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Shoshani A, Kor A, Bar S. The impact of social media use on psychiatric symptoms and well-being of children and adolescents in the Post-COVID-19 era: a four-year longitudinal study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02454-2. [PMID: 38698136 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
This longitudinal study examined the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media use and its impact on psychiatric symptoms and well-being of 3,697 Israeli children and adolescents aged 8 to 14. Data were collected from October 2019 to June 2023, covering four school years and five measurement points prior to, throughout and post- COVID-19. Social media usage, psychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety, somatization, and general distress), as well as subjective well-being (positive and negative emotions, and life satisfaction) were assessed. The analysis also probed the extent to which social support and extracurricular activities moderated the associations between social media use and mental health outcomes. The results of the growth mixed-effects models indicated a significant increase in social media use and psychiatric symptoms, and a significant decrease in subjective well-being over time. Greater social media use was related to more psychiatric symptoms and negative emotions, but also to more positive emotions and life satisfaction. Social support buffered the negative effects of excessive social media use on mental health, whereas extracurricular activities increased positive emotions, but also psychiatric symptoms related to social media use. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to regulate social media usage, given its lasting consequences on the mental health of children and adolescents in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Shoshani
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, P.O.Box 167, Herzliya, 46150, Israel.
| | - Ariel Kor
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, P.O.Box 167, Herzliya, 46150, Israel
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Shira Bar
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, P.O.Box 167, Herzliya, 46150, Israel
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Forte C, McDowell CP, Woods CB, Hallgren M, O'Brien W, Belton S, Murphy MH, Powell C, Herring MP. Differential Associations of Total and Context-Specific Sedentary Time with Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents: Results from Ireland's CSPPA Study. Int J Behav Med 2023; 30:682-692. [PMID: 36199008 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher levels of sedentary behaviour (SB) and screen-time are associated with greater symptoms of depression in adolescents, but the effect of the type and context of SB and screen-time remains underexplored. As part of a nationally-representative observational study, the current cross-sectional study examined associations between SB, screen-time and depressive symptoms among 422 adolescents (13.5 ± 0.92 years; 125 female) in the Republic of Ireland. METHOD Participants completed the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology and self-reported weekly SB, categorised into mentally-active screen-time (e.g., computer use for fun), mentally-passive screen-time (e.g., television viewing) and mentally-active non-screen-based SB (e.g., reading). Mann-Whitney U tests and Kruskal-Wallis H tests examined differences in screen-time and depressive symptoms by relevant covariates. Linear regression quantified crude and adjusted associations between total SB and mentally-active and mentally-passive screen-time and SB, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Crude and adjusted linear regressions showed total SB was significantly, positively associated with depressive symptoms (unadjusted: β = 0.27, p = 0.002, adjusted: β = 0.27, p = 0.002). When type and context were examined in the same model, only mentally-active screen-time was positively associated with depressive symptoms (unadjusted: β = 0.37, p = 0.009, adjusted: β = 0.39, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Differential associations between total SB and mentally-active screen-time and SB, versus mentally-passive screen-time, and depressive symptoms among Irish adolescents were observed. Findings highlight the importance of investigating the context and type of SB and screen-time in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Forte
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- Physical Activity for Health Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Cillian P McDowell
- School of Medicine and The Irish Longitudinal Study On Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Catherine B Woods
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Physical Activity for Health Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mats Hallgren
- Epidemiology of Psychiatric Conditions, Substance Use, and Social Environment (EPiCSS), Department of Global Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Wesley O'Brien
- School of Education, Sports Studies and Physical Education Programme, University College Cork, 2 Lucan Place, Western Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarahjane Belton
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marie H Murphy
- Doctoral College and School of Sport, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Co Antrim, Northern Ireland
| | - Cormac Powell
- Physical Activity for Health Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- High Performance Unit, Sport Ireland National Sports Campus, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew P Herring
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Physical Activity for Health Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Mougharbel F, Chaput JP, Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Colman I, Leatherdale ST, Patte KA, Goldfield GS. Longitudinal associations between different types of screen use and depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1101594. [PMID: 37213617 PMCID: PMC10193840 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence examining the longitudinal associations between different types of screen behaviours and mental health among adolescents is limited. The present study examined the association between five types of screen behaviours and symptoms of anxiety and depression one year later. This study also assessed how changes in screen time were associated with changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms and whether the observed relationships were moderated by sex. Methods Longitudinal data of 17,174 students in grades 9-12 (53.5% females; mean age: 15.1 ± 0.9 years) attending high schools in Canada from two waves (year 6: 2017/18, year 7: 2018/19) of the COMPASS study were analyzed. Leisure screen time and mental health measures were self-reported. To test if the associations between screen time and anxiety, and depression vary by sex, two-way interactions were examined for sex. Analyses accounted for school clustering, race/ethnicity, sex, age, income, body mass index z-score, and previous year anxiety and depression symptoms. Results There were significant longitudinal associations between time spent on each type of screen and subsequent anxiety and depression symptoms. The strength of the associations varied by type of screen behaviour. Interaction analysis indicated a sex difference for television viewing and anxiety and depression symptoms, and internet surfing and anxiety symptoms. A dose-response relationship was observed between phone talking and anxiety symptoms. Beta estimates indicated that an increase in screen duration was associated with a further increase in anxiety and depression symptoms. Conclusion Higher screen time was longitudinally associated with higher anxiety and depression symptoms at one-year follow-up in adolescents. Time-change associations between screen usage and depressive and anxiety symptoms were observed. Also, associations differed based on sex and screen type, whereby greater increases in screen use predicted greater emotional distress. Findings from this prospective analysis suggest that screen time is an important determinant of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adolescents. Future studies are recommended to help inform programs promoting screen time reduction with a goal to enhance adolescents' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Mougharbel
- School of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Karen A. Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Gary S. Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Gary S. Goldfield,
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Lopes LS, Valentini JP, Monteiro TH, Costacurta MCDF, Soares LON, Telfar-Barnard L, Nunes PV. Problematic Social Media Use and Its Relationship with Depression or Anxiety: A Systematic Review. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR, AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2022; 25:691-702. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2021.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paula Villela Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Jundiai Medical School, Jundiai, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Bozzola E, Spina G, Agostiniani R, Barni S, Russo R, Scarpato E, Di Mauro A, Di Stefano AV, Caruso C, Corsello G, Staiano A. The Use of Social Media in Children and Adolescents: Scoping Review on the Potential Risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19169960. [PMID: 36011593 PMCID: PMC9407706 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, social media has become part of our lives, even among children. From the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic period, media device and Internet access rapidly increased. Adolescents connected Internet alone, consulting social media, mostly Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. During "lockdown", the Internet usage allowed communication with peers and the continuity activities such as school teaching. However, we have to keep in mind that media usage may be related to some adverse consequences especially in the most vulnerable people, such as the young. Aim of the review is to focus on risks correlated to social media use by children and adolescents, identifying spies of rising problems and engaging in preventive recommendations. The scoping review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines, searching on PubMed the terms "social media" or "social network", "health", and "pediatrics". Excluding articles not pertinent, we found 68 reports. Out of them, 19 were dealing with depression, 15 with diet, and 15 with psychological problems, which appeared to be the most reported risk of social media use. Other identified associated problems were sleep, addiction, anxiety, sex related issues, behavioral problems, body image, physical activity, online grooming, sight, headache, and dental caries. Public and medical awareness must rise over this topic and new prevention measures must be found, starting with health practitioners, caregivers, and websites/application developers. Pediatricians should be aware of the risks associated to a problematic social media use for the young's health and identify sentinel signs in children as well as prevent negative outcomes in accordance with the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bozzola
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Spina
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Rino Agostiniani
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, San Jacopo Hospital, 51100 Pistoia, Italy
| | - Sarah Barni
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Russo
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Scarpato
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences-Section of Pediatric, University Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giovanni Corsello
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Annamaria Staiano
- The Italian Pediatric Society, 00100 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences-Section of Pediatric, University Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
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Liu M, Kamper-DeMarco KE, Zhang J, Xiao J, Dong D, Xue P. Time Spent on Social Media and Risk of Depression in Adolescents: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095164. [PMID: 35564559 PMCID: PMC9103874 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent depression is a worldwide public health concern and has contributed to significant socioeconomic burden. Investigating the association between time spent on social media (TSSM) and depression may provide guidance toward the prevention and intervention of adolescent depression. However, related literature reported mixed findings in terms of the relationship between TSSM and depression in adolescents. Hence, we conducted a comprehensive dose−response meta-analysis to clarify this issue. We conducted a systematic title/abstract and topic search of the relative terms in Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO databases through 9 January 2022. Odd ratios (ORs) were used to examine the pooled effect size of the association between TSSM and risk of depression. Dose−response analysis was evaluated by a generalized least squares trend estimation. Twenty-one cross-sectional studies and five longitudinal studies including a total of 55,340 participants were included. Overall, more TSSM was significantly associated with a higher risk of depression symptoms (OR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.45 to 1.75) with high heterogeneity (Q(29) = 105.9, p < 0.001; I2 = 72.6%). The association was stronger for adolescent girls (OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.41 to 2.09) than boys (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.05 to 1.37). Five studies with seven reports were included in dose−response analysis. There was a linear dose−response association of TSSM and risk of depression. The risk of depression increased by 13% (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.09 to 1.17, p < 0.001) for each hour increase in social media use in adolescents. TSSM is associated with depression in a linear dose−response and gender-specific manner, which suggests the need for better monitoring of adolescent social media use. However, motivation, content, and engagement on and exposure to social media use may also be important contributing factors, making it necessary to interpret the current findings with caution. Therefore, further research is required to clarify not only the causal link between TSSM and depression by randomized control studies but also the influence of other factors, such as active vs. passive social media use or different types of engagement or environments in which social media is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Liu
- Department of Psychology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Sociology, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 102206, China;
- Department of Sociology, State University of New York College at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA
| | - Jia Xiao
- Department of Psychology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China;
| | - Daifeng Dong
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
- China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha 410011, China
| | - Peng Xue
- College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116082, China;
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Mei S, Lv J, Ren H, Guo X, Meng C, Fei J, Yuan T, Yue J, Gao R, Song Q, Zhao X, Ao Y, Li Y. Lifestyle Behaviors and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adolescents Using Regression and fsQCA Models. Front Public Health 2022; 10:825176. [PMID: 35392470 PMCID: PMC8980354 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.825176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was to compare the performance of the regression models and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) models in analyzing the possible effects of sociodemographic variables (age and sex) and lifestyle behaviors (physical activity, sedentary time, sleep duration, physical education class and screen time) on depressive symptoms in adolescents. This cross-sectional surgery was conducted among 726 adolescents in Jilin Province of China, selected by random cluster sampling. The regression model showed that age, physical education (PE) class and sleep duration were associated with depressive symptoms. Meanwhile, the fsQCA models showed that shorter physical activity, PE class and sleep duration as well as longer sedentary and screen time were related to higher levels of depressive symptoms. Both regression and fsQCA models indicated that promoting lifestyle behaviors could affect depressive symptoms. Considering the differences between the two methods, they are not superior to the other method, but complementary and should be used in other studies at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songli Mei
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianping Lv
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Nursing Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinmeng Guo
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cuicui Meng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junsong Fei
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tongshuang Yuan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingyi Yue
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ren Gao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qianqian Song
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xixi Zhao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Ao
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Ao
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Yumei Li
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Ueno C, Yamamoto S. The relationship between behavioral problems and screen time in children during COVID-19 school closures in Japan. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2022; 10:1-8. [PMID: 35106288 PMCID: PMC8762980 DOI: 10.21307/sjcapp-2022-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Methods: Results: Conclusions:
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Ueno
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Higashisaga Hospital, Saga, Japan
- Corresponding author:
| | - Shuichi Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Higashisaga Hospital, Saga, Japan
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