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Pyles GM, Huckaby AB, Gutierrez MDLP, Witt WT, Mateu-Borrás M, Dublin SR, Rocuskie-Marker C, Sesti BN, Peasak K, Bitzer GJ, Rader N, Weaver KL, Boehm DT, Fitzgerald N, Chapman J, Ulicny S, Damron FH, Barbier M. Virus-like particles displaying the mature C-terminal domain of filamentous hemagglutinin are immunogenic and protective against Bordetella pertussis respiratory infection in mice. Infect Immun 2024:e0027024. [PMID: 39023271 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00270-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis, the bacterium responsible for whooping cough, remains a significant public health challenge despite the existing licensed pertussis vaccines. Current acellular pertussis vaccines, though having favorable reactogenicity and efficacy profiles, involve complex and costly production processes. In addition, acellular vaccines have functional challenges such as short-lasting duration of immunity and limited antigen coverage. Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) is an adhesin of B. pertussis that is included in all multivalent pertussis vaccine formulations. Antibodies to FHA have been shown to prevent bacterial attachment to respiratory epithelial cells, and T cell responses to FHA facilitate cell-mediated immunity. In this study, FHA's mature C-terminal domain (MCD) was evaluated as a novel vaccine antigen. MCD was conjugated to virus-like particles via SpyTag-SpyCatcher technology. Prime-boost vaccine studies were performed in mice to characterize immunogenicity and protection against the intranasal B. pertussis challenge. MCD-SpyVLP was more immunogenic than SpyTag-MCD antigen alone, and in Tohama I strain challenge studies, improved protection against challenge was observed in the lungs at day 3 and in the trachea and nasal wash at day 7 post-challenge. Furthermore, a B. pertussis strain encoding genetically inactivated pertussis toxin was used to evaluate MCD-SpyVLP vaccine immunity. Mice vaccinated with MCD-SpyVLP had significantly lower respiratory bacterial burden at both days 3 and 7 post-challenge compared to mock-vaccinated animals. Overall, these data support the use of SpyTag-SpyCatcher VLPs as a platform for use in vaccine development against B. pertussis and other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gage M Pyles
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Annalisa B Huckaby
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Maria de la Paz Gutierrez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - William T Witt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Margalida Mateu-Borrás
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Spencer R Dublin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Carleena Rocuskie-Marker
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Bethany N Sesti
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kerrington Peasak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Graham J Bitzer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rader
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kelly L Weaver
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Dylan T Boehm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Nicholas Fitzgerald
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Joshua Chapman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Samuel Ulicny
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - F Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Monterrubio-López GP, Llamas-Monroy JL, Martínez-Gómez ÁA, Delgadillo-Gutiérrez K. Novel vaccine candidates of Bordetella pertussis identified by reverse vaccinology. Biologicals 2024; 85:101740. [PMID: 38217963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Whooping cough is a disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, whose morbidity has increased, motivating the improvement of current vaccines. Reverse vaccinology is a strategy that helps identify proteins with good characteristics fast and with fewer resources. In this work, we applied reverse vaccinology to study the B. pertussis proteome and pangenome with several in-silico tools. We analyzed the B. pertussis Tohama I proteome with NERVE software and compared 234 proteins with B. parapertussis, B. bronchiseptica, and B. holmessi. VaxiJen was used to calculate an antigenicity value; our threshold was 0.6, selecting 84 proteins. The candidates were depurated and grouped in eight family proteins to select representative candidates, according to bibliographic information and their immunological response predicted with ABCpred, Bcepred, IgPred, and C-ImmSim. Additionally, a pangenome study was conducted with 603 B. pertussis strains and PanRV software, identifying 3421 core proteins that were analyzed to select the best candidates. Finally, we selected 15 proteins from the proteome study and seven proteins from the pangenome analysis as good vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Paulina Monterrubio-López
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Llamas-Monroy
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ángel Antonio Martínez-Gómez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karen Delgadillo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
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Kang KR, Kim JA, Cho GW, Kang HU, Kang HM, Kang JH, Seong BL, Lee SY. Comparative Evaluation of Recombinant and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines in a Murine Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:108. [PMID: 38276680 PMCID: PMC10818713 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the 2000s, sporadic outbreaks of whooping cough have been reported in advanced countries, where the acellular pertussis vaccination rate is relatively high, and in developing countries. Small-scale whooping cough has also continued in many countries, due in part to the waning of immune protection after childhood vaccination, necessitating the development of an improved pertussis vaccine and vaccination program. Currently, two different production platforms are being actively pursued in Korea; one is based on the aP (acellular pertussis) vaccine purified from B. pertussis containing pertussis toxoid (PT), filamentous hemagglutin (FHA) and pertactin (PRN), and the other is based on the recombinant aP (raP), containing genetically detoxified pertussis toxin ADP-ribosyltransferase subunit 1 (PtxS1), FHA, and PRN domain, expressed and purified from recombinant E. coli. aP components were further combined with diphtheria and tetanus vaccine components as a prototype DTaP vaccine by GC Pharma (GC DTaP vaccine). We evaluated and compared the immunogenicity and the protective efficacy of aP and raP vaccines in an experimental murine challenge model: humoral immunity in serum, IgA secretion in nasal lavage, bacterial clearance after challenge, PTx (pertussis toxin) CHO cell neutralization titer, cytokine secretion in spleen single cell, and tissue resident memory CD4+ T cell (CD4+ TRM cell) in lung tissues. In humoral immunogenicity, GC DTaP vaccines showed high titers for PT and PRN and showed similar patterns in nasal lavage and IL-5 cytokine secretions. The GC DTaP vaccine and the control vaccine showed equivalent results in bacterial clearance after challenge, PTx CHO cell neutralization assay, and CD4+ TRM cell. In contrast, the recombinant raP vaccine exhibited strong antibody responses for FHA and PRN, albeit with low antibody level of PT and low titer in PTx CHO neutralization assay, as compared to control and GC DTaP vaccines. The raP vaccine provided a sterile lung bacterial clearance comparable to a commercial control vaccine after the experimental challenge in murine model. Moreover, raP exhibited a strong cytokine response and CD4+ TRM cell in lung tissue, comparable or superior to the experimental and commercial DTaP vaccinated groups. Contingent on improving the biophysical stability and humoral response to PT, the raP vaccine warrants further development as an effective alternative to aP vaccines for the control of a pertussis outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Ri Kang
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, Annex to Seoul Saint Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
| | - Ji-Ahn Kim
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, Annex to Seoul Saint Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
| | - Gyu-Won Cho
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, Annex to Seoul Saint Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
| | - Han-Ul Kang
- The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Kang
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, Annex to Seoul Saint Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Han Kang
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, Annex to Seoul Saint Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
| | - Baik-Lin Seong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Young Lee
- The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, Annex to Seoul Saint Mary Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea (J.-H.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14647, Republic of Korea
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4
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Kim AR, Sette A, da Silva Antunes R. Adaptive immune response to bordetella pertussis during vaccination and infection: emerging perspectives and unanswered questions. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:705-714. [PMID: 39037200 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2024.2383745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, remains a significant challenge as a vaccine-preventable disease worldwide. Since the switch from the whole-cell Pertussis (wP) vaccine to the acellular Pertussis vaccine (aP), cases of whooping cough have increased in countries using the aP vaccine. Understanding the immune system's response to pertussis vaccines and infection is crucial for improving current vaccine efficacy. AREAS COVERED This review of the literature using PubMed records offers an overview of the qualitative differences in antibody and T cell responses to B. pertussis (BP) in vaccination and infection, and their potential association with decreased efficacy of the aP vaccine in preventing infection and subclinical colonization. We further discuss how asymptomatic infections and carriage are widespread among vaccinated human populations, and explore methodologies that can be employed for their detection, to better understand their impact on adaptive immune responses and identify key features necessary for protection against the disease. EXPERT OPINION An underappreciated human BP reservoir, stemming from the decreased capacity of the aP vaccine to prevent subclinical infection, offers an alternative explanation for the increased incidence of clinical disease and recurrent outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Reum Kim
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
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5
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da Silva Antunes R, Garrigan E, Quiambao LG, Dhanda SK, Marrama D, Westernberg L, Wang E, Abawi A, Sutherland A, Armstrong SK, Brickman TJ, Sidney J, Frazier A, Merkel TJ, Peters B, Sette A. T cell reactivity to Bordetella pertussis is highly diverse regardless of childhood vaccination. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1404-1416.e4. [PMID: 37490913 PMCID: PMC10528758 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of whooping cough due to Bordetella pertussis (BP) infections has increased recently. It is believed that the shift from whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines to acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines may be contributing to this rise. While T cells are key in controlling and preventing disease, nearly all knowledge relates to antigens in aP vaccines. A whole-genome mapping of human BP-specific CD4+ T cell responses was performed in healthy vaccinated adults and revealed unexpected broad reactivity to hundreds of antigens. The overall pattern and magnitude of T cell responses to aP and non-aP vaccine antigens are similar regardless of childhood vaccination, suggesting that asymptomatic infections drive the pattern of T cell reactivity in adults. Lastly, lack of Th1/Th2 polarization to non-aP vaccine antigens suggests these antigens have the potential to counteract aP vaccination Th2 bias. These findings enhance our insights into human T cell responses to BP and identify potential targets for next-generation pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo da Silva Antunes
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Emily Garrigan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lorenzo G Quiambao
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dhanda
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel Marrama
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Luise Westernberg
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eric Wang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adam Abawi
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aaron Sutherland
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sandra K Armstrong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Timothy J Brickman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - John Sidney
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - April Frazier
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tod J Merkel
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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6
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Abstract
Specialized subpopulations of CD4+ T cells survey major histocompatibility complex class II-peptide complexes to control phagosomal infections, help B cells, regulate tissue homeostasis and repair or perform immune regulation. Memory CD4+ T cells are positioned throughout the body and not only protect the tissues from reinfection and cancer, but also participate in allergy, autoimmunity, graft rejection and chronic inflammation. Here we provide updates on our understanding of the longevity, functional heterogeneity, differentiation, plasticity, migration and human immunodeficiency virus reservoirs as well as key technological advances that are facilitating the characterization of memory CD4+ T cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Künzli
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David Masopust
- Center for Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Yount KS, Hall JM, Caution K, Shamseldin MM, Guo M, Marion K, Fullen AR, Huang Y, Maynard JA, Quataert SA, Deora R, Dubey P. Systemic priming and intranasal booster with a BcfA-adjuvanted acellular pertussis vaccine generates CD4+ IL-17+ nasal tissue resident T cells and reduces B. pertussis nasal colonization. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181876. [PMID: 37275891 PMCID: PMC10232778 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Resurgence of pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis, necessitates novel vaccines and vaccination strategies to combat this disease. Alum-adjuvanted acellular pertussis vaccines (aPV) delivered intramuscularly reduce bacterial numbers in the lungs of immunized animals and humans, but do not reduce nasal colonization. Thus, aPV-immunized individuals are sources of community transmission. We showed previously that modification of a commercial aPV (Boostrix) by addition of the Th1/17 polarizing adjuvant Bordetella Colonization Factor A (BcfA) attenuated Th2 responses elicited by alum and accelerated clearance of B. pertussis from mouse lungs. Here we tested whether a heterologous immunization strategy with systemic priming and mucosal booster (prime-pull) would reduce nasal colonization. Methods Adult male and female mice were immunized intramuscularly (i.m.) with aPV or aPV/BcfA and boosted either i.m. or intranasally (i.n.) with the same formulation. Tissue-resident memory (TRM) responses in the respiratory tract were quantified by flow cytometry, and mucosal and systemic antibodies were quantified by ELISA. Immunized and naïve mice were challenged i.n. with Bordetella pertussis and bacterial load in the nose and lungs enumerated at days 1-14 post-challenge. Results We show that prime-pull immunization with Boostrix plus BcfA (aPV/BcfA) generated IFNγ+ and IL-17+ CD4+ lung resident memory T cells (TRM), and CD4+IL-17+ TRM in the nose. In contrast, aPV alone delivered by the same route generated IL-5+ CD4+ resident memory T cells in the lungs and nose. Importantly, nasal colonization was only reduced in mice immunized with aPV/BcfA by the prime-pull regimen. Conclusions These results suggest that TH17 polarized TRM generated by aPV/BcfA may reduce nasal colonization thereby preventing pertussis transmission and subsequent resurgence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacy S. Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jesse M. Hall
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kyle Caution
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mohamed M. Shamseldin
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Myra Guo
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Keirsten Marion
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Audra R. Fullen
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yimin Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Maynard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Sally A. Quataert
- Respiratory Pathogens Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Purnima Dubey
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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8
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da Silva Antunes R, Garrigan E, Quiambao LG, Dhanda SK, Marrama D, Westernberg L, Wang E, Sutherland A, Armstrong SK, Brickman TJ, Sidney J, Frazier A, Merkel T, Peters B, Sette A. Genome-wide characterization of T cell responses to Bordetella pertussis reveals broad reactivity and similar polarization irrespective of childhood vaccination profiles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.24.534182. [PMID: 36993748 PMCID: PMC10055406 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.24.534182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of whooping cough (pertussis), the respiratory disease caused by Bordetella pertussis (BP) has increased in recent years, and it is suspected that the switch from whole-cell pertussis (wP) to acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines may be a contributing factor to the rise in morbidity. While a growing body of evidence indicates that T cells play a role in the control and prevention of symptomatic disease, nearly all data on human BP-specific T cells is related to the four antigens contained in the aP vaccines, and data detailing T cell responses to additional non-aP antigens, are lacking. Here, we derived a full-genome map of human BP-specific CD4+ T cell responses using a high-throughput ex vivo Activation Induced Marker (AIM) assay, to screen a peptide library spanning over 3000 different BP ORFs. First, our data show that BP specific-CD4+ T cells are associated with a large and previously unrecognized breadth of responses, including hundreds of targets. Notably, fifteen distinct non-aP vaccine antigens were associated with reactivity comparable to that of the aP vaccine antigens. Second, the overall pattern and magnitude of CD4+ T cell reactivity to aP and non-aP vaccine antigens was similar regardless of aP vs wP childhood vaccination history, suggesting that the profile of T cell reactivity in adults is not driven by vaccination, but rather is likely driven by subsequent asymptomatic or sub-clinical infections. Finally, while aP vaccine responses were Th1/Th2 polarized as a function of childhood vaccination, CD4+ T cell responses to non-aP BP antigens vaccine responses were not, suggesting that these antigens could be used to avoid the Th2 bias associated with aP vaccination. Overall, these findings enhance our understanding of human T cell responses against BP and suggest potential targets for designing next-generation pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo da Silva Antunes
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Emily Garrigan
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lorenzo G Quiambao
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dhanda
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Daniel Marrama
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Luise Westernberg
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eric Wang
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Aaron Sutherland
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sandra K Armstrong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Timothy J Brickman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - April Frazier
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tod Merkel
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
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9
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Corbière V, Lambert EE, Rodesch M, van Gaans-van den Brink JAM, Misiak A, Simonetti E, Van Praet A, Godefroid A, Diavatopoulos DA, van Els CACM, Mascart F. A semi high-throughput whole blood-based flow cytometry assay to detect and monitor Bordetella pertussis-specific Th1, Th2 and Th17 responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1101366. [PMID: 36814927 PMCID: PMC9939445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The characterization of B. pertussis (Bp) antigen-specific CD4+ T cell cytokine responses should be included in the evaluation of immunogenicity of pertussis vaccines but is often hindered by the lack of standardized robust assays. Methods To overcome this limitation, we developed a two-step assay comprising a short-term stimulation of fresh whole blood with Bp antigens and cryopreservation of the stimulated cells, followed later on by batch-wise intracellular cytokine analysis by flow cytometry. Blood samples collected from recently acellular (aP) vaccine boosted subjects with a whole-cell- or aP-primed background was incubated for 24 hrs with Pertussis toxin, Filamentous hemagglutinin or a Bp lysate (400µl per stimulation). Antigen-specific IFN-γ-, IL-4/IL-5/IL-13-, IL-17A/IL-17F- and/or IL-22-producing CD4+ T cells were quantified by flow cytometry to reveal Th1, Th2, and Th17-type responses, respectively. The frequencies of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells were also analyzed. Results We demonstrate high reproducibility of the Bp-specific whole blood intracellular staining assay. The results obtained after cryopreservation of the stimulated and fixed cells were very well correlated to those obtained without cryopreservation, an approach used in our previously published assay. Optimization resulted in high sensitivity thanks to very low non-specific backgrounds, with reliable detection of Bp antigen-specific Th1, Th2 and Th17-type CD4+ T cells, in the lowest range frequency of 0.01-0.03%. Bp antigen-specific IFN-γ+ CD8+ T lymphocytes were also detected. This test is easy to perform, analyse and interpret with the establishment of strict criteria defining Bp antigen responses. Discussion Thus, this assay appears as a promising test for evaluation of Bp antigen-specific CD4+ T cells induced by current and next generation pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Corbière
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eleonora E Lambert
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Marine Rodesch
- Department of Paediatrics, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Alicja Misiak
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elles Simonetti
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anne Van Praet
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Godefroid
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dimitri A Diavatopoulos
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cécile A C M van Els
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands.,Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Françoise Mascart
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Bechini A, Zanella B, Bonito B, Bonanni P, Boccalini S. Review of scientific evidence to support recommendations of the full-dose DTaP-IPV vaccination in pre-school age children in Italy. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1819-1830. [PMID: 36178008 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2130770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Two vaccine formulations are available to prevent diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and poliomyelitis: the pediatric full-dose (DTaP-IPV) and the reduced dose formulation (dTap-IPV). Different immunization schedules are internationally recommended for the pre-school booster dose. AREAS COVERED International and Italian recommendations, scientific evidence on immunogenicity and safety of DTaP/dTap vaccines to support the full dose as a pre-school booster and Italian vaccination coverage (VC) up to adolescence. EXPERT OPINION The WHO recommends a '3+1' schedule with DTaP vaccine for primary immunization, followed by a pre-school booster with DTaP or dTap vaccine. In Italy, a '2+1' schedule, with no booster in the second year, and a pre-school booster dose are recommended with DTPa-IPV vaccines. Studies showed a non-inferior immunogenicity in dTap vaccinees in pre-school age; nevertheless, the antibody titers were usually greater in children vaccinated with DTaP, while lower frequencies of adverse events were recorded in children receiving dTap. Italian VCs for pre-school and adolescent boosters have not been satisfactory, which further reduced during the COVID-19 period. In Italy, the pre-school booster offers the last chance to receive a full dose of DTaP vaccine, thus, representing the most suitable intervention to provide lasting protection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bechini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Zanella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bonito
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonanni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Boccalini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
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11
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Barman S, Soni D, Brook B, Nanishi E, Dowling DJ. Precision Vaccine Development: Cues From Natural Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 12:662218. [PMID: 35222350 PMCID: PMC8866702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional vaccine development against infectious diseases has been guided by the overarching aim to generate efficacious vaccines normally indicated by an antibody and/or cellular response that correlates with protection. However, this approach has been shown to be only a partially effective measure, since vaccine- and pathogen-specific immunity may not perfectly overlap. Thus, some vaccine development strategies, normally focused on targeted generation of both antigen specific antibody and T cell responses, resulting in a long-lived heterogenous and stable pool of memory lymphocytes, may benefit from better mimicking the immune response of a natural infection. However, challenges to achieving this goal remain unattended, due to gaps in our understanding of human immunity and full elucidation of infectious pathogenesis. In this review, we describe recent advances in the development of effective vaccines, focusing on how understanding the differences in the immunizing and non-immunizing immune responses to natural infections and corresponding shifts in immune ontogeny are crucial to inform the next generation of infectious disease vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Barman
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dheeraj Soni
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Byron Brook
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Etsuro Nanishi
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David J Dowling
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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12
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Saso A, Kampmann B, Roetynck S. Vaccine-Induced Cellular Immunity against Bordetella pertussis: Harnessing Lessons from Animal and Human Studies to Improve Design and Testing of Novel Pertussis Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:877. [PMID: 34452002 PMCID: PMC8402596 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis ('whooping cough') is a severe respiratory tract infection that primarily affects young children and unimmunised infants. Despite widespread vaccine coverage, it remains one of the least well-controlled vaccine-preventable diseases, with a recent resurgence even in highly vaccinated populations. Although the exact underlying reasons are still not clear, emerging evidence suggests that a key factor is the replacement of the whole-cell (wP) by the acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine, which is less reactogenic but may induce suboptimal and waning immunity. Differences between vaccines are hypothesised to be cell-mediated, with polarisation of Th1/Th2/Th17 responses determined by the composition of the pertussis vaccine given in infancy. Moreover, aP vaccines elicit strong antibody responses but fail to protect against nasal colonisation and/or transmission, in animal models, thereby potentially leading to inadequate herd immunity. Our review summarises current knowledge on vaccine-induced cellular immune responses, based on mucosal and systemic data collected within experimental animal and human vaccine studies. In addition, we describe key factors that may influence cell-mediated immunity and how antigen-specific responses are measured quantitatively and qualitatively, at both cellular and molecular levels. Finally, we discuss how we can harness this emerging knowledge and novel tools to inform the design and testing of the next generation of improved infant pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Saso
- The Vaccine Centre, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1 7HT, UK; (B.K.); (S.R.)
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul P.O. Box 273, The Gambia
| | - Beate Kampmann
- The Vaccine Centre, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1 7HT, UK; (B.K.); (S.R.)
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul P.O. Box 273, The Gambia
| | - Sophie Roetynck
- The Vaccine Centre, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1 7HT, UK; (B.K.); (S.R.)
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul P.O. Box 273, The Gambia
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13
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Lin A, Apostolovic D, Jahnmatz M, Liang F, Ols S, Tecleab T, Wu C, van Hage M, Solovay K, Rubin K, Locht C, Thorstensson R, Thalen M, Loré K. Live attenuated pertussis vaccine BPZE1 induces a broad antibody response in humans. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2332-2346. [PMID: 31945015 DOI: 10.1172/jci135020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDThe live attenuated BPZE1 vaccine candidate induces protection against B. pertussis and prevents nasal colonization in animal models. Here we report on the responses in humans receiving a single intranasal administration of BPZE1.METHODSWe performed multiple assays to dissect the immune responses induced in humans (n = 12) receiving BPZE1, with particular emphasis on the magnitude and characteristics of the antibody responses. Such responses were benchmarked to adolescents (n = 12) receiving the complete vaccination program of the currently used acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV). Using immunoproteomics analysis, potentially novel immunogenic B. pertussis antigens were identified.RESULTSAll BPZE1 vaccinees showed robust B. pertussis-specific antibody responses with regard to significant increase in 1 or more of the following parameters: IgG, IgA, and memory B cells to B. pertussis antigens. BPZE1-specific T cells showed a Th1 phenotype, and the IgG exclusively consisted of IgG1 and IgG3. In contrast, all aPV vaccines showed a Th2-biased response. Immunoproteomics profiling revealed that BPZE1 elicited broader and different antibody specificities to B. pertussis antigens as compared with the aPV that primarily induced antibodies to the vaccine antigens. Moreover, BPZE1 was superior at inducing opsonizing antibodies that stimulated ROS production in neutrophils and enhanced bactericidal function, which was in line with the finding that antibodies against adenylate cyclase toxin were only elicited by BPZE1.CONCLUSIONThe breadth of the antibodies, the Th1-type cellular response, and killing mechanisms elicited by BPZE1 may hold prospects of improving vaccine efficacy and protection against B. pertussis transmission.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT02453048, NCT00870350.FUNDINGILiAD Biotechnologies, Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet), Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Lin
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, and.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Maja Jahnmatz
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank Liang
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, and.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Ols
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, and.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Chenyan Wu
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, and
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, and
| | - Ken Solovay
- ILiAD Biotechnologies, New York, New York, USA
| | - Keith Rubin
- ILiAD Biotechnologies, New York, New York, USA
| | - Camille Locht
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Karin Loré
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, and.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Environmental signals rather than layered ontogeny imprint the function of type 2 conventional dendritic cells in young and adult mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:464. [PMID: 33469015 PMCID: PMC7815729 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDC) are key activators of naive T cells, and can be targeted in adults to induce adaptive immunity, but in early life are considered under-developed or functionally immature. Here we show that, in early life, when the immune system develops, cDC2 exhibit a dual hematopoietic origin and, like other myeloid and lymphoid cells, develop in waves. Developmentally distinct cDC2 in early life, despite being distinguishable by fate mapping, are transcriptionally and functionally similar. cDC2 in early and adult life, however, are exposed to distinct cytokine environments that shape their transcriptional profile and alter their ability to sense pathogens, secrete cytokines and polarize T cells. We further show that cDC2 in early life, despite being distinct from cDC2 in adult life, are functionally competent and can induce T cell responses. Our results thus highlight the potential of harnessing cDC2 for boosting immunity in early life.
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15
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Peer V, Schwartz N, Green MS. A multi-country, multi-year, meta-analytic evaluation of the sex differences in age-specific pertussis incidence rates. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231570. [PMID: 32324790 PMCID: PMC7179848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pertussis is frequently reported to be more common in females than in males. However, the variability of the sources of these observations makes it difficult to estimate the magnitude and consistency of the sex differences by age. To address this question, we used meta-analytic methods to analyze pertussis national incidence rates by sex and age group from nine countries between the years 1990 and 2017. METHODS For each age group, we used meta-analytic methods to combine the female to male incidence rate ratios (RRs) by country and year. Meta-regression was performed to assess the relative contributions of age, country and time-period to the variation in the incidence RRs. RESULTS The pooled female to male incidence RRs (with 95% CI) for ages 0-1, 1-4, 5-9 and 10-14, were 1.03 (1.01-1.06), 1.16 (1.14-1.17), 1.18 (1.15-1.22), 1.15 (1.11-1.18) respectively. For the ages 15-44, 45-64 and 65+ they were 1.65 (1.58-1.72), 1.59 (1.53-1.66), 1.20 (1.16-1.24), respectively. While there were some differences between the countries, the directions were consistent. When including age, country and time in meta-regression analyses, almost all the variation could be attributed to the differences between the age groups. CONCLUSIONS The consistency of the excess pertussis incidence rates in females, particularly in infants and very young children, is unlikely to be due to differences in exposure. Other factors that impact on the immune system, including chromosomal differences and hormones, should be further investigated to explain these sex differences. Future studies should consider sex for better understanding the mechanisms affecting disease incidence, with possible implications for management and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Peer
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Naama Schwartz
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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16
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Reduced IgG titers against pertussis in rheumatoid arthritis: Evidence for a citrulline-biased immune response and medication effects. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217221. [PMID: 31136605 PMCID: PMC6538243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antibody response to pertussis vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis is unknown, a concerning omission given the relatively low efficacy of the pertussis vaccine, a rise in pertussis infections, and a general increased susceptibility to infection in rheumatoid arthritis. Additionally, the contributions from an intrinsically dysregulated immune system in rheumatoid arthritis and immune-suppressing medications to the response to pertussis vaccination is poorly defined. This study examines antibody titers against pertussis in vaccinated rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls as well as evaluates potential contributions from demographic factors, immune suppressing medications, and reactivity against citrullinated pertussis. METHODS Serum IgG titers against native and citrullinated pertussis and tetanus were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in rheumatoid arthritis subjects and controls who were vaccinated within 10 years. Titers were compared by t-test and percent immunity by Fisher's exact test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify clinical factors that correlate with native pertussis titers. RESULTS Compared to controls, rheumatoid arthritis subjects had lower titers against pertussis, but not tetanus, and reduced immunity to pertussis. These results were even more prominent at 5-10 years post-vaccination, when rheumatoid arthritis patients had 50% lower titers than controls and 2.5x more rheumatoid arthritis subjects were not considered immune to pertussis. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that female sex and methotrexate use, but not TNF inhibiting medications, correlated with reduced immunity to pertussis. Finally, rheumatoid arthritis patients had higher IgG titers against citrullinated pertussis than native pertussis. CONCLUSIONS Pertussis titers are lower in vaccinated rheumatoid arthritis patients with evidence for contributions from female sex, a citrulline-biased immune response, and methotrexate use.
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17
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Yilmaz Ç, Özcengiz E, Özcengiz G. Recombinant outer membrane protein Q and putative lipoprotein from Bordetella pertussis inducing strong humoral response were not protective alone in the murine lung colonization model. Turk J Biol 2019; 42:123-131. [PMID: 30814874 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1709-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite high vaccination coverage after introduction of whole cell (wP) and acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines, pertussis resurgence has been reported in many countries. aP vaccines are commonly preferred due to side effects of wP vaccines and formulated with aluminum hydroxide (Alum), which is not an effective adjuvant to eliminate Bordetella pertussis. Low efficiency of current aP vaccines is thought to be the main reason for the resurgence for which newer generation aP vaccines are needed. In the present study, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of outer membrane protein Q (OmpQ) and a putative lipoprotein (Lpp) from B. pertussis were investigated in mice by using two diefrent adjuvants, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) or Alum. OmpQ and putative Lpp were cloned, expressed, and purified from Escherichia coli. The proteins were formulated to immunize mice. Both recombinant OmpQ and putative Lpp induced a significant increase in immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) responses compared to the control group. Moreover, MPLA-adjuvanted formulations resulted in higher IgG2a levels than Alum-adjuvanted ones. However, there were no significant differences between test and control groups regarding interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels, and the mice lung colonization experiments indicated that neither rOmpQ nor rLpp could confer protection alone against B. pertussis challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Yilmaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey
| | | | - Gülay Özcengiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey
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18
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Di Mattia G, Nicolai A, Frassanito A, Petrarca L, Nenna R, Midulla F. Pertussis: New preventive strategies for an old disease. Paediatr Respir Rev 2019; 29:68-73. [PMID: 29914744 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last twenty years, despite high vaccination coverage, epidemics of pertussis are occurring in both developing and developed countries. Many reasons could explain the pertussis resurgence: the increasing awareness of the disease, the availability of new diagnostic tests with higher sensitivity, the emergence of new Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) strains different from those contained in the current vaccines, the asymptomatic transmission of B. pertussis in adolescents and adults and the shorter duration of protection given by the acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine. New preventive strategies have already been implemented, such as booster doses of aP vaccine in adolescents and adults, maternal immunisation during pregnancy and the "cocooning" strategy, but more are still needed. Knowing what is new about this old disease is necessary to reduce its incidence and to protect infants too young to be vaccinated, which have the highest risk of complications and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Di Mattia
- Department of Paediatrics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ambra Nicolai
- Department of Paediatrics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Frassanito
- Department of Paediatrics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrarca
- Department of Paediatrics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Nenna
- Department of Paediatrics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Department of Paediatrics, "Sapienza" University of Rome, V.le Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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19
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Lambert EE, Buisman AM, van Els CACM. Superior B. pertussis Specific CD4+ T-Cell Immunity Imprinted by Natural Infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1183:81-98. [PMID: 31321753 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis remains endemic in vaccinated populations due to waning of vaccine-induced immunity and insufficient interruption of transmission. Correlates of long-term protection against whooping cough remain elusive but increasing evidence from experimental models indicates that the priming of particular lineages of B. pertussis (Bp) specific CD4+ T cells is essential to control bacterial load. Critical hallmarks of these protective CD4+ T cell lineages in animals are suggested to be their differentiation profile as Th1 and Th17 cells and their tissue residency. These features seem optimally primed by previous infection but insufficiently or only partially by current vaccines. In this review, evidence is sought indicating whether infection also drives such superior Bp specific CD4+ T cell lineages in humans. We highlight key features of effector immunity downstream of Th1 and Th17 cell cytokines that explain clearing of primary Bp infections in naïve hosts, and effective prevention of infection in convalescent hosts during secondary challenge. Outstanding questions are put forward that need answers before correlates of human Bp infection-primed CD4+ T cell immunity can be used as benchmark for the development of improved pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora E Lambert
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Buisman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile A C M van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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20
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Borkner L, Misiak A, Wilk MM, Mills KHG. Azithromycin Clears Bordetella pertussis Infection in Mice but Also Modulates Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses and T Cell Memory. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1764. [PMID: 30105030 PMCID: PMC6077268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin (AZM) is an important intervention for controlling infection of children with Bordetella pertussis and as a prophylaxis for preventing transmission to family members. However, antibiotics are known to have immunomodulatory effects independent of their antimicrobial activity. Here, we used a mouse model to examine the effects of AZM treatment on clearance of B. pertussis and induction of innate and adaptive immunity. We found that treatment of mice with AZM either 7 or 14 days post challenge effectively cleared the bacteria from the lungs. The numbers of innate immune cells in the lungs were significantly reduced in antibiotic-treated mice. Furthermore, AZM reduced the activation status of macrophages and dendritic cells, but only in mice treated on day 7. Early treatment with antibiotics also reduced the frequency of tissue-resident T cells and IL-17-producing cells in the lungs. To assess the immunomodulatory effects of AZM independent of its antimicrobial activity, mice were antibiotic treated during immunization with a whole cell pertussis (wP) vaccine. Protection against B. pertussis induced by immunization with wP was slightly reduced in AZM-treated mice. Antibiotic-treated wP-immunized mice had reduced numbers of lung-resident memory CD4 T cells and IL-17-production and reduced CD49d expression on splenic CD4 T cells after challenge, suggestive of impaired CD4 T cell memory. Taken together these results suggest that AZM can modulate the induction of memory CD4 T cells during B. pertussis infection, but this may in part be due to the clearance of B. pertussis and resulting loss of components that stimulate innate and adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Borkner
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alicja Misiak
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mieszko M Wilk
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Bolotin S, Johnson C, Quach S, Ambrose A, DeCoutere S, Deeks SL, Drews S, Faheem A, Green K, Halperin SA, Hoang L, Jamieson F, Kollmann T, Marchand-Austin A, McCormack D, McGeer A, Murti M, Bba AO, Rebbapragada A, Vanderkooi OG, Wang J, Warshawsky B, Crowcroft NS. Case-control study of household contacts to examine immunological protection from Bordetella pertussis transmission - study protocol. CMAJ Open 2017; 5:E872-E877. [PMID: 29269437 PMCID: PMC5741426 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20170072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is mounting evidence that the recent resurgence of pertussis in many countries is in part related to the acellular vaccine, which has been administered in Canada since 1997. This vaccine elicits a different cell-mediated immune response than the previously used whole-cell vaccine, and its effectiveness wanes over time. The aim of this study is to understand the immunological, demographic and clinical factors that mediate protection from pertussis on exposure. METHODS This is a household case-control study protocol. Following notification of an index case in a household, a study team will conduct a home visit to collect data and biological specimens. The study team will return to the household 8 weeks from the onset of illness in the index case. The Th1, Th2 and Th17 responses, cytokine expression, IgG subclass, blood cell counts and presence of Bordetella pertussis will be determined. We will use laboratory and statistical analyses to determine immunological differences between contacts who are infected with B. pertussis and contacts who remain healthy, and to determine which clinical and demographic covariates are associated with a reduced risk of infection. INTERPRETATION The results of this study will be essential for understanding the immune response required for protection from infection with B. pertussis and will contribute to our understanding of the shortcomings of the current vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Bolotin
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Caitlin Johnson
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Susan Quach
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Ardith Ambrose
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Sarah DeCoutere
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Shelley L Deeks
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Steven Drews
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Amna Faheem
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Karen Green
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Scott A Halperin
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Linda Hoang
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Frances Jamieson
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Tobias Kollmann
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Alex Marchand-Austin
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Deirdre McCormack
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Allison McGeer
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Michelle Murti
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Alison Orth Bba
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Anu Rebbapragada
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Otto G Vanderkooi
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Jun Wang
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Bryna Warshawsky
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
| | - Natasha S Crowcroft
- Affiliations: Public Health Ontario (Bolotin, Johnson, Quach, Deeks, Jamieson, Marchand-Austin, Warshawsky, Crowcroft); University of Toronto (Bolotin, Deeks, Jamieson, Crowcroft), Toronto, Ont.; Canadian Center for Vaccinology (Ambrose, DeCoutere, Halperin, Wang), Halifax, NS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Drews), University of Alberta; ProvLab Alberta (Drews), Edmonton, Alta.; North York General Hospital (Faheem); Mount Sinai Hospital (Green, McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology (Halperin), Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS; British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (Hoang); Child and Family Research Institute (Kollmann), Vancouver, BC; McGill University Health Centre (McCormack), Montréal, Que.; Fraser Health Authority (Murti, Orth), Surrey, BC; Gamma Dynacare (Rebbapragada), Brampton, Ont.; University of Calgary (Vanderkooi), Calgary, Alta
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Aloe C, Kulldorff M, Bloom BR. Geospatial analysis of nonmedical vaccine exemptions and pertussis outbreaks in the United States. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:7101-7105. [PMID: 28634290 PMCID: PMC5502604 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700240114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of increased numbers of recorded pertussis cases in the United States, this study sought to understand the role of nonmedical vaccine exemptions and waning immunity may have had on the resurgence of pertussis in the United States at the community level. We used geospatial scan statistics, SaTScan, version 9.4, to analyze nonmedical vaccine exemptions of children entering kindergarten in 2011 and 2012 and reported pertussis cases in 2012 for children in age groups 5 years and younger and 10 to 14 years. Eight statistically significant clusters of nonmedical vaccine exemptions in kindergarteners and 11 statistically significant clusters of pertussis cases in children and adolescents were identified and geospatially linked. Forty-five percent of the counties in the study had high rates of nonmedical vaccine exemptions. The proportion of kindergarteners with nonmedical vaccine exemptions was 2.8 times larger in the identified exemption clusters. In addition, 31 counties had geographic clusters of high rates of pertussis in children ages 10 to 14 years old, consistent with waning immunity. Our findings are consistent with the view that geographic clusters of nonmedical vaccine exemptions and waning immunity may have been factors contributing to community-level pertussis outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlin Aloe
- Harvard University Extension School, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Martin Kulldorff
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Harvard University Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02120
| | - Barry R Bloom
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
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Fedele G, Carollo M, Palazzo R, Stefanelli P, Pandolfi E, Gesualdo F, Tozzi AE, Carsetti R, Villani A, Nicolai A, Midulla F, Ausiello CM. Parents as source of pertussis transmission in hospitalized young infants. Infection 2016; 45:171-178. [PMID: 27614887 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-016-0943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was planned to collect evidences of familial pertussis transmission to infants younger than 6 months of age. Understanding the dynamics of transmission of pertussis in families is essential to plan effective prevention strategies that could be integrated in pertussis control. METHODS The seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin (PT-IgG) and prolonged cough symptoms were evaluated in parents of 55 infants aged <6 months hospitalized for confirmed pertussis. Parents of 33 infants with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and parents of 57 healthy infants admitted as outpatients for hip ultrasound examination (HE) were enrolled as controls. RESULTS Parents of pertussis cases had PT-IgG levels significantly higher as compared to LRTI and HE parents. More than 40 % were compatible as transmitters of pertussis to their babies, since they had a level of PT-IgG ≥ 100 IU/ml, which is considered diagnostic for a recent pertussis episode. Based on serology, the percentage of pertussis cases that had at least one parent as source of infection was 49.1 %. When cough symptoms were taken into account, the percentage of parents putative transmitters of the infection to their infants increased to 56.4 %. CONCLUSIONS Parents are scarcely aware of the household transmission of pertussis to their newborns. Our study highlights the need to advise parents about the likelihood of transmission to the newborn and to be particularly aware of coughing symptoms in the household. Since infection can be asymptomatic, a serological survey of family members should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Fedele
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Carollo
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Palazzo
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Stefanelli
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pandolfi
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Gesualdo
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Eugenio Tozzi
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Carsetti
- Immunology Area, B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immune Diagnosis Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Villani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ambra Nicolai
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Maria Ausiello
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Evidence of increased circulation of Bordetella pertussis in the Italian adult population from seroprevalence data (2012–2013). J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:649-657. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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25
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Gröndahl-Yli-Hannuksela K, Vahlberg T, Ilonen J, Mertsola J, He Q. Polymorphism of IL-10 gene promoter region: association with T cell proliferative responses after acellular pertussis vaccination in adults. Immunogenetics 2016; 68:733-41. [PMID: 27282930 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Individual variation in immune responses is always encountered after vaccination. This phenomenon is also seen after acellular pertussis vaccination. The aim of this present study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-10 gene promoter region (rs1800890, rs1800896, rs1800871), IL-12B (rs2546890), IL-12RB1 (rs372889), IL-17A (rs2275913), and IL-23R (rs11209026) affect the immune responses after acellular pertussis vaccination. The T cell proliferative response was evaluated in 38 Finnish young adults who received a second booster dose of a vaccine combination of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis, 10 years after the previous booster. The response was evaluated with a proliferation assay in which vaccine antigens pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and pertactin (PRN) were used for the stimulation, before and 1 month after the second vaccination. Specific proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells against pertussis antigens was affected by IL-10 SNP in the promoter region at position -1082 (A>G, rs1800896). One month after the vaccination, subjects with the AA and AG genotypes had a significantly higher T cell proliferative response against PT and FHA compared to those with the GG genotype. Subjects with the GG genotype had the lowest responses. As a conclusion, our preliminary results indicate that IL-10 SNP -1082 might play an important role in T cell-mediated immune responses after acellular pertussis vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Gröndahl-Yli-Hannuksela
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Mertsola
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Qiushui He
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Medical Microbiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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26
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Abstract
Pertussis, caused by Bordetella (B.) pertussis, a Gram-negative bacterium, is a highly contagious airway infection. Especially in infants, pertussis remains a major health concern. Acute infection with B. pertussis can cause severe illness characterized by severe respiratory failure, pulmonary hypertension, leucocytosis, and death. Over the past years, rising incidence rates of intensive care treatment in young infants were described. Due to several virulence factors (pertussis toxin, tracheal cytotoxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, and lipooligosaccharide) that promote bacterial adhesion and invasion, B. pertussis creates a unique niche for colonization within the human respiratory tract. The resulting long-term infection is mainly caused by the ability of B. pertussis to interfere with the host's innate and adaptive immune system. Although pertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease, it has persisted in vaccinated populations. Epidemiological data reported a worldwide increase in pertussis incidence among children during the past years. Either acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines or whole-cell vaccines are worldwide used. Recent studies did not detect any differences according to pertussis incidence when comparing the different vaccines used. Most of the currently used aP vaccines protect against acute infections for a period of 6-8 years. The resurgence of pertussis may be due to the lack of herd immunity caused by missing booster immunizations among adolescents and adults, low vaccine coverages in some geographic areas, and genetic changes of different B. pertussis strains. Due to the rising incidence of pertussis, probable solution strategies are discussed. Cocooning strategies (vaccination of close contact persons) and immunizations during pregnancy appear to be an approach to reduce neonatal contagiousness. During the past years, studies focused on the pathway of the immune modulation done by B. pertussis to provide a basis for the identification of new therapeutic targets to enhance the host's immune response and to probably modulate certain virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Zlamy
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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27
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van Twillert I, Han WGH, van Els CACM. Waning and aging of cellular immunity to Bordetella pertussis. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv071. [PMID: 26371178 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While it is clear that the maintenance of Bordetella pertussis-specific immunity evoked both after vaccination and infection is insufficient, it is unknown at which pace waning occurs and which threshold levels of sustained functional memory B and T cells are required to provide long-term protection. Longevity of human cellular immunity to B. pertussis has been studied less extensively than serology, but is suggested to be key for the observed differences between the duration of protection induced by acellular vaccination and whole cell vaccination or infection. The induction and maintenance of levels of protective memory B and T cells may alter with age, associated with changes of the immune system throughout life and with accumulating exposures to circulating B. pertussis or vaccine doses. This is relevant since pertussis affects all age groups. This review summarizes current knowledge on the waning patterns of human cellular immune responses to B. pertussis as addressed in diverse vaccination and infection settings and in various age groups. Knowledge on the effectiveness and flaws in human B. pertussis-specific cellular immunity ultimately will advance the improvement of pertussis vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inonge van Twillert
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Wanda G H Han
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Cécile A C M van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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