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Wang Z, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Lu Y. Roles of alcohol dehydrogenase 1 in the biological activities of Candida albicans. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38916139 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2371510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Candida albicans stands as the foremost prevalent human commensal pathogen and a significant contributor to nosocomial fungal infections. In the metabolism of C. albicans, alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (Adh1) is one of the important enzymes that converts acetaldehyde produced by pyruvate decarboxylation into ethanol at the end of glycolysis. Leveraging the foundational processes of alcoholic fermentation, Adh1 plays an active role in multiple biological phenomena, including biofilm formation, interactions between different species, the development of drug resistance, and the potential initiation of gastrointestinal cancer. Additionally, Adh1 within C. albicans has demonstrated associations with regulating the cell cycle, stress responses, and various intracellular states. Furthermore, Adh1 is extracellularly localized on the cell wall surface, where it plays roles in processes such as tissue invasion and host immune responses. Drawing from an analysis of ADH1 gene structure, expression patterns, and fundamental functions, this review elucidates the intricate connections between Adh1 and various biological processes within C. albicans, underscoring its potential implications for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Rai LS, Chauvel M, Sanchez H, van Wijlick L, Maufrais C, Cokelaer T, Sertour N, Legrand M, Sanyal K, Andes DR, Bachellier-Bassi S, d'Enfert C. Metabolic reprogramming during Candida albicans planktonic-biofilm transition is modulated by the transcription factors Zcf15 and Zcf26. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002693. [PMID: 38905306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal of the human microbiota that can form biofilms on implanted medical devices. These biofilms are tolerant to antifungals and to the host immune system. To identify novel genes modulating C. albicans biofilm formation, we performed a large-scale screen with 2,454 C. albicans doxycycline-dependent overexpression strains and identified 16 genes whose overexpression significantly hampered biofilm formation. Among those, overexpression of the ZCF15 and ZCF26 paralogs that encode transcription factors and have orthologs only in biofilm-forming species of the Candida clade, caused impaired biofilm formation both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, overexpression of ZCF15 impeded biofilm formation without any defect in hyphal growth. Transcript profiling, transcription factor binding, and phenotypic microarray analyses conducted upon overexpression of ZCF15 and ZCF26 demonstrated their role in reprogramming cellular metabolism by regulating central metabolism including glyoxylate and tricarboxylic acid cycle genes. Taken together, this study has identified a new set of biofilm regulators, including ZCF15 and ZCF26, that appear to control biofilm development through their specific role in metabolic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Shanker Rai
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Murielle Chauvel
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Hiram Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Lasse van Wijlick
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Maufrais
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Cokelaer
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, Paris, France
| | - Natacha Sertour
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Legrand
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Kaustuv Sanyal
- Molecular Mycology Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake City, Kolkata, India
| | - David R Andes
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sophie Bachellier-Bassi
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Christophe d'Enfert
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
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El-Gazzar N, Elez RMMA, Attia ASA, Abdel-Warith AWA, Darwish MM, Younis EM, Eltahlawi RA, Mohamed KI, Davies SJ, Elsohaby I. Antifungal and antibiofilm effects of probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius, zinc nanoparticles, and zinc nanocomposites against Candida albicans from Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus), water and humans. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1358270. [PMID: 38895734 PMCID: PMC11183309 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1358270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Candida albicans (C. albicans) can form biofilms; a critical virulence factor that provides effective protection from commercial antifungals and contributes to public health issues. The development of new antifungal therapies, particularly those targeting biofilms, is imperative. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the antifungal and antibiofilm effects of Lactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius), zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) and nanocomposites (ZnNCs) on C. albicans isolates from Nile tilapia, fish wash water and human fish sellers in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Methods A cross-sectional study collected 300 samples from tilapia, fish wash water, and fish sellers (100 each). Probiotic L. salivarius was immobilized with ZnNPs to synthesize ZnNCs. The study assessed the antifungal and antibiofilm activities of ZnNPs, L. salivarius, and ZnNCs compared to amphotericin (AMB). Results Candida spp. were detected in 38 samples, which included C. albicans (42.1%), C. glabrata (26.3%), C. krusei (21.1%), and C. parapsilosis (10.5%). A total of 62.5% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antifungal agent, with the highest resistance to nystatin (62.5%). However, 75% of the isolates were highly susceptible to AMB. All C. albicans isolates exhibited biofilm-forming capabilities, with 4 (25%) isolates showing strong biofilm formation. At least one virulence-associated gene (RAS1, HWP1, ALS3, or SAP4) was identified among the C. albicans isolates. Probiotics L. salivarius, ZnNPs, and ZnNCs displayed antibiofilm and antifungal effects against C. albicans, with ZnNCs showing significantly higher inhibitory activity. ZnNCs, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 10 µg/mL, completely reduced C. albicans biofilm gene expression. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy images of C. albicans biofilms treated with ZnNCs revealed asymmetric, wrinkled surfaces, cell deformations, and reduced cell numbers. Conclusion This study identified virulent, resistant C. albicans isolates with strong biofilm-forming abilities in tilapia, water, and humans, that pose significant risks to public health and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa El-Gazzar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha M. M. Abou Elez
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira S. A. Attia
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Manal M. Darwish
- Medical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elsayed M. Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab A. Eltahlawi
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Simon J. Davies
- Aquaculture Nutrition Research Unit ANRU, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ibrahim Elsohaby
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice (OHRP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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4
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Alawadi A, AbdulAzees PA, Lin CY, Haney SJ, Hanlon JP, Angelara K, Taft RM, Amaechi BT. Application of organoselenium in inhibiting Candida albicans biofilm adhesion on 3D printed denture base material. J Prosthodont 2024; 33:460-466. [PMID: 37422719 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Denture Stomatitis, a chronic mucosal inflammation associated with Candida albicans, is common among denture wearers. Several health conditions have been linked to chronic Candida infections. The complex, multifactorial nature of denture stomatitis requires the continuous pursuit of effective long-term solutions. The present in vitro study investigated the effect of incorporating organoselenium into 3D-printed denture base resin on C. albicans adhesion and biofilm formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty disks were fabricated using 3D-printed denture base resin and assigned to three experimental groups (10/group): disks without organoselenium (control), disks with 0.5% organoselenium (0.5%SE), and disks with 1% organoselenium (1%SE). Each disk was incubated with approximately 1 × 106 cells/mL of C. albicans for 48 h. Microbial viability (CFU/mL) was quantified by the spread plate method, while Confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscope were performed for quantifying the biofilm thickness and examining biofilm morphology, respectively. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test. RESULTS CFU/mL was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Control when compared with 0.5%SE and 1%SE, but no significant difference between 0.5%SE and 1%SE. A similar trend was observed with biofilm thickness except that there was no significant difference between the Control and 0.5%SE. There was C. albicans biofilm adhesion on the Control disks, with yeast cells and hyphae formation, whereas on 0.5%SE and 1%SE, there was inhibition of yeast cells transition to hyphae formation. CONCLUSIONS Incorporation of organoselenium into 3D-printed denture base resin was effective in reducing C. albicans biofilm formation and growth on denture base material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alawadi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Parveez Ahmed AbdulAzees
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Chun-Yen Lin
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Family Dentistry and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Stephan J Haney
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - John P Hanlon
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Konstantina Angelara
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Robert M Taft
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Bennett T Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Zhu X, Jin F, Yang G, Zhuang T, Zhang C, Zhou H, Niu X, Wang H, Wu D. Mitochondrial Protease Oct1p Regulates Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Influences Pathogenicity through Affecting Hyphal Growth and Biofilm Formation Activities in Candida albicans. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:391. [PMID: 38921377 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, as the core metabolic organelles, play a crucial role in aerobic respiration/biosynthesis in fungi. Numerous studies have demonstrated a close relationship between mitochondria and Candida albicans virulence and drug resistance. Here, we report an octapeptide-aminopeptidase located in the mitochondrial matrix named Oct1p. Its homolog in the model fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the key proteins in maintaining mitochondrial respiration and protein stability. In this study, we utilized evolutionary tree analysis, gene knockout experiments, mitochondrial function detection, and other methods to demonstrate the impact of Oct1p on the mitochondrial function of C. albicans. Furthermore, through transcriptome analysis, real-time quantitative PCR, and morphological observation, we discovered that the absence of Oct1p results in functional abnormalities in C. albicans, affecting hyphal growth, cell adhesion, and biofilm formation. Finally, the in vivo results of the infection of Galleria mellonella larvae and vulvovaginal candidiasis in mice indicate that the loss of Oct1p led to the decreased virulence of C. albicans. In conclusion, this study provides a solid theoretical foundation for treating Candida diseases, developing new targeted drugs, and serves as a valuable reference for investigating the connection between mitochondria and virulence in other pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Road, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Road, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Guangyuan Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Road, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Tian Zhuang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Road, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Cangcang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Road, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Hanjing Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Road, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xiaojia Niu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Road, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Hongchen Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Road, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Daqiang Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Road, Hefei 230012, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Road, Hefei 230038, China
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Patil SB, Basrani ST, Chougule SA, Gavandi TC, Karuppayil SM, Jadhav AK. Butyl isothiocyanate exhibits antifungal and anti-biofilm activity against Candida albicans by targeting cell membrane integrity, cell cycle progression and oxidative stress. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:251. [PMID: 38727840 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of Candida albicans infection has increased during the past few years, which contributes to the need for new, effective treatments due to the increasing concerns regarding antifungal drug toxicity and multidrug resistance. Butyl isothiocyanate (butylITC) is a glucosinolate derivative, and has shown a significant antifungal effect contrary to Candida albicans. Additionally, how butylITC affects the virulence traits of C. albicans and molecular mode of actions are not well known. Present study shows that at 17.36 mM concentration butylITC inhibit planktonic growth. butylITC initially slowed the hyphal transition at 0.542 mM concentration. butylITC hampered biofilm development, and inhibits biofilm formation at 17.36 mM concentration which was analysed using metabolic assay (XTT assay) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In addition, it was noted that butylITC inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis. The permeability of cell membranes was enhanced by butylITC treatment. Moreover, butylITC arrests cells at S-phase and induces intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulation in C. albicans. The results suggest that butylITC may have a dual mode of action, inhibit virulence factors and modulate cellular processes like inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis, cell cycle arrest, induces ROS production which leads to cell death in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Balasaheb Patil
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Biotechnology Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, 416003, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sargun Tushar Basrani
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Biotechnology Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, 416003, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sayali Ashok Chougule
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Biotechnology Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, 416003, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tanjila Chandsaheb Gavandi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Biotechnology Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, 416003, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sankunny Mohan Karuppayil
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Biotechnology Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, 416003, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ashwini Khanderao Jadhav
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Biotechnology Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, 416003, Maharashtra, India.
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7
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Wu Y, Sun A, Chen F, Zhao Y, Zhu X, Zhang T, Ni G, Wang R. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship and biological evaluation of indole derivatives as anti-Candida albicans agents. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107293. [PMID: 38507998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized a series of indole derivatives to cope with the current increasing fungal infections caused by drug-resistant Candida albicans. All compounds were evaluated for antifungal activities against Candida albicans in vitro, and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) were analyzed. The results indicated that indole derivatives used either alone or in combination with fluconazole showed good activities against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. Further mechanisms studies demonstrated that compound 1 could inhibit yeast-to-hypha transition and biofilm formation of Candida albicans, increase the activity of the efflux pump, the damage of mitochondrial function, and the decrease of intracellular ATP content. In vivo studies, further proved the anti-Candida albicans activity of compound 1 by histological observation. Therefore, compound 1 could be considered as a novel antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandan Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Aimei Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fei Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xianhu Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Tianbao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Guanghui Ni
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Ruirui Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China.
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8
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Cheng W, Li F, Gao Y, Yang R. Fungi and tumors: The role of fungi in tumorigenesis (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:52. [PMID: 38551162 PMCID: PMC10997370 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungi inhabit different anatomic sites in the human body. Advances in omics analyses of host‑microbiome interactions have tremendously improved our understanding of the effects of fungi on human health and diseases such as tumors. Due to the significant enrichment of specific fungi in patients with malignant tumors, the associations between fungi and human cancer have attracted an increasing attention in recent years. Indeed, cancer type‑specific fungal profiles have been found in different tumor tissues. Importantly, fungi also influence tumorigenesis through multiple factors, such as host immunity and bioactive metabolites. Microbiome interactions, host factors and fungal genetic and epigenetic factors could be involved in fungal enrichment in tumor tissues and/or in the conversion from a commensal fungus to a pathogenic fungus. Exploration of the interactions of fungi with the bacterial microbiome and the host may enable them to be a target for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In the present review, the associations between fungi and human cancer, cancer type‑specific fungal profiles and the mechanisms by which fungi cause tumorigenesis were discussed. In addition, possible factors that can lead to the enrichment of fungi in tumor tissues and/or the conversion of commensal fungi to pathogenic fungi, as well as potential therapeutic and preventive strategies for tumors based on intratumoral fungi were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Yunhuan Gao
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
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9
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Ahmady L, Gothwal M, Mukkoli MM, Bari VK. Antifungal drug resistance in Candida: a special emphasis on amphotericin B. APMIS 2024; 132:291-316. [PMID: 38465406 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections in humans caused by several Candida species, increased considerably in immunocompromised or critically ill patients, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Candida albicans is the most prevalent species, although the frequency of these organisms varies greatly according to geographic region. Infections with C. albicans and non-albicans Candida species have become more common, especially in the past 20 years, as a result of aging, immunosuppressive medication use, endocrine disorders, malnourishment, extended use of medical equipment, and an increase in immunogenic diseases. Despite C. albicans being the species most frequently associated with human infections, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei also have been identified. Several antifungal drugs with different modes of action are approved for use in clinical settings to treat fungal infections. However, due to the common eukaryotic structure of humans and fungi, only a limited number of antifungal drugs are available for therapeutic use. Furthermore, drug resistance in Candida species has emerged as a result of the growing use of currently available antifungal drugs against fungal infections. Amphotericin B (AmB), a polyene class of antifungal drugs, is mainly used for the treatment of serious systemic fungal infections. AmB interacts with fungal plasma membrane ergosterol, triggering cellular ion leakage via pore formation, or extracting the ergosterol from the plasma membrane inducing cellular death. AmB resistance is primarily caused by changes in the content or structure of ergosterol. This review summarizes the antifungal drug resistance exhibited by Candida species, with a special focus on AmB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lailema Ahmady
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Manisha Gothwal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | | | - Vinay Kumar Bari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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10
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Arribas V, Monteoliva L, Hernáez ML, Gil C, Molero G. Unravelling the Role of Candida albicans Prn1 in the Oxidative Stress Response through a Proteomics Approach. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:527. [PMID: 38790632 PMCID: PMC11118716 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans Prn1 is a protein with an unknown function similar to mammalian Pirin. It also has orthologues in other pathogenic fungi, but not in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Prn1 highly increases its abundance in response to H2O2 treatment; thus, to study its involvement in the oxidative stress response, a C. albicans prn1∆ mutant and the corresponding wild-type strain SN250 have been studied. Under H2O2 treatment, Prn1 absence led to a higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a lower survival rate, with a higher percentage of death by apoptosis, confirming its relevant role in oxidative detoxication. The quantitative differential proteomics studies of both strains in the presence and absence of H2O2 indicated a lower increase in proteins with oxidoreductase activity after the treatment in the prn1∆ strain, as well as an increase in proteasome-activating proteins, corroborated by in vivo measurements of proteasome activity, with respect to the wild type. In addition, remarkable differences in the abundance of some transcription factors were observed between mutant and wild-type strains, e.g., Mnl1 or Nrg1, an Mnl1 antagonist. orf19.4850, a protein orthologue to S. cerevisiae Cub1, has shown its involvement in the response to H2O2 and in proteasome function when Prn1 is highly expressed in the wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Arribas
- University of Salamanca (USAL), 37008 Salamanca, Spain;
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.); (G.M.)
- Ramon y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Monteoliva
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.); (G.M.)
- Ramon y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Hernáez
- Proteomics Unit, Biological Techniques Center, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Concha Gil
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.); (G.M.)
- Ramon y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Proteomics Unit, Biological Techniques Center, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Gloria Molero
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.); (G.M.)
- Ramon y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Almeida NLM, Peralta LCF, Pontes FML, Rinaldo D, Porto VC, Lara VS. Anti-Candida activity and biocompatibility of silver nanoparticles associated with denture glaze: a new approach to the management of denture stomatitis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024:10.1007/s12223-024-01161-4. [PMID: 38652435 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The association of silver nanoparticles (AgNps) to sealant agent Palaseal® can be a promising alternative for complete denture wearers who may develop denture stomatitis (DS). The study aimed to evaluate the anti-Candida and biocompatible potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized by three routes associated with denture glaze to prevent and/or treat oral candidiasis. Surface acrylic resin specimens were treated with different associations of glaze with AgNps (VER+AgUV, VER+AgTurk and VER+AgGm). As controls, specimens were treated with glaze+nystatin (VER+Nyst), glaze only (VER) or submerged in PBS (PBS). Afterwards, Candida albicans biofilm was developed for 24 h, 15 d and 30 d. Subsequently, the biofilm was quantified by CFU/mL, XTT assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Fibroblasts were submitted to conditioned medium with the same associations for 24, 48 and 72 h and LIVE/DEAD® viability test was carried out. Regardless of the period, there was a significant reduction (p < 0.01) of viable fungal cells load, as well as inhibition of fungal metabolic activity, in specimens treated with glaze+AgNps associations, compared to VER and PBS. The anti-Candida effects of the associations were similar to the VER+Nyst group, with emphasis on VER+AgGm, which showed the highest percentage values of non-viable fungal cells maintained over time. The associations did not prove toxicity to fibroblasts. The AgNps exerted antimicrobial activity against C. albicans biofilms and are biocompatible. The most effective results were achieved with the association of glaze+silver nanoparticles synthesized by the green chemistry method (AgGm), proving to be an innovative alternative in the management of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Lígia Martins Almeida
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Laura Catalí Ferreira Peralta
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Rinaldo
- Department of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Carvalho Porto
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Soares Lara
- Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, 17012-901, Brazil.
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12
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Roberts K, Osme A, De Salvo C, Zoli E, Herrada J, McCormick TS, Ghannoum M, Cominelli F, Di Martino L. Candida tropicalis Affects Candida albicans Virulence by Limiting Its Capacity to Adhere to the Host Intestinal Surface, Leading to Decreased Susceptibility to Colitis in Mice. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:245. [PMID: 38667916 PMCID: PMC11051055 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida (C.) infections represent a serious health risk for people affected by inflammatory bowel disease. An important fungal virulence factor is the capacity of the fungus to form biofilms on the colonized surface of the host. This research study aimed to determine the effect of a C. tropicalis and C. albicans co-infection on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The colitis severity was evaluated using histology and a colonoscopy. The mice were mono-inoculated with C. albicans or C. tropicalis or co-challenged with both species. The mice were administered 3% DSS to induce acute colitis. The biofilm activity was assessed using (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl] 2H-tetrazoliumhydroxide (XTT) and dry-weight assays. The abundance of C. albicans in the colon tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The co-challenged mice showed a decreased colitis severity compared to the mono-inoculated mice. The dry-weight assay demonstrated a marked decrease in C. albicans biofilm production in a C. albicans culture incubated with C. tropicalis supernatant. Immunohistochemical staining showed that C. albicans was more abundant in the mucosa of C. albicans mono-inoculated mice compared to the co-inoculated group. These data indicate an antagonistic microbial interaction between the two Candida species, where C. tropicalis may produce molecules capable of limiting the ability of C. albicans to adhere to the host intestinal surface, leading to a reduction in biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Roberts
- Center for Medical Mycology and Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (K.R.); (J.H.); (T.S.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Abdullah Osme
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Carlo De Salvo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (C.D.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Eleonora Zoli
- Case Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Janet Herrada
- Center for Medical Mycology and Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (K.R.); (J.H.); (T.S.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Thomas S. McCormick
- Center for Medical Mycology and Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (K.R.); (J.H.); (T.S.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Mahmoud Ghannoum
- Center for Medical Mycology and Integrated Microbiome Core, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (K.R.); (J.H.); (T.S.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (C.D.S.); (F.C.)
- Case Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Luca Di Martino
- Case Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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13
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Chuchulska B, Dimitrova M, Vlahova A, Hristov I, Tomova Z, Kazakova R. Comparative Analysis of the Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility between CAD/CAM and Conventional Polymers Applied in Prosthetic Dentistry. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:877. [PMID: 38611135 PMCID: PMC11013798 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Modern media often portray CAD/CAM technology as widely utilized in the fabrication of dental prosthetics. This study presents a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing) polymers and conventional polymers commonly utilized in prosthetic dentistry. With the increasing adoption of CAD/CAM technology in dental laboratories and practices, understanding the differences in material properties is crucial for informed decision-making in prosthodontic treatment planning. Through a narrative review of the literature and empirical data, this study evaluates the mechanical strength, durability, esthetics, and biocompatibility of CAD/CAM polymers in comparison to traditional polymers. Furthermore, it examines the implications of these findings on the clinical outcomes and long-term success of prosthetic restorations. The results provide valuable insights into the advantages and limitations of CAD/CAM polymers, informing clinicians and researchers about their suitability for various dental prosthetic applications. This study underscores the considerable advantages of CAD/CAM polymers over conventional ones in terms of mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and esthetics for prosthetic dentistry. CAD/CAM technology offers improved mechanical strength and durability, potentially enhancing the long-term performance of dental prosthetics, while the biocompatibility of these polymers makes them suitable for a broad patient demographic, reducing the risk of adverse reactions. The practical implications of these findings for dental technicians and dentists are significant, as understanding these material differences enables tailored treatment planning to meet individual patient needs and preferences. Integration of CAD/CAM technology into dental practices can lead to more predictable outcomes and heightened patient satisfaction with prosthetic restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhana Chuchulska
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (I.H.); (Z.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Mariya Dimitrova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (I.H.); (Z.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Angelina Vlahova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (I.H.); (Z.T.); (R.K.)
- CAD/CAM Center of Dental Medicine, Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ilian Hristov
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (I.H.); (Z.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Zlatina Tomova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (I.H.); (Z.T.); (R.K.)
| | - Rada Kazakova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.V.); (I.H.); (Z.T.); (R.K.)
- CAD/CAM Center of Dental Medicine, Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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14
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Chen Y, Gao Y, Li Y, Yin J. Anti-Biofilm Activity of Assamsaponin A, Theasaponin E1, and Theasaponin E2 against Candida albicans. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3599. [PMID: 38612411 PMCID: PMC11011434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Candida albicans and is significantly associated with resistance to antifungal agents. Tea seed saponins, a class of non-ionic triterpenes, have been proven to have fungicidal effects on planktonic C. albicans. However, their anti-biofilm activity and mechanism of action against C. albicans remain unclear. In this study, the effects of three Camellia sinensis seed saponin monomers, namely, theasaponin E1 (TE1), theasaponin E2 (TE2), and assamsaponin A (ASA), on the metabolism, biofilm development, and expression of the virulence genes of C. albicans were evaluated. The results of the XTT reduction assay and crystal violet (CV) staining assay demonstrated that tea seed saponin monomers concentration-dependently suppressed the adhesion and biofilm formation of C. albicans and were able to eradicate mature biofilms. The compounds were in the following order in terms of their inhibitory effects: ASA > TE1 > TE2. The mechanisms were associated with reductions in multiple crucial virulence factors, including cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), adhesion ability, hyphal morphology conversion, and phospholipase activity. It was further demonstrated through qRT-PCR analysis that the anti-biofilm activity of ASA and TE1 against C. albicans was attributed to the inhibition of RAS1 activation, which consequently suppressed the cAMP-PKA and MAPK signaling pathways. Conversely, TE2 appeared to regulate the morphological turnover and hyphal growth of C. albicans via a pathway that was independent of RAS1. These findings suggest that tea seed saponin monomers are promising innovative agents against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
- Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yifan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Junfeng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 South Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China; (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
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15
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Alhajj MN, Halboub E, Yacob N, Al-Maweri SA, Ahmad SF, Celebić A, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Salleh NM. Adhesion of Candida Albicans to digital versus conventional acrylic resins: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:303. [PMID: 38439020 PMCID: PMC10910815 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the available evidence about the adherence of Candida Albicans to the digitally-fabricated acrylic resins (both milled and 3D-printed) compared to the conventional heat-polymerized acrylic resins. METHODS This study followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). A comprehensive search of online databases/search tools (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Ovid, and Google Scholar) was conducted for all relevant studies published up until May 29, 2023. Only in-vitro studies comparing the adherence of Candida albicans to the digital and conventional acrylic resins were included. The quantitative analyses were performed using RevMan v5.3 software. RESULTS Fourteen studies were included, 11 of which were meta-analyzed based on Colony Forming Unit (CFU) and Optical Density (OD) outcome measures. The pooled data revealed significantly lower candida colonization on the milled digitally-fabricated compared to the heat-polymerized conventionally-fabricated acrylic resin materials (MD = - 0.36; 95%CI = - 0.69, - 0.03; P = 0.03 and MD = - 0.04; 95%CI = - 0.06, - 0.01; P = 0.0008; as measured by CFU and OD respectively). However, no differences were found in the adhesion of Candida albicans between the 3D-printed digitally-fabricated compared to the heat-polymerized conventionally-fabricated acrylic resin materials (CFU: P = 0.11, and OD: P = 0.20). CONCLUSION The available evidence suggests that candida is less likely to adhere to the milled digitally-fabricated acrylic resins compared to the conventional ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nasser Alhajj
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Esam Halboub
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Norlela Yacob
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Fauzza Ahmad
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Asja Celebić
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nosizana Mohd Salleh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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16
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Tsopmene UJ, Tokam Kuaté CR, Kayoka-Kabongo PN, Bisso BN, Metopa A, Mofor CT, Dzoyem JP. Antibiofilm Activity of Curcumin and Piperine and Their Synergistic Effects with Antifungals against Candida albicans Clinical Isolates. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:2025557. [PMID: 38449801 PMCID: PMC10917476 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2025557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Background Candidiasis is the common name for diseases caused by yeast of the genus Candida. Candida albicans is one of the most implicated species in superficial and invasive candidiasis. Antifungals, polyenes, and azoles have been used to treat candidiasis. However, due to the development of antifungal resistance, research of natural substances with potential antifungal effects at low concentrations or combined is also a possibility. Methods The broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the antifungal activity. The biofilm formation was assessed using the microtiter plate method. The antibiofilm activities were assessed using micro plaque tetrazolium salt assay (MTT). The combination effect of antifungal with natural substances was made using the checkerboard method. Results Among our isolates, clotrimazole was the most resistant, but amphotericin B was the most effective antifungal. The biofilm was formed by all isolates of C. albicans. Curcumin and piperine displayed antibiofilm activity with minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and minimum eradicating concentration (MBEC) ranging from 64 to 1024 μg/mL and 256 to 2048 μg/mL. In combination, piperine presented double synergistic effects compared to curcumin with all antifungals tested. Curcumin shows more synergistic effect when combined with polyenes than with azoles. However, piperine shows a more synergistic effect when combined with azoles compared to polyenes. Conclusion C. albicans was susceptible to curcumin and piperine both on planktonic cells and biofilm. The combination of curcumin and piperine with antifungals has shown synergistic effects against multiresistant clinical isolates of Candida albicans representing an alternative drug research for the treatment of clinical candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Joël Tsopmene
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Prudence Ngalula Kayoka-Kabongo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Borel Ndezo Bisso
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Anisel Metopa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Clautilde Teugwa Mofor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jean Paul Dzoyem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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17
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Shui Y, Wang H, Chen Y, Hao Y, Li S, Zhang W, Deng B, Li W, Wu P, Li Z. Antifungal efficacy of scorpion derived peptide K1K8 against Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo. Toxicon 2024; 238:107593. [PMID: 38163461 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
As an alternative class of antimicrobial agents, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have gained significant attention. In this study, K1K8, a scorpion AMP derivative, showed effective activity against Candida albicans including clinically resistant strains. K1K8 killed C. albicans cells mainly by damaging the cell membrane and inducing necrosis via an ROS-related pathway. K1K8 could also interact with DNA after damaging the nuclear envelope. Moreover, K1K8 inhibited hyphal development and biofilm formation of C. albicans in a dose-dependent manner. In the mouse skin infection model, K1K8 significantly decreased the counts of C. albicans cells in the infection area. Overall, K1K8 is a potential anti-infective agent against skin infections caused by C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbin Shui
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Huayi Wang
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yunqi Chen
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yixuan Hao
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Shasha Li
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Wenlu Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Bo Deng
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Wanwu Li
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
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18
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Janeczko M, Kochanowicz E, Górka K, Skrzypek T. Quinalizarin as a potential antifungal drug for the treatment of Candida albicans fungal infection in cancer patients. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0365223. [PMID: 38289929 PMCID: PMC10913734 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03652-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the antifungal properties of quinalizarin, a plant-derived compound with proven anticancer effects. Quinalizarin exhibited antifungal activity against opportunistic pathogenic Candida species and Geotrichum capitatum. The treatment with this anthraquinone reduced hyphal growth, inhibited biofilm formation, and damaged mature Candida albicans biofilms. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that quinalizarin downregulated the expression of hyphae-related and biofilm-specific genes. The flow cytometry method used in the study showed that both apoptosis and necrosis were the physiological mechanisms of quinalizarin-induced C. albicans cell death, depending on the dose of the antifungal agent. A further study revealed an increase in the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential after treatment with quinalizarin. Finally, quinalizarin was found to have low toxicity in a hemolytic test using human erythrocytes. In conclusion, we have identified quinalizarin as a potential antifungal compound.IMPORTANCEThis article is a study to determine the antifungal activity of quinalizarin (1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone). Quinalizarin has potential antitumor properties and is effective in different types of tumor cells. The aim of the present study was to prove that quinalizarin can be used simultaneously in the treatment of cancer and in the treatment of intercurrent fungal infections. Quinalizarin was identified as a novel antifungal compound with low toxicity. These results may contribute to the development of a new drug with dual activity in the treatment of cancer-associated candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Janeczko
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kochanowicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamila Górka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skrzypek
- Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Angiolella L, Rojas F, Giammarino A, Bellucci N, Giusiano G. Identification of Virulence Factors in Isolates of Candida haemulonii, Candida albicans and Clavispora lusitaniae with Low Susceptibility and Resistance to Fluconazole and Amphotericin B. Microorganisms 2024; 12:212. [PMID: 38276197 PMCID: PMC10819056 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging life-threatening multidrug-resistant (MDR) species such as the C. haemulonii species complex, Clavispora lusitaniae (sin. C. lusitaniae), and other Candida species are considered as an increasing risk for human health in the near future. (1) Background: Many studies have emphasized that the increase in drug resistance can be associated with several virulence factors in Candida and its knowledge is also essential in developing new antifungal strategies. (2) Methods: Hydrophobicity, adherence, biofilm formation, lipase activity, resistance to osmotic stress, and virulence 'in vivo' on G. mellonella larvae were studied in isolates of C. haemulonii, C. albicans, and C. lusitaniae with low susceptibility and resistance to fluconazole and amphotericin B. (3) Results: Intra- and interspecies variability were observed. C. haemulonii showed high hydrophobicity and the ability to adhere to and form biofilm. C. lusitaniae was less hydrophobic, was biofilm-formation-strain-dependent, and did not show lipase activity. Larvae inoculated with C. albicans isolates displayed significantly higher mortality rates than those infected with C. haemulonii and C. lusitaniae. (4) Conclusions: The ability to adhere to and form biofilms associated with their hydrophobic capacity, to adapt to stress, and to infect within an in vivo model, observed in these non-wild-type Candida and Clavispora isolates, shows their marked virulence features. Since factors that define virulence are related to the development of the resistance of these fungi to the few antifungals available for clinical use, differences in the physiology of these cells must be considered to develop new antifungal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Angiolella
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases “Sapienza”, University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (N.B.)
| | - Florencia Rojas
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Resistencia 3500, Argentina; (F.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Andrea Giammarino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases “Sapienza”, University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicolò Bellucci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases “Sapienza”, University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (N.B.)
| | - Gustavo Giusiano
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Resistencia 3500, Argentina; (F.R.); (G.G.)
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20
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Han D, Ji Y, Yang S, Song P, Shi Y, Shao D, Chen X, Shang L, Shi J, Jiang C. Therapeutic effect of iturin A on Candida albicans oral infection and its pathogenic factors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0094823. [PMID: 38051047 PMCID: PMC10777857 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00948-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is responsible for conditions ranging from superficial infections such as oral or vaginal candidiasis to potentially fatal systemic infections. It produces pathogenic factors contributing to its virulence. Iturin A, a lipopeptide derived from Bacillus sp., exhibits a significant inhibitory effect against C. albicans. However, its exact mechanism in mitigating the pathogenic factors of C. albicans remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to explore the influence of iturin A on several pathogenic attributes of C. albicans, including hypha formation, cell membrane permeability, cell adhesion, biofilm formation, and therapeutic efficacy in an oral C. albicans infection model in mice. The minimal inhibitory concentration of iturin A against C. albicans was determined to be 25 µg/mL in both YEPD and RPMI-1640 media. Iturin A effectively inhibited C. albicans hyphal formation, decreased cell viability within biofilms, enhanced cell membrane permeability, and disrupted cell adhesion in vitro. Nonetheless, iturin A did not significantly affect the phospholipase activity or hydrophobicity of C. albicans. A comparative study with nystatin demonstrated the superior therapeutic efficacy of iturin A in a mouse model of oral C. albicans infection, significantly decreasing C. albicans count and inhibiting both fungal hypha formation and tongue surface adhesion. High-dose iturin A treatment (25 µg/mL) in mice had no significant effects on blood indices, tongue condition, or body weight, indicating the potential for iturin A in managing oral infections. This study confirmed the therapeutic potential of iturin A and provided valuable insights for developing effective antifungal therapies targeting C. albicans pathogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Han
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yulan Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Saixue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Pei Song
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yihong Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xianqing Chen
- School of Medicine, Xi’an International University, Xi’an, China
| | - Li Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Junling Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
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21
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Wu M, Xu X, Hu R, Chen Q, Chen L, Yuan Y, Li J, Zhou L, Feng S, Wang L, Chen S, Gu M. A Membrane-Targeted Photosensitizer Prevents Drug Resistance and Induces Immune Response in Treating Candidiasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207736. [PMID: 37875397 PMCID: PMC10724446 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans), a ubiquitous polymorphic fungus in humans, causes different types of candidiasis, including oral candidiasis (OC) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), which are physically and mentally concerning and financially costly. Thus, developing alternative antifungals that prevent drug resistance and induce immunity to eliminate Candida biofilms is crucial. Herein, a novel membrane-targeted aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizer (PS), TBTCP-QY, is developed for highly efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT) of candidiasis. TBTCP-QY has a high molar absorption coefficient and an excellent ability to generate 1 O2 and •OH, entering the interior of biofilms due to its high permeability. Furthermore, TBTCP-QY can efficiently inhibit biofilm formation by suppressing the expression of genes related to the adhesion (ALS3, EAP1, and HWP1), invasion (SAP1 and SAP2), and drug resistance (MDR1) of C. albicans, which is also advantageous for eliminating potential fungal resistance to treat clinical infectious diseases. TBTCP-QY-mediated PDT efficiently targets OC and VVC in vivo in a mouse model, induces immune response, relieves inflammation, and accelerates the healing of mucosal defects to combat infections caused by clinically isolated fluconazole-resistant strains. Moreover, TBTCP-QY demonstrates excellent biocompatibility, suggesting its potential applications in the clinical treatment of OC and VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Yu Wu
- Department of GastroenterologyMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural DrugsSchool of Life Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduSichuan610031China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Department of GastroenterologyMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of GastroenterologyMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of Respiratory DiseasesThe Research and Application Center of Precision MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450014China
| | - Qingrong Chen
- Department of GastroenterologyMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Luojia Chen
- Department of GastroenterologyMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Yuncong Yuan
- Department of GastroenterologyMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Medical Intensive Care UnitMaternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei ProvinceTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of GastroenterologyMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Shun Feng
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural DrugsSchool of Life Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduSichuan610031China
| | - Lianrong Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of Respiratory DiseasesThe Research and Application Center of Precision MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450014China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of GastroenterologyMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Meijia Gu
- Department of GastroenterologyMinistry of Education Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug DiscoveryTaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversitySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of Respiratory DiseasesThe Research and Application Center of Precision MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450014China
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22
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Phuna ZX, Madhavan P. A reappraisal on amyloid cascade hypothesis: the role of chronic infection in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1071-1089. [PMID: 35282779 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2045290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that accounted for the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population. Lately, 'infection hypothesis' has been proposed where the infection of microbes can lead to the pathogenesis of AD. Among different types of microbes, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), Chlamydia pneumonia, Spirochetes and Candida albicans are frequently detected in the brain of AD patients. Amyloid-beta protein has demonstrated to exhibit antimicrobial properties upon encountering these pathogens. It can bind to microglial cells and astrocytes to activate immune response and neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, HIV-1 and HSV-1 can develop into latency whereas Chlamydia pneumonia, Spirochetes and Candida albicans can cause chronic infections. At this stage, the DNA of microbes remains undetectable yet active. This can act as the prolonged pathogenic stimulus that over-triggers the expression of Aβ-related genes, which subsequently lead to overproduction and deposition of Aβ plaque. This review will highlight the pathogenesis of each of the stated microbial infection, their association in AD pathogenesis as well as the effect of chronic infection in AD progression. Potential therapies for AD by modulating the microbiome have also been suggested. This review will aid in understanding the infectious manifestations of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xin Phuna
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Selangor, Malaysia
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23
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Bravo-Chaucanés CP, Chitiva LC, Vargas-Casanova Y, Diaz-Santoyo V, Hernández AX, Costa GM, Parra-Giraldo CM. Exploring the Potential Mechanism of Action of Piperine against Candida albicans and Targeting Its Virulence Factors. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1729. [PMID: 38136600 PMCID: PMC10742119 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived compounds have proven to be a source of inspiration for new drugs. In this study, piperine isolated from the fruits of Piper nigrum showed anti-Candida activity. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action of piperine and its impact on virulence factors in Candida albicans, which have not been comprehensively understood, were also assessed. Initially, piperine suppressed the hyphal transition in both liquid and solid media, hindered biofilm formation, and resulted in observable cell distortions in scanning electron microscope (SEM) samples, for both fluconazole-sensitive and fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains. Additionally, the morphogenetic switches triggered by piperine were found to rely on the activity of mutant C. albicans strains. Secondly, piperine treatment increased cell membrane permeability and disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, as evidenced by propidium iodine and Rhodamine 123 staining, respectively. Moreover, it induced the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in C. albicans. Synergy was obtained between the piperine and the fluconazole against the fluconazole-sensitive strain. Interestingly, there were no hemolytic effects of piperine, and it resulted in reduced cytotoxicity on fibroblast cells at low concentrations. The results suggest that piperine could have a dual mode of action inhibiting virulence factors and modulating cellular processes, leading to cell death in C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Patricia Bravo-Chaucanés
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, DC, Colombia; (C.P.B.-C.); (Y.V.-C.); (V.D.-S.)
| | - Luis Carlos Chitiva
- Grupo de Investigación Fitoquímica Universidad Javeriana (GIFUJ), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, DC, Colombia; (L.C.C.); (A.X.H.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Yerly Vargas-Casanova
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, DC, Colombia; (C.P.B.-C.); (Y.V.-C.); (V.D.-S.)
| | - Valentina Diaz-Santoyo
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, DC, Colombia; (C.P.B.-C.); (Y.V.-C.); (V.D.-S.)
| | - Andrea Ximena Hernández
- Grupo de Investigación Fitoquímica Universidad Javeriana (GIFUJ), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, DC, Colombia; (L.C.C.); (A.X.H.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Geison M. Costa
- Grupo de Investigación Fitoquímica Universidad Javeriana (GIFUJ), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, DC, Colombia; (L.C.C.); (A.X.H.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Claudia Marcela Parra-Giraldo
- Unidad de Proteómica y Micosis Humanas, Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, DC, Colombia; (C.P.B.-C.); (Y.V.-C.); (V.D.-S.)
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Yu M, Ma D, Eszterhas S, Rollenhagen C, Lee SA. The Early Endocytosis Gene PAL1 Contributes to Stress Tolerance and Hyphal Formation in Candida albicans. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1097. [PMID: 37998902 PMCID: PMC10672141 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocytic and secretory pathways of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans are fundamental to various key cellular processes such as cell growth, cell wall integrity, protein secretion, hyphal formation, and pathogenesis. Our previous studies focused on several candidate genes involved in early endocytosis, including ENT2 and END3, that play crucial roles in such processes. However, much remains to be discovered about other endocytosis-related genes and their contributions toward Candida albicans secretion and virulence. In this study, we examined the functions of the early endocytosis gene PAL1 using a reverse genetics approach based on CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene deletion. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pal1 is a protein in the early coat complex involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis that is later internalized with the coat. The C. albicans pal1Δ/Δ null mutant demonstrated increased resistance to the antifungal agent caspofungin and the cell wall stressor Congo Red. In contrast, the null mutant was more sensitive to the antifungal drug fluconazole and low concentrations of SDS than the wild type (WT) and the re-integrant (KI). While pal1Δ/Δ can form hyphae and a biofilm, under some hyphal-inducing conditions, it was less able to demonstrate filamentous growth when compared to the WT and KI. The pal1Δ/Δ null mutant had no defect in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and there were no changes in virulence-related processes compared to controls. Our results suggest that PAL1 has a role in susceptibility to antifungal agents, cell wall integrity, and membrane stability related to early endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Yu
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
- Medicine Service, White River Junction VA Medical Center, Hartford, VT 05009, USA; (D.M.); (S.E.)
| | - Dakota Ma
- Medicine Service, White River Junction VA Medical Center, Hartford, VT 05009, USA; (D.M.); (S.E.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Susan Eszterhas
- Medicine Service, White River Junction VA Medical Center, Hartford, VT 05009, USA; (D.M.); (S.E.)
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
| | - Christiane Rollenhagen
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
| | - Samuel A. Lee
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
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25
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Mannala GK, Rupp M, Walter N, Scholz KJ, Simon M, Riool M, Alt V. Galleria mellonella as an alternative in vivo model to study implant-associated fungal infections. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2547-2559. [PMID: 37080929 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungal implant-associated bone infections are rare but difficult to treat and often associated with a poor outcome for patients. Candida species account for approximately 90% of all fungal infections. In vivo biofilm models play a major role to study biofilm development and potential new treatment options; however, there are only a very few in vivo models to study fungi-associated biofilms. Furthermore, mammalian infection models are replaced more and more due to ethical restrictions with other alternative models in basic research. Recently, we developed an insect infection model with Galleria mellonella larvae to study biofilm-associated infections with bacteria. Here, we further expanded the G. mellonella model to study in vivo fungal infections using Candida albicans and Candida krusei. We established a planktonic and biofilm-implant model to test different antifungal medication with amphotericin B, fluconazole, and voriconazole against the two species and assessed the fungal biofilm-load on the implant surface. Planktonic infection with C. albicans and C. krusei showed the killing of the G. mellonella larvae at 5 × 105 colony forming units (CFU). Treatment of larvae with antifungal compounds with amphotericin B and fluconazole showed significant survival improvement against planktonic C. albicans infection, but voriconazole had no effect. Titanium and stainless steel K-wires were preincubated with C. albicans and implanted inside the larvae to induce biofilm infection on the implant surface. The survival analysis revealed significantly reduced survival of the larvae with Candida spp. infection compared to noninfected implants. The treatment with antifungal amphotericin B and fluconazole resulted in a slight and nonsignificant improvement survival of the larvae. The treatment with the antifungal compounds in the biofilm-infection model was not as effective as in the planktonic infection model, which highlights the resistance of fungal biofilms to antifungal compounds like in bacterial biofilms. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the formation of a fungal biofilm with hyphae and spores associated with larvae tissue on the implant surface. Thus, our study highlights the use of G. mellonella larvae as alternative in vivo model to study biofilm-associated implant fungal infections and that fungal biofilms exhibit high resistance profiles comparable to bacterial biofilms. The model can be used in the future to test antifungal treatment options for fungal biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopala K Mannala
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Rupp
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nike Walter
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin J Scholz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Simon
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martijn Riool
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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26
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Fatima T, Fatima Z, Hameed S. Abrogation of efflux pump activity, biofilm formation, and immune escape by candidacidal geraniol in emerging superbug, Candida auris. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:881-891. [PMID: 36847907 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, Candida auris emerged as a threatening human fungal pathogen that notably caused outbreaks around the globe with high mortality. Considering C. auris species as newly discovered fungi, the evolutionary features remain elusive. The antifungal resistance which is a norm in C. auris underlines the need for innovative therapeutic options. ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) superfamily efflux pumps overexpression and biofilms are known to be major contributors to multidrug resistance (MDR) in C. auris. Therefore, herein, we investigated the antifungal potential of geraniol (Ger) as a promising natural compound in the fight against MDR C. auris. Our experiments proved that Ger was fungicidal in nature and impaired rhodamine 6G (R6G) efflux, confirming the specific effect on ABC transporters. Kinetic studies unravelled the competitive mode of inhibition by Ger for R6G efflux since the apparent Km increased with no change in Vmax value. Mechanistic insights also revealed that Ger depleted ergosterol content in C. auris. Furthermore, Ger led to inhibition in biofilm formation as evident from crystal violet staining, biofilm metabolic and biomass measurements. Additionally, enhanced survival of Caenorhabditis elegans model after C. auris infection demonstrated the in vivo efficacy of Ger. Lastly, the in vivo efficacy was confirmed from a THP-1 cell line model which depicted enhanced macrophage-mediated killing in the presence of Ger. Modulation of C. auris efflux pump activity and biofilm formation by Ger represents a promising approach to combat MDR. Together, this study demonstrated the potential therapeutic insights of Ger as a promising addition to the antifungal armamentarium required to treat emerging and resistant C. auris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tazeen Fatima
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram (Manesar), - 122413, India
| | - Zeeshan Fatima
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram (Manesar), - 122413, India.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, - 61922, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saif Hameed
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram (Manesar), - 122413, India.
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27
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Yang HY, Shin HH, Kim JW, Seon JK. The fate of fungal periprosthetic joint infection after total knee arthroplasty. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2023; 47:2727-2735. [PMID: 37542541 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-023-05895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the clinical outcomes of patients with fungal periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) after two-stage exchange arthroplasty combined with antifungal therapy. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of 41 patients with fungal PJIs after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in a single centre from January 1999 to October 2017. During the first stage of resection arthroplasty, antifungal-impregnated cement spacers (AICSs) were implanted in all patients. After systemic antifungal treatment during the interval between the two surgeries, delayed reimplantation as part of a two-stage exchange protocol was performed when patients were clinically stable. We defined treatment success as a well-functioning arthroplasty without any signs of PJI after a minimum follow-up of two years without antimicrobial suppression. Successful treatment was confirmed by repeat negative cultures as well as a return of inflammatory markers to normal levels. RESULTS The treatment success rate was 63.4% at the final follow-up. Thirty-six of 41 patients (87.8%) met the criteria for second-stage revision after confirmation of complete infection control. The mean prosthesis-free interval was 6.6 months (range, 2.0-30.0 months). During follow-up after two-stage exchange arthroplasty, ten patients (27.7% of 36 patients) unfortunately experienced recurrence or relapse of infection after an average of 31.3 months (range, 2.7-135.6 months). The rate of survivorship free from reinfection was 94.4% at six months, 84.8% at one year, and 73.6% at two years. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis demonstrated that the prosthesis-free interval (HR = 1.016, p = 0.037) and mean length of antifungal treatment (HR = 0.226, p = 0.046) were potential risk factors for failure. CONCLUSION Fungal PJIs led to devastating clinical outcomes despite even two-stage revision arthroplasty with the use of AICSs and antifungal medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yeol Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 322, Seoyang-ro, 58128, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 322, Seoyang-ro, 58128, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 322, Seoyang-ro, 58128, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Keun Seon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, 322, Seoyang-ro, 58128, Hwasun, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Huq MA, Khan AA, Alshehri JM, Rahman MS, Balusamy SR, Akter S. Bacterial mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial and antifungal activities against drug-resistant pathogens. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230796. [PMID: 37885988 PMCID: PMC10598446 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
In the healthcare sector, the production of bioactive silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with antimicrobial properties is of great importance. In this study, a novel bacterial strain, Paenibacillus sp. MAHUQ-63, was identified as a potential candidate for facile and rapid biosynthesis of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were used to control the growth of human pathogens, Salmonella Enteritidis and Candida albicans. The bacterial culture supernatant was used to synthesize the nanoparticles (NPs). Field emission transmission electron microscope examination showed spherical-shaped NPs with 15-55 nm in size. Fourier transform-infrared analysis identified various functional groups. The synthesized AgNPs demonstrated remarkable activity against S. Enteritidis and C. albicans. The zones of inhibition for 100 µl (0.5 mg ml-1) of AgNPs against S. Enteritidis and C. albicans were 18.0 ± 1.0 and 19.5 ± 1.3 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were 25.0 and 12.5 µg ml-1 against S. Enteritidis and C. albicans, respectively. Additionally, the minimum bactericidal concentrations were 25.0 µg ml-1 against both pathogenic microbes. The field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the treatment of AgNPs caused morphological and structural damage to both S. Enteritidis and C. albicans. Therefore, these AgNPs can be used as a new and effective antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Amdadul Huq
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resource, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamilah M. Alshehri
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Shahedur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Sri Renukadevi Balusamy
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Shahina Akter
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea
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Mokoena NZ, Steyn H, Hugo A, Dix-Peek T, Dickens C, Gcilitshana OMN, Sebolai O, Albertyn J, Pohl CH. Eicosapentaenoic acid influences the pathogenesis of Candida albicans in Caenorhabditis elegans via inhibition of hyphal formation and stimulation of the host immune response. Med Microbiol Immunol 2023; 212:349-368. [PMID: 37672050 PMCID: PMC10501937 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-023-00777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), is associated with health benefits due to its anti-inflammatory properties. This fatty acid also exhibits antifungal properties in vitro. In order to determine if this antifungal property is valid in vivo, we examined how EPA affects Candida albicans pathogenesis in the Caenorhabditis elegans infection model, an alternative to mammalian host models. The nematodes were supplemented with EPA prior to infection, and the influence of EPA on C. elegans lipid metabolism, survival and immune response was studied. In addition, the influence of EPA on hyphal formation in C. albicans was investigated. It was discovered that EPA supplementation changed the lipid composition, but not the unsaturation index of C. elegans by regulating genes involved in fatty acid and eicosanoid production. EPA supplementation also delayed killing of C. elegans by C. albicans due to the inhibition of hyphal formation in vivo, via the action of the eicosanoid metabolite of EPA, 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Moreover, EPA supplementation also caused differential expression of biofilm-related gene expression in C. albicans and stimulated the immune response of C. elegans. This provides a link between EPA and host susceptibility to microbial infection in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Z Mokoena
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - H Steyn
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - A Hugo
- Department of Animal Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - T Dix-Peek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - C Dickens
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - O M N Gcilitshana
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - O Sebolai
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - J Albertyn
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - C H Pohl
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
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30
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Yan Z, Huang Y, Zhao D, Li Z, Wang X, Guo M, Wei Y, Wang Y, Mou Y, Hou Z, Guo C. Developing Novel Coumarin-Containing Azoles Antifungal Agents by the Scaffold Merging Strategy for Treating Azole-Resistant Candidiasis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13247-13265. [PMID: 37725043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of antifungal drugs has resulted in severe drug resistance, making clinical treatment of fungal infections more difficult. Biofilm inhibitors can overcome drug resistance by inhibiting fungal biofilm formation. In this study, some coumarins with antibiofilm activity were merged into CYP51 inhibitors to produce novel molecules possessing potent antiresistance activity. As expected, most compounds exhibited excellent in vitro antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi, especially fluconazole-resistant candidiasis. Then, their mechanism was confirmed by sterol composition analysis and morphological observation. Biofilm inhibition and down-regulation of resistance-related genes were employed to confirm the compounds' antiresistance mechanisms. Significantly, compound A32 demonstrated fungicidal activity against fluconazole-resistant strain 904. Most importantly, compound A32 showed potent in vivo antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi and fluconazole-resistant strains. Preliminary pharmacokinetic and toxicity tests demonstrated that the compounds possessed favorable druggability. Taken together, compound A32 represents a promising lead to develop novel antifungal agents for treating azole-resistant candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzuo Yan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanxiu Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dongze Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zengye Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mengbi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanhua Mou
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhuang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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31
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Rook GAW. The old friends hypothesis: evolution, immunoregulation and essential microbial inputs. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1220481. [PMID: 37772259 PMCID: PMC10524266 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1220481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In wealthy urbanised societies there have been striking increases in chronic inflammatory disorders such as allergies, autoimmunity and inflammatory bowel diseases. There has also been an increase in the prevalence of individuals with systemically raised levels of inflammatory biomarkers correlating with increased risk of metabolic, cardiovascular and psychiatric problems. These changing disease patterns indicate a broad failure of the mechanisms that should stop the immune system from attacking harmless allergens, components of self or gut contents, and that should terminate inappropriate inflammation. The Old Friends Hypothesis postulates that this broad failure of immunoregulation is due to inadequate exposures to the microorganisms that drive development of the immune system, and drive the expansion of components such as regulatory T cells (Treg) that mediate immunoregulatory mechanisms. An evolutionary approach helps us to identify the organisms on which we are in a state of evolved dependence for this function (Old Friends). The bottom line is that most of the organisms that drive the regulatory arm of the immune system come from our mothers and family and from the natural environment (including animals) and many of these organisms are symbiotic components of a healthy microbiota. Lifestyle changes that are interrupting our exposure to these organisms can now be identified, and many are closely associated with low socioeconomic status (SES) in wealthy countries. These insights will facilitate the development of education, diets and urban planning that can correct the immunoregulatory deficit, while simultaneously reducing other contributory factors such as epithelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A. W. Rook
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Department of Infection, UCL (University College London), London, United Kingdom
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32
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Das A, Patro S, Simnani FZ, Singh D, Sinha A, Kumari K, Rao PV, Singh S, Kaushik NK, Panda PK, Suar M, Verma SK. Biofilm modifiers: The disparity in paradigm of oral biofilm ecosystem. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114966. [PMID: 37269809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A biofilm is a population of sessile microorganisms that has a distinct organized structure and characteristics like channels and projections. Good oral hygiene and reduction in the prevalence of periodontal diseases arise from minimal biofilm accumulation in the mouth, however, studies focusing on modifying the ecology of oral biofilms have not yet been consistently effective. The self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances and greater antibiotic resistance make it difficult to target and eliminate biofilm infections, which lead to serious clinical consequences that are often lethal. Therefore, a better understanding is required to target and modify the ecology of biofilms in order to eradicate the infection, not only in instances of oral disorders but also in terms of nosocomial infections. The review focuses on several biofilm ecology modifiers to prevent biofilm infections, as well as the involvement of biofilm in antibiotic resistance, implants or in-dwelling device contamination, dental caries, and other periodontal disorders. It also discusses recent advances in nanotechnology that may lead to novel strategies for preventing and treating infections caused by biofilms as well as a novel outlook to infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antarikshya Das
- KIIT School of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Swadheena Patro
- KIIT School of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India.
| | | | - Dibyangshee Singh
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Adrija Sinha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Khushbu Kumari
- KIIT School of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Patnala Vedika Rao
- KIIT School of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Sarita Singh
- BVG Life Sciences Limited, Sagar Complex, Old Pune-Mumbai Road, Chinchwad, Pune 411034, India
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- KIIT School of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India.
| | - Suresh K Verma
- KIIT School of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India.
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33
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Zore G, Abdulghani M, Kazi R, Shelar A, Patil R. Proteomic dataset of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) Biofilm. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:155. [PMID: 37491288 PMCID: PMC10369833 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The ability to form biofilm is considered as one of major virulence factors of Candida albicans, as biofilms form growth confers antifungal resistance and facilitate immune evasion. It is intriguing to understand morphophysiological modulations in the C. albicans cells growing under biofilm form growth. DATA DESCRIPTION In present study, we have profiled biofilm-specific proteins using LC-MS/MS analysis. Whole cell proteins of C. albicans cells grown under biofilm form growth (test) and planktonic (control) growth for 24 h were extracted, digested and identified using micro-Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The present data represents proteomic profile (SWATH Spectral Libraries) of C. albicans biofilm intended to be useful to scientific community as it exhibits reuse potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajanan Zore
- School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, MS, 431606, India
| | - Mazen Abdulghani
- School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, MS, 431606, India.
| | - Rubina Kazi
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-NCL, Pune-8, Pune, MS, India
| | - Amruta Shelar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MS, 411007, India
| | - Rajendra Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MS, 411007, India
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34
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Salvi GE, Roccuzzo A, Imber JC, Stähli A, Klinge B, Lang NP. Clinical periodontal diagnosis. Periodontol 2000 2023. [PMID: 37452444 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases include pathological conditions elicited by the presence of bacterial biofilms leading to a host response. In the diagnostic process, clinical signs such as bleeding on probing, development of periodontal pockets and gingival recessions, furcation involvement and presence of radiographic bone loss should be assessed prior to periodontal therapy, following active therapy, and during long-term supportive care. In addition, patient-reported outcomes such as increased tooth mobility, migration, and tilting should also be considered. More important to the patient, however, is the fact that assessment of signs of periodontal diseases must be followed by an appropriate treatment plan. Furthermore, it should be realized that clinical and radiographic periodontal diagnosis is based on signs which may not reflect the presence of active disease but rather represent the sequelae of a previous bacterial challenge. Hence, the aim of the present review is to provide a summary of clinical and radiographic diagnostic criteria required to classify patients with periodontal health or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni E Salvi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Roccuzzo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Imber
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Stähli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Björn Klinge
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklaus P Lang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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35
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Li F, Gao Y, Cheng W, Su X, Yang R. Gut fungal mycobiome: A significant factor of tumor occurrence and development. Cancer Lett 2023; 569:216302. [PMID: 37451425 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
A variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protists, archaea and protozoa coexists within the mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract such as that fungi are detectable in all intestinal and colon segments in almost all healthy adults. Although fungi can cause infectious diseases, they are also related to gut and systemic homeostasis. Importantly, through transformation of different forms such as from yeast to hyphae, interaction among gut microbiota such as fungal and bacterial interaction, host factors such as immune and host derived factors, and fungus genetic and epigenetic factors, fungi can be transformed from commensal into pathogenic lifestyles. Recent studies have shown that fungi play a significant role in the occurrence and development of tumors such as colorectal cancer. Indeed, evidences have shown that multiple species of different fungi exist in different tumors. Studies have also demonstrated that fungi are related to the occurrence and development of tumors, and also survival of patients. Here we summarize recent advances in the transformation of fungi from commensal into pathogenic lifestyles, and the effects of gut pathogenic fungi on the occurrence and development of tumors such as colorectal and pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yunhuan Gao
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wenyue Cheng
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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36
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Kumar D, Kumar A. Molecular Determinants Involved in Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Regulation. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00796-x. [PMID: 37410258 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is known for its pathogenicity, although it lives within the human body as a commensal member. The commensal nature of C. albicans is well controlled and regulated by the host's immune system as they live in the harmonized microenvironment. However, the development of certain unusual microhabitat conditions (change in pH, co-inhabiting microorganisms' population ratio, debilitated host-immune system) pokes this commensal fungus to transform into a pathogen in such a way that it starts to propagate very rapidly and tries to breach the epithelial barrier to enter the host's systemic circulations. In addition, Candida is infamous as a major nosocomial (hospital-acquired infection) agent because it enters the human body through venous catheters or medical prostheses. The hysterical mode of C. albicans growth builds its microcolony or biofilm, which is pathogenic for the host. Biofilms propose additional resistance mechanisms from host immunity or extracellular chemicals to aid their survival. Differential gene expressions and regulations within the biofilms cause altered morphology and metabolism. The genes associated with adhesiveness, hyphal/pseudo-hyphal growth, persister cell transformation, and biofilm formation by C. albicans are controlled by myriads of cell-signaling regulators. These genes' transcription is controlled by different molecular determinants like transcription factors and regulators. Therefore, this review has focused discussion on host-immune-sensing molecular determinants of Candida during biofilm formation, regulatory descriptors (secondary messengers, regulatory RNAs, transcription factors) of Candida involved in biofilm formation that could enable small-molecule drug discovery against these molecular determinants, and lead to disrupt the well-structured Candida biofilms effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India.
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37
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do Nascimento FB, Valente Sá LG, de Andrade Neto JB, Sampaio LS, Queiroz HA, Silva LJ, Cabral VP, Rodrigues DS, Pereira SC, Cavalcanti BC, Silva J, Marinho ES, Santos HS, Moraes MO, Nobre Júnior HV, Silva CR. Synergistic effect of hydralazine associated with triazoles on Candida spp. in planktonic cells. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:661-672. [PMID: 37540106 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the antifungal activity of hydralazine hydrochloride alone and in synergy with azoles against Candida spp. and the action mechanism. Methods: We used broth microdilution assays to determine the MIC, checkerboard assays to investigate synergism, and flow cytometry and molecular docking tests to ascertain action mechanism. Results: Hydralazine alone had antifungal activity in the range of 16-128 μg/ml and synergistic effect with itraconazole versus 100% of the fungal isolates, while there was synergy with fluconazole against 11.11% of the isolates. There was molecular interaction with the receptors exo-B(1,3)-glucanase and CYP51, causing reduced cell viability and DNA damage. Conclusion: Hydralazine is synergistic with itraconazole and triggers cell death of Candida spp. at low concentrations, demonstrating antifungal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Bsa do Nascimento
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Lívia Ga Valente Sá
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
- Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, Ceará, 60190-180, Brazil
| | - João B de Andrade Neto
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
- Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, Ceará, 60190-180, Brazil
| | - Letícia S Sampaio
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Helaine A Queiroz
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Lisandra J Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Vitória Pf Cabral
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Rodrigues
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Sidsayde C Pereira
- Hospital Dr. Carlos Alberto Studart, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60840-285, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Cavalcanti
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Jacilene Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Theoretical Chemistry & Electrochemistry (GQTE), State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, 62930-000, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel S Marinho
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Theoretical Chemistry & Electrochemistry (GQTE), State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, 62930-000, Brazil
| | - Helcio S Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Theoretical Chemistry & Electrochemistry (GQTE), State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, 62930-000, Brazil
| | - Manoel O Moraes
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Hélio V Nobre Júnior
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Cecília R Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-160, Brazil
- Drug Research & Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
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38
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Dos Santos Freire FM, Marques LC, da Silva NC, Cunha KS, Conde DC, Milagres A, Gonçalves LS, Junior AS. Oral candidiasis in patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit: Diagnosis through clinical and cytopathological examinations. Cytopathology 2023; 34:353-360. [PMID: 37114365 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence and clinical aspects of oral candidiasis in patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit. METHODS This is a longitudinal and prospective study that included 48 participants hospitalised in the intensive care unit. Sociodemographic data, presence of systemic disorders, use of medications, laboratory tests, cause of hospital admission, type of breathing, and length of hospital stay were obtained from medical records. Oral clinical inspection and cytopathological examinations were performed on all participants. The diagnosis of clinical candidiasis was based on the presence of clinical alterations together with positive cytopathological examination results. The diagnosis of subclinical candidiasis was based on the absence of clinical lesions and a positive cytopathological examination. The absence of oral candidiasis was considered when the participant did not present oral lesions and had a negative cytopathological examination. RESULTS Clinical candidiasis was present in 18.8% of the 48 participants, and 45.8% of them had the subclinical form. Levels of urea (P = 0.005), creatinine (P = 0.009), haemoglobin (P = 0.009), haematocrit (P = 0.011), bands (P = 0.024), international normalised ratio (INR; P = 0.034), types of breathing (P = 0.017), length of hospital stay (P = 0.037), and outcome (P = 0.014) demonstrated statistically significant differences between the groups with and without oral candidiasis. CONCLUSIONS Clinical and subclinical forms of oral candidiasis are frequent in intensive care unit patients. Levels of urea, creatinine, haemoglobin, haematocrit, bands, INR, type of breathing, length of hospital stay, and outcome can be associated with the presence of candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Letícia Côgo Marques
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Natasha Camargo da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Karin Soares Cunha
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Danielle Castex Conde
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Adrianna Milagres
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Souza Gonçalves
- Postgraduation Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arley Silva Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
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Madaan K, Bari VK. Emerging Role of Sphingolipids in Amphotericin B Drug Resistance. Microb Drug Resist 2023. [PMID: 37327022 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2022.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections in humans are common in people with compromised immune systems and are difficult to treat, resulting in high mortality. Amphotericin B (AmB) is one of the main antifungal drugs available to treat these infections. AmB binds with plasma membrane ergosterol, causing leakage of cellular ions and promoting cell death. The increasing use of available antifungal drugs to combat pathogenic fungal infections has led to the development of drug resistance. AmB resistance is not very common and is usually caused by changes in the amount or type of ergosterol or changes in the cell wall. Intrinsic AmB resistance occurs in the absence of AmB exposure, whereas acquired AmB resistance can develop during treatment. However, clinical resistance arises due to treatment failure with AmB and depends on multiple factors such as the pharmacokinetics of AmB, infectious fungal species, and host immune status. Candida albicans is a common opportunistic pathogen that can cause superficial infections of the skin and mucosal surfaces, thrush, to life-threatening systemic or invasive infections. In addition, immunocompromised individuals are more susceptible to systemic infections caused by Candida, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus. Several antifungal drugs with different modes of action are used to treat systemic to invasive fungal infections and are approved for clinical use in the treatment of fungal diseases. However, C. albicans can develop a variety of defenses against antifungal medications. In fungi, plasma membrane sphingolipid molecules could interact with ergosterol, which can lead to the alteration of drug susceptibilities such as AmB. In this review, we mainly summarize the role of sphingolipid molecules and their regulators in AmB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashish Madaan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Bari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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Spaggiari L, Squartini Ramos GB, Squartini Ramos CA, Ardizzoni A, Pedretti N, Blasi E, De Seta F, Pericolini E. Anti- Candida and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of a Vaginal Gel Formulation: Novel Data Concerning Vaginal Infection and Dysbiosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1551. [PMID: 37375053 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaginal ecosystem is a unique environment where, in physiological conditions, lactobacilli dominate. However, pathogenic microbial species responsible for vaginitis and vaginosis can also harbor vaginal microbiota. To extend our previously published data, we analyzed here both the anti-Candida and anti-inflammatory properties of the vaginal gel formulation, Respecta® Balance Gel (RBG), commercialized as an adjuvant to treat vaginitis and vaginosis. We evaluated its activity by an in vitro model where a monolayer of A-431 vaginal epithelial cells was infected by Candida albicans in the presence of RBG or the placebo formulation (pRBG). Specifically, we tested the RBG capacity to counteract C. albicans virulence factors and their anti-inflammatory properties. Our results show that, unlike the placebo, RBG reduces C. albicans adhesion, its capacity to form hyphae and C. albicans-induced vaginal cell damage. Interestingly, both RBG and pRBG reduce LPS-induced IL-8 secretion (with RBG being the most effective), demonstrating that also the placebo retains anti-inflammatory properties. From our experimental approach, we highlighted the possible role of farnesol on such effects, but we would like to point out that lactic acid, polydextrose and glycogen too must be relevant in the actual application. In summary, our results show that RBG impairs C. albicans virulence and is able to reduce the inflammation in the vaginal environment, ultimately allowing the establishment of a balanced vaginal ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Spaggiari
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Ph.D. Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Gianfranco B Squartini Ramos
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Caterina A Squartini Ramos
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Natalia Pedretti
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Blasi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco De Seta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Eva Pericolini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Feng W, Yang J, Ma Y, Zhang L, Yin R, Qiao Z, Ji Y, Zhou Y. Relationships between Secreted Aspartyl Proteinase 2 and General Control Nonderepressible 4 gene in the Candida albicans resistant to itraconazole under planktonic and biofilm conditions. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:619-627. [PMID: 37087512 PMCID: PMC10235319 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the roles of SAP2 and GCN4 in itraconazole (ITR) resistance of C. albicans under different conditions, and their correlations. A total of 20 clinical strains of C. albicans, including 10 ITR resistant strains and 10 sensitive strains, were used. Then, SAP2 sequencing and GCN4 sequencing were performed, and the biofilm formation ability of different C. albicans strains was determined. Finally, real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure the expression of SAP2 and GCN4 in C. albicans under planktonic and biofilm conditions, as well as their correlation was also analyzed. No missense mutations and three synonymous mutation sites, including T276A, G543A, and A675C, were found in SAP2 sequencing. GCN4 sequencing showed one missense mutation site (A106T (T36S)) and six synonymous mutation sites (A147C, C426T, T513C, T576A, G624A and C732T). The biofilm formation ability of drug-resistant C. albicans strains was significantly higher than that of sensitive strains (P < 0.05). Additionally, SAP2 and GCN4 were up-regulated in the ITR-resistant strains, and were both significantly higher in C. albicans under biofilm condition. The mRNA expression levels of SAP2 and GCN4 had significantly positive correlation. The higher expression levels of SAP2 and GCN4 were observed in the ITR-resistant strains of C. albicans under planktonic and biofilm conditions, as well as there was a positive correlation between SAP2 and GCN4 mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Feng
- The Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, NO.382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- The Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, NO.382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yan Ma
- The Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, NO.382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Luwen Zhang
- The Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, NO.382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Rong Yin
- The Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, NO.382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Zusha Qiao
- The Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, NO.382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Ji
- The Department of Bluttranfusion, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yong'an Zhou
- The Department of Bluttranfusion, The Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
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Abreu-Pereira CA, Gorayb-Pereira AL, Menezes Noveletto JV, Jordão CC, Pavarina AC. Zerumbone Disturbs the Extracellular Matrix of Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans Biofilms. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050576. [PMID: 37233287 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of zerumbone (ZER) against fluconazole-resistant (CaR) and -susceptible Candida albicans (CaS) biofilms and verified the influence of ZER on extracellular matrix components. Initially, to determine the treatment conditions, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) and the survival curve were evaluated. Biofilms were formed for 48 h and exposed to ZER at concentrations of 128 and 256 µg/mL for 5, 10 and 20 min (n = 12). One group of biofilms did not receive the treatment in order to monitor the effects. The biofilms were evaluated to determine the microbial population (CFU/mL), and the extracellular matrix components (water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP), alkali-soluble polysaccharides (ASPs), proteins and extracellular DNA (eDNA), as well as the biomass (total and insoluble) were quantified. The MIC value of ZER for CaS was 256 μg/mL, and for CaR, it was 64 μg/mL. The survival curve and the MFC value coincided for CaS (256 μg/mL) and CaR (128 μg/mL). ZER reduced the cellular viability by 38.51% for CaS and by 36.99% for CaR. ZER at 256 µg/mL also reduced the total biomass (57%), insoluble biomass (45%), WSP (65%), proteins (18%) and eDNA (78%) of CaS biofilms. In addition, a reduction in insoluble biomass (13%), proteins (18%), WSP (65%), ASP (10%) and eDNA (23%) was also observed in the CaR biofilms. ZER was effective against fluconazole-resistant and -susceptible C. albicans biofilms and disturbed the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Augusto Abreu-Pereira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Gorayb-Pereira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil
| | - João Vinícius Menezes Noveletto
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Carolina Jordão
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil
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Wijaya M, Halleyantoro R, Kalumpiu JF. Biofilm: The invisible culprit in catheter-induced candidemia. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:467-485. [PMID: 37649801 PMCID: PMC10462453 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidemia is the most common form of invasive fungal infection associated with several risk factors, and one of them is the use of medical devices, to which microbial biofilms can attach. Candidemia related to the use of peripheral intravascular and central venous catheters (CVC) is referred to as Candida catheter-related bloodstream infection, with more than 90% being related to CVC usage. The infection is associated with a higher morbidity and mortality rate than nosocomial bacterial infections. Candida spp. can protect themselves from the host immune system and antifungal drugs because of the biofilm structure, which is potentiated by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis are the most pathogenic species often found to form biofilms associated with catheter usage. Biofilm formation of C. albicans includes four mechanisms: attachment, morphogenesis, maturation and dispersion. The biofilms formed between C. albicans and non-albicans spp. differ in ECM structure and composition and are associated with the persistence of colonization to infection for various catheter materials and antifungal resistance. Efforts to combat Candida spp. biofilm formation on catheters are still challenging because not all patients, especially those who are critically ill, can be recommended for catheter removal; also to be considered are the characteristics of the biofilm itself, which readily colonizes the permanent medical devices used. The limited choice and increasing systemic antifungal resistance also make treating it more difficult. Hence, alternative strategies have been developed to manage Candida biofilm. Current options for prevention or therapy in combination with systemic antifungal medications include lock therapy, catheter coating, natural peptide products and photodynamic inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiliyana Wijaya
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ryan Halleyantoro
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Jane Florida Kalumpiu
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Banten, Indonesia
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44
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Jusuf S, Zhan Y, Zhang M, Alexander NJ, Viens A, Mansour MK, Cheng JX. Blue Light Deactivation of Catalase Suppresses Candida Hyphae Development Through Lipogenesis Inhibition. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:936-946. [PMID: 36117418 DOI: 10.1111/php.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyphae formation is a key step for fungal penetration into epithelial cells and escaping from macrophages or neutrophils. We found that 405 nm light-induced catalase deactivation results in the inhibition of hyphae growth in Candida albicans. The treatment is capable of inhibiting hyphae growth across multiple hyphae-producing Candida species. Metabolic studies on light-treated C. albicans reveal that light treatment results in a strong reduction in both lipid and protein metabolism. A significant decrease in unsaturated and saturated fatty acids was detected through mass spectroscopy, indicating that the suppression of hyphae through light-induced catalase deactivation may occur through inhibition of lipid metabolism. Initial in vivo tests indicate that blue light treatment can suppress the hyphae forming capabilities of C. albicans within murine abrasion infections. Together, these findings open new avenues for the treatment of Candida fungal infections by targeting their dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Jusuf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Yuewei Zhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Adam Viens
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Michael K Mansour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA
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45
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Sharma A, Solis NV, Huang MY, Lanni F, Filler SG, Mitchell AP. Hgc1 Independence of Biofilm Hyphae in Candida albicans. mBio 2023; 14:e0349822. [PMID: 36779720 PMCID: PMC10128054 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03498-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm and hypha formation are central to virulence of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. The G1 cyclin gene HGC1 is required for hypha formation under diverse in vitro and in vivo growth conditions. Hgc1 is required for disseminated infection and is a linchpin in the argument that hyphal morphogenesis itself is required for pathogenicity. We report here that HGC1 is dispensable for hypha formation during biofilm formation both in vitro, under strong inducing conditions, and in vivo, in a mouse oropharyngeal candidiasis model. These findings are validated with two or more C. albicans isolates. Systematic screening of overexpressed cyclin genes indicates that CCN1 and CLN3 can compensate partially for Hgc1 function during biofilm growth. This conclusion is also supported by the severity of the hgc1Δ/Δ ccn1Δ/Δ double mutant biofilm defect. Our results suggest that hypha formation in biofilm is accomplished by combined action of multiple cyclins, not solely by Hgc1. IMPORTANCE The HGC1 gene encodes a cyclin that is required for virulence of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. It is required to produce the elongated hyphal filaments of free-living planktonic cells that are associated with virulence. Here, we show that HGC1 is not required to produce hyphae in the alternative growth form of a biofilm community. We observe Hgc1-independent hyphae in two infection-relevant situations, biofilm growth in vitro and biofilm-like oropharyngeal infection. Our analysis suggests that hypha formation in the biofilm state reflects combined action of multiple cyclins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Norma V. Solis
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Manning Y. Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frederick Lanni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott G. Filler
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aaron P. Mitchell
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kulshrestha A, Gupta P. Secreted aspartyl proteases family: a perspective review on the regulation of fungal pathogenesis. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:295-309. [PMID: 37097060 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted aspartyl proteases (SAPs) are important enzymes for fungal pathogenicity, playing a significant role in infection and survival. This article provides insight into how SAPs facilitate the transformation of yeast cells into hyphae and engage in biofilm formation, invasion and degradation of host cells and proteins. SAPs and their isoenzymes are prevalent during fungal infections, making them a potential target for antifungal and antibiofilm therapies. By targeting SAPs, critical stages of fungal pathogenesis such as adhesion, hyphal development, biofilm formation, host invasion and immune evasion can potentially be disrupted. Developing therapies that target SAPs could provide an effective treatment option for a wide range of fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Kulshrestha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, 492010, India
| | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, 492010, India
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Silvestre ALP, Dos Santos AM, de Oliveira AB, Ferrisse TM, Brighenti FL, Meneguin AB, Chorilli M. Evaluation of photodynamic therapy on nanoparticles and films loaded-nanoparticles based on chitosan/alginate for curcumin delivery in oral biofilms. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124489. [PMID: 37076077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles and nanoparticle-loaded films based on chitosan/sodium alginate with curcumin (CUR) are promising strategies to improve the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for the treatment of oral biofilms. This work aimed to develop and evaluate the nanoparticles based on chitosan and sodium alginate encapsulated with CUR dispersed in polymeric films associated with aPDT in oral biofilms. The NPs were obtained by polyelectrolytic complexation, and the films were prepared by solvent evaporation. The photodynamic effect was evaluated by counting Colony Forming Units (CFU/mL). Both systems showed adequate characterization parameters for CUR release. Nanoparticles controlled the release of CUR for a longer period than the nanoparticle-loaded films in simulated saliva media. Control and CUR-loaded nanoparticles showed a significant reduction of 3 log10 CFU/mL against S. mutans biofilms, compared to treatment without light. However, biofilms of S. mutans showed no photoinactivation effect using films loaded with nanoparticles even in the presence of light. These results demonstrate the potential of chitosan/sodium alginate nanoparticles associated with aPDT as carriers for the oral delivery of CUR, offering new possibilities to improve the treatment of dental caries and infections. This work will contribute to advances in the search for innovative delivery systems in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Letícia Polli Silvestre
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Aline Martins Dos Santos
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Analú Barros de Oliveira
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, 14801-385 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Túlio Morandin Ferrisse
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, 14801-385 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lourenção Brighenti
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, 14801-385 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil.
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Salami A, Bettadapura S, Wang S. Gasdermin D kills bacteria. Microbiol Res 2023; 272:127383. [PMID: 37062105 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The recognition of pathogen- or damage- associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs) signals a series of coordinated responses as part of innate immunity or host cell defense during infection. The inflammasome is an assemblage of multiprotein complexes in the cytosol that activate inflammatory caspases and release pro-inflammatory mediators. This review examines the two-edged sword activity of gasdermin D (GSDMD). Since its discovery in 2015, GSDMD has played a crucial role in the programmed necrotic type of cell death called pyroptosis. Pyroptosis is an important response in host self-protection against danger signals and infection. Although excessive pyroptosis has a deleterious effect on the host, it proves to have a game-changing therapeutic application against pathogenic invasion when controlled. Here, we explore the mechanism utilized by GSDMD, the best studied member of the gasdermin protein family, in host immune defense against many bacteria. While the protein contributes to the clearance of some bacteria, we also discussed results from previous studies and research, that its presence might hinder effective immunity against other pathogens, thus aiding pathogenic invasion and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abosede Salami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - Sahana Bettadapura
- Biology Department, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, United States
| | - Shanzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States.
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Pauter-Iwicka K, Railean V, Złoch M, Pomastowski P, Szultka-Młyńska M, Błońska D, Kupczyk W, Buszewski B. Characterization of the salivary microbiome before and after antibiotic therapy via separation technique. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2515-2531. [PMID: 36843196 PMCID: PMC10033590 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present research, the MALDI-TOF MS technique was applied as a tool to rapidly identify the salivary microbiome. In this fact, it has been monitored the changes occurred in molecular profiles under different antibiotic therapy. Significant changes in the composition of the salivary microbiota were noticed not only in relation to the non antibiotic (non-AT) and antibiotic treatment (AT) groups, but also to the used media, the antibiotic therapy and co-existed microbiota. Each antibiotic generates specific changes in molecular profiles. The highest number of bacterial species was isolated in the universal culture medium (72%) followed by the selective medium (48% and 38%). In the case of non-AT patients, the prevalence of Streptococcus salivarius (25%), Streptococcus vestibularis (19%), Streptococcus oralis (13%), and Staphylococcus aureus (6%) was identified while in the case of AT, Streptococcus salivarius (11%), Streptococcus parasanguinis (11%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (12%), Enterococcus faecalis (9%), Staphylococcus hominis (8%), and Candida albicans (6%) were identified. Notable to specified that the Candida albicans was noticed only in AT samples, indicating a negative impact on the antibiotic therapy. The accuracy of the MALDI-TOF MS technique was performed by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis-as a reference method. Conclusively, such an approach highlighted in the present study can help in developing the methods enabling a faster diagnosis of disease changes at the cellular level before clinical changes occur. Once the MALDI tool allows for the distinguishing of the microbiota of non-AT and AT, it may enable to monitor the diseases treatment and develop a treatment regimen for individual patients in relation to each antibiotic. KEY POINTS: The salivary microbiota of antibiotic-treated patients was more bacteria variety MALDI-TOF MS is a promising tool for recording of reproducible molecular profiles Our data can allow to monitor the treatment of bacterial diseases for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pauter-Iwicka
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Viorica Railean
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100, Torun, Poland
- Department of Infectious, Invasive Diseases and Veterinary Administration, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Michał Złoch
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Dominika Błońska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Torun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kupczyk
- Department of General, Gastroenterological&Oncological Surgery Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
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Santos AL, Beckham JL, Liu D, Li G, van Venrooy A, Oliver A, Tegos GP, Tour JM. Visible-Light-Activated Molecular Machines Kill Fungi by Necrosis Following Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Calcium Overload. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205781. [PMID: 36715588 PMCID: PMC10074111 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are a growing public health threat. As fungi become increasingly resistant to existing drugs, new antifungals are urgently needed. Here, it is reported that 405-nm-visible-light-activated synthetic molecular machines (MMs) eliminate planktonic and biofilm fungal populations more effectively than conventional antifungals without resistance development. Mechanism-of-action studies show that MMs bind to fungal mitochondrial phospholipids. Upon visible light activation, rapid unidirectional drilling of MMs at ≈3 million cycles per second (MHz) results in mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium overload, and ultimately necrosis. Besides their direct antifungal effect, MMs synergize with conventional antifungals by impairing the activity of energy-dependent efflux pumps. Finally, MMs potentiate standard antifungals both in vivo and in an ex vivo porcine model of onychomycosis, reducing the fungal burden associated with infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Santos
- Department of ChemistryRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA
- IdISBA – Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas BalearesPalma07120Spain
| | | | - Dongdong Liu
- Department of ChemistryRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA
| | - Gang Li
- Department of ChemistryRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA
| | | | - Antonio Oliver
- IdISBA – Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas BalearesPalma07120Spain
- Servicio de MicrobiologiaHospital Universitari Son EspasesPalma07120Spain
| | - George P. Tegos
- Office of ResearchReading HospitalTower Health, 420 S. Fifth AvenueWest ReadingPA19611USA
| | - James M. Tour
- Department of ChemistryRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA
- Smalley‐Curl InstituteRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineeringRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA
- NanoCarbon Center and the Welch Institute for Advanced MaterialsRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA
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