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Singam A, Bhattacharya C, Park S. Aging-related changes in the mechanical properties of single cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32974. [PMID: 38994100 PMCID: PMC11238009 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanical properties, along with biochemical and molecular properties, play crucial roles in governing cellular function and homeostasis. Cellular mechanics are influenced by various factors, including physiological and pathological states, making them potential biomarkers for diseases and aging. While several methods such as AFM, particle-tracking microrheology, optical tweezers/stretching, magnetic tweezers/twisting cytometry, microfluidics, and micropipette aspiration have been widely utilized to measure the mechanical properties of single cells, our understanding of how aging affects these properties remains limited. To fill this knowledge gap, we provide a brief overview of the commonly used methods to measure single-cell mechanical properties. We then delve into the effects of aging on the mechanical properties of different cell types. Finally, we discuss the importance of studying cellular viscous and viscoelastic properties as well as aging induced by different stressors to gain a deeper understanding of the aging process and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarnath Singam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Chandrabali Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Seungman Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
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2
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Paggetti F, Gherardini M, Lucantonio A, Cipriani C. To What Extent Implanting Single vs Pairs of Magnets Per Muscle Affect the Localization Accuracy of the Myokinetic Control Interface? Evidence From a Simulated Environment. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2023; 70:2972-2979. [PMID: 37141061 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3272977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We recently proposed a new concept of human-machine interface to control hand prostheses which we dubbed the myokinetic control interface. Such interface detects muscle displacement during contraction by localizing permanent magnets implanted in the residual muscles. So far, we evaluated the feasibility of implanting one magnet per muscle and monitoring its displacement relative to its initial position. However, multiple magnets could actually be implanted in each muscle, as using their relative distance as a measure of muscle contraction could improve the system robustness against environmental disturbances. METHODS Here, we simulated the implant of pairs of magnets in each muscle and we compared the localization accuracy of such system with the one magnet per muscle approach, considering first a planar and then an anatomically appropriate configuration. Such comparison was also performed when simulating different grades of mechanical disturbances applied to the system (i.e., shift of the sensor grid). RESULTS We found that implanting one magnet per muscle always led to lower localization errors under ideal conditions (i.e., no external disturbances). Differently, when mechanical disturbances were applied, magnet pairs outperformed the single magnet approach, confirming that differential measurements are able to reject common mode disturbances. CONCLUSION We identified important factors affecting the choice of the number of magnets to implant in a muscle. SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide important guidelines for the design of disturbance rejection strategies and for the development of the myokinetic control interface, as well as for a whole range of biomedical applications involving magnetic tracking.
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Pus K, Paravlic AH, Šimunič B. The use of tensiomyography in older adults: a systematic review. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1213993. [PMID: 37398907 PMCID: PMC10311920 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1213993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Aging of skeletal muscles results in a cascade of events negatively affecting muscle mass, strength, and function, leading to reduced mobility, increased risk of falls, disability, and loss of independence. To date, different methods are used to assess muscle mechanical function, tensiomyography (TMG) being one of them. The aim of this review was twofold: to summarize the evidence-based usefulness of tensiomyography in older adults and to establish reference values for the main tensiomyography parameters in older adults. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and tensiomyography databases were searched from inception until 25 December 2022. Studies investigating older adults (aged 60+ years) that reported tensiomyography-derived parameters such as contraction time (Tc) and/or maximal displacement (Dm) were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: In total, eight studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Tensiomyography has been used on different groups of older adults, including asymptomatic, master athletes, patients with peripheral arterial disease, and patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis with a mean age of 71.5 ± 5.38 (55.7% male subjects). The most evaluated were leg muscles such as vastus lateralis (VL), gastrocnemius medialis (GM), and biceps femoris (BF). The present review demonstrates that tensiomyography is used to assess neuromuscular function in asymptomatic and diseased older adults. When compared to asymptomatic individuals, power master athletes, knee osteoarthritis patients, and patients diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease have the shortest Tc in BF, VL, and GM muscles, respectively. On the other hand, endurance master athletes showed the longest Tc in all three evaluated muscles. Less mobile, nursing-home residents showed higher Dm in VL and BF, while lower Dm in GM than the asymptomatic group. The knee osteoarthritis group showed the largest Dm in BF and VL while having the smallest Dm in GM. Conclusion: Tensiomyography can serve as a valuable tool for assessing neuromuscular function in older adults. The method is sensitive to muscle composition, architecture, and (pre) atrophic changes of the skeletal muscles and might be responsive to muscle quality changes in aging and diseased populations. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=402345, identifier CRD42023402345.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Pus
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Health Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea—ECM, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Armin H. Paravlic
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
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4
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Lim JY, Frontera WR. Skeletal muscle aging and sarcopenia: Perspectives from mechanical studies of single permeabilized muscle fibers. J Biomech 2023; 152:111559. [PMID: 37027961 PMCID: PMC10164716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The decline in muscle mass and strength with age is well documented and associated with weakness, decreased flexibility, vulnerability to diseases and/or injuries, and impaired functional restoration. The term sarcopenia has been used to refer to the loss of muscle mass, strength and impaired physical performance with advanced adult age and recently has become a major clinical entity in a super-aged society. To understand the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of sarcopenia, it is essential to explore the age-related changes in the intrinsic properties of muscle fibers. Mechanical experiments with single muscle fibers have been conducted during the last 80 years and applied to human muscle research in the last 45 years as an in-vitro muscle function test. Fundamental active and passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscle can be evaluated using the isolated permeabilized (chemically skinned) single muscle fiber preparation. Changes in the intrinsic properties of older human single muscle fibers can be useful biomarkers of aging and sarcopenia. In this review, we summarize the historical development of single muscle fiber mechanical studies, the definition and diagnosis of muscle aging and sarcopenia, and age-related change of active and passive mechanical properties in single muscle fibers and discuss how these changes can be used to assess muscle aging and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Walter R Frontera
- Department of Physiology and Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Sports Medicine, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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5
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Mayfield DL, Cronin NJ, Lichtwark GA. Understanding altered contractile properties in advanced age: insights from a systematic muscle modelling approach. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:309-337. [PMID: 36335506 PMCID: PMC9958200 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Age-related alterations of skeletal muscle are numerous and present inconsistently, and the effect of their interaction on contractile performance can be nonintuitive. Hill-type muscle models predict muscle force according to well-characterised contractile phenomena. Coupled with simple, yet reasonably realistic activation dynamics, such models consist of parameters that are meaningfully linked to fundamental aspects of muscle excitation and contraction. We aimed to illustrate the utility of a muscle model for elucidating relevant mechanisms and predicting changes in output by simulating the individual and combined effects on isometric force of several known ageing-related adaptations. Simulating literature-informed reductions in free Ca2+ concentration and Ca2+ sensitivity generated predictions at odds qualitatively with the characteristic slowing of contraction speed. Conversely, incorporating slower Ca2+ removal or a fractional increase in type I fibre area emulated expected changes; the former was required to simulate slowing of the twitch measured experimentally. Slower Ca2+ removal more than compensated for force loss arising from a large reduction in Ca2+ sensitivity or moderate reduction in Ca2+ release, producing realistic age-related shifts in the force-frequency relationship. Consistent with empirical data, reductions in free Ca2+ concentration and Ca2+ sensitivity reduced maximum tetanic force only slightly, even when acting in concert, suggesting a modest contribution to lower specific force. Lower tendon stiffness and slower intrinsic shortening speed slowed and prolonged force development in a compliance-dependent manner without affecting force decay. This work demonstrates the advantages of muscle modelling for exploring sources of variation and identifying mechanisms underpinning the altered contractile properties of aged muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean L Mayfield
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, USA.
| | - Neil J Cronin
- Neuromuscular Research Centre, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, UK
| | - Glen A Lichtwark
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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6
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Ranu N, Laitila J, Dugdale HF, Mariano J, Kolb JS, Wallgren-Pettersson C, Witting N, Vissing J, Vilchez JJ, Fiorillo C, Zanoteli E, Auranen M, Jokela M, Tasca G, Claeys KG, Voermans NC, Palmio J, Huovinen S, Moggio M, Beck TN, Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A, Granzier H, Ochala J. NEB mutations disrupt the super-relaxed state of myosin and remodel the muscle metabolic proteome in nemaline myopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:185. [PMID: 36528760 PMCID: PMC9758823 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nemaline myopathy (NM) is one of the most common non-dystrophic genetic muscle disorders. NM is often associated with mutations in the NEB gene. Even though the exact NEB-NM pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear, histological analyses of patients' muscle biopsies often reveal unexplained accumulation of glycogen and abnormally shaped mitochondria. Hence, the aim of the present study was to define the exact molecular and cellular cascade of events that would lead to potential changes in muscle energetics in NEB-NM. For that, we applied a wide range of biophysical and cell biology assays on skeletal muscle fibres from NM patients as well as untargeted proteomics analyses on isolated myofibres from a muscle-specific nebulin-deficient mouse model. Unexpectedly, we found that the myosin stabilizing conformational state, known as super-relaxed state, was significantly impaired, inducing an increase in the energy (ATP) consumption of resting muscle fibres from NEB-NM patients when compared with controls or with other forms of genetic/rare, acquired NM. This destabilization of the myosin super-relaxed state had dynamic consequences as we observed a remodeling of the metabolic proteome in muscle fibres from nebulin-deficient mice. Altogether, our findings explain some of the hitherto obscure hallmarks of NM, including the appearance of abnormal energy proteins and suggest potential beneficial effects of drugs targeting myosin activity/conformations for NEB-NM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Ranu
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Centre of Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jenni Laitila
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannah F. Dugdale
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Centre of Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.6571.50000 0004 1936 8542School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jennifer Mariano
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Justin S. Kolb
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Carina Wallgren-Pettersson
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nanna Witting
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XCopenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Vissing
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XCopenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juan Jesus Vilchez
- grid.84393.350000 0001 0360 9602Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain ,grid.452372.50000 0004 1791 1185Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) Spain, Valencia, Spain
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Edmar Zanoteli
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mari Auranen
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, NeurologyHelsinki, Finland
| | - Manu Jokela
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Neurology, Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XNeurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland ,grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Giorgio Tasca
- grid.414603.4Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy ,grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kristl G. Claeys
- grid.410569.f0000 0004 0626 3338Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory for Muscle Diseases and Neuropathies, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicol C. Voermans
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Palmio
- grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sanna Huovinen
- grid.412330.70000 0004 0628 2985Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maurizio Moggio
- grid.414818.00000 0004 1757 8749Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Nyegaard Beck
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Henk Granzier
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Julien Ochala
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Grosicki GJ, Zepeda CS, Sundberg CW. Single muscle fibre contractile function with ageing. J Physiol 2022; 600:5005-5026. [PMID: 36268622 PMCID: PMC9722590 DOI: 10.1113/jp282298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is accompanied by decrements in the size and function of skeletal muscle that compromise independence and quality of life in older adults. Developing therapeutic strategies to ameliorate these changes is critical but requires an in-depth mechanistic understanding of the underlying physiology. Over the past 25 years, studies on the contractile mechanics of isolated human muscle fibres have been instrumental in facilitating our understanding of the cellular mechanisms contributing to age-related skeletal muscle dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to characterize the changes that occur in single muscle fibre size and contractile function with ageing and identify key areas for future research. Surprisingly, most studies observe that the size and contractile function of fibres expressing slow myosin heavy chain (MHC) I are well-preserved with ageing. In contrast, there are profound age-related decrements in the size and contractile function of the fibres expressing the MHC II isoforms. Notably, lifelong aerobic exercise training is unable to prevent most of the decrements in fast fibre contractile function, which have been implicated as a primary mechanism for the age-related loss in whole-muscle power output. These findings reveal a critical need to investigate the effectiveness of other nutritional, pharmaceutical or exercise strategies, such as lifelong resistance training, to preserve fast fibre size and function with ageing. Moreover, integrating single fibre contractile mechanics with the molecular profile and other parameters important to contractile function (e.g. phosphorylation of regulatory proteins, innervation status, mitochondrial function, fibre economy) is necessary to comprehensively understand the ageing skeletal muscle phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Grosicki
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong Campus), Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - Carlos S. Zepeda
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christopher W. Sundberg
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Athletic and Human Performance Research Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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8
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Single skeletal muscle fiber mechanical properties: a muscle quality biomarker of human aging. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1383-1395. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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9
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Kim DY, Oh SL, Lim JY. Applications of Eccentric Exercise to Improve Muscle and Mobility Function in Older Adults. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2022; 26:4-15. [PMID: 35038818 PMCID: PMC8984170 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.21.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle aging ultimately leads to the deterioration of human physiological functioning, including declining muscle strength, loss of muscle mass, and decreased quality of life in advanced age. Eccentric exercise is a key intervention that has the potential to ameliorate this problem. Recent studies have focused on evidence-based exercise interventions to prevent declines in muscle strength and physical function in older adults. This paper reviewed relevant literature on the use of eccentric exercise to improve muscle and mobility function in older adults. We explained not only the changes in mobility that occur with aging but also the rationale for and positive effects of eccentric intervention in older adults. We also explored several proposed mechanisms for the intramuscular changes caused by eccentric muscle contraction and considered the safety and side effects accompanying eccentric training. We concluded by suggesting that eccentric exercise is an exercise modality that can potentially improve muscle strength and enhance mobility in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Aging and Mobility Biophysics Laboratory, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Lyul Oh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Aging and Mobility Biophysics Laboratory, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Aging and Mobility Biophysics Laboratory, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Ronaldson SM, Stephenson DG, Head SI. Calcium and strontium contractile activation properties of single skinned skeletal muscle fibres from elderly women 66-90 years of age. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2022; 43:173-183. [PMID: 35987933 PMCID: PMC9708809 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-022-09628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The single freshly skinned muscle fibre technique was used to investigate Ca2+- and Sr2+-activation properties of skeletal muscle fibres from elderly women (66-90 years). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle. Three populations of muscle fibres were identified according to their specific Sr2+-activation properties: slow-twitch (type I), fast-twitch (type II) and hybrid (type I/II) fibres. All three fibre types were sampled from the biopsies of 66 to 72 years old women, but the muscle biopsies of women older than 80 years yielded only slow-twitch (type I) fibres. The proportion of hybrid fibres in the vastus lateralis muscle of women of circa 70 years of age (24%) was several-fold greater than in the same muscle of adults (< 10%), suggesting that muscle remodelling occurs around this age. There were no differences between the Ca2+- and Sr2+-activation properties of slow-twitch fibres from the two groups of elderly women, but there were differences compared with muscle fibres from young adults with respect to sensitivity to Ca2+, steepness of the activation curves, and characteristics of the fibre-type dependent phenomenon of spontaneous oscillatory contractions (SPOC) (or force oscillations) occurring at submaximal levels of activation. The maximal Ca2+ activated specific force from all the fibres collected from the seven old women use in the present study was significantly lower by 20% than in the same muscle of adults. Taken together these results show there are qualitative and quantitative changes in the activation properties of the contractile apparatus of muscle fibres from the vastus lateralis muscle of women with advancing age, and that these changes need to be considered when explaining observed changes in women's mobility with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. George Stephenson
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086 Australia
| | - Stewart I. Head
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, 2751 Australia ,Chair of Physiology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751 Australia
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11
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Frontera WR. Rehabilitation of Older Adults with Sarcopenia: From Cell to Functioning. Prog Rehabil Med 2022; 7:20220044. [PMID: 36118146 PMCID: PMC9437741 DOI: 10.2490/prm.20220044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 20th and 21st centuries have witnessed a substantial increase in human life
expectancy and in the number of men and women aged 60 years and older. Aging is associated
with a large number of health conditions, including sarcopenia, which has been the subject
of important research in the past 30 years. Sarcopenia is characterized by an age-related
loss of muscle mass, weakness, and impaired physical performance. The condition can be
diagnosed with a combination of measurements of these three elements. The precise
definition of sarcopenia and the selection of optimal assessment methods have changed
significantly in the past 20 years; nonetheless, the prevalence of sarcopenia in the
general older population is in the range of 5–15%. Molecular and cellular events at the
muscle cell level impact the size and quality of muscles (force adjusted for size). The
active and passive mechanical properties of single muscle fibers are altered by changes in
the structure and function of various cellular elements. Systemic factors such as
inflammation, loss of hormonal influence, and deleterious lifestyle choices also
contribute to sarcopenia. The consequences of sarcopenia include many adverse effects such
as impairments in activities of daily living, falls, loss of independence, and increased
mortality. Several rehabilitative interventions have been tested, and the safest and most
effective is the use of progressive resistance exercise. An increase in dietary protein
intake has synergistic effects. Future research should focus on a consensus definition of
sarcopenia, identification of the best assessment methods, understanding of biological
mechanisms, and testing of innovative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter R. Frontera
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Sports Medicine/Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
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12
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Damanti S, Cilla M, Tuscano B, De Lorenzo R, Manganaro G, Merolla A, Pacioni G, Pomaranzi C, Tiraferri V, Martinenghi S, Vitali G, Bosi E, Conte C, Giustina A, Tresoldi M, Rovere Querini P. Evaluation of Muscle Mass and Stiffness with Limb Ultrasound in COVID-19 Survivors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:801133. [PMID: 35250860 PMCID: PMC8892603 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.801133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND acute illnesses, like COVID-19, can act as a catabolic stimulus on muscles. So far, no study has evaluated muscle mass and quality through limb ultrasound in post-COVID-19 patients. METHODS cross sectional observational study, including patients seen one month after hospital discharge for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The patients underwent a multidimensional evaluation. Moreover, we performed dominant medial gastrocnemius ultrasound (US) to characterize their muscle mass and quality. RESULTS two hundred fifty-nine individuals (median age 67, 59.8% males) were included in the study. COVID-19 survivors with reduced muscle strength had a lower muscle US thickness (1.6 versus 1.73 cm, p =0.02) and a higher muscle stiffness (87 versus 76.3, p = 0.004) compared to patients with normal muscle strength. Also, patients with reduced Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores had a lower muscle US thickness (1.3 versus 1.71 cm, p = 0.01) and a higher muscle stiffness (104.9 versus 81.07, p = 0.04) compared to individuals with normal SPPB scores. The finding of increased muscle stiffness was also confirmed in patients with a pathological value (≥ 4) at the sarcopenia screening tool SARC-F (103.0 versus 79.55, p < 0.001). Muscle stiffness emerged as a significant predictor of probable sarcopenia (adjusted OR 1.02, 95% C.I. 1.002 - 1.04, p = 0.03). The optimal ultrasound cut-offs for probable sarcopenia were 1.51 cm for muscle thickness (p= 0.017) and 73.95 for muscle stiffness (p = 0.004). DISCUSSION we described muscle ultrasound characteristics in post COVID-19 patients. Muscle ultrasound could be an innovative tool to assess muscle mass and quality in this population. Our preliminary findings need to be confirmed by future studies comparing muscle ultrasound with already validated techniques for measuring muscle mass and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Damanti
- Unit of General Medicine and Advanced Care, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sarah Damanti,
| | - Marta Cilla
- Unit of General Medicine and Advanced Care, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Tuscano
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sabina Martinenghi
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giordano Vitali
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bosi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Conte
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Giustina
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) San Raffaele Hospital, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Moreno Tresoldi
- Unit of General Medicine and Advanced Care, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere Querini
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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13
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Hettinger ZR, Hamagata K, Confides AL, Lawrence MM, Miller BF, Butterfield TA, Dupont-Versteegden EE. Age-Related Susceptibility to Muscle Damage Following Mechanotherapy in Rats Recovering From Disuse Atrophy. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:2132-2140. [PMID: 34181006 PMCID: PMC8599051 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inability to fully recover lost muscle mass following periods of disuse atrophy predisposes older adults to lost independence and poor quality of life. We have previously shown that mechanotherapy at a moderate load (4.5 N) enhances muscle mass recovery following atrophy in adult, but not older adult rats. We propose that elevated transverse stiffness in aged muscle inhibits the growth response to mechanotherapy and hypothesize that a higher load (7.6 N) will overcome this resistance to mechanical stimuli. F344/BN adult and older adult male rats underwent 14 days of hindlimb suspension, followed by 7 days of recovery with (RE + M) or without (RE) mechanotherapy at 7.6 N on gastrocnemius muscle. The 7.6 N load was determined by measuring transverse passive stiffness and linearly scaling up from 4.5 N. No differences in protein turnover or mean fiber cross-sectional area were observed between RE and RE + M for older adult rats or adult rats at 7.6 N. However, there was a higher number of small muscle fibers present in older adult, but not adult rats, which was explained by a 16-fold increase in the frequency of small fibers expressing embryonic myosin heavy chain. Elevated central nucleation, satellite cell abundance, and dystrophin-/laminin+ fibers were present in older adult rats only following 7.6 N, while 4.5 N did not induce damage at either age. We conclude that age is an important variable when considering load used during mechanotherapy and age-related transverse stiffness may predispose older adults to damage during the recovery period following disuse atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Hettinger
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Kyoko Hamagata
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Amy L Confides
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Marcus M Lawrence
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Timothy A Butterfield
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Esther E Dupont-Versteegden
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
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14
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Kalakoutis M, Di Giulio I, Douiri A, Ochala J, Harridge SDR, Woledge RC. Methodological considerations in measuring specific force in human single skinned muscle fibres. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 233:e13719. [PMID: 34286921 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemically skinned fibres allow the study of human muscle contractile function in vitro. A particularly important parameter is specific force (SF), that is, maximal isometric force divided by cross-sectional area, representing contractile quality. Although SF varies substantially between studies, the magnitude and cause of this variability remains puzzling. Here, we aimed to summarize and explore the cause of variability in SF between studies. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases in June 2020, yielding 137 data sets from 61 publications which studied healthy, young adults. Five-fold differences in mean SF data were observed. Adjustments to the reported data for key methodological differences allowed between-study comparisons to be made. However, adjustment for fibre shape, swelling and sarcomere length failed to significantly reduce SF variance (I2 = 96%). Interestingly, grouping papers based on shared authorship did reveal consistency within research groups. In addition, lower SF was found to be associated with higher phosphocreatine concentrations in the fibre activating solution and with Triton X-100 being used as a skinning agent. Although the analysis showed variance across the literature, the ratio of SF in single fibres containing myosin heavy chain isoforms IIA or I was found to be consistent across research groups. In conclusion, whilst the skinned fibre technique is reliable for studying in vitro force generation of single fibres, the composition of the solution used to activate fibres, which differs between research groups, is likely to heavily influence SF values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaeljohn Kalakoutis
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
| | - Irene Di Giulio
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
| | - Abdel Douiri
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences King’s College London London UK
| | - Julien Ochala
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Stephen D. R. Harridge
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
| | - Roger C. Woledge
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
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15
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Olchowy A, Więckiewicz M, Malysa A, Olchowy C. Determination of Reference Values of the Masseter Muscle Stiffness in Healthy Adults Using Shear Wave Elastography. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179371. [PMID: 34501961 PMCID: PMC8430510 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Shear wave elastography (SWE) is an objective and reliable method for the assessment of muscles and internal organs. Every organ exhibits its own stiffness characteristics and hence requires individual reference values. We aimed to determine the reference values of stiffness of the masseter muscle in healthy adult individuals using SWE. We analyzed the data of 140 participants (74 men, 66 women) with a median age of 50 years. The overall mean elasticity was 10.67 ± 1.77 kPa. The average values were lower by 2.25 kPa (9.15%) in women compared to men (9.48 ± 1.47 kPa vs. 11.73 ± 1.27 kPa; p < 0.0001). The values of stiffness increased with age, with a correlation coefficient of about 0.35 and a p < 0.0001. Age was a significant influencing factor of masseter muscle stiffness. The left and right masseters had similar stiffness. We conclude that stiffness values are significantly lower in women than in men with a difference of 9%. Age significantly influences the stiffness of masseter muscle, and the values of stiffness increase significantly with age, particularly in men. However, further studies are required to determine the precise ranges of stiffness accounting for age and sex in healthy subjects and people with disorders and conditions of the masticatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olchowy
- Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.O.); (M.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Mieszko Więckiewicz
- Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.O.); (M.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrzej Malysa
- Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.O.); (M.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Cyprian Olchowy
- Department of Oral Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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16
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Paraspinal Muscle Contractile Function is Impaired in the ENT1-deficient Mouse Model of Progressive Spine Pathology. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2021; 46:E710-E718. [PMID: 33332787 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000003882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Basic science study of the relationship between spine pathology and the contractile ability of the surrounding muscles. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate single muscle fiber contractile function in a model of progressive spine mineralization (ENT1-/- mice). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Altered muscle structure and function have been associated with various spine pathologies; however, studies to date have provided limited insight into the fundamental ability of spine muscles to actively contract and generate force, and how this may change in response to spine pathology. METHODS Experiments were performed on two groups (ENT1-/- [KO] and ENT1+/+ [WT]) of mice at 8 months of age (n = 12 mice/group). Single muscle fibers were isolated from lumbar multifidus and erector spinae, as well as tibialis anterior (a non-spine-related control) and tested to determine their active contractile characteristics. RESULTS The multifidus demonstrated decreases in specific force (type IIax fibers: 36% decrease; type IIb fibers: 29% decrease), active modulus (type IIax: 35% decrease; type IIb: 30% decrease), and unloaded shortening velocity (Vo) (type IIax: 31% decrease) in the ENT1-/- group when compared to WT controls. The erector spinae specific force was reduced in the ENT1-/- mice when compared to WT (type IIax: 29% decrease), but active modulus and Vo were unchanged. There were no differences in any of the active contractile properties of the lower limb TA muscle, validating that impairments observed in the spine muscles were specific to the underlying spine pathology and not the global loss of ENT1. CONCLUSION These results provide the first direct evidence of cellular level impairments in the active contractile force generating properties of spine muscles in response to chronic spine pathology.Level of Evidence: N/A.
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17
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Rate of force development is Ca 2+-dependent and influenced by Ca 2+-sensitivity in human single muscle fibres from older adults. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111348. [PMID: 33862138 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural adult aging is associated with declines in skeletal muscle performance, including impaired Ca2+ sensitivity and a slowing of rapid force production (rate of force redevelopment; ktr). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between impaired Ca2+ sensitivity and ktr of single muscle fibres from young and older adults. Participants included 8 young (22-35 yrs) and 8 older (60-81 yrs) males who were living independently. A percutaneous muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis of each participant was performed. Single muscle fibre mechanical tests included maximal Ca2+-activated force (Po), force-pCa curves, and ktr. We showed a decrease in pCa50 in old type II fibres compared to young, indicating impaired Ca2+ sensitivity in older adults. The ktr behaved in a Ca2+-dependent manner such that with increasing [Ca2+], ktr increases, to a plateau. Interestingly, ktr was not different between young and old muscle fibres. Furthermore, we found strong associations between pCa50 and ktr in both old type I and type II fibres, such that those fibres with lower Ca2+ sensitivity had a slowed ktr. This Ca2+ association, combined with impaired Ca2+ handling in older adults suggests a potential Ca2+-dependent mechanism affecting the transition from weakly- to strongly-bound cross-bridge states, leading to a decline in skeletal muscle performance. Future research is needed to explore the role alterations to Ca2+ sensitivity/handling could be playing in age-related whole muscle performance declines.
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18
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Bajpai A, Li R, Chen W. The cellular mechanobiology of aging: from biology to mechanics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1491:3-24. [PMID: 33231326 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a chronic, complicated process that leads to degenerative physical and biological changes in living organisms. Aging is associated with permanent, gradual physiological cellular decay that affects all aspects of cellular mechanobiological features, including cellular cytoskeleton structures, mechanosensitive signaling pathways, and forces in the cell, as well as the cell's ability to sense and adapt to extracellular biomechanical signals in the tissue environment through mechanotransduction. These mechanobiological changes in cells are directly or indirectly responsible for dysfunctions and diseases in various organ systems, including the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, skin, and immune systems. This review critically examines the role of aging in the progressive decline of the mechanobiology occurring in cells, and establishes mechanistic frameworks to understand the mechanobiological effects of aging on disease progression and to develop new strategies for halting and reversing the aging process. Our review also highlights the recent development of novel bioengineering approaches for studying the key mechanobiological mechanisms in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apratim Bajpai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
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19
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Bastijns S, De Cock AM, Vandewoude M, Perkisas S. Usability and Pitfalls of Shear-Wave Elastography for Evaluation of Muscle Quality and Its Potential in Assessing Sarcopenia: A Review. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:2891-2907. [PMID: 32843232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is age-related progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Its prevalence is rising, which poses a burden for society because it increases disability and dependency and therefore raises health care costs. Muscle mass quality, however-an essential part of sarcopenia-is not easily diagnosable yet. Recent interest has risen for ultrasonographic evaluation of muscle. This review introduces muscle elastography as a possible, easy and cheap tool to evaluate qualitative muscle parameters. Basic principles of muscle elastography are described, as well as different elastography techniques and some technical considerations. Furthermore, a proposal for practical guidelines is offered and factors influencing muscle stiffness are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bastijns
- Department of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Ziekenhuisnetwerk Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Anne-Marie De Cock
- Department of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Ziekenhuisnetwerk Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maurits Vandewoude
- Department of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Ziekenhuisnetwerk Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium; Belgian Ageing Muscle Society, Liege, Belgium
| | - Stany Perkisas
- Department of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Ziekenhuisnetwerk Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium; Belgian Ageing Muscle Society, Liege, Belgium
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20
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Lindemann I, Coombes BK, Tucker K, Hug F, Dick TJ. Age-related differences in gastrocnemii muscles and Achilles tendon mechanical properties in vivo. J Biomech 2020; 112:110067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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21
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Noonan AM, Zwambag DP, Mazara N, Weersink E, Power GA, Brown SHM. Fiber Type and Size as Sources of Variation in Human Single Muscle Fiber Passive Elasticity. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:081008. [PMID: 32494817 DOI: 10.1115/1.4047423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies on single muscle fiber passive material properties often report relatively large variation in elastic modulus (or normalized stiffness), and it is not clear where this variation arises. This study was designed to determine if the stiffness, normalized to both fiber cross-sectional area and length, is inherently different between types 1 and 2 muscle fibers. Vastus lateralis fibers (n = 93), from ten young men, were mechanically tested using a cumulative stretch-relaxation protocol. SDS-PAGE classified fibers as types 1 or 2. While there was a difference in normalized stiffness between fiber types (p = 0.0019), an unexpected inverse relationship was found between fiber diameter and normalized stiffness (r = -0.64; p < 0.001). As fiber type and diameter are not independent, a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) including fiber diameter as a covariate was run; this eliminated the effect of fiber type on normalized stiffness (p = 0.1935). To further explore the relationship between fiber size and elastic properties, we tested whether stiffness was linearly related to fiber cross-sectional area, as would be expected for a homogenous material. Passive stiffness was not linearly related to fiber area (p < 0.001), which can occur if single muscle fibers are better represented as composite materials. The rule of mixtures for composite materials was used to explore whether the presence of a stiff perimeter-based fiber component could explain the observed results. The model (R2 = 0.38) predicted a perimeter-based normalized stiffness of 8800 ± 2600 kPa/μm, which is within the range of basement membrane moduli reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Noonan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Derek P Zwambag
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nicole Mazara
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Erin Weersink
- Sports Medicine, Health and Performance Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Stephen H M Brown
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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22
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Age-related changes in human single muscle fibre passive elastic properties are sarcomere length dependent. Exp Gerontol 2020; 137:110968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Marcucci L, Reggiani C. Increase of resting muscle stiffness, a less considered component of age-related skeletal muscle impairment. Eur J Transl Myol 2020. [DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2020.8982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly people perform more slowly movements of everyday life as rising from a chair, walking, and climbing stairs. This is in the first place due to the loss of muscle contractile force which is even more pronounced than the loss of muscle mass. In addition, a secondary, but not negligible, component is the rigidity or increased stiffness which requires greater effort to produce the same movement and limits the range of motion of the joints. In this short review, we discuss the possible determinants of the limitations of joint mobility in healthy elderly, starting with the age-dependent alterations of the articular structure and focusing on the increased stiffness of the skeletal muscles. Thereafter, the possible mechanisms of the increased stiffness of the muscle-tendon complex are considered, among them changes in the muscle fibers, alterations of the connective components (extracellular matrix or ECM, aponeurosis, fascia and tendon) and remodeling of the neural pattern of muscle activation with increased of antagonist co-activation.
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24
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Marcucci L, Reggiani C. Increase of resting muscle stiffness, a less considered component of age-related skeletal muscle impairment. Eur J Transl Myol 2020; 30:8982. [PMID: 32782762 PMCID: PMC7385684 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly people perform more slowly movements of everyday life as rising from a chair, walking, and climbing stairs. This is in the first place due to the loss of muscle contractile force which is even more pronounced than the loss of muscle mass. In addition, a secondary, but not negligible, component is the rigidity or increased stiffness which requires greater effort to produce the same movement and limits the range of motion of the joints. In this short review, we discuss the possible determinants of the limitations of joint mobility in healthy elderly, starting with the age-dependent alterations of the articular structure and focusing on the increased stiffness of the skeletal muscles. Thereafter, the possible mechanisms of the increased stiffness of the muscle-tendon complex are considered, among them changes in the muscle fibers, alterations of the connective tissue components, i.e., extracellular matrix (ECM), aponeurosis, tendon and fascia, and remodeling of the neural pattern of muscle activation that increases antagonist co-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Marcucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padova University, Padova, Italy.,Center for Mechanics of Biological Materials, Padova University, Padova, Italy.,Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padova University, Padova, Italy.,Center for Mechanics of Biological Materials, Padova University, Padova, Italy.,Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
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25
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Straight CR, Voigt TB, Jala AV, Chase JD, Ringham OR, Ades PA, Toth MJ, Miller MS. Quadriceps Lipid Content Has Sex-Specific Associations With Whole-Muscle, Cellular, and Molecular Contractile Function in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1879-1886. [PMID: 30428006 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased adiposity is associated with reduced skeletal muscle function in older adults, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. To explore whether skeletal muscle properties track with adiposity, whole-muscle, cellular, and molecular function were examined in relation to adiposity measured at various anatomical levels in healthy older (60-80 years) men and women. Although women had greater absolute and relative body and thigh fat than men, quadriceps muscle attenuation, an index of intramuscular lipid content, was similar between sexes. At the whole-muscle level, greater quadriceps attenuation was associated with reduced knee extensor function in women, but not men. In women, decreased myosin heavy chain I and IIA fiber-specific force was associated with higher intramuscular lipid content, which may be explained, in part, by the reduced myofilament lattice stiffness found in myosin heavy chain IIA fibers. Longer myosin attachment times in myosin heavy chain I fibers from men and women were associated with greater amounts of adipose tissue, suggesting that fat deposits lead to slower myosin-actin cross-bridge kinetics. Our results indicate greater quantities of adipose tissue alter myofilament properties and cross-bridge kinetics, which may partially explain the adiposity-induced decrements in single-fiber and whole-muscle function of older adults, especially women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R Straight
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | - Thomas B Voigt
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Anudeep V Jala
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | - John D Chase
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | - Olivia R Ringham
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | - Philip A Ades
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Michael J Toth
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Mark S Miller
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
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26
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Teigen LE, Sundberg CW, Kelly LJ, Hunter SK, Fitts RH. Ca 2+ dependency of limb muscle fiber contractile mechanics in young and older adults. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1238-C1251. [PMID: 32348175 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00575.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Age-induced declines in skeletal muscle contractile function have been attributed to multiple cellular factors, including lower peak force (Po), decreased Ca2+ sensitivity, and reduced shortening velocity (Vo). However, changes in these cellular properties with aging remain unresolved, especially in older women, and the effect of submaximal Ca2+ on contractile function is unknown. Thus, we compared contractile properties of muscle fibers from 19 young (24 ± 3 yr; 8 women) and 21 older adults (77 ± 7 yr; 7 women) under maximal and submaximal Ca2+ and assessed the abundance of three proteins thought to influence Ca2+ sensitivity. Fast fiber cross-sectional area was ~44% larger in young (6,479 ± 2,487 µm2) compared with older adults (4,503 ± 2,071 µm2, P < 0.001), which corresponded with a greater absolute Po (young = 1.12 ± 0.43 mN; old = 0.79 ± 0.33 mN, P < 0.001). There were no differences in fast fiber size-specific Po, indicating the age-related decline in force was explained by differences in fiber size. Except for fast fiber size and absolute Po, no age or sex differences were observed in Ca2+ sensitivity, rate of force development (ktr), or Vo in either slow or fast fibers. Submaximal Ca2+ depressed ktr and Vo, but the effects were not altered by age in either sex. Contrary to rodent studies, regulatory light chain (RLC) and myosin binding protein-C abundance and RLC phosphorylation were unaltered by age or sex. These data suggest the age-associated reductions in contractile function are primarily due to the atrophy of fast fibers and that caution is warranted when extending results from rodent studies to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Teigen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Christopher W Sundberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Lauren J Kelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sandra K Hunter
- Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Robert H Fitts
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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27
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Li G, Pourdeyhimi B, Yarin AL. Mutual Sliding Motion of Wrapped Filaments for Biomedical and Engineering Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4357-4369. [PMID: 32240589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Here we aim at understanding and modeling of macroscopic interactions and sliding motion of curved filaments during muscles' isometric action in which tension is developed without overall contraction. A generic dynamic model of a curved elastic filament undergoing sliding, twisting, and unraveling around a cylindrical filament affected by the interfilament friction force is developed in full detail. In particular, the dynamic equations describing the general sliding motion of a curved filament wrapped around a cylindrical filament and pulled by a constant force applied to a free end are derived and solved numerically; the other end of the curved filament is considered to be fixed at the cylindrical one. The model predicts propagation of an elastic wave over the wrapped filament determined by the filament stiffness and the interfilament friction. The wrapped filament deformation and its ultimate arrest are predicted, and the final configurations of such filaments are revealed. Accordingly, the wrapped filament strain is predicted as a function of time for different values of the friction coefficient. The potential applications and possible biomechanical links of the proposed generic model are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607-7022, United States
| | - Behnam Pourdeyhimi
- The Nonwovens Institute, North Carolina State University, Box 8301, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301, United States
| | - Alexander L Yarin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607-7022, United States
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28
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Zhang Y, Chen JS, He Q, He X, Basava RR, Hodgson J, Sinha U, Sinha S. Microstructural analysis of skeletal muscle force generation during aging. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 36:e3295. [PMID: 31820588 PMCID: PMC8080883 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human aging results in a progressive decline in the active force generation capability of skeletal muscle. While many factors related to the changes of morphological and structural properties in muscle fibers and the extracellular matrix (ECM) have been considered as possible reasons for causing age-related force reduction, it is still not fully understood why the decrease in force generation under eccentric contraction (lengthening) is much less than that under concentric contraction (shortening). Biomechanically, it was observed that connective tissues (endomysium) stiffen as ages, and the volume ratio of connective tissues exhibits an age-related increase. However, limited skeletal muscle models take into account the microstructural characteristics as well as the volume fraction of tissue material. This study aims to provide a numerical investigation in which the muscle fibers and the ECM are explicitly represented to allow quantitative assessment of the age-related force reduction mechanism. To this end, a fiber-level honeycomb-like microstructure is constructed and modeled by a pixel-based Reproducing Kernel Particle Method (RKPM), which allows modeling of smooth transition in biomaterial properties across material interfaces. The numerical investigation reveals that the increased stiffness of the passive materials of muscle tissue reduces the force generation capability under concentric contraction while maintains the force generation capability under eccentric contraction. The proposed RKPM microscopic model provides effective means for the cellular-scale numerical investigation of skeletal muscle physiology. NOVELTY STATEMENT: A cellular-scale honeycomb-like microstructural muscle model constructed from a histological cross-sectional image of muscle is employed to study the causal relations between age-associated microstructural changes and age-related force loss using Reproducing Kernel Particle Method (RKPM). The employed RKPM offers an effective means for modeling biological materials based on pixel points in the medical images and allow modeling of smooth transition in the material properties across interfaces. The proposed microstructure-informed muscle model enables quantitative evaluation on how cellular-scale compositions contribute to muscle functionality and explain differences in age-related force changes during concentric, isometric and eccentric contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Zhang
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jiun-Shyan Chen
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Qizhi He
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xiaolong He
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ramya R. Basava
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John Hodgson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Usha Sinha
- Department of Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shantanu Sinha
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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29
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Alfuraih AM, Tan AL, O'Connor P, Emery P, Wakefield RJ. The effect of ageing on shear wave elastography muscle stiffness in adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:1755-1763. [PMID: 30762201 PMCID: PMC6825644 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Skeletal muscle undergoes structural changes with ageing which may alter its biomechanical properties. Shear wave elastography (SWE) may detect these changes by measuring muscle stiffness. Aims To investigate muscle stiffness in healthy young, middle-aged and elderly cohorts using SWE and correlate it with muscle strength and mass. Methods Shear wave velocity (SWV) was measured in the quadriceps, hamstrings and biceps brachii of 26 young (range 20–35 years), 21 middle-aged (40–55) and 30 elderly (77–94) volunteers. The participants performed several muscle tests to evaluate their strength. The One-way ANOVA was used to test the muscle stiffness differences between the groups and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient to evaluate the relationship between SWV and muscle strength. Results The overall resting muscle SWV gradually decreased with age but was only significantly reduced in the elderly group (p < 0.001); with the exception of the vastus lateralis SWV where a significant difference was noted (p < 0.05) between young (1.77 m/s), middle-aged (1.64 m/s) and elderly (1.48 m/s). The elderly group had on average 16.5% lower muscle stiffness compared to the young. SWV significantly correlated with muscle mass (r = 0.316), walking time (r = − 0.560), number of chair stands (r = 0.522), handgrip strength (r = 0.436) and isokinetic knee strength (r = 0.640). Sex and BMI did not explain any significant variation in SWV. Conclusions Ageing was associated with a decline in skeletal muscle stiffness which positively correlates with muscle weakness. Further research is needed to evaluate the promising role of SWE as a biomarker for sarcopenia assessment and potential falls risk prediction in elderly individuals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40520-019-01139-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman M Alfuraih
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
- Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
| | - Ai Lyn Tan
- Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Philip O'Connor
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul Emery
- Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Richard J Wakefield
- Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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30
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Deligianni X, Klenk C, Place N, Garcia M, Pansini M, Hirschmann A, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Bieri O, Santini F. Dynamic MR imaging of the skeletal muscle in young and senior volunteers during synchronized minimal neuromuscular electrical stimulation. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 33:393-400. [DOI: 10.1007/s10334-019-00787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Van Deun B, Hobbelen JSM, Cagnie B, Van Eetvelde B, Van Den Noortgate N, Cambier D. Reproducible Measurements of Muscle Characteristics Using the MyotonPRO Device: Comparison Between Individuals With and Without Paratonia. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2019; 41:194-203. [PMID: 28005829 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The MyotonPRO is a portable device that measures muscle tone and biomechanical muscle properties objectively. MyotonPRO has already proven to be effective in measuring muscle properties in healthy and diseased populations. However, to the best of our knowledge, it has never been tested in individuals suffering from paratonia, a form of hypertonia frequently accompanying dementia. The aims of the present study were to (1) compare muscle tone, elasticity, and stiffness between 3 different subpopulations of young and old healthy adults and individuals with paratonia, and (2) investigate the intra- and interrater reproducibility of MyotonPRO measurements of the biceps brachii (BB) muscle in each subpopulation. METHODS MyotonPRO measurements of muscle tone, elasticity, and dynamic stiffness were carried out by 2 investigators on 2 different days over the BB muscles of 54 participants (18 healthy young adults, 20 healthy older adults, and 16 older individuals with paratonia). Muscle properties were compared between subpopulations using ANOVA/Welch and post hoc tests. Reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) and agreement parameters (standard error of measurement and the minimal detectable change) were calculated. RESULTS Statistically significant differences between subpopulations were found in all parameters, except for stiffness between healthy elderly and individuals with paratonia. In the healthy subpopulations, (a) intrarater reliability was very high and intrarater agreement was good between 2 consecutive series, (b) between days intrarater reliability was low to high and intrarater agreement was variable, (c) interrater reliability was high to very high and interrater agreement was good. In individuals with paratonia, (a) intrarater reliability was moderate to high and agreement was variable between series, (b) between days intrarater reliability was poor to moderate and agreement was poor, (c) interrater reliability ranged from low to high with poor agreement. CONCLUSIONS MyotonPRO measurements of the BB muscle showed good reproducibility in both healthy subpopulations, particularly for measurements performed within the same day. In individuals with paratonia, reliability and agreement were substantially lower. MyotonPRO can be used in clinical assessment and research. However, in individuals with paratonia, careful interpretation of results is required. Research in a larger sample of persons with paratonia at different stages of disease severity is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bieke Van Deun
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johannes S M Hobbelen
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Cagnie
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Birgit Van Eetvelde
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Dirk Cambier
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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32
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Passive force and viscoelastic properties of single fibers in human aging muscles. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:2339-2348. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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33
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Naro F, Venturelli M, Monaco L, Toniolo L, Muti E, Milanese C, Zhao J, Richardson RS, Schena F, Reggiani C. Skeletal Muscle Fiber Size and Gene Expression in the Oldest-Old With Differing Degrees of Mobility. Front Physiol 2019; 10:313. [PMID: 30971947 PMCID: PMC6443969 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The oldest-old, in the ninth and tenth decades of their life, represent a population characterized by neuromuscular impairment, which often implies a loss of mobility and independence. As recently documented by us and others, muscle atrophy and weakness are accompanied by an unexpected preservation of the size and contractile function of skeletal muscle fibers. This suggests that, while most fibers are likely lost with their respective motoneurons, the surviving fibers are well preserved. Here, we investigated the mechanisms behind this fiber preservation and the relevance of physical activity, by comparing a group of 6 young healthy controls (YG: 22-28 years) with two groups of oldest-old (81-96 years), one able to walk (OW: n = 6, average 86 years) and one confined to a wheelchair (ONW n = 9, average 88 years). We confirmed previous results of fiber preservation and, additionally, observed a shift in fiber type, toward slow predominance in OW and fast predominance in ONW. Myonuclear density was increased in muscles of ONW, compared to YG and OW, potentially indicative of an ongoing atrophy process. We analyzed, by RT-qPCR, the expression of genes relevant for fiber size and type regulation in a biopsy sample from the vastus lateralis. In all oldest-old both myostatin and IGF-1 expression were attenuated compared to YG, however, in ONW two specific IGF-1 isoforms, IGF-1EA and MGF, demonstrated a further significant decrease compared to OW. Surprisingly, atrogenes (MURF1 and atrogin) expression was also significantly reduced compared to YG and this was accompanied by a close to statistically significantly attenuated marker of autophagy, LC3. Among the determinants of the metabolic fiber type, PGC1α was significantly reduced in both OW and ONW compared to YG, while AMPK was down-regulated only in ONW. We conclude that, in contrast to the shift of the balance in favor of pro-atrophy factors found by other studies in older adults (decreased IGF-1, increase of myostatin, increase of atrogenes), in the oldest-old the pro-atrophy factors also appear to be down-regulated, allowing a partial recovery of the proteostasis balance. Furthermore, the impact of muscle activity, as a consequence of lost or preserved walking ability, is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Naro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lucia Monaco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Toniolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Ettore Muti
- Monsignor Arrigo Mazzali Foundation, Mantova, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanese
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jia Zhao
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Center of Koper, Koper, Slovenia
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Wilkinson D, Piasecki M, Atherton P. The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function: Measurement and physiology of muscle fibre atrophy and muscle fibre loss in humans. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:123-132. [PMID: 30048806 PMCID: PMC6202460 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Loss of muscle mass with age is due to atrophy and loss of individual muscle fibres. Anabolic resistance is fundamental in age-related fibre atrophy. Fibre loss is associated with denervation and remodelling of motor units. The plasticity of both factors should be considered in future research.
Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, sarcopenia, is associated with physical frailty and increased risk of morbidity (chronic diseases), in addition to all-cause mortality. The loss of muscle mass occurs incipiently from middle-age (∼1%/year), and in severe instances can lead to a loss of ∼50% by the 8–9th decade of life. This review will focus on muscle deterioration with ageing and highlight the two underpinning mechanisms regulating declines in muscle mass and function: muscle fibre atrophy and muscle fibre loss (hypoplasia) – and their measurement. The mechanisms of muscle fibre atrophy in humans relate to imbalances in muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and breakdown (MPB); however, since there is limited evidence for basal alterations in muscle protein turnover, it would appear that “anabolic resistance” to fundamental environmental cues regulating diurnal muscle homeostasis (namely physical activity and nutrition), underlie age-related catabolic perturbations in muscle proteostasis. While the ‘upstream’ drivers of the desensitization of aged muscle to anabolic stimuli are poorly defined, they most likely relate to impaired efficiency of the conversion of nutritional/exercise stimuli into signalling impacting mRNA translation and proteolysis. Additionally, loss of muscle fibres has been shown in cadaveric studies using anatomical fibre counts, and from iEMG studies demonstrating motor unit loss, albeit with few molecular investigations of this in humans. We suggest that defining countermeasures against sarcopenia requires improved understandings of the co-ordinated regulation of muscle fibre atrophy and fibre loss, which are likely to be inextricably linked.
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35
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Phung LA, Karvinen SM, Colson BA, Thomas DD, Lowe DA. Age affects myosin relaxation states in skeletal muscle fibers of female but not male mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199062. [PMID: 30226869 PMCID: PMC6143227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery that myosin has two distinct states in relaxed muscle–disordered relaxed (DRX) and super-relaxed (SRX)–provides another factor to consider in our fundamental understanding of the aging mechanism in skeletal muscle, since myosin is thought to be a potential contributor to dynapenia (age-associated loss of muscle strength independent of atrophy). The primary goal of this study was to determine the effects of age on DRX and SRX states and to examine their sex specificity. We have used quantitative fluorescence microscopy of the fluorescent nucleotide analog 2′/3′-O-(N-methylanthraniloyl) ATP (mantATP) to measure single-nucleotide turnover kinetics of myosin in skinned skeletal muscle fibers under relaxing conditions. We examined changes in DRX and SRX in response to the natural aging process by measuring the turnover of mantATP in skinned fibers isolated from psoas muscle of adult young (3–4 months old) and aged (26–28 months old) C57BL/6 female and male mice. Fluorescence decays were fitted to a multi-exponential decay function to determine both the time constants and mole fractions of fast and slow turnover populations, and significance was analyzed by a t-test. We found that in females, both the DRX and SRX lifetimes of myosin ATP turnover at steady state were shorter in aged muscle fibers compared to young muscle fibers (p ≤ 0.033). However, there was no significant difference in relaxation lifetime of either DRX (p = 0.202) or SRX (p = 0.804) between young and aged male mice. No significant effects were measured on the mole fractions (populations) of these states, as a function of sex or age (females, p = 0.100; males, p = 0.929). The effect of age on the order of myosin heads at rest and their ATPase function is sex specific, affecting only females. These findings provide new insight into the molecular factors and mechanisms that contribute to aging muscle dysfunction in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien A. Phung
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sira M. Karvinen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Brett A. Colson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - David D. Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DDT); (DAL)
| | - Dawn A. Lowe
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DDT); (DAL)
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Orssatto LBDR, Wiest MJ, Diefenthaeler F. Neural and musculotendinous mechanisms underpinning age-related force reductions. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 175:17-23. [PMID: 29997056 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ageing leads to substantial force production capacity reductions, which is an indicator of frailty and disability, and a mortality predictor in elders. Understanding the age-dependent neuromuscular mechanisms underlying force reductions can optimize healthcare professionals' exercise protocol choices for patients and allows researchers to investigate new interventions to mitigate these reductions. Our primary goal was to provide an updated review about the main neural and musculotendinous mechanisms underpinning age-related reductions in force capacity. Our secondary goal was to summarize how aerobic and strength training can lessen these age-related reductions. This review suggests that several steps in the force production pathway, from cortical to muscular mechanisms, are negatively affected by ageing. However, combining aerobic and strength training can attenuate these effects. Strength training (i.e. moderate to high- intensity, progressive volume, accentuated eccentric loading and fast concentric contraction velocity) can increase overall force production capacity by producing beneficial neural and musculotendinous adaptations. Additionally, aerobic training (i.e. moderate and high intensities) plays an essential role in preserving the structure and function of the neuromuscular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Bet da Rosa Orssatto
- Laboratório de Biomecânica, Centro de Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Matheus Joner Wiest
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - UHN. Neural Engineering & Therapeutic Team, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando Diefenthaeler
- Laboratório de Biomecânica, Centro de Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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37
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Park HM. Current Status of Sarcopenia in Korea: A Focus on Korean Geripausal Women. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2018; 22:52-61. [PMID: 32743248 PMCID: PMC7387617 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.2018.22.2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined as an age-associated decline in muscle mass and function caused by several etiologies and mechanisms. Muscle mass and function do not decrease concurrently, and a loss of muscle function may be more highly associated with adverse health outcomes. Despite the clinical significance of sarcopenia, no universally operational definition of sarcopenia or standardized intervention programs are currently available. Sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and obesity share several pathophysiological mechanisms, and a combination of these entities may lead to an increased risk of musculoskeletal, cardio-metabolic, and psychological morbidities especially in geripause populations. Treatment for sarcopenia is mainly nonpharmacological, however, various drugs are currently being developed. It is conceivable that sarcopenia is the next immediate clinical target in musculoskeletal science.
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38
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Cho KH, Jang HS, Abe H, Yamamoto M, Murakami G, Shibata S. Fetal Development of Fasciae around the Arm and Thigh Muscles: A Study Using Late Stage Fetuses. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1235-1243. [PMID: 29575697 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To obtain a better understanding of multi-laminar deep fascia covering skeletal muscles, we examined nondecalcified histological sections of the arm and thigh of 20 human fetuses aged 25-33 weeks. Morphologies of the fasciae varied between sites and specimens, but the initial morphology was most likely to be a thin and loose sheet on the external surface of the muscles (fascia-1 or F1). When the F1 became wavy, thick and tight, it was detached from the muscle surface. Beneath the F1, the second lamina of fascia (F2) appeared on the muscle surface and it was also detached. In this manner at 25-33 weeks' gestation, fasciae covering the triceps and vastus lateralis muscles had a three-layered configuration (F1, F2, and F3). Due to significant individual variations, this process was not correlated to the ages and sizes of specimens. Muscle contractions might facilitate the detachment. In these muscles, the intramuscular tendon joined the F2 or F3 and the latter became thick and aponeurotic. Along the finally developed lamina, muscle fibers carried a desmin-positive spot for insertion. Increased laminae were accompanied by a reduced number of CD68-positive macrophages and, nerves were absent, near the developing fascia. In contrast to skin ligaments or superficial fasciae showing de novo development in loose tissue, a deep or muscle-covering fascia seemed to originate from the skeletal muscle itself at the surface, and this process was repeated to produce multi-layered fascia. Depending on sites, collagen fibers were added by the intramuscular tendon. Anat Rec, 301:1235-1243, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Ho Cho
- Department of Neurology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Hospital, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Suk Jang
- Division of Physical Therapy, Ongoul Rehabilitation Hospital, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, 55097, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Department of Anatomy, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita City, 010-8502, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Division of Internal Medicine, Iwamizawa Asuka Hospital, Iwamizawa, 068-0833, Japan
| | - Shunichi Shibata
- Department of Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Gerstner GR, Giuliani HK, Mota JA, Ryan ED. Age-related reductions in muscle quality influence the relative differences in strength and power. Exp Gerontol 2017; 99:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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40
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Brocca L, McPhee JS, Longa E, Canepari M, Seynnes O, De Vito G, Pellegrino MA, Narici M, Bottinelli R. Structure and function of human muscle fibres and muscle proteome in physically active older men. J Physiol 2017; 595:4823-4844. [PMID: 28452077 DOI: 10.1113/jp274148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Loss of muscle mass and strength in the growing population of elderly people is a major health concern for modern societies. This condition, termed sarcopenia, is a major cause of falls and of the subsequent increase in morbidity and mortality. Despite numerous studies on the impact of ageing on individual muscle fibres, the contribution of single muscle fibre adaptations to ageing-induced atrophy and functional impairment is still unsettled. The level of physical function and disuse is often associated with ageing. We studied relatively healthy older adults in order to understand the effects of ageing per se without the confounding impact of impaired physical function. We found that in healthy ageing, structural and functional alterations of muscle fibres occur. Protein post-translational modifications, oxidation and phosphorylation contribute to such alterations more than loss of myosin and other muscle protein content. ABSTRACT Contradictory results have been reported on the impact of ageing on structure and functions of skeletal muscle fibres, likely to be due to a complex interplay between ageing and other phenomena such as disuse and diseases. Here we recruited healthy, physically and socially active young (YO) and elderly (EL) men in order to study ageing per se without the confounding effects of impaired physical function. In vivo analyses of quadriceps and in vitro analyses of vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were performed. In EL subjects, our results show that (i) quadriceps volume, maximum voluntary contraction isometric torque and patellar tendon force were significantly lower; (ii) muscle fibres went through significant atrophy and impairment of specific force (isometric force/cross-sectional area) and unloaded shortening velocity; (iii) myosin/actin ratio and myosin content in individual muscle fibres were not altered; (iv) the muscle proteome went through quantitative adaptations, namely an up-regulation of the content of several groups of proteins among which were myofibrillar proteins and antioxidant defence systems; (v) the muscle proteome went through qualitative adaptations, namely phosphorylation of several proteins, including myosin light chain-2 slow and troponin T and carbonylation of myosin heavy chains. The present results indicate that impairment of individual muscle fibre structure and function is a major feature of ageing per se and that qualitative adaptations of muscle proteome are likely to be more involved than quantitative adaptations in determining such a phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Brocca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jamie S McPhee
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Emanuela Longa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Canepari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Olivier Seynnes
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maria Antonietta Pellegrino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Interdipartimental Centre for Biology and Sport Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Narici
- School of Graduate Entry to Medicine and Health, Division of Clinical Physiology, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Roberto Bottinelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Interdipartimental Centre for Biology and Sport Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri (IRCCS), Scientific Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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41
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Konopka AR, Laurin JL, Musci RV, Wolff CA, Reid JJ, Biela LM, Zhang Q, Peelor FF, Melby CL, Hamilton KL, Miller BF. Influence of Nrf2 activators on subcellular skeletal muscle protein and DNA synthesis rates after 6 weeks of milk protein feeding in older adults. GeroScience 2017; 39:175-186. [PMID: 28283797 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-9968-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In older adults, chronic oxidative and inflammatory stresses are associated with an impaired increase in skeletal muscle protein synthesis after acute anabolic stimuli. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and Protandim have been shown to activate nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor for the antioxidant response element and anti-inflammatory pathways. This study tested the hypothesis that compared to a placebo control (CON), CLA and Protandim would increase skeletal muscle subcellular protein (myofibrillar, mitochondrial, cytoplasmic) and DNA synthesis in older adults after 6 weeks of milk protein feeding. CLA decreased oxidative stress and skeletal muscle oxidative damage with a trend to increase messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of a Nrf2 target, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1). However, CLA did not influence other Nrf2 targets (heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1)) or protein or DNA synthesis. Conversely, Protandim increased HO-1 protein content but not the mRNA expression of downstream Nrf2 targets, oxidative stress, or skeletal muscle oxidative damage. Rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis were maintained despite lower mitochondrial and cytoplasmic protein syntheses after Protandim versus CON. Similarly, DNA synthesis was non-significantly lower after Protandim compared to CON. After Protandim, the ratio of protein to DNA synthesis tended to be greater in the myofibrillar fraction and maintained in the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic fractions, emphasizing the importance of measuring both protein and DNA synthesis to gain insight into proteostasis. Overall, these data suggest that Protandim may enhance proteostatic mechanisms of skeletal muscle contractile proteins after 6 weeks of milk protein feeding in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Konopka
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Jaime L Laurin
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Robert V Musci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Christopher A Wolff
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Justin J Reid
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Laurie M Biela
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Fredrick F Peelor
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Christopher L Melby
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 110 Moby B Complex, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Miller MS, Callahan DM, Tourville TW, Slauterbeck JR, Kaplan A, Fiske BR, Savage PD, Ades PA, Beynnon BD, Toth MJ. Moderate-intensity resistance exercise alters skeletal muscle molecular and cellular structure and function in inactive older adults with knee osteoarthritis. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:775-787. [PMID: 28082334 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00830.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity resistance exercise (REX) training increases physical capacity, in part, by improving muscle cell size and function. Moderate-intensity REX, which is more feasible for many older adults with disease and/or disability, also increases physical function, but the mechanisms underlying such improvements are not understood. Therefore, we measured skeletal muscle structure and function from the molecular to the tissue level in response to 14 wk of moderate-intensity REX in physically inactive older adults with knee osteoarthritis (n = 17; 70 ± 1 yr). Although REX training increased quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), average single-fiber CSA was unchanged because of reciprocal changes in myosin heavy chain (MHC) I and IIA fibers. Intermyofibrillar mitochondrial content increased with training because of increases in mitochondrial size in men, but not women, with no changes in subsarcolemmal mitochondria in either sex. REX increased whole muscle contractile performance similarly in men and women. In contrast, adaptations in single-muscle fiber force production per CSA (i.e., tension) and contractile velocity varied between men and women in a fiber type-dependent manner, with adaptations being explained at the molecular level by differential changes in myosin-actin cross-bridge kinetics and mechanics and single-fiber MHC protein expression. Our results are notable compared with studies of high-intensity REX because they show that the effects of moderate-intensity REX in older adults on muscle fiber size/structure and myofilament function are absent or modest. Moreover, our data highlight unique sex-specific adaptations due to differential cellular and subcellular structural and functional changes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Moderate-intensity resistance training causes sex-specific adaptations in skeletal muscle structure and function at the cellular and molecular levels in inactive older adult men and women with knee osteoarthritis. However, these responses were minimal compared with high-intensity resistance training. Thus adjuncts to moderate-intensity training need to be developed to correct underlying cellular and molecular structural and functional deficits that are at the root of impaired physical function in this mobility-limited population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Miller
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | | | - Timothy W Tourville
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont; and
| | - James R Slauterbeck
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Anna Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Brad R Fiske
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Patrick D Savage
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Philip A Ades
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Bruce D Beynnon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Michael J Toth
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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Roman MA, Rossiter HB, Casaburi R. Exercise, ageing and the lung. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:1471-1486. [PMID: 27799391 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00347-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a pulmonary-focused description of the age-associated changes in the integrative physiology of exercise, including how declining lung function plays a role in promoting multimorbidity in the elderly through limitation of physical function. We outline the ageing of physiological systems supporting endurance activity: 1) coupling of muscle metabolism to mechanical power output; 2) gas transport between muscle capillary and mitochondria; 3) matching of muscle blood flow to its requirement; 4) oxygen and carbon dioxide carrying capacity of the blood; 5) cardiac output; 6) pulmonary vascular function; 7) pulmonary oxygen transport; 8) control of ventilation; and 9) pulmonary mechanics and respiratory muscle function. Deterioration in function occurs in many of these systems in healthy ageing. Between the ages of 25 and 80 years pulmonary function and aerobic capacity each decline by ∼40%. While the predominant factor limiting exercise in the elderly likely resides within the function of the muscles of ambulation, muscle function is (at least partially) rescued by exercise training. The age-associated decline in pulmonary function, however, is not recovered by training. Thus, loss in pulmonary function may lead to ventilatory limitation in exercise in the active elderly, limiting the ability to accrue the health benefits of physical activity into senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Roman
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Rockyview Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Harry B Rossiter
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Richard Casaburi
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
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Lim JY. Therapeutic potential of eccentric exercises for age-related muscle atrophy. Integr Med Res 2016; 5:176-181. [PMID: 28462115 PMCID: PMC5390411 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have focused on evidence-based interventions to prevent mobility decline and enhance physical performance in older adults. Several modalities, in addition to traditional strengthening programs, have been designed to manage age-related functional decline more effectively. In this study, we reviewed the current relevant literatures to assess the therapeutic potential of eccentric exercises for age-related muscle atrophy (sarcopenia). Age-related changes in human skeletal muscle, and their relationship with physical performance, are discussed with reference to in vitro physiologic and human biomechanics studies. An overview of issues relevant to sarcopenia is provided in the context of the recent consensus on the diagnosis and management of the condition. A decline in mobility among the aging population is closely linked with changes in the muscle force-velocity relationship. Interventions based specifically on increasing velocity and eccentric strength can improve function more effectively compared with traditional strengthening programs. Eccentric strengthening programs are introduced as a specific method for improving both muscle force and velocity. To be more effective, exercise interventions for older adults should focus on enhancing the muscle force-velocity relationship. Exercises that can be performed easily, and that utilize eccentric strength (which is relatively spared during the aging process), are needed to improve both muscle force and velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Mechanic and Molecular Myology Laboratory, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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45
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Choi SJ. Age-related functional changes and susceptibility to eccentric contraction-induced damage in skeletal muscle cell. Integr Med Res 2016; 5:171-175. [PMID: 28462114 PMCID: PMC5390413 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Depending upon external loading conditions, skeletal muscles can either shorten, lengthen, or remain at a fixed length as they produce force. Fixed-end or isometric contractions stabilize joints and allow muscles to act as active struts during locomotion. Active muscles dissipate energy when they are lengthened by an external force that exceeds their current force producing capacity. These unaccustomed eccentric activities often lead to muscle weakness, soreness, and inflammation. During aging, the ability to produce force under these conditions is reduced and appears to be due to not only reductions in muscle mass but also to alterations in the basic mechanisms of contraction. These alterations include impairments in the excitation–contraction process, and the action of the cross-bridges. Also, it is well known that age-related skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by a preferential atrophy of fast fibers, and increased susceptibility to fast muscle fiber when aged muscles are exposed to eccentric contraction followed by the impaired recovery process has been reported. Taken together, the selective loss of fast muscle fiber in aged muscle could be affected by eccentric-induced muscle damage, which has significant implication to identify the etiology of the age-related functional changes. Therefore, in this review the alteration of age-related muscle function and its impact to/of eccentric induced muscle damage and recovery will be addressed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Jun Choi
- Division of Sports and Health Science, College of Art, Kyungsung University, 309 Suyeong-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea.
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46
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Power GA, Flaaten N, Dalton BH, Herzog W. Age-related maintenance of eccentric strength: a study of temperature dependence. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:43. [PMID: 27028894 PMCID: PMC5005908 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
With adult aging, eccentric strength is maintained better than isometric strength leading to a higher ratio of eccentric/isometric force production (ECC/ISO) in older than younger adults. The purpose was to investigate the ECC/ISO during electrical activation of the adductor pollicis during lengthening (20-320° s(-1)) contractions in 24 young (n = 12, ∼24 years) and old (n = 12, ∼72 years) males across muscle temperatures (cold ∼19 °C; normal ∼30 °C; warm ∼35 °C). For isometric force, the old were 20-30 % weaker in the normal and cold conditions (P < 0.05) with no difference for the warm condition compared to young (P > 0.05). Half-relaxation time (HRT) did not differ across age for the normal and warm temperatures (P > 0.05), but it slowed significantly for old in the cold condition compared with young (∼15 %; P < 0.05), as well, there was a 20 and 40 % increase in muscle stiffness for the young and old, respectively. ECC/ISO was 50-60 % greater for the cold condition than the normal and warm conditions. There was no age difference in ECC/ISO across ages for the normal and warm conditions (P > 0.05), but for the cold, the old exhibited a 20-35 % higher ECC/ISO than did the young for velocities above 60° s(-1) (P < 0.05). A contributing factor to the elevated ECC/ISO is an increased proportion of weakly compared to strongly bound crossbridges. These findings highlight the relationship (r = 0.70) between intrinsic muscle contractile speed (HRT) and eccentric strength in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Nordan Flaaten
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brian H Dalton
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Walter Herzog
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Pennati GV, Plantin J, Borg J, Lindberg PG. Normative NeuroFlexor data for detection of spasticity after stroke: a cross-sectional study. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2016; 13:30. [PMID: 26987557 PMCID: PMC4797345 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-016-0133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective The NeuroFlexor is a novel instrument for quantification of neural, viscous and elastic components of passive movement resistance. The aim of this study was to provide normative data and cut-off values from healthy subjects and to use these to explore signs of spasticity at the wrist and fingers in patients recovering from stroke. Methods 107 healthy subjects (age range 28–68 years; 51 % females) and 39 stroke patients (age range 33–69 years; 33 % females), 2–4 weeks after stroke, were assessed with the NeuroFlexor. Cut-off values based on mean + 3SD of the reference data were calculated. In patients, the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) was also applied. Results In healthy subjects, neural component was 0.8 ± 0.9 N (mean ± SD), elastic component was 2.7 ± 1.1 N, viscous component was 0.3 ± 0.3 N and resting tension was 5.9 ± 1 N. Age only correlated with elastic component (r = −0.3, p = 0.01). Elasticity and resting tension were higher in males compared to females (p = 0.001) and both correlated positively with height (p = 0.01). Values above healthy population cut-off were observed in 16 patients (41 %) for neural component, in 2 (5 %) for elastic component and in 23 (59 %) for viscous component. Neural component above cut-off did not correspond well to MAS ratings. Ten patients with MAS = 0 had neural component values above cut-off and five patients with MAS ≥ 1 had neural component within normal range. Conclusion This study provides NeuroFlexor cut-off values that are useful for detection of spasticity in the early phase after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Valentina Pennati
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-182 88, Sweden.
| | - Jeanette Plantin
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-182 88, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Borg
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-182 88, Sweden
| | - Påvel G Lindberg
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-182 88, Sweden.,FR3636 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France.,Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm U894, 75014, Paris, France
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48
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Callahan DM, Umberger BR, Kent JA. Mechanisms of in vivo muscle fatigue in humans: investigating age-related fatigue resistance with a computational model. J Physiol 2016; 594:3407-21. [PMID: 26824934 DOI: 10.1113/jp271400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Muscle fatigue can be defined as the transient decrease in maximal force that occurs in response to muscle use. Fatigue develops because of a complex set of changes within the neuromuscular system that are difficult to evaluate simultaneously in humans. The skeletal muscle of older adults fatigues less than that of young adults during static contractions. The potential sources of this difference are multiple and intertwined. To evaluate the individual mechanisms of fatigue, we developed an integrative computational model based on neural, biochemical, morphological and physiological properties of human skeletal muscle. Our results indicate first that the model provides accurate predictions of fatigue and second that the age-related resistance to fatigue is due largely to a lower reliance on glycolytic metabolism during contraction. This model should prove useful for generating hypotheses for future experimental studies into the mechanisms of muscle fatigue. ABSTRACT During repeated or sustained muscle activation, force-generating capacity becomes limited in a process referred to as fatigue. Multiple factors, including motor unit activation patterns, muscle fibre contractile properties and bioenergetic function, can impact force-generating capacity and thus the potential to resist fatigue. Given that neuromuscular fatigue depends on interrelated factors, quantifying their independent effects on force-generating capacity is not possible in vivo. Computational models can provide insight into complex systems in which multiple inputs determine discrete outputs. However, few computational models to date have investigated neuromuscular fatigue by incorporating the multiple levels of neuromuscular function known to impact human in vivo function. To address this limitation, we present a computational model that predicts neural activation, biomechanical forces, intracellular metabolic perturbations and, ultimately, fatigue during repeated isometric contractions. This model was compared with metabolic and contractile responses to repeated activation using values reported in the literature. Once validated in this way, the model was modified to reflect age-related changes in neuromuscular function. Comparisons between initial and age-modified simulations indicated that the age-modified model predicted less fatigue during repeated isometric contractions, consistent with reports in the literature. Together, our simulations suggest that reduced glycolytic flux is the greatest contributor to the phenomenon of age-related fatigue resistance. In contrast, oxidative resynthesis of phosphocreatine between intermittent contractions and inherent buffering capacity had minimal impact on predicted fatigue during isometric contractions. The insights gained from these simulations cannot be achieved through traditional in vivo or in vitro experimentation alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien M Callahan
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Brian R Umberger
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jane A Kent
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Engelhart D, Pasma JH, Schouten AC, Aarts RGKM, Meskers CGM, Maier AB, van der Kooij H. Adaptation of multijoint coordination during standing balance in healthy young and healthy old individuals. J Neurophysiol 2015; 115:1422-35. [PMID: 26719084 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00030.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Standing balance requires multijoint coordination between the ankles and hips. We investigated how humans adapt their multijoint coordination to adjust to various conditions and whether the adaptation differed between healthy young participants and healthy elderly. Balance was disturbed by push/pull rods, applying two continuous and independent force disturbances at the level of the hip and between the shoulder blades. In addition, external force fields were applied, represented by an external stiffness at the hip, either stabilizing or destabilizing the participants' balance. Multivariate closed-loop system-identification techniques were used to describe the neuromuscular control mechanisms by quantifying the corrective joint torques as a response to body sway, represented by frequency response functions (FRFs). Model fits on the FRFs resulted in an estimation of time delays, intrinsic stiffness, reflexive stiffness, and reflexive damping of both the ankle and hip joint. The elderly generated similar corrective joint torques but had reduced body sway compared with the young participants, corresponding to the increased FRF magnitude with age. When a stabilizing or destabilizing external force field was applied at the hip, both young and elderly participants adapted their multijoint coordination by lowering or respectively increasing their neuromuscular control actions around the ankles, expressed in a change of FRF magnitude. However, the elderly adapted less compared with the young participants. Model fits on the FRFs showed that elderly had higher intrinsic and reflexive stiffness of the ankle, together with higher time delays of the hip. Furthermore, the elderly adapted their reflexive stiffness around the ankle joint less compared with young participants. These results imply that elderly were stiffer and were less able to adapt to external force fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Engelhart
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering, Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - J H Pasma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A C Schouten
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering, Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - R G K M Aarts
- Department of Mechanical Automation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - C G M Meskers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - A B Maier
- Section of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H van der Kooij
- Laboratory of Biomechanical Engineering, Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Power GA, Minozzo FC, Spendiff S, Filion ME, Konokhova Y, Purves-Smith MF, Pion C, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Morais JA, Herzog W, Hepple RT, Taivassalo T, Rassier DE. Reduction in single muscle fiber rate of force development with aging is not attenuated in world class older masters athletes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 310:C318-27. [PMID: 26632598 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00289.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Normal adult aging is associated with impaired muscle contractile function; however, to what extent cross-bridge kinetics are altered in aging muscle is not clear. We used a slacken restretch maneuver on single muscle fiber segments biopsied from the vastus lateralis of young adults (∼23 yr), older nonathlete (NA) adults (∼80 yr), and age-matched world class masters athletes (MA; ∼80 yr) to assess the rate of force redevelopment (ktr) and cross-bridge kinetics. A post hoc analysis was performed, and only the mechanical properties of "slow type" fibers based on unloaded shortening velocity (Vo) measurements are reported. The MA and NA were ∼54 and 43% weaker, respectively, for specific force compared with young. Similarly, when force was normalized to cross-sectional area determined via the fiber shape angularity data, both old groups did not differ, and the MA and NA were ∼43 and 48% weaker, respectively, compared with young (P < 0.05). Vo for both MA and NA old groups was 62 and 46% slower, respectively, compared with young. Both MA and NA adults had approximately two times slower values for ktr compared with young. The slower Vo in both old groups relative to young, coupled with a similarly reduced ktr, suggests impaired cross-bridge kinetics are responsible for impaired single fiber contractile properties with aging. These results challenge the widely accepted resilience of slow type fibers to cellular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Fábio C Minozzo
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; The Muscle Physiology and Biophysics Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sally Spendiff
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Filion
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yana Konokhova
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maddy F Purves-Smith
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charlotte Pion
- Département de Kinanthropologie, Université du Québec a' Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - José A Morais
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Walter Herzog
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Russell T Hepple
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Meakins Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Tanja Taivassalo
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dilson E Rassier
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; The Muscle Physiology and Biophysics Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Meakins Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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