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Nuccio A, Nogueira-Ferreira R, Moreira-Pais A, Attanzio A, Duarte JA, Luparello C, Ferreira R. The contribution of mitochondria to age-related skeletal muscle wasting: A sex-specific perspective. Life Sci 2024; 336:122324. [PMID: 38042281 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
As people age, their skeletal muscle (SkM) experiences a decline in mitochondrial functionality and density, which leads to decreased energy production and increased generation of reactive oxygen species. This cascade of events, in turn, might determine the loss of SkM mass, strength and quality. Even though the mitochondrial processes dysregulated by aging, such as oxidative phosphorylation, mitophagy, antioxidant defenses and mtDNA transcription, are the same in both sexes, mitochondria age differently in the SkM of men and women. Indeed, the onset and magnitude of the impairment of these processes seem to be influenced by sex-specific factors. Sexual hormones play a pivotal role in the regulation of SkM mass through both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. However, the precise mechanisms by which these hormones regulate mitochondrial plasticity in SkM are not fully understood. Although the presence of estrogen receptors in mitochondria is recognized, it remains unclear whether androgen receptors affect mitochondrial function. This comprehensive review critically dissects the current knowledge on the interplay of sex in the aging of SkM, focusing on the role of sex hormones and the corresponding signaling pathways in shaping mitochondrial plasticity. Improved knowledge on the sex dimorphism of mitochondrial aging may lead to sex-tailored interventions that target mitochondrial health, which could be effective in slowing or preventing age-related muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Nuccio
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Center - UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Alexandra Moreira-Pais
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Centre for Research and Technology of Agro Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - José Alberto Duarte
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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2
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Perazza LR, Wei G, Thompson LV. Fast and slow skeletal myosin binding protein-C and aging. GeroScience 2023; 45:915-929. [PMID: 36409445 PMCID: PMC9886727 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with skeletal muscle strength decline and cardiac diastolic dysfunction. The structural arrangements of the sarcomeric proteins, such as myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C) are shown to be pivotal in the pathogenesis of diastolic dysfunction. Yet, the role of fast (fMyBP-C) and slow (sMyBP-C) skeletal muscle MyBP-C remains to be elucidated. Herein, we aimed to characterize MyBP-C and its paralogs in the fast tibialis anterior (TA) muscle from adult and old mice. Immunoreactivity preparations showed that the relative abundance of the fMyBP-C paralog was greater in the TA of both adult and old, but no differences were noted between groups. We further found that the expression level of cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C), an important modulator of cardiac output, was lowered by age. Standard SDS-PAGE along with Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein staining did not identify age-related changes in phosphorylated MyBP-C proteins from TA and cardiac muscles; however, it revealed that MyBP-C paralogs in fast skeletal and cardiac muscle were highly phosphorylated. Mass spectrometry further identified glycogen phosphorylase, desmin, actin, troponin T, and myosin regulatory light chain 2 as phosphorylated myofilament proteins in both ages. MyBP-C protein-bound carbonyls were determined using anti-DNP immunostaining and found the carbonyl level of fMyBP-C, sMyBP-C, and cMyBP-C to be similar between old and adult animals. In summary, our data showed some differences regarding the MyBP-C paralog expression and identified an age-related reduction of cMyBP-C expression. Future studies are needed to elucidate which are the age-driven post-translational modifications in the MyBP-C paralogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. R. Perazza
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - G. Wei
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - L. V. Thompson
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA
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3
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Dowling P, Gargan S, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Fiber-Type Shifting in Sarcopenia of Old Age: Proteomic Profiling of the Contractile Apparatus of Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032415. [PMID: 36768735 PMCID: PMC9916839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and concomitant reduction in contractile strength plays a central role in frailty syndrome. Age-related neuronal impairments are closely associated with sarcopenia in the elderly, which is characterized by severe muscular atrophy that can considerably lessen the overall quality of life at old age. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomic surveys of senescent human skeletal muscles, as well as animal models of sarcopenia, have decisively improved our understanding of the molecular and cellular consequences of muscular atrophy and associated fiber-type shifting during aging. This review outlines the mass spectrometric identification of proteome-wide changes in atrophying skeletal muscles, with a focus on contractile proteins as potential markers of changes in fiber-type distribution patterns. The observed trend of fast-to-slow transitions in individual human skeletal muscles during the aging process is most likely linked to a preferential susceptibility of fast-twitching muscle fibers to muscular atrophy. Studies with senescent animal models, including mostly aged rodent skeletal muscles, have confirmed fiber-type shifting. The proteomic analysis of fast versus slow isoforms of key contractile proteins, such as myosin heavy chains, myosin light chains, actins, troponins and tropomyosins, suggests them as suitable bioanalytical tools of fiber-type transitions during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gargan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bonn, D53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-7083842
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4
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Ni S, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Du X, Zhang S. Identification of ATP synthase α subunit as a new maternal factor capable of protecting zebrafish embryos from bacterial infection. FASEB J 2019; 33:12983-13001. [PMID: 31518507 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901290r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that ATP synthase α subunit (ATP5A1) plays multiple roles, but our understanding of its biologic functions remains poor and incomprehensive. Here, we clearly demonstrated that zebrafish ATP5A1 was a newly characterized lipoteichoic acid (LTA)- and LPS-binding protein abundantly stored in the eggs and embryos of zebrafish. Zebrafish ATP5A1 acted not only as a pattern recognition receptor, capable of identifying LTA and LPS, but also as an effector molecule, capable of inhibiting the growth of both gram-positive and -negative bacteria. ATP5A1 could disrupt the bacterial membranes by a combined action of membrane depolarization and permeabilization. We also found that the N-terminal 65 residues were critical for the antibacterial activity of zebrafish ATP5A1. In particular, we showed that microinjection of exogenous recombinant (r)ATP5A1 into early embryos could promote their resistance against pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila challenge, and this pathogen-resistant activity was markedly reduced by the coinjection of anti-ATP5A1 antibody or by the knockdown with morpholino for atp5a1 but not by the coinjection of anti-actin antibody. Moreover, each egg/embryo contains a sufficient amount of ATP5A1 in vivo to kill A. hydrophila. Furthermore, the N-terminal 65 residues 1-65 of ATP5A1 α subunit (rA1-65) with in vitro antibacterial activity also promoted the resistance of embryos against A. hydrophila, but the N-terminal 69 residues 66-134 (rA66-134) or C-terminal residues 135-551 (rA135-551) of ATP5A1 α subunit without in vitro antibacterial activity did not. Finally, we showed that the antibacterial activity of the N-terminal 65 residues of ATP5A1 α subunit was conserved throughout animal evolution. Collectively, these results indicate that ATP5A1 is a novel maternal immunocompetent factor that can protect the early embryos of zebrafish from bacterial infection. This work also provides a new viewpoint for understanding the biologic roles of ATP5A1, which is ubiquitously present in animals.-Ni, S., Zhou, Y., Chen, Y., Du, X., Zhang, S. Identification of ATP synthase α subunit as a new maternal factor capable of protecting zebrafish embryos from bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shousheng Ni
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Du
- North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Centre, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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5
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Gonos ES, Kapetanou M, Sereikaite J, Bartosz G, Naparło K, Grzesik M, Sadowska-Bartosz I. Origin and pathophysiology of protein carbonylation, nitration and chlorination in age-related brain diseases and aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:868-901. [PMID: 29779015 PMCID: PMC5990388 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic protein modifications occur inevitably in all living systems. Products of such modifications accumulate during aging of cells and organisms and may contribute to their age-related functional deterioration. This review presents the formation of irreversible protein modifications such as carbonylation, nitration and chlorination, modifications by 4-hydroxynonenal, removal of modified proteins and accumulation of these protein modifications during aging of humans and model organisms, and their enhanced accumulation in age-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios S Gonos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Marianna Kapetanou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens 11635, Greece.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Jolanta Sereikaite
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius 2040, Lithuania
| | - Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Naparło
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow 35-601, Poland
| | - Michalina Grzesik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow 35-601, Poland
| | - Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow 35-601, Poland
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6
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Colombo G, Garavaglia ML, Astori E, Giustarini D, Rossi R, Milzani A, Dalle-Donne I. Protein carbonylation in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 35:345-360. [PMID: 30648195 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a well-established exogenous risk factor containing toxic reactive molecules able to induce oxidative stress, which in turn contributes to smoking-related diseases, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, and oral cavity diseases. We investigated the effects of cigarette smoke extract on human bronchial epithelial cells. Cells were exposed to various concentrations (2.5-5-10-20%) of cigarette smoke extract for 1, 3, and 24 h. Carbonylation was assessed by 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine using both immunocytochemical and Western immunoblotting assays. Cigarette smoke induced increasing protein carbonylation in a concentration-dependent manner. The main carbonylated proteins were identified by means of two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled to MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis and database search (redox proteomics). We demonstrated that exposure of bronchial cells to cigarette smoke extract induces carbonylation of a large number of proteins distributed throughout the cell. Proteins undergoing carbonylation are involved in primary metabolic processes, such as protein and lipid metabolism and metabolite and energy production as well as in fundamental cellular processes, such as cell cycle and chromosome segregation, thus confirming that reactive carbonyl species contained in cigarette smoke markedly alter cell homeostasis and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Colombo
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Lisa Garavaglia
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Astori
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Dalle-Donne
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
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7
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Cobley JN, Sakellariou GK, Husi H, McDonagh B. Proteomic strategies to unravel age-related redox signalling defects in skeletal muscle. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 132:24-32. [PMID: 30219702 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased oxidative damage and disrupted redox signalling are consistently associated with age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Redox signalling can directly regulate biogenesis and degradation pathways and indirectly via activation of key transcription factors. Contracting skeletal muscle fibres endogenously generate free radicals (e.g. superoxide) and non-radical derivatives (e.g. hydrogen peroxide). Exercise induced redox signalling can promote beneficial adaptive responses that are disrupted by age-related redox changes. Identifying and quantifying the redox signalling pathways responsible for successful adaptation to exercise makes skeletal muscle an attractive physiological model for redox proteomic approaches. Site specific identification of the redox modification and quantification of site occupancy in the context of protein abundance remains a crucial concept for redox proteomics approaches. Notwithstanding, the technical limitations associated with skeletal muscle for proteomic analysis, we discuss current approaches for the identification and quantification of transient and stable redox modifications that have been employed to date in ageing research. We also discuss recent developments in proteomic approaches in skeletal muscle and potential implications and opportunities for investigating disrupted redox signalling in skeletal muscle ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Cobley
- Free Radical Laboratory, Departments of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK
| | | | - Holger Husi
- Free Radical Laboratory, Departments of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Brian McDonagh
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Ireland.
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Lone SA, Mohanty TK, Baithalu RK, Yadav HP. Sperm protein carbonylation. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13233. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad Lone
- Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology & Obstetrics ICAR‐National Dairy Research Institute Karnal India
| | - Tushar Kumar Mohanty
- Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology & Obstetrics ICAR‐National Dairy Research Institute Karnal India
| | - Rubina Kumari Baithalu
- Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology & Obstetrics ICAR‐National Dairy Research Institute Karnal India
| | - Hanuman Prasad Yadav
- Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology & Obstetrics ICAR‐National Dairy Research Institute Karnal India
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9
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Lipid Peroxidation-Derived Aldehydes, 4-Hydroxynonenal and Malondialdehyde in Aging-Related Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7080102. [PMID: 30061536 PMCID: PMC6115986 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7080102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the various mechanisms involved in aging, it was proposed long ago that a prominent role is played by oxidative stress. A major way by which the latter can provoke structural damage to biological macromolecules, such as DNA, lipids, and proteins, is by fueling the peroxidation of membrane lipids, leading to the production of several reactive aldehydes. Lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes can not only modify biological macromolecules, by forming covalent electrophilic addition products with them, but also act as second messengers of oxidative stress, having relatively extended lifespans. Their effects might be further enhanced with aging, as their concentrations in cells and biological fluids increase with age. Since the involvement and the role of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes, particularly of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), in neurodegenerations, inflammation, and cancer, has been discussed in several excellent recent reviews, in the present one we focus on the involvement of reactive aldehydes in other age-related disorders: osteopenia, sarcopenia, immunosenescence and myelodysplastic syndromes. In these aging-related disorders, characterized by increases of oxidative stress, both HNE and malondialdehyde (MDA) play important pathogenic roles. These aldehydes, and HNE in particular, can form adducts with circulating or cellular proteins of critical functional importance, such as the proteins involved in apoptosis in muscle cells, thus leading to their functional decay and acceleration of their molecular turnover and functionality. We suggest that a major fraction of the toxic effects observed in age-related disorders could depend on the formation of aldehyde-protein adducts. New redox proteomic approaches, pinpointing the modifications of distinct cell proteins by the aldehydes generated in the course of oxidative stress, should be extended to these age-associated disorders, to pave the way to targeted therapeutic strategies, aiming to alleviate the burden of morbidity and mortality associated with these disturbances.
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Smith NT, Soriano-Arroquia A, Goljanek-Whysall K, Jackson MJ, McDonagh B. Redox responses are preserved across muscle fibres with differential susceptibility to aging. J Proteomics 2018; 177:112-123. [PMID: 29438851 PMCID: PMC5884322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-related loss of muscle mass and function is associated with increased frailty and loss of independence. The mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of different muscle types to age-related atrophy are not fully understood. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are recognised as important signalling molecules in healthy muscle and redox sensitive proteins can respond to intracellular changes in ROS concentrations modifying reactive thiol groups on Cysteine (Cys) residues. Conserved Cys residues tend to occur in functionally important locations and can have a direct impact on protein function through modifications at the active site or determining protein conformation. The aim of this work was to determine age-related changes in the redox proteome of two metabolically distinct murine skeletal muscles, the quadriceps a predominantly glycolytic muscle and the soleus which contains a higher proportion of mitochondria. To examine the effects of aging on the global proteome and the oxidation state of individual redox sensitive Cys residues, we employed a label free proteomics approach including a differential labelling of reduced and reversibly oxidised Cys residues. Our results indicate the proteomic response to aging is dependent on muscle type but redox changes that occur primarily in metabolic and cytoskeletal proteins are generally preserved between metabolically distinct tissues. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Skeletal muscle containing fast twitch glycolytic fibres are more susceptible to age related atrophy compared to muscles with higher proportions of oxidative slow twitch fibres. Contracting skeletal muscle generates reactive oxygen species that are required for correct signalling and adaptation to exercise and it is also known that the intracellular redox environment changes with age. To identify potential mechanisms for the distinct response to age, this article combines a global proteomic approach and a differential labelling of reduced and reversibly oxidised Cysteine residues in two metabolically distinct skeletal muscles, quadriceps and soleus, from adult and old mice. Our results indicate that the global proteomic changes with age in skeletal muscles are dependent on fibre type. However, redox specific changes are preserved across muscle types and accompanied with a reduction in the number of redox sensitive Cysteine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil T Smith
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Ana Soriano-Arroquia
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Malcolm J Jackson
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Brian McDonagh
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.
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11
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Mostek A, Dietrich MA, Słowińska M, Ciereszko A. Cryopreservation of bull semen is associated with carbonylation of sperm proteins. Theriogenology 2017; 92:95-102. [PMID: 28237350 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Artificial insemination with cryopreserved semen enables affordable, large-scale dissemination of gametes with superior genetics. However, cryopreservation can cause functional and structural damage to spermatozoa that is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, impairment of sperm motility and decreased fertilizing potential, but little attention has been paid to protein changes. The goal of this study was to investigate the oxidative modifications (measured as carbonylation level changes) of bull spermatozoa proteins triggered by the cryopreservation process. Flow cytometry and computer-assisted sperm analysis were used to evaluate changes in viability, ROS level and motility of spermatozoa. Western blotting, in conjunction with two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-oxyblot) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight spectrometry, was employed to identify and quantify the specifically carbonylated spermatozoa proteins. Cryopreservation decreased motility and viability but increased the number of ROS-positive cells. We identified 11 proteins (ropporin-1, outer dense fiber protein 2, glutathione S-transferase, triosephosphate isomerase, capping protein beta 3 isoform, actin-related protein M1, actin-related protein T2, NADH dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, cilia- and flagella-associated protein 161, phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4) showing differences in protein carbonylation in response to cryopreservation. The identified proteins are associated with cytoskeleton and flagella organization, detoxification and energy metabolism. Moreover, almost all of the identified carbonylated proteins are involved in capacitation. Our results indicate for the first time that cryopreservation induces oxidation of selected sperm proteins via carbonylation. We suggest that carbonylation of sperm proteins could be a direct result of oxidative stress and potentially lead to disturbances of capacitation-involved proteins or could indicate cryopreservation-induced premature capacitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mostek
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Mariola Aleksandra Dietrich
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mariola Słowińska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ciereszko
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Department of Gamete and Embryo Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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12
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Cross-talk between lipid and protein carbonylation in a dynamic cardiomyocyte model of mild nitroxidative stress. Redox Biol 2016; 11:438-455. [PMID: 28086193 PMCID: PMC5226815 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) play an important role in the regulation of cardiac function. Increase in ROS/RNS concentration results in lipid and protein oxidation and is often associated with onset and/or progression of many cardiovascular disorders. However, interplay between lipid and protein modifications has not been simultaneously studied in detail so far. Biomolecule carbonylation is one of the most common biomarkers of oxidative stress. Using a dynamic model of nitroxidative stress we demonstrated rapid changes in biomolecule carbonylation in rat cardiomyocytes. Levels of carbonylated species increased as early as 15min upon treatment with the peroxynitrite donor, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), and decreased to values close to control after 16h. Total (lipids+proteins) vs. protein-specific carbonylation showed different dynamics, with a significant increase in protein-bound carbonyls at later time points. Treatment with SIN-1 in combination with inhibitors of proteasomal and autophagy/lysosomal degradation pathways allowed confirmation of a significant role of the proteasome in the degradation of carbonylated proteins, whereas lipid carbonylation increased in the presence of autophagy/lysosomal inhibitors. Electrophilic aldehydes and ketones formed by lipid peroxidation were identified and relatively quantified using LC-MS/MS. Molecular identity of reactive species was used for data-driven analysis of their protein targets. Combination of different enrichment strategies with LC-MS/MS analysis allowed identification of more than 167 unique proteins with 332 sites modified by electrophilic lipid peroxidation products. Gene ontology analysis of modified proteins demonstrated enrichment of several functional categories including proteins involved in cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, ion channels and their regulation. Using calcium mobilization assays, the effect of nitroxidative stress on the activity of several ion channels was further confirmed.
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Murphy S, Dowling P, Ohlendieck K. Comparative Skeletal Muscle Proteomics Using Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis. Proteomes 2016; 4:proteomes4030027. [PMID: 28248237 PMCID: PMC5217355 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes4030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pioneering work by Patrick H. O’Farrell established two-dimensional gel electrophoresis as one of the most important high-resolution protein separation techniques of modern biochemistry (Journal of Biological Chemistry1975, 250, 4007–4021). The application of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has played a key role in the systematic identification and detailed characterization of the protein constituents of skeletal muscles. Protein changes during myogenesis, muscle maturation, fibre type specification, physiological muscle adaptations and natural muscle aging were studied in depth by the original O’Farrell method or slightly modified gel electrophoretic techniques. Over the last 40 years, the combined usage of isoelectric focusing in the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis in the second dimension has been successfully employed in several hundred published studies on gel-based skeletal muscle biochemistry. This review focuses on normal and physiologically challenged skeletal muscle tissues and outlines key findings from mass spectrometry-based muscle proteomics, which was instrumental in the identification of several thousand individual protein isoforms following gel electrophoretic separation. These muscle-associated protein species belong to the diverse group of regulatory and contractile proteins of the acto-myosin apparatus that forms the sarcomere, cytoskeletal proteins, metabolic enzymes and transporters, signaling proteins, ion-handling proteins, molecular chaperones and extracellular matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Murphy
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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Ugur Z, Gronert S. A Robust Analytical Approach for the Identification of Specific Protein Carbonylation Sites: Metal-Catalyzed Oxidations of Human Serum Albumin. ANAL LETT 2016; 50:567-579. [PMID: 28303033 DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1186171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The formation of protein carbonyls in the metal-catalyzed oxidation of human serum albumin (HSA) is characterized using a new analytical approach that involves tagging the modification site with multiple hydrazide reagents. Protein carbonyl formation at lysine and arginine residues was catalyzed with copper and iron ions, and the resulting oxidation patterns in HSA are contrasted. A total of 18 modification sites were identified with iron ion catalysis and 14 with copper ion catalysis. However, with the more stringent requirement of identification with at least two tagging reagents, the number of validated modification sites drops to 10 for iron and 9 for copper. Of the 14 total validated sites, there were only five in common for the two metal ions. The results illustrate the value of using multiple tagging agents and highlight the selective and specific nature of metal-catalyzed protein oxidations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Ugur
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA
| | - Scott Gronert
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA
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15
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Role of Protein Carbonylation in Skeletal Muscle Mass Loss Associated with Chronic Conditions. Proteomes 2016; 4:proteomes4020018. [PMID: 28248228 PMCID: PMC5217349 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes4020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle dysfunction, characterized by a reductive remodeling of muscle fibers, is a common systemic manifestation in highly prevalent conditions such as chronic heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer cachexia, and critically ill patients. Skeletal muscle dysfunction and impaired muscle mass may predict morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic diseases, regardless of the underlying condition. High levels of oxidants may alter function and structure of key cellular molecules such as proteins, DNA, and lipids, leading to cellular injury and death. Protein oxidation including protein carbonylation was demonstrated to modify enzyme activity and DNA binding of transcription factors, while also rendering proteins more prone to proteolytic degradation. Given the relevance of protein oxidation in the pathophysiology of many chronic conditions and their comorbidities, the current review focuses on the analysis of different studies in which the biological and clinical significance of the modifications induced by reactive carbonyls on proteins have been explored so far in skeletal muscles of patients and animal models of chronic conditions such as COPD, disuse muscle atrophy, cancer cachexia, sepsis, and physiological aging. Future research will elucidate the specific impact and sites of reactive carbonyls on muscle protein content and function in human conditions.
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Abstract
The α,β polyunsaturated lipid aldehydes are potent lipid electrophiles that covalently modify lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Recent work highlights the critical role these lipids play under both physiological and pathological conditions. Protein carbonylation resulting from nucleophilic attack of lysine, histidine, and cysteine residues is a major outcome of oxidative stress and functions as a redox-sensitive signaling mechanism with roles in autophagy, cell proliferation, transcriptional control, and apoptosis. In addition, protein carbonylation is implicated as an initiating factor in mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress, providing a mechanistic connection between oxidative stress and metabolic disease. In this review, we discuss the generation and metabolism of reactive lipid aldehydes, as well as their signaling roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Hauck
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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17
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Diolez P, Bourdel-Marchasson I, Calmettes G, Pasdois P, Detaille D, Rouland R, Gouspillou G. Hypothesis on Skeletal Muscle Aging: Mitochondrial Adenine Nucleotide Translocator Decreases Reactive Oxygen Species Production While Preserving Coupling Efficiency. Front Physiol 2015; 6:369. [PMID: 26733871 PMCID: PMC4679911 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial membrane potential is the major regulator of mitochondrial functions, including coupling efficiency and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both functions are crucial for cell bioenergetics. We previously presented evidences for a specific modulation of adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) appearing during aging that results in a decrease in membrane potential - and therefore ROS production-but surprisingly increases coupling efficiency under conditions of low ATP turnover. Careful study of the bioenergetic parameters (oxidation and phosphorylation rates, membrane potential) of isolated mitochondria from skeletal muscles (gastrocnemius) of aged and young rats revealed a remodeling at the level of the phosphorylation system, in the absence of alteration of the inner mitochondrial membrane (uncoupling) or respiratory chain complexes regulation. We further observed a decrease in mitochondrial affinity for ADP in aged isolated mitochondria, and higher sensitivity of ANT to its specific inhibitor atractyloside. This age-induced modification of ANT results in an increase in the ADP concentration required to sustain the same ATP turnover as compared to young muscle, and therefore in a lower membrane potential under phosphorylating-in vivo-conditions. Thus, for equivalent ATP turnover (cellular ATP demand), coupling efficiency is even higher in aged muscle mitochondria, due to the down-regulation of inner membrane proton leak caused by the decrease in membrane potential. In the framework of the radical theory of aging, these modifications in ANT function may be the result of oxidative damage caused by intra mitochondrial ROS and may appear like a virtuous circle where ROS induce a mechanism that reduces their production, without causing uncoupling, and even leading in improved efficiency. Because of the importance of ROS as therapeutic targets, this new mechanism deserves further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Diolez
- INSERM U1045 - Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux and LIRYC, Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Université de Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux Pessac, France
| | - Isabelle Bourdel-Marchasson
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Gérontologie CliniqueBordeaux, France; Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Calmettes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Pasdois
- INSERM U1045 - Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux and LIRYC, Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Université de Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux Pessac, France
| | - Dominique Detaille
- INSERM U1045 - Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux and LIRYC, Institut de Rythmologie et Modélisation Cardiaque, Université de Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux Pessac, France
| | - Richard Rouland
- Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux, France
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Département des Sciences de l'activité Physique, Université du Québec À Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
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18
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Johnson ML, Lalia AZ, Dasari S, Pallauf M, Fitch M, Hellerstein MK, Lanza IR. Eicosapentaenoic acid but not docosahexaenoic acid restores skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity in old mice. Aging Cell 2015; 14:734-43. [PMID: 26010060 PMCID: PMC4568961 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is often observed in aging skeletal muscle and is implicated in age-related declines in physical function. Early evidence suggests that dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) improve mitochondrial function. Here, we show that 10 weeks of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation partially attenuated the age-related decline in mitochondrial function in mice, but this effect was not observed with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The improvement in mitochondrial function with EPA occurred in the absence of any changes in mitochondrial abundance or biogenesis, which was evaluated from RNA sequencing, large-scale proteomics, and direct measurements of muscle mitochondrial protein synthesis rates. We find that EPA improves muscle protein quality, specifically by decreasing mitochondrial protein carbamylation, a post-translational modification that is driven by inflammation. These results demonstrate that EPA attenuated the age-related loss of mitochondrial function and improved mitochondrial protein quality through a mechanism that is likely linked with anti-inflammatory properties of n-3 PUFAs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that EPA and DHA exert some common biological effects (anticoagulation, anti-inflammatory, reduced FXR/RXR activation), but also exhibit many distinct biological effects, a finding that underscores the importance of evaluating the therapeutic potential of individual n-3 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester MN USA
| | - Antigoni Z. Lalia
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester MN USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester MN USA
| | - Maximilian Pallauf
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester MN USA
| | - Mark Fitch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA USA
| | - Marc K. Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA USA
| | - Ian R. Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester MN USA
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19
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Verrastro I, Pasha S, Jensen KT, Pitt AR, Spickett CM. Mass spectrometry-based methods for identifying oxidized proteins in disease: advances and challenges. Biomolecules 2015; 5:378-411. [PMID: 25874603 PMCID: PMC4496678 DOI: 10.3390/biom5020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many inflammatory diseases have an oxidative aetiology, which leads to oxidative damage to biomolecules, including proteins. It is now increasingly recognized that oxidative post-translational modifications (oxPTMs) of proteins affect cell signalling and behaviour, and can contribute to pathology. Moreover, oxidized proteins have potential as biomarkers for inflammatory diseases. Although many assays for generic protein oxidation and breakdown products of protein oxidation are available, only advanced tandem mass spectrometry approaches have the power to localize specific oxPTMs in identified proteins. While much work has been carried out using untargeted or discovery mass spectrometry approaches, identification of oxPTMs in disease has benefitted from the development of sophisticated targeted or semi-targeted scanning routines, combined with chemical labeling and enrichment approaches. Nevertheless, many potential pitfalls exist which can result in incorrect identifications. This review explains the limitations, advantages and challenges of all of these approaches to detecting oxidatively modified proteins, and provides an update on recent literature in which they have been used to detect and quantify protein oxidation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Verrastro
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Sabah Pasha
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Karina Tveen Jensen
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Andrew R Pitt
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Corinne M Spickett
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
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20
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Das N, Jana CK. Age-associated oxidative modifications of mitochondrial α-subunit of F1 ATP synthase from mouse skeletal muscles. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:954-61. [PMID: 25790938 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1017477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the pattern of age-associated oxidative post-translational modifications in the skeletal muscles of a mammalian species and to address whether the modifications result in the loss of function of the oxidatively modified protein(s). Accordingly, proteins in the mitochondrial matrix of the hind limb of C57BL/6Nnia mice were examined for modifications by carbonylation--an established marker of oxidative post-translational modifications--by Western blotting using anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl antibodies and tritiated sodium borohydride methods. An age-associated increase in carbonylation of mitochondrial matrix proteins was observed, but not all proteins were equally susceptible. A 55 kDa protein, identified as the α-subunit of the F1 complex of ATP synthase (ATP phosphohydrolase [H(+)-transporting]), had approximately 17% and 27% higher levels of protein carbonyls in adult and old animals, respectively, in comparison to the young controls as estimated using tritiated sodium borohydride. In addition, an age-associated decline in its activity was observed, with approximately 9% and 28% decrease in the activity in the adult and old animals, respectively, in comparison to young controls. It may be concluded that such oxidative post-translational modifications and the resultant attenuation of the protein activity may contribute to the age-related energy loss and muscular degeneracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Visva-Bharati University , Santiniketan, West Bengal , India
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21
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Johnson ML, Irving BA, Lanza IR, Vendelbo MH, Konopka AR, Robinson MM, Henderson GC, Klaus KA, Morse DM, Heppelmann C, Bergen HR, Dasari S, Schimke JM, Jakaitis DR, Nair KS. Differential Effect of Endurance Training on Mitochondrial Protein Damage, Degradation, and Acetylation in the Context of Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:1386-93. [PMID: 25504576 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute aerobic exercise increases reactive oxygen species and could potentially damage proteins, but exercise training (ET) enhances mitochondrial respiration irrespective of age. Here, we report a differential impact of ET on protein quality in young and older participants. Using mass spectrometry we measured oxidative damage to skeletal muscle proteins before and after 8 weeks of ET and find that young but not older participants reduced oxidative damage to both total skeletal muscle and mitochondrial proteins. Young participants showed higher total and mitochondrial derived semitryptic peptides and 26S proteasome activity indicating increased protein degradation. ET however, increased the activity of the endogenous antioxidants in older participants. ET also increased skeletal muscle content of the mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3 in both groups. A reduction in the acetylation of isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 was observed following ET that may counteract the effect of acute oxidative stress. In conclusion aging is associated with an inability to improve skeletal muscle and mitochondrial protein quality in response to ET by increasing degradation of damaged proteins. ET does however increase muscle and mitochondrial antioxidant capacity in older individuals, which provides increased buffering from the acute oxidative effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Present address: Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Surendra Dasari
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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22
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Peinado JR, Diaz-Ruiz A, Frühbeck G, Malagon MM. Mitochondria in metabolic disease: getting clues from proteomic studies. Proteomics 2014; 14:452-66. [PMID: 24339000 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role as major regulators of cellular energy homeostasis, but in the context of mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondria may generate reactive oxidative species and induce cellular apoptosis. Indeed, altered mitochondrial status has been linked to the pathogenesis of several metabolic disorders and specially disorders related to insulin resistance, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other comorbidities comprising the metabolic syndrome. In the present review, we summarize information from various mitochondrial proteomic studies of insulin-sensitive tissues under different metabolic states. To that end, we first focus our attention on the pancreas, as mitochondrial malfunction has been shown to contribute to beta cell failure and impaired insulin release. Furthermore, proteomic studies of mitochondria obtained from liver, muscle, and adipose tissue are summarized, as these tissues constitute the primary insulin target metabolic tissues. Since recent advances in proteomic techniques have exposed the importance of PTMs in the development of metabolic disease, we also present information on specific PTMs that may directly affect mitochondria during the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. Specifically, mitochondrial protein acetylation, phosphorylation, and other PTMs related to oxidative damage, such as nitrosylation and carbonylation, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Peinado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ciudad Real, Spain
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23
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Narayanasamy SK, Simpson DC, Martin I, Grotewiel M, Gronert S. Paraquat exposure and Sod2 knockdown have dissimilar impacts on the Drosophila melanogaster carbonylated protein proteome. Proteomics 2014; 14:2566-77. [PMID: 25091824 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to Paraquat and RNA interference knockdown of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Sod2) are known to result in significant lifespan reduction, locomotor dysfunction, and mitochondrial degeneration in Drosophila melanogaster. Both perturbations increase the flux of the progenitor ROS, superoxide, but the molecular underpinnings of the resulting phenotypes are poorly understood. Improved understanding of such processes could lead to advances in the treatment of numerous age-related disorders. Superoxide toxicity can act through protein carbonylation. Analysis of carbonylated proteins is attractive since carbonyl groups are not present in the 20 canonical amino acids and are amenable to labeling and enrichment strategies. Here, carbonylated proteins were labeled with biotin hydrazide and enriched on streptavidin beads. On-bead digestion was used to release carbonylated protein peptides, with relative abundance ratios versus controls obtained using the iTRAQ MS-based proteomics approach. Western blotting and biotin quantitation assay approaches were also investigated. By both Western blotting and proteomics, Paraquat exposure, but not Sod2 knockdown, resulted in increased carbonylated protein relative abundance. For Paraquat exposure versus control, the median carbonylated protein relative abundance ratio (1.53) determined using MS-based proteomics was in good agreement with that obtained using a commercial biotin quantitation kit (1.36).
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24
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Brinkmeier H, Ohlendieck K. Chaperoning heat shock proteins: Proteomic analysis and relevance for normal and dystrophin-deficient muscle. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:875-95. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology; National University of Ireland; Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland
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25
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The effect of radiation dose on mouse skeletal muscle remodeling. Radiol Oncol 2014; 48:247-56. [PMID: 25177239 PMCID: PMC4110081 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2014-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two clinically relevant radiation doses on the susceptibility of mouse skeletal muscle to remodeling. Materials and methods. Alterations in muscle morphology and regulatory signaling were examined in tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles after radiation doses that differed in total biological effective dose (BED). Female C57BL/6 (8-wk) mice were randomly assigned to non-irradiated control, four fractionated doses of 4 Gy (4x4 Gy; BED 37 Gy), or a single 16 Gy dose (16 Gy; BED 100 Gy). Mice were sacrificed 2 weeks after the initial radiation exposure. Results The 16 Gy, but not 4x4 Gy, decreased total muscle protein and RNA content. Related to muscle regeneration, both 16 Gy and 4x4 Gy increased the incidence of central nuclei containing myofibers, but only 16 Gy increased the extracellular matrix volume. However, only 4x4 Gy increased muscle 4-hydroxynonenal expression. While both 16 Gy and 4x4 Gy decreased IIB myofiber mean cross-sectional area (CSA), only 16 Gy decreased IIA myofiber CSA. 16 Gy increased the incidence of small diameter IIA and IIB myofibers, while 4x4 Gy only increased the incidence of small diameter IIB myofibers. Both treatments decreased the frequency and CSA of low succinate dehydrogenase activity (SDH) fibers. Only 16 Gy increased the incidence of small diameter myofibers having high SDH activity. Neither treatment altered muscle signaling related to protein turnover or oxidative metabolism. Conclusions Collectively, these results demonstrate that radiation dose differentially affects muscle remodeling, and these effects appear to be related to fiber type and oxidative metabolism.
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26
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Akki A, Yang H, Gupta A, Chacko VP, Yano T, Leppo MK, Steenbergen C, Walston J, Weiss RG. Skeletal muscle ATP kinetics are impaired in frail mice. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:21-30. [PMID: 23695949 PMCID: PMC3889887 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-10 knockout mouse (IL10(tm/tm)) has been proposed as a model for human frailty, a geriatric syndrome characterized by skeletal muscle (SM) weakness, because it develops an age-related decline in SM strength compared to control (C57BL/6J) mice. Compromised energy metabolism and energy deprivation appear to play a central role in muscle weakness in metabolic myopathies and muscular dystrophies. Nonetheless, it is not known whether SM energy metabolism is altered in frailty. A combination of in vivo (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and biochemical assays was used to measure high-energy phosphate concentrations, the rate of ATP synthesis via creatine kinase (CK), the primary energy reserve reaction in SM, as well as the unidirectional rates of ATP synthesis from inorganic phosphate (Pi) in hind limb SM of 92-week-old control (n = 7) and IL10(tm/tm) (n = 6) mice. SM Phosphocreatine (20.2 ± 2.3 vs. 16.8 ± 2.3 μmol/g, control vs. IL10(tm/tm), p < 0.05), ATP flux via CK (5.0 ± 0.9 vs. 3.1 ± 1.1 μmol/g/s, p < 0.01), ATP synthesis from inorganic phosphate (Pi → ATP) (0.58 ± 0.3 vs. 0.26 ± 0.2 μmol/g/s, p < 0.05) and the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis (∆G ∼ATP) were significantly lower and [Pi] (2.8 ± 1.0 vs. 5.3 ± 2.0 μmol/g, control vs. IL10(tm/tm), p < 0.05) markedly higher in IL10(tm/tm) than in control mice. These observations demonstrate that, despite normal in vitro metabolic enzyme activities, in vivo SM ATP kinetics, high-energy phosphate levels and energy release from ATP hydrolysis are reduced and inorganic phosphate is elevated in a murine model of frailty. These observations do not prove, but are consistent with the premise, that energetic abnormalities may contribute metabolically to SM weakness in this geriatric syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Akki
- />Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- />Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Huanle Yang
- />Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ashish Gupta
- />Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- />Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Vadappuram P. Chacko
- />Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Toshiyuki Yano
- />Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Michelle K. Leppo
- />Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Charles Steenbergen
- />Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jeremy Walston
- />Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Robert G. Weiss
- />Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- />Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- />The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Blalock 544, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-6568 USA
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27
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Gouspillou G, Bourdel-Marchasson I, Rouland R, Calmettes G, Biran M, Deschodt-Arsac V, Miraux S, Thiaudiere E, Pasdois P, Detaille D, Franconi JM, Babot M, Trézéguet V, Arsac L, Diolez P. Mitochondrial energetics is impaired in vivo in aged skeletal muscle. Aging Cell 2014; 13:39-48. [PMID: 23919652 PMCID: PMC4326861 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With aging, most skeletal muscles undergo a progressive loss of mass and strength, a process termed sarcopenia. Aging-related defects in mitochondrial energetics have been proposed to be causally involved in sarcopenia. However, changes in muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation with aging remain a highly controversial issue, creating a pressing need for integrative approaches to determine whether mitochondrial bioenergetics are impaired in aged skeletal muscle. To address this issue, mitochondrial bioenergetics was first investigated in vivo in the gastrocnemius muscle of adult (6 months) and aged (21 months) male Wistar rats by combining a modular control analysis approach with 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements of energetic metabolites. Using this innovative approach, we revealed that the in vivo responsiveness (‘elasticity’) of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to contraction-induced increase in ATP demand is significantly reduced in aged skeletal muscle, a reduction especially pronounced under low contractile activities. In line with this in vivo aging-related defect in mitochondrial energetics, we found that the mitochondrial affinity for ADP is significantly decreased in mitochondria isolated from aged skeletal muscle. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate that mitochondrial bioenergetics are effectively altered in vivo in aged skeletal muscle and provide a novel cellular basis for this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Gouspillou
- Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques; UMR 5536 CNRS - Bordeaux Segalen University; Bordeaux France
- Département de Kinanthropologie; Université du Québec à Montréal; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Isabelle Bourdel-Marchasson
- Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques; UMR 5536 CNRS - Bordeaux Segalen University; Bordeaux France
- CHU de Bordeaux; Pôle de gérontologie clinique; Bordeaux France
| | - Richard Rouland
- Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques; UMR 5536 CNRS - Bordeaux Segalen University; Bordeaux France
| | - Guillaume Calmettes
- Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques; UMR 5536 CNRS - Bordeaux Segalen University; Bordeaux France
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology); David Geffen School of Medicine; University of California; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Marc Biran
- Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques; UMR 5536 CNRS - Bordeaux Segalen University; Bordeaux France
| | - Véronique Deschodt-Arsac
- INSERM U1045 - Cardio-Thoracic Research Centre - and Rhythmology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC); Bordeaux University; Bordeaux France
| | - Sylvain Miraux
- Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques; UMR 5536 CNRS - Bordeaux Segalen University; Bordeaux France
| | - Eric Thiaudiere
- Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques; UMR 5536 CNRS - Bordeaux Segalen University; Bordeaux France
| | - Philippe Pasdois
- INSERM U1045 - Cardio-Thoracic Research Centre - and Rhythmology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC); Bordeaux University; Bordeaux France
| | - Dominique Detaille
- INSERM U1045 - Cardio-Thoracic Research Centre - and Rhythmology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC); Bordeaux University; Bordeaux France
| | - Jean-Michel Franconi
- Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques; UMR 5536 CNRS - Bordeaux Segalen University; Bordeaux France
| | - Marion Babot
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires; UMR 5095; CNRS-Université Bordeaux 2; Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Véronique Trézéguet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires; UMR 5095; CNRS-Université Bordeaux 2; Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Laurent Arsac
- Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques; UMR 5536 CNRS - Bordeaux Segalen University; Bordeaux France
| | - Philippe Diolez
- INSERM U1045 - Cardio-Thoracic Research Centre - and Rhythmology and Heart Modeling Institute (LIRYC); Bordeaux University; Bordeaux France
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28
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Mermelekas G, Makridakis M, Koeck T, Vlahou A. Redox proteomics: from residue modifications to putative biomarker identification by gel- and LC-MS-based approaches. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 10:537-49. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2013.855611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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29
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Cabiscol E, Tamarit J, Ros J. Protein carbonylation: proteomics, specificity and relevance to aging. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2014; 33:21-48. [PMID: 24114980 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Detection and quantification of protein carbonyls present in biological samples has become a popular, albeit indirect, method to determine the existence of oxidative stress. Moreover, the rise of proteomics has allowed the identification of the specific proteins targeted by protein carbonylation. This review discusses these methodologies and proteomic strategies and then focuses on the relationship between protein carbonylation and aging and the parameters that may explain the increased sensitivity of certain proteins to protein carbonylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cabiscol
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, IRB Lleida, Universitat de Lleida, Av. Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
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30
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Tohma H, El-Shafey AF, Croft K, Shavlakadze T, Grounds MD, Arthur PG. Protein thiol oxidation does not change in skeletal muscles of aging female mice. Biogerontology 2013; 15:87-98. [PMID: 24311290 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species is proposed to cause age related muscle wasting (sarcopenia). Reversible oxidation of protein thiols by reactive oxygen species can affect protein function, so we evaluated whether muscle wasting in normal aging was associated with a pervasive increase in reversible oxidation of protein thiols or with an increase in irreversible oxidative damage to macromolecules. In gastrocnemius muscles of C57BL/6J female mice aged 3, 15, 24, 27, and 29 months there was no age related increase in protein thiol oxidation. In contrast, there was a significant correlation (R (2) = 0.698) between increasing protein carbonylation, a measure of irreversible oxidative damage to proteins, and loss of mass of gastrocnemius muscles in aging female mice. In addition, there was an age-related increase in lipofuscin content, an aggregate of oxidised proteins and lipids, in quadriceps limb muscles in aging female mice. However, there was no evidence of an age-related increase in malondialdehyde or F2-isoprostanes levels, which are measures of oxidative damage to lipids, in gastrocnemius muscles. In summary, this study does not support the hypothesis that a pervasive increase in protein thiol oxidation is a contributing factor to sarcopenia. Instead, the data are consistent with an aging theory which proposes that molecular damage to macromolecules leads to the structural and functional disorders associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Tohma
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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31
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Chaves DFS, Carvalho PC, Lima DB, Nicastro H, Lorenzeti FM, Siqueira-Filho M, Hirabara SM, Alves PHM, Moresco JJ, Yates JR, Lancha AH. Comparative proteomic analysis of the aging soleus and extensor digitorum longus rat muscles using TMT labeling and mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:4532-46. [PMID: 24001182 PMCID: PMC3845496 DOI: 10.1021/pr400644x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia describes an age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function that ultimately impairs metabolism and leads to poor balance, frequent falling, limited mobility, and a reduction in quality of life. Here we investigate the pathogenesis of sarcopenia through a proteomic shotgun approach. In brief, we employed tandem mass tags to quantitate and compare the protein profiles obtained from young versus old rat slow-twitch type of muscle (soleus) and a fast-twitch type of muscle (extensor digitorum longus, EDL). Our results disclose 3452 and 1848 proteins identified from soleus and EDL muscles samples, of which 78 and 174 were found to be differentially expressed, respectively. In general, most of the proteins were structural related and involved in energy metabolism, oxidative stress, detoxification, or transport. Aging affected soleus and EDL muscles differently, and several proteins were regulated in opposite ways. For example, pyruvate kinase had its expression and activity different in both soleus and EDL muscles. We were able to verify with existing literature many of our differentially expressed proteins as candidate aging biomarkers and, most importantly, disclose several new candidate biomarkers such as the glioblastoma amplified sequence, zero β-globin, and prolargin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F S Chaves
- Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo , Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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32
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Proteomic and carbonylation profile analysis of rat skeletal muscles following acute swimming exercise. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71839. [PMID: 23967250 PMCID: PMC3742498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies by us and other groups characterized protein expression variation following long-term moderate training, whereas the effects of single bursts of exercise are less known. Making use of a proteomic approach, we investigated the effects of acute swimming exercise (ASE) on protein expression and carbonylation patterns in two hind limb muscles: the Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) and the Soleus, mostly composed of fast-twitch and slow-twitch fibres, respectively. Carbonylation is one of the most common oxidative modifications of proteins and a marker of oxidative stress. In fact, several studies suggest that physical activity and the consequent increase in oxygen consumption can lead to increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) production, hence the interest in examining the impact of RONS on skeletal muscle proteins following ASE. Results indicate that protein expression is unaffected by ASE in both muscle types. Unexpectedly, the protein carbonylation level was reduced following ASE. In particular, the analysis found 31 and 5 spots, in Soleus and EDL muscles respectively, whose carbonylation is reduced after ASE. Lipid peroxidation levels in Soleus were markedly reduced as well. Most of the decarbonylated proteins are involved either in the regulation of muscle contractions or in the regulation of energy metabolism. A number of hypotheses may be advanced to account for such results, which will be addressed in future studies.
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33
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Frohnert BI, Bernlohr DA. Protein carbonylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Adv Nutr 2013; 4:157-63. [PMID: 23493532 PMCID: PMC3649096 DOI: 10.3945/an.112.003319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been identified as a common mechanism for cellular damage and dysfunction in a wide variety of disease states. Current understanding of the metabolic changes associated with obesity and the development of insulin resistance has focused on the role of oxidative stress and its interaction with inflammatory processes at both the tissue and organismal level. Obesity-related oxidative stress is an important contributing factor in the development of insulin resistance in the adipocyte as well as the myocyte. Moreover, oxidative stress has been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, and this is thought to play a role in the metabolic defects associated with oxidative stress. Of the various effects of oxidative stress, protein carbonylation has been identified as a potential mechanism underlying mitochondrial dysfunction. As such, this review focuses on the relationship between protein carbonylation and mitochondrial biology and addresses those features that point to either the causal or casual relationship of lipid peroxidation-induced protein carbonylation as a determining factor in mitochondrial dysfunction.
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34
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Bachi A, Dalle-Donne I, Scaloni A. Redox Proteomics: Chemical Principles, Methodological Approaches and Biological/Biomedical Promises. Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300073p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bachi
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy
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35
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Wang S, Njoroge SK, Battle K, Zhang C, Hollins BC, Soper SA, Feng J. Two-dimensional nitrosylated protein fingerprinting by using poly (methyl methacrylate) microchips. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3362-3369. [PMID: 22766561 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40132k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation (also referred to as nitrosation), a reversible post translational modification (PTM) of cysteine, plays an important role in cellular functions and cell signalling pathways. Nitrosylated proteins are considered as biomarkers of aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microfluidics has been widely used for development of novel tools for separation of protein mixtures. Here we demonstrate two-dimensional micro-electrophoresis (2D μ-CE) separations of nitrosylated proteins from the human colon epithelial adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) and AD transgenic mice brain tissues. Sodium dodecyl sulphate micro-capillary gel electrophoresis (SDS μ-CGE) and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) were used for the first and second dimensional separations, respectively. The effective separation lengths for both dimensions were 10 mm, and electrokinetic injection was used with field strength at 200 V cm(-1). After 80 s separation in the first CGE dimension, fractions were successfully transferred to a second MEEKC dimension for a short 10 s separation. We first demonstrate this 2D μ-CE separation by resolving five standard proteins with molecular weight (MW) ranging from 20 to 64 kDa. We also present a high peak capacity 3D landscape image of nitrosylated proteins from HT-29 cells before and following menadione (MQ) treatment to induce oxidative stress. Additionally, to illustrate the potential of the 2D μ-CE separation method for rapid profiling of oxidative stress-induced biomarkers implicated in AD disease, the nitrosylated protein fingerprints from 11-month-old AD transgenic mice brain and their age matched controls were also generated. To our knowledge, this is the first report on 2D profiling of nitrosylated proteins in biological samples on a microchip. The characteristics of this biomarker profiling will potentially serve as the screening for early detection of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, USA
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36
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Curtis JM, Hahn WS, Long EK, Burrill JS, Arriaga EA, Bernlohr DA. Protein carbonylation and metabolic control systems. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2012; 23:399-406. [PMID: 22742812 PMCID: PMC3408802 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is linked to the production of reactive lipid aldehydes that non-enzymatically alkylate cysteine, histidine, or lysine residues in a reaction termed protein carbonylation. Reactive lipid aldehydes and their derivatives are detoxified via a variety of phase I and phase II systems, and when antioxidant defenses are compromised or oxidative conditions are increased, protein carbonylation is increased. The resulting modification has been implicated as causative in a variety of metabolic states including neurodegeneration, muscle wasting, insulin resistance, and aging. Although such modifications usually result in loss of protein function, protein carbonylation may be regulatory and activate signaling pathways involved in antioxidant biology and cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Curtis
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Wendy S. Hahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Eric K. Long
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Joel S. Burrill
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Edgar A. Arriaga
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, The University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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37
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Hollins BC, Soper SA, Feng J. Enriching carbonylated proteins inside a microchip through the use of oxalyldihydrazide as a crosslinker. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:2526-2532. [PMID: 22565136 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40103g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report a proof of principle study for the use of oxalyldihydrazide as a crosslinker for enrichment of carbonylated proteins within a microfluidic chip. Surface modification steps are characterized and analyzed using analytical techniques. We use oxidized cytochrome c as our model protein and demonstrate the chip's ability to capture carbonylated targets. After 100 min of continuous loading, the chip is capable of capturing 7.5 μg of carbonylated protein. All the proteins captured are eluted out of the chip using the elution protocol. Finally, we demonstrate the chip's specificity for oxidized targets by mixing oxidized cytochrome c and TRITC-BSA, with cytochrome c in low abundance. The results show that the chip is efficient at finding its target when unoxidized proteins are present. This is the first report to suggest the use of immobilized oxalyldihydrazide on a microchip as an enrichment methodology for low abundance proteins in a sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Hollins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
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38
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Derbré F, Gratas-Delamarche A, Gómez-Cabrera MC, Viña J. Inactivity-induced oxidative stress: a central role in age-related sarcopenia? Eur J Sport Sci 2012; 14 Suppl 1:S98-108. [PMID: 24444251 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2011.654268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ageing causes a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass that may lead to decreased strength and functionality. The term sarcopenia is especially used to characterise this geriatric syndrome. Numerous conditions and behaviours are considered to accelerate the progression of sarcopenia such as chronic diseases, malnutrition and physical inactivity. As people in modern countries are more and more sedentary, the impact of physical inactivity on the prevalence of sarcopenia might be more and more important in the future. In this review, we discuss how reactive oxygen species (ROS) could mediate the effects of lifelong inactivity in the onset and progression of age-related sarcopenia. Although the cellular mechanisms responsible for muscle ROS production are not necessarily the same, both inactivity and ageing are indeed known to increase basal ROS concentrations in skeletal muscle. New data and literature review are provided showing that chronic ROS overproduction induced by physical inactivity may exacerbate the activation of some redox-sensitive signalling pathways involved in age-related sarcopenia. We also address the scientific evidences implicating the role of ROS overproduction in the precocious failure of aged muscles to activate intracellular signalling responses to contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Derbré
- a Laboratoire Movement, Sport and Health Sciences (M2S) , University Rennes II-ENS Cachan, UFR APS , Rennes , France
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39
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Gannon J, Ohlendieck K. Subproteomic analysis of basic proteins in aged skeletal muscle following offgel pre-fractionation. Mol Med Rep 2012; 5:993-1000. [PMID: 22267262 PMCID: PMC3493040 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass is a serious pathophysiological problem in the elderly, which warrants detailed biochemical studies into the underlying mechanism of age-related fiber degeneration. Over the last few years, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has identified a considerable number of new biomarkers of muscle aging in humans and animal models of sarcopenia. However, interpretation of the proteomic findings is often complicated by technical and biological limitations. Although gel electrophoresis-based approaches represent a highly sensitive analytical way for the large-scale and high-throughput survey of global changes in skeletal muscle proteins during aging, often the presence of components with an isoelectric point in the basic range is underestimated. We, therefore, carried out a comparative subproteomic study of young versus aged rat muscle focusing on potential changes in muscle proteins with an alkaline isoelectric point, using a combination of offgel electrophoresis and two-dimensional (2D) slab gel electrophoresis. Offgel electrophoresis was successfully applied as a prefractionation step to enrich basic protein species from crude tissue extracts representing young adult versus senescent muscle specimens. Proteomics has demonstrated alterations in a small cohort of basic proteins during muscle aging. The mass spectrometric identification of altered proteins and immunoblotting revealed a decrease in the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and a concomitant increase in mitochondrial creatine kinase (CK) and ubiquinol cytochrome-c reductase. This agrees with the idea of a glycolytic-to-oxidative shift during muscle aging, which is indicative of an overall fast-to-slow transition process in senescent rat muscle. Thus, alterations in the abundance of metabolic enzymes appear to play a central role in the molecular pathogenesis of age-dependent muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Gannon
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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40
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Drexler HCA, Ruhs A, Konzer A, Mendler L, Bruckskotten M, Looso M, Günther S, Boettger T, Krüger M, Braun T. On marathons and Sprints: an integrated quantitative proteomics and transcriptomics analysis of differences between slow and fast muscle fibers. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 11:M111.010801. [PMID: 22210690 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.010801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue contains slow as well as fast twitch muscle fibers that possess different metabolic and contractile properties. Although the distribution of individual proteins in fast and slow fibers has been investigated extensively, a comprehensive proteomic analysis, which is key for any systems biology approach to muscle tissues, is missing. Here, we compared the global protein levels and gene expression profiles of the predominantly slow soleus and fast extensor digitorum longus muscles using the principle of in vivo stable isotope labeling with amino acids based on a fully lysine-6 labeled SILAC-mouse. We identified 551 proteins with significant quantitative differences between slow soleus and fast extensor digitorum longus fibers out of >2000 quantified proteins, which greatly extends the repertoire of proteins differentially regulated between both muscle types. Most of the differentially regulated proteins mediate cellular contraction, ion homeostasis, glycolysis, and oxidation, which reflect the major functional differences between both muscle types. Comparison of proteomics and transcriptomics data uncovered the existence of fiber-type specific posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms resulting in differential accumulation of Myosin-8 and α-protein kinase 3 proteins and mRNAs among others. Phosphoproteome analysis of soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles identified 2573 phosphosites on 973 proteins including 1040 novel phosphosites. The in vivo stable isotope labeling with amino acids-mouse approach used in our study provides a comprehensive view into the protein networks that direct fiber-type specific functions and allows a detailed dissection of the molecular composition of slow and fast muscle tissues with unprecedented resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes C A Drexler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstr 20, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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41
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Cumulative 3-nitrotyrosine in specific muscle proteins is associated with muscle loss during aging. Exp Gerontol 2011; 47:129-35. [PMID: 22123430 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational oxidative protein modifications which are more marked during aging and/or high-calorie (HC) diets affect protein function and metabolism. Protein function and metabolism are different according to the type of muscle proteins. Oxidative muscle protein modifications may thus be associated with age-related sarcopenia, and HC may be implicated in the development of sarcopenia by emphasizing protein modifications. Understanding the role of protein modifications in the process of sarcopenia and metabolism associated with a high fat diet may be elucidated by investigations with skeletal muscle protein subfractionations. To study this hypothesis, carbonylated protein (CP) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels were measured in mixed, sarcoplasmic, myofibrillar and mitochondrial protein fractions of quadriceps in rats aged 6months (A) and 25months (O) fed a normal calorie (NC) or HC diet for 3months (AN, AH, ON, OH n=7-8). Muscle weight was lower in the older rats (AN: 0.79±0.03g, ON: 0.43±0.12g, P<0.05), but no HC effect was observed. CP did not differ between groups while 3-NT accumulated significantly in ON compared with AN, especially in mitochondria (2.4±0.5, 1.3±0.1, 1.9±0.4, 2.9±1.2 -fold in mixed, sarcoplasmic, myofibrillar and mitochondrial fractions respectively, P<0.05). 3-NT in mixed protein was negatively correlated with muscle mass (r(2)=-0.812). 3-NT accumulation during HC was observed only in specific proteins of mitochondria (100kDa) (1.0±0.6, 1.7±0.9, 3.3±1.4 and 7.0±2.5 -fold in AN, AH, ON and OH, respectively, P<0.05). Hence cumulative 3-NT in skeletal muscle protein appears associated with the development of age-related muscle loss. Mitochondrial proteins are more prone to nitration during aging and nutritional stress.
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42
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Magherini F, Abruzzo PM, Puglia M, Bini L, Gamberi T, Esposito F, Veicsteinas A, Marini M, Fiorillo C, Gulisano M, Modesti A. Proteomic analysis and protein carbonylation profile in trained and untrained rat muscles. J Proteomics 2011; 75:978-92. [PMID: 22062160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between physical exercise, reactive oxygen species and skeletal muscle modification is important in order to better identify the benefits or the damages that appropriate or inappropriate exercise can induce. Unbalanced ROS levels can lead to oxidation of cellular macromolecules and a major class of protein oxidative modification is carbonylation. The aim of this investigation was to study muscle protein expression and carbonylation patterns in trained and untrained animal models. We analyzed two muscles characterized by different metabolisms: tibialis anterior and soleus. Whilst tibialis anterior is mostly composed of fast-twitch fibers, the soleus muscle is mostly composed of slow-twitch fibers. By a proteomic approach we identified 15 protein spots whose expression is influenced by training. Among them in tibialis anterior we observed a down-regulation of several glycolitic enzymes. Concerning carbonylation, we observed the existence of a high basal level of protein carbonylation. Although this level shows some variation among individual animals, several proteins (mostly involved in energy metabolism, muscle contraction, and stress response) appear carbonylated in all animals and in both types of skeletal muscle. Moreover we identified 13 spots whose carbonylation increases after training.
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Highly sensitive detection of S-nitrosylated proteins by capillary gel electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6756-62. [PMID: 21820121 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosylated proteins are biomarkers of oxidative damage in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we report a new method for detecting and quantifying nitrosylated proteins by capillary gel electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection (CGE-LIF). Dylight 488 maleimide was used to specifically label thiol group (SH) after switching the S-nitrosothiol (S-NO) to SH in cysteine using the "fluorescence switch" assay. In vitro nitrosylation model-BSA subjected to S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) optimized the labeling reactions and characterized the response of the LIF detector. The method proves to be highly sensitive, detecting 1.3 picomolar (pM) concentration of nitrosothiols in nanograms of proteins, which is the lowest limit of detection of nitrosothiols reported to date. We further demonstrated the direct application of this method in monitoring protein nitrosylation damage in MQ mediated human colon adenocarcinoma cells. The nitrosothiol amounts in MQ treated and untreated cells are 14.8±0.2 and 10.4±0.5 pmol/mg of proteins, respectively. We also depicted nitrosylated protein electrophoretic profiles of brain cerebrum of 5-month-old AD transgenic (Tg) mice model. In Tg mice brain, 15.5±0.4 pmol of nitrosothiols/mg of proteins was quantified while wild type contained 11.7±0.3 pmol/mg proteins. The methodology is validated to quantify low levels of S-nitrosylated protein in complex protein mixtures from both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Proteomic profiling of lipid rafts in a human breast cancer model of tumorigenic progression. Clin Exp Metastasis 2011; 28:529-40. [PMID: 21533873 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-011-9389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers assist in the early detection of cancer, act as therapeutic targets for intervention, and function as diagnostic indicators for the evaluation of therapeutic responses. To identify novel human breast cancer biomarkers, we have analyzed the protein content of lipid rafts isolated from a series of human mammary epithelial cell lines with increasing tumorigenic potential. Since lipid rafts function as platforms for protein interaction critical to several biological processes, we hypothesized that the abundance of proteins associated with proliferation, invasion and metastasis would be dysregulated in highly transformed cells. For this purpose, the MCF10A epithelial lineage, which include benign MCF10A cells, premalignant AT and TG3B cells, and malignant CA1a tumor cells, was utilized. Detergent-resistant membranes were isolated from each line and proteins were identified and relatively quantitated using iTRAQ™ reagents and tandem mass spectrometry. 57 proteins were identified, and 1667 peptide identifications, mapping to 49 proteins, contained sufficient information for semi-quantitative analysis. When comparing malignant to benign cells, we observed consistent alterations in groups of proteins, such as a 5.7-fold average decrease in G protein content (n = 5), 2.7-fold decrease in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins (n = 7) and 3.3-fold increase in intermediate filaments (n = 9). Several of the identified proteins, including caveolin-1, filamin A, keratins 5, 6 and 17, and vimentin, are bona fide or candidate biomarkers in clinical studies, underscoring the usefulness of the MCF10A series as a model to better understand the biological mechanisms underlying cancer progression.
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Jackson JR, Ryan MJ, Alway SE. Long-term supplementation with resveratrol alleviates oxidative stress but does not attenuate sarcopenia in aged mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011; 66:751-64. [PMID: 21454355 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the capacity of resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol, to reduce aging-induced oxidative stress and protect against sarcopenia. Middle-aged (18 months) C57/BL6 mice were randomly assigned to receive either a control diet or a diet supplemented with 0.05% trans-resveratrol for 10 months. Young (6 months) and middle-aged (18 months) mice were used as controls. Resveratrol supplementation did not reduce the aging-associated loss of muscle mass or improve maximal isometric force production, but it appeared to preserve fast-twitch fiber contractile function. Resveratrol supplementation did not improve mitochondrial content, the subcellular localization of cytochrome c protein content, or PGC1 protein content. Resveratrol increased manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), reduced hydrogen peroxide(,) and lipid peroxidation levels in muscle samples, but it was unable to significantly reduce protein carbonyl levels. The data suggest that resveratrol has a protective effect against aging-induced oxidative stress in skeletal muscle, likely through the upregulation of MnSOD activity, but sarcopenia was not attenuated by resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna R Jackson
- Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA.
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Staunton L, O'Connell K, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic Profiling of Mitochondrial Enzymes during Skeletal Muscle Aging. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:908035. [PMID: 21437005 PMCID: PMC3062155 DOI: 10.4061/2011/908035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are of central importance for energy generation in skeletal muscles. Expression changes or functional alterations in mitochondrial enzymes play a key role during myogenesis, fibre maturation, and various neuromuscular pathologies, as well as natural fibre aging. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics suggests itself as a convenient large-scale and high-throughput approach to catalogue the mitochondrial protein complement and determine global changes during health and disease. This paper gives a brief overview of the relatively new field of mitochondrial proteomics and discusses the findings from recent proteomic surveys of mitochondrial elements in aged skeletal muscles. Changes in the abundance, biochemical activity, subcellular localization, and/or posttranslational modifications in key mitochondrial enzymes might be useful as novel biomarkers of aging. In the long term, this may advance diagnostic procedures, improve the monitoring of disease progression, help in the testing of side effects due to new drug regimes, and enhance our molecular understanding of age-related muscle degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Staunton
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
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Semi-automated image analysis: detecting carbonylation in subcellular regions of skeletal muscle. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:213-22. [PMID: 21327623 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The level of carbonylation in skeletal muscle is a marker of oxidative damage associated with disease and aging. While immunofluorescence microscopy is an elegant method to identify carbonylation sites in muscle cross-sections, imaging analysis is manual, tedious, and time consuming, especially when the goal is to characterize carbonyl contents in subcellular regions. In this paper, we present a semi-automated method for the analysis of carbonylation in subcellular regions of skeletal muscle cross-sections visualized with dual fluorescent immunohistochemistry. Carbonyls were visualized by their reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) followed by immunolabeling with an Alexa488-tagged anti-DNP antibody. Mitochondria were probed with an anti-COXI primary antibody followed by the labeling with an Alexa568-tagged secondary antibody. After imaging, muscle fibers were individually analyzed using a custom-designed, lab-written, computer-aided procedure to measure carbonylation levels in subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar mitochondrial regions, and in the cytoplasmic and extracellular regions. Using this procedure, we were able to decrease the time necessary for the analysis of a single muscle fiber from 45 min to about 1 min. The procedure was tested by four independent analysts and found to be independent on inter-person and intra-person variations. This procedure will help increase highly needed throughput in muscle studies related to ageing, disease, physical performance, and inactivity that use carbonyl levels as markers of oxidative damage.
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Vendelbo MH, Nair KS. Mitochondrial longevity pathways. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:634-44. [PMID: 21295080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Average lifespan has increased over the last centuries, as a consequence of medical and environmental factors, but maximal life span remains unchanged. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of aging and determinants of life span will help to reduce age-related morbidity and facilitate healthy aging. Extension of maximal life span is currently possible in animal models with measures such as genetic manipulations and caloric restriction (CR). CR appears to prolong life by reducing oxidative damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed to cause deleterious effects on DNA, proteins, and lipids, and generation of these highly reactive molecules takes place in the mitochondria. But ROS is positively implicated in cellular stress defense mechanisms and formation of ROS a highly regulated process controlled by a complex network of intracellular signaling pathways. There are endogenous anti-oxidant defense systems that have the potential to partially counteract ROS impact. In this review, we will describe pathways contributing to the regulation of the age-related decline in mitochondrial function and their impact on longevity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Mitochondria: the deadly organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Vendelbo
- Division of endocrinology, Endocrine research Unit, The Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW Joseph 5-194, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Glancy B, Balaban RS. Protein composition and function of red and white skeletal muscle mitochondria. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 300:C1280-90. [PMID: 21289287 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00496.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Red and white muscles are faced with very different energetic demands. However, it is unclear whether relative mitochondrial protein expression is different between muscle types. Mitochondria from red and white porcine skeletal muscle were isolated with a Percoll gradient. Differences in protein composition were determined using blue native (BN)-PAGE, two-dimensional differential in gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE), optical spectroscopy, and isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). Complex IV and V activities were compared using BN-PAGE in-gel activity assays, and maximal mitochondrial respiration rates were assessed using pyruvate (P) + malate (M), glutamate (G) + M, and palmitoyl-carnitine (PC) + M. Without the Percoll step, major cytosolic protein contamination was noted for white mitochondria. Upon removal of contamination, very few protein differences were observed between red and white mitochondria. BN-PAGE showed no differences in the subunit composition of Complexes I-V or the activities of Complexes IV and V. iTRAQ analysis detected 358 mitochondrial proteins, 69 statistically different. Physiological significance may be lower: at a 25% difference, 48 proteins were detected; at 50%, 14 proteins were detected; and 3 proteins were detected at a 100%. Thus any changes could be argued to be physiologically modest. One area of difference was fat metabolism where four β-oxidation enzymes were ∼25% higher in red mitochondria. This was correlated with a 40% higher rate of PC+M oxidation in red mitochondria compared with white mitochondria with no differences in P+M and G+M oxidation. These data suggest that metabolic demand differences between red and white muscle fibers are primarily matched by the number of mitochondria and not by significant alterations in the mitochondria themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Glancy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Ohlendieck K. Skeletal muscle proteomics: current approaches, technical challenges and emerging techniques. Skelet Muscle 2011; 1:6. [PMID: 21798084 PMCID: PMC3143904 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-1-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletal muscle fibres represent one of the most abundant cell types in mammals. Their highly specialised contractile and metabolic functions depend on a large number of membrane-associated proteins with very high molecular masses, proteins with extensive posttranslational modifications and components that exist in highly complex supramolecular structures. This makes it extremely difficult to perform conventional biochemical studies of potential changes in protein clusters during physiological adaptations or pathological processes. Results Skeletal muscle proteomics attempts to establish the global identification and biochemical characterisation of all members of the muscle-associated protein complement. A considerable number of proteomic studies have employed large-scale separation techniques, such as high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis or liquid chromatography, and combined them with mass spectrometry as the method of choice for high-throughput protein identification. Muscle proteomics has been applied to the comprehensive biochemical profiling of developing, maturing and aging muscle, as well as the analysis of contractile tissues undergoing physiological adaptations seen in disuse atrophy, physical exercise and chronic muscle transformation. Biomedical investigations into proteome-wide alterations in skeletal muscle tissues were also used to establish novel biomarker signatures of neuromuscular disorders. Importantly, mass spectrometric studies have confirmed the enormous complexity of posttranslational modifications in skeletal muscle proteins. Conclusions This review critically examines the scientific impact of modern muscle proteomics and discusses its successful application for a better understanding of muscle biology, but also outlines its technical limitations and emerging techniques to establish new biomarker candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Ohlendieck
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland.
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