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Cai H, Zhang B, Ahrenfeldt J, Joseph JV, Riedel M, Gao Z, Thomsen SK, Christensen DS, Bak RO, Hager H, Vendelbo MH, Gao X, Birkbak N, Thomsen MK. CRISPR/Cas9 model of prostate cancer identifies Kmt2c deficiency as a metastatic driver by Odam/Cabs1 gene cluster expression. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2088. [PMID: 38453924 PMCID: PMC10920892 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) poses a significant therapeutic challenge with high mortality rates. Utilizing CRISPR-Cas9 in vivo, we target five potential tumor suppressor genes (Pten, Trp53, Rb1, Stk11, and RnaseL) in the mouse prostate, reaching humane endpoint after eight weeks without metastasis. By further depleting three epigenetic factors (Kmt2c, Kmt2d, and Zbtb16), lung metastases are present in all mice. While whole genome sequencing reveals few mutations in coding sequence, RNA sequencing shows significant dysregulation, especially in a conserved genomic region at chr5qE1 regulated by KMT2C. Depleting Odam and Cabs1 in this region prevents metastasis. Notably, the gene expression signatures, resulting from our study, predict progression-free and overall survival and distinguish primary and metastatic human prostate cancer. This study emphasizes positive genetic interactions between classical tumor suppressor genes and epigenetic modulators in metastatic PCa progression, offering insights into potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Cai
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bin Zhang
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johanne Ahrenfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Justin V Joseph
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Riedel
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zongliang Gao
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sofie K Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ditte S Christensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rasmus O Bak
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hager
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicolai Birkbak
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin K Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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2
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Pedersen MA, Munk OL, Dias AH, Steffensen JH, Møller AL, Johnsson AL, Hansen KV, Bender D, Jakobsen S, Busk M, Gormsen LC, Tramm T, Borgquist S, Vendelbo MH. Dynamic whole-body [ 18F]FES PET/CT increases lesion visibility in patients with metastatic breast cancer. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:24. [PMID: 38436824 PMCID: PMC10912074 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-024-01080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correct classification of estrogen receptor (ER) status is essential for prognosis and treatment planning in patients with breast cancer (BC). Therefore, it is recommended to sample tumor tissue from an accessible metastasis. However, ER expression can show intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity. 16α-[18F]fluoroestradiol ([18F]FES) Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) allows noninvasive whole-body (WB) identification of ER distribution and is usually performed as a single static image 60 min after radiotracer injection. Using dynamic whole-body (D-WB) PET imaging, we examine [18F]FES kinetics and explore whether Patlak parametric images ( K i ) are quantitative and improve lesion visibility. RESULTS This prospective study included eight patients with metastatic ER-positive BC scanned using a D-WB PET acquisition protocol. The kinetics of [18F]FES were best characterized by the irreversible two-tissue compartment model in tumor lesions and in the majority of organ tissues. K i values from Patlak parametric images correlated with K i values from the full kinetic analysis, r2 = 0.77, and with the semiquantitative mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), r2 = 0.91. Furthermore, parametric K i images had the highest target-to-background ratio (TBR) in 162/164 metastatic lesions and the highest contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in 99/164 lesions compared to conventional SUV images. TBR was 2.45 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.25-2.68) and CNR 1.17 (95% CI: 1.08-1.26) times higher in K i images compared to SUV images. These quantitative differences were seen as reduced background activity in the K i images. CONCLUSION [18F]FES uptake is best described by an irreversible two-tissue compartment model. D-WB [18F]FES PET/CT scans can be used for direct reconstruction of parametric K i images, with superior lesion visibility and K i values comparable to K i values found from full kinetic analyses. This may aid correct ER classification and treatment decisions. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04150731, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04150731.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette A Pedersen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole L Munk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - André H Dias
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Anders L Møller
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Kim Vang Hansen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dirk Bender
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Jakobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Busk
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars C Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Tramm
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Signe Borgquist
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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3
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Fisker FA, Voss TS, Svart MV, Kampmann U, Vendelbo MH, Bengtsen MB, Lauritzen ES, Møller N, Jessen N. Insulin Signaling Is Preserved in Skeletal Muscle During Early Diabetic Ketoacidosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e155-e162. [PMID: 37554078 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS During diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), muscle tissue develops a profound insulin resistance that complicates reversal of this potentially lethal condition. We have investigated mediators of insulin action in human skeletal muscle during total insulin withdrawal in patients with type 1 diabetes, under the hypothesis that initial phases of DKA are associated with impaired postreceptor signaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Muscle biopsies were obtained during a randomized, controlled, crossover trial involving 9 patients with type 1 diabetes. The subjects were investigated during a high-dose insulin clamp preceded by either: (1) insulin-controlled euglycemia (control) or (2) total insulin withdrawal for 14 hours. Insulin action in skeletal muscle and whole-body substrate metabolism were investigated using western blot analysis and indirect calorimetry respectively. RESULTS During insulin withdrawal, insulin-stimulated dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase decreased by ∼30% (P < .05) compared with the control situation. This was associated with a decrease in glucose oxidation by ∼30% (P < .05). Despite alterations in glucose metabolism, insulin transduction to glucose transport and protein synthesis (Akt, AS160, mammalian target of rapamycin, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein) was intact, and glucose transporter (GLUT4) and mitochondrial proteins (succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A and prohibitin 1) protein expression were unaffected by the intervention. CONCLUSION DKA impairs insulin-stimulated activation of glycogen synthase, whereas insulin signal transduction to glucose transport and protein synthesis remains intact. Reversal of insulin resistance during treatment of DKA should target postreceptor mediators of glucose uptake. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02077348.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederikke A Fisker
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Voss
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mads V Svart
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kampmann
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mads B Bengtsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Esben S Lauritzen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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4
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Alstrup AKO, Dollerup MR, Simonsen MIT, Vendelbo MH. Preclinical Imaging Studies: Protocols, Preparation, Anesthesia, and Animal Care. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:570-576. [PMID: 36858906 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Today preclinical PET imaging connects laboratory research with clinical applications. Here PET clearly bridges the gap, as nearly identical imaging protocols can be applied to both animal and humans. However, some hurdles exist and researchers must be careful, partly because the animals are usually anesthetized during the scans, while human volunteers are awake. This review is based on our own experiences of some of the most important pitfalls and how to overcome them. This includes how studies should be designed, how to select the right anesthesia and monitoring. The choice of anesthesia is quite crucial, as it may have a greater influence on the results than the effect of the tested procedures. Monitoring is necessary, as the animals cannot fully maintain homeostasis during anesthesia, and reliable results are dependent on a stable physiology. Additionally, it is important to note that rodents, in particular, are prone to rapidly becoming hypothermic. Thus, the selection of an appropriate anesthetic and monitoring protocol is crucial for both obtaining accurate results and ensuring animal welfare. Prior to imaging, catheters for tracer administration and, if necessary, blood sampling should be implanted. The administration of tracers should be done in a manner that minimizes interference with the scans, and the same applies to any serial blood sampling. The limited blood volume and organ size of rodents should also be taken into consideration when planning experiments. Finally, if the animal needs to be awakened after the scan, proper care must be taken to ensure their welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aage K O Alstrup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Mie R Dollerup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette I T Simonsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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5
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Busk M, Sinning S, Alstrup AKO, Munk OL, Vendelbo MH. Nuclear Medicine Preclinical Research: The Role of Cell Cultures. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:558-569. [PMID: 37268499 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell lines are essential in biomedical research due to their adaptability and precise simulation of physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Cell culture techniques have greatly advanced our understanding of biology in various fields and are widely regarded as a reliable and durable tool. Their diverse applications make them indispensable in scientific research. Radiation-emitting compounds are commonly used in cell culture research to investigate biological processes. Radiolabeled compounds are utilized to study cell function, metabolism, molecular markers, receptor density, drug binding and kinetics, as well as to analyze the direct interaction of radiotracers with target organ cells. This allows for the examination of normal physiology and disease states. The In Vitro system simplifies the study and filters out nonspecific signals from the In Vivo environment, leading to more specific results. Moreover, cell cultures offer ethical advantages when evaluating new tracers and drugs in preclinical studies. While cell experiments cannot entirely replace animal experiments, they reduce the need for live animals in experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Busk
- Department of experimental clinical oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Sinning
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aage K O Alstrup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole L Munk
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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6
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Cal K, Leyva A, Rodríguez-Duarte J, Ruiz S, Santos L, Colella L, Ingold M, Vilaseca C, Galliussi G, Ziegler L, Peclat TR, Bresque M, Handy RM, King R, dos Reis LM, Espasandin C, Breining P, Dapueto R, Lopez A, Thompson KL, Agorrody G, DeVallance E, Meadows E, Lewis SE, Barbosa GCS, de Souza LOL, Chichierchio MS, Valez V, Aicardo A, Contreras P, Vendelbo MH, Jakobsen S, Kamaid A, Porcal W, Calliari A, Verdes JM, Du J, Wang Y, Hollander JM, White TA, Radi R, Moyna G, Quijano C, O’Doherty R, Moraes-Vieira P, Holloway GP, Leonardi R, Mori MA, Camacho-Pereira J, Kelley EE, Duran R, Lopez GV, Batthyány C, Chini EN, Escande C. A nitroalkene derivative of salicylate alleviates diet-induced obesity by activating creatine metabolism and non-shivering thermogenesis. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3101395. [PMID: 37502859 PMCID: PMC10371099 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3101395/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-related type II diabetes (diabesity) has increased global morbidity and mortality dramatically. Previously, the ancient drug salicylate demonstrated promise for the treatment of type II diabetes, but its clinical use was precluded due to high dose requirements. In this study, we present a nitroalkene derivative of salicylate, 5-(2-nitroethenyl)salicylic acid (SANA), a molecule with unprecedented beneficial effects in diet-induced obesity (DIO). SANA reduces DIO, liver steatosis and insulin resistance at doses up to 40 times lower than salicylate. Mechanistically, SANA stimulated mitochondrial respiration and increased creatine-dependent energy expenditure in adipose tissue. Indeed, depletion of creatine resulted in the loss of SANA action. Moreover, we found that SANA binds to creatine kinases CKMT1/2, and downregulation CKMT1 interferes with the effect of SANA in vivo. Together, these data demonstrate that SANA is a first-in-class activator of creatine-dependent energy expenditure and thermogenesis in adipose tissue and emerges as a candidate for the treatment of diabesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Cal
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad Biofísica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Udelar, Uruguay
| | - Alejandro Leyva
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, IIBCE, Uruguay
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Duarte
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Ruiz
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leonardo Santos
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Colella
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Udelar, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Ingold
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Udelar, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Vilaseca
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Udelar, Uruguay
| | - German Galliussi
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Inflammation; Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Ziegler
- Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, Centro Universitario Regional del Este, Udelar, Maldonado, Uruguay
| | - Thais R. Peclat
- Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mariana Bresque
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rachel M Handy
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel King
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV, USA
| | - Larissa Menezes dos Reis
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, SP, Brazil; Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Espasandin
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad Bioquìmica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Udelar, Uruguay
| | | | - Rosina Dapueto
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
- Área I+D Biomédico, CUDIM, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Lopez
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Orgánica, Departamento de Química del Litoral, CENUR Litoral Norte, Udelar, Uruguay
| | - Katie L. Thompson
- Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Guillermo Agorrody
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Udelar, Uruguay
| | - Evan DeVallance
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ethan Meadows
- Mitochondria, Metabolism and Bioenergetics Working Group; School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Sara E. Lewis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Mitochondria, Metabolism and Bioenergetics Working Group; School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Gabriele Catarine Santana Barbosa
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Osbourne Lai de Souza
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marina Santos Chichierchio
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valeria Valez
- Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biofísica, Facultad de Odontología, Udelar, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Udelar, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Udelar, Uruguay
| | - Adrián Aicardo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Udelar, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Udelar, Uruguay
- Departamento de Nutrición Clínica, Escuela de Nutrición, Udelar, Uruguay
| | - Paola Contreras
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Udelar, Uruguay
| | - Mikkel H. Vendelbo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Steen Jakobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Andrés Kamaid
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, IIBCE, Uruguay
- Unidad de Bioimagenología Avanzada. Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Williams Porcal
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Udelar, Uruguay
| | - Aldo Calliari
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad Biofísica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Udelar, Uruguay
| | - José Manuel Verdes
- Unidad Patología, Departamento de Patobiología; Facultad de Veterinaria, Udelar, Uruguay
| | - Jianhai Du
- Mitochondria, Metabolism and Bioenergetics Working Group; School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Yekai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - John M Hollander
- Mitochondria, Metabolism and Bioenergetics Working Group; School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Thomas A. White
- Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rafael Radi
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Udelar, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Udelar, Uruguay
| | - Guillermo Moyna
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Orgánica, Departamento de Química del Litoral, CENUR Litoral Norte, Udelar, Uruguay
| | - Celia Quijano
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Udelar, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Udelar, Uruguay
| | - Robert O’Doherty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics; University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pedro Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, SP, Brazil; Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roberta Leonardi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV, USA
- Mitochondria, Metabolism and Bioenergetics Working Group; School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Marcelo A Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Obesidade e Diabetes, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Camacho-Pereira
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eric E. Kelley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Mitochondria, Metabolism and Bioenergetics Working Group; School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Rosario Duran
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, IIBCE, Uruguay
| | - Gloria V. Lopez
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Udelar, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Batthyány
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Drug Development, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eduardo N. Chini
- Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Carlos Escande
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
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7
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Einer C, Munk DE, Park E, Akdogan B, Nagel J, Lichtmannegger J, Eberhagen C, Rieder T, Vendelbo MH, Michalke B, Wimmer R, Blutke A, Feuchtinger A, Dershwitz P, DiSpirito AA, Islam T, Castro RE, Min BK, Kim T, Choi S, Kim D, Jung C, Lee H, Park D, Im W, Eun SY, Cho YH, Semrau JD, Rodrigues CMP, Hohenester S, Sandahl TD, DiSpirito AA, Zischka H. ARBM101 (Methanobactin SB2) Drains Excess Liver Copper via Biliary Excretion in Wilson's Disease Rats. Gastroenterology 2023:S0016-5085(23)00529-2. [PMID: 36966941 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.03.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Excess copper causes hepatocyte death in hereditary Wilson's disease (WD). Current WD treatments by copper-binding chelators may gradually reduce copper overload; they fail, however, to bring hepatic copper close to normal physiological levels. Consequently, lifelong daily dose regimens are required to hinder disease progression. This may result in severe issues due to nonadherence or unwanted adverse drug reactions and also due to drug switching and ultimate treatment failures. This study comparatively tested bacteria-derived copper binding agents-methanobactins (MBs)-for efficient liver copper depletion in WD rats as well as their safety and effect duration. METHODS Copper chelators were tested in vitro and in vivo in WD rats. Metabolic cage housing allowed the accurate assessment of animal copper balances and long-term experiments related to the determination of minimal treatment phases. RESULTS We found that copper-binding ARBM101 (previously known as MB-SB2) depletes WD rat liver copper dose dependently via fecal excretion down to normal physiological levels within 8 days, superseding the need for continuous treatment. Consequently, we developed a new treatment consisting of repetitive cycles, each of ∼1 week of ARBM101 applications, followed by months of in-between treatment pauses to ensure a healthy long-term survival in WD rats. CONCLUSIONS ARBM101 safely and efficiently depletes excess liver copper from WD rats, thus allowing for short treatment periods as well as prolonged in-between rest periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Einer
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ditte Emilie Munk
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eok Park
- R&D Center, ArborMed Company Ltd, Pangyo, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Banu Akdogan
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Judith Nagel
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Josef Lichtmannegger
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carola Eberhagen
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tamara Rieder
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wimmer
- Department of Medicine II, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Blutke
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philip Dershwitz
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Ana A DiSpirito
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Tawhidul Islam
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui E Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Byong-Keol Min
- R&D Center, ArborMed Company Ltd, Pangyo, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeWon Kim
- R&D Center, ArborMed Company Ltd, Pangyo, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyoung Choi
- R&D Center, ArborMed Company Ltd, Pangyo, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasol Kim
- R&D Center, ArborMed Company Ltd, Pangyo, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunwon Jung
- R&D Center, ArborMed Company Ltd, Pangyo, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongjae Lee
- R&D Center, ArborMed Company Ltd, Pangyo, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsik Park
- R&D Center, ArborMed Company Ltd, Pangyo, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Weonbin Im
- R&D Center, ArborMed Company Ltd, Pangyo, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Eun
- R&D Center, ArborMed Company Ltd, Pangyo, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Hee Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeremy D Semrau
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Simon Hohenester
- Department of Medicine II, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Alan A DiSpirito
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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8
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Dias AH, Schleyer P, Vendelbo MH, Hjorthaug K, Gormsen LC, Munk OL. Clinical feasibility and impact of data-driven respiratory motion compensation studied in 200 whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. EJNMMI Res 2022; 12:16. [PMID: 35347465 PMCID: PMC8960547 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-022-00887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This study examines the clinical feasibility and impact of implementing a fully automated whole-body PET protocol with data-driven respiratory gating in patients with a broad range of oncological and non-oncological pathologies 592 FDG PET/CT patients were prospectively included. 200 patients with lesions in the torso were selected for further analysis, and ungated (UG), belt gated (BG) and data-driven gating (DDG) images were reconstructed. All images were reconstructed using the same data and without prolonged acquisition time for gated images. Images were quantitatively analysed for lesion uptake and metabolic volume, complemented by a qualitative analysis of visual lesion detection. In addition, the impact of gating on treatment response evaluation was evaluated in 23 patients with malignant lymphoma.
Results
Placement of the belt needed for BG was associated with problems in 27% of the BG scans, whereas no issues were reported using DDG imaging. For lesion quantification, DDG and BG images had significantly greater SUV values and smaller volumes than UG. The physicians reported notable image blurring in 44% of the UG images that was problematic for clinical evaluation in 4.5% of cases.
Conclusion
Respiratory motion compensation using DDG is readily integrated into clinical routine and produce images with more accurate and significantly greater SUV values and smaller metabolic volumes. In our broad cohort of patients, the physicians overwhelmingly preferred gated over ungated images, with a slight preference for DDG images. However, even in patients with malignant disease in the torso, no additional diagnostic information was obtained by the gated images that could not be derived from the ungated images.
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9
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Borchard S, Raschke S, Zak KM, Eberhagen C, Einer C, Weber E, Müller SM, Michalke B, Lichtmannegger J, Wieser A, Rieder T, Popowicz GM, Adamski J, Klingenspor M, Coles AH, Viana R, Vendelbo MH, Sandahl TD, Schwerdtle T, Plitz T, Zischka H. Bis-choline tetrathiomolybdate prevents copper-induced blood-brain barrier damage. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 5:5/3/e202101164. [PMID: 34857647 PMCID: PMC8675913 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier endothelial cell monolayer becomes permeable to elevated copper loosely bound to albumin, which can be avoided by a high-affinity copper chelator but not by D-penicillamine. In Wilson disease, excessive copper accumulates in patients’ livers and may, upon serum leakage, severely affect the brain according to current viewpoints. Present remedies aim at avoiding copper toxicity by chelation, for example, by D-penicillamine (DPA) or bis-choline tetrathiomolybdate (ALXN1840), the latter with a very high copper affinity. Hence, ALXN1840 may potentially avoid neurological deterioration that frequently occurs upon DPA treatment. As the etiology of such worsening is unclear, we reasoned that copper loosely bound to albumin, that is, mimicking a potential liver copper leakage into blood, may damage cells that constitute the blood-brain barrier, which was found to be the case in an in vitro model using primary porcine brain capillary endothelial cells. Such blood–brain barrier damage was avoided by ALXN1840, plausibly due to firm protein embedding of the chelator bound copper, but not by DPA. Mitochondrial protection was observed, a prerequisite for blood–brain barrier integrity. Thus, high-affinity copper chelators may minimize such deterioration in the treatment of neurologic Wilson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Borchard
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Raschke
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,TraceAge-Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (Forschungsgruppe 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Krzysztof M Zak
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carola Eberhagen
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Einer
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Weber
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sandra M Müller
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Josef Lichtmannegger
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Wieser
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tamara Rieder
- Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Munich, Germany
| | - Grzegorz M Popowicz
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany.,Else-Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Ruth Viana
- Alexion AstraZeneca Rare Disease, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Positron Emission Tomography Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas D Sandahl
- Medical Department Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,TraceAge-Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (Forschungsgruppe 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany .,Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Munich, Germany
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10
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Riedel M, Cai H, Stoltze IC, Vendelbo MH, Wagner EF, Bakiri L, Thomsen MK. Targeting AP-1 transcription factors by CRISPR in the prostate. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1956-1961. [PMID: 34548912 PMCID: PMC8448511 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer in men. It is a slow progressing cancer, but when the disease reaches an advanced stage, treatment options are limited. Sequencing analyses of cancer samples have identified genes that can potentially drive disease progression. We implemented the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to simultaneously manipulate multiple genes in the murine prostate and thus to functionally test putative cancer driver genes in vivo. The activating protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor is associated with many different cancer types, with the proto-oncogenes JUN and FOS being the two most intensely studied subunits. We analyzed expression of FOS and JUNB in human prostate cancer datasets and observed decreased expression in advanced stages. By applying CRISPR/Cas9 technology, the role of these two transcription factors in prostate cancer progression was functionally tested. Our data revealed that loss of either JunB or Fos in the context of Pten loss drives prostate cancer progression to invasive disease. Furthermore, loss of Fos increases Jun expression, and CRISPR inactivation of Jun in this context decreases cell proliferation. Overall, these in vivo studies reveal that JunB and Fos exhibit a tumor suppressor function by repressing invasive disease, whereas Jun is oncogenic and increases cell proliferation. This demonstrates that AP-1 factors are implicated in prostate cancer progression at different stages and display a dual function as tumor suppressor and as an oncogene in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Riedel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Huiqiang Cai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Iben C Stoltze
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Laboratory Genes and Disease, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna (MUV), Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory Genes and Disease, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna (MUV), Vienna, Austria
| | - Latifa Bakiri
- Laboratory Genes and Disease, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna (MUV), Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin K Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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11
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Reinert LS, Rashidi AS, Tran DN, Katzilieris-Petras G, Hvidt AK, Gohr M, Fruhwürth S, Bodda C, Thomsen MK, Vendelbo MH, Khan AR, Hansen B, Bergström P, Agholme L, Mogensen TH, Christensen MH, Nyengaard JR, Sen GC, Zetterberg H, Verjans GM, Paludan SR. Brain immune cells undergo cGAS/STING-dependent apoptosis during herpes simplex virus type 1 infection to limit type I IFN production. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:136824. [PMID: 32990676 DOI: 10.1172/jci136824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protection of the brain from viral infections involves the type I IFN (IFN-I) system, defects in which render humans susceptible to herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). However, excessive cerebral IFN-I levels lead to pathologies, suggesting the need for tight regulation of responses. Based on data from mouse models, human HSE cases, and primary cell culture systems, we showed that microglia and other immune cells undergo apoptosis in the HSV-1-infected brain through a mechanism dependent on the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS/STING) pathway, but independent of IFN-I. HSV-1 infection of microglia induced cGAS-dependent apoptosis at high viral doses, whereas lower viral doses led to IFN-I responses. Importantly, inhibition of caspase activity prevented microglial cell death and augmented IFN-I responses. Accordingly, HSV-1-infected organotypic brain slices or mice treated with a caspase inhibitor exhibited lower viral load and an improved infection outcome. Collectively, we identify an activation-induced apoptosis program in brain immune cells that downmodulates local immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line S Reinert
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ahmad S Rashidi
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diana N Tran
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Astrid K Hvidt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Gohr
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Fruhwürth
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Ahmad R Khan
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGI Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Brian Hansen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Petra Bergström
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Germany
| | - Lotta Agholme
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ganes C Sen
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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Larsen MS, Holm L, Svart MV, Hjelholt AJ, Bengtsen MB, Dollerup OL, Dalgaard LB, Vendelbo MH, van Hall G, Møller N, Mikkelsen UR, Hansen M. Effects of protein intake prior to carbohydrate-restricted endurance exercise: a randomized crossover trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:7. [PMID: 31992300 PMCID: PMC6986159 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-0338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deliberately training with reduced carbohydrate availability, a paradigm coined training low, has shown to promote adaptations associated with improved aerobic capacity. In this context researchers have proposed that protein may be ingested prior to training as a means to enhance the protein balance during exercise without spoiling the effect of the low carbohydrate availability. Accordingly, this is being practiced by world class athletes. However, the effect of protein intake on muscle protein metabolism during training low has not been studied. This study aimed to examine if protein intake prior to exercise with reduced carbohydrate stores benefits muscle protein metabolism in exercising and non-exercising muscles. Methods Nine well-trained subjects completed two trials in random order both of which included a high-intensity interval ergometer bike ride (day 1), a morning (day 2) steady state ride (90 min at 65% VO2peak, 90ss), and a 4-h recovery period. An experimental beverage was consumed before 90ss and contained either 0.5 g whey protein hydrolysate [WPH]/ kg lean body mass or flavored water [PLA]. A stable isotope infusion (L-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine) combined with arterial-venous blood sampling, and plasma flow rate measurements were used to determine forearm protein turnover. Myofibrillar protein synthesis was determined from stable isotope incorporation into the vastus lateralis. Results Forearm protein net balance was not different from zero during 90ss exercise (nmol/100 ml/min, PLA: 0.5 ± 2.6; WPH: 1.8, ± 3.3) but negative during the 4 h recovery (nmol/100 ml/min, PLA: − 9.7 ± 4.6; WPH: − 8.7 ± 6.5); no interaction (P = 0.5) or main effect of beverage (P = 0.11) was observed. Vastus lateralis myofibrillar protein synthesis rates were increased during 90ss exercise (+ 0.02 ± 0.02%/h) and recovery (+ 0.02 ± 0.02%/h); no interaction (P = 0.3) or main effect of beverage (P = 0.3) was observed. Conclusion We conclude that protein ingestion prior to endurance exercise in the energy- and carbohydrate-restricted state does not increase myofibrillar protein synthesis or improve net protein balance in the exercising and non-exercising muscles, respectively, during and in the hours after exercise compared to ingestion of a non-caloric control. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01320449. Registered 10 May 2017 – Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03147001
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads S Larsen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Dalgas Ave. 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, Viby J, 8260, Denmark.
| | - Lars Holm
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mads V Svart
- Medical Research Laboratory, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Astrid J Hjelholt
- Medical Research Laboratory, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mads B Bengtsen
- Medical Research Laboratory, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ole L Dollerup
- Medical Research Laboratory, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Line B Dalgaard
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Dalgas Ave. 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Gerrit van Hall
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Mette Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Dalgas Ave. 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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13
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Thomsen MK, Skouboe MK, Boularan C, Vernejoul F, Lioux T, Leknes SL, Berthelsen MF, Riedel M, Cai H, Joseph JV, Perouzel E, Tiraby M, Vendelbo MH, Paludan SR. The cGAS-STING pathway is a therapeutic target in a preclinical model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2019; 39:1652-1664. [PMID: 31740782 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer, and the incidence of HCC is increasing. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has emerged as an efficient treatment against some cancers. Here we have used a mouse model of mutagen-induced HCC to explore the therapeutic usefulness of targeting the DNA-activated STING pathway in HCC. STING-deficient mice exhibited unaltered initial development of HCC, but had higher number of large tumors at late stages of disease. In the liver of STING-deficient HCC mice, we observed reduced levels of phospho-STAT1, autophagy, and cleaved caspase3. These responses were activated in the liver by treatment with a cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) STING agonist. Importantly, CDN treatment of mice after HCC development efficiently reduced tumor size. Initiation of CDN treatment at an even later stage of disease to allow HCC detection by MR scanning revealed that the majority of tumors regressed in response to CDN, but new tumors were also detected, which were unresponsive to CDN treatment. Overall, the modulation of the STING pathway affects the development of HCC, and holds promise for a use as a treatment of this disease, most likely in combination with other immunomodulatory treatments such as PD1 inhibitors or with standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin K Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Hoegh-Guldberg Gade 10, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Morten K Skouboe
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Hoegh-Guldberg Gade 10, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Siv L Leknes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Martin F Berthelsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Maria Riedel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Huiqiang Cai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Justin V Joseph
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Hoegh-Guldberg Gade 10, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Hoegh-Guldberg Gade 10, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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14
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Riedel M, Bakiri L, Berthelsen MF, Borre M, Vendelbo MH, Wagner EF, Thomsen MK. Abstract 4632: A new mouse model for rapid identification of key factors driving prostate cancer progression and invasiveness. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-4632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Prostate Cancer is amongst the most frequently diagnosed malignancies and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide accompanied by an increasing incidence. Until now its heterogeneity has been a major challenge in the establishment of good in vivo models for fast validation of potential driver genes.
Classic in vivo models are costly, time-consuming and often target the majority of the prostate epithelium. We successfully introduced a novel prostate cancer mouse model based on CRISPR/Cas9 technology, ensuring multiplexed gene editing.
In this model, specific in vivo gene editing was obtained in murine prostate epithelium cells of a transgenic mouse strain, harboring the CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) endonuclease. Prostate epithelium cells were transduced by an Adeno-associated virus (AAV), carrying multiple single guide RNAs (sgRNA).
Genetically different viral constructs were designed, each expressing different sgRNA combinations against Pten, representing the main driver in prostate cancer, tumor suppressor Trp53 and either one of the AP1 transcription factor subunits Junb or Fos, or tumor suppressor Smad4.
Since viral transduction occurs in only a few cells, edited cell clones can clonally expand and undergo a natural selection process. Furthermore, the simultaneous gene knockouts reflect the human scenario of tumor heterogeneity.
Mouse prostates were isolated and analyzed three to nine months post-injection to obtain insight on whether or not a gene appears crucial for tumor development in a specific tissue and wherein different gene combinations correlate with tumor severity. Histological analysis revealed increased proliferation, increased AKT activation, as well as invasiveness in samples with multiple gene knockouts compared to controls with single Pten knockout. Furthermore, loss of SMAD4 accelerated cancer progression when compared to the loss of the AP-1 transcription factor. Surprisingly, knockout of Trp53 was rarely observed in prostate samples while it occurred frequently in other tumor types in the same model system. This indicates that knockout of Trp53 may not be required for prostate cancer initiation.
Overall, we established an in vivo model system of simultaneous, multiplexed gene editing in the prostate epithelium to address the biological cross-talk between various, altered pathways in prostate cancer initiation and progression.
Citation Format: Maria Riedel, Latifa Bakiri, Martin F. Berthelsen, Michael Borre, Mikkel H. Vendelbo, Erwin F. Wagner, Martin K. Thomsen. A new mouse model for rapid identification of key factors driving prostate cancer progression and invasiveness [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4632.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Latifa Bakiri
- 2National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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15
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Gormsen LC, Vendelbo MH, Pedersen MA, Haraldsen A, Hjorthaug K, Bogsrud TV, Petersen LJ, Jensen KJ, Brøndum R, El-Galaly TC. A comparative study of standardized quantitative and visual assessment for predicting tumor volume and outcome in newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma staged with 18F-FDG PET/CT. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:36. [PMID: 31054023 PMCID: PMC6499846 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Semi-automated quantitative measurement of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) for prognosis in diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has gained considerable interest lately. However, simple tumor volume measures may be inadequate for assessment of prognosis in DLBCL as other characteristics such as growth pattern and metabolic heterogeneity may be just as important. In addition, MTV measurements require delineation of tumor lesions by semi-automated software, which can be time-consuming. We hypothesized that a simple visual assessment of tumor volume performs as well as standardized MTV measurements in DLBCL prognostication. Materials and methods Quantitative and visual analyses of pre-therapy 18F-FDG PET/CT scans in 118 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL were conducted. Quantitative analyses were performed using Hermes TumourFinder® to obtain MTV2.5 (SUV 2.5 cut-off) and MTV41 (41% SUVmax isocontour cut-off). Visual assessments included a binary prediction (good/poor prognosis) as well as tumor burden based on a visual analog scale (MTVVAS) and an estimated volume (eMTV). Three experienced nuclear medicine physicians who were blinded to clinical outcome performed visual evaluations. Progression-free survival was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test. Inter-observer variability was evaluated by Fleiss’ kappa for multiple observers. Results In the quantitative analysis, a ROC-determined MTV2.5 cut-off (log-rank p = 0.11) seemed to outperform MTV41 (log-rank p = 0.76) for PFS prediction. TLG2.5 (log-rank p = 0.14) and TLG41 (log-rank p = 0.34) were not associated with outcomes. By visual analysis, all three reviewers were able to stratify patients into good/poor prognosis (reviewer A log-rank p = 0.002, reviewer B log-rank p = 0.016, and reviewer C log-rank p = 0.012) with fair inter-observer agreement (Fleiss’ kappa 0.47). MTVVAS and eMTV were not consistently correlated with the outcome. Conclusion Predictions of outcome after first-line treatment for DLBCL were surprisingly good when left to the unsupervised, subjective judgment of experienced readers of lymphoma 18F-FDG-PET/CT. The study highlights the importance of non-standardized clinical judgments and shows potential loss of valuable prognostic information when relying solely on semi-automated MTV measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars C Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Abildgaard Pedersen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ate Haraldsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karin Hjorthaug
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trond Velde Bogsrud
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Aarhus, Denmark.,PET Centre, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Lars J Petersen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Karen Juul Jensen
- Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Brøndum
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tarec C El-Galaly
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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16
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Voss TS, Vendelbo MH, Kampmann U, Pedersen SB, Nielsen TS, Johannsen M, Svart MV, Jessen N, Møller N. Substrate metabolism, hormone and cytokine levels and adipose tissue signalling in individuals with type 1 diabetes after insulin withdrawal and subsequent insulin therapy to model the initiating steps of ketoacidosis. Diabetologia 2019; 62:494-503. [PMID: 30506451 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Lack of insulin and infection/inflammation are the two most common causes of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). We used insulin withdrawal followed by insulin administration as a clinical model to define effects on substrate metabolism and to test whether increased levels of counter-regulatory hormones and cytokines and altered adipose tissue signalling participate in the early phases of DKA. METHODS Nine individuals with type 1 diabetes, without complications, were randomly studied twice, in a crossover design, for 5 h followed by 2.5 h high-dose insulin clamp: (1) insulin-controlled euglycaemia (control) and (2) after 14 h of insulin withdrawal in a university hospital setting. RESULTS Insulin withdrawal increased levels of glucose (6.1 ± 0.5 vs 18.6 ± 0.5 mmol/l), NEFA, 3-OHB (127 ± 18 vs 1837 ± 298 μmol/l), glucagon, cortisol and growth hormone and decreased HCO3- and pH, without affecting catecholamine or cytokine levels. Whole-body energy expenditure, endogenous glucose production (1.55 ± 0.13 vs 2.70 ± 0.31 mg kg-1 min-1), glucose turnover, non-oxidative glucose disposal, lipid oxidation, palmitate flux (73 [range 39-104] vs 239 [151-474] μmol/min), protein oxidation and phenylalanine flux all increased, whereas glucose oxidation decreased. In adipose tissue, Ser473 phosphorylation of Akt and mRNA levels of G0S2 decreased, whereas CGI-58 (also known as ABHD5) mRNA increased. Protein levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase phosphorylations were unaltered. Insulin therapy decreased plasma glucose concentrations dramatically after insulin withdrawal, without any detectable effect on net forearm glucose uptake. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Release of counter-regulatory hormones and overall increased catabolism, including lipolysis, are prominent features of preacidotic ketosis induced by insulin withdrawal, and dampening of Akt insulin signalling and transcriptional modulation of ATGL activity are involved. The lack of any increase in net forearm glucose uptake during insulin therapy after insulin withdrawal indicates muscle insulin resistance. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02077348 FUNDING: This study was supported by Aarhus University and the KETO Study Group/Danish Agency for Science Technology and Innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Voss
- Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, building 3, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kampmann
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen B Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Section for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads V Svart
- Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, building 3, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, building 3, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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17
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Hjuler KF, Gormsen LC, Vendelbo MH, Egeberg A, Nielsen J, Iversen L. Systemic Inflammation and Evidence of a Cardio-splenic Axis in Patients with Psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol 2018; 98:390-395. [PMID: 29327063 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The spleen is thought to play a role in atherosclerosis-associated immunity and cardiovascular research has indicated the existence of a cardio-splenic axis. The aim of this study was to assess splenic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake as a measure of systemic inflammation in patients with untreated psoriasis compared with historical controls assessed by positron emission tomography-computed tomography. Patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis (n = 12, age 61.4 ± 4.1 years, 83% men, mean Psoriasis Area Severity Index score of 14.5) and controls (n = 23, age 60.4 ± 4.5 years, 87% men) were included in the study. Splenic inflammation was measured using the background-corrected spleen-liver-ratio (SLR) based on mean standardized uptake values. Mean ± SD SLR was increased in patients with psoriasis compared with controls (0.94 ± 0.11 vs. 0.82 ± 0.08; p = 0.001). SLR was significantly associated with aortic inflammation. These results support the existence of systemic inflammation in patients with psoriasis, and provide the rationale for a mechanistic link between psoriasis-driven inflammation and cardiovascular comorbidity through a spleen-atherosclerotic axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper F Hjuler
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Aarhus University Hospital, P.P. Orums gade 11, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. , ,
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18
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Abstract
An increasing collection of imaging technologies makes it possible to differentiate treatment responders from nonresponders based on genetic variation. This chapter will review some of the imaging technologies currently available in nuclear medicine to visualize drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Some of the commonly used techniques to detect radiation-emitting compounds are the two-dimensional scintigraphy and the three-dimensional single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) which both detect photons using a gamma camera, and the three-dimensional positron emission tomography (PET), which detect the decay of positron-emitting radionuclides. Current examples include visualization of functional effects of genetic variants, and these provide proof of concept for imaging in pharmacogenetics as a tool to improve efficacy and safety of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Jessen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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19
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Voss TS, Vendelbo MH, Kampmann U, Hingst JR, Wojtaszewski JFP, Svart MV, Møller N, Jessen N. Acute Hypoglycemia in Healthy Humans Impairs Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Uptake and Glycogen Synthase in Skeletal Muscle: A Randomized Clinical Study. Diabetes 2017; 66:2483-2494. [PMID: 28596236 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoglycemia is the leading limiting factor in glycemic management of insulin-treated diabetes. Skeletal muscle is the predominant site of insulin-mediated glucose disposal. Our study used a crossover design to test to what extent insulin-induced hypoglycemia affects glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and whether hypoglycemia counterregulation modulates insulin and catecholamine signaling and glycogen synthase activity in skeletal muscle. Nine healthy volunteers were examined on three randomized study days: 1) hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (bolus insulin), 2) hyperinsulinemic euglycemia (bolus insulin and glucose infusion), and 3) saline control with skeletal muscle biopsies taken just before, 30 min after, and 75 min after insulin/saline injection. During hypoglycemia, glucose levels reached a nadir of ∼2.0 mmol/L, and epinephrine rose to ∼900 pg/mL. Hypoglycemia impaired insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and glucose clearance in skeletal muscle, whereas insulin signaling in glucose transport was unaffected by hypoglycemia. Insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase activity was completely ablated during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, and catecholamine signaling via cAMP-dependent protein kinase and phosphorylation of inhibiting sites on glycogen synthase all increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Voss
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kampmann
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Janne R Hingst
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads V Svart
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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20
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Sundelin E, Gormsen LC, Jensen JB, Vendelbo MH, Jakobsen S, Munk OL, Christensen M, Brøsen K, Frøkiaer J, Jessen N. Genetic Polymorphisms in Organic Cation Transporter 1 Attenuates Hepatic Metformin Exposure in Humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 102:841-848. [PMID: 28380657 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metformin has been used successfully to treat type 2 diabetes for decades. However, the efficacy of the drug varies considerably from patient to patient and this may in part be due to its pharmacokinetic properties. The aim of this study was to examine if common polymorphisms in SLC22A1, encoding the transporter protein OCT1, affect the hepatic distribution of metformin in humans. We performed noninvasive 11 C-metformin positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) to determine hepatic exposure in 12 subjects genotyped for variants in SLC22A1. Hepatic distribution of metformin was significantly reduced after oral intake in carriers of M420del and R61C variants in SLC22A1 without being associated with changes in circulating levels of metformin. Our data show that genetic polymorphisms in transporter proteins cause variation in hepatic exposure to metformin, and it demonstrates the application of novel imaging techniques to investigate pharmacogenetic properties in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eio Sundelin
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - L C Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - J B Jensen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - M H Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - S Jakobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - O L Munk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Mmh Christensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - K Brøsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - J Frøkiaer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - N Jessen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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21
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Gormsen LC, Svart M, Thomsen HH, Søndergaard E, Vendelbo MH, Christensen N, Tolbod LP, Harms HJ, Nielsen R, Wiggers H, Jessen N, Hansen J, Bøtker HE, Møller N. Ketone Body Infusion With 3-Hydroxybutyrate Reduces Myocardial Glucose Uptake and Increases Blood Flow in Humans: A Positron Emission Tomography Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.005066. [PMID: 28242634 PMCID: PMC5524028 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.005066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of ketone bodies are associated with improved survival as observed with regular exercise, caloric restriction, and-most recently-treatment with sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 inhibitor antidiabetic drugs. In heart failure, indices of ketone body metabolism are upregulated, which may improve energy efficiency and increase blood flow in skeletal muscle and the kidneys. Nevertheless, it is uncertain how ketone bodies affect myocardial glucose uptake and blood flow in humans. Our study was therefore designed to test whether ketone body administration in humans reduces myocardial glucose uptake (MGU) and increases myocardial blood flow. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight healthy subjects, median aged 60 were randomly studied twice: (1) During 390 minutes infusion of Na-3-hydroxybutyrate (KETONE) or (2) during 390 minutes infusion of saline (SALINE), together with a concomitant low-dose hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to inhibit endogenous ketogenesis. Myocardial blood flow was measured by 15O-H2O positron emission tomography/computed tomography, myocardial fatty acid metabolism by 11C-palmitate positron emission tomography/computed tomography and MGU by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Similar euglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and suppressed free fatty acids levels were recorded on both study days; Na-3-hydroxybutyrate infusion increased circulating Na-3-hydroxybutyrate levels from zero to 3.8±0.5 mmol/L. MGU was halved by hyperketonemia (MGU [nmol/g per minute]: 304±97 [SALINE] versus 156±62 [KETONE], P<0.01), whereas no effects were observed on palmitate uptake oxidation or esterification. Hyperketonemia increased heart rate by ≈25% and myocardial blood flow by 75%. CONCLUSIONS Ketone bodies displace MGU and increase myocardial blood flow in healthy humans; these novel observations suggest that ketone bodies are important cardiac fuels and vasodilators, which may have therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars C Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads Svart
- Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Esben Søndergaard
- Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nana Christensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Poulsen Tolbod
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hendrik Johannes Harms
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Roni Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Wiggers
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Hansen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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22
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Voss TS, Vendelbo MH, Kampmann U, Pedersen SB, Nielsen TS, Johannsen M, Svart MV, Jessen N, Møller N. Effects of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on lipolysis rate, lipid oxidation and adipose tissue signalling in human volunteers: a randomised clinical study. Diabetologia 2017; 60:143-152. [PMID: 27734104 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aims of this study were to determine the role of lipolysis in hypoglycaemia and define the underlying intracellular mechanisms. METHODS Nine healthy volunteers were randomised to treatment order of three different treatments (crossover design). Treatments were: (1) saline control; (2) hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH; i.v. bolus of 0.1 U/kg insulin); and (3) hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemia (HE; i.v. bolus of 0.1 U/kg insulin and 20% glucose). Inclusion criteria were that volunteers were healthy, aged >18 years, had a BMI between 19 and 26 kg/m2, and provided both written and oral informed consent. Exclusion criteria were the presence of a known chronic disease (including diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, ischaemic heart disease and cardiac arrhythmias) and regular use of prescription medication. The data was collected at the medical research facilities at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. The primary outcome was palmitic acid flux. Participants were blinded to intervention order, but caregivers were not. RESULTS Adrenaline (epinephrine) and glucagon concentrations were higher during HH than during both HE and control treatments. NEFA levels and lipid oxidation rates (determined by indirect calorimetry) returned to control levels after 105 min. Palmitate flux was increased to control levels during HH (p = NS) and was more than twofold higher than during HE (overall mean difference between HH vs HE, 114 [95% CI 64, 165 μmol/min]; p < 0.001). In subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies, we found elevated levels of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and perilipin-1 phosphorylation 30 min after insulin injection during HH compared with both control and HE. There were no changes in the levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) or G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) proteins. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR were unaffected by hypoglycaemia. Expression of the G0S2 gene increased during HE and HH compared with control, without changes in ATGL (also known as PNPLA2) or CGI-58 (also known as ABHD5) mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that NEFAs become a major fuel source during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and that lipolysis may be an important component of the counter-regulatory response. These effects appear to be mediated by rapid stimulation of protein kinase A (PKA) and HSL, compatible with activation of the β-adrenergic catecholamine signalling pathway. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01919788 FUNDING: : The study was funded by Aarhus University, the Novo Nordisk Foundation and the KETO Study Group/Danish Agency for Science Technology and Innovation (grant no. 0603-00479, to NM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Voss
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kampmann
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steen B Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Nielsen
- Integrative Physiology Section, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Section for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mads V Svart
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Hjuler KF, Gormsen LC, Vendelbo MH, Egeberg A, Nielsen J, Iversen L. Increased global arterial and subcutaneous adipose tissue inflammation in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2016; 176:732-740. [PMID: 27787888 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is associated with cardiovascular disease; it has been proposed that increased cardiovascular risk is caused by low-grade systemic inflammation involving organs and tissues other than the skin and joints. OBJECTIVES To investigate signs of vascular inflammation in untreated patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis assessed by 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography. A secondary objective was to assess signs of subcutaneous adipose tissue inflammation. METHODS This was an observational, controlled clinical study including patients with psoriasis (n = 12, mean ± SD age 61·4 ± 4·1 years, 83% men, mean ± SD Psoriasis Area Severity Index score 14·5 ± 4·3) and matched controls (n = 23, mean ± SD age 60·4 ± 4·5 years, 87% men). Vascular inflammation was measured using aortic maximal standardized uptake values (SUVmax ) and the target-to-background ratio (TBRmax ) of the whole vessel and aortic segments. Subcutaneous adipose tissue inflammation was assessed and compared with regard to SUVmax and TBRmax . RESULTS Arterial inflammation was increased in patients with psoriasis vs. controls (mean ± SD whole vessel TBRmax 2·46 ± 0·31 vs. 2·09 ± 0·36; P = 0·005). In patients with psoriasis, higher FDG uptake values were observed for all aortic segments except the ascending aorta. Subcutaneous adipose tissue FDG uptake was increased in patients with psoriasis vs. controls (mean ± SD TBRmax 0·49 ± 0·18 vs. 0·31 ± 0·12; P = 0·002). Associations remained significant after adjusting for body mass index and age. CONCLUSIONS Global arterial inflammation and subcutaneous inflammation were significantly increased in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Hjuler
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L C Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M H Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Egeberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - J Nielsen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Blachnio-Zabielska AU, Chacinska M, Vendelbo MH, Zabielski P. The Crucial Role of C18-Cer in Fat-Induced Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 40:1207-1220. [PMID: 27960149 DOI: 10.1159/000453174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Muscle bioactive lipids accumulation leads to several disorder states. The most common are insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. There is an ongoing debate which of the lipid species plays the major role in induction of muscle IR. Our aim was to elucidate the role of particular lipid group in induction of muscle IR. METHODS The analyses were performed on muscle from the following groups of rats: 1. Control, fed standard diet, 2 HFD, fed high fat diet, 3. HFD/Myr, fed HFD and treated with myriocin (Myr), an inhibitor of ceramide de novo synthesis. We utilized [U13C] palmitate isotope tracer infusion and mass spectrometry to measure content and synthesis rate of muscle long-chain acyl-CoA (LCACoA), diacylglycerols (DAG) and ceramide (Cer). RESULTS HFD led to intramuscular accumulation of LCACoA, DAG and Cer and skeletal muscle IR. Myr-treatment caused decrease in Cer (most noticeable for stearoyl-Cer and oleoyl-Cer) and accumulation of DAG, possibly due to re-channeling of excess of intramuscular LCACoA towards DAG synthesis. An improvement in insulin sensitivity at both systemic and muscular level coincided with decrease in ceramide, despite elevated intramuscular DAG. CONCLUSION The improved insulin sensitivity was associated with decreased muscle stearoyl- and oleoyl-ceramide content. The results indicate that accumulation of those ceramide species has the greatest impact on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in rats.
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Bach E, Møller AB, Jørgensen JOL, Vendelbo MH, Jessen N, Pedersen SB, Nielsen TS, Møller N. Stress hormone release is a key component of the metabolic response to lipopolysaccharide: studies in hypopituitary and healthy subjects. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 175:455-65. [PMID: 27562403 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute and chronic inflammatory and metabolic responses are generated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during acute illness and in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, but whether these responses depend on intact pituitary release of hormones are not clearly identified. We compared the metabolic effects of LPS in hypopituitary patients (HPs) (in the absence of growth hormone (GH) and ACTH responses) and healthy control subjects (CTR) (with normal pituitary hormone responses). DESIGN Single-blind randomized. METHODS We compared the effects of LPS on glucose, protein and lipid metabolism in eight HP and eight matched CTR twice during 4-h basal and 2-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp conditions with muscle and fat biopsies in each period during infusion with saline or LPS. RESULTS LPS increased cortisol and GH levels in CTR but not in HP. Also, it increased whole-body palmitate fluxes (3-fold) and decreased palmitate-specific activity (SA) 40-50% in CTR, but not in HP. G(0)/G(1) Switch Gene 2 (G0S2 - an inhibitor of lipolysis) adipose tissue (AT) mRNA was decreased in CTR. Although LPS increased phenylalanine fluxes significantly more in CTR, there was no difference in glucose metabolism between groups and intramyocellular insulin signaling was unaltered in both groups. CONCLUSIONS LPS increased indices of lipolysis and amino acid/protein fluxes significantly more in CTR compared with HP and decreased adipocyte G0S2 mRNA only in CTR. Thus, in humans intact pituitary function and appropriate cortisol and GH release are crucial components of the metabolic response to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermina Bach
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
| | - Andreas B Møller
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
| | - Jens O L Jørgensen
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-CentreAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
| | - Steen B Pedersen
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
| | - Thomas S Nielsen
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic ResearchSection on Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
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Jessen N, Nielsen TS, Vendelbo MH, Viggers R, Støen OG, Evans A, Frøbert O. Pronounced expression of the lipolytic inhibitor G0/G1 Switch Gene 2 (G0S2) in adipose tissue from brown bears (Ursus arctos) prior to hibernation. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/8/e12781. [PMID: 27117803 PMCID: PMC4848729 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior to hibernation, the brown bear (Ursus arctos) exhibits unparalleled weight gain. Unlike humans, weight gain in bears is associated with lower levels of circulating free fatty acids (FFA) and increased insulin sensitivity. Understanding how free‐ranging brown bears suppress lipolysis when gaining weight may therefore provide novel insight toward the development of human therapies. Blood and subcutaneous adipose tissue were collected from immobilized free‐ranging brown bears (fitted with GPS‐collars) during hibernation in winter and from the same bears during the active period in summer in Dalarna, Sweden. The expression of lipid droplet‐associated proteins in adipose tissue was examined under the hypothesis that bears suppress lipolysis during summer while gaining weight by increased expression of negative regulators of lipolysis. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) expression did not differ between seasons, but in contrast, the expression of ATGL coactivator Comparative gene identification‐58 (CGI‐58) was lower in summer. In addition, the expression of the negative regulators of lipolysis, G0S2 and cell‐death inducing DNA fragmentation factor‐a‐like effector (CIDE)C markedly increased during summer. Free‐ranging brown bears display potent upregulation of inhibitors of lipolysis in adipose tissue during summer. This is a potential mechanism for increased insulin sensitivity during weight gain and G0S2 may serve as a target to modulate insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Jessen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas S Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Viggers
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole-Gunnar Støen
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Alina Evans
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology and Agricultural Sciences, Hedmark University College Campus Evenstad, Koppang, Norway
| | - Ole Frøbert
- Faculty of Health, Department of Cardiology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Vendelbo MH, Christensen B, Grønbæk SB, Høgild M, Madsen M, Pedersen SB, Jørgensen JOL, Jessen N, Møller N. GH signaling in human adipose and muscle tissue during 'feast and famine': amplification of exercise stimulation following fasting compared to glucose administration. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173:283-90. [PMID: 26034073 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fasting and exercise stimulates, whereas glucose suppresses GH secretion, but it is uncertain how these conditions impact GH signaling in peripheral tissues. To test the original 'feast and famine hypothesis' by Rabinowitz and Zierler, according to which the metabolic effects of GH are predominant during fasting, we specifically hypothesized that fasting and exercise act in synergy to increase STAT-5b target gene expression. DESIGN AND METHODS Eight healthy men were studied on two occasions in relation to a 1 h exercise bout: i) with a concomitant i.v. glucose infusion ('feast') and ii) after a 36 h fast ('famine'). Muscle and fat biopsy specimens were obtained before, immediately after, and 30 min after exercise. RESULTS GH increased during exercise on both examination days and this effect was amplified by fasting, and free fatty acid (FFA) levels increased after fasting. STAT-5b phosphorylation increased similarly following exercise on both occasions. In adipose tissue, suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and SOCS2 were increased after exercise on the fasting day and both fasting and exercise increased cytokine inducible SH2-containing protein (CISH). In muscle, SOCS2 and CISH mRNA were persistently increased after fasting. Muscle SOCS1, SOCS3, and CISH mRNA expression increased, whereas SOCS2 decreased after exercise on both examination days. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that fasting and exercise act in tandem to amplify STAT-5b target gene expression (SOCS and CISH) in adipose and muscle tissue in accordance with the 'feast and famine hypothesis'; the adipose tissue signaling responses, which hitherto have not been scrutinized, may play a particular role in promoting FFA mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Departments of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineNuclear Medicine and PET CenterResearch Laboratory for Biochemical PathologyAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark Departments of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineNuclear Medicine and PET CenterResearch Laboratory for Biochemical PathologyAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Britt Christensen
- Departments of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineNuclear Medicine and PET CenterResearch Laboratory for Biochemical PathologyAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark Departments of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineNuclear Medicine and PET CenterResearch Laboratory for Biochemical PathologyAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Solbritt B Grønbæk
- Departments of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineNuclear Medicine and PET CenterResearch Laboratory for Biochemical PathologyAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Høgild
- Departments of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineNuclear Medicine and PET CenterResearch Laboratory for Biochemical PathologyAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Madsen
- Departments of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineNuclear Medicine and PET CenterResearch Laboratory for Biochemical PathologyAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark Departments of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineNuclear Medicine and PET CenterResearch Laboratory for Biochemical PathologyAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen B Pedersen
- Departments of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineNuclear Medicine and PET CenterResearch Laboratory for Biochemical PathologyAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens O L Jørgensen
- Departments of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineNuclear Medicine and PET CenterResearch Laboratory for Biochemical PathologyAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Departments of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineNuclear Medicine and PET CenterResearch Laboratory for Biochemical PathologyAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark Departments of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineNuclear Medicine and PET CenterResearch Laboratory for Biochemical PathologyAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Departments of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineNuclear Medicine and PET CenterResearch Laboratory for Biochemical PathologyAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Vissing K, McGee SL, Farup J, Kjølhede T, Vendelbo MH, Jessen N. AMPK vs mTORC1 signaling: genuine exercise effects of differentiated exercise in humans. Response to letter to editor by Dr A. K. Yamada. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 22:580-1. [PMID: 22816722 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01450.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lauritzen ES, Voss T, Kampmann U, Mengel A, Vendelbo MH, Jørgensen JOL, Møller N, Vestergaard ET. Circulating acylghrelin levels are suppressed by insulin and increase in response to hypoglycemia in healthy adult volunteers. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 172:357-62. [PMID: 25599708 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ghrelin has glucoregulatory and orexigenic actions, but its role in acute hypoglycemia remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate circulating levels of acylghrelin (AG) and unacylated ghrelin (UAG) in response to hyperinsulinemia and to hypoglycemia. DESIGN A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study including 3 study days was performed at a university hospital clinical research center. METHODS Nine healthy men completed 3 study days: i) saline control (CTR), ii) hyperinsulinemic euglycemia (HE) (bolus insulin 0.1 IE/kg i.v. and glucose 20% i.v. for 105 min, plasma glucose ≈5 mmol/l), and iii) hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) (bolus insulin 0.1 IE/kg i.v.). RESULTS HH and HE suppressed AG concentrations at t=45-60 min as compared with CTR (P<0.05). At t=90 min, a rebound increase in AG was observed in response to HH as compared with both HE and CTR (P<0.05). UAG also decreased during HH and HE at t=45 min (P<0.05), whereas the AG-to-UAG ratio remained unaffected. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that AG and UAG are directly suppressed by hyperinsulinemia and that AG concentrations increase after a latency of ≈1 h in response to hypoglycemia, suggesting a potential counterregulatory role of AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esben S Lauritzen
- Medical Research LaboratoryAarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 3B, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2A, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Voss
- Medical Research LaboratoryAarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 3B, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2A, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kampmann
- Medical Research LaboratoryAarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 3B, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2A, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark Medical Research LaboratoryAarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 3B, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2A, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Annette Mengel
- Medical Research LaboratoryAarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 3B, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2A, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Medical Research LaboratoryAarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 3B, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2A, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens O L Jørgensen
- Medical Research LaboratoryAarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 3B, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2A, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark Medical Research LaboratoryAarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 3B, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2A, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research LaboratoryAarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 3B, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2A, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark Medical Research LaboratoryAarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 3B, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2A, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Esben T Vestergaard
- Medical Research LaboratoryAarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 3B, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2A, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Bach E, Møller AB, Jørgensen JOL, Vendelbo MH, Jessen N, Olesen JF, Pedersen SB, Nielsen TS, Møller N. Intact pituitary function is decisive for the catabolic response to TNF-α: studies of protein, glucose and fatty acid metabolism in hypopituitary and healthy subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:578-86. [PMID: 25375979 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT TNF-α generates inflammatory responses and insulin resistance, lipolysis, and protein breakdown. It is unclear whether these changes depend on intact hypothalamo-pituitary stress hormone responses to trigger the release of cortisol and growth hormone. OBJECTIVE To define differential effects of TNF-α on glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism in hypopituitary patients (without intact hypothalamo-pituitary axis) and healthy controls. DESIGN Randomized, placebo controlled, single-blinded. Setting, Participants, and Intervention: We studied eight hypopituitary (HP) patients and eight matched control subjects [control volunteers (CTR)] twice during 4-h basal and 2-h hyperinsulinemic clamp conditions with isotope dilution during infusion of saline or TNF-α(12 ng/kg/h) for 6 h. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Phenylalanine, urea, palmitate, and glucose fluxes and fat biopsies in basal and clamp periods. RESULTS TNF-α infusion significantly increased cortisol and GH levels in CTR but not in HP. TNF-α increased phenylalanine fluxes in both groups, with the increase being significantly greater in CTR, and raised urea flux by 40 % in CTR without any alteration in HP. Endogenous glucose production (EGP) was elevated in CTR compared to HP after TNF-α administration, whereas insulin sensitivity remained similarly unaffected in both groups. TNF-α increased whole body palmitate fluxes and decreased palmitate specific activity in CTR, but not in HP without statistical difference between groups. We did not detect significant effects TNF-α on lipase expression or regulation in fat. CONCLUSIONS TNF-α increased both urea and amino acid fluxes and EGP significantly more in CTR compared to HP, suggesting that increases in endogenous cortisol and GH release are significant components of the metabolic response to TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermina Bach
- Medical Research Laboratories (E.B., A.B.M., J.O.L.J., M.H.V., N.J., J.F.O., S.B.P., N.M.), Clinical Institute, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine (E.B., A.B.M., J.O.L.J., M.H.V., N.J., J.F.O., S.B.P., N.M.), Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Internal Medicine (E.B.), Viborg Regional Hospital, 8800 Viborg, Denmark; and The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research (T.S.N.), Section on Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Johnson ML, Irving BA, Lanza IR, Vendelbo MH, Konopka AR, Robinson MM, Henderson GC, Klaus KA, Morse DM, Heppelmann C, Bergen HR, Dasari S, Schimke JM, Jakaitis DR, Nair KS. Differential Effect of Endurance Training on Mitochondrial Protein Damage, Degradation, and Acetylation in the Context of Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:1386-93. [PMID: 25504576 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute aerobic exercise increases reactive oxygen species and could potentially damage proteins, but exercise training (ET) enhances mitochondrial respiration irrespective of age. Here, we report a differential impact of ET on protein quality in young and older participants. Using mass spectrometry we measured oxidative damage to skeletal muscle proteins before and after 8 weeks of ET and find that young but not older participants reduced oxidative damage to both total skeletal muscle and mitochondrial proteins. Young participants showed higher total and mitochondrial derived semitryptic peptides and 26S proteasome activity indicating increased protein degradation. ET however, increased the activity of the endogenous antioxidants in older participants. ET also increased skeletal muscle content of the mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3 in both groups. A reduction in the acetylation of isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 was observed following ET that may counteract the effect of acute oxidative stress. In conclusion aging is associated with an inability to improve skeletal muscle and mitochondrial protein quality in response to ET by increasing degradation of damaged proteins. ET does however increase muscle and mitochondrial antioxidant capacity in older individuals, which provides increased buffering from the acute oxidative effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Present address: Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Surendra Dasari
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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Vestergaard PF, Vendelbo MH, Pedersen SB, Juul A, Ringgard S, Møller N, Jessen N, Jørgensen JOL. GH signaling in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in healthy human subjects: impact of gender and age. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 171:623-31. [PMID: 25163724 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanisms underlying the impact of age and gender on the GH-IGF1 axis remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that age and gender have impacts on GH signaling in human subjects in vivo. DESIGN A total of 20 healthy non-obese adults ('young group'<30 years (5F/5M) and 'old group'>60 years (5F/5M)) were studied after: i) an i.v. GH bolus (0.5 mg) and ii) saline. METHODS Muscle and fat biopsies were obtained after 30 and 120 min. Total and phosphorylated STAT5B proteins, gene expression of IGF1, SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3 and CISH, body composition, VO2max, and muscle strength were measured. RESULTS In the GH-unstimulated state, women displayed significantly elevated levels of CISH mRNA in muscle (P=0.002) and fat (P=0.05) and reduced levels of IGF1 mRNA in fat. Phosphorylated STAT5B (pSTAT5b) was maximally increased in all subjects 30 min after GH exposure and more pronounced in women when compared with men (P=0.01). IGF1, SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and CISH mRNA expression increased significantly in muscle after 120 min in all subjects with no impact of age and gender. GH-induced pSTAT5b correlated inversely with lean body mass (LBM; r=-0.56, P=0.01) and positively with the CISH mRNA response (r=0.533, P=0.05). CONCLUSION i) GH signaling in muscle and fat after a single GH bolus in healthy human subjects is age independent, ii) we hypothesize that constitutive overexpression of CISH may contribute to the relative GH resistance in women, and iii) experimental studies on the impact of sex steroid administration and physical training on GH signaling in human subjects in vivo are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poul F Vestergaard
- The Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Growth and ReproductionUniversity Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical MedicineMR Research Centre Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- The Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Growth and ReproductionUniversity Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical MedicineMR Research Centre Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Steen B Pedersen
- The Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Growth and ReproductionUniversity Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical MedicineMR Research Centre Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- The Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Growth and ReproductionUniversity Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical MedicineMR Research Centre Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Steffen Ringgard
- The Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Growth and ReproductionUniversity Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical MedicineMR Research Centre Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- The Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Growth and ReproductionUniversity Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical MedicineMR Research Centre Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- The Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Growth and ReproductionUniversity Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical MedicineMR Research Centre Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jens O L Jørgensen
- The Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Growth and ReproductionUniversity Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical MedicineMR Research Centre Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Stefanetti RJ, Lamon S, Wallace M, Vendelbo MH, Russell AP, Vissing K. Regulation of ubiquitin proteasome pathway molecular markers in response to endurance and resistance exercise and training. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:1523-1537. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Vendelbo MH, Møller AB, Treebak JT, Gormsen LC, Goodyear LJ, Wojtaszewski JFP, Jørgensen JOL, Møller N, Jessen N. Sustained AS160 and TBC1D1 phosphorylations in human skeletal muscle 30 min after a single bout of exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:289-96. [PMID: 24876356 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00044.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND phosphorylation of AS160 and TBC1D1 plays an important role for GLUT4 mobilization to the cell surface. The phosphorylation of AS160 and TBC1D1 in humans in response to acute exercise is not fully characterized. OBJECTIVE to study AS160 and TBC1D1 phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle after aerobic exercise followed by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. DESIGN eight healthy men were studied on two occasions: 1) in the resting state and 2) in the hours after a 1-h bout of ergometer cycling. A hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was initiated 240 min after exercise and in a time-matched nonexercised control condition. We obtained muscle biopsies 30 min after exercise and in a time-matched nonexercised control condition (t = 30) and after 30 min of insulin stimulation (t = 270) and investigated site-specific phosphorylation of AS160 and TBC1D1. RESULTS phosphorylation on AS160 and TBC1D1 was increased 30 min after the exercise bout, whereas phosphorylation of the putative upstream kinases, Akt and AMPK, was unchanged compared with resting control condition. Exercise augmented insulin-stimulated phosphorylation on AS160 at Ser(341) and Ser(704) 270 min after exercise. No additional exercise effects were observed on insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Thr(642) and Ser(588) on AS160 or Ser(237) and Thr(596) on TBC1D1. CONCLUSIONS AS160 and TBC1D1 phosphorylations were evident 30 min after exercise without simultaneously increased Akt and AMPK phosphorylation. Unlike TBC1D1, insulin-stimulated site-specific AS160 phosphorylation is modified by prior exercise, but these sites do not include Thr(642) and Ser(588). Together, these data provide new insights into phosphorylation of key regulators of glucose transport in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Vendelbo
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A B Møller
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L C Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L J Goodyear
- Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J F P Wojtaszewski
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, The August Krogh Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - J O L Jørgensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - N Møller
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - N Jessen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Stefanetti RJ, Lamon S, Rahbek SK, Farup J, Zacharewicz E, Wallace MA, Vendelbo MH, Russell AP, Vissing K. Influence of divergent exercise contraction mode and whey protein supplementation on atrogin-1, MuRF1, and FOXO1/3A in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 116:1491-502. [PMID: 24458747 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00136.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge from human exercise studies on regulators of muscle atrophy is lacking, but it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms influencing skeletal muscle protein turnover and net protein gain. This study examined the regulation of muscle atrophy-related factors, including atrogin-1 and MuRF1, their upstream transcription factors FOXO1 and FOXO3A and the atrogin-1 substrate eIF3-f, in response to unilateral isolated eccentric (ECC) vs. concentric (CONC) exercise and training. Exercise was performed with whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) or isocaloric carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation. Twenty-four subjects were divided into WPH and CHO groups and completed both single-bout exercise and 12 wk of training. Single-bout ECC exercise decreased atrogin-1 and FOXO3A mRNA compared with basal and CONC exercise, while MuRF1 mRNA was upregulated compared with basal. ECC exercise downregulated FOXO1 and phospho-FOXO1 protein compared with basal, and phospho-FOXO3A was downregulated compared with CONC. CONC single-bout exercise mediated a greater increase in MuRF1 mRNA and increased FOXO1 mRNA compared with basal and ECC. CONC exercise downregulated FOXO1, FOXO3A, and eIF3-f protein compared with basal. Following training, an increase in basal phospho-FOXO1 was observed. While WPH supplementation with ECC and CONC training further increased muscle hypertrophy, it did not have an additional effect on mRNA or protein levels of the targets measured. In conclusion, atrogin-1, MuRF1, FOXO1/3A, and eIF3-f mRNA, and protein levels, are differentially regulated by exercise contraction mode but not WPH supplementation combined with hypertrophy-inducing training. This highlights the complexity in understanding the differing roles these factors play in healthy muscle adaptation to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renae J Stefanetti
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Séverine Lamon
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Stine K Rahbek
- Section of Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
| | - Jean Farup
- Section of Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
| | - Evelyn Zacharewicz
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Marita A Wallace
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Kristian Vissing
- Section of Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
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Bach E, Nielsen RR, Vendelbo MH, Møller AB, Jessen N, Buhl M, K- Hafstrøm T, Holm L, Pedersen SB, Pilegaard H, Biensø RS, Jørgensen JO, Møller N. Direct effects of TNF-α on local fuel metabolism and cytokine levels in the placebo-controlled, bilaterally infused human leg: increased insulin sensitivity, increased net protein breakdown, and increased IL-6 release. Diabetes 2013; 62:4023-9. [PMID: 23835341 PMCID: PMC3837036 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has widespread metabolic actions. Systemic TNF-α administration, however, generates a complex hormonal and metabolic response. Our study was designed to test whether regional, placebo-controlled TNF-α infusion directly affects insulin resistance and protein breakdown. We studied eight healthy volunteers once with bilateral femoral vein and artery catheters during a 3-h basal period and a 3-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. One artery was perfused with saline and one with TNF-α. During the clamp, TNF-α perfusion increased glucose arteriovenous differences (0.91 ± 0.17 vs. 0.74 ± 0.15 mmol/L, P = 0.012) and leg glucose uptake rates. Net phenylalanine release was increased by TNF-α perfusion with concomitant increases in appearance and disappearance rates. Free fatty acid kinetics was not affected by TNF-α, whereas interleukin-6 (IL-6) release increased. Insulin and protein signaling in muscle biopsies was not affected by TNF-α. TNF-α directly increased net muscle protein loss, which may contribute to cachexia and general protein loss during severe illness. The finding of increased insulin sensitivity, which could relate to IL-6, is of major clinical interest and may concurrently act to provide adequate tissue fuel supply and contribute to the occurrence of systemic hypoglycemia. This distinct metabolic feature places TNF-α among the rare insulin mimetics of human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermina Bach
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Roni R. Nielsen
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H. Vendelbo
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas B. Møller
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads Buhl
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas K- Hafstrøm
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Holm
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen B. Pedersen
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Rasmus S. Biensø
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens O.L. Jørgensen
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Corresponding author: Niels Møller,
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Vissing K, Rahbek SK, Lamon S, Farup J, Stefanetti RJ, Wallace MA, Vendelbo MH, Russell A. Effect of resistance exercise contraction mode and protein supplementation on members of the STARS signalling pathway. J Physiol 2013; 591:3749-63. [PMID: 23753523 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.249755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The striated muscle activator of Rho signalling (STARS) pathway is suggested to provide a link between external stress responses and transcriptional regulation in muscle. However, the sensitivity of STARS signalling to different mechanical stresses has not been investigated. In a comparative study, we examined the regulation of the STARS signalling pathway in response to unilateral resistance exercise performed as either eccentric (ECC) or concentric (CONC) contractions as well as prolonged training; with and without whey protein supplementation. Skeletal muscle STARS, myocardian-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A) and serum response factor (SRF) mRNA and protein, as well as muscle cross-sectional area and maximal voluntary contraction, were measured. A single-bout of exercise produced increases in STARS and SRF mRNA and decreases in MRTF-A mRNA with both ECC and CONC exercise, but with an enhanced response occurring following ECC exercise. A 31% increase in STARS protein was observed exclusively after CONC exercise (P < 0.001), while pSRF protein levels increased similarly by 48% with both CONC and ECC exercise (P < 0.001). Prolonged ECC and CONC training equally stimulated muscle hypertrophy and produced increases in MRTF-A protein of 125% and 99%, respectively (P < 0.001). No changes occurred for total SRF protein. There was no effect of whey protein supplementation. These results show that resistance exercise provides an acute stimulation of the STARS pathway that is contraction mode dependent. The responses to acute exercise were more pronounced than responses to accumulated training, suggesting that STARS signalling is primarily involved in the initial phase of exercise-induced muscle adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Vissing
- Section of Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Dalgas Avenue 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Buhl M, Bosnjak E, Vendelbo MH, Gjedsted J, Nielsen RR, K-Hafstrøm T, Vestergaard ET, Jessen N, Tønnesen E, Møller AB, Pedersen SB, Pilegaard H, Biensø RS, Jørgensen JOL, Møller N. Direct effects of locally administered lipopolysaccharide on glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism in the placebo-controlled, bilaterally infused human leg. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:2090-9. [PMID: 23543661 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) may create a constant low-grade inflammation, leading to insulin resistance and diabetes. All previous human studies assessing the metabolic actions of LPS have used systemic administration, making discrimination between direct and indirect effects impossible. OBJECTIVE We sought to define the direct, placebo-controlled effects of LPS on insulin resistance and protein and lipid metabolism in the infused human leg without systemic interference from cytokines and stress hormones. DESIGN This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded study. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION We studied 8 healthy volunteers with bilateral femoral vein and artery catheters during a 3-hour basal and 3-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp period with bilateral muscle biopsies in each period during infusion with saline and LPS. RESULTS Overall, LPS perfusion significantly decreased leg glucose uptake, and during the clamp LPS decreased glucose arteriovenous differences (0.65 ± 0.07 mmol/L vs 0.73 ± 0.08 mmol/L). Net palmitate release was increased by LPS, and secondary post hoc testing indicated increased palmitate isotopic dilution, although primary ANOVA tests did not reveal significant dilution. Leg blood flows, phenylalanine, lactate kinetics, cytokines, and intramyocellular insulin signaling were not affected by LPS. LPS thus directly inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and increases palmitate release in the perfused human leg without detectable effects on amino acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS These data strongly suggest that the primary metabolic effect of LPS is increased lipolysis and muscle insulin resistance, which, together with secondary insulin resistance, caused by systemic cytokine and stress hormone release may lead to overt glucose intolerance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Buhl
- Medical Research Laboratories, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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Lamon S, Wallace MA, Stefanetti RJ, Rahbek SK, Vendelbo MH, Russell AP, Vissing K. Regulation of the STARS signaling pathway in response to endurance and resistance exercise and training. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:1317-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Christensen B, Vendelbo MH, Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm T, Madsen M, Pedersen SB, Jessen N, Møller N, Jørgensen JOL. Erythropoietin administration acutely stimulates resting energy expenditure in healthy young men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 112:1114-21. [PMID: 22241056 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01391.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) improves insulin sensitivity in patients with end-stage renal disease, and animal studies indicate that Epo increases fat oxidation. However, the metabolic effects of rHuEpo have never been experimentally studied in healthy humans. The aim was to investigate the effects of an acute rHuEpo bolus on substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy young men. Ten healthy young men were studied in a single-blinded, randomized crossover design with a 2-wk washout period receiving 400 IU/kg rHuEpo or placebo. Substrate metabolism was evaluated by indirect calorimetry and tracer infusions, and insulin sensitivity by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp; and PCR and Western blotting measured protein expression and content, respectively. Resting energy expenditure (REE) increased significantly after rHuEpo [basal: 1,863.3 ± 67.2 (kcal/day) (placebo) vs. 2,041.6 ± 81.2 (rHuEpo), P < 0.001; clamp: 1,903.9 ± 68.3 (placebo) vs. 2,015.7 ± 114.4 (rHuEpo), P = 0.03], but the increase could not be explained by changes in mRNA levels of uncoupling protein 2 or 3. Fat oxidation in the basal state tended to be higher after rHuEpo but could not be explained by changes in mRNA levels of CPT1 and PPARα or AMPK and ACC protein phosphorylation. Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, glucose metabolism, and whole body and forearm protein metabolism did not change significantly in response to rHuEpo. In conclusion, a single injection of rHuEpo acutely increases REE in healthy human subjects. This calorigenic effect is not accompanied by distinct alterations in the pattern of substrate metabolism or insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Christensen
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Nielsen TS, Vendelbo MH, Jessen N, Pedersen SB, Jørgensen JO, Lund S, Møller N. Fasting, but not exercise, increases adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) protein and reduces G(0)/G(1) switch gene 2 (G0S2) protein and mRNA content in human adipose tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:E1293-7. [PMID: 21613358 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fasting and exercise are characterized by increased lipolysis, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The study was designed to test whether fasting and exercise affect mRNA and protein levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and G(0)/G(1) switch gene 2 (G0S2), a recently discovered ATGL inhibitor, in humans. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS We studied eight healthy men (age, 25.5 ± 4.3 yr) for 6 h (a 4-h basal and a 2-h clamp period) on three occasions in a randomized crossover design: 1) in the basal state and after; 2) 72-h fasting; and 3) 1-h exercise (65% VO(2max)). Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (AT) biopsies were taken at t = 30 and 270 min. SETTING The study was conducted at a university hospital research unit. RESULTS Circulating free fatty acids and GH were increased, and C-peptide was decreased by both fasting and exercise. During fasting, insulin failed to suppress free fatty acid levels, suggesting AT insulin resistance. ATGL protein was increased 44% (P < 0.001), and G0S2 mRNA and protein were decreased 56% (P = 0.02) and 54% (P = 0.01), respectively, after fasting, but both ATGL and G0S2 were unaffected by exercise. Protein levels of hormone-sensitive lipase and comparative gene identification-58 were unaffected throughout. CONCLUSIONS We found increased AT content of ATGL and decreased protein and mRNA content of the ATGL inhibitor G0S2, suggesting increased ATGL activity during fasting, but not after short-term exercise. These findings are compatible with the notion that the ATGL-G0S2 complex is an important long-term regulator of lipolysis under physiological conditions such as fasting in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Nielsen
- Medical Research Laboratories, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm T, Madsen M, Vendelbo MH, Pedersen SB, Christiansen JS, Møller N, Jessen N, Jørgensen JOL. Insulin and GH signaling in human skeletal muscle in vivo following exogenous GH exposure: impact of an oral glucose load. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19392. [PMID: 21559284 PMCID: PMC3086909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GH induces acute insulin resistance in skeletal muscle in vivo, which in rodent models has been attributed to crosstalk between GH and insulin signaling pathways. Our objective was to characterize time course changes in signaling pathways for GH and insulin in human skeletal muscle in vivo following GH exposure in the presence and absence of an oral glucose load. METHODS Eight young men were studied in a single-blinded randomized crossover design on 3 occasions: 1) after an intravenous GH bolus 2) after an intravenous GH bolus plus an oral glucose load (OGTT), and 3) after intravenous saline plus OGTT. Muscle biopsies were taken at t = 0, 30, 60, and 120. Blood was sampled at frequent intervals for assessment of GH, insulin, glucose, and free fatty acids (FFA). RESULTS GH increased AUC(glucose) after an OGTT (p<0.05) without significant changes in serum insulin levels. GH induced phosphorylation of STAT5 independently of the OGTT. Conversely, the OGTT induced acute phosphorylation of the insulin signaling proteins Akt (ser(473) and thr(308)), and AS160.The combination of OGTT and GH suppressed Akt activation, whereas the downstream expression of AS160 was amplified by GH. WE CONCLUDED THE FOLLOWING: 1) A physiological GH bolus activates STAT5 signaling pathways in skeletal muscle irrespective of ambient glucose and insulin levels 2) Insulin resistance induced by GH occurs without a distinct suppression of insulin signaling proteins 3) The accentuation of the glucose-stimulated activation of AS 160 by GH does however indicate a potential crosstalk between insulin and GH. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00477997.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology (MEA) and Medical Research Laboratories, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Vendelbo MH, Nair KS. Mitochondrial longevity pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta 2011; 1813:634-44. [PMID: 21295080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Average lifespan has increased over the last centuries, as a consequence of medical and environmental factors, but maximal life span remains unchanged. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of aging and determinants of life span will help to reduce age-related morbidity and facilitate healthy aging. Extension of maximal life span is currently possible in animal models with measures such as genetic manipulations and caloric restriction (CR). CR appears to prolong life by reducing oxidative damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed to cause deleterious effects on DNA, proteins, and lipids, and generation of these highly reactive molecules takes place in the mitochondria. But ROS is positively implicated in cellular stress defense mechanisms and formation of ROS a highly regulated process controlled by a complex network of intracellular signaling pathways. There are endogenous anti-oxidant defense systems that have the potential to partially counteract ROS impact. In this review, we will describe pathways contributing to the regulation of the age-related decline in mitochondrial function and their impact on longevity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Mitochondria: the deadly organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Vendelbo
- Division of endocrinology, Endocrine research Unit, The Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW Joseph 5-194, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Vendelbo MH, Jørgensen JO, Pedersen SB, Gormsen LC, Lund S, Schmitz O, Jessen N, Møller N. Exercise and fasting activate growth hormone-dependent myocellular signal transducer and activator of transcription-5b phosphorylation and insulin-like growth factor-I messenger ribonucleic acid expression in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:E64-8. [PMID: 20534752 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT GH secretion is increased by stress, such as fasting and exercise. OBJECTIVE Our study was designed to test the hypothesis that fasting and exercise increase GH levels, GH-dependent signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-5b phosphorylation, and IGF-I mRNA levels in human skeletal muscle. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Eight healthy men (25.5 +/- 4.3 yr) were studied for 6 h (a 4 h basal and a 2 h clamp period) in the basal state and after 72 h fasting and a 1-h ergometer cycling at 65% maximal oxygen uptake. Muscle biopsies were taken at t = 30 and 270 min. SETTING The study was conducted at a university clinical research unit. RESULTS During exercise, GH concentrations rapidly increased to greater than 10 ng/ml (P < 0.001). Thirty minutes after exercise, we observed a 4-fold increase in signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-5 phosphorylation (P < 0.001) followed by an increase in IGF-I mRNA after 270 min (P = 0.026). During fasting, more sporadic GH bursts occurred, leading to an overall 3-fold increase in GH area under the curve(t=0-270) (P < 0.001). Similarly, STAT5 patterns were less consistent, with a tendency toward increased phosphorylation (P = 0.067, area under the curve(t=0-270)), whereas IGF-I mRNAs were persistently increased (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our data show that myocellular GH signaling is stimulated after exercise and fasting in terms of increased STAT5 phosphorylation and/or IGF-I gene expression. This suggests that exercise with brief, well-defined GH peaks leads to distinct STAT5 phosphorylation and subsequent IGF-I gene expression, whereas fasting induces more sporadic GH bursts and less distinct but more persistent activation of the GH signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Moller N, Vendelbo MH, Kampmann U, Christensen B, Madsen M, Norrelund H, Jorgensen JO. Growth hormone and protein metabolism. Clin Nutr 2009; 28:597-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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