1
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Chen W, Li T, Du S, Chen H, Wang Q. Microalgal polyunsaturated fatty acids: Hotspots and production techniques. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1146881. [PMID: 37064250 PMCID: PMC10102661 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1146881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Algae play a crucial role in the earth’s primary productivity by producing not only oxygen but also a variety of high-value nutrients. One such nutrient is polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are accumulated in many algae and can be consumed by animals through the food chain and eventually by humans. Omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs are essential nutrients for human and animal health. However, compared with plants and aquatic sourced PUFA, the production of PUFA-rich oil from microalgae is still in the early stages of exploration. This study has collected recent reports on algae-based PUFA production and analyzed related research hotspots and directions, including algae cultivation, lipids extraction, lipids purification, and PUFA enrichment processes. The entire technological process for the extraction, purification and enrichment of PUFA oils from algae is systemically summarized in this review, providing important guidance and technical reference for scientific research and industrialization of algae-based PUFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tianpei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shuwen Du
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wang,
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2
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Melgar-Locatelli S, de Ceglia M, Mañas-Padilla MC, Rodriguez-Pérez C, Castilla-Ortega E, Castro-Zavala A, Rivera P. Nutrition and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus: Does what you eat help you remember? Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1147269. [PMID: 36908779 PMCID: PMC9995971 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1147269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a complex process by which neural progenitor cells (NPCs)/neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferate and differentiate into new neurons and other brain cells. In adulthood, the hippocampus is one of the areas with more neurogenesis activity, which is involved in the modulation of both emotional and cognitive hippocampal functions. This complex process is affected by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including nutrition. In this regard, preclinical studies performed in rats and mice demonstrate that high fats and/or sugars diets have a negative effect on adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). In contrast, diets enriched with bioactive compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols, as well as intermittent fasting or caloric restriction, can induce AHN. Interestingly, there is also growing evidence demonstrating that offspring AHN can be affected by maternal nutrition in the perinatal period. Therefore, nutritional interventions from early stages and throughout life are a promising perspective to alleviate neurodegenerative diseases by stimulating neurogenesis. The underlying mechanisms by which nutrients and dietary factors affect AHN are still being studied. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that additional peripheral mediators may be involved. In this sense, the microbiota-gut-brain axis mediates bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain and could act as a link between nutritional factors and AHN. The aim of this mini-review is to summarize, the most recent findings related to the influence of nutrition and diet in the modulation of AHN. The importance of maternal nutrition in the AHN of the offspring and the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the nutrition-neurogenesis relationship have also been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Melgar-Locatelli
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Marialuisa de Ceglia
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Carmen Mañas-Padilla
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Celia Rodriguez-Pérez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos 'José Mataix', Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Adriana Castro-Zavala
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain.,UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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3
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Taoro-González L, Pereda D, Valdés-Baizabal C, González-Gómez M, Pérez JA, Mesa-Herrera F, Canerina-Amaro A, Pérez-González H, Rodríguez C, Díaz M, Marin R. Effects of Dietary n-3 LCPUFA Supplementation on the Hippocampus of Aging Female Mice: Impact on Memory, Lipid Raft-Associated Glutamatergic Receptors and Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7430. [PMID: 35806435 PMCID: PMC9267073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), essential molecules whose precursors must be dietary supplied, are highly represented in the brain contributing to numerous neuronal processes. Recent findings have demonstrated that LCPUFA are represented in lipid raft microstructures, where they favor molecular interactions of signaling complexes underlying neuronal functionality. During aging, the brain lipid composition changes affecting the lipid rafts' integrity and protein signaling, which may induce memory detriment. We investigated the effect of a n-3 LCPUFA-enriched diet on the cognitive function of 6- and 15-months-old female mice. Likewise, we explored the impact of dietary n-3 LCPUFAs on hippocampal lipid rafts, and their potential correlation with aging-induced neuroinflammation. Our results demonstrate that n-3 LCPUFA supplementation improves spatial and recognition memory and restores the expression of glutamate and estrogen receptors in the hippocampal lipid rafts of aged mice to similar profiles than young ones. Additionally, the n-3 LCPUFA-enriched diet stabilized the lipid composition of the old mice's hippocampal lipid rafts to the levels of young ones and reduced the aged-induced neuroinflammatory markers. Hence, we propose that n-3 LCPUFA supplementation leads to beneficial cognitive performance by "rejuvenating" the lipid raft microenvironment that stabilizes the integrity and interactions of memory protein players embedded in these microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Taoro-González
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias (ITB), University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (C.R.)
| | - Daniel Pereda
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (D.P.); (C.V.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
- Associate Research Unit ULL-CSIC, Membrane Physiology and Biophysics in Neurodegenerative and Cancer Diseases, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Catalina Valdés-Baizabal
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (D.P.); (C.V.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
- Associate Research Unit ULL-CSIC, Membrane Physiology and Biophysics in Neurodegenerative and Cancer Diseases, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miriam González-Gómez
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias (ITB), University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (C.R.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva (NeuroCog), University of La Laguna, 38205 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - José A. Pérez
- Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Fátima Mesa-Herrera
- Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Ana Canerina-Amaro
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (D.P.); (C.V.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
- Associate Research Unit ULL-CSIC, Membrane Physiology and Biophysics in Neurodegenerative and Cancer Diseases, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Herminia Pérez-González
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Covadonga Rodríguez
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas de Canarias (ITB), University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (M.G.-G.); (C.R.)
- Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Mario Díaz
- Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva (NeuroCog), University of La Laguna, 38205 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- IUETSP (Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias), University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Raquel Marin
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (D.P.); (C.V.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
- Associate Research Unit ULL-CSIC, Membrane Physiology and Biophysics in Neurodegenerative and Cancer Diseases, University of La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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4
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Rubio-Tomás T, Rueda-Robles A, Plaza-Díaz J, Álvarez-Mercado AI. Nutrition and cellular senescence in obesity-related disorders. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 99:108861. [PMID: 34517097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adequate nutrition is vital for immune homeostasis. However, the incidence of obesity is increasing worldwide due to the adoption of the Western diet and a sedentary lifestyle. Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation which alters the function of adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, and the nervous system. Inflammation is related to cellular senescence, distinguished by irreversible cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells secrete the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) which contains pro-inflammatory factors. Targeting processes in senescence might have a salutary approach to obesity. The present review highlights the impact of an unhealthy diet on tissues affected by obesity, and the mechanisms that promote the consequent inflammation and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rubio-Tomás
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, University of Crete, Herakleion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ascensión Rueda-Robles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada Spain.
| | - Ana I Álvarez-Mercado
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada Spain.
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5
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Chataigner M, Lucas C, Di Miceli M, Pallet V, Laye S, Mehaignerie A, Bouvret E, Dinel AL, Joffre C. Dietary Fish Hydrolysate Improves Memory Performance Through Microglial Signature Remodeling During Aging. Front Nutr 2021; 8:750292. [PMID: 34888336 PMCID: PMC8650686 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.750292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammation, which significantly impairs cognitive function. Microglial cells, the immunocompetent cells of the brain, present a different phenotype, switching from a homeostatic signature (M0) to a more reactive phenotype called “MGnD” (microglial neurodegenerative phenotype), leading to a high production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, microglial cells can be activated by age-induced gut dysbiosis through the vagus nerve or the modulation of the peripheral immune system. Nutrients, in particular n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and low molecular weight peptides, display powerful immunomodulatory properties, and can thus prevent age-related cognitive decline. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of n-3 LC-PUFAs and low molecular weight peptides contained in a marine by-product-derived hydrolysate on microglial phenotypes and intestinal permeability and their consequences on cognition in mice. We demonstrated that the hydrolysate supplementation for 8 weeks prevented short- and long-term memory decline during aging. These observations were linked to the modulation of microglial signature. Indeed, the hydrolysate supplementation promoted homeostatic microglial phenotype by increasing TGF-β1 expression and stimulated phagocytosis by increasing Clec7a expression. Moreover, the hydrolysate supplementation promoted anti-inflammatory intestinal pathway and tended to prevent intestinal permeability alteration occurring during aging. Therefore, the fish hydrolysate appears as an interesting candidate to prevent cognitive decline during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Chataigner
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, Bordeaux, France.,Abyss Ingredients, Caudan, France
| | - Céline Lucas
- NutriBrain Research and Technology Transfer, NutriNeuro, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Di Miceli
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, Bordeaux, France.,Worcester Biomedical Research Group, School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Pallet
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Laye
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Anne-Laure Dinel
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, Bordeaux, France.,NutriBrain Research and Technology Transfer, NutriNeuro, Bordeaux, France
| | - Corinne Joffre
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, Bordeaux, France
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6
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Yoshinaga K, Usami Y, Yoshinaga-Kiriake A, Shikano H, Taira S, Nagasaka R, Tanaka S, Gotoh N. Visualization of dietary docosahexaenoic acid in whole-body zebrafish using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 100:108897. [PMID: 34748923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish models have been developed for several studies involving lipid metabolism and lipid-related diseases. In the present study, the migration of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in whole-body zebrafish was estimated by stable-isotope tracer and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Administration of 1-13C-2,2-D2-labeled DHA ((+3)DHA) ethyl ester to male zebrafish was conducted to evaluate its accumulation, migration, and distribution in the body. The (+3)DHA content in the body of zebrafish after administering (+3)DHA for 10 and 15 d was significantly higher than that in the control group. (+3)DHA was observed as a constituent of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the intestine of zebrafish that were administered (+3)DHA for 5 and 10 d. (+3)DHA-containing PC tended to accumulate in the intestines of zebrafish administered (+3)DHA for 1 d, indicating that recombination of (+3)DHA from ethyl ester to PC occurs quickly at intestine. After administration for 15 d, (+3)DHA-containing PC accumulated in the intestine, liver, and muscle of whole-body zebrafish. In contrast, (+3)DHA-containing PC was not detected in the brain. These results showed that dietary DHA is initially constructed into PC as a structural component of intestinal cell membranes and gradually migrates into peripheral tissues such as muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Yoshinaga
- Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuka Usami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hitomi Shikano
- Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shu Taira
- Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Reiko Nagasaka
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Tanaka
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Gotoh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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7
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Exploring the Role of Nutraceuticals in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Rationale, State of the Art and Future Prospects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080821. [PMID: 34451918 PMCID: PMC8399392 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex and common disorder, with many factors involved in its onset and development. The clinical management of this condition is frequently based on the use of some pharmacological antidepressant agents, together with psychotherapy and other alternatives in most severe cases. However, an important percentage of depressed patients fail to respond to the use of conventional therapies. This has created the urgency of finding novel approaches to help in the clinical management of those individuals. Nutraceuticals are natural compounds contained in food with proven benefits either in health promotion or disease prevention and therapy. A growing interest and economical sources are being placed in the development and understanding of multiple nutraceutical products. Here, we summarize some of the most relevant nutraceutical agents evaluated in preclinical and clinical models of depression. In addition, we will also explore less frequent but interest nutraceutical products which are starting to be tested, also evaluating future roads to cover in order to maximize the benefits of nutraceuticals in MDD.
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8
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Wei G, Zhang Z, Fu D, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zu Y, Zhang L, Zhang Z. Enzyme-assisted Solvent Extraction of High-yield Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. Seed Oil and Fatty Acid Composition and Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Activity. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1133-1146. [PMID: 34248097 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-assisted solvent extraction (EASE) of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. seed oil (PSO) was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The fatty acid composition and anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) activity of PSO were analyzed. An enzyme mixture composed of cellulase and hemicellulase (1:1, w/w) was most effective in determining the extraction yield of PSO. The ideal extraction conditions were a pH value of 5.1, an enzymolysis time of 68 min, and a temperature of 50℃. The average extraction yield of PSO was 38.2 mL/100 g, 37.4% higher than that of untreated peony seed (27.8 mL/100 g). The fatty acid composition of PSO under optimal conditions for EASE was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The predominant unsaturated fatty acids of PSO were determined to be more than 90.00%, including n-3 α-linolenic acid (43.33%), n-6 linoleic acid (23.40%) and oleic acid (23.59%). In this experiment, the anti-AD effect of PSO was also analyzed by performing learning and memory ability tests with Drosophila. PSO retarded the decrease in climbing ability in AD Drosophila. The 1% and 5% PSO groups were significantly different from the model group (b p < 0.05). The smell short-term memory ability test revealed the number of Drosophila in barrier and barrier-free centrifuge tubes in each group. PSO feeding improved learning and memory in AD Drosophila, with the highest number entering the barrierfree centrifuge tube. The performance index (PI) measured by the Pavlov olfactory avoidance conditioning test also demonstrated the effect of PSO on the learning and memory abilities of Drosophila. The PI of the PSO group was significantly increased compared to that of the model group. HE-stained brain tissue sections of AD Drosophila showed higher neurodegenerative changes, while PSO significantly reduced neurodegenerative damage. These results indicated that PSO can significantly improve the cognitive function of AD Drosophila and may help to prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wei
- Department of School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University
| | | | - Dongmei Fu
- College of chemistry, chemical engineering and resource utilization, Northeast Forestry University
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of chemistry, chemical engineering and resource utilization, Northeast Forestry University
| | - Weipeng Zhang
- College of chemistry, chemical engineering and resource utilization, Northeast Forestry University
| | - Yuangang Zu
- College of chemistry, chemical engineering and resource utilization, Northeast Forestry University
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of chemistry, chemical engineering and resource utilization, Northeast Forestry University
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University
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9
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Yoshinaga K, Ishikawa H, Beppu F, Gotoh N. Incorporation of Dietary Arachidonic and Docosatetraenoic Acid into Mouse Brain. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2457-2461. [PMID: 33594883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is essential to analyze the metabolism of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain for the research and development of functional foods. In this study, a single dose of 2,2-dideuterium-labeled docosatetraenoic acid ((+2)DTA) or 2,2-dideuterium-labeled arachidonic acid ((+2)AA) was orally administered to Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice and its metabolism in the brain was investigated. In the (+2)DTA group, the (+2)DTA content in the brain was significantly increased at 4, 8, 24, and 96 h compared to 0 h after administration, while in the (+2)AA group, the (+2)AA content was significantly increased at 4, 8, 24, and 96 h compared to 0 h. However, there was no significant difference in the content of (+2)DTA, a metabolite of (+2)AA, among all the groups. These results suggest that dietary (+2)DTA and (+2)AA pass through the blood-brain barrier and dietary (+2)AA is rather stored in the brain than converted to (+2)DTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Yoshinaga
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1248, Japan
| | - Haruna Ishikawa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Beppu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Naohiro Gotoh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
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10
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Figlewicz DP, Witkamp RF. FATTY ACIDS AS CELL SIGNALS IN INGESTIVE BEHAVIORS. Physiol Behav 2020; 223:112985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Alzheimer's Disease and Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators: Do MaR1, RvD1, and NPD1 Show Promise for Prevention and Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165783. [PMID: 32806612 PMCID: PMC7460933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease and a major contributor to progressive cognitive impairment in an aging society. As the pathophysiology of AD involves chronic neuroinflammation, the resolution of inflammation and the group of lipid mediators that actively regulate it-i.e., specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs)-attracted attention in recent years as therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the following three specific SPMs and summarizes their relationships to AD, as they were shown to effectively address and reduce the risk of AD-related neuroinflammation: maresin 1 (MaR1), resolvin D1 (RvD1), and neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1). These three SPMs are metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is contained in fish oils and is thus easily available to the public. They are expected to become incorporated into promising avenues for preventing and treating AD in the future.
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12
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Amoussou N, Marengo M, Durieux EDH, Douny C, Scippo ML, Gobert S. Trace Elements and Fatty Acid Profile of Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801) from Mediterranean Aquaculture. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:618-628. [PMID: 31625052 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801) counts among the most appreciated and increasingly consumed fish species in Europe, little information is available on its flesh quality. This research concerns both healthy aquatic resource diversification and good nutritional quality. It is the first study to evaluate the quality of A. regius flesh from Mediterranean aquaculture. It aims to assess the concentration of 19 trace elements and to determine the fatty acid profile of this fish farmed in the Mediterranean Sea and to discuss human exposure risks. The nutritional intake of oligoelements (selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), and chromium (Cr)) and the mean concentrations of contaminants (arsenic (As), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and tin (Sn)) in A. regius muscles are, respectively, above and below recommended regulatory standards set by the international legislation. Additionally, the low fat content in its muscle mass and its high level of docosahexaenoic acid (C22: 6 n-3; DHA) and, to a lesser extent, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20: 5 n-3; EPA) confers satisfying nutritional qualities. This study allowed to conclude that meager can be considered as a source of seafood with good nutritional qualities for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellya Amoussou
- Centre MARE, Laboratoire d'Océanologie, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, B6c, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Marengo
- Centre MARE, Laboratoire d'Océanologie, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, B6c, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
- STAtion de REcherche Sous-marines et Océanographiques (STARESO), 20260, Calvi, France.
- UMR 6134 CNRS-UCPP Sciences pour l'Environnement, Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, 20250, Corse, France.
| | - Eric Dominique Henry Durieux
- UMR 6134 CNRS-UCPP Sciences pour l'Environnement, Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, 20250, Corse, France
- UMS 3514 CNRS-UCPP Plateforme marine Stella Mare, Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, 20620, Biguglia, France
| | - Caroline Douny
- Faculté de Médecine vétérinaire, Laboratoire d'Analyse des Denrées Alimentaires, Université de Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 10, Bât B43B, Sart-Tilman, BE-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Louise Scippo
- Faculté de Médecine vétérinaire, Laboratoire d'Analyse des Denrées Alimentaires, Université de Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 10, Bât B43B, Sart-Tilman, BE-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Gobert
- Centre MARE, Laboratoire d'Océanologie, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, B6c, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- STAtion de REcherche Sous-marines et Océanographiques (STARESO), 20260, Calvi, France
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13
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Yoshinaga K, Ishikawa H, Taira S, Yoshinaga-Kiriake A, Usami Y, Gotoh N. Selective Visualization of Administrated Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in Brain Using Combination of Simple Stable Isotope-Labeling Technique and Imaging Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8685-8690. [PMID: 32468807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We developed a new method for monitoring the distribution of administrated fatty acids in the body by combination of a stable isotope-labeling technique and imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). The developed stable isotope-labeling technique is very simple and able to adapt to all the fatty acid species. In this study, we synthesized stable isotope-labeled arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and they were simultaneously administrated to mice to examine their migrations and distributions in the brain. The administrated AA and DHA have two more molecular weights compared to the originals and apparently were distinguished from the originally accumulated AA and DHA in the brain using IMS. As a result, we reveal that the administered AA and DHA first accumulated in the hippocampus and cerebellar cortex in the brain. This technique does not use radio isotopes and would appear to elucidate the role of all kinds of fatty acid species in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Yoshinaga
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1248, Japan
| | - Haruna Ishikawa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Shu Taira
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1248, Japan
| | - Aya Yoshinaga-Kiriake
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1248, Japan
| | - Yuka Usami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Naohiro Gotoh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
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14
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Sugasini D, Yalagala PCR, Subbaiah PV. Plasma BDNF is a more reliable biomarker than erythrocyte omega-3 index for the omega-3 fatty acid enrichment of brain. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10809. [PMID: 32616795 PMCID: PMC7331585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enriching brain DHA is believed to be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of several neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. An impediment in assessing the effectiveness of the treatments is the lack of a reliable biomarker for brain DHA. The commonly used erythrocyte omega-3 index is not suitable for brain because of the involvement of unique transporter at the blood brain barrier (BBB). We recently showed that dietary lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-DHA significantly increases brain DHA, which results in increase of brain BDNF. Since there is bidirectional transport of BDNF through the BBB, we tested the hypothesis that plasma BDNF may be used as biomarker for brain DHA enrichment. We altered the brain DHA in rats and mice over a wide range using different dietary carriers of DHA, and the correlations between the increase in brain omega-3 index with the increases in plasma BDNF and the erythrocyte index were determined. Whereas the increase in brain omega-3 index positively correlated with the increase in plasma BDNF, it negatively correlated with the erythrocyte index. These results show that the plasma BDNF is more reliable than the erythrocyte index as biomarker for assessing the effectiveness of omega-3 supplements in improving brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhavamani Sugasini
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Poorna C R Yalagala
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Papasani V Subbaiah
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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15
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Yalagala PCR, Sugasini D, Zaldua SB, Tai LM, Subbaiah PV. Lipase Treatment of Dietary Krill Oil, but Not Fish Oil, Enables Enrichment of Brain Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000059. [PMID: 32304625 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Currently available omega-3 fatty acid supplements do not enrich the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of the adult brain because they are absorbed as triacylglycerol, whereas the transporter at the blood brain barrier requires lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-DHA. The hypothesis that treatment of krill oil (KO), which contains DHA/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at the SN2 position of phosphatidylcholine, with SN1-specific lipase will generate LPC-DHA/EPA and which can be absorbed intact and transported into the brain, is tested. METHODS KO and fish oil (FO) are treated with Mucor meihei lipase, incorporated into AIN 93G diet, and fed to 2-month-old mice for 30 days. Fatty acid composition is analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is measured by ELISA. RESULTS Lipase-treated (LT) KO increases brain DHA and EPA, respectively, 5-and 70-fold better than untreated (UT) KO. FO, whether lipase-treated or not, has no effect on brain DHA/EPA. LTKO is also more efficient in enriching liver DHA/EPA, but less efficient than UTKO and FO in enriching adipose tissue and heart. Brain BDNF is significantly increased by LTKO, but only marginally by other preparations. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment of dietary KO with lipase enables it to efficiently increase brain DHA/EPA because of the generation of LPC-DHA/EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorna C R Yalagala
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dhavamani Sugasini
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Steve B Zaldua
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Leon M Tai
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Papasani V Subbaiah
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 South Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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16
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Park YH, Shin SJ, Kim HS, Hong SB, Kim S, Nam Y, Kim JJ, Lim K, Kim JS, Kim JI, Jeon SG, Moon M. Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Type Docosahexaenoic Acid Protects against Aβ-Mediated Mitochondrial Deficits and Pathomechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease-Related Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113879. [PMID: 32486013 PMCID: PMC7312360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that damage to the mitochondria affects the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and that mitochondrial dysfunction is improved by omega-3. However, no animal or cell model studies have confirmed whether omega-3 inhibits AD pathology related to mitochondria deficits. In this study, we aimed to (1) identify mitigating effects of endogenous omega-3 on mitochondrial deficits and AD pathology induced by amyloid beta (Aβ) in fat-1 mice, a transgenic omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)-producing animal; (2) identify if docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) improves mitochondrial deficits induced by Aβ in HT22 cells; and (3) verify improvement effects of DHA administration on mitochondrial deficits and AD pathology in B6SJL-Tg(APPSwFlLon,PSEN1*M146L*L286V)6799Vas/Mmjax (5XFAD), a transgenic Aβ-overexpressing model. We found that omega-3 PUFAs significantly improved Aβ-induced mitochondrial pathology in fat-1 mice. In addition, our in vitro and in vivo findings demonstrate that DHA attenuated AD-associated pathologies, such as mitochondrial impairment, Aβ accumulation, neuroinflammation, neuronal loss, and impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ho Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (Y.H.P.); (S.J.S.); (H.s.K.); (S.B.H.); (S.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Soo Jung Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (Y.H.P.); (S.J.S.); (H.s.K.); (S.B.H.); (S.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Hyeon soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (Y.H.P.); (S.J.S.); (H.s.K.); (S.B.H.); (S.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Sang Bum Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (Y.H.P.); (S.J.S.); (H.s.K.); (S.B.H.); (S.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (Y.H.P.); (S.J.S.); (H.s.K.); (S.B.H.); (S.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yunkwon Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (Y.H.P.); (S.J.S.); (H.s.K.); (S.B.H.); (S.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Jwa-Jin Kim
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Kyu Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Jong-Seok Kim
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea;
| | - Jin-il Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-i.K.); (S.G.J.); (M.M.); Tel.: +82-64-754-3755 (J.-i.K.); +82-42-600-6450 (S.G.J.); +82-42-600-8694 (M.M.)
| | - Seong Gak Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (Y.H.P.); (S.J.S.); (H.s.K.); (S.B.H.); (S.K.); (Y.N.)
- Biopharmaceutical Chemistry Major, School of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-i.K.); (S.G.J.); (M.M.); Tel.: +82-64-754-3755 (J.-i.K.); +82-42-600-6450 (S.G.J.); +82-42-600-8694 (M.M.)
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (Y.H.P.); (S.J.S.); (H.s.K.); (S.B.H.); (S.K.); (Y.N.)
- Correspondence: (J.-i.K.); (S.G.J.); (M.M.); Tel.: +82-64-754-3755 (J.-i.K.); +82-42-600-6450 (S.G.J.); +82-42-600-8694 (M.M.)
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17
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Joffre C, Dinel AL, Chataigner M, Pallet V, Layé S. n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Derivates Reduce Neuroinflammation during Aging. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030647. [PMID: 32121189 PMCID: PMC7146513 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
: Aging is associated to cognitive decline, which can lead to loss of life quality, personal suffering, and ultimately neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is one of the mechanisms explaining the loss of cognitive functions. Indeed, aging is associated to the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways, which can be targeted by specific nutrients with anti-inflammatory effects. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are particularly attractive as they are present in the brain, possess immunomodulatory properties, and are precursors of lipid derivates named specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). SPMs are crucially involved in the resolution of inflammation that is modified during aging, resulting in chronic inflammation. In this review, we first examine the effect of aging on neuroinflammation and then evaluate the potential beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA as precursors of bioactive derivates, particularly during aging, on the resolution of inflammation. Lastly, we highlight evidence supporting a role of n-3 PUFA during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Joffre
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (V.P.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anne-Laure Dinel
- NutriBrain Research and Technology Transfer, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Chataigner
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (V.P.); (S.L.)
- Abyss Ingredients, 56850 Caudan, France
| | - Véronique Pallet
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (V.P.); (S.L.)
| | - Sophie Layé
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (M.C.); (V.P.); (S.L.)
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18
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Kao YC, Ho PC, Tu YK, Jou IM, Tsai KJ. Lipids and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041505. [PMID: 32098382 PMCID: PMC7073164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids, as the basic component of cell membranes, play an important role in human health as well as brain function. The brain is highly enriched in lipids, and disruption of lipid homeostasis is related to neurologic disorders as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aging is associated with changes in lipid composition. Alterations of fatty acids at the level of lipid rafts and cerebral lipid peroxidation were found in the early stage of AD. Genetic and environmental factors such as apolipoprotein and lipid transporter carrying status and dietary lipid content are associated with AD. Insight into the connection between lipids and AD is crucial to unraveling the metabolic aspects of this puzzling disease. Recent advances in lipid analytical methodology have led us to gain an in-depth understanding on lipids. As a result, lipidomics have becoming a hot topic of investigation in AD, in order to find biomarkers for disease prediction, diagnosis, and prevention, with the ultimate goal of discovering novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Kao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (P.-C.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chuan Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (P.-C.H.)
| | - Yuan-Kun Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; (Y.-K.T.); (I.-M.J.)
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Orthopedics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan; (Y.-K.T.); (I.-M.J.)
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (P.-C.H.)
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-235-3535-4254; Fax: +886-6-275-8781
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19
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Joensuu M, Wallis TP, Saber SH, Meunier FA. Phospholipases in neuronal function: A role in learning and memory? J Neurochem 2020; 153:300-333. [PMID: 31745996 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the human brain being made of nearly 60% fat, the vast majority of studies on the mechanisms of neuronal communication which underpin cognition, memory and learning, primarily focus on proteins and/or (epi)genetic mechanisms. Phospholipids are the main component of all cellular membranes and function as substrates for numerous phospholipid-modifying enzymes, including phospholipases, which release free fatty acids (FFAs) and other lipid metabolites that can alter the intrinsic properties of the membranes, recruit and activate critical proteins, and act as lipid signalling molecules. Here, we will review brain specific phospholipases, their roles in membrane remodelling, neuronal function, learning and memory, as well as their disease implications. In particular, we will highlight key roles of unsaturated FFAs, particularly arachidonic acid, in neurotransmitter release, neuroinflammation and memory. In light of recent findings, we will also discuss the emerging role of phospholipase A1 and the creation of saturated FFAs in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja Joensuu
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tristan P Wallis
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Saber H Saber
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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20
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Zhang X, Han H, Ge X, Liu L, Wang T, Yu H. Effect of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 74:548-554. [PMID: 31804628 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
N-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) have positive effect on cognitive function with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is still controversial. The aim for this meta-analysis was to assess the scientific evidence published in the last 10 years on the effects of n-3 LC-PUFAs intake on MCI patients to explore whether n-3 LC-PUFAs have positive effective. A comprehensive literature search was developed using the Google Scholar, EMBASE, and PubMed database. The pooled effect for all studies was calculated using random-effects model. And the terms of weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was pooled and indicated the effects. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 statistics. A total of seven randomized clinical trials involving 213 cases of intervention and 221 cases of placebo were included in this analysis. Compared with placebo, n-3 LC-PUFAs supplements effectively improved cognition in elders with MCI (WMD = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.04-1.67, Z = 2.05, P = 0.04). Slight heterogeneity was detected across studies. Our results provided further evidence that n-3 LC-PUFAs may have beneficial effect in elderly with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Disease Risk Assessment, Shanxi Medical University, 56 South XinJian Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Hongjuan Han
- Department of Mathematics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ge
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Disease Risk Assessment, Shanxi Medical University, 56 South XinJian Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Disease Risk Assessment, Shanxi Medical University, 56 South XinJian Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Disease Risk Assessment, Shanxi Medical University, 56 South XinJian Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China.,Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Diseases Risk Assessment, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Disease Risk Assessment, Shanxi Medical University, 56 South XinJian Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China. .,Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Diseases Risk Assessment, Taiyuan, China.
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21
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Sugasini D, Yalagala PCR, Goggin A, Tai LM, Subbaiah PV. Enrichment of brain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is highly dependent upon the molecular carrier of dietary DHA: lysophosphatidylcholine is more efficient than either phosphatidylcholine or triacylglycerol. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 74:108231. [PMID: 31665653 PMCID: PMC6885117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is highly concentrated in the brain, and its deficiency is associated with several neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease. However, the currently used supplements do not appreciably enrich brain DHA, although they enrich most other tissues. We tested the hypothesis that the ability of the dietary carrier to augment brain DHA depends upon the generation of DHA-lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), the preferred carrier of DHA across the blood brain barrier. We compared the efficacy of DHA-triacylglycerol (TAG), di-DHA phosphatidylcholine (PC) and DHA-LPC to enrich brain DHA following their gavage to normal rats for 30 days, all at a dose of 10 mg DHA/day. The results show that DHA from TAG, which is released as free DHA or monoacylglycerol during digestion and is absorbed as TAG in chylomicrons, was incorporated preferentially into adipose tissue and heart but not into brain. In contrast, LPC-DHA increased brain DHA by up to 100% but had no effect on adipose tissue. Di-DHA PC, which generates both free DHA and LPC-DHA during the digestion, enriched DHA in brain, as well as in heart and liver. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor was increased by di-DHA PC and DHA-LPC, but not by TAG-DHA, showing that enrichment of brain DHA correlated with its functional effect. We conclude that dietary DHA from TAG or from natural PC (sn-2 position) is not suitable for brain enrichment, whereas DHA from LPC (at either sn-1 or sn-2 position) or from sn-1 position of PC efficiently enriches the brain and is functionally effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhavamani Sugasini
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Poorna C R Yalagala
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Alexis Goggin
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Papasani V Subbaiah
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612.
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Sun GY, Simonyi A, Fritsche KL, Chuang DY, Hannink M, Gu Z, Greenlief CM, Yao JK, Lee JC, Beversdorf DQ. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): An essential nutrient and a nutraceutical for brain health and diseases. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 136:3-13. [PMID: 28314621 PMCID: PMC9087135 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) enriched in phospholipids in the brain and retina, is known to play multi-functional roles in brain health and diseases. While arachidonic acid (AA) is released from membrane phospholipids by cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), DHA is linked to action of the Ca2+-independent iPLA2. DHA undergoes enzymatic conversion by 15-lipoxygenase (Alox 15) to form oxylipins including resolvins and neuroprotectins, which are powerful lipid mediators. DHA can also undergo non-enzymatic conversion by reacting with oxygen free radicals (ROS), which cause the production of 4-hydoxyhexenal (4-HHE), an aldehyde derivative which can form adducts with DNA, proteins and lipids. In studies with both animal models and humans, there is evidence that inadequate intake of maternal n-3 PUFA may lead to aberrant development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). What is less certain is whether consumption of n-3 PUFA is important in maintaining brain health throughout one's life span. Evidence mostly from non-human studies suggests that DHA intake above normal nutritional requirements might modify the risk/course of a number of diseases of the brain. This concept has fueled much of the present interest in DHA research, in particular, in attempts to delineate mechanisms whereby DHA may serve as a nutraceutical and confer neuroprotective effects. Current studies have revealed ability for the oxylipins to regulation of cell redox homeostasis through the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/Antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) anti-oxidant pathway, and impact signaling pathways associated with neurotransmitters, and modulation of neuronal functions involving brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). This review is aimed at describing recent studies elaborating these mechanisms with special regard to aging and Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, traumatic brain injury, and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Y Sun
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Agnes Simonyi
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kevin L Fritsche
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Dennis Y Chuang
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mark Hannink
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zezong Gu
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey K Yao
- Medical Research Service, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - James C Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David Q Beversdorf
- Department of Radiology, Neurology, and Psychological Sciences, and the Thompson Center, William and Nancy Thompson Endowed Chair in Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
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Abstract
Cognitive decline occurs in all persons during the aging process. Eventually, this can result in mild cognitive impairment and dementia. There are more than 100 causes of dementia. A multifocal approach to slowing cognitive decline (Mediterranean diet, exercise, computer games, socialization, and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors) appears to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Morley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Boulevard, M238, St Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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Biochemical and cognitive effects of docosahexaenoic acid differ in a developmental and SorLA dependent manner. Behav Brain Res 2018; 348:90-100. [PMID: 29660442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid intake on cognition are under debate as some studies show beneficial effects while others show no effects of omega-3 supplementation. These inconsistencies may be a result of inter-individual response variations, potentially caused by gene and diet interactions. SorLA is a multifunctional receptor involved in ligand trafficking including lipoprotein lipase and amyloid precursor protein. Decreased SorLA levels have been correlated to Alzheimer's disease, and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation is known to increase SorLA expression in neuronal cell lines and mouse models. We therefore addressed potential correlations between Sorl1 and dietary omega-3 in SorLA deficient mice (Sorl1-/-) and controls exposed to diets supplemented with or deprived of omega-3 during their entire development and lifespan (lifelong) or solely from the time of weaning (post weaning). Observed diet-induced effects were only evident when exposed to lifelong omega-3 supplementation or deprivation as opposed to post weaning exposure only. Lifelong exposure to omega-3 supplementation resulted in impaired spatial learning in Sorl1-/- mice. The vitamin C antioxidant capacity in the brains of Sorl1-/- mice was reduced, but reduced glutathione and vitamin E levels were increased, leaving the overall antioxidant capacity of the brain inconclusive. No gross morphological differences of hippocampal neurons were found to account for the altered behavior. We found a significant adverse effect in cognitive performance by combining SorLA deficiency with lifelong exposure to omega-3. Our results stress the need for investigations of the underlying molecular mechanisms to clarify the precise circumstances under which omega-3 supplementation may be beneficial.
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Vela S, Sainz N, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Solas M, Ramirez MJ. DHA Selectively Protects SAMP-8-Associated Cognitive Deficits Through Inhibition of JNK. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1618-1627. [PMID: 29911253 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A potential role of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) has been suggested in memory, learning, and cognitive processes. Therefore, ω-3 PUFAs might be a promising treatment option, albeit controversial, for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among the different mechanisms that have been proposed as responsible for the beneficial effects of ω-3 PUFAs, inhibition of JNK stands as a particularly interesting candidate. In the present work, it has been studied whether the administration of two different PUFAs (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) and a DHA-derived specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator (MaR1) is able to reverse cognitive deficits in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mouse model of sporadic AD. The novel object recognition test (NORT) test showed that recognition memory was significantly impaired in SAMP8 mice, as shown by a significantly decreased discrimination index that was reversed by MaR1 and DHA. In the retention phase of the Morris water maze (MWM) task, SAMP8 mice showed memory deficit that only DHA treatment was able to reverse. pJNK levels were significantly increased in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice compared to SAMR1 mice, and only DHA treatment was able to significantly reverse these increased pJNK levels. Similar results were found when measuring c-Jun, the main JNK substrate. Consequently to the increases in tau phosphorylation after increased pJNK, it was checked that tau phosphorylation (PHF-1) was increased in SAMP mice, and this effect was reversed after DHA treatment. Altogether, DHA could represent a new approach for the treatment of AD through JNK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vela
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Neira Sainz
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Solas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. .,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
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Carmichael OT, Pillai S, Shankapal P, McLellan A, Kay DG, Gold BT, Keller JN. A Combination of Essential Fatty Acids, Panax Ginseng Extract, and Green Tea Catechins Modifies Brain fMRI Signals in Healthy Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:837-846. [PMID: 30080229 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of a combination of omega 3 essential fatty acids, green tea catechins, and ginsenosides on cognition and brain functioning in healthy older adults. DESIGN Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design randomized controlled trial with 26-day intervention phases and a 30-day washout period. SETTING The Institute for Dementia Research and Prevention at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center. PARTICIPANTS Ten independently-living, cognitively-healthy older adults (mean age: 67.3 + 2.01 years). INTERVENTION Daily consumption of an investigational product (trade name "Cerbella TM") consisting of an emulsified liquid combination of standardized fish oil, panax ginseng extract, and green tea catechins in a flavored base of lecithin phospholipids optimized to maximize bioavailability of the active ingredients. MEASUREMENTS Before and after supplementation with the investigational product or placebo, participants completed cognitive tests including the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE), Stroop test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and Immediate and Delayed Recall tests, as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a standard cognitive task switching paradigm. RESULTS Performance on the MMSE, Stroop test, and DSST increased significantly over one month of supplementation with the investigational product (one-sample t tests, p<.05) although differences between these changes and corresponding changes during supplementation with placebo were not significant (two-sample t tests, p>.05). During supplementation with the investigational product, brain activation during task performance increased significantly more than during supplementation with placebo in brain regions known to be activated by this task (anterior and posterior cingulate cortex). Functional connectivity during task execution between task regions (middle frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex) increased significantly during supplementation with the investigational product, relative to placebo. Functional connectivity during rest between task regions (precentral gyrus and middle frontal gyrus) and default mode network regions (medial frontal gyrus and precuneus) decreased during supplementation with the investigational product relative to placebo, suggesting greater segregation of task and rest related brain activity. CONCLUSION One-month supplementation with a combination of omega 3 essential fatty acids, green tea catechins, and ginsenosides was associated with suggestive changes in cognitive functioning as well as modification of brain activation and brain functional connectivity in cognitively healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- O T Carmichael
- Owen Carmichael, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA,
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Morley JE, Berg-Weger M, Lundy J. Editorial: Nonpharmacological Treatment of Cognitive Impairment. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:632-633. [PMID: 29806850 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Morley
- John E. Morley, MB, BCh, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., M238, St. Louis, MO 63104,
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Meneses JAD, Trugilho LDA, Lima SDA, Freitas ACF, Melo HS, Ferreira MR, Velarde LGC, Brandão FZ, Rocha GDS, Boaventura GT. The influence of a diet based on flaxseed, an omega-3 source, during different developmental periods, on the blood pressure of rats submitted to stress. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 32:1516-1522. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1407309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Azevedo de Meneses
- Laboratoy of Experimental Nutrition (LabNE), College of Nutrition, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Liana de Araújo Trugilho
- Laboratoy of Experimental Nutrition (LabNE), College of Nutrition, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Samantha de Aguiar Lima
- Laboratoy of Experimental Nutrition (LabNE), College of Nutrition, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Henrique Saldanha Melo
- Laboratoy of Experimental Nutrition (LabNE), College of Nutrition, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Maitê Rocha Ferreira
- Laboratoy of Experimental Nutrition (LabNE), College of Nutrition, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Zandonadi Brandão
- Laboratory of Hormonal Dosing, Animal Reproduction Sector of Veterinary College, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle de Souza Rocha
- Laboratoy of Experimental Nutrition (LabNE), College of Nutrition, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Gilson Teles Boaventura
- Laboratoy of Experimental Nutrition (LabNE), College of Nutrition, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
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Mice Deficient in lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase delta ( Lpaatδ)/ acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase 4 ( Agpat4) Have Impaired Learning and Memory. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00245-17. [PMID: 28807933 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00245-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously characterized LPAATδ/AGPAT4 as a mitochondrial lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase that regulates brain levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Here, we report that Lpaatδ-/- mice display impaired spatial learning and memory compared to wild-type littermates in the Morris water maze and our investigation of potential mechanisms associated with brain phospholipid changes. Marker protein immunoblotting suggested that the relative brain content of neurons, glia, and oligodendrocytes was unchanged. Relative abundance of the important brain fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid was also unchanged in phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin, in agreement with prior data on PC, PE and PI. In phosphatidic acid, it was increased. Specific decreases in ethanolamine-containing phospholipids were detected in mitochondrial lipids, but the function of brain mitochondria in Lpaatδ-/- mice was unchanged. Importantly, we found that Lpaatδ-/- mice have a significantly and drastically lower brain content of the N-methyl-d-asparate (NMDA) receptor subunits NR1, NR2A, and NR2B, as well as the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunit GluR1, compared to wild-type mice. However, general dysregulation of PI-mediated signaling is not likely responsible, since phospho-AKT and phospho-mTOR pathway regulation was unaffected. Our findings indicate that Lpaatδ deficiency causes deficits in learning and memory associated with reduced NMDA and AMPA receptors.
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Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as lysophosphatidylcholine, but not as free acid, enriches brain DHA and improves memory in adult mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11263. [PMID: 28900242 PMCID: PMC5596017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11766-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is uniquely concentrated in the brain, and is essential for its function, but must be mostly acquired from diet. Most of the current supplements of DHA, including fish oil and krill oil, do not significantly increase brain DHA, because they are hydrolyzed to free DHA and are absorbed as triacylglycerol, whereas the transporter at blood brain barrier is specific for phospholipid form of DHA. Here we show that oral administration of DHA to normal adult mice as lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (40 mg DHA/kg) for 30 days increased DHA content of the brain by >2-fold. In contrast, the same amount of free DHA did not increase brain DHA, but increased the DHA in adipose tissue and heart. Moreover, LPC-DHA treatment markedly improved the spatial learning and memory, as measured by Morris water maze test, whereas free DHA had no effect. The brain derived neurotrophic factor increased in all brain regions with LPC-DHA, but not with free DHA. These studies show that dietary LPC-DHA efficiently increases brain DHA content and improves brain function in adult mammals, thus providing a novel nutraceutical approach for the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases associated with DHA deficiency, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
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Kishani Farahani H, Ashouri A, Goldansaz SH, Shapiro MS, Pierre JS, van Baaren J. Decrease of memory retention in a parasitic wasp: an effect of host manipulation by Wolbachia? INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 24:569-583. [PMID: 27090067 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Several factors, such as cold exposure, aging, the number of experiences and viral infection, have been shown to affect learning ability in different organisms. Wolbachia has been found worldwide as an arthropod parasite/mutualist symbiont in a wide range of species, including insects. Differing effects have been identified on physiology and behavior by Wolbachia. However, the effect of Wolbachia infection on the learning ability of their host had never previously been studied. The current study carried out to compare learning ability and memory duration in 2 strains of the parasitoid Trichogramma brassicae: 1 uninfected and 1 infected by Wolbachia. Both strains were able to associate the novel odors with the reward of an oviposition into a host egg. However, the percentage of females that responded to the experimental design and displayed an ability to learn in these conditions was higher in the uninfected strain. Memory duration was longer in uninfected wasps (23.8 and 21.4 h after conditioning with peppermint and lemon, respectively) than in infected wasps (18.9 and 16.2 h after conditioning with peppermint and lemon, respectively). Memory retention increased in response to the number of conditioning sessions in both strains, but memory retention was always shorter in the infected wasps than in the uninfected ones. Wolbachia infection may select for reduced memory retention because shorter memory induces infected wasps to disperse in new environments and avoid competition with uninfected wasps by forgetting cues related to previously visited environments, thus increasing transmission of Wolbachia in new environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Kishani Farahani
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Plant Protection, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ashouri
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Plant Protection, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Goldansaz
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Plant Protection, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Martin S Shapiro
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno, USA
| | - Jean-Sebastien Pierre
- UMR-CNRS 6553 EcoBio, University of Rennes 1, Avenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Joan van Baaren
- UMR-CNRS 6553 EcoBio, University of Rennes 1, Avenue du Général Leclerc, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
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Hueston CM, Cryan JF, Nolan YM. Stress and adolescent hippocampal neurogenesis: diet and exercise as cognitive modulators. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1081. [PMID: 28375209 PMCID: PMC5416690 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for brain maturation. Deciphering how disturbances to the central nervous system at this time affect structure, function and behavioural outputs is important to better understand any long-lasting effects. Hippocampal neurogenesis occurs during development and continues throughout life. In adulthood, integration of these new cells into the hippocampus is important for emotional behaviour, cognitive function and neural plasticity. During the adolescent period, maturation of the hippocampus and heightened levels of hippocampal neurogenesis are observed, making alterations to neurogenesis at this time particularly consequential. As stress negatively affects hippocampal neurogenesis, and adolescence is a particularly stressful time of life, it is important to investigate the impact of stressor exposure at this time on hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function. Adolescence may represent not only a time for which stress can have long-lasting effects, but is also a critical period during which interventions, such as exercise and diet, could ameliorate stress-induced changes to hippocampal function. In addition, intervention at this time may also promote life-long behavioural changes that would aid in fostering increased hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function. This review addresses both the acute and long-term stress-induced alterations to hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition during the adolescent period, as well as changes to the stress response and pubertal hormones at this time which may result in differential effects than are observed in adulthood. We hypothesise that adolescence may represent an optimal time for healthy lifestyle changes to have a positive and long-lasting impact on hippocampal neurogenesis, and to protect against stress-induced deficits. We conclude that future research into the mechanisms underlying the susceptibility of the adolescent hippocampus to stress, exercise and diet and the consequent effect on cognition may provide insight into why adolescence may be a vital period for correct conditioning of future hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Hueston
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - J F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Y M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Yin Y, Sun G, Li E, Kiselyov K, Sun D. ER stress and impaired autophagy flux in neuronal degeneration and brain injury. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 34:3-14. [PMID: 27594375 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly controlled lysosome-mediated function in eukaryotic cells to eliminate damaged or aged long-lived proteins and organelles. It is required for restoring cellular homeostasis in cell survival under multiple stresses. Autophagy is known to be a double-edged sword because too much activation or inhibition of autophagy can disrupt homeostatic degradation of protein and organelles within the brain and play a role in neuronal cell death. Many factors affect autophagy flux function in the brain, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, and aging. Newly emerged research indicates that altered autophagy flux functionality is involved in neurodegeneration of the aged brain, chronic neurological diseases, and after traumatic and ischemic brain injuries. In search to identify neuroprotective agents that may reduce oxidative stress and stimulate autophagy, one particular neuroprotective agent docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) presents unique functions in reducing ER and oxidative stress and modulating autophagy. This review will summarize the recent findings on changes of autophagy in aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and brain injury after trauma or ischemic strokes. Discussion of DHA functions is focused on modulating ER stress and autophagy in regard to its neuroprotection and anti-tumor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, PR China; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - George Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Eric Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Kirill Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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Farr SA, Niehoff ML, Ceddia MA, Herrlinger KA, Lewis BJ, Feng S, Welleford A, Butterfield DA, Morley JE. Effect of botanical extracts containing carnosic acid or rosmarinic acid on learning and memory in SAMP8 mice. Physiol Behav 2016; 165:328-38. [PMID: 27527000 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage is one of the hallmarks of the aging process. The current study evaluated effects of two proprietary antioxidant-based ingredients, rosemary extract and spearmint extract containing carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid, respectively, on learning and memory in the SAMP8 mouse model of accelerated aging. The two rosemary extracts contained carnosic acid (60% or 10% carnosic acid) and one spearmint extract contained 5% rosmarinic acid. Three doses of actives in each extract were tested: 32, 16, 1.6 or 0mg/kg. After 90days of treatment mice were tested in T-maze foot shock avoidance, object recognition and lever press. Rosemary extract containing 60% carnosic acid improved acquisition and retention in T-maze foot shock, object recognition and lever press. Rosemary extract with 10% carnosic acid improved retention in T-maze foot shock avoidance and lever press. Spearmint with 5% rosmarinic acid improved acquisition and retention in T-maze foot shock avoidance and object recognition. 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) was reduced in the brain cortex after treatment with all three extracts (P<0.001) compared to the vehicle treated SAMP8. Protein carbonyls were reduced in the hippocampus after administration of rosemary with 10% carnosic acid (P<0.05) and spearmint containing 5% rosmarinic acid (P<0.001). The current results indicate that the extracts from spearmint and rosemary have beneficial effects on learning and memory and brain tissue markers of oxidation that occur with age in SAMP8 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Farr
- VA Medical Center, 915 North Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63106, United States; St. Louis University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, 1402 South Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104, United States.
| | - Michael L Niehoff
- St. Louis University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, 1402 South Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Michael A Ceddia
- Kemin Foods, L.C, 2100 Maury St., Des Moines, IA, 50307, United States
| | | | - Brandon J Lewis
- Kemin Foods, L.C, 2100 Maury St., Des Moines, IA, 50307, United States
| | - Shulin Feng
- Kemin Foods, L.C, 2100 Maury St., Des Moines, IA, 50307, United States
| | - Andrew Welleford
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 249 Chemistry-Physics, Lexington, KY 40506, United States
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 249 Chemistry-Physics, Lexington, KY 40506, United States
| | - John E Morley
- St. Louis University School of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, 1402 South Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104, United States; St. Louis University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, 1402 South Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
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Alzheimer Mythology: A Time to Think Out of the Box. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016; 17:769-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Knöchel C, Voss M, Grüter F, Alves GS, Matura S, Sepanski B, Stäblein M, Wenzler S, Prvulovic D, Carvalho AF, Oertel-Knöchel V. Omega 3 Fatty Acids: Novel Neurotherapeutic Targets for Cognitive Dysfunction in Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia? Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 13:663-80. [PMID: 26467414 PMCID: PMC4761636 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150630173047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidences from preclinical as well as epidemiological and clinical
studies suggest a potential beneficial role of dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids for cognitive functioning.
In this narrative review, we will summarize and discuss recent findings from epidemiological, interventional
and experimental studies linking dietary consumption of omega-3 fatty acids to cognitive
function in healthy adults. Furthermore, affective disorders and schizophrenia (SZ) are characterized
by cognitive dysfunction encompassing several domains. Cognitive dysfunction is closely related to impaired functioning
and quality of life across these conditions. Therefore, the current review focues on the potential influence of omega-3 fatty
acids on cognition in SZ and affective disorders. In sum, current data predominantly from mechanistic models and animal
studies suggest that adjunctive omega-3 fatty acid supplementation could lead to improved cognitive functioning in SZ
and affective disorders. However, besides its translational promise, evidence for clinical benefits in humans has been
mixed. Notwithstanding evidences indicate that adjunctive omega-3 fatty acids may have benefit for affective symptoms
in both unipolar and bipolar depression, to date no randomized controlled trial had evaluated omega-3 as cognitive
enhancer for mood disorders, while a single published controlled trial suggested no therapeutic benefit for cognitive
improvement in SZ. Considering the pleiotropic mechanisms of action of omega-3 fatty acids, the design of well-designed
controlled trials of omega-3 supplementation as a novel, domain-specific, target for cognitive impairment in SZ and
affective disorders is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Viola Oertel-Knöchel
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Dept. of Psychiatry, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy; Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, Goethe-University, 60528 Frankfurt
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Belkouch M, Hachem M, Elgot A, Lo Van A, Picq M, Guichardant M, Lagarde M, Bernoud-Hubac N. The pleiotropic effects of omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid on the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 38:1-11. [PMID: 27825512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Among omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is important for adequate brain development and cognition. DHA is highly concentrated in the brain and plays an essential role in brain functioning. DHA, one of the major constituents in fish fats, readily crosses the blood-brain barrier from blood to the brain. Its critical role was further supported by its reduced levels in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. This agrees with a potential role of DHA in memory, learning and cognitive processes. Since there is yet no cure for dementia such as AD, there is growing interest in the role of DHA-supplemented diet in the prevention of AD pathogenesis. Accordingly, animal, epidemiological, preclinical and clinical studies indicated that DHA has neuroprotective effects in a number of neurodegenerative conditions including AD. The beneficial effects of this key omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may depend on the stage of disease progression, other dietary mediators and the apolipoprotein ApoE genotype. Herein, our review investigates, from animal and cell culture studies, the molecular mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective potential of DHA with emphasis on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Belkouch
- Université de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1060, UMR INRA 1397, IMBL/INSA-Lyon, Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition Laboratory, Bât Louis Pasteur, INSA, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Mayssa Hachem
- Université de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1060, UMR INRA 1397, IMBL/INSA-Lyon, Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition Laboratory, Bât Louis Pasteur, INSA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Abdeljalil Elgot
- Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de la Santé, Unité des Sciences Biomédicales, Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Hassan 1er, Settat, Morocco
| | - Amanda Lo Van
- Université de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1060, UMR INRA 1397, IMBL/INSA-Lyon, Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition Laboratory, Bât Louis Pasteur, INSA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Madeleine Picq
- Université de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1060, UMR INRA 1397, IMBL/INSA-Lyon, Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition Laboratory, Bât Louis Pasteur, INSA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michel Guichardant
- Université de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1060, UMR INRA 1397, IMBL/INSA-Lyon, Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition Laboratory, Bât Louis Pasteur, INSA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michel Lagarde
- Université de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1060, UMR INRA 1397, IMBL/INSA-Lyon, Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition Laboratory, Bât Louis Pasteur, INSA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nathalie Bernoud-Hubac
- Université de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1060, UMR INRA 1397, IMBL/INSA-Lyon, Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition Laboratory, Bât Louis Pasteur, INSA, Villeurbanne, France
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Abstract
Animal experiments and cross-sectional or prospective longitudinal research in human subjects suggest a role for nutrition in cognitive ageing. However, data from randomised controlled trials (RCT) that seek causal evidence for the impact of nutrients on cognitive ageing in humans often produce null results. Given that RCT test hypotheses in a rigorous fashion, one conclusion could be that the positive effects of nutrition on the aged brain observed in other study designs are spurious. On the other hand, it may be that the design of many clinical trials conducted thus far has been less than optimal. In the present review, we offer a blueprint for a more targeted approach to the design of RCT in nutrition, cognition and brain health in ageing that focuses on three key areas. First, the role of nutrition is more suited for the maintenance of health rather than the treatment of disease. Second, given that cognitive functions and brain regions vary in their susceptibility to ageing, those that especially deteriorate in senescence should be focal points in evaluating the efficacy of an intervention. Third, the outcome measures that assess change due to nutrition, especially in the cognitive domain, should not necessarily be the same neuropsychological tests used to assess gross brain damage or major pathological conditions. By addressing these three areas, we expect that clinical trials of nutrition, cognition and brain health in ageing will align more closely with other research in this field, and aid in revealing the true nature of nutrition's impact on the aged brain.
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Long-Term Dietary Alpha-Linolenic Acid Supplement Alleviates Cognitive Impairment Correlate with Activating Hippocampal CREB Signaling in Natural Aging Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4772-86. [PMID: 26328539 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a major precursor of the essential n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), whose deficiency alters the structure and function of membranes and induces cerebral dysfunctions. The major purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of prolonged ALA intake on cognitive function during natural aging. Female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6 months were chronically treated with ALA and/or lard per day for 12 months. Regular diet-treated rats, both young and old (4 and 18 months old, respectively) served as controls. Rats fed on regular diet during aging showed memory deficits in Morris water maze, which were further exacerbated by lard intake. However, supplementation with ALA for 12 months dose-dependently improved the performance in spatial working memory tasks. Memory performance correlated well with the activation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and increases in both levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its specific receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Further study identified that hippocampal extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and Akt rather than calcium calmodulin kinase IV (CaMKIV) and protein kinase A (PKA), the upstream signalings of CREB, were also activated by ALA supplement. Moreover, memory improvement was accompanied with alterations of hippocampal synaptic structure and number, suggestive of enhancement in synaptic plasticity. Together, these results suggest that long-term dietary intake of ALA enhances CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway through the activation of ERK and Akt signalings in hippocampus, which contributes to its ameliorative effects on cognitive deficits in natural aging.
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Thomas J, Garg ML, Smith DW. Effects of dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on hippocampal gene expression in streptozotocin induced diabetic C57Bl/6 mice. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Rathod RS, Khaire AA, Kale AA, Joshi SR. Beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin B12 supplementation on brain docosahexaenoic acid, brain derived neurotrophic factor, and cognitive performance in the second-generation Wistar rats. Biofactors 2015; 41:261-72. [PMID: 26249019 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vegetarian population, vitamin B12 deficiency coexists with suboptimal levels of omega-3 fatty acids. Studies indicate a need for supplementation/fortification of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids to reduce the risk of brain disorders. We have described the effects of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on brain development in F1 generation animals. The current study investigates the effects of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on brain function and cognition. Pregnant Wistar rats were assigned the following groups: control, vitamin B12 deficient (BD), vitamin B12 deficient + omega-3 fatty acid (BDO), vitamin B12 supplemented (BS), vitamin B12 supplemented + omega-3 fatty acid (BSO). The same diets were continued for two generations. BDO group showed higher (P < 0.05) levels of BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) in the cortex and hippocampus as compared with the BD group. The cognitive performance was also normalized in this group. BS showed comparable levels of DHA, BDNF (protein and mRNA), and CREB mRNA (cAMP response element-binding protein) to that of control group while Tropomyosin receptor kinase mRNA levels were higher. The combined vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation further enhanced the levels of DHA (P < 0.05) and BDNF (P < 0.05) in the hippocampus and CREB mRNA (P < 0.01) in the cortex as compared with BS group. The cognitive performance of these animals was higher (P < 0.05) as compared with BS group. Our data indicates the beneficial effects of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation across two generations on brain development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa S Rathod
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Amrita A Khaire
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Anvita A Kale
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
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Layé S, Madore C, St-Amour I, Delpech JC, Joffre C, Nadjar A, Calon F. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and neuroinflammation in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3233/nua-150049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Layé
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- OptiNutriBrain International associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Charlotte Madore
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle St-Amour
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Delpech
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Corinne Joffre
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- OptiNutriBrain International associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Agnès Nadjar
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- OptiNutriBrain International associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
- OptiNutriBrain International associated Laboratory (NutriNeuro France-INAF Canada)
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Docosahexaenoic acid and adult memory: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120391. [PMID: 25786262 PMCID: PMC4364972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Subjective memory complaints are common with aging. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n-3) is a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) and an integral part of neural membrane phospholipids that impacts brain structure and function. Past research demonstrates a positive association between DHA plasma status/dietary intake and cognitive function. Objectives The current meta-analysis was designed to determine the effect of DHA intake, alone or combined with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 n-3), on specific memory domains: episodic, working, and semantic in healthy adults aged 18 years and older. A secondary objective was to systematically review/summarize the related observational epidemiologic literature. Methods A systematic literature search of clinical trials and observational studies that examined the relationship between n-3 LCPUFA on memory outcomes in healthy adults was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Studies of subjects free of neurologic disease at baseline, with or without mild memory complaints (MMC), were included. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to generate weighted group mean differences, standardized weighted group mean differences (Hedge’s g), z-scores, and p-values for heterogeneity comparing DHA/EPA to a placebo. A priori sub-group analyses were conducted to evaluate the effect of age at enrollment, dose level, and memory type tested. Results Episodic memory outcomes of adults with MMC were significantly (P<.004) improved with DHA/EPA supplementation. Regardless of cognitive status at baseline, > 1 g/day DHA/EPA improved episodic memory (P<.04). Semantic and working memory changes from baseline were significant with DHA but no between group differences were detected. Observational studies support a beneficial association between intake/blood levels of DHA/EPA and memory function in older adults. Conclusion DHA, alone or combined with EPA, contributes to improved memory function in older adults with mild memory complaints.
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Morley JE. New Horizons in the Management of Alzheimer Disease. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2015; 16:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Afshordel S, Hagl S, Werner D, Röhner N, Kögel D, Bazan NG, Eckert GP. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve mitochondrial dysfunction in brain aging--impact of Bcl-2 and NPD-1 like metabolites. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 92:23-31. [PMID: 24972878 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of orally administered long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on mitochondrial function and processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in brains of young (3 months old) and aged (24 months old) NMRI-mice. Neuroprotective properties of fish oil (FO) (1.6 ml/kg p.o.) were assessed ex vivo after 21 days in dissociated brain cells (DBC) and isolated mitochondria. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were significantly lower in blood and brains of aged mice which were compensated by FO administration. Isolated DBC and mitochondria from aged mice showed significantly lower adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and reduced activity of complexes I+II and IV of the mitochondrial respiration system, respectively. FO restored the age-related decrease in respiration and improved ATP production. Moreover, FO increased the levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Cell membrane fractions isolated from the brain of aged mice exhibited lower membrane fluidity, which was partially improved under FO treatment. In comparison to young animals, levels of neuroprotective sAPPα were significantly lower in the brain of aged mice. However, levels of sAPPα, Aβ and C-terminal APP fragments (CTF) were largely unchanged after FO treatment in aged mice. Neuroprotectin D-1 (NPD-1) represents a neuroprotective compound that is derived from unesterified DHA. Levels of NPD1-like metabolites (NPD1-like) and of unesterified DHA were significantly increased in brains of aged mice. FO treatment further strongly increased NPD1-like levels indicating an accelerated conversion rate of free DHA to NPD1-like. Our findings provide new mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective actions of omega-3 PUFA and identified FO as a promising nutraceutical to delay age-related mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Afshordel
- Department of Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hagl
- Department of Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Deborah Werner
- Department of Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nelli Röhner
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Hospital, Neuroscience Center, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Hospital, Neuroscience Center, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- LSU Neuroscience Center And Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Department of Pharmacology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Lee HJ, Han J, Jang Y, Kim SJ, Park JH, Seo KS, Jeong S, Shin S, Lim K, Heo JY, Kweon GR. Docosahexaenoic acid prevents paraquat-induced reactive oxygen species production in dopaminergic neurons via enhancement of glutathione homeostasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 457:95-100. [PMID: 25545062 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels are reduced in the substantia nigra area in Parkinson's disease patients and animal models, implicating docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as a potential treatment for preventing Parkinson's disease and suggesting the need for investigations into how DHA might protect against neurotoxin-induced dopaminergic neuron loss. The herbicide paraquat (PQ) induces dopaminergic neuron loss through the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that treatment of dopaminergic SN4741 cells with PQ reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, but pretreatment with DHA ameliorated the toxic effect of PQ. To determine the toxic mechanism of PQ, we measured intracellular ROS content in different organelles with specific dyes. As expected, all types of ROS were increased by PQ treatment, but DHA pretreatment selectively decreased cytosolic hydrogen peroxide content. Furthermore, DHA treatment-induced increases in glutathione reductase and glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLm) mRNA expression were positively correlated with glutathione (GSH) content. Consistent with this increase in GCLm mRNA levels, Western blot analysis revealed that DHA pretreatment increased nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein levels. These findings indicate that DHA prevents PQ-induced neuronal cell loss by enhancing Nrf2-regulated GSH homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Jun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsu Han
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseon Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Sik Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Heo
- Brainscience Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gi Ryang Kweon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Grundy T, Toben C, Jaehne EJ, Corrigan F, Baune BT. Long-term omega-3 supplementation modulates behavior, hippocampal fatty acid concentration, neuronal progenitor proliferation and central TNF-α expression in 7 month old unchallenged mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:399. [PMID: 25484856 PMCID: PMC4240169 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) manipulation is being investigated as a potential therapeutic supplement to reduce the risk of developing age-related cognitive decline (ARCD). Animal studies suggest that high omega (Ω)-3 and low Ω-6 dietary content reduces cognitive decline by decreasing central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and modifying neuroimmune activity. However, no previous studies have investigated the long term effects of Ω-3 and Ω-6 dietary levels in healthy aging mice leaving the important question about the preventive effects of Ω-3 and Ω-6 on behavior and underlying molecular pathways unaddressed. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of long-term Ω-3 and Ω-6 PUFA dietary supplementation in mature adult C57BL/6 mice. We measured the effect of low, medium, and high Ω-3:Ω-6 dietary ratio, given from the age of 3–7 months, on anxiety and cognition-like behavior, hippocampal tissue expression of TNF-α, markers of neuronal progenitor proliferation and gliogenesis and serum cytokine concentration. Our results show that a higher Ω-3:Ω-6 PUFA diet ratio increased hippocampal PUFA, increased anxiety, improved hippocampal dependent spatial memory and reduced hippocampal TNF-α levels compared to a low Ω-3:Ω-6 diet. Furthermore, serum TNF-α concentration was reduced in the higher Ω-3:Ω-6 PUFA ratio supplementation group while expression of the neuronal progenitor proliferation markers KI67 and doublecortin (DCX) was increased in the dentate gyrus as opposed to the low Ω-3:Ω-6 group. Conversely, Ω-3:Ω-6 dietary PUFA ratio had no significant effect on astrocyte or microglia number or cell death in the dentate gyrus. These results suggest that supplementation of PUFAs may delay aging effects on cognitive function in unchallenged mature adult C57BL/6 mice. This effect is possibly induced by increasing neuronal progenitor proliferation and reducing TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent Grundy
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia ; School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine Toben
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Emily J Jaehne
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Frances Corrigan
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Schwartz DH, Dickie E, Pangelinan MM, Leonard G, Perron M, Pike GB, Richer L, Veillette S, Pausova Z, Paus T. Adiposity is associated with structural properties of the adolescent brain. Neuroimage 2014; 103:192-201. [PMID: 25255944 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a major risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, is associated with variations in a number of structural properties in the adult brain, as assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, we investigated the cross-sectional relationship between visceral fat (VF), total body fat (TBF) and three MRI parameters in the brains of typically developing adolescents: (i) T1-weighted (T1W) signal intensity; (ii) T1W signal contrast between white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM); and (iii) magnetization transfer ratio (MTR). In a community-based sample of 970 adolescents (12-18 years old, 466 males), VF was quantified using MRI, and total body fat was measured using a multifrequency bioimpedance. T1W images of the brain were used to determine signal intensity in lobar GM and WM, as well as WM:GM signal contrast. A magnetization transfer (MT) sequence of MT(ON) and MT(OFF) was used to obtain MTR in GM and WM. We found that both larger volumes of VF and more TBF were independently associated with higher signal intensity in WM and higher WM:GM signal contrast, as well as higher MTR in both GM and WM. These relationships were independent of a number of potential confounders, including age, sex, puberty stage, household income and height. Our results suggest that both visceral fat and fat deposited elsewhere in the body are associated independently with structural properties of the adolescent brain. We speculate that these relationships suggest the presence of adiposity-related variations in phospholipid composition of brain lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah H Schwartz
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Erin Dickie
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Gabriel Leonard
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - G Bruce Pike
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Suzanne Veillette
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Canada; ÉCOBES, Recherche et transfert, Cégep de Jonquière, Jonquière, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Cutuli D, De Bartolo P, Caporali P, Laricchiuta D, Foti F, Ronci M, Rossi C, Neri C, Spalletta G, Caltagirone C, Farioli-Vecchioli S, Petrosini L. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation enhances hippocampal functionality in aged mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:220. [PMID: 25202271 PMCID: PMC4142709 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As major components of neuronal membranes, omega-3 polyunsaturated acids (n-3 PUFA) exhibit a wide range of regulatory functions, modulating from synaptic plasticity to neuroinflammation, from oxidative stress to neuroprotection. Recent human and animal studies indicated the n-3 PUFA neuroprotective properties in aging, with a clear negative correlation between n-3 PUFA levels and hippocampal deficits. The present multidimensional study was aimed at associating cognition, hippocampal neurogenesis, volume, neurodegeneration and metabolic correlates to verify n-3 PUFA neuroprotective effects in aging. To this aim 19 month-old mice were given n-3 PUFA mixture, or olive oil or no dietary supplement for 8 weeks during which hippocampal-dependent mnesic functions were tested. At the end of behavioral testing morphological and metabolic correlates were analyzed. n-3 PUFA supplemented aged mice exhibited better object recognition memory, spatial and localizatory memory, and aversive response retention, without modifications in anxiety levels in comparison to controls. These improved hippocampal cognitive functions occurred in the context of an enhanced cellular plasticity and a reduced neurodegeneration. In fact, n-3 PUFA supplementation increased hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic arborization of newborn neurons, volume, neuronal density and microglial cell number, while it decreased apoptosis, astrocytosis and lipofuscin accumulation in the hippocampus. The increased levels of some metabolic correlates (blood Acetyl-L-Carnitine and brain n-3 PUFA concentrations) found in n-3 PUFA supplemented mice also pointed toward an effective neuroprotection. On the basis of the present results n-3 PUFA supplementation appears to be a useful tool in health promotion and cognitive decline prevention during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Cutuli
- Department of Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome Rome, Italy ; Lab of Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Paola De Bartolo
- Department of Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome Rome, Italy ; Lab of Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Caporali
- Department of Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome Rome, Italy ; Lab of Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Laricchiuta
- Department of Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome Rome, Italy ; Lab of Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Foti
- Department of Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome Rome, Italy ; Lab of Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti, Pescara, Italy ; Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment, Mawson Institute, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Claudia Rossi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti, Pescara, Italy
| | - Cristina Neri
- Lab of Proteomic and metabonomic, Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy ; Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University Tor Vergata of Rome Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Lab of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy ; Department of Neuroscience, University Tor Vergata of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Farioli-Vecchioli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrosini
- Department of Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome Rome, Italy ; Lab of Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology, Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
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