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Gadoth A, Ourfalian K, Basnet S, Kunzweiler C, Bohn RL, Fülöp T, Diaz-Decaro J. Potential relationship between cytomegalovirus and immunosenescence: Evidence from observational studies. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2560. [PMID: 38866595 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Immunosenescence (IS) occurs as a natural outcome of ageing and may be described as a decline in immune system flexibility and adaptability to sufficiently respond to new, foreign antigens. Potential factors that may precipitate IS include persistent herpesvirus infections, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV). Here, we conducted a review of the literature evaluating the potential association between CMV and IS. Twenty-seven epidemiologic studies that included direct comparisons between CMV-seropositive and CMV-seronegative immunocompetent individuals were analysed. The majority of these studies (n = 20) were conducted in European populations. The strength of evidence supporting a relationship between CMV, and various IS-associated immunologic endpoints was assessed. T-cell population restructuring was the most prominently studied endpoint, described in 21 studies, most of which reported a relationship between CMV and reduced CD4:CD8 T-cell ratio or modified CD8+ T-cell levels. Telomere length (n = 4) and inflammageing (n = 3) were less frequently described in the primary literature, and the association of these endpoints with CMV and IS was less pronounced. An emergent trend from our review is the potential effect modification of the CMV-IS relationship with both sex and age, indicating the importance of considering various effector variables when evaluating associations between CMV and IS. Our analysis revealed plausible mechanisms that may underlie the larger epidemiologic trends seen in the literature that support the indirect effect of CMV on IS. Future studies are needed to clarify CMV-associated and IS-associated immunologic endpoints, as well as in more diverse global and immunocompromised populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tamas Fülöp
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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2
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Watanabe M, Davidson L, Smith P, Castellucio PF, Jergovic M, Uhrlaub JL, Smithey MJ, Fantry LE, Dechambre B, Wilson RC, Knox KC, Ren J, Stowe RP, Weinstock G, Twigg H, Nikolich JŽ. Anti-cytomegalovirus antibody levels stratify human immune profiles across the lifespan. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01124-0. [PMID: 38512581 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) is a ubiquitous latent persistent herpesvirus infecting 60-90% of the population worldwide. hCMV carriage in immunocompetent people is asymptomatic; thus, hCMV can be considered a component of normative aging. However, hCMV powerfully modulates many features of the immune, and likely other, systems and organs. Questions remain as to how hCMV carriage affects the human host. We used anti-CMV antibody titers as a stratifying criterion to examine the impact of "intensity" of hCMV infection as a potential biomarker of aging, inflammation, and immune homeostasis in a cohort of 247 participants stratified into younger (21-40 years) and older (> 65 years of age) groups. We showed that anti-CMV antibody titers increased with age and directly correlated to increased levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor (sTNFR) I in younger but not older participants. CD8 + cell numbers were reduced in the older group due to the loss in CD8 + T naïve (Tn) cells. In CMV carriers and, in particular, in anti-CMV Ab-high participants, this loss was mitigated or reversed by an increase in the numbers of CD8 + T effector memory (Tem) and T effector memory reexpressing CD45RA (Temra) cells. Analysis of CD38, HLA-DR, and CD57 expression revealed subset (CD4 or CD8)-specific changes that correlated with anti-CMV Ab levels. In addition, anti-CMV Ab levels predicted anti-CMV CD8 T cell responsiveness to different CMV open reading frames (ORFs) selectively in older participants, which correlated to the transcriptional order of expression of specific CMV ORFs. Implications of these results for the potential predictive value of anti-CMV Ab titers during aging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Watanabe
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Center On Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, P.O. Box 245221, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Lisa Davidson
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Center On Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, P.O. Box 245221, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Patricia Smith
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University College of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Peter F Castellucio
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mladen Jergovic
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Center On Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, P.O. Box 245221, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Jennifer L Uhrlaub
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Center On Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, P.O. Box 245221, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Megan J Smithey
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Center On Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, P.O. Box 245221, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Lori E Fantry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Brett Dechambre
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rachel C Wilson
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University College of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Kenneth C Knox
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Homer Twigg
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Janko Ž Nikolich
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Arizona Center On Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, P.O. Box 245221, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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3
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Poloni C, Szyf M, Cheishvili D, Tsoukas CM. Are the Healthy Vulnerable? Cytomegalovirus Seropositivity in Healthy Adults Is Associated With Accelerated Epigenetic Age and Immune Dysregulation. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:443-452. [PMID: 34255838 PMCID: PMC8344607 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluating age as a risk factor for susceptibility to infectious diseases, particularly coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is critical. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) serologic prevalence increases with age and associates with inflammatory-mediated diseases in the elderly. However, little is known regarding the subclinical impact of CMV and risk it poses to healthy older adults. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic we conducted a study to determine the association of CMV to biologic age and immune dysregulation. METHODS Community-dwelling, healthy adults older than 60 years were evaluated using DNA methylation assays to define epigenetic age (EpiAge) and T-cell immunophenotyping to assess immune dysregulation. RESULTS All subjects were healthy and asymptomatic. Those CMV seropositive had more lymphocytes, CD8 T cells, CD28- T cells, decreased CD4:CD8 cell ratios, and had higher average EpiAge (65.34 years) than those CMV seronegative (59.53 years). Decreased percent CD4 (P = .003) and numbers of CD4 T cells (P = .0199) correlated with increased EpiAge. CONCLUSIONS Our novel findings distinguish altered immunity in the elderly based on CMV status. Chronic CMV infection in healthy, older adults is associated with indicators of immune dysregulation, both of which correlate to differences in EpiAge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Poloni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Christos M Tsoukas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Tylutka A, Morawin B, Gramacki A, Zembron-Lacny A. Pre-Existing Hypertension Is Related with Disproportions in T-Lymphocytes in Older Age. J Clin Med 2022; 11:291. [PMID: 35053985 PMCID: PMC8780569 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related immune deficiencies increase the risk of comorbidities and mortality. This study evaluated immunosenescence patterns by flow cytometry of naïve and memory T cell subpopulations and the immune risk profile (IRP), expressed as the CD4/CD8 ratio and IgG CMV related to comorbidities. The disproportions in naïve and memory T cells, as well as in the CD4/CD8 ratio, were analysed in 99 elderly individuals (71.9 ± 5.8 years) diagnosed with hypertension (n = 51) or without hypertension (n = 48), using an eight-parameter flow cytometer. The percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes was significantly higher in hypertensive than other individuals independently from CMV infections, with approximately 34% having CD4/CD8 > 2.5, and only 4% of the elderly with hypertension having CD4/CD8 < 1. The elderly with a normal BMI demonstrated the CD4/CD8 ratio ≥ 1 or ≤ 2.5, while overweight and obese participants showed a tendency to an inverted CD4/CD8 ratio. CD4/CD8 ratio increased gradually with age and reached the highest values in participants aged >75 years. The decline in CD4+ naïve T lymphocytes was more prominent in IgG CMV+ men when compared to IgG CMV+ women. The changes in naïve and memory T lymphocyte population, CD4/CD8, and CMV seropositivity included in IRP are important markers of health status in the elderly that are dependent on hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tylutka
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland; (A.T.); (B.M.)
| | - Barbara Morawin
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland; (A.T.); (B.M.)
| | - Artur Gramacki
- Faculty of Computer, Electrical and Control Engineering, Institute of Control and Computation Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Zembron-Lacny
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland; (A.T.); (B.M.)
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5
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Rea IM, Alexander HD. Triple jeopardy in ageing: COVID-19, co-morbidities and inflamm-ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 73:101494. [PMID: 34688926 PMCID: PMC8530779 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Covid-19 endangers lives, has disrupted normal life, changed the way medicine is practised and is likely to alter our world for the foreseeable future. Almost two years on since the presumptive first diagnosis of COVID-19 in China, more than two hundred and fifty million cases have been confirmed and more than five million people have died globally, with the figures rising daily. One of the most striking aspects of COVID-19 illness is the marked difference in individuals' experiences of the disease. Some, most often younger groups, are asymptomatic, whereas others become severely ill with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia or proceed to fatal organ disease. The highest death rates are in the older and oldest age groups and in people with co-morbidities such as diabetes, heart disease and obesity. Three major questions seem important to consider. What do we understand about changes in the immune system that might contribute to the older person's risk of developing severe COVID-19? What factors contribute to the higher morbidity and mortality in older people with COVID-19? How could immunocompetence in the older and the frailest individuals and populations be supported and enhanced to give protection from serious COVID-19 illness?
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maeve Rea
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom; Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom; Meadowlands Ambulatory Care Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom.
| | - H Denis Alexander
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
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6
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De Zuani M, Lazničková P, Tomašková V, Dvončová M, Forte G, Stokin GB, Šrámek V, Helán M, Frič J. High CD4-to-CD8 ratio identifies an at-risk population susceptible to lethal COVID-19. Scand J Immunol 2021; 95:e13125. [PMID: 34861051 PMCID: PMC9286348 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Around half of people with severe COVID-19 requiring intensive care unit (ICU) treatment will survive, but it is unclear how the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 differs between ICU patients that recover and those that do not. We conducted whole-blood immunophenotyping of COVID-19 patients upon admission to ICU and during their treatment and uncovered marked differences in their circulating immune cell subsets. At admission, patients who later succumbed to COVID-19 had significantly lower frequencies of all memory CD8+ T cell subsets, resulting in increased CD4-to-CD8 T cell and neutrophil-to-CD8 T cell ratios. ROC and Kaplan-Meier analyses demonstrated that both CD4-to-CD8 and neutrophil-to-CD8 ratios at admission were strong predictors of in-ICU mortality. Therefore, we propose the use of the CD4-to-CD8 T cell ratio as a marker for the early identification of those individuals likely to require enhanced monitoring and/or pro-active intervention in ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Zuani
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Lazničková
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Tomašková
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Dvončová
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gorazd Bernard Stokin
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Celica BIOMEDICAL, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vladimir Šrámek
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Helán
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Frič
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
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7
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Thyagarajan B, Faul J, Vivek S, Kim JK, Nikolich-Žugich J, Weir D, Crimmins EM. Age-related differences in T cell subsets in a nationally representative sample of people over age 55: Findings from the Health and Retirement Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:927-933. [PMID: 34633448 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Though T cell immunosenescence is a major risk factor for age-related diseases, susceptibility to infections, and responses to vaccines, differences in T cells subset counts and representation by age and sex have not been determined for a large sample representative of the national population of the US. We evaluated the counts of T cell subsets including total, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and their naïve (Tn), effector memory (Tem) and effector subsets, in the context of age, sex and exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection among 8,848 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants, a nationally representative study of adults over 55 years. Total T cells (CD3+) and CD4+ cells declined markedly with age; CD8+ T cells declined somewhat less. While CD4+ T cell declines with age occurred for both CMV seropositive and CMV seronegative groups, total T cells and CD8+ cells were both substantially higher among the CMV seropositive group. Numbers of Tn CD4+ and CD8+ cells were strongly and inversely related to age, were better conserved among women, and were independent of CMV seropositivity. By contrast, accumulation of the CD8+ and CD4+ Tem and effector subsets was CMV-associated. This is the first study to provide counts of T cell subsets by age and sex in a national sample of older US adults over the age of 55 years. Understanding T cell changes with age and sex is an important first step in determining strategies to reduce its impact on age-related diseases and susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN
| | - Jessica Faul
- Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sithara Vivek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN
| | - Jung Ki Kim
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Janko Nikolich-Žugich
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ
| | - David Weir
- Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Eileen M Crimmins
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Impact of Cytomegalovirus Infection and Genetic Background on the Frequencies of Peripheral Blood Suppressor Cells in Human Twins. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10080963. [PMID: 34451427 PMCID: PMC8399020 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequencies and proportions of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in peripheral blood may be informative biomarkers for certain disease states. The influence of genetics and lifetime pathogen exposures on Treg and MDSC frequencies is largely unexplored. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) establishes a latent infection and causes an accumulation of late-differentiated CD8+ memory T cells, commonly associated with a lower frequency of naive cells. Here, analyzing peripheral blood mononuclear cells by multicolor flow cytometry, we found a tendency towards lower frequencies of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs in CMV-seropositive than -seronegative middle-aged individuals (p = 0.054), whereas frequencies of lineage-negative CD14+HLA-DR-MDSCs were significantly lower in CMV-seropositive participants (p = 0.005). Assessing associations with the presence of antibodies against different CMV structural proteins, rather than merely assigning seropositivity or seronegativity, failed to yield any closer associations. Examining Treg subsets revealed at most a minor role of the individual’s genetic background, based on an analysis of monozygotic (MZ, n = 42) versus dizygotic (DZ, n = 39) twin pairs from the Danish Twin Registry. The same was true for MDSCs. These initial results suggest that an immunological history of exposures is more important than genetics in determining overall human suppressor cell levels.
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9
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Goldeck D, Adriaensen W, Oettinger L, Vaes B, van Pottelbergh G, Degryse JM, Hamprecht K, Matheï C, Pawelec G. Cellular Immune Phenotypes and Worsening Scores of Frailty-Associated Parameters Over an 18-Month Period in the Very Old. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1356-1361. [PMID: 33780527 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty has been related to inflammaging and certain immune parameters. In previous analyses of participants older than 80 years of age in the longitudinal BELFRAIL cohort study, the main focus was on T-cell phenotypes and the association with cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus and survival, finding that a CD4:CD8 ratio greater than 5 was associated with frailty, impaired activities of daily living (ADLs), and mortality (but only in women). Here, we phenotyped peripheral blood immune cells via multicolor flow cytometry and correlated these with the dynamics of changes in ADL, geriatric depression score, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Short Physical Performance Battery from baseline values over 18 months follow-up. We found that higher frequencies of B cells and late-differentiated CD8+ T cells at 18 months from baseline were associated with ADL impairment that had worsened over the preceding 18 months. There were no significant associations with monocyte, dendritic cell, or natural killer (NK) cell phenotypes. No associations with the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Mini-Mental State Examination, or the Short Physical Performance Battery were found. Thus, while these results do not establish causality, they suggest that certain adaptive immune, but not innate immune, parameters are associated with a worsened ADL in the very old.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wim Adriaensen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lilly Oettinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section for Dementia Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bert Vaes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (KUL), Belgium
| | | | | | - Klaus Hamprecht
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Disease, University Hospital, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Catharina Matheï
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (KUL), Belgium
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Germany.,Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Tylutka A, Morawin B, Gramacki A, Zembron-Lacny A. Lifestyle exercise attenuates immunosenescence; flow cytometry analysis. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:200. [PMID: 33752623 PMCID: PMC7986285 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interaction of physical activity and overall immune profile is very complex and depends on the intensity, duration and frequency of undertaken physical activity, the exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and the age-related changes in the immune system. Daily physical activity, which particularly influences immunity, declines dramatically with age. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explain whether physical activity sustained throughout life can attenuate or reverse immunosenescence. Methods Ninety-nine older adults (60–90 years) were recruited for the study. According to the 6-min walk test (6WMT), the Åstrand-Ryhming bike test (VO2max) and Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire, the individuals were classified as physically active (n = 34) and inactive (n = 20) groups. The analysis of T lymphocytes between active vs. inactive participants was performed using eight-parameter flow cytometry. Results Analysis of the baseline peripheral naïve and memory T lymphocytes showed a significant relationship of lifestyle exercise with the CD4/CD8 ratio. Above 50% of physically active participants demonstrated the CD4/CD8 ratio ≥ 1 or ≤ 2.5 contrary to the inactive group who showed the ratio < 1. The older adults with the result of 6WMT > 1.3 m/s and VO2max > 35 mL/kg/min had a significantly higher CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocyte percentage and also a higher ratio of CD4+CD45RA+/CD4+CD45RO+. Interestingly, in active older adults with IgG CMV+ (n = 30) the count of CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocytes was higher than in the inactive group with IgG CMV+ (n = 20). Conclusion Based on the flow cytometry analysis, we concluded that lifestyle exercise could lead to rejuvenation of the immune system by increasing the percentage of naïve T lymphocytes or by reducing the tendency of the inverse CD4/CD8 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tylutka
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Str., 65-046, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Barbara Morawin
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Str., 65-046, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Artur Gramacki
- Faculty of Computer, Electrical and Control Engineering, Institute of Control and Computation Engineering University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zembron-Lacny
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Str., 65-046, Zielona Gora, Poland.
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11
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Elyahu Y, Monsonego A. Thymus involution sets the clock of the aging T-cell landscape: Implications for declined immunity and tissue repair. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 65:101231. [PMID: 33248315 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is generally characterized as a gradual increase in tissue damage, which is associated with senescence and chronic systemic inflammation and is evident in a variety of age-related diseases. The extent to which such tissue damage is a result of a gradual decline in immune regulation, which consequently compromises the capacity of the body to repair damages, has not been fully explored. Whereas CD4 T lymphocytes play a critical role in the orchestration of immunity, thymus involution initiates gradual changes in the CD4 T-cell landscape, which may significantly compromise tissue repair. In this review, we describe the lifespan accumulation of specific dysregulated CD4 T-cell subsets and their coevolution with systemic inflammation in the process of declined immunity and tissue repair capacity with age. Then, we discuss the process of thymus involution-which appears to be most pronounced around puberty-as a possible driver of the aging T-cell landscape. Finally, we identify individualized T cell-based early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehezqel Elyahu
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Zlotowski Neuroscience Center and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Monsonego
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Zlotowski Neuroscience Center and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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12
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Barth E, Sieber P, Stark H, Schuster S. Robustness during Aging-Molecular Biological and Physiological Aspects. Cells 2020; 9:E1862. [PMID: 32784503 PMCID: PMC7465392 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the process of aging is still an important challenge to enable healthy aging and to prevent age-related diseases. Most studies in age research investigate the decline in organ functionality and gene activity with age. The focus on decline can even be considered a paradigm in that field. However, there are certain aspects that remain surprisingly stable and keep the organism robust. Here, we present and discuss various properties of robust behavior during human and animal aging, including physiological and molecular biological features, such as the hematocrit, body temperature, immunity against infectious diseases and others. We examine, in the context of robustness, the different theories of how aging occurs. We regard the role of aging in the light of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Barth
- RNA Bioinformatics/High Throughput Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Patricia Sieber
- Matthias Schleiden Institute, Bioinformatics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Heiko Stark
- Institute of Zoology and Evolutionary Research with Phyletic Museum, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Stefan Schuster
- Matthias Schleiden Institute, Bioinformatics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
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13
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Miles DJC, Shumba F, Pachnio A, Begum J, Corbett EL, Heyderman RS, Moss P. Early T Cell Differentiation with Well-Maintained Function across the Adult Life Course in Sub-Saharan Africa. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:1160-1171. [PMID: 31358657 PMCID: PMC6778523 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune senescence is a significant contributor to health problems in the developed world and may be accelerated by chronic viral infections. To date, there have been few studies of immune function in healthy older people in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed T cell and B cell phenotypes and immune responses to CMV, EBV, and influenza virus in Malawians aged 20-69 y. Notably, the proportion of naive (CCR7+CD45RA+) CD4 and CD8 T cells was only 14% of the lymphoid repertoire even in donors aged under 30 y but did not decrease further with age. A small increase in the late differentiated (CD27-CD28-) CD8 T cell subpopulation was observed in older donors but the CD4/CD8 T cell ratio remained stable in all age groups. Interestingly, the regulatory (CD25hiFOXP3hi) T cell subpopulation was small in all age groups, and we observed no age-associated accumulation of cells expressing the senescence- and exhaustion-associated markers CD57 and PD-1. We assessed functional T cell responses to mitogenic and viral antigenic stimulation by the expression of CD154, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-17 and proliferation. All responses were robust across the life course, although we observed an age-associated shift from IFN-γ to TNF-α in the response to EBV. In summary, we found the naive T cell subpopulation of young adult Malawians was smaller than in their contemporaries in high-income settings but remains stable thereafter and that lymphocyte function is retained across the life course. These observations indicate that studies of the genetic and environmental factors influencing immune function in different environments may provide insights into minimizing immune ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J C Miles
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi; and
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Florence Shumba
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi; and
| | - Annette Pachnio
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jusnara Begum
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth L Corbett
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi; and
| | - Robert S Heyderman
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi; and
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
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14
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Araújo Carvalho AC, Tavares Mendes ML, Santos VS, Tanajura DM, Prado Nunes MA, Martins-Filho PRS. Association between human herpes virus seropositivity and frailty in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 48:145-152. [PMID: 30391341 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is an emerging geriatric syndrome characterized by decreased physiologic reserve and increased vulnerability to environmental factors. Several studies have examined the association between persistent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and poor clinical outcomes in the elderly, but the results are often contradictory. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the association between human herpesvirus seropositivity [CMV, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Varicella zoster virus (VZV), and Herpes simplex virus (HSV)] and frailty in elderly people. Searches were performed in PubMed, SCOPUS, Lilacs, IBECS, and Web of Science databases. We used the odds ratio (OR) as a measure of the association between herpesvirus infections and frailty. Summary estimates were calculated using random-effects models. Six studies were included in the present systematic review. The data from 2559 elderly subjects were analyzed; 1571 of the subjects had ages between 60 and 79 years, and 988 of the subjects were older than 80. We found an association between CMV seropositivity and frailty in the elderly aged 60-79 years (OR 2.33, CI 95% 1.48-3.67) but not in the oldest-old subjects (OR 0.67, CI 95% 0.42-1.05). Moreover, no association was found between EBV, VZV, and HSV infections and frailty. Current evidence suggests an association between CMV seropositivity and frailty in individuals aged 60-79 years old.
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15
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Cao Dinh H, Bautmans I, Beyer I, Mets T, Onyema OO, Forti LN, Renmans W, Vander Meeren S, Jochmans K, Vermeiren S, Vella-Azzopardi R, Njemini R. Association Between Immunosenescence Phenotypes and Pre-frailty in Older Subjects: Does Cytomegalovirus Play a Role? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 74:480-488. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Cao Dinh
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Belgium
- Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Belgium
- Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Belgium
| | - Ingo Beyer
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Belgium
- Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Belgium
| | - Tony Mets
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Belgium
- Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Belgium
| | | | | | - Wim Renmans
- Laboratory of Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium
| | | | - Kristin Jochmans
- Laboratory of Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium
| | | | | | - Rose Njemini
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Belgium
- Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
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16
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Pawelec G. Immune signatures associated with mortality differ in elderly populations from different birth cohorts and countries even within northern Europe. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 177:182-185. [PMID: 29654793 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Since associations between lifespan and certain simple immune parameters such as T cell proliferative responses to mitogens were reported in the 1970´s, efforts to dissect out immune parameters correlating with morbidity and mortality have sought to define factors predicting individual longevity. Such "immune signatures" associating with defined clinical outcomes would represent biomarkers of "immunosenescence" that might also provide mechanistic insights into the ageing process. Because appropriate immune function is necessary for a healthy old age, a better understanding of immunosenescence contributing to frailty and death might allow interventions to improve personal and public health. Here, we discuss data from our studies in several different European countries and document significant differences between overtly similar populations. These findings draw attention to the marked variation even between presumably quite homogeneous populations, which may be due to the different birth cohorts studied in addition to numerous other variables. Thus, immunological parameters, and presumably many other factors, are sensitive to context-dependent variation, making it currently difficult to extrapolate biomarkers of longevity from any one human population to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Pawelec
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Health Sciences North Research Institute of Canada, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
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17
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Pawelec G. Immune parameters associated with mortality in the elderly are context-dependent: lessons from Sweden, Holland and Belgium. Biogerontology 2017; 19:537-545. [PMID: 29185165 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The pioneering Swedish OCTO/NONA-Immune longitudinal studies led by Anders Wikby in Jönköping in the 1990s established a cluster of simple baseline immune parameters associated with excess mortality in 85 year-old non-institutionalized individuals over 2, 4 and 6-year follow-up. We dubbed this cluster the "Immune Risk Profile" (IRP) consisting of poor proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to T cell mitogens, accumulations of CD8+ CD28- T-cells resulting in an inverted CD4:8 ratio, decreased amounts of B-cells, and seropositivity for Cytomegalovirus (CMV). The concept of the IRP has since been applied by others to many different populations in different circumstances and at different ages, but in general without specifically establishing whether the same risk factors were relevant in the tested subjects. However, our own later studies showed that risk factors in aged populations from The Netherlands and Belgium were markedly different, indicating that the IRP cannot simply be transferred between populations. Moreover, there was a striking sex difference in the Belgian study, which was the only one large enough to include sufficient numbers of old men. The reasons for these marked differences between populations which one might have assumed a priori to be quite similar to one another are not clear, and many candidates can be speculated upon, but the important lesson is that there is a marked context-dependency of immune biomarkers of ageing, suggesting that IRPs cannot be assumed to be identical in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Pawelec
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Health Sciences North Research Institute of Canada, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
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18
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Pawelec G. Age and immunity: What is "immunosenescence"? Exp Gerontol 2017; 105:4-9. [PMID: 29111233 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As is apparent from the many contributions to this Special Issue of the Journal, the impact of age on immunity is nefarious, with all manner of dysregulated responses attributed to "immunosenescence". These range from poorer responses to vaccination, lower capacity to mediate anti-cancer responses, more inflammation and tissue damage, along with autoimmunity and loss of control of persistent infections. Given the grave clinical implications of altered immune status in aged people, it is of paramount importance to understand the nature of and mechanisms responsible for "immunosenescence". As in any rapidly developing research area, certain paradigms establish themselves early on, by necessity based on earlier and fewer data, and have a disproportionate influence on how investigators think about the subject, especially investigators from other disciplines. It may therefore be appropriate to reconsider our basic knowledge at this juncture, asking exactly what do we mean by the term "immunosenescence"? This is attempted in this contribution to the Special Issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Pawelec
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada; The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK; Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London, UK.
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19
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Adriaensen W, Pawelec G, Vaes B, Hamprecht K, Derhovanessian E, van Pottelbergh G, Degryse JM, Matheï C. CD4:8 Ratio Above 5 Is Associated With All-Cause Mortality in CMV-Seronegative Very Old Women: Results From the BELFRAIL Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1155-1162. [PMID: 27927759 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and general applicability of the CD4:8 ratio as a surrogate predictor of mortality among the oldest old have only been tested in a few longitudinal studies. Here, the predictive value of CD4:8 ratio for mortality with respect to the role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was investigated. Using polychromatic flow cytometry, the CD4:8 ratio and T-cell subsets of 235 individuals aged 81.5 years or older were analyzed, and mortality data were collected after a mean period of 3.3 years. The hazard for all-cause mortality adjusted for age, comorbidity, and CMV serostatus increased 1.53-fold (95% CI: 0.94-2.51) with every increment in the CD4:8 ratio from R < 1, to 1 < R < 5 and R > 5 among women. A negative hazard ratio of 0.50 for CMV seropositivity in women indicated an apparently protective effect of this virus. In men, no associations with survival were observed. No mediation effect could be found for the CD4:8 ratio with respect to the relationship between CMV serostatus and mortality. Very elderly CMV-negative women with a R > 5 experienced the highest mortality rates, independent of age and comorbidity. The associations of CMV serostatus and CD4:8 ratio with mortality seem to reflect distinct pathways mediating life span in very old humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Adriaensen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Germany.,School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bert Vaes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Klaus Hamprecht
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Disease, University Hospital, Eberhard-Karls University, Tu¨bingen, Germany
| | - Evelyna Derhovanessian
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jean-Marie Degryse
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Jackson SE, Sedikides GX, Okecha G, Poole EL, Sinclair JH, Wills MR. Latent Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection Does Not Detrimentally Alter T Cell Responses in the Healthy Old, But Increased Latent CMV Carriage Is Related to Expanded CMV-Specific T Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:733. [PMID: 28694811 PMCID: PMC5483450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) primary infection and periodic reactivation of latent virus is generally well controlled by T-cell responses in healthy people. In older donors, overt HCMV disease is not generally seen despite the association of HCMV infection with increased risk of mortality. However, increases in HCMV DNA in urine of older people suggest that, although the immune response retains functionality, immunomodulation of the immune response due to lifelong viral carriage may alter its efficacy. Viral transcription is limited during latency to a handful of viral genes and there is both an IFNγ and cellular IL-10 CD4+ T-cell response to HCMV latency-associated proteins. Production of cIL-10 by HCMV-specific CD4+ T-cells is a candidate for aging-related immunomodulation. To address whether long-term carriage of HCMV changes the balance of cIL-10 and IFNγ-secreting T-cell populations, we recruited a large donor cohort aged 23–78 years and correlated T-cell responses to 11 HCMV proteins with age, HCMV IgG levels, latent HCMV load in CD14+ monocytes, and T-cell numbers in the blood. IFNγ responses by CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells to all HCMV proteins were detected, with no age-related increase in this cohort. IL-10-secreting CD4+ T cell responses were predominant to latency-associated proteins but did not increase with age. Quantification of HCMV genomes in CD14+ monocytes, a known site of latent HCMV carriage, did not reveal any increase in viral genome copies in older donors. Importantly, there was a significant positive correlation between the latent viral genome copy number and the breadth and magnitude of the IFNγ T-cell response to HCMV proteins. This study suggests in healthy aged donors that HCMV-specific changes in the T cell compartment were not affected by age and were effective, as viremia was a very rare event. Evidence from studies of unwell aged has shown HCMV to be an important comorbidity factor, surveillance of latent HCMV load and low-level viremia in blood and body fluids, alongside typical immunological measures and assessment of the antiviral capacity of the HCMV-specific immune cell function would be informative in determining if antiviral treatment of HCMV replication in the old maybe beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Jackson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - George X Sedikides
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Okecha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Poole
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John H Sinclair
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Wills
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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21
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Strindhall J, Löfgren S, Främsth C, Matussek A, Bengner M, Ernerudh J, Wikby A. CD4/CD8 ratio<1 is associated with lymphocyte subsets, CMV and gender in 71-year old individuals: 5-Year follow-up of the Swedish HEXA Immune Longitudinal Study. Exp Gerontol 2017; 95:82-87. [PMID: 28476585 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Strindhall
- School of Health and Welfare, Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, Jönköping University, Box 1026, SE-551 11 Jönköping, Sweden.
| | - Sture Löfgren
- Division of Medical Diagnostics, Ryhov County Hospital, SE-551 85 Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Caroline Främsth
- Division of Medical Diagnostics, Ryhov County Hospital, SE-551 85 Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Andreas Matussek
- Division of Medical Diagnostics, Ryhov County Hospital, SE-551 85 Jönköping, Sweden; Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Bengner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ryhov County Hospital, SE-551 85 Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Ernerudh
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Wikby
- School of Health and Welfare, Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, Jönköping University, Box 1026, SE-551 11 Jönköping, Sweden
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22
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Pawelec G. Are lower antibody responses to influenza vaccination in cytomegalovirus-seropositive older adults the result of beta adrenergic blockade? Brain Behav Immun 2017; 61:12-13. [PMID: 27865946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Pawelec
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada; The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
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23
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Theeten H, Mathei C, Peeters K, Ogunjimi B, Goossens H, Ieven M, Van Damme P, Cools N. Cellular Interferon Gamma and Granzyme B Responses to Cytomegalovirus-pp65 and Influenza N1 Are Positively Associated in Elderly. Viral Immunol 2016; 29:169-75. [PMID: 27002465 PMCID: PMC4827302 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2015.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality in the elderly are associated with viral infections, including influenza and cytomegalovirus (CMV). With increasing age, cellular immunity gains importance in protection to influenza, but latent CMV is highly prevalent and associated with immune dysfunction. An insight into the association between immunity against influenza and CMV adds to the understanding of healthy aging. Here we first aimed to measure influenza-specific cellular immunity using granzyme B (GrzB) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-ELISpot. Next, influenza-specific cellular immunity was associated with humoral and cellular CMV-specific immunity in healthy 65+ elderly. Vaccine trial participants gave additional blood samples 3 weeks after receiving a H1N1 containing vaccine. CMV serology was determined and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with influenza N1 or CMV pp65-derived peptide pools for 7 days and rechallenged to assess antigen-specific GgrzB and IFN-γ responses using ELISpot assays. Results were compared using chi-square and correlation analysis. Eighty-three individuals (60% men, 65% CMV IgG+, age range 65-78y) participated. We found significant positive associations between IFN-γ and GrzB responses to both influenza and CMV, but also between a positive CMV serostatus and an influenza N1-specific activation marker response (p = 0.013). CMV pp65 responses were detected in CMV IgG+ individuals, but remarkably also in CMV IgG- individuals (27%). In this study, following influenza vaccination, elderly with cellular immunity against CMV were more likely to have cellular immunity against influenza vaccine N1 antigen. These findings stress the need to continue exploring the possible role of CMV in immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Theeten
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Catharina Mathei
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kelly Peeters
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benson Ogunjimi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics (I-BIOSTAT), Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Margareta Ieven
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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24
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Goldeck D, Larsen LA, Christiansen L, Christensen K, Hamprecht K, Pawelec G, Derhovanessian E. Genetic Influence on the Peripheral Blood CD4+ T-cell Differentiation Status in CMV Infection. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:1537-1543. [PMID: 26755680 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A latent infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV), a ubiquitous beta herpesvirus, is associated with an accumulation of late-differentiated memory T-cells, often accompanied by a reciprocal reduced frequency of early-differentiated cells (commonly also referred to as "naïve"). However, this impact of CMV on T-cell phenotypes is variable between individuals. Our previous findings in a subgroup of participants in the Leiden familial Longevity Study indicated an important role of genetics. For further testing, we have analyzed middle-aged monozygotic (MZ, n = 42) and dizygotic (DZ, n = 39) twin pairs from the Danish Twin Registry for their T-cell differentiation status, assessed by surface expression of CD27, CD28, CD57, and KLRG-1. We observed a significant intraclass correlation between cotwins of MZ, but not DZ pairs for the differentiation status of CD4+ and CD8+ subsets. Classical heritability analysis confirmed a substantial contribution of genetics to the differentiation status of T-cells in CMV infection. The humoral (IgG) response to different CMV antigens also seems to be genetically influenced, suggesting that a similar degree of immune control of the virus in MZ twins might be responsible for their similar T-cell differentiation status. Thus, the way T-cells differentiate in the face of a latent CMV infection, and the parallel humoral responses, both controlling the virus, are genetically influenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Goldeck
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen Medical School, Germany
| | | | | | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense.,Department of Clinical Genetics and.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Klaus Hamprecht
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen Medical School, Germany.
| | - Evelyna Derhovanessian
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen Medical School, Germany.,Present address: BioNTech AG, An der Goldgrube 12, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
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25
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Wistuba-Hamprecht K, Haehnel K, Janssen N, Demuth I, Pawelec G. Peripheral blood T-cell signatures from high-resolution immune phenotyping of γδ and αβ T-cells in younger and older subjects in the Berlin Aging Study II. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2015; 12:25. [PMID: 26640505 PMCID: PMC4670504 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-015-0052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Aging and latent infection with Cytomegalovirus (CMV) are thought to be major factors driving the immune system towards immunosenescence, primarily characterized by reduced amounts of naïve T-cells and increased memory T-cells, potentially associated with higher morbidity and mortality. The composition of both major compartments, γδ as well as αβ T-cells, is altered by age and CMV, but detailed knowledge of changes to the γδ subset is currently limited. Results Here, we have surveyed a population of 73 younger (23–35 years) and 144 older (62–85 years) individuals drawn from the Berlin Aging Study II, investigating the distribution of detailed differentiation phenotypes of both γδ and αβ T-cells. Correlation of frequencies and absolute counts of the identified phenotypes with age and the presence of CMV revealed a lower abundance of Vδ2-positive and a higher amount of Vδ1-positive cells. We found higher frequencies of late-differentiated and lower frequencies of early-differentiated cells in the Vδ1+ and Vδ1-Vδ2-, but not in the Vδ2+ populations in elderly CMV-seropositive individuals confirming the association of these Vδ2-negative cells with CMV-immunosurveillance. We identified the highest Vδ1:Vδ2 ratios in the CMV-seropositive elderly. The observed increased CD4:CD8 ratios in the elderly were significantly lower in CMV-seropositive individuals, who also possessed a lower naïve and a larger late-differentiated compartment of CD8+ αβ T-cells, reflecting the consensus in the literature. Conclusions Our findings illustrate in detail the strong influence of CMV on the abundance and differentiation pattern of γδ T-cells as well as αβ T-cells in older and younger people. Mechanisms responsible for the phenotypic alterations in the γδ T-cell compartment, associated both with the presence of CMV and with age require further clarification. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12979-015-0052-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Waldhörnlestr. 22, Tübingen, 72072 Germany ; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karin Haehnel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Waldhörnlestr. 22, Tübingen, 72072 Germany
| | - Nicole Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Waldhörnlestr. 22, Tübingen, 72072 Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany ; Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center, Waldhörnlestr. 22, Tübingen, 72072 Germany ; The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
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26
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Ferrando-Martínez S, Ruiz-Mateos E, Casazza JP, de Pablo-Bernal RS, Dominguez-Molina B, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Delgado J, de la Rosa R, Solana R, Koup RA, Leal M. IFNγ⁻TNFα⁻IL2⁻MIP1α⁻CD107a⁺PRF1⁺ CD8 pp65-Specific T-Cell Response Is Independently Associated With Time to Death in Elderly Humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:1210-8. [PMID: 25238774 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been suggested to be a major driving force in the immune deterioration and an underlying source of age-related diseases in the elderly. CMV antibody titers are associated with lower responses to vaccination, cardiovascular diseases, frailty, and mortality. CMV infection is also associated with shorter T-cell telomeres and replicative senescence. Although an age-related deregulation of CMV-specific T-cell responses could be an underlying cause of the relationship between CMV and immune defects, strong and polyfunctional responses are observed in elderly individuals, casting uncertainty on their direct role in age-related immune frailty. In this study, we longitudinally followed a cohort of healthy donors aged over 50 years, assessing their mortality rates and time to death during a 2-year period. Specific T-cell responses to the immunodominant antigen pp65 (IFNγ, TNFα, IL2, MIP1α, CD107a, and perforin production) were analyzed at the beginning of the 2-year observation period. A cytotoxic CD8 pp65-specific T-cell response, without cytokine or chemokine coexpression, was independently associated with all-cause mortality in these elderly individuals. This pp65-specific CD8 T-cell response could be a useful tool to identify individuals with depressed immune function and a higher risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferrando-Martínez
- Laboratorio de InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain. Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joseph P Casazza
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rebeca S de Pablo-Bernal
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Beatriz Dominguez-Molina
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Laboratorio de InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain
| | - Juan Delgado
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe, Bormujos, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Rosa
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe, Bormujos, Spain
| | - Rafael Solana
- Department of Cellular Immunology, IMIBIC-Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - Richard A Koup
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Manuel Leal
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Clinic Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
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