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Dominique GM, Hammond C, Stack MS. The Gut Microbiome in Aging and Ovarian Cancer. AGING AND CANCER 2024; 5:14-34. [PMID: 39132604 PMCID: PMC11309124 DOI: 10.1002/aac2.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome changes with age and affects regions beyond the gut, including the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment. In this review summarizing the literature on the gut microbiome in ovarian cancer and in aging, we note trends in the microbiota composition common to both phenomena and trends that are distinctly opposite. Both ovarian cancer and aging are characterized by an increase in proinflammatory bacterial species, particularly those belonging to phylum Proteobacteria and genus Escherichia, and a decrease in short chain fatty acid producers, particularly those in Clostridium cluster XIVa (family Lachnospiraceae) and the Actinobacteria genus Bifidobacterium. However, while beneficial bacteria from family Porphyromonadaceae and genus Akkermansia tend to increase with normal, healthy aging, these bacteria tend to decrease in ovarian cancer, similar to what is observed in obesity or unhealthy aging. We also note a lack in the current literature of research demonstrating causal relationships between the gut microbiome and ovarian cancer outcomes and research on the gut microbiome in ovarian cancer in the context of aging, both of which could lead to improvements to ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gena M Dominique
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | | | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
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2
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Caruso MG, Nicolas S, Lucassen PJ, Mul JD, O’Leary OF, Nolan YM. Ageing, Cognitive Decline, and Effects of Physical Exercise: Complexities, and Considerations from Animal Models. Brain Plast 2024; 9:43-73. [PMID: 38993577 PMCID: PMC11234681 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-230157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In our ageing global population, the cognitive decline associated with dementia and neurodegenerative diseases represents a major healthcare problem. To date, there are no effective treatments for age-related cognitive impairment, thus preventative strategies are urgently required. Physical exercise is gaining traction as a non-pharmacological approach to promote brain health. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), a unique form of brain plasticity which is necessary for certain cognitive functions declines with age and is enhanced in response to exercise. Accumulating evidence from research in rodents suggests that physical exercise has beneficial effects on cognition through its proneurogenic capabilities. Given ethical and technical limitations in human studies, preclinical research in rodents is crucial for a better understanding of such exercise-induced brain and behavioural changes. In this review, exercise paradigms used in preclinical research are compared. We provide an overview of the effects of different exercise paradigms on age-related cognitive decline from middle-age until older-age. We discuss the relationship between the age-related decrease in AHN and the potential impact of exercise on mitigating this decline. We highlight the emerging literature on the impact of exercise on gut microbiota during ageing and consider the role of the gut-brain axis as a future possible strategy to optimize exercise-enhanced cognitive function. Finally, we propose a guideline for designing optimal exercise protocols in rodent studies, which would inform clinical research and contribute to developing preventative strategies for age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Caruso
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah Nicolas
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul J. Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joram D. Mul
- Brain Plasticity group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivia F. O’Leary
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M. Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
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Little RB, Carter SJ, Motl RW, Hunter G, Cook A, Liu N, Krontiras H, Lefkowitz EJ, Turan B, Schleicher E, Rogers LQ. Role of Gut Microbe Composition in Psychosocial Symptom Response to Exercise Training in Breast Cancer Survivors (ROME) study: protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081660. [PMID: 38702085 PMCID: PMC11086582 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer survivors have an increased risk for chronic fatigue and altered gut microbiota composition, both with negative health and quality of life affects. Exercise modestly improves fatigue and is linked to gut microbial diversity and production of beneficial metabolites. Studies suggest that gut microbiota composition is a potential mechanism underlying fatigue response to exercise. Randomised controlled trials testing the effects of exercise on the gut microbiome are limited and there is a scarcity of findings specific to breast cancer survivors. The objective of this study is to determine if fitness-related modifications to gut microbiota occur and, if so, mediate the effects of aerobic exercise on fatigue response. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The research is a randomised controlled trial among breast cancer survivors aged 18-74 with fatigue. The primary aim is to determine the effects of aerobic exercise training compared with an attention control on gut microbiota composition. The secondary study aims are to test if exercise training (1) affects the gut microbiota composition directly and/or indirectly through inflammation (serum cytokines), autonomic nervous system (heart rate variability) or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis mediators (hair cortisol assays), and (2) effects on fatigue are direct and/or indirect through changes in the gut microbiota composition. All participants receive a standardised controlled diet. Assessments occur at baseline, 5 weeks, 10 weeks and 15 weeks (5 weeks post intervention completion). Faecal samples collect the gut microbiome and 16S gene sequencing will identify the microbiome. Fatigue is measured by a 13-item multidimensional fatigue scale. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The University of Alabama at Birmingham Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved this study on 15 May 2019, UAB IRB#30000320. A Data and Safety Monitoring Board convenes annually or more often if indicated. Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04088708.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Little
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Stephen J Carter
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert W Motl
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gary Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Abby Cook
- Baylor Scott & White Medical Center Temple, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Nianjun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Helen Krontiras
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Elliot J Lefkowitz
- Department of Computer Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Bulent Turan
- Department of Psychology, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erica Schleicher
- Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Laura Q Rogers
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Li Y, Berliocchi L, Li Z, Rasmussen LJ. Interactions between mitochondrial dysfunction and other hallmarks of aging: Paving a path toward interventions that promote healthy old age. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e13942. [PMID: 37497653 PMCID: PMC10776122 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research on human aging has largely been guided by the milestone paper "hallmarks of aging," which were first proposed in the seminal 2013 paper by Lopez-Otin et al. Most studies have focused on one aging hallmark at a time, asking whether the underlying molecular perturbations are sufficient to drive the aging process and its associated phenotypes. More recently, researchers have begun to investigate whether aging phenotypes are driven by concurrent perturbations in molecular pathways linked to not one but to multiple hallmarks of aging and whether they present different patterns in organs and systems over time. Indeed, preliminary results suggest that more complex interactions between aging hallmarks must be considered and addressed, if we are to develop interventions that successfully promote healthy aging and/or delay aging-associated dysfunction and diseases. Here, we summarize some of the latest work and views on the interplay between hallmarks of aging, with a specific focus on mitochondrial dysfunction. Indeed, this represents a significant example of the complex crosstalk between hallmarks of aging and of the effects that an intervention targeted to a specific hallmark may have on the others. A better knowledge of these interconnections, of their cause-effect relationships, of their spatial and temporal sequence, will be very beneficial for the whole aging research field and for the identification of effective interventions in promoting healthy old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy AgingUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Laura Berliocchi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy AgingUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity Magna Græcia of CatanzaroCatanzaroItaly
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy AgingUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy AgingUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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5
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Cullen JMA, Shahzad S, Dhillon J. A systematic review on the effects of exercise on gut microbial diversity, taxonomic composition, and microbial metabolites: identifying research gaps and future directions. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1292673. [PMID: 38187136 PMCID: PMC10770260 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1292673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome, hosting a diverse microbial community, plays a pivotal role in metabolism, immunity, and digestion. While the potential of exercise to influence this microbiome has been increasingly recognized, findings remain incongruous. This systematic review examined the effects of exercise on the gut microbiome of human and animal models. Databases (i.e., PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched up to June 2022. Thirty-two exercise studies, i.e., 19 human studies, and 13 animal studies with a minimum of two groups that discussed microbiome outcomes, such as diversity, taxonomic composition, or microbial metabolites, over the intervention period, were included in the systematic review (PROSPERO registration numbers for human review: CRD42023394223). Results indicated that over 50% of studies found no significant exercise effect on human microbial diversity. When evident, exercise often augmented the Shannon index, reflecting enhanced microbial richness and evenness, irrespective of disease status. Changes in beta-diversity metrics were also documented with exercise but without clear directionality. A larger percentage of animal studies demonstrated shifts in diversity compared to human studies, but without any distinct patterns, mainly due to the varied effects of predominantly aerobic exercise on diversity metrics. In terms of taxonomic composition, in humans, exercise usually led to a decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, and consistent increases with Bacteroides and Roseburia genera. In animal models, Coprococcus, another short chain fatty acid (SCFA) producer, consistently rose with exercise. Generally, SCFA producers were found to increase with exercise in animal models. With regard to metabolites, SCFAs emerged as the most frequently measured metabolite. However, due to limited human and animal studies examining exercise effects on microbial-produced metabolites, including SCFAs, clear patterns did not emerge. The overall risk of bias was deemed neutral. In conclusion, this comprehensive systematic review underscores that exercise can potentially impact the gut microbiome with indications of changes in taxonomic composition. The significant variability in study designs and intervention protocols demands more standardized methodologies and robust statistical models. A nuanced understanding of the exercise-microbiome relationship could guide individualized exercise programs to optimize health. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=394223, identifier CRD42023394223.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M A Cullen
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Shahim Shahzad
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jaapna Dhillon
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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Houghton D, Shannon OM, Chater PI, Wilcox MD, Pearson JP, Stanforth K, Jordan C, Avery L, Blain AP, Joel A, Jeffers R, Nolan R, Nelson A, Stewart CJ, Malcomson FC. White kidney bean extract as a nutraceutical: effects on gut microbiota, alpha-amylase inhibition, and user experiences. GUT MICROBIOME (CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND) 2023; 4:e8. [PMID: 39295906 PMCID: PMC11406411 DOI: 10.1017/gmb.2023.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
White kidney bean extract (WKBE) is a nutraceutical often advocated as an anti-obesity agent. The main proposed mechanism for these effects is alpha-amylase inhibition, thereby slowing carbohydrate digestion and absorption. Thus, it is possible that WKBE could impact the gut microbiota and modulate gut health. We investigated the effects of supplementing 20 healthy adults with WKBE for 1 week in a randomised, placebo-controlled crossover trial on the composition of the gut microbiota, gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation (faecal calprotectin), GI symptoms, and stool habits. We conducted in vitro experiments and used a gut model system to explore potential inhibition of alpha-amylase. We gained qualitative insight into participant experiences of using WKBE via focus groups. WKBE supplementation decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and increased that of Firmicutes, however, there were no significant differences in post-intervention gut microbiota measurements between the WKBE and control. There were no significant effects on GI inflammation or symptoms related to constipation, or stool consistency or frequency. Our in vitro and gut model system analyses showed no effects of WKBE on alpha-amylase activity. Our findings suggest that WKBE may modulate the gut microbiota in healthy adults, however, the underlying mechanism is unlikely due to active site inhibition of alpha-amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Houghton
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Peter I Chater
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew D Wilcox
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jeffrey P Pearson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kyle Stanforth
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Cara Jordan
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Tees Valley, UK
| | - Leah Avery
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Tees Valley, UK
| | - Alasdair P Blain
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Abraham Joel
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ruth Jeffers
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ruth Nolan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher J Stewart
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fiona C Malcomson
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Impact of Daily Consumption of Whole-Grain Quinoa-Enriched Bread on Gut Microbiome in Males. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224888. [PMID: 36432574 PMCID: PMC9698549 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets rich in whole grains are associated with improved health and a lower risk of non-communicable diseases, but the mechanisms through which these health benefits are conveyed are uncertain. One mechanism may be improvements in the gut environment by the delivery of fermentable substrates and associated phytochemicals to the lower gut and modification of the gut microbiome. Quinoa is included in the whole-grain category because of its structural similarities to cereals but the effects of its consumption on the gut microbiome have not been investigated to date. Our aim was to examine the impact of daily quinoa consumption on the gut microbiome in a 4-week randomised cross-over intervention separated by a 4-week wash-out period involving 28 adult males. Participants consumed either a quinoa-enriched wheat-bread roll providing 20 g quinoa flour each day, or a control wheat-only bread roll. Stool samples were collected in sterile collection tubes immediately before and at the end of each intervention period. DNA was then extracted, and the 16S rRNA V4 region of extracted DNA was amplified and sequenced. For both the control and quinoa bread periods, there were no changes at the phyla or genus level between baseline and week 4 (all p > 0.05). Diversity in the microbiome profile was not different from baseline after either intervention arms. The results show that small changes in the type of cereal consumed—substituting 20 g of refined wheat flour with whole-grain quinoa flour—was not able to significantly modulate the gut microbiome. Further studies with higher levels of quinoa or longer exposure periods are needed to ascertain if there is a dose−response effect of quinoa, and if these effects are able to translate into clinical outcomes.
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Luo M, Lu J, Li C, Wen B, Chu W, Dang X, Zhang Y, An G, Wang J, Fan R, Chen X. Hydrogen improves exercise endurance in rats by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. Genomics 2022; 114:110523. [PMID: 36423772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that hydrogen water has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on exercise-induced fatigue; however, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a pure water drinking group (NC) and a hydrogen water drinking group (HW) (n = 7), and 2-week treadmill training was used to establish a sports model. Gut bacterial community profiling was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The expression levels of mitochondrial energy metabolism-related genes and the levels of sugar metabolites and enzymes were measured. RESULTS The exercise tolerance of rats in the HW group significantly improved, and the distribution and diversity of intestinal microbes were altered. Hydrogen significantly upregulated genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis, possibly via the Pparγ/Pgc-1α/Tfam pathway. In addition, hydrogen effectively mediated the reprogramming of skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. CONCLUSION Our findings establish a critical role for hydrogen in improving endurance exercise performance by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis via the Pparγ/Pgc-1α/Tfam pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Luo
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Junyu Lu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Chao Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Bo Wen
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Wenbin Chu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Xiangchen Dang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Gaihong An
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Central laboratory, Tianjin Xiqing Hospital, Tianjin 300380, China.
| | - Xuewei Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
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Mazumder S, Bindu S, De R, Debsharma S, Pramanik S, Bandyopadhyay U. Emerging role of mitochondrial DAMPs, aberrant mitochondrial dynamics and anomalous mitophagy in gut mucosal pathogenesis. Life Sci 2022; 305:120753. [PMID: 35787999 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastroduodenal inflammation and ulcerative injuries are increasing due to expanding socio-economic stress, unhealthy food habits-lifestyle, smoking, alcoholism and usage of medicines like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In fact, gastrointestinal (GI) complications, associated with the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic, further, poses a challenge to global healthcare towards safeguarding the GI tract. Emerging evidences have discretely identified mitochondrial dysfunctions as common etiological denominators in diseases. However, it is worth realizing that mitochondrial dysfunctions are not just consequences of diseases. Rather, damaged mitochondria severely aggravate the pathogenesis thereby qualifying as perpetrable factors worth of prophylactic and therapeutic targeting. Oxidative and nitrosative stress due to endogenous and exogenous stimuli triggers mitochondrial injury causing production of mitochondrial damage associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs), which, in a feed-forward loop, inflicts inflammatory tissue damage. Mitochondrial structural dynamics and mitophagy are crucial quality control parameters determining the extent of mitopathology and disease outcomes. Interestingly, apart from endogenous factors, mitochondria also crosstalk and in turn get detrimentally affected by gut pathobionts colonized during luminal dysbiosis. Although mitopathology is documented in various pre-clinical/clinical studies, a comprehensive account appreciating the mitochondrial basis of GI mucosal pathologies is largely lacking. Here we critically discuss the molecular events impinging on mitochondria along with the interplay of mitochondria-derived factors in fueling mucosal pathogenesis. We specifically emphasize on the potential role of aberrant mitochondrial dynamics, anomalous mitophagy, mitochondrial lipoxidation and ferroptosis as emerging regulators of GI mucosal pathogenesis. We finally discuss about the prospect of mitochondrial targeting for next-generation drug discovery against GI disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Mazumder
- Department of Zoology, Raja Peary Mohan College, 1 Acharya Dhruba Pal Road, Uttarpara, West Bengal 712258, India
| | - Samik Bindu
- Department of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736101, India
| | - Rudranil De
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India
| | - Subhashis Debsharma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Saikat Pramanik
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India; Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700091, India.
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Zapanta K, Schroeder ET, Fisher BE. Rethinking Parkinson Disease: Exploring Gut-Brain Interactions and the Potential Role of Exercise. Phys Ther 2022; 102:6535135. [PMID: 35225349 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although Parkinson disease (PD) has traditionally been considered a disease of the central nervous system, a bidirectional communication system known as the gut-brain axis can influence PD pathogenesis. The dual-hit hypothesis proposed that PD is due to peripheral dysregulations to the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis. Since then, further investigation has shown that there are multiple pathological sources associated with PD. However, dysbiosis plays a critical role in the disease process. Substantial evidence has identified that cardinal motor symptoms of PD and disease progression are associated with dysbiosis. In other neurodegenerative disorders, dysbiosis has been linked to cognition. Non-PD research has shown that exercise can effectively restore the gut microbiota. Likewise, exercise has become a well-established strategy to improve cognitive and motor function in PD. However, despite the interaction between the gut and brain, and the exercise benefits on gut health, no research to date has considered the effects of exercise on the gut microbiota in PD. Therefore, the purpose of this Perspective is to explore whether exercise benefits observed in PD could partly be due to restorations to the gut microbiota. First, we will review the gut-brain axis and its influence on motor and cognitive function. Next, we will outline evidence regarding exercise-induced restoration of the gut microbiota in non-PD populations. Finally, we will summarize benefits of exercise on motor-cognitive function in PD, proposing that benefits of exercise seen in PD might actually be due to restorations to the gut microbiota. By positing the gut microbiota as a moderator of exercise improvements to motor and cognitive function, we aim to provide a new perspective for physical therapists to prioritize exercise regimens for individuals with PD that can specifically restore the gut microbiota to better improve PD symptoms and prognosis. IMPACT This Perspective raises awareness that dysregulations to the gut microbiota have recently been attributed to PD symptoms and pathology and that exercise can be an effective therapeutic strategy to improve gut health in individuals with PD. LAY SUMMARY People with PD have been found to have reduced microbial diversity in their gut, which can play an important role in the progression of the disease. Physical therapists can design therapeutic exercises that might help improve gut health in people with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylie Zapanta
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - E Todd Schroeder
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Beth E Fisher
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Künstner A, Schilf P, Busch H, Ibrahim SM, Hirose M. Changes of Gut Microbiota by Natural mtDNA Variant Differences Augment Susceptibility to Metabolic Disease and Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031056. [PMID: 35162979 PMCID: PMC8835372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported on two mouse strains carrying different single nucleotide variations in the mitochondrial complex I gene, i.e., B6-mtBPL mice carrying m.11902T>C and B6-mtALR carrying m.4738C>A. B6-mtBPL mice exhibited a longer lifespan and a lower metabolic disease susceptibility despite mild mitochondrial functional differences in steady-state. As natural polymorphisms in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are known to be associated with distinct patterns of gut microbial composition, we further investigated the gut microbiota composition in these mice strains. In line with mouse phenotypes, we found a significantly lower abundance of Proteobacteria, which is positively associated with pathological conditions, in B6-mtBPL compared to B6-mtALR mice. A prediction of functional profile of significantly differential bacterial genera between these strains revealed an involvement of glucose metabolism pathways. Whole transcriptome analysis of liver samples from B6-mtBPL and B6-mtALR mice confirmed these findings. Thus, both host gene expression and gut microbial changes caused by the mtDNA variant differences may contribute to the ageing and metabolic phenotypes observed in these mice strains. Since gut microbiota are easier to modulate, compared with mtDNA variants, identification of such mtDNA variants, specific gut bacterial species and bacterial metabolites may be a potential intervention to modulate common diseases, which are differentially susceptible to individuals with different mtDNA variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Künstner
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.K.); (P.S.); (H.B.); (S.M.I.)
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Paul Schilf
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.K.); (P.S.); (H.B.); (S.M.I.)
| | - Hauke Busch
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.K.); (P.S.); (H.B.); (S.M.I.)
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Saleh M. Ibrahim
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.K.); (P.S.); (H.B.); (S.M.I.)
- College of Medicine and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Misa Hirose
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (A.K.); (P.S.); (H.B.); (S.M.I.)
- Correspondence:
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Ma P, Peng Y, Zhao L, Liu F, Li X. Differential effect of polysaccharide and nonpolysaccharide components in Sijunzi decoction on spleen deficiency syndrome and their mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 93:153790. [PMID: 34710756 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sijunzi decoction (SJZD), reported in "Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang" of the Song dynasty, is the basic prescription for the treatment of spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It is composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Atractylodisa Macricephalae Rhizoma, Poria and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle. PURPOSE This study sought to explore the effects of different components in SJZD (including nonpolysaccharide NPS and active polysaccharide S-3) on SDS rats and their underlying mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS First, SDS model rats were established by reserpine injection and then treated with SJZD, NPS and S-3. To clarify their effect on GI motility and immune function, the gastrointestinal (GI) hormone levels in rat serum and their related receptor expressions in rat intestine were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot, and the intestinal T lymphocyte expression were quantified by flow cytometry. The levels of SCFAs in feces and serum were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the gut microbiota composition was determined by 16S RNA sequencing. Furthermore, pseudo-germ-free (pGF) and gut microbiota dysbiosis (GMD) model rats were established to verify the key role of the gut microbiota in the treatment of SDS with SJZD, NPS and S-3. RESULTS SJZD has a stronger therapeutic effect on intestinal immune and GI hormone secretion in SDS rats, while the efficacy of NPS and S-3 showed slight differences. NPS mainly regulated the secretion of GI hormones in SDS rats and directly improved intestinal immunity by increasing the expression of T lymphocyte cells, while S-3 mainly enhanced intestinal immune function by increasing the expression of T lymphocyte cells and repairing the intestinal barrier in both direct and indirect ways. Additionally, experiments in pGF and GMD rats have proven that the immune-enhancing effects of SJZD, NPS, and S-3 on SDS rats and the regulation of GI hormones of S-3 are related to modulation of the gut microbiota composition, while the regulation of GI hormones by SJZD and NPS is not completely dependent on this modulation. In particular, Lactobacillus, SMB53, Blautia, Dorea, Collinsella and Adlercreutzia were significantly modulated by SJZD, and 3 genera (including Lactobacillus, Dorea and SMB53) were also remarkably regulated by NPS. S-3 significantly increased the abundance of Butyricimonas and Collinsella, which were different from altered genera in the SJZD group. CONCLUSION This study uncovered that NPS and S-3 are inseparable effective substances for SJZD in the treatment of SDS rats, in which NPS mainly improves intestinal motility dysfunction and S-3 mainly enhances intestinal immunity. The mediation effect of the gut microbiota is extremely important, but the regulating effect of NPS on gastrointestinal hormones has nothing to do with the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Yang J, Yu P, Liu X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Shifts in diversity and function of bacterial community during manufacture of Rushan. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:12375-12393. [PMID: 34482971 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rushan is a traditional dairy product consumed by the Bai people in the Yunnan Province of China, and its production still follows the traditional procedure of backslopping. However, how the microbial composition of raw materials and processing shape the microorganisms in Rushan have not been systemically reported. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technique was applied to analyze the microbial compositions of raw milk, fresh Rushan, curd whey, acid whey, and dry Rushan at the phylum, family, genus, and Lactobacillus species levels. The results indicated that Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus were dominant genera in Rushan, whereas Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens and Lactobacillus helveticus were the 2 abundant species at the Lactobacillus species level. The network analysis indicated that raw milk mainly contributed to the microbial diversity of Rushan, whereas acid whey made a great contribution to shaping the relative abundance of microbes in Rushan and dramatically increased acid-producing genera, such as Lactobacillus and Acetobacter. The variation in microbial composition led to an increase in the relative abundance of pathways related to energy supply, acid production, fatty acid accumulation, cysteine, methionine, and lysine accumulation. The volatile profile of Rushan was rich in esters and acids, and the high relative abundance of Lactobacillus might be associated with reduction of amino acid metabolism, degradation of unpleasant flavored xylene, and accumulation of decanoic, dodecanoic, and tetradecanoic acids in the products. The accumulation of medium long-chain fatty acids might result from the relative abundance of FabF, FabZ, and FabI, particularly from Lactobacillus amylolyticus and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics and Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Functional Food, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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14
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Aya V, Flórez A, Perez L, Ramírez JD. Association between physical activity and changes in intestinal microbiota composition: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247039. [PMID: 33630874 PMCID: PMC7906424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The intestinal microbiota comprises bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, helminths and viruses that symbiotically inhabit the digestive system. To date, research has provided limited data on the possible association between an active lifestyle and a healthy composition of human microbiota. This review was aimed to summarize the results of human studies comparing the microbiome of healthy individuals with different physical activity amounts. METHODS We searched Medline/Ovid, NIH/PubMed, and Academic Search Complete between August-October 2020. Inclusion criteria comprised: (a) cross-sectional studies focused on comparing gut microbiome among subjects with different physical activity levels; (b) studies describing human gut microbiome responses to any type of exercise stimulus; (c) studies containing healthy adult women and men. We excluded studies containing diet modifications, probiotic or prebiotic consumption, as well as studies focused on diabetes, hypertension, cancer, hormonal dysfunction. Methodological quality and risk of bias for each study were assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies-of Interventions tool. The results from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are shown independently. RESULTS A total of 17 articles were eligible for inclusion: ten cross-sectional and seven longitudinal studies. Main outcomes vary significantly according to physical activity amounts in longitudinal studies. We identified discrete changes in diversity indexes and relative abundance of certain bacteria in active people. CONCLUSION As literature in this field is rapidly growing, it is important that studies incorporate diverse methods to evaluate other aspects related to active lifestyles such as sleep and dietary patterns. Exploration of other groups such as viruses, archaea and parasites may lead to a better understanding of gut microbiota adaptation to physical activity and sports and its potentially beneficial effects on host metabolism and endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Aya
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alberto Flórez
- Grupo In-Novum Educatio, Facultad de Educación, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Perez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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Aging, Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Diseases: Management through Physical Exercise and Nutritional Interventions. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010016. [PMID: 33374578 PMCID: PMC7822442 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) is involved in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis, thus the alteration of its composition and functionality has been associated with many pathologies such as metabolic diseases, and could also be linked with the progressive degenerative process in aging. Nowadays, life expectancy is continuously rising, so the number of elder people and the consequent related pathologies demand new strategies to achieve healthy aging. Besides, actual lifestyle patterns make metabolic diseases a global epidemic with increasing trends, responsible for a large mortality and morbidity in adulthood and also compromising the health status of later stages of life. Metabolic diseases and aging share a profile of low-grade inflammation and innate immunity activation, which may have disturbances of GM composition as the leading mechanism. Thus, GM emerges as a therapeutic target with a double impact in the elderly, counteracting both aging itself and the frequent metabolic diseases in this population. This review summarizes the role and compositional changes of the GM in aging and its modulation through nutritional interventions and physical exercise as a strategy to counteract the aging process and the related metabolic diseases.
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Capper TE, Houghton D, Stewart CJ, Blain AP, McMahon N, Siervo M, West DJ, Stevenson EJ. Whole beetroot consumption reduces systolic blood pressure and modulates diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in older participants. NFS JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jun SR, Cheema A, Bose C, Boerma M, Palade PT, Carvalho E, Awasthi S, Singh SP. Multi-Omic Analysis Reveals Different Effects of Sulforaphane on the Microbiome and Metabolome in Old Compared to Young Mice. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101500. [PMID: 33003447 PMCID: PMC7599699 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary factors modulate interactions between the microbiome, metabolome, and immune system. Sulforaphane (SFN) exerts effects on aging, cancer prevention and reducing insulin resistance. This study investigated effects of SFN on the gut microbiome and metabolome in old mouse model compared with young mice. Young (6–8 weeks) and old (21–22 months) male C57BL/6J mice were provided regular rodent chow ± SFN for 2 months. We collected fecal samples before and after SFN administration and profiled the microbiome and metabolome. Multi-omics datasets were analyzed individually and integrated to investigate the relationship between SFN diet, the gut microbiome, and metabolome. The SFN diet restored the gut microbiome in old mice to mimic that in young mice, enriching bacteria known to be associated with an improved intestinal barrier function and the production of anti-inflammatory compounds. The tricarboxylic acid cycle decreased and amino acid metabolism-related pathways increased. Integration of multi-omic datasets revealed SFN diet-induced metabolite biomarkers in old mice associated principally with the genera, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, and Allobaculum. Collectively, our results support a hypothesis that SFN diet exerts anti-aging effects in part by influencing the gut microbiome and metabolome. Modulating the gut microbiome by SFN may have the potential to promote healthier aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ran Jun
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Amrita Cheema
- Departments of Oncology and Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Chhanda Bose
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (C.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Philip T. Palade
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (C.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Sharda P. Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (C.B.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-806-743-1540
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18
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Eom T, Ko G, Kim KC, Kim JS, Unno T. Dendropanax morbifera Leaf Extracts Improved Alcohol Liver Injury in Association with Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100911. [PMID: 32987739 PMCID: PMC7598590 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the protective effects of Dendropanax morbifera leaf (DML) extracts in the liver due to excessive ethanol consumption. Our results showed that the ethanol extract had better antioxidant activity than the water extract, likely due to the higher levels of total flavonoid and phenolic compounds in the former. We found that the main phenolic acid was chlorogenic acid and the major flavonoid was rutin. Results from the animal model experiment showed concentration-dependent liver protection with the distilled water extract showing better liver protection than the ethanol extract. Gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by alcohol consumption was significantly shifted by DML extracts through increasing mainly Bacteroides and Allobaculum. Moreover, predicted metabolic activities of biosynthesis of beneficial monounsaturated fatty acids such as oleate and palmitoleate were enhanced. Our results suggest that these hepatoprotective effects are likely due to the increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and partially promoted by intestinal microbiota shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taekil Eom
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Gwangpyo Ko
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Kyeoung Cheol Kim
- Majors in Plant Resource and Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (K.C.K.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Ju-Sung Kim
- Majors in Plant Resource and Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (K.C.K.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-64-754-3354; Fax: +82-64-756-3351
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Effects of high-intensity interval training on gut microbiota profiles in 12 months' old ICR mice. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:539-548. [PMID: 32725451 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00758-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIT) has been proposed to exert multiple beneficial effects and positively affect gut microbiota, while how HIT would affect gut microbiota profiles in middle-aged mice remain unreported. Male ICR mice (12 months old) were divided into two groups, i.e., control group (CON) and HIT exercise group (HIT) given HIT running with a total of 7 weeks. Fecal content from the gut was collected eventually and gut microbiota were determined via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Compared with CON group, mice from HIT group exhibited improved gut microbial diversity including increased Shannon index. Compared with the CON group, at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and TM7 was significantly decreased and increased, respectively, from HIT group. At the genera level, HIT group had significantly increased Dorea and Dehalobacterium, while decreased Candidatus Arthromitus. PICRUSt analysis at level 2 and level 3 of KEGG pathways demonstrated that the cecal microbiota of mice from HIT group had significantly enriched pathways involved in carbohydrate metabolism, signal transduction mechanisms, and transcription, while reduced pathways involved in renal cell carcinoma, Huntington's disease, pathways in cancer, various types of N-glycan biosynthesis, Alzheimer's disease, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, cell motility and secretion, and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis proteins. In conclusion, HIT could dynamically alter gut microbiota profiles in middle-aged mice. How altered gut microbiota profiles could affect the biological functions of HIT need to be further explored.
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Andreotti DZ, Silva JDN, Matumoto AM, Orellana AM, de Mello PS, Kawamoto EM. Effects of Physical Exercise on Autophagy and Apoptosis in Aged Brain: Human and Animal Studies. Front Nutr 2020; 7:94. [PMID: 32850930 PMCID: PMC7399146 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process is characterized by a series of molecular and cellular changes over the years that could culminate in the deterioration of physiological parameters important to keeping an organism alive and healthy. Physical exercise, defined as planned, structured and repetitive physical activity, has been an important force to alter physiology and brain development during the process of human beings' evolution. Among several aspects of aging, the aim of this review is to discuss the balance between two vital cellular processes such as autophagy and apoptosis, based on the fact that physical exercise as a non-pharmacological strategy seems to rescue the imbalance between autophagy and apoptosis during aging. Therefore, the effects of different types or modalities of physical exercise in humans and animals, and the benefits of each of them on aging, will be discussed as a possible preventive strategy against neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zukas Andreotti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josiane do Nascimento Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Midori Matumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Orellana
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paloma Segura de Mello
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pellegrini C, Daniele S, Antonioli L, Benvenuti L, D’Antongiovanni V, Piccarducci R, Pietrobono D, Citi V, Piragine E, Flori L, Ippolito C, Segnani C, Palazon-Riquelme P, Lopez-Castejon G, Martelli A, Colucci R, Bernardini N, Trincavelli ML, Calderone V, Martini C, Blandizzi C, Fornai M. Prodromal Intestinal Events in Alzheimer's Disease (AD): Colonic Dysmotility and Inflammation Are Associated with Enteric AD-Related Protein Deposition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103523. [PMID: 32429301 PMCID: PMC7278916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that intestinal dysfunctions may represent early events in Alzheimer’s disease and contribute to brain pathology. This study examined the relationship between onset of cognitive impairment and colonic dysfunctions in a spontaneous AD model before the full development of brain pathology. SAMP8 mice underwent Morris water maze and assessment of faecal output at four, six and eight months of age. In vitro colonic motility was examined. Faecal and colonic Aβ, tau proteins, α-synuclein and IL-1β were assessed by ELISA. Colonic citrate synthase activity was assessed by spectrophotometry. Colonic NLRP3, caspase-1 and ASC expression were evaluated by Western blotting. Colonic eosinophil density and claudin-1 expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The effect of Aβ on NLRP3 signalling and mitochondrial function was tested in cultured cells. Cognitive impairment and decreased faecal output occurred in SAMP8 mice from six months. When compared with SAMR1, SAMP8 animals displayed: (1) impaired in vitro colonic contractions; (2) increased enteric AD-related proteins, IL-1β, active-caspase-1 expression and eosinophil density; and (3) decreased citrate synthase activity and claudin-1 expression. In THP-1 cells, Aβ promoted IL-1β release, which was abrogated upon incubation with caspase-1 inhibitor or in ASC-/- cells. Aβ decreased mitochondrial function in THP-1 cells. In SAMP8, enteric AD-related proteins deposition, inflammation and impaired colonic excitatory neurotransmission, occurring before the full brain pathology development, could contribute to bowel dysmotility and represent prodromal events in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pellegrini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Vanessa D’Antongiovanni
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Rebecca Piccarducci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Deborah Pietrobono
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Eugenia Piragine
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.I.); (C.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.I.); (C.S.); (N.B.)
| | - Pablo Palazon-Riquelme
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (P.P.-R.); (G.L.-C.)
| | - Gloria Lopez-Castejon
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (P.P.-R.); (G.L.-C.)
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.I.); (C.S.); (N.B.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Trincavelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (S.D.); (R.P.); (D.P.); (V.C.); (E.P.); (L.F.); (A.M.); (M.L.T.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (C.B.); Tel.: +39-050-221-2115 (C.M.); +39-050-221-8753 (C.B.)
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (C.B.); Tel.: +39-050-221-2115 (C.M.); +39-050-221-8753 (C.B.)
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (M.F.)
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22
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Zhu Q, Jiang S, Du G. Effects of exercise frequency on the gut microbiota in elderly individuals. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1053. [PMID: 32356611 PMCID: PMC7424259 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has shown that exercise can affect the gut microbiota. The effects of exercise frequency on the gut microbiota in elderly individuals are still largely unknown. In the present study, samples from 897 elderly and 1,589 adult individuals (18–60 years old) from the American Gut Project were screened. Microbial diversity and composition were analyzed by QIIME2, and microbial function was predicted by PICRUSt2. The outcomes were further analyzed by STAMP. The analysis showed that the α‐diversity of gut microbiota increased with increasing age, and regular exercise reshaped the alterations in microbial composition and function induced by aging. Moreover, the α‐diversity of gut microbiota was higher in overweight elderly individuals than in normoweight elderly individuals, and regular exercise significantly affected the microbial composition and function in overweight elderly individuals. In conclusion, we revealed that regular exercise benefits elderly individuals, especially overweight elderly individuals, by modulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shangfei Jiang
- Human Anatomy Laboratory, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Guankui Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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23
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Analysis of free radical production capacity in mouse faeces and its possible application in evaluating the intestinal environment: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19533. [PMID: 31862981 PMCID: PMC6925209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex interplay between the intestinal environment and the host has attracted considerable attention and has been well studied with respect to the gut microbiome and metabolome. Oxygen free radicals such as superoxide and the hydroxyl radical (•OH) are generated during normal cellular metabolism. They are toxic to both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and might thus affect intestinal homeostasis. However, the effect of oxygen free radicals on the intestinal environment has not been widely studied. Herein, we applied electron spin resonance spectroscopy with spin trapping reagents to evaluate oxygen free radical production capacity in the intestinal lumen and the faeces of mice. •OH was generated in faeces and lumens of the small and large intestines. There were no remarkable differences in •OH levels between faeces and the large intestine, suggesting that faeces can be used as alternative samples to estimate the •OH production capacity in the colonic contents. We then compared free radical levels in faecal samples among five different mouse strains (ddY, ICR, C57BL/6, C3H/HeJ, and BALB/c) and found that strain ddY had considerably higher levels than the other four strains. In addition, strain ddY was more susceptible to dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis. These differences were possibly related to the relative abundance of the gut bacterial group Candidatus Arthromitus, which is known to modulate the host immune response. From these results, we suggest that the production capacity of oxygen free radicals in mouse faeces is associated with intestinal homeostasis.
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24
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Wang WW, Wang J, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Qi GH. Transcriptome analysis reveals mechanism underlying the differential intestinal functionality of laying hens in the late phase and peak phase of production. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:970. [PMID: 31830910 PMCID: PMC6907226 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The compromised performance of laying hens in the late phase of production relative to the peak production was thought to be associated with the impairment of intestinal functionality, which plays essential roles in contributing to their overall health and production performance. In the present study, RNA sequencing was used to investigate differences in the expression profile of intestinal functionality-related genes and associated pathways between laying hens in the late phase and peak phase of production. Results A total of 104 upregulated genes with 190 downregulated genes were identified in the ileum (the distal small intestine) of laying hens in the late phase of production compared to those at peak production. These upregulated genes were found to be enriched in little KEGG pathway, however, the downregulated genes were enriched in the pathways of PPAR signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and glutathione metabolism. Besides, these downregulated genes were mapped to several GO clusters in relation to lipid metabolism, electron transport of respiratory chain, and oxidation resistance. Similarly, there were lower activities of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase and Na+/K+-ATPase, and reductions of total antioxidant capacity and ATP level, along with an elevation in malondialdehyde content in the ileum of laying hens in the late phase of production as compared with those at peak production. Conclusions The intestine of laying hens in the late phase of production were predominantly characterized by a disorder of lipid metabolism, concurrent with impairments of energy production and antioxidant property. This study uncovers the mechanism underlying differences between the intestinal functionality of laying hens in the late phase and peak phase of production, thereby providing potential targets for the genetic control or dietary modulation of intestinal hypofunction of laying hens in the late phase of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Li L, Chen B, Zhu R, Li R, Tian Y, Liu C, Jia Q, Wang L, Tang J, Zhao D, Mo F, Liu Y, Li Y, Orekhov AN, Brömme D, Zhang D, Gao S. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi preserves bone quality through the regulation of gut microbiota diversity, oxidative stress, TMAO and Sirt6 levels in aging mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9348-9368. [PMID: 31715585 PMCID: PMC6874471 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis and oxidative stress may trigger senile osteoporosis. Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) has bone-preserving properties and affects the intestinal microecology. However, the mechanism of the anti-osteoporotic effect of FLL and its link to the gut microbiota remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that sustained exposure of ICR mice to D-galactose / sodium nitrite for 90 days causes aging-related osteoporosis and reduced cognitive performance. The aging phenotype is also characterized by increased oxidative stress in serum. This is likely triggered by abnormal changes in the gut microbiota population of Bifidobacterium and the ratio of Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes that resulted in increased levels of flavin-containing monooxygenase-3 and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Moreover, the increased oxidative stress further accelerated aging by increasing tumor necrosis factor-α levels in serum and reducing Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) expression in long bones, which prompted nuclear factor kappa-B acetylation as well as over-expression and activation of cathepsin K. FLL-treated aging mice revealed a non-osteoporotic bone phenotype and an improvement on the cognitive function. The mechanism underlying these effects may be linked to the regulation of gut microbiota diversity, antioxidant activity, and the levels of TMAO and Sirt6. FLL may represent a potential source for identifying anti-senile osteoporotic drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Li
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yimiao Tian
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinfa Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of He'nan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fangfang Mo
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Liu
- The Scientific Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Histology, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Dieter Brömme
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Centre, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Mayengbam S, Mickiewicz B, Trottier SK, Mu C, Wright DC, Reimer RA, Vogel HJ, Shearer J. Distinct Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolites in Response to Weight Loss Induced by Either Dairy or Exercise in a Rodent Model of Obesity. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3867-3875. [PMID: 31533430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Energy imbalance is a primary cause of obesity. While the classical approach to attenuate weight gain includes an increase in energy expenditure through exercise, dietary manipulation such as the inclusion of dairy products has also been proven effective. In the present study, we explored the potential mechanisms by which dairy and exercise attenuate weight gain in diet-induced obese rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high fat, high-sugar (HFHS) diet to induce obesity for 8 weeks. Rats were then further grouped into either control (HFHS + casein) or dairy diet (HFHS + nonfat skim milk) with and without treadmill exercise for 6 weeks. Serum and fresh fecal samples were collected for gut microbiota, serum metabolomics, and metallomics analysis. Diet and exercise resulted in distinct separation in both gut microbiota and serum metabolite profiles. Most intriguingly, obesogenic bacteria including Desulfovibrio and Oribacterium were reduced, and bioactive molecules such as mannose and arginine were significantly increased in the dairy group. Correlations of at least six bacterial genera with serum metal ions and metabolites were also found. Results reveal distinct impacts of dairy and exercise on the gut microbiota and in the modulation of circulating metabolites with the former primarily responsible for driving microbial alterations known to attenuate weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamchand Mayengbam
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute , Alberta Children's Hospital , Calgary T3B 6A8 , Alberta , Canada
| | | | - Sarah K Trottier
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences , University of Guelph , Guelph N1G 2W1 , Ontario , Canada
| | - Chunlong Mu
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute , Alberta Children's Hospital , Calgary T3B 6A8 , Alberta , Canada
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences , University of Guelph , Guelph N1G 2W1 , Ontario , Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute , Alberta Children's Hospital , Calgary T3B 6A8 , Alberta , Canada
| | | | - Jane Shearer
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute , Alberta Children's Hospital , Calgary T3B 6A8 , Alberta , Canada
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27
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Yadak R, Breur M, Bugiani M. Gastrointestinal Dysmotility in MNGIE: from thymidine phosphorylase enzyme deficiency to altered interstitial cells of Cajal. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:33. [PMID: 30736844 PMCID: PMC6368792 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MNGIE is a rare and fatal disease in which absence of the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase induces systemic accumulation of thymidine and deoxyuridine and secondary mitochondrial DNA alterations. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are frequently reported in MNGIE patients, however, they are not resolved with the current treatment interventions. Recently, our understanding of the GI pathology has increased, which rationalizes the pursuit of more targeted therapeutic strategies. In particular, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) play key roles in GI physiology and are involved in the pathogenesis of the GI dysmotility. However, understanding of the triggers of ICC deficits in MNGIE is lacking. Herein, we review the current knowledge about the pathology of GI dysmotility in MNGIE, discuss potential mechanisms in relation to ICC loss/dysfunction, remark on the limited contribution of the current treatments, and propose intervention strategies to overcome ICC deficits. Finally, we address the advances and new research avenues offered by organoids and tissue engineering technologies, and propose schemes to implement to further our understanding of the GI pathology and utility in regenerative and personalized medicine in MNGIE. Conclusion Interstitial cells of Cajal play key roles in the physiology of the gastrointestinal motility. Evaluation of their status in the GI dysmotility related to MNGIE would be valuable for diagnosis of MNGIE. Understanding the underlying pathological and molecular mechanisms affecting ICC is an asset for the development of targeted prevention and treatment strategies for the GI dysmotility related to MNGIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Yadak
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein Breur
- Department of Child Neurology, VU University Medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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28
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Szychlinska MA, Di Rosa M, Castorina A, Mobasheri A, Musumeci G. A correlation between intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and osteoarthritis. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01134. [PMID: 30671561 PMCID: PMC6330556 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the articular cartilage, resulting in pain and total joint disability. Recent studies focused on the role of the metabolic syndrome in inducing or worsening joint damage suggest that chronic low-grade systemic inflammation may represent a possible linking factor. This finding supports the concept of a new phenotype of OA, a metabolic OA. The gut microbiome is fundamental for human physiology and immune system development, among the other important functions. Manipulation of the gut microbiome is considered an important topic for the individual health in different medical fields such as medical biology, nutrition, sports, preventive and rehabilitative medicine. Since intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of several metabolic and inflammatory diseases, it is conceivable that also the pathogenesis of OA might be related to it. However, the mechanisms and the contribution of intestinal microbiota metabolites in OA pathogenesis are still not clear. The aim of this narrative review is to review recent literature concerning the possible contribution of dysbiosis to OA onset and to discuss the importance of gut microbiome homeostasis maintenance for optimal general health preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Anna Szychlinska
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Castorina
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute, Centre for Innovative Medicine, Lithuania
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- School of the Sport of the Italian National Olympic Committee "CONI" Sicily, Italy
- Corresponding author.
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MITCHELL CASSIEM, DAVY BRENDAM, HULVER MATTHEWW, NEILSON ANDREWP, BENNETT BRIANJ, DAVY KEVINP. Does Exercise Alter Gut Microbial Composition? A Systematic Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:160-167. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ticinesi A, Tana C, Nouvenne A. The intestinal microbiome and its relevance for functionality in older persons. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2019; 22:4-12. [PMID: 30489399 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article summarizes the advances of research on the role of the intestinal microbiota in influencing sarcopenia, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction in older individuals, and thus its relevance for healthy active ageing. RECENT FINDINGS Age-related alterations of intestinal microbiota composition may negatively influence muscle protein synthesis and function by promoting chronic systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and reducing nutrient bioavailability. However, this 'gut-muscle axis' hypothesis is not supported by human data to date. Some observational studies have instead demonstrated that, in older individuals, frailty and Alzheimer-type dementia are associated with fecal microbiota dysbiosis, that is, reduced biodiversity and overexpression of pathobionts. The main possible mechanisms of the 'gut-brain axis' in cognitive function modulation include effects on neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, and amyloid deposition. Conversely, longevity in good health may be associated with the maintenance of a fecal microbiota composition similar to that of healthy young adults. However, the role of gut microbiota as an independent modulator of frailty and cognition still remains uncertain, being influenced by several physiological factors, including diet and exercise. SUMMARY The intestinal microbiome composition represents a possible determinant of functional performance in older people, and a promising target for antiaging therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ticinesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudio Tana
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma
| | - Antonio Nouvenne
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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