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Cui M, Wang J, Deng M, Meng H, Fan Y, Ku C, Wang R, Wu B, Dai M, Ping Z. Longitudinal relationship between grip strength and cognitive function in a European population older than 50 years: A cross-lagged panel model. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 122:105396. [PMID: 38484671 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic longitudinal relationship between grip strength and cognitive function. METHODS 6175 participants aged ≥50 years were included in the study using three waves of follow-up data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe in 2015 (T1), 2017 (T2) and 2019 (T3). Cognitive function was assessed using numeracy, verbal fluency, immediate recall, delayed recall and total. The cross-lagged panel model was used for analysis. RESULTS There was a correlation between grip strength and cognitive function. Standardized path coefficient from numeracy T1 to grip strength T2 was 0.017 (p = 0.003), and from numeracy T2 to grip strength T3 was 0.014 (p = 0.012). Standardized path coefficient from grip strength T1 to numeracy T2 was 0.096 (p < 0.001), and from grip strength T2 to numeracy T3 was 0.113 (p < 0.001). Other indicators of cognitive function had similar relationships with grip strength. CONCLUSIONS The study found a statistically significant longitudinal and bidirectional relationship between grip strength and cognitive function in a sample of people aged ≥50 years from several European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Cui
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Miao Deng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hailan Meng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanshuai Fan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chaoyue Ku
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ruizhe Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Binbin Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Man Dai
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhiguang Ping
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Mameno T, Moynihan P, Nakagawa T, Inagaki H, Akema S, Murotani Y, Takeuchi S, Kimura A, Okada Y, Tsujioka Y, Higashi K, Hagino H, Mihara Y, Kosaka T, Takahashi T, Wada M, Gondo Y, Kamide K, Akasaka H, Kabayama M, Ishizaki T, Masui Y, Ikebe K. Exploring the association between number of teeth, food intake, and cognitive function: A 9-year longitudinal study. J Dent 2024; 145:104991. [PMID: 38608831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the association between the number of teeth, food intake, and cognitive function in Japanese community-dwelling older adults. METHODS This 9-year longitudinal study included a total of 293 analyzable participants who participated in baseline and follow-up surveys. Dental status (number of teeth and periodontal pocket depth), dietary assessment using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire, cognitive function, and the following confounding factors were evaluated: educational level, financial satisfaction, living situation, smoking and drinking habits, history of chronic diseases, apolipoprotein E-ε4 carrier, body mass index, handgrip strength, instrumental activities of daily living, and depressive symptomatology. The Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was used to evaluate cognitive function. A multinomial logistic regression analysis for the intake level of each food categorized into three groups (low, moderate, high), and a generalized estimating equation (GEE) for cognitive function over nine years were performed. RESULTS After controlling for confounding factors, the number of teeth was shown to be associated with the intake of green-yellow vegetables and meat. Furthermore, the GEE indicated that the lowest quartile of intake of green-yellow vegetables significantly associated with lower cognitive function (unstandardized regression coefficient [B] = -0.96, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: -1.72 to -0.20), and the lowest quartile of intake of meat significantly associated with lower cognitive function (B = -1.42, 95 % CI: -2.27 to -0.58). CONCLUSIONS The intake of green and yellow vegetables and meat, which is influenced by the number of teeth, was associated with cognitive function in Japanese community-dwelling older adults. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE There are few studies that have examined the association between oral health, food intake, and cognitive function. This 9-year longitudinal study suggests that it is important to maintain natural teeth to enable the functional means to consume green-yellow vegetables and meat, and thereby help maintain cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Mameno
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Paula Moynihan
- Adelaide Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Takeshi Nakagawa
- Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obushi, Aichi 474-8511 Japan
| | - Hiroki Inagaki
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Suzuna Akema
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Murotani
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoko Takeuchi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kimura
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshie Okada
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tsujioka
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kotaro Higashi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hagino
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mihara
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kosaka
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihito Takahashi
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Wada
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Gondo
- Department of Clinical Thanatology and Geriatric Behavioral Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Human Sciences, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Kamide
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akasaka
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mai Kabayama
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishizaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yukie Masui
- Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ikebe
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Gonzalo-Encabo P, Vasbinder A, Bea JW, Reding KW, Laddu D, LaMonte MJ, Stefanick ML, Kroenke CH, Jung SY, Shadyab AH, Naughton MJ, Patel MI, Luo J, Banack HR, Sun Y, Simon MS, Dieli-Conwright CM. Low physical function Post-Cancer diagnosis is associated with higher mortality risk in postmenopausal women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024:djae055. [PMID: 38449287 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmenopausal women with cancer experience an accelerated physical dysfunction beyond that expected through aging alone due to cancer and its treatments. The aim of this study is to determine whether declines in physical function after cancer diagnosis are associated with all-cause mortality and cancer-specific mortality. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 8,068 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) who were diagnosed with cancer and had physical function assessed within 1-year of cancer diagnosis. Self-reported physical function was measured using the 10-item physical function subscale of the RAND 36-Item Health Survey. Cause of death was determined by medical record review with central adjudication and linkage to the National Death Index. Death was adjudicated through February 2022. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 7.7 years from cancer diagnosis 3,316 (41.1%) women died. Our results showed that for every 10% decline in the physical function score after cancer diagnosis, all-cause mortality and cancer-specific mortality were significantly reduced by 12% (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.89) and (HR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.86 to 0.91), respectively. Further categorical analyses showed a significant dose-response relationship between post-diagnosis physical function categories and mortality outcomes (trend test P < .001), where the median survival time for women in the lowest physical function quartile was 9.1 (8.6, 10.6) years compared to 18.4 (15.8, 22.0) years for women in the highest physical function quartile. CONCLUSION Postmenopausal women with low physical function after cancer diagnosis may be at higher risk of mortality from all causes and cancer-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gonzalo-Encabo
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Área de Educación Física y Deportiva, Madrid, España
| | - Alexi Vasbinder
- University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer W Bea
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kerryn W Reding
- University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deepika Laddu
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael J LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology & Environmental Health, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Marcia L Stefanick
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Candyce H Kroenke
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Su Yon Jung
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, Translational Sciences Section, School of Nursing, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michelle J Naughton
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Control, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Manali I Patel
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Hailey R Banack
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yangbo Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, TN, USA
| | - Michael S Simon
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christina M Dieli-Conwright
- Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Chong JSX, Chua KY, Ng KK, Chong SW, Leong RLF, Chee MWL, Koh WP, Zhou JH. Higher handgrip strength is linked to higher salience ventral attention functional network segregation in older adults. Commun Biol 2024; 7:214. [PMID: 38383572 PMCID: PMC10881588 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence suggests that handgrip strength is linked to cognition in older adults, and this may be subserved by shared age-related changes in brain function and structure. However, the interplay among handgrip strength, brain functional connectivity, and cognitive function remains poorly elucidated. Hence, our study sought to examine these relationships in 148 community-dwelling older adults. Specifically, we examined functional segregation, a measure of functional brain organization sensitive to ageing and cognitive decline, and its associations with handgrip strength and cognitive function. We showed that higher handgrip strength was related to better processing speed, attention, and global cognition. Further, higher handgrip strength was associated with higher segregation of the salience/ventral attention network, driven particularly by higher salience/ventral attention intra-network functional connectivity of the right anterior insula to the left posterior insula/frontal operculum and right midcingulate/medial parietal cortex. Importantly, these handgrip strength-related inter-individual differences in salience/ventral attention network functional connectivity were linked to cognitive function, as revealed by functional decoding and brain-cognition association analyses. Our findings thus highlight the importance of the salience/ventral attention network in handgrip strength and cognition, and suggest that inter-individual differences in salience/ventral attention network segregation and intra-network connectivity could underpin the handgrip strength-cognition relationship in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Su Xian Chong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin Yiqiang Chua
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwun Kei Ng
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shin Wee Chong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruth L F Leong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael W L Chee
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woon Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juan Helen Zhou
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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5
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Pérez-Parra JE, Henao-Lema CP, Arcos-Rodríguez AV, López-Ocampo N, Castaño-García C, Pérez-Gamboa OP. Handgrip strength and upper limb functional performance measures in people over 18 years old: Analysis of relationships and influencing factors. J Hand Ther 2024; 37:101-109. [PMID: 37580200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Handgrip strength is a common, simple, and inexpensive method to measure muscle strength. On the other hand, the functional performance measurement involves a usual task which implies repeating elements between the individuals' interaction and the environment. This is fundamental for projecting their results to daily life situation. PURPOSE To explore the relationship between grip strength and measures of functional performance of the upper limbs (ULs) in people over 18 years of age, and to determine the influence of sociodemographic and anthropometric variables on the relationship. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted under the analytical empirical approach, using linear associations between handgrip strength and functional performance measurement tests (correspondence analysis). METHODS Three hundred sixty-two male and female individuals between 18 and 91 years of age from 4 Colombian cities participated. The grip strength of both ULs measured with a digital dynamometry was associated with the Box and Block Test (BBT, manual dexterity), Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT, daily living tasks), and Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JJT, ability to grasp, pick up, and place). Multiple linear regression analyzes were performed to assess possible explanatory factors of a sociodemographic and anthropometric order. RESULTS A significant association was found between the grip strength of dominant and non-dominant ULs with all functional performance tests (ρ > 0.27 and p < .001), except for the writing and simulated feeding subtests of the JJT (ρ ≤ 0.16). An interactive effect of age was found in the relationship between grip strength and the 3 functional performance tests. CONCLUSIONS These results support the association between grip strength with the NHPT, JJT, and BBT measures and the interactive effect of age on the performance of all tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Natalia López-Ocampo
- Master in Neurorehabilitation, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia
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6
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Ohta M, Ryu M, Ogami K, Ueda T. Oral Function for Diagnosing Oral Hypofunction in Healthy Young Adults: A Comparison with the Literature. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2023; 64:105-111. [PMID: 37599090 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.2022-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated decline in oral function in healthy young adults and compared it with that observed in an earlier studies employing older adults. The participants comprised 130 young healthy adults (mean age 24.1±2.9 yr), all with complete dentition. All participants underwent the oral hypofunction test established by the Japanese Society of Gerodontology, which evaluates oral hygiene, oral dryness, occlusal force, tongue-lip motor function (oral diadochokinetic rate; ODK), tongue pressure, and masticatory and swallowing function. The average value for and rate of hypofunction of each parameter were calculated. In healthy young adults, the scores were 28.9±17.1% for oral hygiene; 28.8±2.2 for oral dryness; 959.9±499.8 N for occlusal force; 7.0±0.8 times/sec for ODK /pa/, 7.6±0.8 times/sec for /ta/, and 6.9±0.9 times/sec for /ka/; 41.8±8.4 kPa for tongue pressure; 249.8±94.1 mg/dl for masticatory function; and 0.2±0.7 for swallowing function. No sign or symptom of change in oral function was observed at a high rate in young adults. Occlusal force, tongue-lip motor function, and tongue pressure showed a large difference in the rate of hypofunction between younger and older adults, however.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Ohta
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Masahiro Ryu
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Koichiro Ogami
- Division of General Dentistry, Chiba Dental Center, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Takayuki Ueda
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Tokyo Dental College
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McGrath R, Tomkinson GR, Hamm JM, Juhl K, Knoll K, Parker K, Smith AE, Rhee Y. The Role of Different Weakness Cut-Points for Future Cognitive Impairment in Older Americans. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:1936-1941.e2. [PMID: 37634549 PMCID: PMC10840802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES New absolute and normalized handgrip strength (HGS) cut-points may not yield similar predictive value for cognitive performance. We sought to determine the associations of (1) each absolute and normalized weakness cut-point, and (2) compounding weakness on future cognitive impairment in older Americans. DESIGN Longitudinal panel. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The analytic sample included 11,116 participants aged ≥65 years from the 2006 to 2018 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Participants from the Health and Retirement Study completed detailed interviews that included physical measures and core interviews. METHODS The modified Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status assessed cognitive function and persons scoring <11 were classified as having a cognitive impairment. A handgrip dynamometer measured HGS. Men were considered weak if their HGS was <35.5 kg (absolute), <0.45 kg/kg (body mass normalized), or <1.05 kg (body mass index normalized), whereas women were classified as weak if their HGS was <20.0 kg, <0.337 kg/kg, or <0.79 kg. Compounding weakness included those below 1, 2, or all 3 cut-points. Generalized estimating equations quantified the associations. RESULTS Persons considered weak under the absolute cut-point had 1.62 (95% CI 1.34-1.96) greater odds for future cognitive impairment, but no significant associations were observed for those classified as weak under the body mass [odds ratio (OR) 1.12, CI 0.91-1.36] and body mass index normalized (OR 1.17, CI 0.95-1.43) cut-points. Older Americans below all 3 weakness cut-points had 1.47 (CI 1.15-1.88) greater odds for future cognitive impairment, but no significant associations were found for persons classified as weak under 1 (OR 1.08, CI 0.83-1.42) or 2 (OR 1.19, CI 0.91-1.55) cut-points. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that each weakness cut-point has differential prognostic value for future cognitive impairment, and aggregating weakness cut-points may improve their predictive utility. Consideration should be given to how weakness categories are uniquely linked to cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan McGrath
- Healthy Aging North Dakota (HAND), North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA; Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA; Fargo VA Healthcare System, Fargo, ND, USA; Department of Geriatrics, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremy M Hamm
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kirsten Juhl
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA; Sanford Health, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kelly Knoll
- Healthy Aging North Dakota (HAND), North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA; Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kelly Parker
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Ashleigh E Smith
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yeong Rhee
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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8
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Grainger SA, Henry JD, Alister M, Bourdaniotis XE, Mead J, Bailey TG, Coombes JS, Vear N. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Muscular Strength Do Not Predict Social Cognitive Capacity in Older Age. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:1824-1833. [PMID: 37480568 PMCID: PMC10645310 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social cognitive function often declines in older age but the mechanisms underlying these declines are not completely clear. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength are positively associated with broader cognitive function in older adults, yet surprisingly, no study has examined whether a similar relationship exists between CRF or muscular strength and social cognition in older age. METHODS We assessed whether higher CRF and muscular strength were associated with enhanced social cognitive function in a sample of fifty older adults (Mage = 70.08, standard deviation = 3.93). Participants completed a gold-standard cardiopulmonary exercise test to assess CRF, an isometric handgrip strength test to index muscular strength, and validated measures of social cognition to index emotion perception and theory of mind (ToM). RESULTS The results showed that CRF and muscular strength did not explain any unique variance in older adults' social cognitive performance. Bayesian analyses confirmed that the evidence for the null hypothesis was moderate for all tested relationships, except for the relationship between CRF and cognitive ToM where the evidence for the null was anecdotal. DISCUSSION This study has provided the first evidence to suggest that CRF and muscular strength-two important modifiable lifestyle factors-are not associated with social cognition in healthy older adults. However, replication studies are now needed to cross-validate these findings and to clarify whether any moderating variables may be important for understanding the relationship between fitness and social cognition in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Grainger
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julie D Henry
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manikya Alister
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jessica Mead
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tom G Bailey
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalie Vear
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Tao L, Wang X, Gao S, Nie Z, Chen L, Liang W, Ding Y, Yang R. Longitudinal relationships between grip strength, subjective memory complaints and cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in China. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:2101-2108. [PMID: 37603266 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective memory complaints are considered an early sign of cognitive decline. Recent evidence shows that grip strength is an important predictor of cognitive function. However, few studies have compared whether one condition is uniquely associated with cognitive function when another condition is controlled for. AIMS To explore the longitudinal associations of cognitive function with subjective memory complaints and grip strength in middle-aged and older adults, with a particular focus on whether one condition is uniquely associated with cognitive function when another condition is considered. METHODS A total of 3,877 middle-aged and older adults (aged 45-92 years) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study reported on their demographic and health status and completed measures of grip strength and subjective memory complaints, as well as a series of cognitive tests, every two years between 2011 and 2015. Generalized estimating equation models were used to assess the relationships between grip strength, subjective memory complaints, and cognitive function. RESULTS Grip strength was longitudinally associated with cognitive function (β = 0.021, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.011, 0.030, P < 0.001) independent of subjective memory complaints. In contrast, changes in the subjective memory complaints were not related to cognitive function over time (β = 0.107, 95% CI: - 0.025, 0.238, P = 0.112). Only at baseline subjective memory complaints were associated with poorer cognitive function (β = - 1.142, 95% CI: - 1.309, - 0.975, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Grip strength might be a more important clinical correlate of cognitive function decline over time than subjective memory complaints. DISCUSSION Regular assessment and close monitoring of grip strength might help identify individuals who might be at high risk for cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tao
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Shiying Gao
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zuoting Nie
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Long Chen
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wei Liang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Yaping Ding
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Rumei Yang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Akema S, Mameno T, Nakagawa T, Inagaki H, Fukutake M, Hatta K, Murotani Y, Tsujioka Y, Hagino H, Higashi K, Takahashi T, Wada M, Maeda Y, Gondo Y, Kamide K, Kabayama M, Ishizaki T, Masui Y, Ogata S, Ikebe K. Relationship between occlusal force and psychological frailty in Japanese community-dwelling older adults: The Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:1819-1828. [PMID: 36691687 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty increases the risk of negative health-related events, such as falls, disability, hospitalizations, and death. Although the association between oral health and physical frailty is well established, the relationship between oral health and psychological frailty has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the association between maximal occlusal force and psychological frailty in Japanese community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Psychological frailty was defined as a World Health Organization-5 scale (WHO-5) score of <13, cognitive and functional status was defined as a Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) score of <23, and psychological robustness was defined as a WHO-5 score of ≥13 and a MoCA-J score of ≥23. We used a cross-sectional study design to measure maximal occlusal force in 1810 participants, and examined the following factors relevant to psychological frailty: educational level, financial status, living situation, history of chronic diseases, handgrip strength, and instrumental activities of daily living. We used propensity score matching to match the psychological frailty and psychological robustness groups according to demographic and confounding factors. This process, resulted in 344 participants, of whom 172 were in the psychological frailty group and 172 were in the psychological robustness group. In the matched cohort, differences between groups with and without psychological frailty were compared using generalized estimating equations for maximal occlusal force after adjusting for the number of teeth. RESULTS After controlling for potential confounding factors of frailty, the psychological frailty group showed lower maximal occlusal force compared with the psychological robustness group (unstandardized regression coefficients = -72.7, 95% confidence interval: -126.3 to -19.1). CONCLUSIONS Maximal occlusal force was associated with a reduced prevalence of psychological frailty among Japanese community-dwelling older adults participating in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuna Akema
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Mameno
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakagawa
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inagaki
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Fukutake
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kodai Hatta
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Murotani
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tsujioka
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hagino
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Higashi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihito Takahashi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Wada
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Gondo
- Department of Clinical Thanatology and Geriatric Behavioral Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Kamide
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mai Kabayama
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishizaki
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Masui
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soshiro Ogata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ikebe
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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Saadeh M, Xia X, Verspoor E, Welmer AK, Dekhtyar S, Vetrano DL, Fratiglioni L, Melis RJF, Calderón-Larrañaga A. Trajectories of Physical Function and Behavioral, Psychological, and Social Well-Being in a Cohort of Swedish Older Adults. Innov Aging 2023; 7:igad040. [PMID: 37360217 PMCID: PMC10287187 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Successful aging has been described as a multifactorial and dynamic process. The aims of the study were to detect aging trajectories of physical function and behavioral, psychological, and social well-being; and to explore the correlations between functional versus well-being trajectories by age group. Research Design and Methods Data were gathered from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (N = 1,375). Subjects' physical function was assessed through walking speed and chair-stand tests, behavioral well-being through participation in mental and physical activities, psychological well-being through life satisfaction and positive affect, and social well-being through social connections and support. All exposures were standardized (z-scores). Linear mixed models were used to estimate trajectories of physical function and well-being over a 12-year follow-up. Results The steepest declines were seen for physical function (relative change [RC] in z-scores across ages; RC = 3.01), followed by behavioral well-being (RC = 2.15), psychological well-being (RC = 2.01), and social well-being (RC = 0.76). Correlations between physical function and the different well-being domains were weak, especially for slopes. Stronger intercept correlations were observed among the oldest-compared to the youngest-old, especially with behavioral (r = 0.39 vs r = 0.24) and psychological (r = 0.33 vs r = 0.22) well-being. Discussion and Implications Physical function declines the fastest throughout aging. The different well-being domains decline at a slower rate, which may be a possible sign of compensation against age-related functional decline, especially among the youngest-old, for whom discordances between physical function and the different well-being domains were more common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerita Saadeh
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Xin Xia
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Eline Verspoor
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboudumc Alzheimer Centrum, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna-Karin Welmer
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Serhiy Dekhtyar
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Davide L Vetrano
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Sweden
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Sweden
| | - René J F Melis
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboudumc Alzheimer Centrum, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Sweden
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Celik HI, Unver B, Akbas E, Erdem EU. Head posture mediates the association of cognition with hand grip and pinch strength in older adults: an examination using structural equation modeling. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:324. [PMID: 37098544 PMCID: PMC10127300 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of cognition with hand grip and pinch strength has been well-recognized in older adults. The authors sought to explore: (1) associations among forward head posture (FHP), cognition, and hand grip and pinch strength in older adults; and (2) the mediator role of FHP in these pathways using structural equation modeling (SEM). METHODS This cross-sectional study included 88 older adults (70.5% male; mean age = 68.75±3.87 years). Cognition was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), head posture by the Craniovertebral Angle (CVA) obtained from photographic analysis, hand grip strength by a handheld dynamometer, and pinch strength by a pinch meter. Using the two SEMs, a potential mediator role of the CVA was investigated. While the MMSE was addressed as an independent variable in both models, hand grip and pinch strength were addressed as dependent variables in model 1 and model 2, respectively. RESULTS The correlations between the CVA and MMSE (r = 0.310), hand grip strength (r = 0.370), and pinch strength (r = 0.274 to 0.292) were statistically significant (p < 0.001). In addition, significant associations were found between the MMSE and hand grip and pinch strength, ranging from 0.307 to 0.380 (p < 0.001). The mediation analysis showed that the standardized total (β = 0.41, p < 0.001) and indirect (mediated) effects (β = 0.12, p = 0.008) of the MMSE on hand grip strength were significant in model (1) The results were similar for model (2) The standardized total (β = 0.39, p = 0.001) and indirect effects (β = 0.10, p = 0.026) of the MMSE on pinch strength were significant. As a partial mediator in both models, the CVA explained 29% and 26% of the total effect in models 1 and 2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The CVA was associated with the MMSE, hand grip strength, and pinch strength, and CVA partially mediates the association of the MMSE with grip and pinch strength in older adults, indicating that cognition had an effect on grip and pinch strength through an indirect path via head posture. This finding reveals that evaluating head posture and providing corrective therapeutic interventions as needed may be beneficial in reducing the negative impact of decreased cognition on motor functions in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Banu Unver
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eda Akbas
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Emin Ulas Erdem
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Handing EP, Jiao Y, Aichele S. Age-Related Trajectories of General Fluid Cognition and Functional Decline in the Health and Retirement Study: A Bivariate Latent Growth Analysis. J Intell 2023; 11:65. [PMID: 37103250 PMCID: PMC10144147 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been few studies on associations between age-related declines in fluid cognition and functional ability in population-representative samples of middle-aged and older adults. We used a two-stage process (longitudinal factor analysis followed by structural growth modeling) to estimate bivariate trajectories of age-related changes in general fluid cognition (numeracy, category fluency, executive functioning, and recall memory) and functional limitation (difficulties in daily activities, instrumental activities, and mobility). Data came from the Health and Retirement Study (Waves 2010-2016; N = 14,489; ages 50-85 years). Cognitive ability declined on average by -0.05 SD between ages 50-70 years, then -0.28 SD from 70-85 years. Functional limitation increased on average by +0.22 SD between ages 50-70 years, then +0.68 SD from 70-85 years. Significant individual variation in cognitive and functional changes was observed across age windows. Importantly, cognitive decline in middle age (pre-age 70 years) was strongly correlated with increasing functional limitation (r = -.49, p < .001). After middle age, cognition declined independently of change in functional limitation. To our knowledge, this is the first study to estimate age-related changes in fluid cognitive measures introduced in the HRS between 2010-2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuqin Jiao
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Stephen Aichele
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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14
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Blackwood J, Amini R, Conti G, Counseller Q, Taylor R, Fayyad D. Balance performance and grip strength as predictors of cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults in the USA. J Frailty Sarcopenia Falls 2023; 8:23-31. [PMID: 36873827 PMCID: PMC9975970 DOI: 10.22540/jfsf-08-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate how balance and grip strength predicts the probability of cognitive function impairment (i.e., executive function: mild and mild-to-moderate impairment, and delayed recall) over eight years in community-dwelling older adults in the US, controlling for sex and race/ethnicity. Methods The National Health and Aging Trends Study dataset (2011 - 2018) was employed. Dependent variables included the Clock Drawing Test (Executive Function) and Delayed Word Recall Test. Longitudinal ordered logistic regression examined the association between cognitive function and predictors (i.e., balance and grip strength) over eight waves (n=9800, 1,225 per wave). Results Those who could complete side-by-side standing and semi-tandem tasks were 33% and 38% less likely to have mild or mild-to-moderate executive function impairment, respectively, relative to those who could not complete these tests. One score decrease in grip strength increased the executive function impairment risk by 13% (Odds Ratio: 0.87, CI: 0.79-0.95). Those who completed the side-by-side tasks were 35% (Odds Ratio: 0.65, CI: 0.44-0.95) less likely to experience delayed recall impairments than those who could not complete this test. With one score decrease in grip strength, the risk of delayed recall impairment was increased by 11% (OR: 0.89, CI: 0.80-1.00). Conclusions A combination of these two simple tests (i.e., semi-tandem stance and grip strength) can screen for cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults to identify people with mild and mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Blackwood
- Physical Therapy Department, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | - Reza Amini
- Department of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | - Gerry Conti
- Occupational Therapy Department, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | - Quinn Counseller
- Occupational Therapy Department, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | - Rebekah Taylor
- Occupational Therapy Department, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | - Deena Fayyad
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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15
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Wu Z, Woods RL, Chong TT, Orchard SG, Shah RC, Wolfe R, Storey E, Sheets KM, Murray AM, McNeil JJ, Ryan J. Grip strength, gait speed, and trajectories of cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults: A prospective study. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12388. [PMID: 36815873 PMCID: PMC9927855 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction This study investigated whether grip strength and gait speed predict cognitive aging trajectories and examined potential sex-specific associations. Methods Community-dwelling older adults (n = 19,114) were followed for up to 7 years, with regular assessment of global function, episodic memory, psychomotor speed, and executive function. Group-based multi-trajectory modeling identified joint cognitive trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression examined the association of grip strength and gait speed at baseline with cognitive trajectories. Results High performers (14.3%, n = 2298) and low performers (4.0%, n = 642) were compared to the average performers (21.8%, n = 3492). Grip strength and gait speed were positively associated with high performance and negatively with low performance (P-values < 0.01). The association between grip strength and high performance was stronger in women (interaction P < 0.001), while gait speed was a stronger predictor of low performance in men (interaction P < 0.05). Discussion Grip strength and gait speed are associated with cognitive trajectories in older age, but with sex differences. Highlights There is inter-individual variability in late-life cognitive trajectories.Grip strength and gait speed predicted cognitive trajectories in older age.However, sex-specific associations were identified.In women, grip strength strongly predicted high, compared to average, trajectory.In men, gait speed was a stronger predictor of low cognitive performance trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimu Wu
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Robyn L. Woods
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Trevor T.‐J. Chong
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of NeurologyAlfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of Clinical NeurosciencesSt Vincent's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Suzanne G. Orchard
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Raj C. Shah
- Department of Family Medicine and Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Rory Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Elsdon Storey
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kerry M. Sheets
- Department of MedicineDivision of Geriatric and Palliative MedicineHennepin HealthcareMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Anne M. Murray
- Berman Center for Outcomes and Clinical ResearchMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - John J. McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Joanne Ryan
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Xiao H, Fangfang H, Qiong W, Shuai Z, Jingya Z, Xu L, Guodong S, Yan Z. The Value of Handgrip Strength and Self-Rated Squat Ability in Predicting Mild Cognitive Impairment: Development and Validation of a Prediction Model. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2023; 60:469580231155295. [PMID: 36760102 PMCID: PMC9926366 DOI: 10.1177/00469580231155295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Early identification of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is essential to combat worldwide dementia threats. Physical function indicators might be low-cost early markers for cognitive decline. To establish an early identification tool for MCI by combining physical function indicators (upper and lower limb function) via a clinical prediction modeling strategy. A total of 5393 participants aged 60 or older were included in the model. The variables selected for the model included sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral factors, mental status and chronic conditions, upper limb function (handgrip strength), and lower limb function (self-rated squat ability). Two models were developed to test the predictive value of handgrip strength (Model 1) or self-rated squat ability (Model 2) separately, and Model 3 was developed by combining handgrip strength and self-rated squat ability. The 3 models all yielded good discrimination performance (area under the curve values ranged from 0.719 to 0.732). The estimated net reclassification improvement values were 0.3279 and 0.1862 in Model 3 when comparing Model 3 to Model 1 and Model 2, respectively. The integrated discrimination improvement values were estimated as 0.0139 and 0.0128 when comparing Model 3 with Model 1 and Model 2, respectively. The model that contains both upper and lower limb function has better performance in predicting MCI. The final prediction model is expected to assist health workers in early identification of MCI, thus supporting early interventions to reduce future risk of AD, particularly in socioeconomically deprived communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | | | - Wang Qiong
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Shuai
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | | | - Lou Xu
- Anhui Professional & Technical Institute of Athletics, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Shen Guodong
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Yan
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China,Zhang Yan, School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei 230032, P.R. China.
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Serum α-Carotene, but Not Other Antioxidants, Is Positively Associated with Muscle Strength in Older Adults: NHANES 2001-2002. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122386. [PMID: 36552594 PMCID: PMC9774096 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increased reactive oxygen species that can decrease muscle strength. Thus, antioxidant substances could be positively associated with muscle strength in older adults. To investigate the association between serum antioxidants and muscle strength in older adults. A cross-sectional study evaluating 1172 individuals (627 men and 545 women), aged 50 to 85 years from NHANES 2001-2002, was performed. Carotenoids (α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin combination, trans-lycopene), vitamin E, and retinol were analyzed via the high-performance liquid chromatography method. Muscle strength was evaluated by the isokinetic knee extension test. Linear regression was performed to evaluate the association between tertiles of serum antioxidant levels and strength, adjusted for confounders (energy and protein intake, body mass index, sex, age, C-reactive protein, uric acid, race/ethnicity, marital status, annual household income, educational level, physical activity, smoking, hypertension, arthritis, and diabetes). Alpha-carotene levels (p-trend = 0.027) were positively associated with muscle strength. However, serum vitamin E, trans-β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, carotenoids, and retinol levels were not associated with strength. Serum α-carotene, but not other antioxidants, was positively associated with muscle strength in older adults.
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Usefulness of hand grip strength to estimate other physical fitness parameters in older adults. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17496. [PMID: 36261687 PMCID: PMC9581452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the status of physical fitness (PF) levels and determine whether hand grip strength (HGS) could be used to estimate other PF parameters in older adults from large population data. A total of 46,269 participants aged ≥ 65 years who participated in the 2019 National Fitness Award Project in South Korea were included in the analysis. Of the participants, 6.8% had the highest level of overall physical fitness, while 48.9% had the lowest level. The proportion of overall PF levels differed significantly according to age groups. Significant associations between HGS and other PF parameters (30-s chair stand test, 2-min or 6-min walk test, sit-and-reach test, 3-m backwards walk test, and Figure-of-8 walk test) were noted and the group with low HGS (< 28 kg for men and < 18 kg for women) had significantly higher odds of having the lowest level of overall PF (odds ratio: 5.232 in men and 6.351 in women), after adjusting for age and body mass index. HGS could estimate muscular strength and endurance, aerobic fitness, flexibility, balance skills, and coordination skills, as well as overall PF level in older adults, and could be used as a substitute test for their PF level in limited situations.
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Orchard SG, Polekhina G, Ryan J, Shah RC, Storey E, Chong TT, Lockery JE, Ward SA, Wolfe R, Nelson MR, Reid CM, Murray AM, Espinoza SE, Newman AB, McNeil JJ, Collyer TA, Callisaya ML, Woods RL. Combination of gait speed and grip strength to predict cognitive decline and dementia. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 14:e12353. [PMID: 36187193 PMCID: PMC9494608 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction To determine whether slowed gait and weakened grip strength independently, or together, better identify risk of cognitive decline or dementia. Methods Time to walk 3 meters and grip strength were measured in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial involving community-dwelling, initially cognitively healthy older adults (N = 19,114). Results Over a median 4.7 years follow-up, slow gait and weak grip strength at baseline were independently associated with risk of incident dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-1.73; and 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04-1.50, respectively) and cognitive decline (HR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.26-1.51; and 1.04, 95% CI: 0.95-1.14, respectively) and when combined, were associated with 79% and 43% increase in risk of dementia and cognitive decline, respectively. Annual declines in gait and in grip over time showed similar results. Discussion Gait speed and grip strength are low-cost markers that may be useful in the clinical setting to help identify and manage individuals at greater risk, or with early signs, of dementia, particularly when measured together. Highlights Grip strength and gait speed are effective predictors and markers of dementia.Dementia risk is greater than cognitive decline risk with declines in gait or grip.Decline in gait speed, more so than in grip strength, predicts greater dementia risk.Greater risk prediction results from combining grip strength and gait speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne G. Orchard
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Galina Polekhina
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Joanne Ryan
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Raj C. Shah
- Department of Family Medicine and Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Elsdon Storey
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Trevor T.‐J. Chong
- School of Psychological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Department of NeurologyAlfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of Clinical NeurosciencesSt. Vincent's HospitalFitzroyVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jessica E. Lockery
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology ThemeSchool of Health and Biomedical SciencesUniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Stephanie A. Ward
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA)School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South Wales, KensingtonSydneyAustralia,Department of Geriatric MedicinePrince of Wales HospitalRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Mark R. Nelson
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Christopher M. Reid
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,School of Public Health, Curtin University, BentleyPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Anne M. Murray
- Berman Center for Outcomes and Clinical ResearchHennepin Health Research Institute and Hennepin Healthcare, and University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Sara E. Espinoza
- Division of GeriatricsGerontology and Palliative MedicineSam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUT Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA,Geriatrics ResearchEducation and Clinical CenterSouth Texas Veterans Health Care SystemSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Anne B. Newman
- Department of EpidemiologyGraduate School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - John J. McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Taya A. Collyer
- Peninsula Clinical SchoolCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityFrankstonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Michele L. Callisaya
- Peninsula Clinical SchoolCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityFrankstonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Robyn L. Woods
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Chang M, Geirsdottir OG, Eymundsdottir H, Thorsdottir I, Jonsson PV, Ramel A. Association between baseline handgrip strength and cognitive function assessed before and after a 12-week resistance exercise intervention among community-living older adults. AGING AND HEALTH RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2022.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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21
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Angel B, Ajnakina O, Albala C, Lera L, Márquez C, Leipold L, Bilovich A, Dobson R, Bendayan R. Grip Strength Trajectories and Cognition in English and Chilean Older Adults: A Cross-Cohort Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1230. [PMID: 36013179 PMCID: PMC9410389 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence about the link between cognitive and physical decline suggests the early changes in physical functioning as a potential biomarker for cognitive impairment. Thus, we compared grip-strength trajectories over 12-16 years in three groups classified according to their cognitive status (two stable patterns, normal and impaired cognitive performance, and a declining pattern) in two representative UK and Chilean older adult samples. The samples consisted of 7069 UK (ELSA) and 1363 Chilean participants (ALEXANDROS). Linear Mixed models were performed. Adjustments included socio-demographics and health variables. The Declined and Impaired group had significantly lower grip-strength at baseline when compared to the Non-Impaired. In ELSA, the Declined and Impaired showed a faster decline in their grip strength compared to the Non-Impaired group but differences disappeared in the fully adjusted models. In ALEXANDROS, the differences were only found between the Declined and Non-Impaired and they were partially attenuated by covariates. Our study provides robust evidence of the association between grip strength and cognitive performance and how socio-economic factors might be key to understanding this association and their variability across countries. This has implications for future epidemiological research, as hand-grip strength measurements have the potential to be used as an indicator of cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Angel
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (B.A.); (L.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Olesya Ajnakina
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (O.A.); (L.L.); (R.D.); (R.B.)
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Cecilia Albala
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (B.A.); (L.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Lydia Lera
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (B.A.); (L.L.); (C.M.)
- Latin Division, Keiser University eCampus, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33409, USA
| | - Carlos Márquez
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (B.A.); (L.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Leona Leipold
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (O.A.); (L.L.); (R.D.); (R.B.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley, NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Avri Bilovich
- Centre for the Study of Decision-Making Uncertainty, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Richard Dobson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (O.A.); (L.L.); (R.D.); (R.B.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley, NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2PG, UK
| | - Rebecca Bendayan
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (O.A.); (L.L.); (R.D.); (R.B.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley, NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
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22
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Liu Y, Chang Q, Xia Y, Zhao Y. Longitudinal Associations Between Household Solid Fuel Use and Handgrip Strength in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Individuals: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:881759. [PMID: 35844851 PMCID: PMC9280178 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.881759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Household solid fuel have been associated with changes of handgrip strength (HGS). However, no study has explored the longitudinal associations between household solid fuel use and HGS. Thus, the aim of our cohort study was to investigate the longitudinal associations between household fuel use and HGS. Methods The study was based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. A handheld dynamometer was used to measure HGS. Household fuel use statuses were collected using questionnaires. Analyses of covariance were performed to examine the associations between household fuel use and HGS. Results The study included 9,382 participants during a 4-year follow-up. The participants who used solid fuel for cooking had more decreases of HGS than those who used clean fuel (P < 0.0001). The least square means (95% CIs) of changes of HGS for participants who used solid fuel and those who used clean fuel for cooking were −1.67 (−2.15, −1.19) and−2.27 (−2.75, −1.79), respectively. The association between fuel use for heating and HGS was non-significant (P = 0.63). The interaction terms of sex to cooking fuel (P = 0.04) and smoking to cooking fuel (P < 0.001) were significant; men and participants who had ever smoked had higher decreases in HGS. Conclusion Using household solid fuel for cooking but not heating was associated with more decreases in HGS. Proper ventilation and clean fuel should be promoted for public health.
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Homing in on cognition with cross-sectional analysis of sarcopenia-related measurements: the SARCOG study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:2149-2154. [PMID: 35583720 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment may cause significant decline in muscle function and physical performance via affecting the neuromotor control. AIM To investigate the relationship between cognition and sarcopenia-related parameters in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS Demographic data and comorbidities of adults ≥ 45-year-old were noted. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to evaluate global cognitive function. Sonographic anterior midthigh muscle thickness, handgrip strength, chair stand test (CST) and gait speed were measured. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was established if low muscle mass was combined with low muscle function. Dynapenia was defined as low grip strength or increased CST duration. RESULTS Among 1542 subjects (477 M, 1065 F), sarcopenia and dynapenia were detected in 22.6 and 17.2% of males, and 17.2 and 25.3% of females, respectively. Sarcopenic patients were older and had higher body mass index, higher frequencies of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity. They had lower muscle thickness, grip strength in males only, CST performance in females only and gait speed than the other groups (all p < 0.05). Sarcopenic and dynapenic patients had similar MMSE scores which were lower than those of normal subjects (both p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, MMSE values were positively related with grip strength in females only, CST performance and gait speed (all p < 0.001); but not with muscle thickness in either gender. CONCLUSION Cognitive impairment may unfavorably affect muscle function and physical performance, but not muscle mass. Accordingly, its prompt management can help to decrease patient morbidity and mortality.
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Weak Hand Grip Strength Is Associated with Alexithymia in Outpatients in a Mexican Population. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050576. [PMID: 35624963 PMCID: PMC9138985 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand grip strength has been considered as a possible marker for metabolic and psychiatric disease. To date, however, no research has focused on the association between alexithymia and hand grip strength. The objective of the present study was to investigate the correct association between hand grip strength and alexithymia. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Comalcalco, Tabasco, México. A total of 246 individuals were included. Hand grip strength was evaluated in the dominant hand using a Takei® portable digital dynamometer. Alexithymia was measured using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Two linear regression models adjusted by confounders were used to determine the association between alexithymia and hand grip strength. The rate for positive alexithymia was 39.0% (n = 94). Individuals with alexithymia showed a weaker hand grip strength than the comparison group (t = 2.4, 244 df, p = 0.01). Individuals with alexithymia had significantly reduced levels of hand grip strength (β = −0.39 ± 0.14; p = 0.006); after additional adjustment for clinical variables, decreased hand grip strength remained (β = 8.00 ± 1.86; p ≤ 0.001). Our results suggest that a decrease in hand grip strength could be associated with alexithymia. This measurement could be useful as a predictive marker for the identification of alexithymia in Mexican individuals who attend outpatient clinics.
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Blodgett JM, Cooper R, Davis DHJ, Kuh D, Hardy R. Associations of Word Memory, Verbal Fluency, Processing Speed, and Crystallized Cognitive Ability With One-Legged Balance Performance in Mid- and Later Life. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:807-816. [PMID: 34125203 PMCID: PMC8974350 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive integration of sensory input and motor output plays an important role in balance. Despite this, it is not clear if specific cognitive processes are associated with balance and how these associations change with age. We examined longitudinal associations of word memory, verbal fluency, search speed, and reading ability with repeated measures of one-legged balance performance. METHOD Up to 2 934 participants in the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, a British birth cohort study, were included. At age 53, word memory, verbal fluency, search speed, and reading ability were assessed. One-legged balance times (eyes closed) were measured at ages 53, 60-64, and 69 years. Associations between each cognitive measure and balance time were assessed using random-effects models. Adjustments were made for sex, death, attrition, height, body mass index, health conditions, health behaviors, education, and occupational class. RESULTS In sex-adjusted models, 1 SD higher scores in word memory, search speed, and verbal fluency were associated with 14.1% (95% CI: 11.3, 16.8), 7.2% (4.4, 9.9), and 10.3% (7.5, 13.0) better balance times at age 53, respectively. Higher reading scores were associated with better balance, although this association plateaued. Associations were partially attenuated in mutually adjusted models and effect sizes were smaller at ages 60-64 and 69. In fully adjusted models, associations were largely explained by education, although remained for word memory and search speed. CONCLUSIONS Higher cognitive performance across all measures was independently associated with better balance performance in midlife. Identification of individual cognitive mechanisms involved in balance could lead to opportunities for targeted interventions in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Cooper
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | | | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
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26
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Kunutsor SK, Isiozor NM, Voutilainen A, Laukkanen JA. Handgrip strength and risk of cognitive outcomes: new prospective study and meta-analysis of 16 observational cohort studies. GeroScience 2022; 44:2007-2024. [PMID: 35013908 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Handgrip strength (HGS), a measure of muscular strength, might be a risk indicator for cognitive functioning, but the evidence is not consistent. Using a new prospective study and meta-analysis of published observational cohort studies, we aimed to evaluate the prospective associations of HGS with poor cognitive outcomes including cognitive impairment, dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Handgrip strength, measured using a Martin-Balloon-Vigorimeter, was assessed at baseline in a population-based sample of 852 men and women with good cognitive function in the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease cohort. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for cognitive outcomes. Relevant published studies were sought in MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science from inception until October 2021 and pooled using random effects meta-analysis. During a median follow-up of 16.6 years, 229 dementia cases were recorded. Comparing extreme tertiles of HGS, the multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) for dementia, AD and vascular dementia was 0.77 (0.55-1.07), 0.75 (0.52-1.10) and 0.49 (0.16-1.48), respectively. In a meta-analysis of 16 population-based prospective cohort studies (including the current study) comprising 180,920 participants, the pooled multivariable adjusted relative risks (95% CIs) comparing the top vs bottom thirds of HGS levels were as follows: 0.58 (0.52-0.65) for cognitive impairment; 0.37 (0.07-1.85) for cognitive decline; 0.73 (0.62-0.86) for dementia; 0.68 (0.53-0.87) for AD; and 0.48 (0.32-0.73) for vascular dementia. GRADE quality of evidence ranged from low to very low. Meta-analysis of aggregate prospective data suggests that HGS may be a risk indicator for poor cognitive outcomes such as cognitive impairment, dementia and AD. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO 2021: CRD42021237750.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setor K Kunutsor
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. .,Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building (Level 1), Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK. .,Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4WP, UK. .,Department of Medicine, Central Finland Health Care District Hospital District, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Nzechukwu M Isiozor
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ari Voutilainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari A Laukkanen
- Department of Medicine, Central Finland Health Care District Hospital District, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Lin SM, Apolinário D, Vieira Gomes GC, Cassales Tosi F, Magaldi RM, Busse AL, Gil G, Ribeiro E, Satomi E, Aprahamian I, Filho WJ, Suemoto CK. Association of Cognitive Performance with Frailty in Older Individuals with Cognitive Complaints. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:89-95. [PMID: 35067709 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1712-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Frailty is a risk factor for poor cognitive performance in older adults. However, few studies have evaluated the association of cognitive performance with frailty in a low- to middle-income country (LMIC). This study aimed to investigate an association between cognitive performance and frailty in older adults with memory complaints in Brazil. Secondarily, we aim to assess an association of cognitive performance with gait speed and grip strength. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Outpatient service from a LMIC. PARTICIPANTS Older adults with memory complaints reported by the participants, their proxies, or their physicians. MEASUREMENTS Frailty was evaluated using the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. A neuropsychological battery evaluated memory, attention, language, visuospatial function, executive function. Linear regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, and education was used. We also evaluated the interaction of education with frailty, grip strength, and gait speed. RESULTS Prefrailty was associated with poor performance in the memory domain, as well as slower gait speed was associated with worse performance in memory, attention, language, and executive function. Frailty and grip strength were not associated with cognitive performance. Interactions of education with gait speed were significant for global performance, as well as for attention and visuospatial ability. CONCLUSION In elderly patients with memory complaints, prefrailty was associated with poor memory performance. Slowness was associated with poorer performance in some cognitive domains, mainly in participants with low education.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lin
- Claudia K. Suemoto, Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Doutor Arnaldo, 455, room 1353, São Paulo, Brazil., Phone number: +551130618725, E-mail:
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28
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Relationship among the quality of cognitive abilities, depression symptoms, and various aspects of handgrip strength in the elderly. VOJNOSANIT PREGL 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/vsp200811109j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim. Both the cognitive and physical functioning changes occur within the normal aging, suggesting possible common biological processes. The aging process is often characterized by a reduction of adaptive responses, an increasing vulnerability and functional limitations. The aim of this study was to determine if there were correlations between particular cognitive abilities (verbal ability, spatial ability, processing speed, memory, verbal fluency, divergent thinking, memory, attention, executive functions, conceptualization, orientation, computation), depression symptoms and different dynamometric parameters of muscle contraction, during handgrip (HG) of both hands, in the elderly population. Methods. The sample consisted of 98 participants, 16 males and 82 females, aged from 65 to 85. Neuropsychological assessment included Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Frontal Function Test (Go/No-Go), Categorical and Phonemic fluency tests and Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-SF). Physical measures were assessed by Handgrip Dynamometry Tests (HG), and included: the maximum force (Fmax), maximal rate of force development (RFDmax), static endurance HG time realized at 50% of maximal HG force (tFmax50%) of dominant (Do) and non-dominant (NDo) hand. Results. Higher MoCA score was followed by higher values of muscle endurance of dominant hands. Higher values of F max of dominant hand were associated with higher values of Alternating Trail Making that is by visuoconstructive abilities (MoCA). The variable Categorical fluency was in a small, positive correlation with Fmax. No correlation of depressive symptoms with HG parameters was found except in the subgroup of female subjects. Conclusion. Better cognitive performance was associated with better HG muscle strength. Therefore, HG strength can be a useful tool in geriatric practice in monitoring not only physical, but also cognitive function status and de-cline. The link between lower cognitive functioning and lower values of HG variables, emphasize the need for in-creased awareness about it in clinical practice.
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Schaefer SY, Duff K, Hooyman A, Hoffman JM. Improving Prediction of Amyloid Deposition in Mild Cognitive Impairment With a Timed Motor Task. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2022; 37:15333175211048262. [PMID: 35200059 PMCID: PMC10666206 DOI: 10.1177/15333175211048262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cortical amyloid deposition is one of the hallmark biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, given how cost- and time-intensive amyloid imaging can be, there is a continued need for a low-cost, non-invasive, and accessible enrichment strategy to pre-screen individuals for their likelihood of amyloid prior to imaging. Previous work supports the use of coordinated limb movement as a potential screening tool, even after controlling for cognitive and daily function. Thirty-six patients diagnosed with amnestic mild cognitive impairment over the age of 65 underwent 18F-Flutemetamol amyloid-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and then completed a timed motor task involving upper limb coordination. This task takes ∼5 minutes to administer and score. Multivariate linear regression and receiver operator characteristic analyses showed that including motor task performance improved model prediction of amyloid burden. Results support the rationale for including functional upper extremity motor assessment as a cost- and time-effective means to screen participants for amyloid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Y. Schaefer
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kevin Duff
- Center for Alzheimer’s Care, Imaging, and Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrew Hooyman
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - John M. Hoffman
- Center for Alzheimer’s Care, Imaging, and Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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30
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Mundell NL, Owen PJ, Dalla Via J, Macpherson H, Daly RM, Fraser SF. Does androgen deprivation impact associations between cognition and strength, fitness and function in community-dwelling men with prostate cancer? A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e058478. [PMID: 36415046 PMCID: PMC8719205 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated whether there were differences in associations between cognition with muscle strength, fitness and function in men with prostate cancer (PCa) treated with, and without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and non-PCa controls. A secondary aim was to compare differences in the prevalence of cognitive impairment. DESIGN This cross-sectional study compared 70 ADT-treated men with PCa aged 50-85 years to non-ADT-treated men (n=52) and non-PCa controls (n=70). SETTING University clinical exercise laboratory. INTERVENTIONS Nil. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Standardised assessments were conducted for cognition (learning, memory, attention, processing speed and executive function), muscle strength (grip strength and leg press), fitness (400 m walk), gait speed (4 m walk) and dual-tasking mobility (timed-up-and-go with a cognitive task). RESULTS ADT-treated men showed stronger associations between fitness and executive function and task switching relative to controls (both: p≤0.03). For both PCa groups (independent of ADT use), poorer dual-task mobility was more strongly associated with decreased psychomotor attention (both: p≤0.027) and global cognitive function (both: p≤0.031) compared with non-PCa controls. The overall prevalence of cognitive impairment was low (4%-13%) and did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The presence of PCa, with or without ADT treatment, did not increase the risk of cognitive impairment relative to non-PCa controls, yet did alter the associations between physical fitness and some measures of functional performance with certain cognitive domains. This highlights the importance of men with PCa maintaining fitness and functional capacity to optimise cognitive health. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This study was registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12614000317695).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh L Mundell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick J Owen
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jack Dalla Via
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve F Fraser
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Kim H, Kim SH, Jeong W, Jang SI, Park EC, Kim Y. Association between change in handgrip strength and cognitive function in Korean adults: a longitudinal panel study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:671. [PMID: 34852792 PMCID: PMC8638365 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscular function, such as handgrip strength, has been suggested as an associated factor for cognitive impairment. This study investigated the association between temporal change in handgrip strength and cognitive function using longitudinal, nationwide data from Korean older adults. METHODS Our study used data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). The analysis covered 6696 participants who had taken the handgrip strength test and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) from 2006 to 2018. We adopted general estimating equations to assess the temporal effect of handgrip strength change on cognitive function. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, we observed an association between handgrip strength and low MMSE scores (β = - 0.3142 in men, β = - 0.2685 in women). Handgrip strength as a continuous variable was positively correlated with MMSE scores after adjustment (β = 0.0293 in men, β = 0.0347 in women). The group with decreased handgrip strength over time also showed greater odds for mild cognitive impairment (OR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.05-1.27 in men, OR = 1.15, 95%CI = 1.05-1.27 in women) and dementia (OR = 1.393, 95%CI = 1.18-1.65 in men, OR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.08-1.32 in women). CONCLUSIONS This study identified the relationship between handgrip strength change and cognitive function among South Korean adults. According to our large, longitudinal sample, decreasing handgrip strength was associated with decline in cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkyu Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjeong Jeong
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-In Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youseok Kim
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Hospital administration, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Watermeyer T, Massa F, Goerdten J, Stirland L, Johansson B, Muniz-Terrera G. Cognitive Dispersion Predicts Grip Strength Trajectories in Men but not Women in a Sample of the Oldest Old Without Dementia. Innov Aging 2021; 5:igab025. [PMID: 34549095 PMCID: PMC8448440 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Grip strength is a reliable marker of biological vitality and it typically demonstrates an expected decline in older adults. According to the common-cause hypothesis, there is also a significant association between cognitive and physical function in older adults. Some specific cognitive functions have been shown to be associated with grip strength trajectories with most research solely focused on cutoff points or mean cognitive performance. In the present study, we examine whether a measure of cognitive dispersion might be more informative. We therefore used an index that quantifies dispersion in cognitive scores across multiple cognitive tests, shown to be associated with detrimental outcomes in older adults. Research Design and Methods Using repeated grip strength measures from men and women aged 80 and older, free of dementia in the OCTO-Twin study, we estimated aging-related grip strength trajectories. We examined the association of cognitive dispersion and mean cognitive function with grip strength level and aging-related rate of change, accounting for known risk factors. Results Cognitive dispersion was associated with grip strength trajectories in men and the association varied by mean cognitive performance, whereas we found no association in women. Discussion and Implications Our results provide evidence of a sex-specific vitality association between cognitive dispersion and aging-related trajectories of grip strength. Our results support the call for integration of sex and gender in health promotion and intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamlyn Watermeyer
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Fernando Massa
- Instituto de Estadistica, Universidad de la Republica del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jantje Goerdten
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lucy Stirland
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Boo Johansson
- Department of Psychology & Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), University of Gothenburg, Goethenburg, Sweden
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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33
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Schaefer SY, Hooyman A, Duff K. Using a Timed Motor Task to Predict One-Year Functional Decline in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:53-58. [PMID: 32651327 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Affordable, noninvasive methods of predicting functional decline are needed for individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease. This study tested whether a timed upper-extremity motor task predicted functional decline over one year in 79 adults diagnosed with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Participants completed subjective and objective measures of daily functioning at baseline and one year later. Motor task performance and delayed memory were also evaluated at baseline. Motor task performance was a significant predictor of one-year follow-up daily functioning, improving model fits by 18- 35%. Thus, motor behavior has potential to be an affordable enrichment strategy that is sensitive to functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Y Schaefer
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Andrew Hooyman
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kevin Duff
- Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging, and Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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34
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Zammit AR, Piccinin AM, Duggan EC, Koval A, Clouston S, Robitaille A, Brown CL, Handschuh P, Wu C, Jarry V, Finkel D, Graham RB, Muniz-Terrera G, Praetorius Björk M, Bennett D, Deeg DJ, Johansson B, Katz MJ, Kaye J, Lipton RB, Martin M, Pederson NL, Spiro A, Zimprich D, Hofer SM. A Coordinated Multi-study Analysis of the Longitudinal Association Between Handgrip Strength and Cognitive Function in Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:229-241. [PMID: 31187137 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Handgrip strength, an indicator of overall muscle strength, has been found to be associated with slower rate of cognitive decline and decreased risk for cognitive impairment and dementia. However, evaluating the replicability of associations between aging-related changes in physical and cognitive functioning is challenging due to differences in study designs and analytical models. A multiple-study coordinated analysis approach was used to generate new longitudinal results based on comparable construct-level measurements and identical statistical models and to facilitate replication and research synthesis. METHODS We performed coordinated analysis on 9 cohort studies affiliated with the Integrative Analysis of Longitudinal Studies of Aging and Dementia (IALSA) research network. Bivariate linear mixed models were used to examine associations among individual differences in baseline level, rate of change, and occasion-specific variation across grip strength and indicators of cognitive function, including mental status, processing speed, attention and working memory, perceptual reasoning, verbal ability, and learning and memory. Results were summarized using meta-analysis. RESULTS After adjustment for covariates, we found an overall moderate association between change in grip strength and change in each cognitive domain for both males and females: Average correlation coefficient was 0.55 (95% CI = 0.44-0.56). We also found a high level of heterogeneity in this association across studies. DISCUSSION Meta-analytic results from nine longitudinal studies showed consistently positive associations between linear rates of change in grip strength and changes in cognitive functioning. Future work will benefit from the examination of individual patterns of change to understand the heterogeneity in rates of aging and health-related changes across physical and cognitive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R Zammit
- Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Emily C Duggan
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Canada
| | - Andriy Koval
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Canada
| | - Sean Clouston
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York
| | - Annie Robitaille
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Philipp Handschuh
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Chenkai Wu
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Health Sciences and Practice, New York Medical College, Valhalla.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis
| | - Valérie Jarry
- Research Center on Aging, Integrated Academic Health Center and Social Services in the Eastern Townships, Sherbrooke, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Deborah Finkel
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Southeast, New Albany
| | | | | | - Marcus Praetorius Björk
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Ageing and Health, AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dorly J Deeg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Boo Johansson
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Centre for Ageing and Health, AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mindy J Katz
- Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jeffrey Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Richard B Lipton
- Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Mike Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nancy L Pederson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Avron Spiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts.,Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), Department of Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Zimprich
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Scott M Hofer
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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35
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O'Keefe P, Mann FD, Clouston S, Voll S, Muniz-Terrera G, Lewis N, Wanström L, Hofer SM, Rodgers JL. Getting a Grip on Secular Changes: Age-Period-Cohort modeling of grip strength in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:1413-1420. [PMID: 34244743 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grip strength is a popular and valuable measure in studies of physical functional capabilities in old-age. The influence of historical trends and differential period-specific exposures can complicate the interpretation of biomarkers of aging and health and requires careful analysis and interpretation of ageing, birth cohort, and period effects. The current study evaluates the effects of aging, period, and cohort on grip strength in a population of adults and older adults. METHODS We use >27,000 observations for individuals ≥50 years of age, born in approximately 1910-1960, from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging to examine a variety of multilevel and cross-classified modeling approaches to evaluate age, period, and cohort effects. Our results extended Hierarchical Age Period Cohort modeling and compared our results with a set of nine sub-models with explicit assumptions to determine the most reliable modeling approach. RESULTS Findings suggest grip strength is primarily related to age, with minimal evidence of either period and/or cohort effects. Each year's increase in a person's age was associated with a 0.40-kilogram decrease in grip strength, though this decline differs by gender. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that as a population ages, grip strength declines at a systematic and predictable rate equal to -0.40-kilograms per year (approximately -.50-kg for men and -.30-kg for women) in residents of England aged 50 and older. Age-effects were predominant and most consistent across methodologies. While there was some evidence for cohort effects, such effects were minimal and therefore indicative that grip strength is a consistent physiological biomarker of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank D Mann
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University
| | - Sean Clouston
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University
| | - Stacey Voll
- Institute in Aging & Lifelong Health, University of Victoria
| | | | - Nathan Lewis
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria; Institute in Aging & Lifelong Health, University of Victoria
| | | | - Scott M Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University; Institute in Aging & Lifelong Health, University of Victoria
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36
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He H, Lu H, Liu S, Cai J, Tang X, Mo C, Xu X, Chen Q, Xu M, Nong C, Liu Q, Zhang J, Qin J, Zhang Z. Effects of the association between APOE rs405509 polymorphisms and gene-environment interactions on hand grip strength among middle-aged and elderly people in a rural population in southern China. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:372. [PMID: 34116692 PMCID: PMC8194121 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hand grip strength is a complex phenotype. The current study aimed to identify the effects of the association between APOE rs405509 polymorphisms and gene-environment interactions on hand grip strength among middle-aged and elderly people in a rural population in Gongcheng, southern China. Methods APOE rs405509 polymorphisms in 1724 participants (695 men and 1029 women, aged 45–97 years old) were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 21.0 and Plink 1.90. Results The APOE rs405509 G allele was associated with lower hand grip strength in all participants (β = −1.04, P value <0.001), and the correlation seemed to be even stronger among women. A significant gene-environment interaction was observed between APOE rs405509 and smoking, especially in men. The hand grip strength of male smokers carrying the GG genotype was significantly higher than that of nonsmokers (P value = 0.004). Conclusions APOE rs405509 polymorphisms might be genetic factors that affect hand grip strength in a rural population in Gongcheng, southern China. The APOE rs405509-smoking interaction has an impact on hand grip strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu He
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Department of Quality Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Huaxiang Lu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.,Department of Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, 18 Jinzhou Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shuzhen Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jiansheng Cai
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xu Tang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chunbao Mo
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xia Xu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Quanhui Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Min Xu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chuntao Nong
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qiumei Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian Qin
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. .,School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, 20 Lequn Road, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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37
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Shaughnessy KA, Hackney KJ, Clark BC, Kraemer WJ, Terbizan DJ, Bailey RR, McGrath R. A Narrative Review of Handgrip Strength and Cognitive Functioning: Bringing a New Characteristic to Muscle Memory. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 73:1265-1278. [PMID: 31929158 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measures of handgrip strength have not only emerged as a clinically viable screening tool for determining risk for morbidity, functional disability, and early mortality, but also for helping to identify cognitive deficits. However, the phenomena that links low handgrip strength with cognitive decline remains unclear. The role of the muscular and neural systems, and their adaptations to muscle strengthening activities over the life course, may provide important information for how age-related changes to muscle mass, strength, and neural capacity influence cognition. Moreover, disentangling how handgrip strength and cognitive function are associated may help to inform healthcare providers working with aging adults and guide targeted interventions aiming to preserve muscle and cognitive functioning. OBJECTIVE To 1) highlight and summarize evidence examining the associations of handgrip strength and cognitive functioning, and 2) provide directions for future research in this area. METHODS Articles from the PubMed database were searched from November 2018-May 2019. The search term algorithm, inclusion and exclusion criteria were pre-specified by investigators. RESULTS Several cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have revealed that measures of handgrip strength were associated with cognitive declines regardless of age demographics and the presence of comorbidities. CONCLUSION Handgrip strength can be used in clinical and epidemiological settings for helping to determine the onset and progression of cognitive impairment. Future research should continue to examine how handgrip strength and cognitive function are linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Shaughnessy
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kyle J Hackney
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Brian C Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - William J Kraemer
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Donna J Terbizan
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Ryan R Bailey
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan McGrath
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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38
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Koscik TR, van der Plas E, Gutmann L, Cumming SA, Monckton DG, Magnotta V, Shields RK, Nopoulos PC. White matter microstructure relates to motor outcomes in myotonic dystrophy type 1 independently of disease duration and genetic burden. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4886. [PMID: 33649422 PMCID: PMC7921687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits in white matter (WM) integrity and motor symptoms are among the most robust and reproducible features of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). In the present study, we investigate whether WM integrity, obtained from diffusion-weighted MRI, corresponds to quantifiable motor outcomes (e.g., fine motor skills and grip strength) and patient-reported, subjective motor deficits. Critically, we explore these relationships in the context of other potentially causative variables, including: disease duration, elapsed time since motor symptom onset; and genetic burden, the number of excessive CTG repeats causing DM1. We found that fractional anisotropy (a measure of WM integrity) throughout the cerebrum was the strongest predictor of grip strength independently of disease duration and genetic burden, while radial diffusivity predicted fine motor skill (peg board performance). Axial diffusivity did not predict motor outcomes. Our results are consistent with the notion that systemic degradation of WM in DM1 mediates the relationship between DM1 progression and genetic burden with motor outcomes of the disease. Our results suggest that tracking changes in WM integrity over time may be a valuable biomarker for tracking therapeutic interventions, such as future gene therapies, for DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Koscik
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Ellen van der Plas
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Laurie Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Sarah A Cumming
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Darren G Monckton
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Vincent Magnotta
- Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Richard K Shields
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Peggy C Nopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
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39
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Cui M, Zhang S, Liu Y, Gang X, Wang G. Grip Strength and the Risk of Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Cohort Studies. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:625551. [PMID: 33613270 PMCID: PMC7890203 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.625551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Loss of grip strength and cognitive impairment are prevalent in the elderly, and they may share the pathogenesis in common. Several original studies have investigated the association between them, but the results remained controversial. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to quantitatively determine the relationship between baseline grip strength and the risk of cognitive impairment and provide evidence for clinical work. Methods: We performed a systematic review using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science up to March 23, 2020, and focused on the association between baseline grip strength and onset of cognitive impairment. Next, we conducted a meta-analysis using a hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as effect measures. Heterogeneity between the studies was examined using I2 and p-value. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were also performed, and publication bias was assessed by Begg's and Egger's tests. Results: Fifteen studies were included in this systematic review. After sensitivity analyses, poorer grip strength was associated with more risk of cognitive decline and dementia (HR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.71–2.32; HR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.32–1.79, respectively). Furthermore, subgroup analysis indicated that people with poorer strength had more risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non-AD dementia (HR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.09–1.81; HR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.10–1.91, respectively). Conclusions: Lower grip strength is associated with more risk of onset of cognitive decline and dementia despite of subtype of dementia. We should be alert for the individuals with poor grip strength and identify cognitive dysfunction early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhao Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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40
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Kwak SE, Bae JH, Lee JH, Shin HE, Zhang D, Cho SC, Song W. Effects of exercise-induced beta-hydroxybutyrate on muscle function and cognitive function. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14497. [PMID: 33547753 PMCID: PMC7865404 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that exercise improves skeletal muscle and cognitive function by stimulating the secretion of numerous molecules. In particular, previous studies have suggested that exercise-induced beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) release might improve skeletal muscle and cognitive function, but to date these studies have been limited to cell and animal models. Therefore, we aimed to determine how an exercise-induced increase in BHB affects skeletal muscle and cognitive function at a cellular level, in an animal model, and in humans. The effects of BHB on skeletal muscle and cognitive function were determined by treating C2C12 and C6 cell lines with BHB, and by measuring the skeletal muscle and serum BHB concentrations in aged mice after endurance or resistance exercise. In addition, serum BHB concentration was measured before and after high-speed band exercise in elderly people, and its relationships with muscle and cognitive function were analyzed. We found that BHB increased cell viability and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression level in C6 cells, and endurance exercise, but not resistance exercise, increased the muscle BHB concentration in aged mice. Furthermore, the BHB concentration was positively related to skeletal muscle and cognitive function. Exercise did not increase the serum BHB concentration in the elderly people and BHB did not correlate with cognitive function, but after excluding the five people with the highest preexisting serum concentrations of BHB, the BHB concentrations of the remaining participants were increased by exercise, and the concentration showed a tendency toward a positive correlation with cognitive function. Thus, the BHB released by skeletal muscle following endurance exercise may improve muscle and cognitive function in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Eun Kwak
- Institute of Sport ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jun Hyun Bae
- Institute of Sport ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Ji Heun Lee
- Institute of Sport ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Hyung Eun Shin
- Institute of Sport ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - DiDi Zhang
- Institute of Sport ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | | | - Wook Song
- Institute of Sport ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Institue on AgingSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
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Nahas PC, Rossato LT, de Branco FMS, Azeredo CM, Rinaldi AEM, de Oliveira EP. Serum uric acid is positively associated with muscle strength in older men and women: Findings from NHANES 1999-2002. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4386-4393. [PMID: 33485707 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the causes of strength loss in older adults is the increased oxidative stress; thus, substances with antioxidants properties may have protective effects on muscle strength. Uric acid (UA) is an important antioxidant and it seems to be positively associated with muscle strength in older adults; however, the current evidence is still limited. AIM To investigate whether serum UA is associated with muscle strength in older men and women. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed evaluating older adults aged from 50 to 85 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000 and 2001-2002. A total of 2361 individuals (1256 men and 1105 women) were evaluated. The peak isokinetic knee extensor strength was assessed by kinetic communicator isokinetic dynamometer; while UA levels were measured by colorimetric method. Linear regression analyses were performed to estimate the coefficients and 95% confidence intervals for muscle strength by quintiles of UA levels, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS In the unadjusted analyses, serum UA was positively associated with peak force in men and total sample, but not in women. However, after adjustments for confounders, UA levels were positively associated with peak force in total sample (p-trend = 0.007), men (p-trend = 0.044) and women (p-trend = 0.016). CONCLUSION Serum UA is positively associated with muscle strength in older men and women. These results suggest that UA levels seem to be a protective factor for muscle strength in older adults independent of the sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C Nahas
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Exercise and Health (LaNES), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luana T Rossato
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Exercise and Health (LaNES), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávia M S de Branco
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Exercise and Health (LaNES), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Catarina M Azeredo
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa M Rinaldi
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Erick P de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Exercise and Health (LaNES), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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42
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McQuail JA, Dunn AR, Stern Y, Barnes CA, Kempermann G, Rapp PR, Kaczorowski CC, Foster TC. Cognitive Reserve in Model Systems for Mechanistic Discovery: The Importance of Longitudinal Studies. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:607685. [PMID: 33551788 PMCID: PMC7859530 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.607685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this review article is to provide a resource for longitudinal studies, using animal models, directed at understanding and modifying the relationship between cognition and brain structure and function throughout life. We propose that forthcoming longitudinal studies will build upon a wealth of knowledge gleaned from prior cross-sectional designs to identify early predictors of variability in cognitive function during aging, and characterize fundamental neurobiological mechanisms that underlie the vulnerability to, and the trajectory of, cognitive decline. Finally, we present examples of biological measures that may differentiate mechanisms of the cognitive reserve at the molecular, cellular, and network level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A McQuail
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Amy R Dunn
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Carol A Barnes
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers (HZ), Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter R Rapp
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurocognitive Aging Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Thomas C Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Midorikawa M, Suzuki H, Suzuki Y, Yamauchi K, Sato H, Nemoto K, Sugano Y, Iwasaki H, Sekiya M, Yatoh S, Yahagi N, Hada Y, Arai T, Shimano H. Relationships between Cognitive Function and Odor Identification, Balance Capability, and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged Persons with and without Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:9961612. [PMID: 34660814 PMCID: PMC8516531 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9961612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We investigated the relationship between cognitive function and olfactory and physical functions in middle-aged persons with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) to examine the potential of olfactory and physical functions as biomarkers for early cognitive impairment. METHODS Enrolled were 70 T2D patients (age 40 to <65 y) and 81 age-matched control participants without diabetes. Cognitive function was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail Making Test parts A and B (TMT-A/-B), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS), and Starkstein Apathy Scale (SAS). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Odor identification was an independent determinant shown in the results of the TMT-A in the entire participant group and was independently associated with the MoCA and TMT-B in the T2D group. Balance capability assessed with a stabilometer was independently associated with all cognitive function tests except for QISD and SAS in the entire participant group and the T2D group and was independently associated with TMT-A in the control group. Knee extension strength was independently associated with the SAS in the entire participant group and the T2D group. CONCLUSIONS Odor identification, balance capability, and knee extension strength were potential markers for cognitive decline in middle-aged persons with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Midorikawa
- Doctoral Program in Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba 305-8596, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yamauchi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sato
- Doctoral Program in Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoko Sugano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iwasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Motohiro Sekiya
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yatoh
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Naoya Yahagi
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hada
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Arai
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Chiyoda-ku 100-0004, Japan
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Functional Decline and Body Composition Change in Older Adults With Alzheimer Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study at a Japanese Memory Clinic. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2020; 35:36-43. [PMID: 33323780 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a dearth of longitudinal data on body composition, function, and physical performance in persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVES The aim was to describe the trajectories of function, body composition, and physical performance in older adults with AD. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, data were collected from older adults (n=1402) diagnosed with AD (mean age: 78.1 y old, women: 69.3%). Cognitive function was assessed using the mini-mental state examination. Proxy-reported instrumental and basic activities of daily living were assessed using the Lawton and Barthel indexes. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physical performance was assessed using the timed up and go test and grip strength. RESULTS Median (interquartile range) of follow-up time was 2.2 (1.2 to 3.6) years. Participants' mini-mental state examination score, Barthel index, and Lawton index declined over time. Skeletal muscle mass index and physical performance (timed up and go test and grip strength) decreased, while fat mass index increased with time. No significant changes or slight decline in weight and body mass index was observed. CONCLUSIONS Muscle mass and physical performance are likely to decline in older adults with AD. Clinicians should assess muscle mass and physical performance trajectories regularly in these patients and intervene appropriately.
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Berger A, Steinberg F, Thomas F, Doppelmayr M. Neural Correlates of Age-Related Changes in Precise Grip Force Regulation: A Combined EEG-fNIRS Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:594810. [PMID: 33362531 PMCID: PMC7759198 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.594810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor control is associated with suppression of oscillatory activity in alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (12–30 Hz) ranges and elevation of oxygenated hemoglobin levels in motor-cortical areas. Aging leads to changes in oscillatory and hemodynamic brain activity and impairments in motor control. However, the relationship between age-related changes in motor control and brain activity is not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate age-related and task-complexity-related changes in grip force control and the underlying oscillatory and hemodynamic activity. Sixteen younger [age (mean ± SD) = 25.4 ± 1.9, 20–30 years] and 16 older (age = 56.7 ± 4.7, 50–70 years) healthy men were asked to use a power grip to perform six trials each of easy and complex force tracking tasks (FTTs) with their right dominant hand in a randomized within-subject design. Grip force control was assessed using a sensor-based device. Brain activity in premotor and primary motor areas of both hemispheres was assessed by electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Older adults showed significantly higher inaccuracies and higher hemodynamic activity in both FTTs than did young adults. Correlations between grip force control owing to task complexity and beta activity were different in the contralateral premotor cortex (PMC) between younger and older adults. Collectively, these findings suggest that aging leads to impairment of grip force control and an increase in hemodynamic activity independent of task complexity. EEG beta oscillations may represent a task-specific neurophysiological marker for age-related decline in complex grip force control and its underlying compensation strategies. Further EEG-fNIRS studies are necessary to determine neurophysiological markers of dysfunctions underlying age-related motor disabilities for the improvement of individual diagnosis and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Berger
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Steinberg
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Fabian Thomas
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Doppelmayr
- Department of Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Association between forearm cortical bone properties and handgrip strength in women with distal radius fractures: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243294. [PMID: 33270744 PMCID: PMC7714147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mechanical and biochemical bone properties are influenced by muscles. However, the muscle-bone interaction has not been fully elucidated regarding the upper extremities. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the mechanical muscle-bone interaction at the forearm by evaluating the relationship between the properties of three-dimensional (3D) forearm cortical bone models derived from conventional computed tomography (CT) images and handgrip strength (HGS). METHODS A total of 108 women (mean age, 75.2 ± 9.4 years; range, 62-101 years) with a distal radius fracture who took conventional CT scans for the assessment of the fracture were included in this study. Distal radius 3D models were reconstructed and the average cortical bone density (Cd) and thickness (Ct) of the region of interest (ROI), which might be affected by the forearm flexor muscles, were calculated using a 3D modeling software. Clinical parameters including HGS, lumbar and hip bone mineral densities (BMDs), and other demographic factors were also obtained. A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to identify relevant factors associated with HGS. RESULTS HGS was found to be independently associated with height and Cd, but no significant difference was found between HGS and Ct, age, weight, as well as lumber and hip BMDs. CONCLUSIONS Cortical bone density might be associated with HGS, which is generated by the forearm flexor muscles. Hence, the mechanical muscle-bone interaction in the upper extremities could be supported by the present study.
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Chiu HT, Kao TW, Peng TC, Chen YY, Chen WL. Average urinary flow rate and its association with handgrip strength. Aging Male 2020; 23:1220-1226. [PMID: 32180484 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2020.1740201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voiding dysfunction became a difficult problem for the elderly because of the underactive bladder (UAB). It was considered that the degeneration of detrusor muscle was the main etiology. In recent years, more articles focus on relationship between UAB and decreased muscle strength. Besides, handgrip strength (HGS) is an early indicator to detect frailty and muscle weakness in systemic reviews. METHOD Our study involved 2258 males from NHANES datasets (2011-2012, who were divided into quartiles by urine flow rate (UFR), which was measured by uroflowmetry. Multivariate regression models were performed to analyze the associations between UFR and HGS. RESULTS The UFR had a positive correlation to the HGS by multivariate regression models in males (β coefficient: 1.348, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.530, 2.166, p = 0.001). The male participants with the highest quartile of UFR have a greater HGS than those with lowest quartile of UFR (β coefficient: 4.546, 95% CI: 2.462, 6.630, p < 0.001). Higher UFR was associated with lower odds of low HGS (OR: 0.489, 95% CI: 0.350, 0.684, p < 0.001) in the fully-adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS Our research highlighted that the UFR had a strong associated with the HGS in the healthy group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Tse Chiu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
| | - Tao-Chun Peng
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuei Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, PR China
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan, Taiwan, PR China
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Batsis JA, Haudenschild C, Roth RM, Gooding TL, Roderka MN, Masterson T, Brand J, Lohman MC, Mackenzie TA. Incident Impaired Cognitive Function in Sarcopenic Obesity: Data From the National Health and Aging Trends Survey. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 22:865-872.e5. [PMID: 34248422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The prevalence of obesity with sarcopenia is increasing in adults aged ≥65 years. This geriatric syndrome places individuals at risk for synergistic complications that leads to long-term functional decline. We ascertained the relationship between sarcopenic obesity and incident long-term impaired global cognitive function in a representative US population. Design A longitudinal, secondary data set analysis using the National Health and Aging Trends Survey. Setting Community-based older adults in the United States. Participants Participants without baseline impaired cognitive function aged ≥65 years with grip strength and body mass index measures. Methods Sarcopenia was defined using the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project grip strength cut points (men <35.5 kg; women <20 kg), and obesity was defined using standard body mass index (BMI) categories. Impaired global cognition was identified as impairment in the Alzheimer's Disease-8 score or immediate/delayed recall, orientation, clock-draw test, date/person recall. Proportional hazard models ascertained the risk of impaired cognitive function over 8 years (referent = neither obesity or sarcopenia). Results Of the 5822 participants (55.7% women), median age category was 75 to 80, and mean grip strength and BMI were 26.4 kg and 27.5 kg/m2, respectively. Baseline prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was 12.9%, with an observed subset of 21.2% participants having impaired cognitive function at follow-up. Compared with those without sarcopenia or obesity, the risk of impaired cognitive function was no different in obesity alone [hazard ratio (HR) 0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82-1.16]), but was significantly higher in sarcopenia (HR 1.60; 95% CI 1.42-1.80) and sarcopenic obesity (HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.03-1.40). There was no significant interaction term between sarcopenia and obesity. Conclusions Both sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are associated with an increased long-term risk of impaired cognitive function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Batsis
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Lebanon, NH
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Christian Haudenschild
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Lebanon, NH
| | - Robert M Roth
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Neuropsychology Program, Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Tyler L Gooding
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | | | | | - John Brand
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Matthew C Lohman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Todd A Mackenzie
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Lebanon, NH
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Effects of Progressive Resistance Training on Cognition and IGF-1 Levels in Elder Women Who Live in Areas with High Air Pollution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176203. [PMID: 32859109 PMCID: PMC7503506 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a muscular strength programme on the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and cognitive status in elder women with mild cognitive impairment who lived in areas of high air pollution. A total of 157 women participated in the study, distributed in four groups: Active/Clean (AC n = 38) and Active/Pollution (AP n = 37), who carried out a progressive resistance training programme for 24 months, and Sedentary/Clean (SC n = 40) and Sedentary/Pollution (SP n = 42). Maximum strength in the upper and lower limbs (1RM), cognition (Mini-Mental Scale Examination (MMSE)) and blood IGF-1 were evaluated. At the beginning of the intervention, there were no differences between the groups in the assessed variables. The active groups which carried out the resistance training programme (AC and AP), registered better results in IGF-1 than the sedentary groups. These differences were statistically significant in AC vs. SC (p < 0.01) and AP vs. SC (p < 0.05). Regarding MMSE, group AC registered the highest score increases (+8.2%) (significantly better than the other groups), while group SP worsened (−7%) significantly compared to the other three groups. In conclusion, resistance training had a positive effect on IGF-1, while sedentary behaviour and air pollution had a negative effect on cognitive status.
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50
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Jordre B, Schweinle W. HAND GRIP STRENGTH IN SENIOR ATHLETES: NORMATIVE DATA AND COMMUNITY-DWELLING COMPARISONS. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2020; 15:519-525. [PMID: 33354385 PMCID: PMC7735693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand grip strength is supported as a valid physical capacity measure in older adults. Normative values for community-dwelling older adult hand grip strength were recently updated. With the majority of community-dwelling older adults identified as sedentary, it is likely that current norms represent a group that is relatively inactive. A sub-population of senior athletes who actively engage in exercise and competitive sport have consistently demonstrated superior performance on measures of physical capacity when compared to the general population. Normative values for hand grip strength have not been established for this unique group of aging athletes. PURPOSE To establish hand grip strength norms for senior athletes and to compare these outcomes to available normative data in community-dwelling older adults. STUDY DESIGN Cross-Sectional Study. METHODS Measures of hand grip strength were taken on 2,333 senior athletes registered to compete in the National Senior Games between 2011 and 2017. Findings were divided into age and gender categories consistent with community-dwelling norms. Student t tests were used to compare senior athlete means to community-dwelling norms. Cohen's d was calculated to estimate the effect size of each comparison. RESULTS Normative values for senior athlete hand grip strength are reported in kilograms by age, gender and hand dominance. For each age and gender category tested, senior athletes demonstrate dominant hand grip strength that ranges from 8.6-11.1 kg higher for males and 5.5 to 8.9 kg higher for females (p values<.0001) than published community-dwelling norms. Non-dominant grip strengths were also significantly higher (p values<.0001). Effect sizes were medium to large (Cohen's ds = 0.44-1.5). CONCLUSION Senior athletes demonstrate hand grip strength that is significantly higher than their community-dwelling peers and more similar to a younger community-dwelling population. The population--specific norms presented here will assist health care providers in more accurately assessing this high-functioning subset of aging adults. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE 2b.
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