1
|
Abusaada H, Elshater A. Revisiting Urban Street Planning and Design Factors to Promote Walking as a Physical Activity for Middle-Class Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome in Cairo, Egypt. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:402. [PMID: 38673315 PMCID: PMC11050667 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This paper revisits the planning and design factors of "pedestrianized" and "walkable" urban streets to encourage physical activity, focusing on their prioritization according to public health and smart growth. The aim is to create a conceptual framework for urban planners and designers to encourage walking and reduce metabolic syndrome (MetS) risks. Through a scoping review, the study found that while pedestrianized and walkable streets share many planning and design factors, they have different objectives. The study explores how urban planning and design can reduce MetS risk among middle-class individuals using online video storytelling for 30 participants in three districts of Cairo, Egypt: El Zamalek, Old Cairo, and Heliopolis. It identifies three factors to address MetS symptoms for middle-class individuals: strategic, design-oriented, and technical. Practitioners and policymakers can use this framework to evaluate the impact of their work. This study is particularly relevant for cities in the Global South that are facing similar challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Abusaada
- Housing and Building National Research Center, Giza 1770, Egypt;
| | - Abeer Elshater
- Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Puchner E, Platzer M, Dalkner N, Schwalsberger K, Lenger M, Fellendorf FT, Unterrainer HF, Schwerdtfeger A, Reininghaus B, Reininghaus EZ. Effects of Metabolic Syndrome and Sex on Stress Coping Strategies in Individuals with Depressive Disorder. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050652. [PMID: 37233693 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is related to depression and contributes to reduced life expectancy in individuals with mental disorders. Stress coping strategies are important factors in the development and maintenance of depressive disorders and have been related to metabolic disturbances. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the use of positive (re- and devaluation, distraction, and control) and negative stress coping strategies in relation to patients' MetS. A sample of 363 individuals (n female = 204, n male = 159) with a diagnosis of depression was measured with the Stress Coping Style Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory. In addition, we collected data on MetS (waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, fasting glucose/diabetes, blood pressure/hypertonia) according to the International Diabetes Federation. A 2 × 2 design including Mets (with vs. without) and sex (female vs. male) was performed to test for differences in stress coping strategies. Individuals with depression and MetS scored higher on distraction strategies than depressed individuals without MetS (p < 0.01, corrected with false discovery rate). In addition, we found sex differences in stress coping strategies indicating that women with depression scored higher on distraction strategies (p < 0.001, FDR corrected), as well as negative strategies (p < 0.001, FDR corrected), than men. No significant interaction between MetS and sex was found regarding the higher value of stress coping strategies. Findings suggest that individuals with depression and MetS used distraction strategies to a higher amount to cope with stress, which could be stress eating in some cases, than those without MetS. Women with depressive disorders had higher values than men on other coping strategies in our sample of individuals with depression. A better understanding of MetS and sex-specific differences in stress coping strategies might help to plan more effective preventive strategies and personalized treatment options for depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Puchner
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Platzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Nina Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Schwalsberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Lenger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Frederike T Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Human-Friedrich Unterrainer
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Religious Studies, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
- Center for Integrative Addiction Research (CIAR), Grüner Kreis Society, 1110 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Bernd Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Z Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hoemann K, Khan Z, Kamona N, Dy J, Barrett LF, Quigley KS. Investigating the relationship between emotional granularity and cardiorespiratory physiological activity in daily life. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13818. [PMID: 33768687 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Emotional granularity describes the ability to create emotional experiences that are precise and context-specific. Despite growing evidence of a link between emotional granularity and mental health, the physiological correlates of granularity have been under-investigated. This study explored the relationship between granularity and cardiorespiratory physiological activity in everyday life, with particular reference to the role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), an estimate of vagal influence on the heart often associated with positive mental and physical health outcomes. Participants completed a physiologically triggered experience-sampling protocol including ambulatory recording of electrocardiogram, impedance cardiogram, movement, and posture. At each prompt, participants generated emotion labels to describe their current experience. In an end-of-day survey, participants elaborated on each prompt by rating the intensity of their experience on a standard set of emotion adjectives. Consistent with our hypotheses, individuals with higher granularity exhibited a larger number of distinct patterns of physiological activity during seated rest, and more situationally precise patterns of activity during emotional events: granularity was positively correlated with the number of clusters of cardiorespiratory physiological activity discovered in seated rest data, as well as with the performance of classifiers trained on event-related changes in physiological activity. Granularity was also positively associated with RSA during seated rest periods, although this relationship did not reach significance in this sample. These findings are consistent with constructionist accounts of emotion that propose concepts as a key mechanism underlying individual differences in emotional experience, physiological regulation, and physical health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Hoemann
- Department of Psychology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zulqarnain Khan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nada Kamona
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Dy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Feldman Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Karen S Quigley
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sasaki N, Watanabe K, Kawakami N. Personal values in adolescence and their associations with metabolic biomarkers in adulthood: a Japanese population-based study. Biopsychosoc Med 2020; 14:26. [PMID: 33042217 PMCID: PMC7542755 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-020-00197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Personal values, which are formed in early life, can have an impact on health outcome later in life. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the relation between personal values in adolescence and bio-indicators related to metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adulthood. Participants and Methods The longitudinal data used was from the Japanese Study on Stratification, Health, Income, and Neighborhood (J-SHINE). Personal values in adolescence were retrospectively obtained in 2017 from a self-reporting questionnaire, composed of value priorities and commitment to the values. Venous samples were collected in 2012 for low and high-density lipoprotein (LDL, HDL) cholesterol and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were also measured. The associations of each variable were examined by partial correlation analysis. In addition, multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine overall associations between personal values and the sum of standardized scores (Z-score) of the biomarkers as a proxy of MetS. Results The total population (n = 668) included 261 men and 407 women. For men, the personal value priority of “Having influence on society” was associated with high HDL cholesterol (0.133, p = 0.032) and “Cherishing familiar people” with low waist circumference (r = -0.129, p = 0.049), low SBP, and high DBP (r = -0.135, p = 0.039; r = 0.134, p = 0.041). For women, “Not bothering others” was associated with high SBP and low DBP (r = 0.125, p = 0.015; r = -0.123, p = 0.017). "Economically succeeding" was associated with a worse outcome (β = 0.162, p = 0.042) in men. Conclusions Although some significant associations were found between personal values in adolescence and MetS-related markers in adulthood, the overall associations were not strong. Culturally prevailing values were likely to be associated with a good outcome of metabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsu Sasaki
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
How Do Positive Psychological Constructs Affect Physical Activity Engagement Among Individuals at High Risk for Chronic Health Conditions? A Qualitative Study. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:977-986. [PMID: 32887852 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive psychological constructs (eg, optimism, positive affect) may help people engage in physical activity, though the details of these relationships and their directionality have not been studied in depth in people with cardiovascular risk factors. The objectives of this study were to use qualitative research to explore the relationships of positive psychological constructs with physical activity among people with metabolic syndrome. METHODS Participants with metabolic syndrome and low physical activity from an academic medical center completed semistructured phone interviews about associations between physical activity and positive psychological constructs, and perceptions about benefits, motivation, and barriers to physical activity. RESULTS The participants (n = 21) were predominantly older (mean age = 63 y) white (95.2%) women (61.9%). Engaging in physical activity was commonly associated with enjoyment, energy, relaxation, accomplishment, and determination. Experiencing positive psychological constructs like enjoyment, energy, connectedness, optimism, and determination also helped them engage in physical activity. Perceived benefits, facilitators, and barriers of physical activity engagement were noted. CONCLUSIONS The participants at high risk for chronic diseases described many specific positive psychological constructs that both promote and result from physical activity. Testing ways to increase positive psychological constructs may be a novel way to help people at high risk of chronic diseases become more active.
Collapse
|
6
|
A community-based positive psychology group intervention to promote physical activity among people with metabolic syndrome: Proof of concept results to inform a pilot randomized controlled trial protocol. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2020; 19:100626. [PMID: 32715153 PMCID: PMC7363607 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Community-based physical activity interventions can offset the burden of developing chronic diseases. Positive psychology (PP) interventions may improve health behaviors, but little is known about their effectiveness in community-based prevention settings. A multilevel PP-based intervention has never been studied in people at risk for chronic diseases. Purpose The aim of the trial is to demonstrate feasibility, acceptability, and improve physical activity. The purpose is to describe the theory, design, and rationale of the randomized controlled trial (RCT) phase of an iteratively developed physical activity intervention for metabolic syndrome. The feasibility results of the proof-of-concept phase are presented. Methods Participants are adult primary care patients at community health centers with metabolic syndrome and low physical activity (target n = 64). The 8-week group intervention consists of weekly physical activity goal-setting and self-monitoring, positive psychology activities, and neighborhood walks. Participants rate feasibility and acceptability of sessions. Pre-post-intervention, and 24 weeks later, participants complete accelerometers, questionnaires, and biometrics. Feasibility results Eight participants enrolled and seven completed. The median number of group sessions attended was 7 out of 8. Average ease and usefulness of sessions were rated as 7.0 (±0.5)/10 and 8.1 (±1.0)/10, respectively, indicating feasibility and acceptability. Average pre-post physical activity increased by 2152 steps and 29.25 min of MVPA/week. Discussion This proof-of-concept trial demonstrated high feasibility and acceptability, with increased physical activity. These positive findings suggest that the RCT phase will show high feasibility, acceptability, and initial impact on physical activity.
Collapse
|
7
|
Fontes AP, Neri AL. Estratégias de enfrentamento como indicadores de resiliência em idosos: um estudo metodológico. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 24:1265-1276. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018244.05502017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Resumo O enfrentamento, componente de resiliência em idosos, serve a três objetivos: proteção em face de ameaças à adaptação, recuperação dos efeitos das adversidades e desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste artigo é derivar evidências de validade interna e externa para um inventário de enfrentamento. Responderam a medidas de enfrentamento, depressão, autoavaliação de saúde e satisfação com a vida 415 idosos (65 anos e mais). Os scores foram comparados entre si e com gênero, idade e renda. Foram realizadas análises fatorial exploratória e de consistência interna. A análise fatorial resultou em 3 fatores (1. estratégias não adaptativas, 2. adaptativas e 3. desenvolvimento), explicativos de 30,8% da variância. A escala apresentou índice moderado de consistência interna (α = 0.541). Estratégias de desenvolvimento correlacionaram-se positivamente com autoavaliação de saúde e satisfação com a vida, e negativamente com depressão (p < 0,05). A variância explicada e o indicador de validade interna foram modestos, possivelmente, em parte, porque o inventário de enfrentamento não reflete situações específicas da velhice, em parte pela complexidade das relações estratégias-contexto. As correlações encontradas com outros indicadores de resiliência encorajam a realização de novos estudos.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Y, Peng Y, Xu H, O'Brien WH. Age Differences in Stress and Coping: Problem-Focused Strategies Mediate the Relationship Between Age and Positive Affect. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2017; 86:347-363. [PMID: 28789561 DOI: 10.1177/0091415017720890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the different types of stressors experienced by adults of different ages, their coping strategies, and positive/negative affect. A mediation hypothesis of coping strategies was tested on the relationships between age and positive/negative affect. One-hundred and ninety-six community-dwelling adults (age range 18-89 years) reported the most stressful situation they experienced in the past month and coping strategies. Levels of positive and negative affect in the past month were also measured. Content analysis revealed age differences in different types of stressors adults reported. Three types of coping strategies were found: problem-focused, positive emotion-focused, and negative emotion-focused coping. Older adults were less likely than younger adults to use problem-focused coping and reported lower levels of positive affect. Path analysis supported the mediation hypothesis, showing that problem-focused coping mediated the relationship between age and positive affect. Implications are discussed on the importance of promoting problem-focused coping among older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Chen
- 1 Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, OH, USA
| | - Yisheng Peng
- 1 Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, OH, USA
| | - Huanzhen Xu
- 1 Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, OH, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shayeghian Z, Hassanabadi H, Aguilar-Vafaie ME, Amiri P, Besharat MA. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Management: The Moderating Role of Coping Styles. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166599. [PMID: 27907074 PMCID: PMC5132195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Evidence of the efficacy of existing psychological interventions for self-management in diabetes is limited. The current study aimed at assessing the effects of group-based ACT on self-management of patients with T2DM, considering the moderating role of coping styles. Methods One hundred and six patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned either to the education alone (n = 53) or to a combination of education and group-based acceptance and commitment therapy (n = 53) over a period of 10 sessions. In each group, 50 participants completed a 3 month follow-up assessment. Results After 3 months, compared to patients who received education alone, those in the group-based acceptance and commitment therapy condition were more likely to use effective coping strategies, reported better diabetes self-care, and optimum glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels in the target range. Conclusions Consideration of the role of coping style for a more accurate evaluation of the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy may be a useful addition to services provided for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Shayeghian
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Endocrine Health & Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Endocrine Health & Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
To explore the predictive value of cognitive and coping resources for problem- and emotion-focused coping with age, we collected data from community-dwelling adults between 20 and 90 years old. We hypothesized that age, perceived stress, self-efficacy, working-memory capacity, and mental flexibility were predictors of coping. We collected data using French versions of the Perceived Stress Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Way of Coping Checklist. Cognitive assessments comprised the WAIS III digit-span subtest and the Trail Making Test parts A and B. In multivariate analyses, neither working-memory nor mental-flexibility deficit predicted problem-focused coping. Age was found to predict only problem-focused coping. Self-efficacy predicted problem-focused coping, and perceived stress predicted emotion-focused coping. Our results confirmed that use of an emotion-focused coping style would not significantly change with age. Problem-focused coping increases with age and depends primarily on participants' confidence in their ability to successfully solve problems (i.e., self-efficacy).
Collapse
|
11
|
Aldwin CM, Molitor NT, Avron S, Levenson MR, Molitor J, Igarashi H. Do Stress Trajectories Predict Mortality in Older Men? Longitudinal Findings from the VA Normative Aging Study. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:896109. [PMID: 21961066 PMCID: PMC3180855 DOI: 10.4061/2011/896109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined long-term patterns of stressful life events (SLE) and their impact on mortality contrasting two theoretical models: allostatic load (linear relationship) and hormesis (inverted U relationship) in 1443 NAS men (aged 41-87 in 1985; M = 60.30, SD = 7.3) with at least two reports of SLEs over 18 years (total observations = 7,634). Using a zero-inflated Poisson growth mixture model, we identified four patterns of SLE trajectories, three showing linear decreases over time with low, medium, and high intercepts, respectively, and one an inverted U, peaking at age 70. Repeating the analysis omitting two health-related SLEs yielded only the first three linear patterns. Compared to the low-stress group, both the moderate and the high-stress groups showed excess mortality, controlling for demographics and health behavior habits, HRs = 1.42 and 1.37, ps <.01 and <.05. The relationship between stress trajectories and mortality was complex and not easily explained by either theoretical model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M. Aldwin
- Human Development & Family Sciences, School of Social & Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health & Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Nuoo-Ting Molitor
- Human Development & Family Sciences, School of Social & Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health & Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College School of Medicine, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Spiro Avron
- Normative Aging Study, VA Boston Healthcare System (151MAV), 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology and Psychiatry, Boston University Schools of Public Health and Medicine, 715 Albany Street T 3E, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Michael R. Levenson
- Human Development & Family Sciences, School of Social & Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health & Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - John Molitor
- Human Development & Family Sciences, School of Social & Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health & Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College School of Medicine, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Heidi Igarashi
- Human Development & Family Sciences, School of Social & Behavioral Health Sciences, College of Public Health & Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Boersma GJ, Benthem L, van Beek AP, van Dijk G, Scheurink AJW. Personality, a key factor in personalized medicine? Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 667:23-5. [PMID: 21672536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of health problems resulting from obesity is growing and obesity and its related diseases has become one of the main causes in death in industrialized societies. Environmental influences are crucial for the interactions between genetic, neurohormonal and metabolic factors that may be important in understanding individual differences in the development of obesity and metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes. In particular the interactions between the personality of an individual and the environment play a key role in predicting the chance for successful treatment. Our experimental data clearly point out that the success of interventions designed to prevent or treat metabolic diseases could be considerably improved by adjusting the intervention to the personality of the individual. Furthermore, certain physiological and neuroendocrine characteristics of a personality are strong indicators for pathology development, both in experimental animals and humans. Future research should focus on the identification of easily measurable physiological and neuroendocrine markers indicative of the coping style or personality in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gretha J Boersma
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Boersma G, Benthem L, van Dijk G, Steimer TJ, Scheurink AJW. Pharmacological treatment of hyperinsulineamia in rats depends on coping style. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 654:122-7. [PMID: 21185824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Passive and proactive coping styles are associated with marked differences in behavioral and neuroendocrine responses. Previous studies revealed that the passive individuals are more prone to hyperinsulinemia. Likewise, we hypothesize that different coping styles may require different drugs to treat this. We tested this by treating passive and proactive rats (Roman Low Avoidance and Roman High Avoidance rats respectively) with either Rosiglitazone or with RU486. After eight days of treatment we performed and intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and we compared the insulin and glucose levels with those measured during the IVGTT at baseline. Rosiglitazone improved insulin levels during an IVGTT in both passive and proactive coping styles. RU486, however, lowered insulin levels only in rats with a passive coping style. This study suggests that insight in the neuroendocrine differences between passive and proactive coping styles may provide an extra impulse to improve treatment of insulin resistance, since it allows the application of drugs targeted at the individual.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gretha Boersma
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Coping style predicts the (in)sensitivity for developing hyperinsulinemia on a high fat diet in rats. Physiol Behav 2010; 100:401-7. [PMID: 20385160 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore interactions between coping style and diet as risk factors for developing insulin resistance in rats. We hypothesized that rats characterized by a passive coping strategy are more susceptible for developing insulin resistance and visceral obesity than proactively coping rats, particularly on a high (45%) fat diet. This hypothesis was tested by comparing 1) insulin and glucose responses to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), and 2) body fat distribution, in two rat models for passive and proactive coping styles. We found that the most extremely passive rats are characterized by elevated insulin levels during a IVGTT, even on chow. Moderately passive rats display normal insulin responses under chow conditions, but develop insulin resistance on a high fat diet. Proactive rats are remarkably resistant to insulin resistance and visceral obesity, even when overfeeding on a high fat diet. Carcass analysis revealed that passive rats are characterized by increased epididymal fat deposition, which is in line with the observed differences in insulin resistance. We conclude that a passive personality is prone to develop insulin resistance and visceral obesity on a palatable fat diet and a proactive personality might be protected against the development of diet-induced insulin resistance.
Collapse
|
15
|
Peters JL, Weisskopf MG, Spiro A, Schwartz J, Sparrow D, Nie H, Hu H, Wright RO, Wright RJ. Interaction of stress, lead burden, and age on cognition in older men: the VA Normative Aging Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:505-10. [PMID: 20064786 PMCID: PMC2854727 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-level exposure to lead and to chronic stress may independently influence cognition. However, the modifying potential of psychosocial stress on the neurotoxicity of lead and their combined relationship to aging-associated decline have not been fully examined. OBJECTIVES We examined the cross-sectional interaction between stress and lead exposure on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores among 811 participants in the Normative Aging Study, a cohort of older U.S. men. METHODS We used two self-reported measures of stress appraisal--a self-report of stress related to their most severe problem and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Indices of lead exposure were blood lead and bone (tibia and patella) lead. RESULTS Participants with higher self-reported stress had lower MMSE scores, which were adjusted for age, education, computer experience, English as a first language, smoking, and alcohol intake. In multivariable-adjusted tests for interaction, those with higher PSS scores had a 0.57-point lower (95% confidence interval, -0.90 to 0.24) MMSE score for a 2-fold increase in blood lead than did those with lower PSS scores. In addition, the combination of high PSS scores and high blood lead categories on one or both was associated with a 0.05-0.08 reduction on the MMSE for each year of age compared with those with low PSS score and blood lead level (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Psychological stress had an independent inverse association with cognition and also modified the relationship between lead exposure and cognitive performance among older men. Furthermore, high stress and lead together modified the association between age and cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junenette L Peters
- Department of Environment Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cohen BE, Panguluri P, Na B, Whooley MA. Psychological risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary heart disease: findings from the Heart and Soul Study. Psychiatry Res 2010; 175:133-7. [PMID: 19969373 PMCID: PMC2867840 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Psychological factors, such as depression and anxiety, are independently associated with an increased risk of both diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, but the reasons for these associations are unknown. We sought to determine whether psychological factors were associated with a greater prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary heart disease, and the extent to which such an association may be explained by socioeconomic status, health behaviors, and biological mediators. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1024 outpatients with stable coronary heart disease. Psychological factors, including depressive and anxiety symptoms, hostility, anger, and optimism-pessimism, were assessed using validated standardized questionnaires. The presence or absence of the metabolic syndrome was determined using the criteria outlined by the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III. Higher levels of depression, anger expression, hostility, and pessimism were significantly associated with increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. These associations were explained by differences in socioeconomic status and health behaviors. Additional adjustment for potential biological mediators had little impact. Further research is needed to determine whether addressing socioeconomic and behavioral factors in people with depression or high levels of anger or hostility could reduce the burden of the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beth E. Cohen
- General Internal Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States,Corresponding author. Veterans Affairs Medical Center, General Internal Medicine Section (111A1), 4150 Clement St., San Francisco, CA 94121, United States. Tel.: +1 415 221 4810x4851; fax: +1 415 379 5573. (B.E. Cohen)
| | - Praveen Panguluri
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Beeya Na
- General Internal Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mary A. Whooley
- General Internal Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Skaff MM, Mullan JT, Almeida DM, Hoffman L, Masharani U, Mohr D, Fisher L. Daily negative mood affects fasting glucose in type 2 diabetes. Health Psychol 2009; 28:265-72. [PMID: 19450031 PMCID: PMC2810194 DOI: 10.1037/a0014429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between mood and blood glucose in a 21-day daily diary study. DESIGN During a home visit, information was gathered from 206 persons with Type 2 diabetes regarding demographics, disease characteristics and treatment, and depressive symptoms. They had blood drawn at a laboratory, yielding HbA1C. The participants were then telephoned each evening for 21 days and were asked about their positive and negative mood during the past 24 hours. They also tested their blood glucose upon rising in the morning. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcomes measures were positive and negative affect and fasting glucose. RESULTS Multilevel analyses revealed a relationship between negative affect on one day and morning glucose on the next day. There was no such relationship between positive affect and glucose, nor was there a comparable effect of glucose on one day and either positive or negative affect on the next day. CONCLUSION The observed relationship between mood and blood glucose appears to be because of negative affect, not positive, with no evidence of a lagged effect of glucose on mood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn M Skaff
- Department of Family & Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Although coping has been shown to influence physical health in younger populations, whether coping affects health in older adults appears to depend upon how coping and health are conceptualized. This article reviews recent literature on coping and health in older adults in three areas. First, we discuss coping's distinct relevance to health in older adults. Second, we describe ways in which coping may differ between older and younger populations. Third, we detail recent and notable findings of coping's specific effects on biomedical health and health in general. The recent literature suggests that coping may be a developmental and multifaceted process. Positive coping strategies may have positive and even protective effects on health, whereas negative strategies may have negative effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loriena A Yancura
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2515 Campus Road, Miller Hall #201C, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Peters JL, Kubzansky L, McNeely E, Schwartz J, Spiro A, Sparrow D, Wright RO, Nie H, Hu H. Stress as a potential modifier of the impact of lead levels on blood pressure: the normative aging study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2007; 115:1154-9. [PMID: 17687441 PMCID: PMC1940093 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead exposure and psychological stress have been independently associated with hypertension in various populations, and animal studies suggest that when they co-occur, their effects may be exacerbated. OBJECTIVES We examined whether psychological stress modifies the impact of cumulative lead exposure (measured as bone lead levels) on hypertension and blood pressure in Boston-area community-exposed men participating in the Normative Aging Study. METHODS We evaluated the modifying effect of stress on lead exposure on baseline hypertension status (513 participants) and on blood pressure in those without hypertension (237 participants), cross-sectionally. In baseline nonhypertensives, we examined the same risk factors in relation to prospective risk of developing hypertension. RESULTS Cross-sectional analysis revealed a positive interaction between stress and tibia lead on systolic blood pressure, after adjusting for age, body mass index, family history of high blood pressure, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and nutritional factors. In prospective multivariate analyses, high stress also modified the effect of tibia lead and patella lead on the risk of developing hypertension. Those reporting high stress had 2.66 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.43-4.95] times the risk of developing hypertension per standard deviation increase in tibia lead and had 2.64 (95% CI, 1.42-4.92) times the risk per standard deviation increase in patella lead. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, these are the first analyses to look at interactive effects of stress and lead on hypertension in humans. These results suggest that the effect of lead on hypertension is most pronounced among highly stressed individuals, independent of demographic and behavioral risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junenette L Peters
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard Shool of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|