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Sheffler JL, Meng Z, Sachs-Ericsson N, Caimary VG, Patel J, Pickett S. Sleep Quality as a Critical Pathway Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Multimorbidity and the Impact of Lifestyle. J Aging Health 2024:8982643241237832. [PMID: 38447525 DOI: 10.1177/08982643241237832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to establish the effects of ACEs on multimorbidity through sleep quality and investigate whether lifestyle factors (e.g., eating habits and exercise) may influence this relationship among middle-aged and older adults. METHODS Participants were drawn from a cross-sectional sample of community dwelling older adults (N = 276, 55+) and three waves of data from the Midlife in the United States study (MIDUS, N = 843). We examined the direct and indirect effects of ACEs, sleep quality, and health conditions, as well as the conditional effects of physical activity and eating habits. RESULTS Across both samples, sleep quality mediated the relationship between ACEs and chronic health conditions. Moderating effects of unhealthy eating and physical activity differed between samples. DISCUSSION Sleep quality is an important pathway connecting ACEs and adult multimorbidity, and health behaviors may provide targets for intervention particularly in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Sheffler
- Center for Translational Behavioral Science, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Zhuo Meng
- Center of Center of Population Sciences for Health Equity, Florida State University College of Nursing, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University College of Arts and Sciences, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Viviana G Caimary
- Center for Translational Behavioral Science, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Juhi Patel
- Center for Translational Behavioral Science, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Scott Pickett
- Center for Translational Behavioral Science, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Craig A, Mapanga W, Mtintsilana A, Dlamini S, Norris S. Exploring the national prevalence of mental health risk, multimorbidity and the associations thereof: a repeated cross-sectional panel study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1217699. [PMID: 37920573 PMCID: PMC10619674 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1217699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective and methods South Africans were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and resultant economic hardships. As a result, mental health within this region may have worsened. Therefore, using large scale nationally representative data, we repeated the cross-sectional panel study to investigate mental health risk post COVID-19 to explore mental health and multimorbidity and to examine the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and comorbid health conditions in South African adults (aged 18 years and older). Results Post-pandemic, 26.2, 17.0, and 14.8% of the South African respondents reported being probably depressed, anxious and had suffered high exposure to early life adversity, respectively. Nationally, the prevalence of mental health across the country remained alarmingly high when compared to Panel 1. The prevalence of multimorbidity (2 or more chronic morbidities) among the South African population was reported at 13.9%, and those with 2 or more morbidities were found to have increased odds of early adversity, irrespective of differing socio-demographics. Furthermore, early adversity was also associated with multimorbidity partly via mental health. Conclusion This repeated cross-sectional national study reiterated that the prevalence of mental health across South African adults aged 18 years and older is widespread. Mental health remains worryingly high post-pandemic where more than a quarter of respondents are probably depressed, nearly one in every five respondents are anxious, and 14.8% reported high exposure ACEs. Public health interventions need to be upscaled with efforts to reduce the incidence of early adversity that may have the ability to lower adverse health outcomes and mental ill-health in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Craig
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Witness Mapanga
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Asanda Mtintsilana
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Siphiwe Dlamini
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shane Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Pati S, Sinha A, Verma P, Kshatri J, Kanungo S, Sahoo KC, Mahapatra P, Pati S, Delpino FM, Krolow A, Teixeira DSDC, Batista S, Nunes BP, Weller D, Mercer SW. Childhood health and educational disadvantage are associated with adult multimorbidity in the global south: findings from a cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative surveys in India and Brazil. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:617-624. [PMID: 37541775 PMCID: PMC10511991 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-219507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multimorbidity has emerged as a major healthcare challenge in low/middle-income countries (LMICs) such as India and Brazil. Life course epidemiology suggests that adverse events in early life contribute to an individual's later health in adulthood. However, little is known about the influence of early life health and social factors on the development of multimorbidity in adulthood in LMICs. We aimed to explore the association of adult multimorbidity with childhood health and social disadvantages among two LMICs, India and Brazil. METHODS We conducted a secondary data analysis of older adults aged ≥50 years using nationally representative surveys from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017-2018 (n=51 481) and 'Estudo Longitudinal da Saude e Bem-Estar dos Idosos Brasileirous', 2015-2016 (n=8730). We estimated the prevalence of multimorbidity along with 95% CI as a measure of uncertainty for all weighted proportions. Log link in generalised linear model was used to assess the association between childhood health and disadvantages with multimorbidity, reported as adjusted prevalence ratio (APR). RESULTS The prevalence of multimorbidity was 25.53% and 55.24% in India and Brazil, respectively. Participants who perceived their childhood health as poor and missed school for a month or more due to illness had the highest level of multimorbidity across both countries. After adjusting for age and gender, a significant association between adult multimorbidity and poor self-rated childhood health (APR: (India: 1.38, 1.16 to 1.65) and (Brazil: 1.19, 1.09 to 1.30)); and missed school for a month due to illness (AOR: (India: 1.73, 1.49 to 2.01) and (Brazil: 1.16, 1.08 to 1.25)) was observed. CONCLUSION Early life health, educational and economic disadvantages are associated with adult multimorbidity and appear to contribute to the later course of life. A life course approach to the prevention of multimorbidity in adulthood in LMICs may be useful in health programmes and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Pati
- Division of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Abhinav Sinha
- Division of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Division of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jayasingh Kshatri
- Division of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Division of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Krushna Chandra Sahoo
- Division of Public Health, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pranab Mahapatra
- Department of Psychiatry, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Lown Fellow, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandipana Pati
- Department of Health & Family Welfare, Odisha State Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Andria Krolow
- Department of Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Sandro Batista
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Bruno P Nunes
- Department of Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - David Weller
- College of Medicine, The University of Edinburgh Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stewart W Mercer
- College of Medicine, The University of Edinburgh Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, UK
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Ou TS, Huber L, Macy JT, Bray BC, Lin HC. Stressful Life Events and Patterns of Polysubstance Use Among U.S. Late Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Latent Class Analysis. J Appl Gerontol 2023; 42:1867-1876. [PMID: 36988206 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231165256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The goals of this study were to identify patterns of polysubstance use and their associations with stressful life events among U.S. late middle-aged and older adults and examine whether gender moderates these associations. Adults aged 50 and older (N = 14,738) from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III were included. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify patterns of polysubstance use. Weighted multinomial logistic regression was estimated with a generalized structural equation model. Three different polysubstance use patterns (non-users/low substance users; cannabis and excessive alcohol users; painkiller and sedative/tranquilizer misusers) were identified. Higher levels of stressful life events were associated with patterns of polysubstance use. Gender moderated the association between stressful life events and co-misusing painkillers and sedatives/tranquilizers (p < 0.05). Substance use prevention efforts should consider aging adults' patterns of polysubstance use and associated stressful life events when designing and implementing gender-specific polysubstance use prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzung-Shiang Ou
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Lesa Huber
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan T Macy
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Bethany C Bray
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hsien-Chang Lin
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Hayes DK, Wiltz JL, Fang J, Loustalot F. Less than ideal cardiovascular health among adults is associated with experiencing adverse childhood events: BRFSS 2019. Prev Med 2023; 169:107457. [PMID: 36813249 PMCID: PMC11289852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) is associated with a lower risk of heart disease and stroke while adverse childhood events (ACEs) are related to health behaviors (e.g., smoking, unhealthy diet) and conditions (e.g., hypertension, diabetes) associated with CVH. Data from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was used to explore ACEs and CVH among 86,584 adults ≥18 years from 20 states. CVH was defined as poor (0-2), intermediate (3-5), and ideal (6-7) from summation of survey indicators (normal weight, healthy diet, adequate physical activity, not smoking, no hypertension, no high cholesterol, and no diabetes). ACEs was summed by number (0,1, 2, 3, and ≥4). A generalized logit model estimated associations between poor and intermediate CVH (ideal as referent) and ACEs accounting for age, race/ethnicity, sex, education, and health care coverage. Overall, 16.7% (95% Confidence Interval[CI]:16.3-17.1) had poor, 72.4% (95%CI:71.9-72.9) had intermediate, and 10.9% (95%CI:10.5-11.3) had ideal CVH. Zero ACEs were reported for 37.0% (95%CI:36.4-37.6), 22.5% (95%CI:22.0-23.0) reported 1, 12.7% (95%CI:12.3-13.1) reported 2, 8.5% (95%CI:8.2-8.9) reported 3, and 19.3% (95%CI:18.8-19.8) reported ≥4 ACEs. Those with 1 (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.27;95%CI = 1.11-1.46), 2 (AOR = 1.63;95%CI:1.36-1.96), 3 (AOR = 2.01;95%CI:1.66-2.44), and ≥ 4 (AOR = 2.47;95%CI:2.11-2.89) ACEs were more likely to report poor (vs. ideal) CVH compared to those with 0 ACEs. Those who reported 2 (AOR = 1.28;95%CI = 1.08-1.51), 3 (AOR = 1.48;95%CI:1.25-1.75), and ≥ 4 (AOR = 1.59;95%CI:1.38-1.83) ACEs were more likely to report intermediate (vs. ideal) CVH compared to those with 0 ACEs. Preventing and mitigating the harms of ACEs and addressing barriers to ideal CVH, particularly social and structural determinants, may improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald K Hayes
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, United States of America.
| | - Jennifer L Wiltz
- Office of Medicine and Science, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, United States of America; U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, United States of America
| | - Jing Fang
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, United States of America
| | - Fleetwood Loustalot
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, United States of America; U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, United States of America
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Chandrasekar R, Lacey RE, Chaturvedi N, Hughes AD, Patalay P, Khanolkar AR. Adverse childhood experiences and the development of multimorbidity across adulthood-a national 70-year cohort study. Age Ageing 2023; 52:afad062. [PMID: 37104379 PMCID: PMC10137110 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) on rates and development of multimorbidity across three decades in adulthood. METHODS Sample: Participants from the 1946 National Survey of Health and Development, who attended the age 36 assessment in 1982 and follow-up assessments (ages 43, 53, 63, 69; N = 3,264, 51% males). Prospectively collected data on nine ACEs was grouped into (i) psychosocial, (ii) parental health and (iii) childhood health. For each group, we calculated cumulative ACE scores, categorised into 0, 1 and ≥2 ACEs. Multimorbidity was estimated as the total score of 18 health disorders.Serial cross-sectional linear regression was used to estimate associations between grouped ACEs and multimorbidity during follow-up. Longitudinal analysis of ACE-associated changes in multimorbidity trajectories across follow-up was estimated using linear mixed-effects modelling for ACE groups (adjusted for sex and childhood socioeconomic circumstances). FINDINGS Accumulation of psychosocial and childhood health ACEs were associated with progressively higher multimorbidity scores throughout follow-up. For example, those with ≥2 psychosocial ACEs experienced 0.20(95% CI 0.07, 0.34) more disorders at age 36 than those with none, rising to 0.61(0.18, 1.04) disorders at age 69.All three grouped ACEs were associated with greater rates of accumulation and higher multimorbidity trajectories across adulthood. For example, individuals with ≥2 psychosocial ACEs developed 0.13(-0.09, 0.34) more disorders between ages 36 and 43, 0.29(0.06, 0.52) disorders between ages 53 and 63, and 0.30(0.09, 0.52) disorders between ages 63 and 69 compared with no psychosocial ACEs. INTERPRETATIONS ACEs are associated with widening inequalities in multimorbidity development in adulthood and early old age. Public health policies should aim to reduce these disparities through individual and population-level interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca E Lacey
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Nishi Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Alun D Hughes
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, University College London Social Research Institute, London WC1H 0AL, UK
| | - Amal R Khanolkar
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Quiñones AR, McAvay GJ, Peak KD, Vander Wyk B, Allore HG. The Contribution of Chronic Conditions to Hospitalization, Skilled Nursing Facility Admission, and Death: Variation by Race. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:2014-2025. [PMID: 35932162 PMCID: PMC10144669 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multimorbidity (≥2 chronic conditions) is a common and important marker of aging. To better understand racial differences in multimorbidity burden and associations with important health-related outcomes, we assessed differences in the contribution of chronic conditions to hospitalization, skilled nursing facility admission, and mortality among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White older adults in the United States. We used data from a nationally representative study, the National Health and Aging Trends Study, linked to Medicare claims from 2011-2015 (n = 4,871 respondents). This analysis improved upon prior research by identifying the absolute contributions of chronic conditions using a longitudinal extension of the average attributable fraction for Black and White Medicare beneficiaries. We found that cardiovascular conditions were the greatest contributors to outcomes among White respondents, while the greatest contributor to outcomes for Black respondents was renal morbidity. This study provides important insights into racial differences in the contributions of chronic conditions to costly health-care utilization and mortality, and it prompts policy-makers to champion delivery reforms that will expand access to preventive and ongoing care for diverse Medicare beneficiaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Quiñones
- Correspondence to Dr. Ana R. Quiñones, Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239 (e-mail: )
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Hawn SE, Hawrilenko M, McDowell Y, Campbell S, Garcia NM, Simpson TL. An in-depth look at latent classes of DSM-5 psychiatric comorbidity among individuals with PTSD: Clinical indicators and treatment utilization. J Clin Psychol 2022; 78:2214-2244. [PMID: 35973077 PMCID: PMC9561047 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with high comorbidity rates across the full range of psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about how psychiatric comorbidity manifests among people with PTSD, particularly with regard to concurrent diagnoses. METHOD Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to characterize discrete classes of PTSD comorbidity using past year DSM-5 diagnostic standards among a large nationally representative epidemiologic sample of U.S. adults. Follow-up analyses compared participant characteristics across latent classes. RESULTS The LCA was best characterized by five classes: low comorbidity, distress-fear, distress-externalizing, mania-fear-externalizing, and mania-externalizing. Excluding the low comorbidity class, proportions of borderline and schizotypal personality disorder were high across classes. CONCLUSION Participant characteristics across classes of past year PTSD comorbidity are explored through the lens of case conceptualization and treatment planning utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sage E. Hawn
- National Center for PTSD, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew Hawrilenko
- VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Sarah Campbell
- VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Tracy L. Simpson
- VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health Indicators in a Young Adult, College Student Sample: Differences by Gender. Int J Behav Med 2020; 27:660-667. [DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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