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Fleury J, Komnenich P, Coon DW, Pituch K. Feasibility of the Remembering Warmth and Safeness Intervention in older ADRD caregivers. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 59:40-47. [PMID: 38986428 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of older adults in the U.S. living with ADRD is projected to increase dramatically by 2060. As older adults increasingly assume informal caregiving responsibilities, community-based intervention to sustain caregiver well-being is a dementia research priority. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of the RWSI among older ADRD caregivers. The RWSI is informed by the Neurovisceral Integration Model, in which memories that engage safety signals cultivate feelings of safety and well-being. METHODS A within-subjects pre/post-intervention design with older ADRD caregivers to evaluate feasibility (acceptability, demand, fidelity) and empirical promise (well-being). RESULTS The feasibility of the RWSI, implemented with fidelity, was strongly endorsed, as participants attended each intervention session, after which reported experiencing feelings of warmth and safeness, and provided the highest possible acceptability ratings. Participant narratives provided corroboration. DISCUSSION Findings support the feasibility of the RWSI in older ADRD caregivers, providing the basis for continued research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Fleury
- Hanner Memorial Endowed Professor, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Center for Innovation in Healthy and Resilient Aging, Arizona State University, United States.
| | - Pauline Komnenich
- Professor, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Center for Innovation in Healthy and Resilient Aging, Arizona State University, United States
| | - David W Coon
- Professor, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Center for Innovation in Healthy and Resilient Aging, Arizona State University, United States
| | - Keenan Pituch
- Professor, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Center for Innovation in Healthy and Resilient Aging, Arizona State University, United States
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2
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Guo W, Mazzola P. Exploring holistic care approach for early-stage dementia: a grounded theory study shows the importance of social and emotional dimensions. Evid Based Nurs 2024:ebnurs-2024-103967. [PMID: 38977294 DOI: 10.1136/ebnurs-2024-103967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Guo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Mazzola
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Acute Geriatrics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- NeuroMI - Milan Center for Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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3
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Zhou W, Song X, Si H, Bian Y, Liu Q, Li Y, Yu J, Wang C. Effectiveness of interventions for informal caregivers of community-dwelling frail older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38969397 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM Systematic reviews on interventions for informal caregivers of community-dwelling frail older adults were published over a decade ago and they mistook frailty for other severe age-related conditions like disability and dementia. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically synthesize these interventions supporting these caregivers identified by an acknowledged frailty assessment instrument and to examine their effectiveness on caregiver-related outcomes. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Fourteen electronic databases, grey literature and reference lists were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs) from inception to November 3, 2023. METHODS Methodology quality and risk of bias were assessed. Data were meta-analysed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, version 3.0. Studies and outcomes unsuitable for meta-analysis were summarized by narrative syntheses. RESULTS Four studies consisting of three RCTs and one NRCT were included involving 350 participants. Interventions for caregivers of frail older adults included multicomponent interventions (n = 3) and education intervention (n = 1). Interventions had a moderate effect on reducing depression and showed nonsignificant effects on caregiver burden, caregiving time or quality of life (QoL). The PEDro scores for RCTs ranged from 6 to 8, indicating good methodologic quality, but were all judged as high risk of bias. The NRCT reported all methodologic aspects and was at low risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Few studies focus on interventions targeting caregivers of frail older adults, and their effectiveness may vary by outcomes. This review suggested the potential benefits of these interventions in reducing caregivers' depression. IMPACT The differential effectiveness by outcomes and high risk of bias of studies implicate that more rigorous studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendie Zhou
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Song
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huaxin Si
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Bian
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinqin Liu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cuili Wang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Metzger S, Lee J, McDavid L. Literature Review: Support for caregivers of children on the ketogenic diet for epilepsy and other neurologic disorders. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 156:109830. [PMID: 38759426 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy affects millions of people and when medications are insufficient to maintain seizure control, individuals are diagnosed with refractory epilepsy (RE). Medical ketogenic diet therapy (KDT), a diet high in fat and low in carbohydrates and sufficient in protein, is a well-established treatment for RE. However, compliance is one of the main reasons for discontinuation of KDT and, with pediatric RE patients, the ability of informal caregivers, typically family members, to maintain diet adherence is vital for successful KDT treatment. The central role that informal caregivers play for effective KDT implementation is recognized, however, there is a need to elucidate the rationale and theoretical underpinnings of effective KDT caregiver support programs to inform best practices. Therefore, this systematic literature review aims to identify the existing fundamental understandings of KDT caregiver support to help build a foundation of theory-based knowledge to promote evidenced practice. After screening 137 publications, three studies that discussed potential underlying components of effective caregiver support were included in this review. These articles followed a similar approach as they 1) employed qualitative methods delving into caregiver needs, 2) findings highlighted the importance of support from family, friends, fellow caregivers and their child's medical team, and 3) the inclusion of caregiver support findings were a supplement to the main purpose of the manuscript. Research focused on KDT caregivers is in its infancy. There is a clear need for the systematic examination of support for KDT caregivers to build a foundation for effective support programs and to increase the access to quality support programming to foster KDT implementation, desirable patient outcomes, and caregiver well being. In this article we discuss opportunities to apply self-determination theory to the KDT caregiver support research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Metzger
- SarahMetzgerNutrition, LLC 1418 Wembley Ct NE Atlanta, GA 30329, United States.
| | - Jessica Lee
- Co-Founder of Keto Hope Foundation and Director of Keto Friends support network. 845 Houston Northcutt Blvd #1066, Mt Pleasant, SC 29464, United States
| | - Lindley McDavid
- Senior Evaluation and Research Associate, Evaluation and Learning Research Center, Purdue University, 100 North University Street, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Mildrum Chana S, Álvarez L, Poe A, Bibriescas N, Wang DH, DiFiglia S, Azuero A, Crowe M, Puga F. The Daily Experiences of Hispanic and Latinx Dementia Caregivers Study: Protocol for a Fully Remote Daily Diary Observational Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e55216. [PMID: 38869929 PMCID: PMC11211706 DOI: 10.2196/55216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hispanic and Latinx community is disproportionately affected by Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRDs). In the United States, approximately 8.5 million caregivers of individuals with ADRDs identify as Hispanic and Latinx people, and caregiving-related stress and burden place caregivers at elevated risk for poor mental health outcomes, as well as loneliness and social isolation. To date, there is limited knowledge about the daily stress experiences of Hispanic and Latinx caregivers. Given this knowledge gap, it is critical to examine how personal, cultural, and contextual factors influence daily stress, mental health, and resilience over time among Hispanic and Latinx ADRD caregivers. OBJECTIVE The goal of this protocol report is to present the rationale, methodology, planned analytical strategy, progress completed to date, and implications of future findings for "Nuestros Días" (Spanish for "our days"), a fully remote daily diary (DD), observational cohort study examining the day-to-day experiences of Hispanic and Latinx ADRD caregivers. METHODS The study will recruit a cohort of up to 500 Hispanic and Latinx caregivers of individuals living with ADRD. Participants will complete measures assessing contextual, individual-level, and cultural factors at 3 intervals (enrollment, 6 months, and 12 months). Each of the timepoints will be followed by 21 days of DD surveys to report on daily stress, stress moderators, and mental health variables. RESULTS Data collection began in March 2023 and is projected to end in December 2026. As of March 2024, we have enrolled 60 caregivers in the Nuestros Días study, 78.9% (n=15) of whom are Spanish speakers. The current completion rate for DD surveys is 79.4%, averaging approximately 18 surveys out of 21 completed. We expect to enroll 10 to 15 participants per month moving forward to achieve our enrollment goal. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study will identify which Hispanic and Latinx ADRD caregivers, and under what circumstances, appear to be at the greatest risk of experiencing poor mental health outcomes over time. This study represents a critical step forward in providing key guidance to develop effective, culturally sensitive interventions to support the health and well-being of Hispanic and Latinx ADRD caregivers, a historically underrepresented and underserved population in aging and caregiving research. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/55216.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Mildrum Chana
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Lorelí Álvarez
- Department of Acute, Chronic and Continuing Care, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Abigail Poe
- Department of Acute, Chronic and Continuing Care, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Natashia Bibriescas
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Danny Hai Wang
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Stephanie DiFiglia
- MJHS Institute for Innovation in Palliative Care, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andrés Azuero
- Department of Nursing Family, Community & Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michael Crowe
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Frank Puga
- Department of Acute, Chronic and Continuing Care, School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Becker L, Graessel E, Pendergrass A. Predictors of the quality of the relationship between informal caregiver and care recipient in informal caregiving of older people: presentation and evaluation of a new item. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:342. [PMID: 38858769 PMCID: PMC11165870 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An important factor that has not been directly addressed very often in caregiver (CG) counseling to date is the quality of the relationship between the CG and the care recipient (CR). One reason is the lack of availability of a suitable assessment tool that is not strongly influenced by social desirability. Here, we present and evaluate a new item for the assessment of relationship quality (RQ) in the context of informal caregiving of older people. METHODS N = 962 informal caregivers of older people participated. Our item assessed RQ by providing three answer categories (positive, neutral, and negative) that were presented through the use of smiley faces. For evaluation, and to avoid bias due to social desirability, the neutral and negative categories were combined. We calculated a stepwise binary logistic regression. RESULTS Expected associations with the variables care burden, perceived positive aspects, and care motivation were found (all p values < 0.01). An exploratory analysis revealed that additional predictors of RQ consisted of the CR's age as well as whether the CR's diagnosis was dementia, CG's amount of dysfunctional coping, and whether the CG was caring for more than one CR. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that our item is well-suited for the assessment of RQ in the context of informal caregiving of older people. Because it uses language-free answer categories by means of smiley faces, our item can be applied easily. Bias due to social desirability can be minimized by dichotomization (i.e., combining the negative and neural answer categories). In future research, our tool should be evaluated in other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Becker
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Health Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nägelsbachstr. 49a, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
- Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Vinzenz Pallotti University gGmbH, Vallendar, Germany.
| | - Elmar Graessel
- Center for Health Service Research in Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Pendergrass
- Center for Health Service Research in Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Collins-Pisano C, Leggett AN, Gambee D, Fortuna KL. Usability, Acceptability, and Preliminary Effectiveness of a Peer-Delivered and Technology-Supported Mental Health Intervention for Family Caregivers of People With Dementia: Field Usability Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2024; 11:e41202. [PMID: 38801660 PMCID: PMC11165281 DOI: 10.2196/41202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family caregivers of people with dementia are critical to the quality of life of care recipients and the sustainability of health care systems but face an increased risk of emotional distress and negative physical and mental health outcomes. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the usability, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of a technology-based and caregiver-delivered peer support program, the Caregiver Remote Education and Support (CARES) smartphone or tablet app. METHODS A total of 9 adult family caregivers of people with dementia received the CARES intervention, and 3 former family caregivers of people with dementia were trained to deliver it. Quantitative data were collected at baseline and at the end of the 2-week field usability study. Qualitative data were also collected at the end of the 2-week field usability study. RESULTS The field usability study demonstrated that a 2-week peer-delivered and technology-supported mental health intervention designed to improve burden, stress, and strain levels was experienced by former and current family caregivers of people with dementia as acceptable. Current family caregivers rated CARES as above average in usability, whereas the caregiver peer supporters rated CARES as marginally usable. CARES was associated with non-statistically significant improvements in burden, stress, and strain levels. CONCLUSIONS This field usability study demonstrated that it is possible to train former family caregivers of people with dementia to use technology to deliver a mental health intervention to current family caregivers of people with dementia. Future studies would benefit from a longer trial; a larger sample size; a randomized controlled design; and a control of covariables such as stages of dementia, years providing care, and severity of dementia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Collins-Pisano
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Amanda N Leggett
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - David Gambee
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Karen L Fortuna
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3708-3821. [PMID: 38689398 PMCID: PMC11095490 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including prevalence and incidence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care and the ramifications of AD for family caregivers, the dementia workforce and society. The Special Report discusses the larger health care system for older adults with cognitive issues, focusing on the role of caregivers and non-physician health care professionals. An estimated 6.9 million Americans age 65 and older are living with Alzheimer's dementia today. This number could grow to 13.8 million by 2060, barring the development of medical breakthroughs to prevent or cure AD. Official AD death certificates recorded 119,399 deaths from AD in 2021. In 2020 and 2021, when COVID-19 entered the ranks of the top ten causes of death, Alzheimer's was the seventh-leading cause of death in the United States. Official counts for more recent years are still being compiled. Alzheimer's remains the fifth-leading cause of death among Americans age 65 and older. Between 2000 and 2021, deaths from stroke, heart disease and HIV decreased, whereas reported deaths from AD increased more than 140%. More than 11 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 18.4 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias in 2023. These figures reflect a decline in the number of caregivers compared with a decade earlier, as well as an increase in the amount of care provided by each remaining caregiver. Unpaid dementia caregiving was valued at $346.6 billion in 2023. Its costs, however, extend to unpaid caregivers' increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes. Members of the paid health care and broader community-based workforce are involved in diagnosing, treating and caring for people with dementia. However, the United States faces growing shortages across different segments of the dementia care workforce due to a combination of factors, including the absolute increase in the number of people living with dementia. Therefore, targeted programs and care delivery models will be needed to attract, better train and effectively deploy health care and community-based workers to provide dementia care. Average per-person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 and older with AD or other dementias are almost three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are more than 22 times as great. Total payments in 2024 for health care, long-term care and hospice services for people age 65 and older with dementia are estimated to be $360 billion. The Special Report investigates how caregivers of older adults with cognitive issues interact with the health care system and examines the role non-physician health care professionals play in facilitating clinical care and access to community-based services and supports. It includes surveys of caregivers and health care workers, focusing on their experiences, challenges, awareness and perceptions of dementia care navigation.
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Iacob E, Caserta M, Donaldson G, Sparks C, Terrill A, Thompson A, Wong B, Utz RL. Evaluating the Efficacy of Time for Living and Caring: An Online Intervention to Support Dementia Caregivers' Use of Respite. Innov Aging 2024; 8:igae043. [PMID: 38803611 PMCID: PMC11129597 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Respite, defined as time away from caregiving, is the most requested type of caregiver support. Time for Living and Caring (TLC) is a virtual coaching "app" that helps caregivers schedule and plan their respite time-use. The objectives of this analysis are: (1) to assess the efficacy of the TLC intervention on respite time-use and on caregiver well-being and (2) to identify the key features of the intervention that serve as the likely mechanism of action. Research Design and Methods A sample of dementia caregivers (n = 163, 79% female, 84% White, 6% Hispanic, average age 62) were randomized into one of two intervention delivery methods. Intervention efficacy was evaluated using pre/post-comparisons of respite time-use and an additive "dosing" model that estimated unique parameters associated with the exposure to each specific intervention component. Results Both immediate and delayed-attention groups reported increased respite time. They also improved in their ability to plan and perceive benefit from their respite time-use over the 16-week intervention period. At 8 weeks, the immediate group did not change in anxiety, whereas the delayed group worsened (p < .001). At 16 weeks, the groups were similar in their anxiety levels. By the 20-week follow-up period, when neither group had access to TLC, both experienced an increase in anxiety. Discussion and Implications TLC is a promising intervention that may support caregivers' well-being, by helping them schedule and plan their respite to maximize its benefit. The provision of weekly coaching seems to be the intervention component (mechanism) associated with caregiver outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration NCT03689179.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Iacob
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael Caserta
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Gary Donaldson
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Catharine Sparks
- College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Amber Thompson
- College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Bob Wong
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rebecca L Utz
- College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Atefi GL, Koh WQ, Kohl G, Seydavi M, Swift JK, Akbari M, de Vugt ME. Adherence to Online Interventions for Family Caregivers of People With Dementia: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024:S1064-7481(24)00319-1. [PMID: 38735829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Online interventions hold promise in supporting the well-being of family caregivers and enhancing the quality of care they provide for individuals with long-term or chronic conditions. However, dropout rates from support programs among specific groups of caregivers, such as caregivers of people with dementia, pose a challenge. Focused reviews are needed to provide more accurate insights and estimates in this specific research area. METHODS A meta-analysis of dropout rates from available online interventions for family caregivers of people with dementia was conducted to assess treatment acceptability. A systematic search yielded 18 studies involving 1,215 caregivers. RESULTS The overall pooled dropout rate was 18.4%, with notable heterogeneity indicating varied intervention adherence. Interventions incorporating human contact, interactive features, and personalization strategies for specific types and stages of dementia predicted significantly lower dropout rates. Methodological assessment revealed variability in study quality. CONCLUSION Findings support the effectiveness of social support, personalization strategies, and co-design in enhancing intervention adherence among dementia family caregivers. Further research is needed to explore factors influencing dropout rates and conduct robust trials to refine the implementation of future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz L Atefi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Centre Limburg (GLA, MEV), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Wei Qi Koh
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (WQK), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gianna Kohl
- Research Department of Clinical (GK), Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mohammad Seydavi
- Department of Clinical Psychology (MS, MA), Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Joshua K Swift
- Department of Psychology (JKS), Idaho State University, 921 S. 8th St, Pocatello, ID
| | - Mehdi Akbari
- Department of Clinical Psychology (MS, MA), Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marjolein E de Vugt
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Centre Limburg (GLA, MEV), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Hevink M, Linden I, de Vugt M, Brodaty H, Low LF, Phillipson L, Jeon YH, Gresham M, Doucet S, Luke A, Vedel I, McAiney C, Szcześniak D, Błaszkiewicz M, Rymaszewska J, Verhey F, Wolfs C. Moving forward with dementia: an explorative cross-country qualitative study into post-diagnostic experiences. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38656033 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2342968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This explorative cross-country qualitative study aims to describe experiences of receiving a dementia diagnosis and experiences of support following a diagnosis in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and Poland. METHOD Qualitative study using projective techniques during online focus groups, online and telephone interviews with people with dementia and caregivers. RESULTS Twenty-three people with dementia and 53 caregivers participated. Qualitative content analysis revealed five themes; (1) 'Coming to terms with dementia' helped people deal with complex emotions to move forward. (3) 'The social network as a source of support' and (4) 'The challenges and realities of formal support' and impacted 'Coming to terms with dementia'. (2) 'Navigating life with dementia as a caregiver' highlights caregiver burden and was impacted by (4) 'The challenges and realities of formal support'. People were (5) 'Self-caring and preparing for tomorrow' as they focused on maintaining current health whilst planning the future. Despite differences in healthcare and post-diagnostic support systems, there were more similarities across countries than differences. CONCLUSION Across countries, formal support and support from friends and family are crucial for people with dementia and caregivers to come to terms with dementia and maintain carer wellbeing to ultimately live well with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Hevink
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Linden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein de Vugt
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lee-Fay Low
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lyn Phillipson
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Yun-Hee Jeon
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Meredith Gresham
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shelly Doucet
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, The Centre for Research in Integrated Care, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, Canada
| | - Alison Luke
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, The Centre for Research in Integrated Care, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, Canada
| | - Isabelle Vedel
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Carrie McAiney
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo and Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Dorota Szcześniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | - Frans Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Wolfs
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Atefi GL, van Knippenberg RJM, Bartels SL, Losada-Baltar A, Márquez-González M, Verhey FRJ, de Vugt ME. A Web-Based Intervention Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Family Caregivers of People With Dementia: Mixed Methods Feasibility Study. JMIR Aging 2024; 7:e53489. [PMID: 38574360 PMCID: PMC11027053 DOI: 10.2196/53489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), as an empirically based third-wave cognitive behavioral therapy, has shown promise in enhancing well-being and functioning across diverse populations. However, in the context of caregiving, the effect size of available ACT interventions remains at best moderate, sometimes accompanied by high dropout rates, highlighting the need for more effective and feasible intervention designs. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a fully online ACT program designed for family caregivers of people with dementia. This study aimed to boost psychological flexibility and support caregivers, enabling them to realize and prioritize their own life values alongside their caregiving responsibilities. METHODS A mixed methods feasibility study using an uncontrolled pretest-posttest design was conducted. This intervention included a 9-week web-based self-help program based on ACT incorporating collaborative goal setting and weekly web-based motivational coaching for family caregivers of people with dementia. This study involved 30 informal caregivers recruited through memory clinics and social media platforms in the Netherlands and received approval from the Medical Ethics Committee of the Maastricht University Medical Center+ (NL77389.068.21/metc21-029). RESULTS A total of 24 caregivers completed the postintervention assessment, indicating a high adherence rate (24/29, 83%). Caregivers reported positive feedback regarding collaborative goal setting, but some found challenges in implementing new skills due to their own habitual responses or the unpredictable context of dementia caregiving. Personalizing the intervention based on individual value preferences was highlighted as beneficial. CONCLUSIONS Compared to other web-based self-help ACT interventions for family caregivers, this intervention showed a high adherence and sufficient level of feasibility, which underscores the use of personalization in delivering web-based interventions. Moreover, the potential of this ACT-based intervention for family caregivers of people with dementia was demonstrated, suggesting that further research and a larger-scale controlled trial are warranted to validate its effectiveness. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070499.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz L Atefi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rosalia J M van Knippenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sara Laureen Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Andrés Losada-Baltar
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Márquez-González
- Biological and Health Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frans R J Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein E de Vugt
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Zhang H, Wang N, Bai N, Yin M. Conducting family meetings on families with dementia: An integrative review. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:1362-1375. [PMID: 38317507 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore the role of family meetings for individuals living with dementia and their family caregivers. DESIGN Integrative review. METHODS We conducted searches in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase databases (up to December 2022). Additionally, an ancestry search strategy was employed to supplement the retrieval of published literature related to family meetings or family conferences for people with dementia and their family caregivers. RESULTS The review integrated 11 articles, comprising seven quantitative studies, two qualitative studies, and two case reports. The findings did not indicate a significant improvement in end-of-life quality for individuals with dementia in the family meetings group compared to those receiving usual care. Limited evidence suggested some improvement in mental health outcomes for family caregivers. Both intervention and control groups incurred high care costs. However, family meetings appeared to delay nursing home placements for individuals with dementia. Two qualitative studies provided insights into the experiences of families and healthcare professionals participating in family meetings, highlighting opportunities and challenges in implementing such meetings. Additionally, two case reports offered specific and illustrative accounts of typical family meetings. CONCLUSION Family meetings can delay nursing home placements for elderly individuals with dementia. Families dealing with dementia perceive family meetings as an opportunity to collaborate with professionals in providing comprehensive care. Further research is needed to explore the effectiveness of family meetings in decision-making for families affected by dementia. Additionally, addressing timing and process coordination issues in family meetings is crucial for optimising their practices among families dealing with dementia. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE In order to make family meetings more accessible to families of individuals with dementia, we offer the following recommendations for future research and practice: Rather than a blanket rejection, the decision regarding the participation of individuals with dementia in family meetings should be based on their specific condition and the needs of their family. Coordination and harmonisation of opinions and perceptions among family members of individuals with dementia can sometimes be complex for healthcare professionals. The involvement of family coordinators may simplify this process. To determine the optimal timing for holding family meetings that can better assist families dealing with dementia, we propose that the right to initiate a meeting be granted to the family. This allows them to convene with healthcare professionals and address their concerns at their convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyue Zhang
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Nan Bai
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Yin
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Ozcan M, Akyar I. The effect of structured education and phone follow-up on moderate stage Alzheimer's disease caregiving: Outcomes for patient and caregivers. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2024; 21:e12574. [PMID: 38031663 DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the effectiveness of a caregiver education (needs tailored) and telephone follow-up intervention for caregivers of people with moderate stage Alzheimer's disease on caregiver burden, caregiving impact on life, and patients' neuropsychiatric symptoms, dependence on activities of daily living. METHODS This quasi-experimental study sampled caregivers of people with moderate stage Alzheimer's. Caregivers in the intervention group received education and telephone follow-up over 12 weeks, while the control group received routine care. Caregivers were assessed for burden, changes in life, and patients for neuropsychiatric symptoms, and dependence on daily living activities. RESULTS The caregiver burden, life changes, distress, and patients' neuropsychiatric symptom scores showed apparent trend toward betterment, but no statistically significant differences were found in study outcomes between the two groups (P > .05). CONCLUSION The caregiver need-based, structured education and telephone follow-up intervention was not empirically effective. With the promising effect from this study, managing behavioral symptoms with need-based, structured, and skill-oriented training has the potential to alleviate the burden on caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munevver Ozcan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
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15
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Knapp M, Lorenz-Dant K, Walbaum M, Comas-Herrera A, Cyhlarova E, Livingston G, Wittenberg R. Scaling-up an evidence-based intervention for family carers of people with dementia: Current and future costs and outcomes. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 39:e6059. [PMID: 38279805 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The STrAtegies for RelaTives (START) intervention is effective and cost-effective in supporting family carers of people with dementia. It is currently not available to all eligible carers in England. What would be the impacts on service costs and carer health-related quality of life if START was provided to all eligible carers in England, currently and in future? METHODS Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness data from a previously conducted randomised controlled trial were combined with current and future projections of numbers of people with newly diagnosed dementia to estimate overall and component costs and health-related quality of life outcomes between 2015 (base year for projections) and 2040. RESULTS Scaling-up START requires investments increasing annually but would lead to significant savings in health and social care costs. Family carers of people with dementia would experience improvements in mental health and quality of life, with clinical effects lasting at least 6 years. Scaling up the START intervention to eligible carers was estimated to cost £9.4 million in 2020, but these costs would lead to annual savings of £68 million, and total annual quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gains of 1247. Although the costs of START would increase to £19.8 million in 2040, savings would rise to £142.7 million and Quality adjusted life years gained to 1883. CONCLUSIONS Scaling-up START for family carers of people with dementia in England would improve the lives of family carers and reduce public sector costs. Family carers play a vital part in dementia care; evidence-based interventions that help them to maintain this role, such as START, should be available across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Knapp
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Klara Lorenz-Dant
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
- General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Walbaum
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Adelina Comas-Herrera
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Eva Cyhlarova
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | - Raphael Wittenberg
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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Gallagher VT, Reilly SE, Worthington G, Patrie J, Manning C. Individualized Coordination and Empowerment for Care Partners of Persons with Dementia (ICECaP): Study rationale and protocol. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 137:107418. [PMID: 38135211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The majority of care for >10 million older adults with dementia (PWD) in the United States depends on at least on 11 million unpaid care partners (CPs). CPs are at greater risk of adverse physical, psychological, and cognitive health outcomes relative to non-caregiving peers. The goal of this paper is to establish the rationale, design, and protocol for a pilot randomized control trial to test the efficacy of the CP-focused intervention, ICECaP: Individualized Coordination and Empowerment for Care Partners of Persons with Dementia. ICECaP involves the assignment of a trained dementia care coordinator to a CP. The care coordinator maintains at least monthly contact with the CP with hybrid delivery (in-person, phone, e-mail, and video calls) and provides individualized support with care coordination for the CP navigating the PWD's care in a complex healthcare system, as well as supportive counseling, psychoeducation, and skills training for the CP. This trial will compare outcomes from baseline to 12-months among CPs who receive ICECaP versus routine care (controls). Outcomes include CP depression, burden, anxiety, and quality of life; CPs' reactions to the behavioral symptoms of dementia; and use of support services for the PWD. This trial will also assess mechanisms of intervention efficacy including changes in CP dementia knowledge, caregiving preparedness, self-efficacy, and optimism. Publication of this intervention protocol will benefit other dementia care teams seeking to support CPs and PWDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia T Gallagher
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 801018, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
| | - Shannon E Reilly
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 801018, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
| | - George Worthington
- Division for Community Living, Virginia Department for Aging and Rehabilitative Services, USA.
| | - James Patrie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, USA.
| | - Carol Manning
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 801018, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
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17
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Chan HM, Ho KHM, Pang RCK, Chan HYL. Strategies and factors to enhance active participation of family caregivers of people with dementia in psychoeducation: A scoping review. DEMENTIA 2024; 23:272-291. [PMID: 38091474 DOI: 10.1177/14713012231220231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Psychoeducation with an active participation component is effective in facilitating family caregivers of people living with dementia to learn about the disease and gain relevant caregiving skills. However, research into the best strategies to promote active participation has received little attention, and the factors hindering active participation are also unknown. Therefore, the nine-stage framework of the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews was adopted to map and identify information about the active participation of family caregivers of people living with dementia in psychoeducation. The search criteria focused on identifying primary research studies and grey literature relevant to psychoeducation with active participation that had the family caregivers of community dwelling people living with dementia as the target population. Two reviewers independently screened and selected items from the literature. Content analysis was conducted to thematically synthesise strategies mentioned in 29 articles published from 2011 and 2021. Content analysis revealed six strategies that promoted active participation: (1) the involvement of interventionist and qualifications; (2) the teaching and learning methods used to conduct psychoeducation with active participation; (3) tailoring the contents and formats to the experiences, preferences, and resources of the caregivers; (4) collaborating with caregivers; (5) facilitating sharing and support between peers; and (6) providing experiential learning opportunities. Two factors hindering active caregiver participation were negative caregiver emotions and cultural taboos. This review offers ideas for evidence-based practices that can be used by health and social care providers when planning psychoeducation with active participation for the family caregivers of people living with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Man Chan
- The Nethersole School of NursingThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ken Hok Man Ho
- The Nethersole School of NursingThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Helen Yue Lai Chan
- The Nethersole School of NursingThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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García-Batalloso I, Cabrera I, Losada-Baltar A, Mérida-Herrera L, Olazarán J, Márquez-González M. Network Analysis of Comorbid Depressive and Anxious Symptoms in Family Caregivers of People with Dementia. Clin Gerontol 2024; 47:244-256. [PMID: 37230486 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2023.2217162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is an in-depth approach to depressive-anxious comorbidity in caregivers according to stress reactivity to disruptive behaviors using network analysis. METHODS The sample was composed of 317 primary family caregivers recruited through Day Care Centers and Neurology Services. The sample was split into low and high stress reactivity groups, based on their reports of reaction to disruptive behaviors. Depressive and anxious symptoms, daily hours dedicated to caregiving, time of caring, frequency of disruptive behaviors, co-residence, and kinship were also cross-sectionally measured. RESULTS The sample had a mean age of 62.38 years (SD = 12.97) and 68.5% were women. Regarding the network analysis, while the low reactivity group presents a sparse network, with no connection between anxious and depressive symptoms, the high reactivity group shows a high connection of intra and intercategory symptoms, with apathy, sadness, feeling depressed, and tension being the bridge symptoms between disorders. CONCLUSIONS Caregivers' stress reaction to disruptive behaviors might be a key factor for understanding comorbidity between depressive and anxious symptoms. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Tension, apathy, sadness, and feeling depressed should be clinical targets in the interventions, as they act as bridge symptoms between anxious and depressive symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés García-Batalloso
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cabrera
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Mérida-Herrera
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Olazarán
- Service of Neurology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Márquez-González
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Montoro-Rodriguez J, Ramsey J, Bilbrey AC, Kajiyama B, Thompson LW, Gallagher-Thompson D. Caregiver Thrive, Learn, & Connect: Testing the Efficacy of an Online Psychoeducational Program for Family Caregivers. Clin Gerontol 2024; 47:39-49. [PMID: 37416945 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2023.2232352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research reports that providing care to a relative or friend with a chronic health condition or significant neurocognitive disorders, such as dementia is a demanding job. Caregiving often leads to higher risk for adverse mental health outcomes. In this study, we examine the short-term efficacy of the CaregiverTLC online psychoeducational program to caregivers of adults with chronic health or significant memory troubles. METHOD Using pre-post data from the CaregiverTLC randomized controlled trial (n = 81) we examined differences between the intervention and control conditions on caregivers' psychosocial outcomes for depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, burden, anxiety, and caregiver gains. RESULTS Data analyses indicated significant decrease in self-reported depressive symptoms, burden, anxiety, and significant increases in self-efficacy and caregiver gains for caregivers in the active intervention compared to those in the control condition. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that regardless of whether caregivers care for a person with a chronic illness or significant neurocognitive disorder, they can benefit from participation in this online psychoeducational program. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The CaregiverTLC program may be an effective method to teach skills to reduce depression, burden, and anxiety, and improve self-efficacy and personal gains among caregivers of older adults with chronic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Ramsey
- Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | | | | | - Larry Wolford Thompson
- Endocrinology, Gerontology & Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
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20
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Hwang Y, Kim J. Influence of caregivers' psychological well-being on the anxiety and depression of care recipients with dementia. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 55:44-51. [PMID: 37972435 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine how caregivers' psychological well-being influences the anxiety or depression of care recipients with dementia. A secondary data analysis was conducted using 666 dyads of older adults with dementia and their caregivers. The odds that care recipients with dementia would experience anxiety increased when caregivers had a negative relationship with care recipients (OR = 1.22, p = 0.042), lower perception of the positive aspects of caregiving (OR = 0.86, p = 0.047), or anxiety (OR = 2.41, p = 0.036). The odds that care recipients with dementia would experience depression increased when caregivers had a greater perception of the negative aspects of caregiving (OR = 1.15, p = 0.023) or anxiety (OR = 2.21, p = 0.045). Since care recipients with dementia and their caregivers spend considerable time together daily, caregivers' psychological well-being can impact care recipients' anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Hwang
- Seoul National University, College of Nursing and Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jayeong Kim
- Seoul National University, College of Nursing and Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul, Korea
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Perales-Puchalt J, Ramírez-Mantilla M, Fracachán-Cabrera M, Vidoni ED, Ellerbeck EF, Ramírez AS, Watts A, Williams K, Burns J. A text message intervention to support latino dementia family caregivers (CuidaTEXT): feasibility study. Clin Gerontol 2024; 47:50-65. [PMID: 36268684 PMCID: PMC10119327 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2137449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of CuidaTEXT: a bidirectional text message intervention to support Latino dementia family caregivers. METHODS CuidaTEXT is a six-month, bilingual intervention tailored to caregiver needs (e.g., education, problem-solving, resources). We used convenience sampling and reached 31 potential participants via clinics, registries, community promotion, and online advertising. We enrolled 24 Latino caregivers in a one-arm trial and assessed feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy within six months. RESULTS None of the participants unsubscribed from CuidaTEXT and 83.3% completed the follow up survey. Most participants (85.7%) reported reading most text messages thoroughly. All participants reported being very or extremely satisfied with the intervention. Participants reported that CuidaTEXT helped a lot (vs not at all, a little, or somehow) in caring for their care recipient (71.4%; n = 15), for themselves (66.7%; n = 14), and understanding more about dementia (85.7%; n = 18). Compared to baseline, at six months caregiver behavioral symptom distress (0-60) decreased from 19.8 to 12.0 and depression (0-30) from 8.8 to 5.4 (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS CuidaTEXT demonstrated high levels of feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy among Latino caregivers. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS CuidaTEXT's feasibility and potential for widespread implementation holds promise in supporting Latino caregivers of people with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Perales-Puchalt
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, Kansas, USA
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, Kansas, USA
| | | | | | - Eric D Vidoni
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, Kansas, USA
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, Kansas, USA
| | - Edward F Ellerbeck
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, Kansas, USA
| | - A Susana Ramírez
- Department of Public Health, University of California, Merced, California, USA
| | - Amber Watts
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, Kansas, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Kristine Williams
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, Kansas, USA
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, Kansas, USA
| | - Jeffrey Burns
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, Kansas, USA
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, Kansas, USA
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Coumoundouros C, El Arab RA, Farrand P, Hamilton A, Sanderman R, von Essen L, Woodford J. Potential Implementers' Perspectives on the Development and Implementation of an e-Mental Health Intervention for Caregivers of Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease: Qualitative Interview Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2023; 10:e51461. [PMID: 37792676 PMCID: PMC10692875 DOI: 10.2196/51461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND e-Mental health interventions can improve access to mental health support for caregivers of people living with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, implementation challenges often prevent effective interventions from being put into practice. To develop an e-mental health intervention for caregivers of people living with CKD that is optimized for future implementation, it is important to engage professionals that may endorse or deliver the intervention (ie, potential implementers) during intervention development. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the perspectives of potential implementers working in kidney care, in mental health care, or at nonprofit organizations regarding the design and implementation of an e-mental health intervention for caregivers of people living with CKD. METHODS Potential implementers (N=18) were recruited via National Health Service Trusts, email, and social media advertisements to participate in semistructured video interviews. Interview questions were informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Data were analyzed using a deductive analysis approach using the CFIR, with inductive coding applied to relevant data not captured by the framework. RESULTS A total of 29 generic categories, related to 17 CFIR constructs, were identified. The perceived fit between the intervention and implementation context (ie, existing service delivery models and work routines) and existing social networks among potential implementers were perceived as important factors in enhancing implementation potential. However, a need for capacity building among potential implementers to create systems to support the identification and referral of caregivers to an e-mental health intervention was identified. Equity concerns were raised regarding the intervention, highlighting the importance of incorporating an equity lens during intervention design to enhance accessibility and adoption. CONCLUSIONS Potential implementers provided valuable insights into key design and implementation factors to help inform the development of an e-mental health intervention for caregivers of people living with CKD. Incorporating their feedback can help ensure the intervention is acceptable and inform the selection of future implementation strategies to enhance the implementation potential of the intervention. Potential implementers should continue to be engaged throughout intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Coumoundouros
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Clinical Education, Development and Research (CEDAR), Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Rabie Adel El Arab
- Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Healthcare Research Group (GRECS), Institute for Biomedical Research (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Paul Farrand
- Clinical Education, Development and Research (CEDAR), Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Hamilton
- Exeter Kidney Unit, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Robbert Sanderman
- Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Louise von Essen
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joanne Woodford
- Healthcare Sciences and e-Health, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Gaugler JE, Zmora R, Peterson CM, Mitchell LL, Jutkowitz E, Duval S. What interventions keep older people out of nursing homes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:3609-3621. [PMID: 37526432 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing home admission remains a central outcome in many healthcare systems and community-based programs. The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions in preventing nursing home admission for adults aged 65 years or older. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library were all last searched in March 2022 to identify up-to-date eligible studies for the meta-analysis. Two reviewers screened each abstract independently. In instances where reviewers disagreed as to inclusion, all reviewers convened to review the Abstract to come to a consensus decision regarding inclusion. Two reviewers independently collected data from each report. Disagreements were resolved using group consensus. The first author reviewed the narrative descriptions of intervention components to create a categorization scheme for the various interventions evaluated in selected studies. These categorizations were reviewed with the co-authors (second-fifth) and collapsed to create the final classification of intervention type. Study risk of bias was assessed using an instrument developed based on Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality (AHRQ) guidance. Differences between the percentages of participants in treatment versus control arms was the outcome of interest. RESULTS Two-hundred and eighty-three studies with a total of 203,735 older persons were included in the meta-analysis. Specialty geriatrics care (OR = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.60-0.99), multicomponent interventions (OR = 0.82, 95% CI, 0.67-0.99), and cognitive stimulation (OR = 0.60, 95% CI, 0.38-0.96) were associated with less frequent nursing home admission. Home-based and inpatient/discharge management interventions approached statistical significance but were not associated with reduced institutionalization. CONCLUSIONS Even in the face of complex care needs, older adults wish to live at home. Effectively disseminating and implementing geriatric care principles across healthcare encounters could achieve a highly valued and preferred outcome in older adulthood: aging in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Gaugler
- Division of Health Policy & Management, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rachel Zmora
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Colleen M Peterson
- Center for the Management of Information for Safe and Sustainable Transportation, University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lauren L Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, Emmanuel College, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Jutkowitz
- Department of Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sue Duval
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Jackson VL, Whitney RL, Harvath TA, Partridge E. Evaluation of a care management program on family caregivers of persons with dementia. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 54:310-317. [PMID: 37924568 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
As the U.S. population ages, dementia due to Alzheimer's or other disease is concerning for healthcare providers. Family caregivers (FCGs) of persons with dementia (PWDs) may experience negative outcomes. The University of California, Davis, Health (UCDH) Alzheimer's and Dementia Care (ADC) Program provides care management for PWDs and their FCGs. This pilot study evaluates the program's effect on FCG depression, strain, and distress. Despite an increase in dementia severity in PWDs, FCGs experienced decreased levels of depression, strain, and distress following 12 to 18 months in the UCDH ADC Program. Other findings include PWDs experiencing reductions in severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms and remaining at home with FCGs. Despite limitations, such as a relatively small sample size and lack of sample diversity, this pilot study demonstrated positive outcomes to both PWDs and their FCGs and contributes to the literature supporting dementia care management programs. Future projects should address these limitations to understand the experiences of a diverse population and to make dementia care management programs sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Jackson
- Healthy Aging Clinic, University of California, Davis, Health, 3160 Folsom Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95816, United States.
| | - Robin L Whitney
- Healthy Aging Clinic, University of California, Davis, Health, 3160 Folsom Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95816, United States
| | - Theresa A Harvath
- Healthy Aging Clinic, University of California, Davis, Health, 3160 Folsom Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95816, United States
| | - Eileen Partridge
- Healthy Aging Clinic, University of California, Davis, Health, 3160 Folsom Boulevard, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95816, United States
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Moermans VRA, Hamers JPH, Verbeek H, de Casterlé BD, Milisen K, Bleijlevens MHC. District nurses' experiences with involuntary treatment in dementia care at home: a qualitative descriptive study. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:394. [PMID: 37853344 PMCID: PMC10585764 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01553-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research shows that half of person(s) living with dementia (PLWD) receive care which they resist and/or have not given consent to, defined as involuntary treatment. District nurses play a key role in providing this care. Knowledge about how district nurses experience involuntary treatment is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the experiences of district nurses who used involuntary treatment for PLWD at home. METHODS A qualitative descriptive design using semi-structured interviews. Sixteen district nurses with experience in involuntary treatment for PLWD were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were analysed using the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven. RESULTS District nurses' experiences with involuntary treatment were influenced by their involvement in the decision-making process. When they were involved, they considered involuntary treatment use to be appropriate care. However, at the moment that involuntary treatment use was started, district nurses were worried that its use was unjust since they wished to respect the wishes of the PLWD. Eventually, district nurses found, from a professional perspective, that involuntary treatment use was necessary, and that safety outweighed the autonomy of the PLWD. District nurses experienced dealing with this dilemma as stressful, due to conflicting values. If district nurses were not involved in the decision-making process regarding the use of involuntary treatment, family caregivers generally decided on its use. Often, district nurses perceived this request as inappropriate dementia care and they first tried to create a dialogue with the family caregivers to reach a compromise. However, in most cases, family caregivers stood by their request and the district nurse still provided involuntary treatment and found this difficult to tolerate. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that district nurses experience involuntary treatment use as stressful due to dealing with obverse values of safety versus autonomy. To prevent involuntary treatment use and obverse values, we need to increase their ethical awareness, communication skills, knowledge and skills with person-centred care so they can deal with situations that can evolve into involuntary treatment use in a person-centred manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent R A Moermans
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Duboisdomein 30, Maastricht, 6229 GT, The Netherlands.
- Department of Nursing, White Yellow Cross Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
- Living Lab in Ageing and Long-Term Care, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan P H Hamers
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Duboisdomein 30, Maastricht, 6229 GT, The Netherlands
- Living Lab in Ageing and Long-Term Care, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hilde Verbeek
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Duboisdomein 30, Maastricht, 6229 GT, The Netherlands
- Living Lab in Ageing and Long-Term Care, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Koen Milisen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel H C Bleijlevens
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Duboisdomein 30, Maastricht, 6229 GT, The Netherlands
- Living Lab in Ageing and Long-Term Care, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Hetzel C, Bühne D, Michel W, Holzer M, Froböse I. [More free time for me? Effects of a group intervention for informal caregivers based on routine data from the SVLFG long-term care insurance]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 56:477-483. [PMID: 35852589 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-022-02086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intervention is a multiday health program of the Social Insurance for Agriculture, Forestry and Horticulture (SVLFG) for informal caregivers. AIM OF THE WORK Does the intervention increase the use of outside help to gain free time for self-care? MATERIAL AND METHODS Using a quasi-experimental within-design, we analyze annual benefit data from the SVLFG long-term care insurance for the cluster sample Bavaria from 2017 to 2020 with intervention in 2018/2019. Using fixed effects panel regressions, we determine the effect heterogeneity for care relationship, duration of care and degree of care, adjusting for period effects (intervention and comparison group: 88 and 6045 persons with 207 and 16,091 observations, respectively). RESULT After the intervention, the use of services for outside help tends to be higher than before. The effect is significantly more pronounced with increasing care level, care within the partnership and shorter care duration. With care within the partnership, start of care before 1 year and care level 4/5, more outside help is used afterwards for 1160 € (p < 0.001) than before. DISCUSSION Design and statistical method would allow a causal conclusion; however, in view of the limitations, in particular the small number of cases in the intervention group and the only limited characteristics available to control for time-dynamic heterogeneity, caution is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hetzel
- Institut für Qualitätssicherung in Prävention und Rehabilitation iqpr GmbH, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Eupener Str. 70, 50933, Köln, Deutschland.
| | - David Bühne
- Institut für Qualitätssicherung in Prävention und Rehabilitation iqpr GmbH, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Eupener Str. 70, 50933, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Michel
- Sozialversicherung für Landwirtschaft, Forsten und Gartenbau, Weißensteinstraße 70-72, 34131, Kassel, Deutschland
| | - Michael Holzer
- Sozialversicherung für Landwirtschaft, Forsten und Gartenbau, Weißensteinstraße 70-72, 34131, Kassel, Deutschland
| | - Ingo Froböse
- Institut für Bewegungstherapie und bewegungsorientierte Prävention und Rehabilitation, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Deutschland
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Yu DSF, Cheng ST, Chow EOW, Kwok T, McCormack B, Wu W. The effects of a salutogenic strength-based intervention on sense of coherence and health outcomes of dementia family carers: A randomized controlled trial. Age Ageing 2023; 52:afad160. [PMID: 37659094 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dementia caregiving is associated with notable impacts on the health of family carers. Although sense of coherence (SOC), as a core dimension of inner strength, has been found to have health-protecting effects in stressful encounters, few studies have designed a strength-based intervention to optimise SOC and thereby the health of carers. OBJECTIVES To identify the effects of a strength-based intervention on SOC, coping, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), perceived burden and depression among Chinese family carers of people with dementia and to examine whether the health effects, if any, are mediated through an enhanced SOC and effective coping. DESIGN A double-blind randomised controlled trial comparing a strengths-based intervention with a general education control. INTERVENTION A 14-session strengths-based intervention which combined the use of narrative and empowerment strategies to support the carers of people with dementia to optimise the use of their generalised resistance resources in coping with the caregiving situation. SETTING Older people community centres in Hong Kong. RESULTS A total of 350 family carers participated in the study (mean age: 65.0 (SD = 12.3); female: 84.6%). Participants who received the strength-based intervention reported significantly greater improvements in their SOC, mental health, perceived burden and depression, than those in the education group, over a 22-week evaluation period. Path analysis models revealed that an SOC wholly mediated the relationship between the strength-based intervention and mental HRQoL (covering energy/vitality and psychosocial functioning) and partially mediated the relationship between the strength-based intervention and depression. We did not identify any harm from the intervention. CONCLUSION A strength-based intervention is effective in improving the perceived burden and mental health of family caregivers of persons with dementia, and an SOC plays an important role in accounting for the mental health benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered in the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (Main ID: ChiCTR-IIC-17011097).
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Sau Fung Yu
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sheung-Tak Cheng
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Estlher Oi-Wah Chow
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Timothy Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Brendan McCormack
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery (Sydney Nursing School), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wenmiao Wu
- School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Huertas-Domingo C, Losada-Baltar A, Romero-Moreno R, Gallego-Alberto L, Márquez-González M. Sociocultural factors, guilt and depression in family caregivers of people with dementia. Kinship differences. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:1655-1665. [PMID: 37020430 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2195821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to analyze the role that family obligations and social desirability have for understanding guilt and depressive symptoms in family caregivers. A theoretical model is proposed to analyze this significance based on the kinship with the person cared for. METHODS Participants are 284 family caregivers of people with dementia divided into four kinship groups (husbands, wives, daughters and sons). Face-to-face interviews were conducted assessing sociodemographic variables, familism (family obligations), dysfunctional thoughts, social desirability, frequency and discomfort associated with problematic behaviors, guilt and depressive symptoms. Path analyses are performed to analyze the fit of the proposed model and multigroup analysis to study potential differences between kinship groups. RESULTS The proposed model fits the data well and explains significant percentages of variance of guilt feelings and depressive symptomatology for each group. The multigroup analysis suggests that, for daughters, higher family obligations were associated with depressive symptomatology through a report of higher dysfunctional thoughts. For daughters and wives, an indirect association between social desirability and guilt was observed through reaction to problematic behaviors. CONCLUSION The results support the need to consider the significance of sociocultural aspects such as family obligations and the desirability bias in the design and implementation of interventions for caregivers, especially for daughters. Considering that the variables that contribute to explaining caregivers' distress vary depending on the relationship with the person cared for, individualized interventions may be warranted depending on the kinship group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés Losada-Baltar
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Romero-Moreno
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Comunidad de Madrid, Spain
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Paulson D, McClure N, Wharton T, Gendron E, Allen Q, Irfan H. Caregiver Preparedness: A Therapeutic Mechanism and Moderating Factor on Outcomes for the Savvy Caregiver Program. Clin Gerontol 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37530457 PMCID: PMC10834848 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2023.2242357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence-based interventions for dementia caregivers, such as the Savvy Caregiver Program (SC), seek to address skills and knowledge deficits, caregiver burden, depressive symptoms, and grief. Little research has examined mechanisms by which these interventions accomplish their goals. Caregiver preparedness may be a possible mechanism by which caregiver interventions may confer benefits. METHODS The sample included 76 dementia caregivers who completed the 6-session SC. Participants completed the Anticipatory Grief Scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale, and the Zarit Burden Interview-Short Form. RESULTS A repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to determine the interaction between baseline scores and pre-post change in caregiver preparedness. Analysis significantly predicted caregiver burden, (F(1) = 6.68, p=.012, partial η2=.10), depressive symptom endorsement, (F(1) = 6.41, p=.014, partial η2=.09, and anticipatory grief, (F(1) = 6.22, p=.02, partial η2=.1), post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Pre-post change in caregiver preparedness significantly predicted pre-post change across measures of caregiver burden, depressive symptom endorsement, and anticipatory grief. Findings suggest that caregiver preparedness may be one mechanism by which the SC confers positive outcomes. These findings provide an empirical and theoretical basis for tailoring future dementia caregiver interventions. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Clinical Interventions may seek to improve caregiver preparedness and subsequent outcomes through utilization of programs like SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paulson
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Alzheimer's and Dementia Resource Center, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Nicole McClure
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Tracy Wharton
- Principal Research Scientist, National Network of Public Health Institutes, Washington, USA
| | - Edith Gendron
- Chief Operating Officer of ADRC, Winter Park, Florida, USA
| | - Quinn Allen
- Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
| | - Hanya Irfan
- Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
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Aksin OZ, Bilgic B, Guner P, Gunes ED, Kuscu K, Ormeci EL, Sayin S, Eser HY. Caregiver support and burden drive intention to engage in a peer-to-peer exchange of services among caregivers of dementia patients. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1208594. [PMID: 37484665 PMCID: PMC10359163 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1208594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The number of people diagnosed with dementia is increasing, creating significant economic burden globally. With the progression of the disease, patients need a caregiver whose wellbeing is important for continuous care. Providing respite as a service, through sharing the responsibility of caregiving or support for the caregiver, is a costly initiative. A peer-to-peer online support platform for dementia caregivers, motivated by the sharing economy, putting exchange of knowhow, resources, and services at its center, has the potential to balance cost concerns with a search for respite. The aim of this research is to assess caregivers' intention to engage in peer-to-peer exchange. Methods A survey including sociodemographic, technology use, and caregiving variables, structured questionnaires (Zarit caregiver burden, WHO brief quality of life scale, ADCS-ADL and chronic stress scale) were administered, January 2018-May 2019, in the dementia outpatient clinic of a university hospital, to a convenience sample of n = 203 individuals identifying themselves as primary caregivers. A path analysis exploring the drivers of an intention to engage in peer-to-peer service exchange was conducted. Results In the path model, caregivers experiencing higher caregiver burden showed higher intention to engage (0.079, p < 0.001). Disease stage had no effect while patient activities of daily living, chronic social role related stressors of the caregiver and general quality of life were significant for the effect on the caregiver burden. Existing household support decreased the caregiver burden, affecting the intention to engage. Caregivers who can share more know-how demonstrate a higher intention to engage (0.579, p = 0.021). Caregiver technology affinity (0.458, p = 0.004) and ability and openness to seek professional help for psychological diagnoses (1.595, p = 0.012) also increased intention to engage. Conclusion The model shows caregiver burden to be a major driver, along with caregiver characteristics that reflect their technology affinity and openness to the idea of general reciprocity. Existing support for obtaining knowhow and exchanging empathy have a direct effect on the intention to engage. Given the scarcity of caregiver support in the formal care channels, the identified potential of enlarging informal support via a peer-to-peer exchange mechanism holds promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Zeynep Aksin
- College of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Basar Bilgic
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Perihan Guner
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Evrim D. Gunes
- College of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Kemal Kuscu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - Serpil Sayin
- College of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hale Yapici Eser
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Puga F, Wang D, Rafford M, Poe A, Pickering CEZ. The relationship between daily stressors, social support, depression and anxiety among dementia family caregivers: a micro-longitudinal study. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:1291-1299. [PMID: 36038530 PMCID: PMC9971344 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2116392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationships between daily stress, social support, and the mental health of dementia family caregivers.Methods: A national sample of family caregivers (N = 165) completed daily diary surveys over 21 days (n = 2,841). Mixed-level models were used to examine the daily odds of experiencing depression and anxiety-related symptoms when risk factors, such as the stress of managing behavioral symptoms of dementia (BSDs) exhibited by the person living with dementia, and protective factors, such as social support, were reported on a given day.Results: Dementia caregivers were more likely to report depression and anxiety-related symptoms when BSDs were present and perceived as more bothersome than usual. Specific BSDs, including restless behaviors and intense emotions, were also found to increase the daily odds of experiencing depression and anxiety symptoms. The daily odds of depression symptoms decreased on days when caregivers reported receiving instrumental support, while the daily odds of anxiety symptoms increased on days when caregivers reported receiving emotional support.Conclusions: The daily odds of experiencing depression and anxietyvary based on the presence of specific BSDs and social support. These findings support the need for targeted interventions to improve the day-to-day well-being of dementia family caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Puga
- School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
| | - Danny Wang
- School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
| | - Meghan Rafford
- School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
| | - Abigail Poe
- School of Nursing, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL, USA
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Novais T, Vanhems E, Coste MH, Krolak-Salmon P. Educational care for patients with Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers in France: A mapping proposal. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2023; 111:107692. [PMID: 36917885 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To formalize a proposal for educational approach for patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) and caregivers across existing diagnosis/care organizations and structures. METHODS Three steps:1/ identifying the existing organizations and structures that could be involved in educational care; 2/ identifying the main educational skills of interest for ADRD patients and caregivers; 3/ conducting a survey among these organizations and structures to achieve a mapping proposal of educational care. RESULTS Nine organizations and structures, and 29 educational skills of interest were identified for the step 3 survey. Overall, 423 organizations/structures completed the step 3 survey. Twelve of 29 educational skills were covered by 50% of organizations/structures included. The most covered skills were "Maintaining autonomy in daily living activities", "coping with cognitive disorders", and "coping with behavioral disorders". CONCLUSIONS A mapping of educational care that could be provided by the different structures and organizations involved in the ADRD care pathway was proposed regarding their missions and intervention place. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Policy makers and funding bodies will need to invest in the healthcare professionals' training about educational approach and ADRD in order to extend educational care throughout the patient's care pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Novais
- Department of Pharmacy, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France; Lyon Institute for Aging, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, University Lyon1, F-69000 Lyon, France.
| | - Elyse Vanhems
- Lyon Institute for Aging, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | | | - Pierre Krolak-Salmon
- Lyon Institute for Aging, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; Clinical Research Centre (CRC) - VCF (Aging - Brain - Frailty), Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69000 Lyon, France; Neuroscience Research Centre of Lyon (CRNL), F-69000 Lyon, France
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Novais T, Qassemi S, Cestac P, McCambridge C, Villars H, Zueras A, Decaudin B, Dambrine M, Huvent-Grelle D, Roche J, Schoenenburg S, Federico D, Nier AC, Krolak-Salmon P, Mouchoux C. Impact of pharmaceutical care integrated at a psychosocial intervention to reduce caregiver's burden in Alzheimer's disease or related dementias: Negative results at 18 months and difficulties to conduct PHARMAID RCT. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 33:101146. [PMID: 37397433 PMCID: PMC10313878 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psychosocial interventions for caregivers of patients with Alzheimer disease and relative dementias (ADRD) reported a caregiver burden improvement. Multicomponent intervention integrating pharmaceutical care has not yet been evaluated while ADRD patients and their caregivers are exposed to high risk of drug-related problems. The PHARMAID study aimed to assess the impact of personalized pharmaceutical care integrated to a psychosocial program on the burden of ADRD caregivers at 18 months. Methods The PHARMAID RCT was conducted between September 2016 and June 2020 [ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02802371]. PHARMAID study planned to enroll 240 dyads, i.e. ADRD patients and caregivers, whose inclusion criteria were: outpatient with mild or major neurocognitive disorders due to ADRD, living at home, receiving support from a family caregiver. Three parallel groups compared a control group with two interventional groups: psychosocial intervention and integrated pharmaceutical care at a psychosocial intervention. The main outcome was the caregiver burden assessed by the Zarit Burden Index (ZBI, score range 0-88) at 18 months. Results Overall, 77 dyads were included (32% of the expected sample size). At 18 months, the mean ZBI scores were 36.7 ± 16.8 in the control group, 30.3 ± 16.3 for the group with psychosocial intervention, and 28.8 ± 14.1 in group with integrated pharmaceutical care at psychosocial intervention. No significant difference was demonstrated between the three groups (p = 0.326). Conclusions The findings suggest that PHARMAID program had no significant impact on caregiver burden at 18 months. Several limitations have been highlighted and discussed by the authors in order to formulate recommendations for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Novais
- Department of Pharmacy, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
- Lyon Institute for Aging, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
- Research on Healthcare Performance (RESHAPE), INSERM U1290, University Lyon1, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Soraya Qassemi
- REIPO Team, La Grave Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Cestac
- Department of Pharmacy, Toulouse University Hospital, F-31000, Toulouse, France
- Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Research (CERPOP), UMR 1027, INSERM, University of Toulouse, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile McCambridge
- Department of Pharmacy, Toulouse University Hospital, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Villars
- Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Research (CERPOP), UMR 1027, INSERM, University of Toulouse, F-31000, Toulouse, France
- Geriatric Department, Toulouse University Hospital, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Zueras
- Geriatric Department, Toulouse University Hospital, F-31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Decaudin
- ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur Les Formes Injectables et Les Technologies Associées, University Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Pharmacie Institute, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Jean Roche
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Denis Federico
- Lyon Institute for Aging, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
- Clinical and Research Memory Centre of Lyon (CMRR), Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne-Cécile Nier
- Lyon Institute for Aging, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Krolak-Salmon
- Lyon Institute for Aging, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
- Clinical and Research Memory Centre of Lyon (CMRR), Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
- Clinical Research Centre (CRC) - VCF (Aging – Brain - Frailty), Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69000, Lyon, France
- Neuroscience Research Centre of Lyon (CRNL), F-69000, Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Mouchoux
- Department of Pharmacy, Charpennes Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
- Lyon Institute for Aging, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
- Clinical Research Centre (CRC) - VCF (Aging – Brain - Frailty), Charpennes Hospital, University Hospital of Lyon, Villeurbanne, F-69000, Lyon, France
- Neuroscience Research Centre of Lyon (CRNL), F-69000, Lyon, France
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Sari YM, Hill KD, Lee DCA, Burton E. Effectiveness of exercise programmes in improving physical function and reducing behavioural symptoms of community living older adults with dementia living in Asia, and impact on their informal carers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hong Kong Physiother J 2023; 43:3-17. [PMID: 37584051 PMCID: PMC10423677 DOI: 10.1142/s101370252350004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a growing evidence on the benefits of exercise for older people living with dementia in developed countries. However, cultural, health-care systems and environmental differences may impact on the uptake of exercise and outcomes in different regions of the world. Objective This study synthesised the available evidence examining the effectiveness of exercise interventions on improving physical function and reducing behavioural symptoms in community-dwelling older people living with dementia in Asia, and the impact on their informal carers. Methods Six databases were searched to November 2021. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-experimental studies evaluating exercise interventions for community-dwelling older people with dementia living in Asia were included. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials and Downs and Black checklist had been used to assess methodological quality of the studies. Meta-analyses using a fixed effects model assessed the effects of exercise interventions where sufficient data were available. Mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to pool results. Results Nine studies (five RCTs) were included (Hong Kong-4, China-1, South Korea-2, Taiwan-1, Indonesia-1). Exercise improved dynamic balance [Functional Reach (2 studies, n = 111 people with dementia), MD = 2 . 61 , 95% CI (1.55, 3.67)], but not for the Berg Balance Scale (MD = 1 . 10 , 95% CI [-2.88, 5.07]), Timed Up and Go (MD =- 3 . 47 , 95% CI [-7.27, 0.33]) and 5 times sit to stand tests (MD =- 1 . 86 , 95% CI [-5.27, 1.54]). Single studies where data could not be pooled showed no effect of exercise on behavioural symptoms or impact on informal carers. Conclusion Exercise appeared to have a beneficial effect on improving balance performance among older people with dementia living in Asia, however, this evidence is limited and inconsistent, and should be interpreted with caution. Further high-quality large RCTs are necessary for advancing the evidence base of exercise interventions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulisna Mutia Sari
- Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Keith D Hill
- Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Den-Ching A Lee
- Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elissa Burton
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- enAble Institute, Curtin University Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Eaton J, Neller S, Fernandez Cajavilca M, Johnson JK, Ellington L. Iterative Review and Revision of the Enhancing Active Caregiver Training (EnACT) Intervention. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:461-467. [PMID: 37313489 PMCID: PMC10259071 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Interventions that actively engage dementia caregivers show promise in reducing the negative outcomes of caregiving but lack optimization and systematic testing. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe an iterative process developed to refine an intervention to enhance active engagement. A three-stage review process with content experts was developed to refine activities in preparation for focus group feedback and pilot testing. We identified caregiving vignettes, reorganized engagement techniques, and optimized focus group activities for online delivery to promote caregiver access and safety. The framework developed from this process is included, along with a template to guide intervention refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Neller
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | - Julene K. Johnson
- Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lee Ellington
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Wiegelmann H, Wolf-Ostermann K, Janssen N, van Hout H, Vroomen JLM, Arzideh F. Sociodemographic structure and health care-related outcomes of community-dwelling dementia caregiving dyads: a latent class replication study. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:482. [PMID: 37173765 PMCID: PMC10182645 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of dyadic subgroups of individuals living with dementia and their informal caregivers can help to design effective tailored support. In a previous German study, we identified six dementia dyad subgroups by applying Latent Class Analysis (LCA). Results showed sociodemographic heterogeneity as well as differences in health care outcomes (i.e., quality of life, health status, caregiver burden) between subgroups. The objective of this study is to determine if the dyad subgroups from the previous analysis can be replicated in a similar but distinct Dutch sample. METHODS A LCA 3-step procedure was applied to baseline data from the COMPAS study, a prospective cohort study. LCA is a statistical approach used to identify heterogeneous subgroups within populations based on their pattern of answers on a set of categorical variables. Data comprises 509 community-living individuals with predominantly mild to moderate dementia and their informal caregivers. A narrative analysis was used to compare latent class structures of the original versus the replication study. RESULTS Six distinct dementia dyad subgroups were identified: A subgroup of "adult-child-parent relation with younger informal caregiver" (31.8%), a "couple with female informal caregiver of older age" group (23.1%), an "adult-child-parent relation with middle-aged informal caregiver" group (14.2%), a "couple with middle-aged female informal caregiver" group (12.4%), a "couple with older male informal caregiver" group (11.2%) and a "couple with middle-aged male informal caregiver" group (7.4%). Quality of life of individuals with dementia was rated better in couples than in adult-child-relationships. Worst health for caregivers was reported by subgroups with female informal caregivers living together with male individuals with dementia in couple relationships. A subgroup with older female informal caregivers in couple relationships report the most severe burden on physical and mental health. In both studies, a model with six subgroups fitted the data best. Although substantive similarities between the subgroups of both studies appeared, considerable differences are also evident. CONCLUSION This replication study confirmed the existence of informal dementia dyad subgroups. The observed differences between the subgroups provide useful contributions for a more tailored health care services for informal caregivers and individuals living with dementia. Furthermore, it underlines the relevance of dyadic perspectives. To facilitate replication studies and increase the validity of evidence, a standardization of collected data across studies would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Wiegelmann
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Karin Wolf-Ostermann
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Niels Janssen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hein van Hout
- General Practice & Medicine of Older People, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janet L MacNeil Vroomen
- Internal Medicine, Section Geriatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Farhad Arzideh
- University Medical Center Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Choi E, Seo HJ, Choo IH, Kim SM, Park JM, Choi YM, Yang EY. Caregiving burden and healthcare utilization in family caregivers of people with dementia: Long term impact of the public family caregiver intervention. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 51:408-414. [PMID: 37146557 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite community-based interventions to decrease the caregiving burden on family caregivers of people with dementia (PwD), long-term assessment of community-based public programs is lacking. Therefore, the study aims to identify the long-term effects of community-based dementia caregiver intervention on the caregiving burden and healthcare utilization among family caregivers for PwD. Additionally, we investigated the predictors of caregiving burden and healthcare utilization. Of the participants, 32 (76%) intervention and 15 (38%) control groups responded to the one-year follow-up. We assessed caregiver burden using the short-form Zarit Burden Interview (sZBI) and collected healthcare utilization data using questionnaire at baseline and 12 months. Compared with the control group, the intervention group did not experience a reduction in caregiving burden and healthcare utilization. Predictors of caregivers' perceived burden were spouses as the primary caregiver and having multiple comorbidities. The predictors identified in this study should be considered when implementing public family support programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjeong Choi
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Seo
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Il Han Choo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Medicine, Chosun University and Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seong Min Kim
- Dowool Health Welfare Center, Junggalchi-gil 73, Namwon-si, Jeollabuk-do, 55725, South Korea
| | - Jeong Min Park
- Department of Nursing, Nambu University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yu Mi Choi
- College of Nursing, Graduate School of Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Young Yang
- Department of Nursing, Songwon University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Shi J, Scott C. Examination of Factors Associated With Informal Caregivers’ Reactions to Different Problem Behaviors Among Persons With Alzheimer’s Disease. HOME HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/10848223231162861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Problem behaviors among persons with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) have a significant impact on caregivers. However, caregivers’ subjective reaction to the problem behaviors better predicts the caregiving outcomes than the objective frequency of problem behaviors. With a sample recruited from community agencies serving Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) caregivers (n = 108), this study examined the effect of various factors on the caregivers ’reaction to different types of problem behaviors, including demographics, caregivers’ knowledge about the AD, and resilience level, controlling for the frequency of problem behaviors and other caregiving context factors. Caregivers’ reaction to problem behaviors was measured by the Revised Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist. Findings indicated that African American caregivers had a lower level of reactions to disruptive ( B = −3.956; p < .01) and depressive behaviors ( B = −2.443; p < .05) than white caregivers, but not for memory-loss problems. Age, being spousal caregivers, and knowledge of AD only affected reactions to memory-loss problems but not for other types of behaviors. No effects were observed for personal resilience. Intervention should be tailored to the varied needs of family caregivers to deal with problem behaviors among people with AD to delay institutionalization. More training/resources at the skill level over the information-only caregiver intervention should be promoted.
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Parker LJ, Marx KA, Nkimbeng M, Johnson E, Koeuth S, Gaugler JE, Gitlin LN. It's More Than Language: Cultural Adaptation of a Proven Dementia Care Intervention for Hispanic/Latino Caregivers. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2023; 63:558-567. [PMID: 35951488 PMCID: PMC10028233 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Hispanic/Latino older adults are at disproportionate and increased risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, few evidence-based supportive care interventions are specifically developed for or adapted for this population. Adapting a supportive care intervention requires more than Spanish language translation; it necessitates an understanding of cultural nuances and care preferences of Hispanic/Latino families and staff who implement the intervention. This article describes the cultural adaptation of the Adult Day Service Plus intervention for delivery by staff to Hispanic/Latino caregivers, which was guided by the cultural adaptation process model. Also, using the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Enhanced, we discuss (a) when modifications were made, (b) who determined the modifications needed, (c) what aspects of the intervention were modified, (d) the relationship to fidelity and how fidelity was maintained, and (e) reasons for modifications. Modifications to the delivery and content were changed to reflect the values and norms of both the Hispanic/Latino staff and the caregivers they serve. As supportive interventions for caregivers are developed and implemented into real-world settings, inclusion of cultural elements may enhance research participation among Hispanic/Latino provider sites, people living with dementia, and their caregivers. Cultural adaptation is an essential consideration when developing, adapting, and implementing previously tested evidence-based interventions. Cultural adaptation offers an important lens by which to identify contextual factors that influence successful adoption to assure equity in the reach of evidence-based programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Parker
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine A Marx
- Center for Innovative Care in Aging, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Manka Nkimbeng
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elma Johnson
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sokha Koeuth
- College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph E Gaugler
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laura N Gitlin
- Center for Innovative Care in Aging, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Abstract
This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease, including prevalence and incidence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care, and the overall impact on family caregivers, the dementia workforce and society. The Special Report examines the patient journey from awareness of cognitive changes to potential treatment with drugs that change the underlying biology of Alzheimer's. An estimated 6.7 million Americans age 65 and older are living with Alzheimer's dementia today. This number could grow to 13.8 million by 2060 barring the development of medical breakthroughs to prevent, slow or cure AD. Official death certificates recorded 121,499 deaths from AD in 2019, and Alzheimer's disease was officially listed as the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States. In 2020 and 2021, when COVID-19 entered the ranks of the top ten causes of death, Alzheimer's was the seventh-leading cause of death. Alzheimer's remains the fifth-leading cause of death among Americans age 65 and older. Between 2000 and 2019, deaths from stroke, heart disease and HIV decreased, whereas reported deaths from AD increased more than 145%. This trajectory of deaths from AD was likely exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. More than 11 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 18 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias in 2022. These figures reflect a decline in the number of caregivers compared with a decade earlier, as well as an increase in the amount of care provided by each remaining caregiver. Unpaid dementia caregiving was valued at $339.5 billion in 2022. Its costs, however, extend to family caregivers' increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes - costs that have been aggravated by COVID-19. Members of the paid health care workforce are involved in diagnosing, treating and caring for people with dementia. In recent years, however, a shortage of such workers has developed in the United States. This shortage - brought about, in part, by COVID-19 - has occurred at a time when more members of the dementia care workforce are needed. Therefore, programs will be needed to attract workers and better train health care teams. Average per-person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 and older with AD or other dementias are almost three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are more than 22 times as great. Total payments in 2023 for health care, long-term care and hospice services for people age 65 and older with dementia are estimated to be $345 billion. The Special Report examines whether there will be sufficient numbers of physician specialists to provide Alzheimer's care and treatment now that two drugs are available that change the underlying biology of Alzheimer's disease.
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Kellett K, Robison J, McAbee-Sevick H, Gitlin LN, Verrier Piersol C, Fortinsky RH. Implementing the Care of Persons With Dementia in Their Environments (COPE) Intervention in Community-Based Programs: Acceptability and Perceived Benefit From Care Managers' and Interventionists' Perspectives. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2023; 63:28-39. [PMID: 35581164 PMCID: PMC9872768 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Nonpharmacologic interventions have demonstrated benefits for people living with dementia and their caregivers. Few studies have evaluated their implementation in real-world settings. Using normalization process theory (NPT), an implementation science framework, this study evaluated the acceptability of the care of persons with dementia in their environments (COPE) intervention by care managers and interventionists implemented in a Medicaid and state-revenue funded home and community-based services (HCBS) program. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS NPT and data from 9 care manager focus groups (n = 61) and 2 interventionist focus groups (n = 8) were utilized to understand COPE acceptability to program care managers and interventionists. NPT's 4 criteria, coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, and reflexive monitoring, framed the research questions used to evaluate the intervention's implementation. RESULTS Care managers and interventionists demonstrated a shared understanding of COPE aims and the value of practices implemented (coherence). Training by national experts facilitated program buy-in to meet COPE goals and was demonstrated by care managers and interventionists as they used the training to broaden their program involvement (cognitive participation). Operational work done by care managers and interventionists to implement the intervention (collective action) and their shared perceptions of program benefits (reflexive monitoring) contributed to program implementation, families' positive responses to COPE and enhanced sustainability. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Introducing evidence-based dementia care interventions into HCBS programs strongly depends upon building shared understandings between care managers and interventionists and valuing the contributions of all stakeholders involved in delivering care innovations to people living with dementia and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Kellett
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julie Robison
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Heather McAbee-Sevick
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Laura N Gitlin
- College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Richard H Fortinsky
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Perrin PB. Setting a research agenda for caregiving after neurotrauma and neurological disability. NeuroRehabilitation 2023; 52:1-7. [PMID: 36617763 DOI: 10.3233/nre-228027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Research on caregiving after neurotrauma and neurological disability critically extends the focus beyond individuals with neurological conditions to family, friends, and significant others who also are greatly impacted. This article introduces a thematic issue of NeuroRehabilitation on the topic with 10 articles that coalesce around the three approaches of (a) literature reviews, (b) empirical studies, and (c) caregiver intervention studies. This introductory article introduces each of these articles and synthesizes them to chart important future directions for research on caregiving after neurotrauma and neurological disability including: (a) a focus on evidence-based common factors caregiver interventions, (b) dissemination and implementation science approaches to imbedding caregiver interventions into health care systems, and (c) cultural considerations in the context of caregiving. This thematic issue helps rehabilitation clinicians incorporate more of a systems perspective to improve the functioning not only of individuals with neurological conditions but also their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Perrin
- School of Data Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Richmond, VA, USA
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Coumoundouros C, Farrand P, Hamilton A, von Essen L, Sanderman R, Woodford J. Cognitive behavioural therapy self-help intervention preferences among informal caregivers of adults with chronic kidney disease: an online cross-sectional survey. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:4. [PMID: 36600229 PMCID: PMC9812545 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-03052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Informal caregivers (i.e. family and friends) provide essential support to people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many informal caregivers experience mental health problems such as anxiety and depression due to the caregiving role, and commonly have unmet psychological support needs. One potential solution is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) self-help interventions that are less reliant on extensive involvement of healthcare professionals, which may increase access. Within the intervention development phase of the MRC framework, the study's primary objective was to examine informal caregivers' self-help intervention preferences (e.g. delivery format, content). Secondary objectives were to describe the informal caregiver's situation (e.g. type of care activities) and mental health (symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress). METHODS An online cross-sectional survey conducted in the United Kingdom. Informal caregivers of adults living with CKD were recruited via social media, websites, newsletters, magazine articles, a podcast episode, and paid Facebook advertisements. The survey examined: informal caregiver characteristics; care recipient characteristics; self-help intervention preferences; and informal caregiver's mental health using the DASS-21. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Sixty-five informal caregivers participated. The majority (85%) were female, caring for a male (77%) spouse/partner (74%). Responses indicated 58% of informal caregivers were experiencing at least mild depression. In total, 48% indicated they were likely to use a CBT self-help intervention, preferring an intervention provided via internet (e.g. website) (64%), workbook (56%), or individually in-person (54%). Regarding content, interventions should cover a wide range of topics including living with CKD, support services, informal caregiver's physical health, and diet. Overall, 48% reported a preference for a supported intervention, with support delivered in-person or via email by a trained professional at a community organisation. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest CBT self-help interventions may be an acceptable way to provide psychological support to informal caregivers, however the study is limited by the small sample size. A wide range of intervention preferences were identified indicating a need to tailor intervention content and delivery to enhance acceptability and engagement. Results will inform development of a CBT self-help intervention for informal caregivers of people with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Coumoundouros
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Healthcare Sciences and E-Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Clinical Education, Development and Research (CEDAR), Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Paul Farrand
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Clinical Education, Development and Research (CEDAR), Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alexander Hamilton
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK ,Exeter Kidney Unit, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Louise von Essen
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Healthcare Sciences and E-Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robbert Sanderman
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joanne Woodford
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Healthcare Sciences and E-Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Tamura NT, Shikimoto R, Nagashima K, Sato Y, Nakagawa A, Irie S, Iwashita S, Mimura M, Fujisawa D. Group multi-component programme based on cognitive behavioural therapy and positive psychology for family caregivers of people with dementia: a randomised controlled study (3C study). Psychogeriatrics 2023; 23:141-156. [PMID: 36443896 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregivers of people with dementia frequently experience an elevated level of psychological distress and burden. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a group-format multi-component programme which is based on cognitive behavioural therapy and positive psychology. METHODS Family caregivers of dementia were allocated (1:1) to the intervention group and the wait-list control group, stratified by age (<65 years, ≥65 years) and care status (at home or in an institution). The intervention group received a six-session, 10-week, group-format programme. The primary outcome was the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). Secondary outcomes were the short-version of the Zarit Burden Interview (personal strain and role strain), Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire, Dementia Caregiver Positive Feeling Scale, and Self-Compassionate Reactions Inventory. The evaluations were conducted at baseline, 10 weeks (post-intervention), and 14 weeks (follow-up). RESULTS The analyses were performed with 64 registered participants. In the whole sample, no significant effect was observed on HADS. There was medium effect on role strain (P = 0.04, partial η2 = 0.08). Positive feelings of caregiving increased after the intervention but were not maintained at follow-up. In the subgroup analysis of caregivers under 65 years of age, a statistically significant effect was observed for personal strain (P = 0.03, partial η2 = 0.16). An interaction effect was also found for the total score of positive feelings of caregiving (P < 0.05, partial η2 = 0.02) and the meaning of caregiving (P = 0.02, partial η2 = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS This programme did not show significant improvement in depression and anxiety of caregivers of dementia; however, it reduced the burden of their role conflict (role strain) and yielded favourable short-term effects on the positive feelings and the meaning of caregiving among the participants. Also, the programme effectively reduced the personal strain of caregivers under 65 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryo Shikimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Nagashima
- Biostatistics Unit, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuo Nakagawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Sachiko Irie
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sakuragaoka Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Iwashita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sakuragaoka Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fujisawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Patient Safety, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Sugawara N, Yasui-Furukori N, Maruo K, Shimoda K, Sumiyoshi T. Predictors of psychological distress and sleep deprivation in caregivers of stroke survivors. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:106899. [PMID: 36403364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregivers for stroke survivors (CSS) suffer from long hours of care, limited support, and financial difficulties, which often affect their mental health. OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine the factors affecting psychological distress and sleep duration among CSS. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data from the 2013 Comprehensive Survey of the Living Conditions for Stroke Survivors and CSS. Linked data from 841 pairs of stroke survivors and CSS were extracted. Kessler's Psychological Distress scale (K6) was used to evaluate psychological distress. CSS who slept less than 5 hours per day were classified as having short sleep duration. Factors predictive of psychological distress and short sleep duration were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analysis with the forward selection method. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the CSS was 65.4 (12.5) years. A total of 5.6% of these caregivers presented with serious psychological distress, and 12.0% were sleep deprived. Serious psychological distress was associated with not having someone to consult with, having subjective symptoms within a few days, and having short sleep duration, while having their own houses reduced the risk of serious psychological distress. Furthermore, short sleep duration was associated with stroke survivors in long-term care levels 4 or 5, not having someone to consult with, participation in sponge baths as part of nursing care activities, and having serious psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS This nationwide survey identified several risk factors for psychological stress and sleep deprivation among CSS and suggests the need for multidimensional approaches to reduce their distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Sugawara
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Education Premotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Norio Yasui-Furukori
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Kazushi Maruo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Education Premotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Shimoda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Tomiki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
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Masterson-Algar P, Egan K, Flynn G, Hughes G, Spector A, Stott J, Windle G. iSupport for Young Carers: An Adaptation of an e-Health Intervention for Young Dementia Carers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:127. [PMID: 36612450 PMCID: PMC9819145 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Young dementia carers need to be recognised and supported in their role. They need help to understand the illness, what changes are expected and how it can affect their family member. Many support services, partly due to the COVID pandemic, have moved online and have been shown to be acceptable as they are low cost and reduce access barriers. iSupport is an evidence-informed e-health training programme developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to support adult dementia carers. This paper reports on the co-design of an adapted version of iSupport for young carers. A theoretically driven co-design approach, drawing on the lived experiences of young dementia carers and experts who work with this target group was followed. As a result of this study iSupport for Young Carers was created. It is the first e-health intervention of its kind and aims to support the mental health, knowledge and skills of young dementia carers. In turn, it could improve the quality of the support that service providers can offer, and this can result in increased levels of identification of these young people. The work presented also provides opportunities for other countries and demographic groups to translate and adapt iSupport for Young Carers to their specific cultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kieren Egan
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11 XH, UK
| | - Greg Flynn
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2EF, UK
| | - Gwenllian Hughes
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2EF, UK
| | - Aimee Spector
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Joshua Stott
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gill Windle
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2EF, UK
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Madan R, Natadiria M, Berall A, Santiago AT, Schwartz K. A Novel Instrument for Caregivers in Managing Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia: Baycrest Quick-Response Caregiver Tool TM. Can Geriatr J 2022; 25:368-374. [PMID: 36505911 PMCID: PMC9684021 DOI: 10.5770/cgj.25.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Family caregivers can experience significant stress related to behaviour changes in persons with dementia (PWD). Approaches to support caregivers with stress management when responding to changes in behaviours are needed. The Baycrest Quick-Response Caregiver ToolTM (BQRCT) was developed to provide caregivers with an online tool that can be used in real time to recognize and manage their emotions when managing neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. Methods A mixed-methods approach was used to evaluate the feasibility of this new tool. Family caregivers of persons with dementia received education about managing neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia through the online tool. Caregiver demographic information and feedback about the tool was obtained through telephone and online surveys. Health-care providers accessed the tool and also provided feedback. Results The 21 caregivers who completed the study found the tool helpful and reported high feasibility that included being able to access, complete, and implement the strategies presented in the tool. The 18 health-care providers found the tool useful and most would recommend it to peers and clients. Participants also provided specific suggestions for improvement, such as including more examples of complex behaviours. Conclusions This tool adds to and complements existing strategies for managing neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. Its accessibility through the online platform is especially useful for caregivers who are unable to seek help in person, and for health-care providers and caregivers seeking additional resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Madan
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON
| | | | | | - Anna Theresa Santiago
- Biostatistics Department, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - Kenneth Schwartz
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON
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Dyadic relationship, carer role, and resources: a theory-driven thematic analysis of interviews with informal carers focusing on the stability of home-based care arrangements for people living with dementia. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:908. [PMID: 36437442 PMCID: PMC9703724 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most people with dementia live at home and are supported by informal carers. During the care trajectory, the creation of a stable care situation is a guiding principle of informal carers, who often manage complex care arrangements. A recently developed theory - 'Stability of home-based care arrangements for people living with dementia' (SoCA-Dem) - conceptualises how such care arrangements develop over time, and it highlights the relevance of the dyadic relationship, carer role, and resources with regard to the continuation of home-based care throughout the course of dementia. To further explore these three concepts, and to provide feedback for a further refinement of SoCA-Dem theory, this study aims to gain a deeper understanding of (1) how informal carers perceive their dyadic relationship, their carer role, and the resources of the care arrangement, and (2) how these concepts are interrelated. METHODS This study was a secondary data analysis of n = 11 problem-centred interviews. Data were interpreted by a thematic qualitative text analysis. RESULTS The findings distinguished subthemes within the concepts and uncovered their interrelations. The kinship relation, living situation and character of the dyadic relationship shaped informal carers' self-conception of the carer role. This influenced the integration of resources into the care arrangement. Conversely, the quantity and quality of informal and formal support resulted in a feeling of relief or overload in the carer role, that shaped the informal carers' way of living their dyadic relationship. The respective forming of the concepts had a significant impact with regard to the perceived stability or instability of the care situation in the examined care arrangements. CONCLUSIONS This study provided valuable evidence for future research alignment and targeted refinement of the SoCA-Dem theory. Scholars should further explore the specifics of spousal versus parent-child-dyads to better understand the dyads' diverse strategies in the creation of stable home-based care arrangements. Furthermore, future research should focus on the complex dynamics of dyads, family networks, and service providers, and all actors' perspectives should be integrated in SoCA-Dem theory. Based on this growing knowledge base, innovative care interventions and structures should be developed to support people with dementia and their informal carers in better living and caring in the place of their choice.
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Ablinger I, Dressel K, Rott T, Lauer AA, Tiemann M, Batista JP, Taddey T, Grimm HS, Grimm MOW. Interdisciplinary Approaches to Deal with Alzheimer's Disease-From Bench to Bedside: What Feasible Options Do Already Exist Today? Biomedicines 2022; 10:2922. [PMID: 36428494 PMCID: PMC9687885 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the western population. The incidence of this disease increases with age. Rising life expectancy and the resulting increase in the ratio of elderly in the population are likely to exacerbate socioeconomic problems. Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial disease. In addition to amyloidogenic processing leading to plaques, and tau pathology, but also other molecular causes such as oxidative stress or inflammation play a crucial role. We summarize the molecular mechanisms leading to Alzheimer's disease and which potential interventions are known to interfere with these mechanisms, focusing on nutritional approaches and physical activity but also the beneficial effects of cognition-oriented treatments with a focus on language and communication. Interestingly, recent findings also suggest a causal link between oral conditions, such as periodontitis or edentulism, and Alzheimer's disease, raising the question of whether dental intervention in Alzheimer's patients can be beneficial as well. Unfortunately, all previous single-domain interventions have been shown to have limited benefit to patients. However, the latest studies indicate that combining these efforts into multidomain approaches may have increased preventive or therapeutic potential. Therefore, as another emphasis in this review, we provide an overview of current literature dealing with studies combining the above-mentioned approaches and discuss potential advantages compared to monotherapies. Considering current literature and intervention options, we also propose a multidomain interdisciplinary approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease patients that synergistically links the individual approaches. In conclusion, this review highlights the need to combine different approaches in an interdisciplinary manner, to address the future challenges of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ablinger
- Speech and Language Therapy, Campus Bonn, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Dressel
- Speech and Language Therapy, Campus Düsseldorf, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 40210 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thea Rott
- Interdisciplinary Periodontology and Prevention, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Anna Andrea Lauer
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Tiemann
- Sport Science, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - João Pedro Batista
- Sport Science and Physiotherapy, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Tim Taddey
- Physiotherapy, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Heike Sabine Grimm
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
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50
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García Santelesforo R, Rodríguez del Rey T, Pérez‐Sáez E, Peláez Hernández B. Impact of confinement measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with dementia and their caregivers in Spain. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e5391-e5400. [PMID: 35971778 PMCID: PMC9537907 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has particularly affected people living with dementia (PLWD) and their caregivers, who have seen their access to social support services and opportunities for socialisation limited. The objective of the study was to explore the impact of COVID-19 on PLWD and their caregivers in Spain. An online survey was conducted between November 27, 2020, and January 19, 2021, that explored compliance with prevention guidelines, changes at the family level and in access to social support services. Instruments were included to estimate levels of anxiety and depression. The survey was answered by 229 people (161 current caregivers, 54 former caregivers, 13 formal caregivers and 1 person with dementia). Analysis of the current and former caregivers showed that they felt well informed, although they find it difficult for PLWD to comply with prevention guidelines. The use of social support services was reduced and the difficulty of access to social and health services increased, there was a negative impact on the economic situation and family relationships, with an increase in perceived overload. In addition, caregivers of PLWD scored above the cut-off points in the tests used to assess depression and anxiety, although the results of the multiple regression analysis do not allow us to conclude that the loss of resources influences the anxiety and depression scores. The negative impact of the pandemic on caregivers of PLWD is verified. It is necessary to adapt social support services and design strategies to maintain the provision of support to these vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Enrique Pérez‐Sáez
- National Reference Centre for Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia Care, ImsersoSalamancaSpain
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