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Huang Y, Xu W, Dong W, Chen G, Sun Y, Zeng X. Anti-diabetic effect of dicaffeoylquinic acids is associated with the modulation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00264-9. [PMID: 38969095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The human gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in health and disease, notably through its interaction with bile acids (BAs). BAs, synthesized in the liver, undergo transformation by the gut microbiota upon excretion into the intestine, thus influencing host metabolism. However, the potential mechanisms of dicaffeoylquinic acids (DiCQAs) from Ilex kudingcha how to modulate lipid metabolism and inflammation via gut microbiota remain unclear. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS The objectives of the present study were to investigate the regulating effects of DiCQAs on diabetes and the potential mechanisms of action. Two mice models were utilized to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of DiCQAs. Additionally, analysis of gut microbiota structure and functions was conducted concurrently with the examination of DiCQAs' impact on gut microbiota carrying the bile salt hydrolase (BSH) gene, as well as on the enterohepatic circulation of BAs and related signaling pathways. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that DiCQAs alleviated diabetic symptoms by modulating gut microbiota carrying the BSH gene. This modulation enhanced intestinal barrier integrity, increased enterohepatic circulation of conjugated BAs, and inhibited the farnesoid X receptor-fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) signaling axis in the ileum. Consequently, the protein expression of hepatic FGFR4 fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) decreased, accompanied by heightened BA synthesis, reduced hepatic BA stasis, and lowered levels of hepatic and plasma cholesterol. Furthermore, DiCQAs upregulated glucolipid metabolism-related proteins in the liver and muscle, including v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK3β) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thereby ameliorating hyperglycemia and mitigating inflammation through the down-regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway in the diabetic group. CONCLUSION Our study elucidated the anti-diabetic effects and mechanism of DiCQAs from I. kudingcha, highlighting the potential of targeting gut microbiota, particularly Acetatifactor sp011959105 and Acetatifactor muris carrying the BSH gene, as a therapeutic strategy to attenuate FXR-FGF15 signaling and ameliorate diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, Guizhou, China
| | - Weiqi Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Petranyi F, Whitton MM, Lobo E, Ramirez S, Radovanović A, Bajagai YS, Stanley D. Precision glycan supplementation: A strategy to improve performance and intestinal health of laying hens in high-stress commercial environments. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38812376 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
In the dynamic world of animal production, many challenges arise in disease control, animal welfare and the need to meet antibiotic-free demands. Emerging diseases have a significant impact on the poultry industry. Managing gut microbiota is an important determinant of poultry health and performance. Introducing precision glycans as feed additives adds another dimension to this complex environment. The glycans play pivotal roles in supporting gut health and immunological processes and are likely to limit antibiotic usage while enhancing intestinal well-being and overall poultry performance. This study explores precision glycan product as a feed additive supplemented at a continuous dose of 900 g per tonne of feed, in a free-range production system on a large commercial farm. Forty thousand 17-week-old pullets were randomly allocated to one of two separated sections of the production shed, with individual silos and egg-collecting belts. The flock performance, gut microbiota and its functionality were analysed throughout the laying cycle until 72 weeks of age. The results demonstrated that introducing precision glycans improved a range of performance indicators, including reduced cumulative mortality, especially during a major smothering event, where the birds pile up until they suffocate. There was also significantly increased hen-housed egg production, reduced gut dysbiosis score and undigested feed, increased number of goblet cells and improved feed conversion ratio. Additionally, microbiota analysis revealed significant changes in the composition of the gizzard, ileum content, ileum mucosa, and caecal and cloacal regions. Overall, the findings suggest that precision glycans have the potential to enhance poultry egg production in challenging farming environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Petranyi
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland Universitty, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
- DSM-Firmenich, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maria M Whitton
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland Universitty, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Edina Lobo
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland Universitty, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Anita Radovanović
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Yadav S Bajagai
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland Universitty, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dragana Stanley
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland Universitty, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
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Demirturk M, Cinar MS, Avci FY. The immune interactions of gut glycans and microbiota in health and disease. Mol Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38703041 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The human digestive system harbors a vast diversity of commensal bacteria and maintains a symbiotic relationship with them. However, imbalances in the gut microbiota accompany various diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colorectal cancers (CRCs), which significantly impact the well-being of populations globally. Glycosylation of the mucus layer is a crucial factor that plays a critical role in maintaining the homeostatic environment in the gut. This review delves into how the gut microbiota, immune cells, and gut mucus layer work together to establish a balanced gut environment. Specifically, the role of glycosylation in regulating immune cell responses and mucus metabolism in this process is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Demirturk
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mukaddes Sena Cinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fikri Y Avci
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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4
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Miki S, Fukamachi H, Itsumi M, Fujiwara N, Takaki T, Kurosawa M, Morisaki H, Suzuki N, Kuwata H. The Klebsiella mannose phosphotransferase system promotes proliferation and the production of extracellular polymeric substances from mannose, facilitating adaptation to the host environment. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:119-125. [PMID: 38246421 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Klebsiella spp., an opportunistic infectious organism, is commensal in the nasal and oral cavities of humans. Recently, it has been reported that oral Klebsiella spp. ectopically colonize the intestinal tract and induce the accumulation of intestinal Th1 cells. For oral bacteria to colonize the intestinal tract, they need to compete for nutrients with indigenous intestinal bacteria. Therefore, we focused on mannose, a mucus-derived sugar, and the mannose phosphotransferase system (PTS) (ManXYZ), a mechanism for mannose uptake, in terms of their effects on intestinal colonization and immune responses to Klebsiella spp. METHODS We generated a Klebsiella manXYZ-deficient strain and investigated whether the utilization of intestinal mucus-derived sugars is associated with the growth. Furthermore, we examine the virulence of this organism in the mouse intestinal tract, especially the ability to colonize the host using competition assay. RESULTS We found that Klebsiella ManXYZ is a PTS that specifically takes up mannose and glucosamine. Through ManXYZ, mannose was used for bacterial growth and the upregulated production of extracellular polymeric substances. In vivo competition assays showed that mannose metabolism promoted intestinal colonization. However, ManXYZ was not involved in Th1 and Th17 induction in the intestinal tract. CONCLUSION The fundamental roles of ManXYZ were to ensure that mannose, which is present in the host, is made available for bacterial growth, to promote the production of extracellular polymeric substances, thus facilitating bacterial adaptation to the host environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Miki
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Endodontology, Showa University Graduate School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Haruka Fukamachi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Momoe Itsumi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Nagatoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Tezukayama University, Tezukayama 7-1-1, Nara City, Nara, 631-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Takaki
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Mie Kurosawa
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hirobumi Morisaki
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Suzuki
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Endodontology, Showa University Graduate School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kuwata
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
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Gutierrez A, Pucket B, Engevik MA. Bifidobacterium and the intestinal mucus layer. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:36. [PMID: 38045921 PMCID: PMC10688832 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium species are integral members of the human gut microbiota and these microbes have significant interactions with the intestinal mucus layer. This review delves into Bifidobacterium-mucus dynamics, shedding light on the multifaceted nature of this relationship. We cover conserved features of Bifidobacterium-mucus interactions, such as mucus adhesion and positive regulation of goblet cell and mucus production, as well as species and strain-specific attributes of mucus degradation. For each interface, we explore the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions and their potential implications for human health. Notably, we emphasize the ability of Bifidobacterium species to positively influence the mucus layer, shedding light on its potential as a mucin-builder and a therapeutic agent for diseases associated with disrupted mucus barriers. By elucidating the complex interplay between Bifidobacterium and intestinal mucus, we aim to contribute to a deeper understanding of the gut microbiota-host interface and pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Gutierrez
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Brenton Pucket
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Melinda A. Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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6
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Zheng W, Jia J, Zhang C, Zhang P, Song S, Ai C. Undaria pinnatifida fucoidan ameliorates dietary fiber deficiency-induced inflammation and lipid abnormality by modulating mucosal microbiota and protecting intestinal barrier integrity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125724. [PMID: 37422247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber deficiency (FD) is a new public health concern, with limited understanding of its impact on host energy requirements and health. In this study, the effect of fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida (UPF) on FD-induced alterations of host physiological status was analyzed in mice. UPF increased colon length and cecum weight, reduced liver index, and modulated serum lipid metabolism primarily involving glycerophospholipid and linoleic acid metabolism in FD-treated mice. UPF protected against FD-induced destruction of intestinal barrier integrity by upregulating the expression levels of tight junction proteins and mucin-related genes. UPF alleviated FD-induced intestinal inflammation by reducing the levels of inflammation-related factors, such as interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and lipopolysaccharides, and relieving oxidative stress. The underlying mechanism can be closely associated with modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites, such as a reduction of Proteobacteria and an increase in short chain fatty acids. The in vitro model showed that UPF mitigated H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in IEC-6 cells, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel disorders. This study suggests that UPF can be developed as a fiber supplement to benefit host health by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites and protecting intestinal barrier functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyun Zheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Jinhui Jia
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Shuang Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Chunqing Ai
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
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7
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Bhosale S, Deen MC, Proceviat C, Hettle A, Winter DK, Brockerman J, Levene M, Bennet AJ, Spino C, Boraston AB, Vocadlo DJ. A Fluorogenic Disaccharide Substrate for α-Mannosidases Enables High-Throughput Screening and Identification of an Inhibitor of the GH92 Virulence Factor from Streptococcus pneumoniae. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1730-1737. [PMID: 37531094 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Trimming of host glycans is a mechanism that is broadly employed by both commensal and pathogenic microflora to enable colonization. Host glycan trimming by the opportunistic Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae has been demonstrated to be an important mechanism of virulence. While S. pneumoniae employs a multitude of glycan processing enzymes, the exo-mannosidase SpGH92 has been shown to be an important virulence factor. Accordingly, SpGH92 is hypothesized to be a target for much-needed new treatments of S. pneumoniae infection. Here we report the synthesis of 4-methylumbelliferyl α-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-mannopyranoside (Manα1,2Manβ-4MU) as a fluorogenic disaccharide substrate and development of an assay for SpGH92 that overcomes its requirement for +1 binding site occupancy. We miniaturize our in vitro assay and apply it to a high-throughput screen of >65 000 compounds, identifying a single inhibitory chemotype, LIPS-343. We further show that Manα1,2Manβ-4MU is also a substrate of the human Golgi-localized α-mannosidase MAN1A1, suggesting that this substrate should be useful for assessing the activity of this and other mammalian α-mannosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Bhosale
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Matthew C Deen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Cameron Proceviat
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Andrew Hettle
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - Dana K Winter
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Jacob Brockerman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Marina Levene
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Andrew J Bennet
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Claude Spino
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Alisdair B Boraston
- Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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8
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Yamaguchi M, Yamamoto K. Mucin glycans and their degradation by gut microbiota. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:493-512. [PMID: 37318672 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The human intestinal tract is inhabited by a tremendous number of microorganisms, which are collectively termed "the gut microbiota". The intestinal epithelium is covered with a dense layer of mucus that prevents penetration of the gut microbiota into underlying tissues of the host. Recent studies have shown that the maturation and function of the mucus layer are strongly influenced by the gut microbiota, and alteration in the structure and function of the gut microbiota is implicated in several diseases. Because the intestinal mucus layer is at a crucial interface between microbes and their host, its breakdown leads to gut bacterial invasion that can eventually cause inflammation and infection. The mucus is composed of mucin, which is rich in glycans, and the various structures of the complex carbohydrates of mucins can select for distinct mucosa-associated bacteria that are able to bind mucin glycans, and sometimes degrade them as a nutrient source. Mucin glycans are diverse molecules, and thus mucin glycan degradation is a complex process that requires a broad range of glycan-degrading enzymes. Because of the increased recognition of the role of mucus-associated microbes in human health, how commensal bacteria degrade and use host mucin glycans has become of increased interest. This review provides an overview of the relationships between the mucin glycan of the host and gut commensal bacteria, with a focus on mucin degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yamaguchi
- Department of Organic Bio Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Wakayama University, 930, Sakaedani, Wakayama, 640-8510, Japan.
| | - Kenji Yamamoto
- Center for Innovative and Joint Research, Wakayama University, 930, Sakaedani, Wakayama, 640-8510, Japan
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Liu S, Deng X, Li Z, Zhou W, Wang G, Zhan J, Hu B. Environmental cadmium exposure alters the internal microbiota and metabolome of Sprague-Dawley rats. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1219729. [PMID: 37565077 PMCID: PMC10410080 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1219729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic element that can negatively affect both humans and animals. It enters the human and animal bodies through the respiratory and digestive tracts, following which it tends to accumulate in different organs, thereby seriously affecting human and animal health, as well as hampering social and economic development. Cd exposure can alter the composition of intestinal microbiota. In addition, it can damage the peripheral organs by causing the translocation of intestinal microbiota. However, the relationship between translocation-induced changes in the composition of microbiome in the blood and metabolic changes remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Cd exposure on microbiota and serum metabolism in rats by omics analysis. The results demonstrated that Cd exposure disrupted the balance between the blood and intestinal flora in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, with a significant increase in gut microbiota (Clostridia_UCG_014, NK4A214_group) and blood microbiome (Corynebacterium, Muribaculaceae). However, Cd exposure caused the translocation of Corynebacterium and Muribaculaceae from the gut into the blood. In addition, Cd exposure was associated with the up-regulation of serum indoxyl sulfate, phenyl sulfate, and p-cresol sulfate; down-regulation of δ-tocopherol and L-glutamine; and changes in blood microbiome and metabolites. In conclusion, we identified novel metabolic biomarkers for Cd toxicity, which will also expand our understanding of the role of blood microbiome in Cd-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Deng
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Li
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiasui Zhan
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Binhong Hu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Akhtar A, Lata M, Sunsunwal S, Yadav A, Lnu K, Subramanian S, Ramya TNC. New carbohydrate binding domains identified by phage display based functional metagenomic screens of human gut microbiota. Commun Biol 2023; 6:371. [PMID: 37019943 PMCID: PMC10076258 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncultured microbes represent a huge untapped biological resource of novel genes and gene products. Although recent genomic and metagenomic sequencing efforts have led to the identification of numerous genes that are homologous to existing annotated genes, there remains, yet, an enormous pool of unannotated genes that do not find significant sequence homology to existing annotated genes. Functional metagenomics offers a way to identify and annotate novel gene products. Here, we use functional metagenomics to mine novel carbohydrate binding domains that might aid human gut commensals in adherence, gut colonization, and metabolism of complex carbohydrates. We report the construction and functional screening of a metagenomic phage display library from healthy human fecal samples against dietary, microbial and host polysaccharides/glycoconjugates. We identify several protein sequences that do not find a hit to any known protein domain but are predicted to contain carbohydrate binding module-like folds. We heterologously express, purify and biochemically characterize some of these protein domains and demonstrate their carbohydrate-binding function. Our study reveals several previously unannotated carbohydrate-binding domains, including a levan binding domain and four complex N-glycan binding domains that might be useful for the labeling, visualization, and isolation of these glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akil Akhtar
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Madhu Lata
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Sonali Sunsunwal
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Amit Yadav
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Kajal Lnu
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Srikrishna Subramanian
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - T N C Ramya
- CSIR- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India.
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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11
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Ducatelle R, Goossens E, Eeckhaut V, Van Immerseel F. Poultry gut health and beyond. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023; 13:240-248. [PMID: 37168453 PMCID: PMC10164775 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal health is critically important for the digestion and absorption of nutrients and thus is a key factor in determining performance. Intestinal health issues are very common in high performing poultry lines due to the high feed intake, which puts pressure on the physiology of the digestive system. Excess nutrients which are not digested and absorbed in the small intestine may trigger dysbiosis, i.e. a shift in the microbiota composition in the intestinal tract. Dysbiosis as well as other stressors elicit an inflammatory response and loss of integrity of the tight junctions between the epithelial cells, leading to gut leakage. In this paper, key factors determining intestinal health and the most important nutritional tools which are available to support intestinal health are reviewed.
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12
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Rothschild-Rodriguez D, Hedges M, Kaplan M, Karav S, Nobrega FL. Phage-encoded carbohydrate-interacting proteins in the human gut. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1083208. [PMID: 36687636 PMCID: PMC9853417 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1083208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the human gastrointestinal tract, the gut mucosa and the bacterial component of the microbiota interact and modulate each other to accomplish a variety of critical functions. These include digestion aid, maintenance of the mucosal barrier, immune regulation, and production of vitamins, hormones, and other metabolites that are important for our health. The mucus lining of the gut is primarily composed of mucins, large glycosylated proteins with glycosylation patterns that vary depending on factors including location in the digestive tract and the local microbial population. Many gut bacteria have evolved to reside within the mucus layer and thus encode mucus-adhering and -degrading proteins. By doing so, they can influence the integrity of the mucus barrier and therefore promote either health maintenance or the onset and progression of some diseases. The viral members of the gut - mostly composed of bacteriophages - have also been shown to have mucus-interacting capabilities, but their mechanisms and effects remain largely unexplored. In this review, we discuss the role of bacteriophages in influencing mucosal integrity, indirectly via interactions with other members of the gut microbiota, or directly with the gut mucus via phage-encoded carbohydrate-interacting proteins. We additionally discuss how these phage-mucus interactions may influence health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgen Hedges
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Merve Kaplan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Franklin L. Nobrega
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Franklin L. Nobrega, ✉
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13
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Monteagudo-Mera A, Shalunkhe A, Duhduh A, Walton GE, Gibson GR, Pereira DI, Wijeyesekera A, Andrews SC. Impact of inorganic iron and haem on the human gut microbiota; An in vitro batch-culture approach. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1074637. [PMID: 36910170 PMCID: PMC9995831 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1074637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although iron is an essential nutrient for humans, as well as for almost all other organisms, it is poorly absorbed (~15%) from the diet such that most passes through the upper gut into the large intestine. The colonic microbiota is thus exposed to, and potentially influenced by, such residual iron which could have an impact on human health. The aim of the research described here is to determine how the major forms of dietary iron (inorganic iron and haem) influence metabolic activity and composition of the human gut microbiota by utilizing an in vitro parallel, pH-controlled anaerobic batch culture approach. Controlled iron provision was enabled by the design of a 'modified' low-iron gut-model medium whereby background iron content was reduced from 28 to 5 μM. Thus, the impact of both low and high levels of inorganic and haem iron (18-180 μM and 7.7-77 μM, respectively) could be explored. Gut-microbiota composition was determined using next generation sequencing (NGS) based community profiling (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and flow-fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Metabolic-end products (organic acids) were quantified using gas chromatography (GC) and iron incorporation was estimated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Results showed that differences in iron regime induced significant changes in microbiota composition when low (0.1% w/v) fecal inoculation levels were employed. An increase in haem levels from 7.7 to 77 μM (standard levels employed in gut culture studies) resulted in reduced microbial diversity, a significant increase in Enterobacteriaceae and lower short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. These effects were countered when 18 μM inorganic iron was also included into the growth medium. The results therefore suggest that high-dietary haem may have a detrimental effect on health since the resulting changes in microbiota composition and SCFA production are indicators of an unhealthy gut. The results also demonstrate that employing a low inoculum together with a low-iron gut-model medium facilitated in vitro investigation of the relationship between iron and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Monteagudo-Mera
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.,Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amro Duhduh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gemma E Walton
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn R Gibson
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anisha Wijeyesekera
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Andrews
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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14
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Relationship between mucosa-associated gut microbiota and human diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1225-1236. [PMID: 36214382 PMCID: PMC9704521 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mucus layer covering the gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a critical role in maintaining gut homeostasis. In the colon, the inner mucus layer ensures commensal microbes are kept at a safe distance from the epithelium while mucin glycans in the outer mucus layer provide microbes with nutrients and binding sites. Microbes residing in the mucus form part of the so-called 'mucosa-associated microbiota' (MAM), a microbial community which, due to its close proximity to the epithelium, has a profound impact on immune and metabolic health by directly impacting gut barrier function and the immune system. Alterations in GI microbial communities have been linked to human diseases. Although most of this knowledge is based on analysis of the faecal microbiota, a growing number of studies show that the MAM signature differs from faecal or luminal microbiota and has the potential to be used to distinguish between diseased and healthy status in well-studied conditions such as IBD, IBS and CRC. However, our knowledge about spatial microbial alterations in pathogenesis remains severely hampered by issues surrounding access to microbial communities in the human gut. In this review, we provide state-of-the-art information on how to access MAM in humans, the composition of MAM, and how changes in MAM relate to changes in human health and disease. A better understanding of interactions occurring at the mucosal surface is essential to advance our understanding of diseases affecting the GI tract and beyond.
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15
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Blakeley-Ruiz JA, McClintock CS, Shrestha HK, Poudel S, Yang ZK, Giannone RJ, Choo JJ, Podar M, Baghdoyan HA, Lydic R, Hettich RL. Morphine and high-fat diet differentially alter the gut microbiota composition and metabolic function in lean versus obese mice. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:66. [PMID: 37938724 PMCID: PMC9723762 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
There are known associations between opioids, obesity, and the gut microbiome, but the molecular connection/mediation of these relationships is not understood. To better clarify the interplay of physiological, genetic, and microbial factors, this study investigated the microbiome and host inflammatory responses to chronic opioid administration in genetically obese, diet-induced obese, and lean mice. Samples of feces, urine, colon tissue, and plasma were analyzed using targeted LC-MS/MS quantification of metabolites, immunoassays of inflammatory cytokine levels, genome-resolved metagenomics, and metaproteomics. Genetic obesity, diet-induced obesity, and morphine treatment in lean mice each showed increases in distinct inflammatory cytokines. Metagenomic assembly and binning uncovered over 400 novel gut bacterial genomes and species. Morphine administration impacted the microbiome's composition and function, with the strongest effect observed in lean mice. This microbiome effect was less pronounced than either diet or genetically driven obesity. Based on inferred microbial physiology from the metaproteome datasets, a high-fat diet transitioned constituent microbes away from harvesting diet-derived nutrients and towards nutrients present in the host mucosal layer. Considered together, these results identified novel host-dependent phenotypes, differentiated the effects of genetic obesity versus diet induced obesity on gut microbiome composition and function, and showed that chronic morphine administration altered the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alfredo Blakeley-Ruiz
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Carlee S McClintock
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Pain Consultants of East Tennessee, PLLC, Knoxville, TN, 37909, USA
| | - Him K Shrestha
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Suresh Poudel
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Zamin K Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Richard J Giannone
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - James J Choo
- Pain Consultants of East Tennessee, PLLC, Knoxville, TN, 37909, USA
| | - Mircea Podar
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Helen A Baghdoyan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Ralph Lydic
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Robert L Hettich
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
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16
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Schnizlein MK, Young VB. Capturing the environment of the Clostridioides difficile infection cycle. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:508-520. [PMID: 35468953 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) infection is a substantial health and economic burden worldwide. Great strides have been made over the past several years in characterizing the physiology of C. difficile infection, particularly regarding how gut microorganisms and their host work together to provide colonization resistance. As mammalian hosts and their indigenous gut microbiota have co-evolved, they have formed a complex yet stable relationship that prevents invading microorganisms from establishing themselves. In this Review, we discuss the latest advances in our understanding of C. difficile physiology that have contributed to its success as a pathogen, including its versatile survival factors and ability to adapt to unique niches. Using discoveries regarding microorganism-host and microorganism-microorganism interactions that constitute colonization resistance, we place C. difficile within the fiercely competitive gut environment. A comprehensive understanding of these relationships is required to continue the development of precision medicine-based treatments for C. difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Schnizlein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vincent B Young
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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17
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Fansler RT, Zhu W. Mind the Gap: Bridging the Divide from Sequencing Data to Empiric Phenotypes in the Human Gut Microbiota. mSystems 2022; 7:e0020722. [PMID: 35695430 PMCID: PMC9239041 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00207-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome exerts a powerful influence on human health and disease. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the microbiota's influence is hindered by the immense complexity of the gut microbial community and the glycans they forage. Despite a wealth of genomic and metagenomic sequencing information, there remains a lack of informative phenotypic measurements. Pudlo NA, Urs K, Crawford R, Pirani A, et al. (mSystems 7: e00947-21, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00947-21) decode this complexity by introducing a scalable assay to measure specific carbohydrate utilization in the dominant microbiota phylum Bacteroidetes. The results reveal a mosaic structure of glycan utilization, both genetic and functional, underpinning niche construction in the human gastrointestinal tract. This Commentary highlights the significance of their findings in connection to the field's growing appreciation for competition, cooperation, and horizontal gene transfer in shaping the highly complex microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T. Fansler
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wenhan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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18
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Glover JS, Ticer TD, Engevik MA. Characterizing the mucin-degrading capacity of the human gut microbiota. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8456. [PMID: 35589783 PMCID: PMC9120202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucin-degrading microbes are known to harbor glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) which cleave specific glycan linkages. Although several microbial species have been identified as mucin degraders, there are likely many other members of the healthy gut community with the capacity to degrade mucins. The aim of the present study was to systematically examine the CAZyme mucin-degrading profiles of the human gut microbiota. Within the Verrucomicrobia phylum, all Akkermansia glycaniphila and muciniphila genomes harbored multiple gene copies of mucin-degrading GHs. The only representative of the Lentisphaerae phylum, Victivallales, harbored a GH profile that closely mirrored Akkermansia. In the Actinobacteria phylum, we found several Actinomadura, Actinomyces, Bifidobacterium, Streptacidiphilus and Streptomyces species with mucin-degrading GHs. Within the Bacteroidetes phylum, Alistipes, Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, Fermenitomonas Parabacteroides, Prevotella and Phocaeicola species had mucin degrading GHs. Firmicutes contained Abiotrophia, Blautia, Enterococcus, Paenibacillus, Ruminococcus, Streptococcus, and Viridibacillus species with mucin-degrading GHs. Interestingly, far fewer mucin-degrading GHs were observed in the Proteobacteria phylum and were found in Klebsiella, Mixta, Serratia and Enterobacter species. We confirmed the mucin-degrading capability of 23 representative gut microbes using a chemically defined media lacking glucose supplemented with porcine intestinal mucus. These data greatly expand our knowledge of microbial-mediated mucin degradation within the human gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janiece S Glover
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Taylor D Ticer
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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19
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Breugelmans T, Oosterlinck B, Arras W, Ceuleers H, De Man J, Hold GL, De Winter BY, Smet A. The role of mucins in gastrointestinal barrier function during health and disease. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 7:455-471. [DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(21)00431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Barratt MJ, Nuzhat S, Ahsan K, Frese SA, Arzamasov AA, Sarker SA, Islam MM, Palit P, Islam MR, Hibberd MC, Nakshatri S, Cowardin CA, Guruge JL, Byrne AE, Venkatesh S, Sundaresan V, Henrick B, Duar RM, Mitchell RD, Casaburi G, Prambs J, Flannery R, Mahfuz M, Rodionov DA, Osterman AL, Kyle D, Ahmed T, Gordon JI. Bifidobacterium infantis treatment promotes weight gain in Bangladeshi infants with severe acute malnutrition. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabk1107. [PMID: 35417188 PMCID: PMC9516695 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abk1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted development of the gut microbiota is a contributing cause of childhood malnutrition. Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis is a prominent early colonizer of the infant gut that consumes human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). We found that the absolute abundance of Bifidobacterium infantis is lower in 3- to 24-month-old Bangladeshi infants with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) compared to their healthy age-matched counterparts. A single-blind, placebo-controlled trial (SYNERGIE) was conducted in 2- to 6-month-old Bangladeshi infants with SAM. A commercial U.S. donor-derived B. infantis strain (EVC001) was administered daily with or without the HMO lacto-N-neotetraose for 28 days. This intervention increased fecal B. infantis abundance in infants with SAM, although to levels still 10- to 100-fold lower than in untreated healthy controls. EVC001 treatment promoted weight gain that was associated with reduced intestinal inflammation markers in infants with SAM. We cultured fecal B. infantis strains from Bangladeshi infants and colonized gnotobiotic mice with these cultured strains. The gnotobiotic mice were fed a diet representative of that consumed by 6-month-old Bangladeshi infants, with or without HMO supplementation. One B. infantis strain, Bg_2D9, expressing two gene clusters involved in uptake and utilization of N-glycans and plant-derived polysaccharides, exhibited superior fitness over EVC001. The fitness advantage of Bg_2D9 was confirmed in a gnotobiotic mouse model of mother-to-infant gut microbiota transmission where dams received a pretreatment fecal community from a SAM infant in the SYNERGIE trial. Whether Bg_2D9 is superior to EVC001 for treating malnourished infants who consume a diet with limited breastmilk requires further clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Barratt
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Sharika Nuzhat
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Ahsan
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Steven A. Frese
- Evolve BioSystems, Inc., Davis, CA 95618 USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Aleksandr A. Arzamasov
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Shafiqul Alam Sarker
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - M. Munirul Islam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Parag Palit
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ridwan Islam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Matthew C. Hibberd
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Swetha Nakshatri
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Carrie A. Cowardin
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Janaki L. Guruge
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Alexandra E. Byrne
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Siddarth Venkatesh
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Vinaik Sundaresan
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Bethany Henrick
- Evolve BioSystems, Inc., Davis, CA 95618 USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mustafa Mahfuz
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Dmitry A. Rodionov
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127994 Russia
| | - Andrei L. Osterman
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - David Kyle
- Evolve BioSystems, Inc., Davis, CA 95618 USA
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Jeffrey I. Gordon
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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21
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Jaggers RM, DiSabato DJ, Loman BR, Kontic D, Spencer KD, Allen JM, Godbout JP, Quan N, Gur TL, Bailey MT. Stressor-Induced Reduction in Cognitive Behavior is Associated with Impaired Colonic Mucus Layer Integrity and is Dependent Upon the LPS-Binding Protein Receptor CD14. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1617-1635. [PMID: 35264870 PMCID: PMC8901235 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s332793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Commensal microbes are impacted by stressor exposure and are known contributors to cognitive and social behaviors, but the pathways through which gut microbes influence stressor-induced behavioral changes are mostly unknown. A murine social stressor was used to determine whether host-microbe interactions are necessary for stressor-induced inflammation, including neuroinflammation, that leads to reduced cognitive and social behavior. Methods C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to a paired fighting social stressor over a 1 hr period for 6 consecutive days. Y-maze and social interaction behaviors were tested following the last day of the stressor. Serum cytokines and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) were measured and the number and morphology of hippocampal microglia determined via immunohistochemistry. Intestinal mucous thickness and antimicrobial peptide expression were determined via fluorescent staining and real-time PCR (respectively) and microbial community composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. To determine whether the microbiota or the LBP receptor (CD14) are necessary for stressor-induced behavioral changes, experiments were performed in mice treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail or in CD14-/- mice. Results The stressor reduced Y-maze spontaneous alternations, which was accompanied by increased microglia in the hippocampus, increased circulating cytokines (eg, IL-6, TNF-α) and LBP, and reduced intestinal mucus thickness while increasing antimicrobial peptides and cytokines. These stressor-induced changes were largely prevented in mice given broad-spectrum antibiotics and in CD14-/- mice. In contrast, social stressor-induced alterations of social behavior were not microbe-dependent. Conclusion Stressor-induced cognitive deficits involve enhanced bacterial interaction with the intestine, leading to low-grade, CD14-dependent, inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Jaggers
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Damon J DiSabato
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Brett R Loman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Danica Kontic
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Kyle D Spencer
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Graduate Partnership Program, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, OH, USA
| | - Jacob M Allen
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
| | - Jonathan P Godbout
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ning Quan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Tamar L Gur
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Michael T Bailey
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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22
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Miyata T, Mizushima T, Miyamoto N, Yamada T, Hase K, Fukushima M, Nishimura N, Hino S, Morita T. Skate-skin mucin, rich in sulfated sugars and threonine, promotes proliferation of Akkermansia muciniphila in feeding tests in rats and in vitro fermentation using human feces. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:397-406. [PMID: 35026010 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary factors, affect Akkermansia muciniphila (AM) abundance in the colon, have attracted attention, driven by the inverse correlation between AM abundance and metabolic disorders. We prepared skate-skin mucin (SM), porcine stomach mucin (PM), and rat gastrointestinal mucin (RM). SM contained more sulfated sugars and threonine than PM or RM. Rats were fed a control diet or diets including SM, PM, or RM (15 g/kg), or SM (12 g/kg) from 5 different threonine contents for 14 d. Cecal total bacteria and AM were less and more numerous, respectively, in SM-fed rats than the others, but SM did not affect microbial species richness. Low-threonine SM did not induce AM proliferation. The in vitro fermentation with human feces showed that the rate of AM increase was greater with SM than PM. Collectively, heavy SM sulfation facilitates a priority supply of SM-derived amino sugars and threonine that promotes AM proliferation in rats and human feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Miyata
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takayasu Mizushima
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Takahiro Yamada
- Divisions of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Divisions of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Fukushima
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naomichi Nishimura
- College of Agriculture, Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Hino
- College of Agriculture, Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morita
- College of Agriculture, Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
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Liu J, Wang Y, Zhang G, Liu L, Peng X. Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Changes in the Intestinal Microbiome, Transcriptome, and Methylome in a Rat Model of Chronic Non-bacterial Prostatitis: Indications for the Existence of the Gut-Prostate Axis. Front Physiol 2022; 12:753034. [PMID: 35087414 PMCID: PMC8787367 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.753034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CNP) is one of the most prevalent diseases in human males worldwide. In 2005, the prostate-gut axis was first proposed to indicate the close relationship between the prostate and the intestine. This study investigated CNP-induced changes of the gut microbiota, gene expression and DNA methylation in a rat model by using multi-omics analysis. Firstly, 16S rDNA sequencing presented an altered structure of the microbiota in cecum of CNP rats. Then, transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression of 185 genes in intestinal epithelium was significantly changed by CNP. These changes can participate in the immune system, digestive system, metabolic process, etc. Finally, methylC-capture sequencing (MCC-Seq) found 73,232 differentially methylated sites (DMSs) in the DNA of intestinal epithelium between control and CNP rats. A combined analysis of methylomics and transcriptomics suggested an epigenetic mechanism for CNP-induced differential expression genes correlated with intestinal barrier function, immunity, metabolism, enteric infectious disease, etc. More importantly, the transcriptomic, methylomic and gut microbial changes were highly correlated with multiple processes including intestinal immunity, metabolism and epithelial barrier function. In this study, disrupted homeostasis in the gut microbiota, gene expression and DNA methylation were reported in CNP, which supports the existence of the gut-prostate axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yihe Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guangwen Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Angoorani P, Ejtahed HS, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Siadat SD, Soroush AR, Larijani B. Gut microbiota modulation as a possible mediating mechanism for fasting-induced alleviation of metabolic complications: a systematic review. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:105. [PMID: 34906176 PMCID: PMC8670288 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent fasting has been reported to have positive effects on obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and several neurodegenerative diseases through different mechanisms such as alteration in the gut microbiota. This systematic review was conducted with the aim of providing an overview of the existing animal and human literature regarding the gut microbiota alterations in various fasting regimens. METHOD A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases up to May 2021 to find all relevant studies examining the gut microbiota alteration during the fasting. Original researches on animal models or human patients were included in this study. RESULTS The search fulfilled 3072 documents from which 31 studies (20 animal and 11 human studies) were included. Upon fasting, abundance of several beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium shifted significantly. Moreover, some taxa, including Odoribacter which negatively associated with blood pressure bloomed during fasting. Ramadan fasting, as a kind of intermittent fasting, improves health parameters through positive changes in gut microbiota including upregulation of A. muciniphila, B. fragilis, Bacteroides and butyric acid-producing Lachnospiraceae. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that different fasting regimens including alternate-day fasting, calorie- and time-restricted fasting programs and Ramadan fasting could promote health maybe through the modulation of gut microbiome. However, further studies are needed to explore properly the connection between gut microbiota and meal frequency and timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooneh Angoorani
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar Ave, 1411413137, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Soroush
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar Ave, 1411413137, Tehran, Iran
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25
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The influence of early-life microbial exposures on long-term respiratory health. Paediatr Respir Rev 2021; 40:15-23. [PMID: 34140238 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Host-microbiome interactions exert a profound influence on human physiology and health outcomes. In particular, certain characteristics of commensal microbiota during a critical period in early life are essential for the establishment of immune tone and metabolic control. An increasing body of evidence suggests that early life exposures that disrupt these interactions can substantially influence life-long risks for respiratory disease. Here, we explore how such early life exposures, including antibiotic exposure, maternal diet, preterm birth, mode of delivery, breastfeeding, and environmental variables shape the infant microbiome, and the mechanisms by such changes can in turn impact respiratory health.
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26
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Maresca M, Alatou R, Pujol A, Nicoletti C, Perrier J, Giardina T, Simon G, Méjean V, Fons M. RadA, a MSCRAMM Adhesin of the Dominant Symbiote Ruminococcus gnavus E1, Binds Human Immunoglobulins and Intestinal Mucins. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1613. [PMID: 34827611 PMCID: PMC8615915 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion to the digestive mucosa is considered a key factor for bacterial persistence within the gut. In this study, we show that Ruminococcus gnavus E1 can express the radA gene, which encodes an adhesin of the MSCRAMMs family, only when it colonizes the gut. The RadA N-terminal region contains an all-β bacterial Ig-like domain known to interact with collagens. We observed that it preferentially binds human immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG) and intestinal mucins. Using deglycosylated substrates, we also showed that the RadA N-terminal region recognizes two different types of motifs, the protein backbone of human IgG and the glycan structure of mucins. Finally, competition assays with lectins and free monosaccharides identified Galactose and N-Acetyl-Galactosamine motifs as specific targets for the binding of RadA to mucins and the surface of human epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, IM2B, 13007 Marseille, France; (A.P.); (C.N.); (J.P.); (T.G.)
| | - Radia Alatou
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, RN79 Constantine, Algeria;
| | - Ange Pujol
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, IM2B, 13007 Marseille, France; (A.P.); (C.N.); (J.P.); (T.G.)
| | - Cendrine Nicoletti
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, IM2B, 13007 Marseille, France; (A.P.); (C.N.); (J.P.); (T.G.)
| | - Josette Perrier
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, IM2B, 13007 Marseille, France; (A.P.); (C.N.); (J.P.); (T.G.)
| | - Thierry Giardina
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2, IM2B, 13007 Marseille, France; (A.P.); (C.N.); (J.P.); (T.G.)
| | - Gwenola Simon
- Aix Marseille University, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13007 Marseille, France;
| | - Vincent Méjean
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, BIP UMR7281, IMM, IM2B, 13007 Marseille, France;
| | - Michel Fons
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, BIP UMR7281, IMM, IM2B, 13007 Marseille, France;
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27
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Berkhout MD, Plugge CM, Belzer C. How microbial glycosyl hydrolase activity in the gut mucosa initiates microbial cross-feeding. Glycobiology 2021; 32:182-200. [PMID: 34939101 PMCID: PMC8966484 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is protected from direct contact with gut microbes by a mucus layer. This mucus layer consists of secreted mucin glycoproteins. The outer mucus layer in the large intestine forms a niche that attracts specific gut microbiota members of which several gut commensals can degrade mucin. Mucin glycan degradation is a complex process that requires a broad range of glycan degrading enzymes, as mucin glycans are intricate and diverse molecules. Consequently, it is hypothesised that microbial mucin breakdown requires concerted action of various enzymes in a network of multiple resident microbes at the gut mucosa. This review investigates the evolutionary relationships of microbial CAZymes that are potentially involved in mucin glycan degradation and focuses on the role that microbial enzymes play in the degradation of gut mucin glycans in microbial cross-feeding and syntrophic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse D Berkhout
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline M Plugge
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Chen Z, Luo J, Li J, Kim G, Chen ES, Xiao S, Snapper SB, Bao B, An D, Blumberg RS, Lin CH, Wang S, Zhong J, Liu K, Li Q, Wu C, Kuchroo VK. Foxo1 controls gut homeostasis and commensalism by regulating mucus secretion. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210324. [PMID: 34287641 PMCID: PMC8424467 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus produced by goblet cells in the gastrointestinal tract forms a biological barrier that protects the intestine from invasion by commensals and pathogens. However, the host-derived regulatory network that controls mucus secretion and thereby changes gut microbiota has not been well studied. Here, we identify that Forkhead box protein O1 (Foxo1) regulates mucus secretion by goblet cells and determines intestinal homeostasis. Loss of Foxo1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) results in defects in goblet cell autophagy and mucus secretion, leading to an impaired gut microenvironment and dysbiosis. Subsequently, due to changes in microbiota and disruption in microbiome metabolites of short-chain fatty acids, Foxo1 deficiency results in altered organization of tight junction proteins and enhanced susceptibility to intestinal inflammation. Our study demonstrates that Foxo1 is crucial for IECs to establish commensalism and maintain intestinal barrier integrity by regulating goblet cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuojia Chen
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jialie Luo
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jian Li
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Girak Kim
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Eric S. Chen
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Scott B. Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Bin Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Dingding An
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Richard S. Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Cheng-hui Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Sui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Jiaxin Zhong
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kuai Liu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiyuan Li
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chuan Wu
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Vijay K. Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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29
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Sauvaitre T, Etienne-Mesmin L, Sivignon A, Mosoni P, Courtin CM, Van de Wiele T, Blanquet-Diot S. Tripartite relationship between gut microbiota, intestinal mucus and dietary fibers: towards preventive strategies against enteric infections. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:5918835. [PMID: 33026073 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut is inhabited by a large variety of microorganims involved in many physiological processes and collectively referred as to gut microbiota. Disrupted microbiome has been associated with negative health outcomes and especially could promote the onset of enteric infections. To sustain their growth and persistence within the human digestive tract, gut microbes and enteric pathogens rely on two main polysaccharide compartments, namely dietary fibers and mucus carbohydrates. Several evidences suggest that the three-way relationship between gut microbiota, dietary fibers and mucus layer could unravel the capacity of enteric pathogens to colonise the human digestive tract and ultimately lead to infection. The review starts by shedding light on similarities and differences between dietary fibers and mucus carbohydrates structures and functions. Next, we provide an overview of the interactions of these two components with the third partner, namely, the gut microbiota, under health and disease situations. The review will then provide insights into the relevance of using dietary fibers interventions to prevent enteric infections with a focus on gut microbial imbalance and impaired-mucus integrity. Facing the numerous challenges in studying microbiota-pathogen-dietary fiber-mucus interactions, we lastly describe the characteristics and potentialities of currently available in vitro models of the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sauvaitre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adeline Sivignon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 1071 Inserm, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Mosoni
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe M Courtin
- KU Leuven, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry & Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 INRAe, Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health (MEDIS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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30
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Gao H, Qin Y, Zeng J, Yang Q, Jia T. Dietary intervention with sialylated lactulose affects the immunomodulatory activities of mice. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9494-9504. [PMID: 34176623 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Four sialylated lactuloses [N-acetylneuraminic acid-α2,3-lactulose (Neu5Acα2,3lactulose), N-acetylneuraminic acid-α2,6-lactulose (Neu5Acα2,6lactulose), deaminoneuraminc acid-α2,3-lactulose (Kdnα2,3lactulose), and deaminoneuraminc acid-α-2,6-lactulose (Kdnα2,6lactulose)] were reported to modulate the immunity of mice. The influences of cytokine expression, cell immunity, humoral immunity, and nonspecific immunity were investigated in our study using several techniques. Analysis via ELISA showed that cytokine expression was induced by sialylated lactulose treatment consistently in the serum and spleen. Among the 4 tested sialylated lactuloses, Neu5Acα2,6lactulose performed the best, simultaneously and appropriately promoting the expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in the serum and spleen. Kdnα2,3lactulose showed the best antioxidant activity according to detection of the activity of superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase, peroxidase, and alkaline phosphatase. Flow cytometry revealed that only Kdnα2,3lactulose significantly boosted the CD3+ T lymphocyte ratio similarly to that of lactulose. Analysis of the hemolysin content to characterize humoral immunity revealed that Kdnα2,3lactulose notably increased hemolysin content compared with that in the control group. To evaluate the nonspecific immune effects of the 4 sialylated lactuloses, a fluorescence microsphere phagocytosis assay was used to analyze the phagocytosis of macrophages. Kdnα2,3lactulose still performed the best in enhancing the phagocytosis of macrophages, showing markedly increased phagocytic percentage and phagocytic index values compared with those in the control and lactulose groups. Comparing the differences of these 4 sialylated lactuloses in affecting immunity in mice revealed that Kdnα2,3lactulose had the best overall performance in influencing cytokine expression, cell immunity, humoral immunity, and nonspecific immunity. This study provides critical support for use of sialylated lactuloses as potential immunomodulators in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Gao
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Yueqi Qin
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Tian Jia
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
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31
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Chikina A, Matic Vignjevic D. At the right time in the right place: How do luminal gradients position the microbiota along the gut? Cells Dev 2021; 168:203712. [PMID: 34174490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal system is highly compartmentalized, where individual segments perform separate tasks to achieve common physiological goals. The gut luminal content, chyme, changes its chemical and physical properties as it passes through different intestinal segments. Together, the chyme composition, mucus, pH and oxygen gradients along the gut create a variety of highly distinct ecological niches that form, maintain and reinforce the symbiosis with the particular microbiota. Hosting different microbiota members at specific locations creates one of the most complex and sophisticated gradient - gradient of the local ecosystems that live and interact with each other, providing advantages and challenges to the host and creating our microbial self. Here, we discuss how intestinal luminal gradients are created and maintained in homeostasis, their role in a correct microbiota positioning, and their change upon inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Chikina
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France.
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32
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Classification, structural biology, and applications of mucin domain-targeting proteases. Biochem J 2021; 478:1585-1603. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial surfaces throughout the body are coated by mucins, a class of proteins carrying domains characterized by a high density of O-glycosylated serine and threonine residues. The resulting mucosal layers form crucial host-microbe interfaces that prevent the translocation of microbes while also selecting for distinct bacteria via the presented glycan repertoire. The intricate interplay between mucus production and breakdown thus determines the composition of the microbiota maintained within these mucosal environments, which can have a large influence on the host during both homeostasis and disease. Most research to date on mucus breakdown has focused on glycosidases that trim glycan structures to release monosaccharides as a source of nutrients. More recent work has uncovered the existence of mucin-type O-glycosylation-dependent proteases that are secreted by pathogens, commensals, and mutualists to facilitate mucosal colonization and penetration. Additionally, immunoglobulin A (IgA) proteases promote bacterial colonization in the presence of neutralizing secretory IgA through selective cleavage of the heavily O-glycosylated hinge region. In this review, we summarize families of O-glycoproteases and IgA proteases, discuss known structural features, and review applications of these enzymes to glycobiology.
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33
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Yu D, Banting G, Neumann NF. A review of the taxonomy, genetics, and biology of the genus Escherichia and the type species Escherichia coli. Can J Microbiol 2021; 67:553-571. [PMID: 33789061 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Historically, bacteriologists have relied heavily on biochemical and structural phenotypes for bacterial taxonomic classification. However, advances in comparative genomics have led to greater insights into the remarkable genetic diversity within the microbial world, and even within well-accepted species such as Escherichia coli. The extraordinary genetic diversity in E. coli recapitulates the evolutionary radiation of this species in exploiting a wide range of niches (i.e., ecotypes), including the gastrointestinal system of diverse vertebrate hosts as well as non-host natural environments (soil, natural waters, wastewater), which drives the adaptation, natural selection, and evolution of intragenotypic conspecific specialism as a strategy for survival. Over the last few years, there has been increasing evidence that many E. coli strains are very host (or niche)-specific. While biochemical and phylogenetic evidence support the classification of E. coli as a distinct species, the vast genomic (diverse pan-genome and intragenotypic variability), phenotypic (e.g., metabolic pathways), and ecotypic (host-/niche-specificity) diversity, comparable to the diversity observed in known species complexes, suggest that E. coli is better represented as a complex. Herein we review the taxonomic classification of the genus Escherichia and discuss how phenotype, genotype, and ecotype recapitulate our understanding of the biology of this remarkable bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Yu
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G IC9, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G IC9, Canada
| | - Graham Banting
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G IC9, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G IC9, Canada
| | - Norman F Neumann
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G IC9, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G IC9, Canada
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Carroll-Portillo A, Lin HC. Exploring Mucin as Adjunct to Phage Therapy. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030509. [PMID: 33670927 PMCID: PMC7997181 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional phage therapy using bacteriophages (phages) for specific targeting of pathogenic bacteria is not always useful as a therapeutic for gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Complex dysbiotic GI disorders such as small intestinal bowel overgrowth (SIBO), ulcerative colitis (UC), or Crohn’s disease (CD) are even more difficult to treat as these conditions have shifts in multiple populations of bacteria within the microbiome. Such community-level structural changes in the gut microbiota may require an alternative to conventional phage therapy such as fecal virome transfer or a phage cocktail capable of targeting multiple bacterial species. Additionally, manipulation of the GI microenvironment may enhance beneficial bacteria–phage interactions during treatment. Mucin, produced along the entire length of the GI tract to protect the underlying mucosa, is a prominent contributor to the GI microenvironment and may facilitate bacteria–phage interactions in multiple ways, potentially serving as an adjunct during phage therapy. In this review, we will describe what is known about the role of mucin within the GI tract and how its facilitation of bacteria–phage interactions should be considered in any effort directed at optimizing effectiveness of a phage therapy for gastrointestinal dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Carroll-Portillo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Henry C. Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
- Medicine Service, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-505-265-1711 (ext. 4552)
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Pruss KM, Marcobal A, Southwick AM, Dahan D, Smits SA, Ferreyra JA, Higginbottom SK, Sonnenburg ED, Kashyap PC, Choudhury B, Bode L, Sonnenburg JL. Mucin-derived O-glycans supplemented to diet mitigate diverse microbiota perturbations. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:577-591. [PMID: 33087860 PMCID: PMC8027378 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) are powerful modulators of microbiota composition and function. These substrates are often derived from diet, such as complex polysaccharides from plants or human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) during breastfeeding. Host-derived mucus glycans on gut-secreted mucin proteins serve as a continuous endogenous source of MACs for resident microbes; here we investigate the potential role of purified, orally administered mucus glycans in maintaining a healthy microbial community. In this study, we liberated and purified O-linked glycans from porcine gastric mucin and assessed their efficacy in shaping the recovery of a perturbed microbiota in a mouse model. We found that porcine mucin glycans (PMGs) and HMOs enrich for taxonomically similar resident microbes. We demonstrate that PMGs aid recovery of the microbiota after antibiotic treatment, suppress Clostridium difficile abundance, delay the onset of diet-induced obesity, and increase the relative abundance of resident Akkermansia muciniphila. In silico analysis revealed that genes associated with mucus utilization are abundant and diverse in prevalent gut commensals and rare in enteric pathogens, consistent with these glycan-degrading capabilities being selected for during host development and throughout the evolution of the host-microbe relationship. Importantly, we identify mucus glycans as a novel class of prebiotic compounds that can be used to mitigate perturbations to the microbiota and provide benefits to host physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Pruss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A Marcobal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A M Southwick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - D Dahan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S A Smits
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J A Ferreyra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S K Higginbottom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - E D Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - P C Kashyap
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - B Choudhury
- GlycoAnalytics Core, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - L Bode
- Division of Neonatology and Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J L Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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Mucin as a Functional Niche is a More Important Driver of in Vitro Gut Microbiota Composition and Functionality than Supplementation of Akkermansia m uciniphila. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02647-20. [PMID: 33277271 PMCID: PMC7851700 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02647-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE SECTION Research into identification of biomarkers for gut health and ways to modulate the microbiota composition and activity to improve health, has put Akkermansia muciniphila in the spotlight. As a mucin degrader, A. muciniphila colonizes the interesting but not-fully described host-glycan degradation niche., . Plenty of research concerning A. muciniphila has been done, but little is known about its behavior in the complex microbial ecosystem in the colon, about the potential role of mucins to influence A. muciniphila behavior and the impact of its probiotic administration on the microbial ecosystem.This study aimed at investigating the impact of A. muciniphila administration on the endogenous community while also taking into account its nutritional specificity. As such, the effect of A.mucinihpila administration was investigated with and without addition of mucin. This allowed us to elucidate the importance of mucin presence to modulate the efficiency of the probiotic supplementation with A. muciniphila Akkermansia muciniphila is an abundantly present commensal mucin degrading gut bacterium (1 - 4%) , widely distributed among healthy individuals. It has been positioned as a health biomarker and is currently explored as a biotherapeutic agent and next generation probiotic. Preliminary and ongoing research is mostly based on in vivo mouse models and human intervention trials. While these allow the assessment of physiologically relevant endpoints, the analysis of fecal samples presents limitations with respect to the in-depth mechanistic characterization of Akkermansia effects at the level of the microbiome. We aimed to evaluate the effect of A. muciniphila treatment on the endogenous community from four different donors in a validated, controlled in vitro model of the gut microbial ecosystem (SHIME). Taking into account the nutritional specificity of A. muciniphila, and the prebiotic-like action of mucins in the colon environment, the interplay between mucin, A. muciniphila and the endogenous community was investigated. The effects on the microbial community composition and functionality of A. muciniphila supplementation without mucin were limited, whereas mucin addition successfully induced compositional and metabolic changes in the gut microbiota. Indeed, mucin addition resulted in significantly higher acetate, propionate and butyrate production for all four donors, and the increase of several species, including A. muciniphila, Ruminococcus, Clostridium cluster XIVa, and Lachnospiraceae This study revealed that the supplementation of A. muciniphila together with mucin limited the observed prebiotic-like effect of mucin in inducing compositional changes.
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Molina Ortiz JP, McClure DD, Shanahan ER, Dehghani F, Holmes AJ, Read MN. Enabling rational gut microbiome manipulations by understanding gut ecology through experimentally-evidenced in silico models. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1965698. [PMID: 34455914 PMCID: PMC8432618 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1965698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has emerged as a contributing factor in non-communicable disease, rendering it a target of health-promoting interventions. Yet current understanding of the host-microbiome dynamic is insufficient to predict the variation in intervention outcomes across individuals. We explore the mechanisms that underpin the gut bacterial ecosystem and highlight how a more complete understanding of this ecology will enable improved intervention outcomes. This ecology varies within the gut over space and time. Interventions disrupt these processes, with cascading consequences throughout the ecosystem. In vivo studies cannot isolate and probe these processes at the required spatiotemporal resolutions, and in vitro studies lack the representative complexity required. However, we highlight that, together, both approaches can inform in silico models that integrate cellular-level dynamics, can extrapolate to explain bacterial community outcomes, permit experimentation and observation over ecological processes at high spatiotemporal resolution, and can serve as predictive platforms on which to prototype interventions. Thus, it is a concerted integration of these techniques that will enable rational targeted manipulations of the gut ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P. Molina Ortiz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Engineering, Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dale D. McClure
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Engineering, Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Erin R. Shanahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Engineering, Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Holmes
- Faculty of Engineering, Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark N. Read
- Faculty of Engineering, Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
The functional diversity of the mammalian intestinal microbiome far exceeds that of the host organism, and microbial genes contribute substantially to the well-being of the host. However, beneficial gut organisms can also be pathogenic when present in the gut or other locations in the body. Among dominant beneficial bacteria are several species of Bacteroides, which metabolize polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, providing nutrition and vitamins to the host and other intestinal microbial residents. These topics and the specific organismal and molecular interactions that are known to be responsible for the beneficial and detrimental effects of Bacteroides species in humans comprise the focus of this review. The complexity of these interactions will be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Zafar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara,Okara, PunjabPakistan
| | - Milton H. Saier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, USA
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Pearson JA, Wong FS, Wen L. Crosstalk between circadian rhythms and the microbiota. Immunology 2020; 161:278-290. [PMID: 33090484 PMCID: PMC7692254 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms influence daily molecular oscillations in gene/protein expression and aspects of biology and physiology, including behaviour, body temperature and sleep–wake cycles. These circadian rhythms have been associated with a number of metabolic, immune and microbial changes that correlate with health and susceptibility to disease, including infection. While light is the main inducer of circadian rhythms, other factors, including the microbiota, can have important effects on peripheral rhythms. The microbiota have been of significant interest to many investigators over the past decade, with the development of molecular techniques to identify large numbers of species and their function. These studies have shown microbial associations with disease susceptibility, and some of these have demonstrated that alterations in microbiota cause disease. Microbial circadian oscillations impact host metabolism and immunity directly and indirectly. Interestingly, microbial oscillations also regulate host circadian rhythms, and the host circadian rhythms in turn modulate microbial composition. Thus, it is of considerable interest and importance to understand the crosstalk between circadian rhythms and microbiota and especially the microbial influences on the host. In this review, we aim to discuss the role of circadian microbial oscillations and how they influence host immunity. In addition, we discuss how host circadian rhythms can also modulate microbial rhythms. We also discuss potential connections between microbes and circadian rhythms and how these may be used therapeutically to maximize clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Alexander Pearson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Florence Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Li Wen
- Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Hino S, Mizushima T, Kaneko K, Kawai E, Kondo T, Genda T, Yamada T, Hase K, Nishimura N, Morita T. Mucin-Derived O-Glycans Act as Endogenous Fiber and Sustain Mucosal Immune Homeostasis via Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production in Rat Cecum. J Nutr 2020; 150:2656-2665. [PMID: 32286621 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal mucins escape digestion and enter the large bowel where they are degraded by the microbiota. To what extent and how mucins impact large-bowel physiology remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study examined the large-bowel fermentation characteristics of mucins and mucin-derived O-glycan sugars and whether they affect gut immunity. METHODS Mucin secretion from the terminal ileum was determined from feces of ileorectostomized male Wistar rats (age 6 wk) fed an AIN76-based control diet (CD) for 15 d (experiment 1). Normal male Wistar rats (age 6 wk; 4 wk for experiment 4) were fed CD ± porcine stomach mucin (PM) at 6 or 12 g/kg diet, equivalent to 1.5 and 3 times the daily mucin secretion, for 14 d (experiment 2); CD ± N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), fucose, or N-acetylneuraminic acid at 10 g/kg diet for 14 d (experiment 3); or CD ± PM (15 g/kg diet) or GlcNAc (10 g/kg diet) for 29 d (experiment 4). SCFAs, microbial composition, and cecal O-glycan content were assessed. IgA+ plasma cells and regulatory T cells and inflammatory cytokine expression in the cecum were evaluated (experiment 4). RESULTS Daily mucin secretion corresponded to 43.2 μmol of O-glycans. Cecal O-glycan contents were comparable between CD- and PM-fed rats. PM-fed rats harbored more mucin-degrading bacteria. Cecal concentrations of acetate (+37%) and n-butyrate (+73%) were higher in 12-g/kg PM diet-fed rats versus CD (P < 0.05). Among O-glycan sugars, only GlcNAc produced higher n-butyrate concentrations (+68%) versus CD (P < 0.05), with increased numbers of butyrate-producing bacteria. GlcNAc increased the abundance of IgA+ plasma cells (+29%) and regulatory T cells (+33%) versus CD, whereas PM increased IgA+ plasma cells (+25%) (all P < 0.05). GlcNAc and PM decreased expression of Tnfa (-30%, -40%) and Ifng (-30%, -70%) versus CD (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Mucin-derived O-glycans act as endogenous fiber and maintain mucosal immune homeostasis via large-bowel SCFA production in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Hino
- College of Agriculture, Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takayasu Mizushima
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kaneko
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Erika Kawai
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Genda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomichi Nishimura
- College of Agriculture, Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morita
- College of Agriculture, Academic Institute, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
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Bell A, Juge N. Mucosal glycan degradation of the host by the gut microbiota. Glycobiology 2020; 31:691-696. [PMID: 33043970 PMCID: PMC8252862 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a major role in human health and an alteration in gut microbiota structure and function has been implicated in several diseases. In the colon, mucus covering the epithelium is critical to maintain a homeostatic relationship with the gut microbiota by harboring a microbial community at safe distance from the epithelium surface. The mucin glycans composing the mucus layer provide binding sites and a sustainable source of nutrients to the bacteria inhabiting the mucus niche. Access to these glycan chains requires a complement of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) produced by bacteria across the phyla constituting the human gut microbiota. Due to the increased recognition of the role of mucus-associated microbes in human health, how commensal bacteria breakdown and utilize host mucin glycans has become of increased interest and is reviewed here. This short review provides an overview of the strategies evolved by gut commensal bacteria to access this rich source of the nutrient with a focus on the GHs involved in mucin degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bell
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Rosalind Franklin Road Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Nathalie Juge
- The Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Rosalind Franklin Road Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
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Pereira FC, Wasmund K, Cobankovic I, Jehmlich N, Herbold CW, Lee KS, Sziranyi B, Vesely C, Decker T, Stocker R, Warth B, von Bergen M, Wagner M, Berry D. Rational design of a microbial consortium of mucosal sugar utilizers reduces Clostridiodes difficile colonization. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5104. [PMID: 33037214 PMCID: PMC7547075 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many intestinal pathogens, including Clostridioides difficile, use mucus-derived sugars as crucial nutrients in the gut. Commensals that compete with pathogens for such nutrients are therefore ecological gatekeepers in healthy guts, and are attractive candidates for therapeutic interventions. Nevertheless, there is a poor understanding of which commensals use mucin-derived sugars in situ as well as their potential to impede pathogen colonization. Here, we identify mouse gut commensals that utilize mucus-derived monosaccharides within complex communities using single-cell stable isotope probing, Raman-activated cell sorting and mini-metagenomics. Sequencing of cell-sorted fractions reveals members of the underexplored family Muribaculaceae as major mucin monosaccharide foragers, followed by members of Lachnospiraceae, Rikenellaceae, and Bacteroidaceae families. Using this information, we assembled a five-member consortium of sialic acid and N-acetylglucosamine utilizers that impedes C. difficile's access to these mucosal sugars and impairs pathogen colonization in antibiotic-treated mice. Our findings underscore the value of targeted approaches to identify organisms utilizing key nutrients and to rationally design effective probiotic mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima C Pereira
- University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kenneth Wasmund
- University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iva Cobankovic
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Craig W Herbold
- University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kang Soo Lee
- Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Sziranyi
- University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Vesely
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Decker
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Stocker
- Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt Warth
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - David Berry
- University of Vienna, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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43
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Tauzin AS, Pereira MR, Van Vliet LD, Colin PY, Laville E, Esque J, Laguerre S, Henrissat B, Terrapon N, Lombard V, Leclerc M, Doré J, Hollfelder F, Potocki-Veronese G. Investigating host-microbiome interactions by droplet based microfluidics. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:141. [PMID: 33004077 PMCID: PMC7531118 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the importance of the mucosal interface between microbiota and the host in gut homeostasis, little is known about the mechanisms of bacterial gut colonization, involving foraging for glycans produced by epithelial cells. The slow pace of progress toward understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms is largely due to the lack of efficient discovery tools, especially those targeting the uncultured fraction of the microbiota. RESULTS Here, we introduce an ultra-high-throughput metagenomic approach based on droplet microfluidics, to screen fosmid libraries. Thousands of bacterial genomes can be covered in 1 h of work, with less than ten micrograms of substrate. Applied to the screening of the mucosal microbiota for β-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity, this approach allowed the identification of pathways involved in the degradation of human gangliosides and milk oligosaccharides, the structural homologs of intestinal mucin glycans. These pathways, whose prevalence is associated with inflammatory bowel diseases, could be the result of horizontal gene transfers with Bacteroides species. Such pathways represent novel targets to study the microbiota-host interactions in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases, in which the integrity of the mucosal barrier is impaired. CONCLUSION By compartmentalizing experiments inside microfluidic droplets, this method speeds up and miniaturizes by several orders of magnitude the screening process compared to conventional approaches, to capture entire metabolic pathways from metagenomic libraries. The method is compatible with all types of (meta)genomic libraries, and employs a commercially available flow cytometer instead of a custom-made sorting system to detect intracellular or extracellular enzyme activities. This versatile and generic workflow will accelerate experimental exploration campaigns in functional metagenomics and holobiomics studies, to further decipher host-microbiota relationships. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Tauzin
- TBI, CNRS, INRAE, INSAT, Université de Toulouse, F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Mariana Rangel Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, BrasÍlia, DF, 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Liisa D Van Vliet
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
- Drop-Tech, Canterbury Court, Cambridge, CB4 3QU, UK
| | - Pierre-Yves Colin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Elisabeth Laville
- TBI, CNRS, INRAE, INSAT, Université de Toulouse, F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Jeremy Esque
- TBI, CNRS, INRAE, INSAT, Université de Toulouse, F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Laguerre
- TBI, CNRS, INRAE, INSAT, Université de Toulouse, F-31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- CNRS, UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13288, Marseille, France
- USC 1408 AFMB, INRAE, F-13288, Marseille, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicolas Terrapon
- CNRS, UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13288, Marseille, France
- USC 1408 AFMB, INRAE, F-13288, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Lombard
- CNRS, UMR 7257, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13288, Marseille, France
- USC 1408 AFMB, INRAE, F-13288, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Leclerc
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Joël Doré
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Metagenopolis, INRAE, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florian Hollfelder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.
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Kudelka MR, Stowell SR, Cummings RD, Neish AS. Intestinal epithelial glycosylation in homeostasis and gut microbiota interactions in IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:597-617. [PMID: 32710014 PMCID: PMC8211394 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects 6.8 million people globally. A variety of factors have been implicated in IBD pathogenesis, including host genetics, immune dysregulation and gut microbiota alterations. Emerging evidence implicates intestinal epithelial glycosylation as an underappreciated process that interfaces with these three factors. IBD is associated with increased expression of truncated O-glycans as well as altered expression of terminal glycan structures. IBD genes, glycosyltransferase mislocalization, altered glycosyltransferase and glycosidase expression and dysbiosis drive changes in the glycome. These glycan changes disrupt the mucus layer, glycan-lectin interactions, host-microorganism interactions and mucosal immunity, and ultimately contribute to IBD pathogenesis. Epithelial glycans are especially critical in regulating the gut microbiota through providing bacterial ligands and nutrients and ultimately determining the spatial organization of the gut microbiota. In this Review, we discuss the regulation of intestinal epithelial glycosylation, altered epithelial glycosylation in IBD and mechanisms for how these alterations contribute to disease pathobiology. We hope that this Review provides a foundation for future studies on IBD glycosylation and the emergence of glycan-inspired therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Kudelka
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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45
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Unusan N. Essential oils and microbiota: Implications for diet and weight control. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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46
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Skowron K, Kurnik-Łucka M, Dadański E, Bętkowska-Korpała B, Gil K. Backstage of Eating Disorder-About the Biological Mechanisms behind the Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2604. [PMID: 32867089 PMCID: PMC7551451 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) represents a disorder with the highest mortality rate among all psychiatric diseases, yet our understanding of its pathophysiological components continues to be fragmentary. This article reviews the current concepts regarding AN pathomechanisms that focus on the main biological aspects involving central and peripheral neurohormonal pathways, endocrine function, as well as the microbiome-gut-brain axis. It emerged from the unique complexity of constantly accumulating new discoveries, which hamper the ability to look at the disease in a more comprehensive way. The emphasis is placed on the mechanisms underlying the main symptoms and potential new directions that require further investigation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skowron
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta St 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (K.S.); (M.K.-Ł.); (E.D.)
| | - Magdalena Kurnik-Łucka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta St 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (K.S.); (M.K.-Ł.); (E.D.)
| | - Emil Dadański
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta St 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (K.S.); (M.K.-Ł.); (E.D.)
| | - Barbara Bętkowska-Korpała
- Department of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Institute of Medical Psychology, Jakubowskiego St 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta St 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (K.S.); (M.K.-Ł.); (E.D.)
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Prominent members of the human gut microbiota express endo-acting O-glycanases to initiate mucin breakdown. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4017. [PMID: 32782292 PMCID: PMC7419316 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The thick mucus layer of the gut provides a barrier to infiltration of the underlying epithelia by both the normal microbiota and enteric pathogens. Some members of the microbiota utilise mucin glycoproteins as a nutrient source, but a detailed understanding of the mechanisms used to breakdown these complex macromolecules is lacking. Here we describe the discovery and characterisation of endo-acting enzymes from prominent mucin-degrading bacteria that target the polyLacNAc structures within oligosaccharide side chains of both animal and human mucins. These O-glycanases are part of the large and diverse glycoside hydrolase 16 (GH16) family and are often lipoproteins, indicating that they are surface located and thus likely involved in the initial step in mucin breakdown. These data provide a significant advance in our knowledge of the mechanism of mucin breakdown by the normal microbiota. Furthermore, we also demonstrate the potential use of these enzymes as tools to explore changes in O-glycan structure in a number of intestinal disease states. Epithelial cells that line the gut secrete complex glycoproteins that form a mucus layer to protect the gut wall from enteric pathogens. Here, the authors provide a comprehensive characterisation of endo-acting glycoside hydrolases expressed by mucin-degrading members of the microbiome that are able to cleave the O-glycan chains of a range of different animal and human mucins.
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Ng KM, Aranda-Díaz A, Tropini C, Frankel MR, Van Treuren W, O'Loughlin CT, Merrill BD, Yu FB, Pruss KM, Oliveira RA, Higginbottom SK, Neff NF, Fischbach MA, Xavier KB, Sonnenburg JL, Huang KC. Recovery of the Gut Microbiota after Antibiotics Depends on Host Diet, Community Context, and Environmental Reservoirs. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 26:650-665.e4. [PMID: 31726029 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics alter microbiota composition and increase infection susceptibility. However, the generalizable effects of antibiotics on and the contribution of environmental variables to gut commensals remain unclear. To address this, we tracked microbiota dynamics with high temporal and taxonomic resolution during antibiotic treatment in a controlled murine system by isolating variables such as diet, treatment history, and housing co-inhabitants. Human microbiotas were remarkably resilient and recovered during antibiotic treatment, with transient dominance of resistant Bacteroides and taxa-asymmetric diversity reduction. In certain cases, in vitro sensitivities were not predictive of in vivo responses, underscoring the significance of host and community context. A fiber-deficient diet exacerbated microbiota collapse and delayed recovery. Species replacement through cross housing after ciprofloxacin treatment established resilience to a second treatment. Single housing drastically disrupted recovery, highlighting the importance of environmental reservoirs. Our findings highlight deterministic microbiota adaptations to perturbations and the translational potential for modulating diet, sanitation, and microbiota composition during antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Michelle Ng
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrés Aranda-Díaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carolina Tropini
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew Ryan Frankel
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William Van Treuren
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Colleen T O'Loughlin
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bryan Douglas Merrill
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Kali M Pruss
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Steven Kyle Higginbottom
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Norma F Neff
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael Andrew Fischbach
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Justin Laine Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kerwyn Casey Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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49
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N-glycans from human milk glycoproteins are selectively released by an infant gut symbiont in vivo. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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50
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Rahfeld P, Wardman JF, Mehr K, Huff D, Morgan-Lang C, Chen HM, Hallam SJ, Withers SG. Prospecting for microbial α- N-acetylgalactosaminidases yields a new class of GH31 O-glycanase. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16400-16415. [PMID: 31530641 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Linked GalNAc (α-GalNAc) is most notably found at the nonreducing terminus of the blood type-determining A-antigen and as the initial point of attachment to the peptide backbone in mucin-type O-glycans. However, despite their ubiquity in saccharolytic microbe-rich environments such as the human gut, relatively few α-N-acetylgalactosaminidases are known. Here, to discover and characterize novel microbial enzymes that hydrolyze α-GalNAc, we screened small-insert libraries containing metagenomic DNA from the human gut microbiome. Using a simple fluorogenic glycoside substrate, we identified and characterized a glycoside hydrolase 109 (GH109) that is active on blood type A-antigen, along with a new subfamily of glycoside hydrolase 31 (GH31) that specifically cleaves the initial α-GalNAc from mucin-type O-glycans. This represents a new activity in this GH family and a potentially useful new enzyme class for analysis or modification of O-glycans on protein or cell surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rahfeld
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada .,Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jacob F Wardman
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kevin Mehr
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Drew Huff
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Connor Morgan-Lang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Hong-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Steven J Hallam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4S6, Canada.,ECOSCOPE Training Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Stephen G Withers
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada .,Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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