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Liang S, He Z, Liu D, Yang S, Yan Q, Jiang Z. Efficient Biosynthesis of Difucosyllactose via De Novo GDP-l-Fucose Pathway in Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4367-4375. [PMID: 38374607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Difucosyllactose (DFL) is an important component of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and has significant benefits for the growth and development of infants. So far, a few microbial cell factories have been constructed for the production of DFL, which still have problems of low production and high cost. Herein, a high-level de novo pathway DFL-producing strain was constructed by multistep optimization strategies in Escherichia coli BL21star(DE3). We first efficiently synthesized the intermediate 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) in E. coli BL21star(DE3) by the advisable stepwise strategy. The truncated α-1,3/4-fucosyltransferase (Hp3/4FT) was then introduced into the engineered strain to achieve de novo biosynthesis of DFL. ATP-dependent protease (Lon) and GDP-mannose hydrolase (NudK) were deleted, and mannose-6-phosphate isomerase (ManA) was overexpressed to improve GDP-l-fucose accumulation. The regulator RcsA was overexpressed to fine-tune the expression level of pathway genes, thereby increasing the synthesis of DFL. The final strain produced 6.19 g/L of DFL in the shake flask and 33.45 g/L of DFL in the 5 L fermenter, which were the highest reported titers so far. This study provides a more economical, sustainable, and effective strategy to produce the fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanquan Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, Henan, China
| | - Zi He
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, Henan, China
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2
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Huang C, Lu Y, Kong L, Guo Z, Zhao K, Xiang Z, Ma X, Gao H, Liu Y, Gao Z, Xu L, Chai W, Li Y, Zhao Y. Human milk oligosaccharides in milk of mothers with term and preterm delivery at different lactation stage. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121263. [PMID: 37739493 PMCID: PMC10565836 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are structurally diverse unconjugated glycans, and play crucial roles in protecting infants from infections. Preterm birth is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality, and preterm infants are particularly vulnerable and are in need of improved outcomes from breast-feeding due to the presence of bioactive HMOs. However, studies on specific difference in HMOs as a function of gestation time have been very limited. We established an approach to extract and analyze HMOs based on 96-well plate extraction and mass spectrometry, and determined maternal phenotypes through distinctive fragments in product-ion spectra. We enrolled 85 women delivering at different gestation times (25-41 weeks), and observed different HMOs correlating with gestation time based on 233 samples from the 85 donors. With the increase of postpartum age, we observed a regular changing trajectory of HMOs in composition and relative abundance, and found significant differences in HMOs secreted at different postpartum times. Preterm delivery induced more variations between participants with different phenotypes compared with term delivery, and more HMOs varied with postpartum age in the population of secretors. The sialylation level in mature milk decreased for women delivering preterm while such decrease was not observed for women delivering on term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; Western Institute of Health Data Science, 28 High Tech Avenue, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Yue Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Lin Kong
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Zhendong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Keli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Xinyue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huanyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; Western Institute of Health Data Science, 28 High Tech Avenue, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Yongfang Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Zhongmin Gao
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation and Intervention, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Western Institute of Health Data Science, 28 High Tech Avenue, Chongqing 401329, China.
| | - Yao Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China.
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3
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Wang A, Diana A, Rahmannia S, Gibson RS, Houghton LA, Slupsky CM. Impact of milk secretor status on the fecal metabolome and microbiota of breastfed infants. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2257273. [PMID: 37741856 PMCID: PMC10519369 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2257273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal secretor status has been shown to be associated with the presence of specific fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), and the impact of maternal secretor status on infant gut microbiota measured through 16s sequencing has previously been reported. None of those studies have confirmed exclusive breastfeeding nor investigated the impact of maternal secretor status on gut microbial fermentation products. The present study focused on exclusively breastfed (EBF) Indonesian infants, with exclusive breastfeeding validated through the stable isotope deuterium oxide dose-to-mother (DTM) technique, and the impact of maternal secretor status on the infant fecal microbiome and metabolome. Maternal secretor status did not alter the within-community (alpha) diversity, between-community (beta) diversity, or the relative abundance of bacterial taxa at the genus level. However, infants fed milk from secretor (Se+) mothers exhibited a lower level of fecal succinate, amino acids and their derivatives, and a higher level of 1,2-propanediol when compared to infants fed milk from non-secretor (Se-) mothers. Interestingly, for infants consuming milk from Se+ mothers, there was a correlation between the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus, and between each of these genera and fecal metabolites that was not observed in infants receiving milk from Se- mothers. Our findings indicate that the secretor status of the mother impacts the gut microbiome of the exclusively breastfed infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Aly Diana
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Nutrition Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Sofa Rahmannia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung, Indonesia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rosalind S Gibson
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lisa A Houghton
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Utilizing the 1H- 15N NMR Methods for the Characterization of Isomeric Human Milk Oligosaccharides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032180. [PMID: 36768504 PMCID: PMC9917050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are structurally complex unconjugated glycans that are the third largest solid fraction in human milk after lactose and lipids. HMOs are in the forefront of research since they have been proven to possess beneficial health effects, especially on breast-fed neonates. Although HMO research is a trending topic nowadays, readily available analytical methods suitable for the routine investigation of HMOs are still incomplete. NMR spectroscopy provides detailed structural information that can be used to indicate subtle structural differences, particularly for isomeric carbohydrates. Herein, we propose an NMR-based method to identify the major isomeric HMOs containing GlcNAc and/or Neu5Ac building blocks utilizing their amide functionality. Experimental conditions were optimized (H2O:D2O 9:1 v/v solvent at pH 3.0) to obtain 1H-15N HSQC and 1H-15N HSQC-TOCSY NMR spectra of the aforementioned building blocks in HMOs. Four isomeric HMO pairs, LNT/LNnT, 3'SL/6'SL, LNFP II/LNFP III, and LSTa/LSTb, were investigated, and complete NMR resonance assignments were provided. In addition, 1H and 15N NMR resonances were found to be indicative of various linkages, thereby facilitating the distinction of isomeric tri-, tetra-, and pentasaccharide HMOs. The rapid growth of HMO products (from infant formulas and dietary supplements to cosmetics) undoubtedly requires expanding the range of applicable analytical methods. Thus, our work provides a 15N NMR-based method to advance this challenging field of carbohydrate analysis.
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5
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Rastall RA, Diez-Municio M, Forssten SD, Hamaker B, Meynier A, Moreno FJ, Respondek F, Stah B, Venema K, Wiese M. Structure and function of non-digestible carbohydrates in the gut microbiome. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:95-168. [PMID: 35729770 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Together with proteins and fats, carbohydrates are one of the macronutrients in the human diet. Digestible carbohydrates, such as starch, starch-based products, sucrose, lactose, glucose and some sugar alcohols and unusual (and fairly rare) α-linked glucans, directly provide us with energy while other carbohydrates including high molecular weight polysaccharides, mainly from plant cell walls, provide us with dietary fibre. Carbohydrates which are efficiently digested in the small intestine are not available in appreciable quantities to act as substrates for gut bacteria. Some oligo- and polysaccharides, many of which are also dietary fibres, are resistant to digestion in the small intestines and enter the colon where they provide substrates for the complex bacterial ecosystem that resides there. This review will focus on these non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) and examine their impact on the gut microbiota and their physiological impact. Of particular focus will be the potential of non-digestible carbohydrates to act as prebiotics, but the review will also evaluate direct effects of NDC on human cells and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Rastall
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, P.O. Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - M Diez-Municio
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S D Forssten
- IFF Health & Biosciences, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - B Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2009, USA
| | - A Meynier
- Nutrition Research, Mondelez France R&D SAS, 6 rue René Razel, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - F Javier Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Respondek
- Tereos, Zoning Industriel Portuaire, 67390 Marckolsheim, France
| | - B Stah
- Human Milk Research & Analytical Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University - campus Venlo, St. Jansweg 20, 5928 RC Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - M Wiese
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE, Zeist, the Netherlands
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6
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Mendis PM, Jackson GP. Structural characterization of human milk oligosaccharides using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-helium charge transfer dissociation mass spectrometry. Glycobiology 2022; 32:483-495. [PMID: 35275172 PMCID: PMC9271224 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of helium charge transfer dissociation mass spectrometry (He-CTD-MS) with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) is presented for the analysis of a complex mixture of acidic and neutral human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). The research focuses on the identification of the monosaccharide sequence, the branching patterns, the sialylation/fucosylation arrangements, and the differentiation of isomeric oligosaccharides in the mixture. Initial studies first optimized the conditions for the UHPLC separation and the He-CTD-MS conditions. Results demonstrate that He-CTD is compatible with UHPLC timescales and provides unambiguous glycosidic and cross-ring cleavages from both the reducing and the nonreducing ends, which is not typically possible using collision-induced dissociation. He-CTD produces informative fragments, including 0,3An and 0,4An ions, which have been observed with electron transfer dissociation, electron detachment dissociation, and ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) and are crucial for differentiating the α-2,3- versus α-2,6-linked sialic acid (Neu5Ac) residues present among sialyllacto-N-tetraose HMOs. In addition to the linkage positions, He-CTD is able to differentiate structural isomers for both sialyllacto-N-tetraoses and lacto-N-fucopentaoses structures by providing unique, unambiguous cross-ring cleavages of types 0,2An, 0,2Xn, and 1,5An while preserving most of the labile Neu5Ac and fucose groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praneeth M Mendis
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6121, USA
| | - Glen P Jackson
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6121, USA.,Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6121, USA
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7
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Peila C, Sottemano S, Cesare Marincola F, Stocchero M, Pusceddu NG, Dessì A, Baraldi E, Fanos V, Bertino E. NMR Metabonomic Profile of Preterm Human Milk in the First Month of Lactation: From Extreme to Moderate Prematurity. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030345. [PMID: 35159496 PMCID: PMC8834565 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the composition of human milk (HM) can provide important insights into the links between infant nutrition, health, and development. In the present work, we have longitudinally investigated the metabolome of milk from 36 women delivering preterm at different gestational ages (GA): extremely (<28 weeks GA), very (29–31 weeks GA) or moderate (32–34 weeks GA) premature. Milk samples were collected at three lactation stages: colostrum (3–6 days post-partum), transitional milk (7–15 days post-partum) and mature milk (16–26 days post-partum). Multivariate and univariate statistical data analyses were performed on the 1H NMR metabolic profiles of specimens in relation to the degree of prematurity and lactation stage. We observed a high impact of both the mother’s phenotype and lactation time on HM metabolome composition. Furthermore, statistically significant differences, although weak, were observed in terms of GA when comparing extremely and moderately preterm milk. Overall, our study provides new insights into preterm HM metabolome composition that may help to optimize feeding of preterm newborns, and thus improve the postnatal growth and later health outcomes of these fragile patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Peila
- Neonatal Unit, University of Turin, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (S.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Stefano Sottemano
- Neonatal Unit, University of Turin, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (S.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Flaminia Cesare Marincola
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Matteo Stocchero
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.C.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Nicoletta Grazia Pusceddu
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Angelica Dessì
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, Azienda University Polyclinic, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.D.); (V.F.)
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, Azienda University Polyclinic, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.D.); (V.F.)
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Neonatal Unit, University of Turin, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (S.S.); (E.B.)
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A Comparison of Mother’s Milk and the Neonatal Urine Metabolome: A Unique Fingerprinting for Different Nutritional Phenotypes. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020113. [PMID: 35208187 PMCID: PMC8879468 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of metabolomics to provide a snapshot of an individual’s metabolic state makes it a very useful technique in neonatology for investigating the complex relationship between nutrition and the state of health of the newborn. Through an 1H-NMR metabolomics analysis, we aimed to investigate the metabolic profile of newborns by analyzing both urine and milk samples in relation to the birth weight of neonates classified as AGA (adequate for the gestational age, n = 51), IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction, n = 14), and LGA (large for gestational age, n = 15). Samples were collected at 7 ± 2 days after delivery. Of these infants, 42 were exclusively breastfed, while 38 received mixed feeding with a variable amount of commercial infant formula (less than 40%) in addition to breast milk. We observed a urinary spectral pattern for oligosaccharides very close to that of the corresponding mother’s milk in the case of exclusively breastfed infants, thus mirroring the maternal phenotype. The absence of this good match between the infant urine and human milk spectra in the case of mixed-fed infants could be reasonably ascribed to the use of a variable amount of commercial infant formulas (under 40%) added to breast milk. Furthermore, our findings did not evidence any significant differences in the spectral profiles in terms of the neonatal customize centile, i.e., AGA (adequate for gestational age), LGA (large for gestational age), or IGUR (intrauterine growth restriction). It is reasonable to assume that maternal human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) production is not or is only minimally influenced by the fetal growth conditions for unknown reasons. This hypothesis may be supported by our metabolomics-based results, confirming once again the importance of this approach in the neonatal field.
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Durham SD, Robinson RC, Olga L, Ong KK, Chichlowski M, Dunger DB, Barile D. A one-year study of human milk oligosaccharide profiles in the milk of healthy UK mothers and their relationship to maternal FUT2 genotype. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1254-1267. [PMID: 34142145 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are indigestible carbohydrates with prebiotic, pathogen decoy and immunomodulatory activities that are theorized to substantially impact infant health. The objective of this study was to monitor HMO concentrations over 1 year to develop a long-term longitudinal dataset. HMO concentrations in the breast milk of healthy lactating mothers of the Cambridge Baby Growth and Breastfeeding Study (CBGS-BF) were measured at birth, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months postpartum. HMO quantification was conducted by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection using a newly validated "dilute-and-shoot" method. This technique minimizes sample losses and expedites throughput, making it particularly suitable for the analysis of large sample sets. Varying patterns of individual HMO concentrations were observed with changes in lactation timepoint and maternal secretor status, with the most prominent temporal changes occurring during the first 3 months. These data provide valuable information for the development of human milk banks in view of targeted distribution of donor milk based on infant age. Maternal FUT2 genotype was determined based on identification at single-nucleotide polymorphism rs516246 and compared with the genotype expected based on phenotypic markers in the HMO profile. Surprisingly, two mothers genotyped as secretors produced milk that displayed very low levels of 2'-fucosylated moieties. This unexpected discrepancy between genotype and phenotype suggests that differential enzyme expression may cause substantial variation in HMO profiles between genotypically similar mothers, and current genotypic methods of secretor status determination may require validation with HMO markers from milk analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra D Durham
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Randall C Robinson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Laurentya Olga
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Box 116, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Box 116, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Hills Road, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Box 289, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Maciej Chichlowski
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, RB/Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, 2400 W. Lloyd Expy., Evansville, IN 47712, USA
| | - David B Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Box 116, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Hills Road, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
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10
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Chung S, Bode L, Hall DA. Point-of-care human milk testing for maternal secretor status. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:3187-3196. [PMID: 34741182 PMCID: PMC8956550 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We present an electrochemical impedimetric-based biosensor for monitoring the variation in human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) composition. 2′-Fucosyllactose (2’FL) is an HMO associated with infant growth, cognitive development, and protection from infectious diarrhea, one of the major causes of infant death worldwide. Due to genetic variation, the milk of some women (non-secretors) contains no or very little 2′FL with potential implications for infant health and development. However, there is currently no technology to analyze the presence and concentration of HMOs in human milk at the point-of-care (POC). The lack of such technology represents a major impediment to advancing human milk research and improving maternal-infant health. Towards this unmet need, we report an impedimetric assay for HMOs with an α-1,2 linkage, the most abundant of which is 2′FL. The sensor uses a lectin for affinity, specifically Ulex europaeusagglutininI (UEA), with electrochemical readout. In spiked studies, the sensor exhibited a high degree of linearity (R2 = 0.991) over 0.5 to 3.0 μM with a 330-nM detection limit. The sensor performance was clinically validated using banked human milk samples and correctly identified all secretor vs. non-secretor samples. Furthermore, despite the short 35-min assay time and low sample volume (25 μL), the assay was highly correlated with HPLC measurements. This bedside human milk testing assay enables POC, “sample-to-answer” quantitative HMO measurement, and will be a valuable tool to assess milk composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeromi Chung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Drew A Hall
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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11
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Evolution of milk oligosaccharides: Origin and selectivity of the ratio of milk oligosaccharides to lactose among mammals. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1866:130012. [PMID: 34536507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The carbohydrate fraction of mammalian milk is constituted of lactose and oligosaccharides, most of which contain a lactose unit at their reducing ends. Although lactose is the predominant saccharide in the milk of most eutherians, oligosaccharides significantly predominate over lactose in the milk of monotremes and marsupials. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review describes the most likely process by which lactose and milk oligosaccharides were acquired during the evolution of mammals and the mechanisms by which these saccharides are digested and absorbed by the suckling neonates. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS During the evolution of mammals, c-type lysozyme evolved to α-lactalbumin. This permitted the biosynthesis of lactose by modulating the substrate specificity of β4galactosyltransferase 1, thus enabling the concomitant biosynthesis of milk oligosaccharides through the activities of several glycosyltransferases using lactose as an acceptor. In most eutherian mammals the digestion of lactose to glucose and galactose is achieved through the action of intestinal lactase (β-galactosidase), which is located within the small intestinal brush border. This enzyme, however, is absent in neonatal monotremes and macropod marsupials. It has therefore been proposed that in these species the absorption of milk oligosaccharides is achieved by pinocytosis or endocytosis, after which digestion occurs through the actions of several lysosomal acid glycosidases. This process would enable the milk oligosaccharides of monotremes and marsupials to be utilized as a significant energy source for the suckling neonates. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The evolution and significance of milk oligosaccharides is discussed in relation to the evolution of mammals.
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12
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Human Milk Oligosaccharides: A Comprehensive Review towards Metabolomics. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8090804. [PMID: 34572236 PMCID: PMC8465502 DOI: 10.3390/children8090804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most represented component in breast milk. They serve not only as prebiotics but they exert a protective role against some significant neonatal pathologies such as necrotizing enterocolitis. Furthermore, they can program the immune system and consequently reduce allergies and autoimmune diseases’ incidence. HMOs also play a crucial role in brain development and in the gut barrier’s maturation. Moreover, the maternal genetic factors influencing different HMO patterns and their modulation by the interaction and the competition between active enzymes have been widely investigated in the literature, but there are few studies concerning the role of other factors such as maternal health, nutrition, and environmental influence. In this context, metabolomics, one of the newest “omics” sciences that provides a snapshot of the metabolites present in bio-fluids, such as breast milk, could be useful to investigate the HMO content in human milk. The authors performed a review, from 2012 to the beginning of 2021, concerning the application of metabolomics to investigate the HMOs, by using Pubmed, Researchgate and Scopus as source databases. Through this technology, it is possible to know in real-time whether a mother produces a specific oligosaccharide, keeping into consideration that there are other modifiable and unmodifiable factors that influence HMO production from a qualitative and a quantitative point of view. Although further studies are needed to provide clinical substantiation, in the future, thanks to metabolomics, this could be possible by using a dipstick and adding the eventual missing oligosaccharide to the breast milk or formula in order to give the best and the most personalized nutritional regimen for each newborn, adjusting to different necessities.
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13
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Binia A, Lavalle L, Chen C, Austin S, Agosti M, Al-Jashi I, Pereira AB, Costeira MJ, Silva MG, Marchini G, Martínez-Costa C, Stiris T, Stoicescu SM, Vanpée M, Rakza T, Billeaud C, Picaud JC, Domellöf M, Adams R, Castaneda-Gutierrez E, Sprenger N. Human milk oligosaccharides, infant growth, and adiposity over the first 4 months of lactation. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:684-693. [PMID: 33446921 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and infant growth and adiposity is not fully understood and comprehensive studies are missing from the current literature. METHODS We screened and recruited 370 healthy, pregnant women and their infants from seven European countries. Breastmilk samples were collected using standardized procedures at six time points over 4 months, as were infant parameters. Correlations and associations between HMO area under the curve, anthropometric data, and fat mass at 4 months were tested. RESULTS Lacto-N-neotetraose had a negative correlation with the change in length (rs = -0.18, P = 0.02). Sialyllacto-N-tetraose c (LSTc) had a positive correlation with weight for length (rs = 0.19, P = 0.015). Infants at the 25th upper percentile were fed milk higher in 3'-sialyllactose and LSTc (P = 0.017 and P = 0.006, respectively) compared to the lower 25th percentile of the weight-for-length z-score gain over 4 months of lactation. No significant associations between growth and body composition and Lewis or secretor-dependent HMOs like 2'-fucosyllactose were identified. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the HMO composition of breastmilk during the first 4 months appear to have little influence on infant growth and body composition in this cohort of healthy mothers and infants. IMPACT Modest associations exist between individual HMO and infant growth outcomes at least in healthy growing populations. Our study provides a comprehensive investigation of associations between all major HMO and infant growth and adiposity including several time points. Certain groups of HMOs, like the sialylated, may be associated with adiposity during the first months of lactation. HMO may modulate the risk of future metabolic disease. Future population studies need to address the role of specific groups of HMOs in the context of health and disease to understand the long-term impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristea Binia
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Lavalle
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cheng Chen
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sean Austin
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Isam Al-Jashi
- Al Jashi Isam Private Med. Practice, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thameur Rakza
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Lille, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | - Rachel Adams
- Cultivate: Nutrition Content + Strategy, Decatur, GA, USA
| | | | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Gu F, Kate GAT, Arts ICW, Penders J, Thijs C, Lindner C, Nauta A, van Leusen E, van Leeuwen SS, Schols HA. Combining HPAEC-PAD, PGC-LC-MS, and 1D 1H NMR to Investigate Metabolic Fates of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in 1-Month-Old Infants: a Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6495-6509. [PMID: 34060814 PMCID: PMC8278486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A solid-phase extraction procedure was optimized to extract 3-fucosyllactose and other human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) from human milk samples separately, followed by absolute quantitation using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography-pulsed amperometric detection and porous graphitized carbon-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. The approach developed was applied on a pilot sample set of 20 human milk samples and paired infant feces collected at around 1 month postpartum. One-dimensional 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was employed on the same samples to determine the relative levels of fucosylated epitopes and sialylated (Neu5Ac) structural elements. Based on different HMO consumption patterns in the gastrointestinal tract, the infants were assigned to three clusters as follows: complete consumption; specific consumption of non-fucosylated HMOs; and, considerable levels of HMOs still present with consumption showing no specific preference. The consumption of HMOs by infant microbiota also showed structure specificity, with HMO core structures and Neu5Ac(α2-3)-decorated HMOs being most prone to degradation. The degree and position of fucosylation impacted HMO metabolization differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Gu
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Geert A. ten Kate
- Microbial
Physiology, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 72, Groningen 9700 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja C. W. Arts
- Maastricht
University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
- Maastricht
Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Paul-Henri Spaaklaan 1, Maastricht 6229 EN, The Netherlands
| | - John Penders
- Maastricht
University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Carel Thijs
- Maastricht
University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Cordula Lindner
- FrieslandCampina
Innovation Centre, Bronland
20, Wageningen 6708 WH, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Nauta
- FrieslandCampina
Innovation Centre, Bronland
20, Wageningen 6708 WH, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Leusen
- FrieslandCampina
Innovation Centre, Bronland
20, Wageningen 6708 WH, The Netherlands
| | - Sander S. van Leeuwen
- Microbial
Physiology, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 72, Groningen 9700 AB, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands
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15
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Gu F, Wang S, Beijers R, de Weerth C, Schols HA. Structure-Specific and Individual-Dependent Metabolization of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Infants: A Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6186-6199. [PMID: 34032401 PMCID: PMC8193636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To follow human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) biosynthesis and in vivometabolization, mother milk and infant feces from 68 mother-infant dyads at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postpartum were analyzed, with 18 major HMOs quantitated. Fucosylated and neutral core HMO levels in milk were dependent on mothers' Lewis/Secretor status, whereas most sialylated HMO levels were independent. Infant fecal excretion of HMOs gradually declined with age, especially for neutral core structures. Although decreasing in absolute concentrations in milk during lactation, the relative abundance of total fucosylated HMOs increased in both milk and feces. Mono-fucosylated HMOs were more consumed than those decorated with two fucose moieties. More (α2-3)-sialylated HMOs were degraded than (α2-6)-sialylated HMOs. The transition speed of HMO metabolization from nonspecific or structure-specific consumption stage to the complete consumption stage was individual-dependent. Variation was associated with mode and place of delivery, where caesarean section or early exposure to hospital environment delayed the transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Gu
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shuang Wang
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roseriet Beijers
- Department
of Developmental Psychology, Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department
of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition
and Behavior, Radboud University Medical
Center, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina de Weerth
- Department
of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition
and Behavior, Radboud University Medical
Center, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Turck D, Castenmiller J, De Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Kearney J, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pelaez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Cubadda F, Frenzel T, Heinonen M, Marchelli R, Neuhäuser‐Berthold M, Poulsen M, Maradona MP, Schlatter JR, van Loveren H, Colombo P, Knutsen HK. Safety of 3-FL (3-Fucosyllactose) as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06662. [PMID: 34221147 PMCID: PMC8243255 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is mainly composed of the human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO) 3-FL but also contains D-lactose and its monomers, L-fucose and a small fraction of other related saccharides. The NF is produced by fermentation with a genetically modified strain of Escherichia coli K-12. The information provided on the manufacturing process, composition and specifications of the NF does not raise safety concerns. The applicant intends to add the NF in a variety of foods, including infant and follow-on formula, foods for infants and toddlers, foods for special medical purposes and food supplements. The target population is the general population, except for food supplements for which the target population is individuals above 1 year of age. The anticipated daily intake of 3-FL from the NF at the maximum proposed use levels is unlikely to exceed the intake level of breastfed infants on a body weight basis. The intake of 3-FL in breastfed infants on a body weight basis is expected to be safe also for other population groups. In infants below 1 year of age, a possible exceedance of a natural intake was observed, but the degree of this exceedance is not considered of safety concern in view of the wide range of 3-FL concentrations in human milk. Food supplements are not intended to be used if other foods with the added NF (as well as human milk for young children) are consumed on the same day. The Panel concludes that the NF is safe under the proposed conditions of use.
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17
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Liu F, Yan J, Wang X, Wang C, Chen L, Li Y, Chen J, Guo H. Maternal Fucosyltransferase 2 Status Associates with the Profiles of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and the Fecal Microbiota Composition of Breastfed Infants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3032-3043. [PMID: 33677972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) play key roles in shaping infant fecal microbiota, and HMOs profiles have been reported to vary according to the mother's glycosyltransferase phenotype. In this study, the profiles of HMOs in human milk from secretor or non-secretor mothers collected at 2 months postpartum were analyzed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to characterize the fecal microbiota of breastfed infants. The amount of total and fucosylated HMOs were higher in secretor than non-secretor mothers, while Bifidobacterium genus were highly enriched in infants fed by non-secretor mothers. Associations between HMOs and infant fecal microbiota showed that the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium-OTU158 was positively associated with 2'-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose, and Bifidobacterium-OTU90 was negatively associated with lacto-N-difucohexaose. The present study provides the HMO profiles from Chinese mothers and their associations with infant fecal microbiota composition, suggesting that HMO compositions are associated with different Bifidobacterium strains in species-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xifan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chenyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yiran Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huiyuan Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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18
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Lefebvre G, Shevlyakova M, Charpagne A, Marquis J, Vogel M, Kirsten T, Kiess W, Austin S, Sprenger N, Binia A. Time of Lactation and Maternal Fucosyltransferase Genetic Polymorphisms Determine the Variability in Human Milk Oligosaccharides. Front Nutr 2020; 7:574459. [PMID: 33195368 PMCID: PMC7658960 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.574459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) vary among mothers and genetic factors contribute to this variability. We assessed changes in HMO concentrations during the first year of lactation and the relationship with FUT2 Secretor group and FUT3 Lewis group defining genetic polymorphisms. Methods: Milk samples were collected from lactating mothers participating in the LIFE Child cohort in Leipzig, Germany. The concentrations of 24 HMOs in milk samples collected at 3 months (N = 156), 6 months (N = 122), and 12 months (N = 28) were measured using liquid chromatography. Concentrations of HMOs were compared at all time-points and were tested for their associations with FUT2 and FUT3 genetic variations by sPLS regression. Results: FUT2 SNP rs601338 was found to predominantly define the Secretor status Se-: 11.8% and it was highly correlated with 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL, p < 0.001) and lacto-N-fucosylpentaose-I (LNFP-I, p < 0.001). FUT3 SNPs rs28362459 and rs812936 were found to define Lewis status (Le-: 5.9%) and correlated with lacto-N-fucosylpentaose-II (LNFP-II, p < 0.001). A polygenic score predicted the abundance of 2'FL levels within Secretors' milk (adj. R 2 = 0.58, p < 0.001). Mean concentrations of most of the individual HMOs, as well as the sums of the measured HMOs, the fucosylated HMOs, and the neutral HMOs were lower at 6 and 12 months compared to 3 months (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Secretor and Lewis status defined by specific FUT2 and FUT3 SNPs are confirmed to be good proxies for specific individual HMOs and milk group variabilities. The polygenic score developed here is an opportunity for clinicians to predict 2'FL levels in milk of future mothers. These results show opportunities to strengthen our understanding of factors controlling FUT2 and FUT3 functionality, the temporal changes and variability of HMO composition during lactation and eventually their significance for infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Lefebvre
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maya Shevlyakova
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aline Charpagne
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Marquis
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mandy Vogel
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center of Paediatrc Research, LIFE Forschungszentrum für Zivilisationserkrankungen, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Toralf Kirsten
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center of Paediatrc Research, LIFE Forschungszentrum für Zivilisationserkrankungen, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents and Center of Paediatrc Research, LIFE Forschungszentrum für Zivilisationserkrankungen, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Sean Austin
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aristea Binia
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
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19
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van Leeuwen SS. Challenges and Pitfalls in Human Milk Oligosaccharide Analysis. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2684. [PMID: 31698698 PMCID: PMC6893418 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides have been recognized as an important, functional biomolecule in mothers' milk. Moreover, these oligosaccharides have been recognized as the third most abundant component of human milk, ranging from 10-15 g/L in mature milk and up to and over 20 g/L reported in colostrum. Initially, health benefits of human milk oligosaccharides were assigned via observational studies on the differences between breastfed and bottle fed infants. Later, pools of milk oligosaccharides were isolated and used in functional studies and in recent years more specific studies into structure-function relationships have identified some advanced roles for milk oligosaccharides in the healthy development of infants. In other research, the levels, diversity, and complexity of human milk oligosaccharides have been studied, showing a wide variation in results. This review gives a critical overview of challenges in the analysis of human milk oligosaccharides. In view of the myriad functions that can be assigned, often to specific structures or classes of structures, it is very relevant to assess the levels of these structures in the human milk correctly, as well as in other biological sample materials. Ultimately, the review makes a case for a comparative, inter-laboratory study on quantitative human milk oligosaccharide analysis in all relevant biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander S van Leeuwen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cluster Human Nutrition & Health, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Li H, Marceau M, Yang T, Liao T, Tang X, Hu R, Xie Y, Tang H, Tay A, Shi Y, Shen Y, Yang T, Pi X, Lamichhane B, Luo Y, Debowski AW, Nilsson HO, Haslam SM, Mulloy B, Dell A, Stubbs KA, Marshall BJ, Benghezal M. East-Asian Helicobacter pylori strains synthesize heptan-deficient lipopolysaccharide. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008497. [PMID: 31747390 PMCID: PMC6892558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipopolysaccharide O-antigen structure expressed by the European Helicobacter pylori model strain G27 encompasses a trisaccharide, an intervening glucan-heptan and distal Lewis antigens that promote immune escape. However, several gaps still remain in the corresponding biosynthetic pathway. Here, systematic mutagenesis of glycosyltransferase genes in G27 combined with lipopolysaccharide structural analysis, uncovered HP0102 as the trisaccharide fucosyltransferase, HP1283 as the heptan transferase, and HP1578 as the GlcNAc transferase that initiates the synthesis of Lewis antigens onto the heptan motif. Comparative genomic analysis of G27 lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes in strains of different ethnic origin revealed that East-Asian strains lack the HP1283/HP1578 genes but contain an additional copy of HP1105 and JHP0562. Further correlation of different lipopolysaccharide structures with corresponding gene contents led us to propose that the second copy of HP1105 and the JHP0562 may function as the GlcNAc and Gal transferase, respectively, to initiate synthesis of the Lewis antigen onto the Glc-Trio-Core in East-Asian strains lacking the HP1283/HP1578 genes. In view of the high gastric cancer rate in East Asia, the absence of the HP1283/HP1578 genes in East-Asian H. pylori strains warrants future studies addressing the role of the lipopolysaccharide heptan in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Michael Marceau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019—UMR 8204—CIIL—Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Tiandi Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tingting Liao
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Xiaoqiong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renwei Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Tang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Alfred Tay
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Ying Shi
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yalin Shen
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiankuo Yang
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuenan Pi
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binit Lamichhane
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Yong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Spatial Information Technology, Ministry of Land and Resources of the P.R.China, Chengdu University of Technology
| | - Aleksandra W. Debowski
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Hans-Olof Nilsson
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Stuart M. Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keith A. Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Barry J. Marshall
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Ondek Pty Ltd, Rushcutters Bay, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohammed Benghezal
- West China Marshall Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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21
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Samuel TM, Binia A, de Castro CA, Thakkar SK, Billeaud C, Agosti M, Al-Jashi I, Costeira MJ, Marchini G, Martínez-Costa C, Picaud JC, Stiris T, Stoicescu SM, Vanpeé M, Domellöf M, Austin S, Sprenger N. Impact of maternal characteristics on human milk oligosaccharide composition over the first 4 months of lactation in a cohort of healthy European mothers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11767. [PMID: 31409852 PMCID: PMC6692355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) composition varies among lactating mothers and changes during the course of lactation period. Interindividual variation is largely driven by fucosyltransferase (FUT2 and FUT3) polymorphisms resulting in 4 distinct milk groups. Little is known regarding whether maternal physiological status contributes to HMO variability. We characterized the trajectories of 20 major HMOs and explored whether maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (ppBMI), mode of delivery, or parity may affect milk HMO composition. Using longitudinal breastmilk samples from healthy mothers (n = 290) across 7 European countries, we characterized HMO composion and employed mixed linear models to explore associations of maternal characteristics with individual HMOs. We observed HMO-specific temporal trajectories and milk group dependencies. We observed relatively small but significant differences in HMO concentrations based on maternal ppBMI, mode of delivery and parity. Our findings suggest that HMO composition to be regulated time-dependently by an enzyme as well as substrate availability and that ppBMI, mode of delivery, and parity may influence maternal physiology to affect glycosylation marginally within the initital period of lactation. Our observational study is the largest European standardized and longitudinal (up to 4 months) milk collection study assessing HMO concentrations and basic maternal characteristics. Time of lactation and milk groups had the biggest impact on HMO variation. Future studies need to elucidate these observations and assess the physiological significance for the breastfed infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinu Mary Samuel
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aristea Binia
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sagar K Thakkar
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Isam Al-Jashi
- Al Jashi Isam Private Med. Practice, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sean Austin
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Sprenger
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland.
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22
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Jakobsen LMA, Sundekilde UK, Andersen HJ, Nielsen DS, Bertram HC. Lactose and Bovine Milk Oligosaccharides Synergistically Stimulate B. longum subsp. longum Growth in a Simplified Model of the Infant Gut Microbiome. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3086-3098. [PMID: 31264424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing awareness of the importance of a healthy Bifidobacterium-rich microbiome has led to a need for more knowledge on how different prebiotic carbohydrates specifically impact the infant microbiome, especially as a community instead of single bacterial targets. In this study, we combined proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) metabolomics and molecular biology methods for quantification of bacteria to compare the prebiotic effect of bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO) and synthetic galacto oligosaccharides (GOS) using mono- and cocultures of eight major bacteria related to a healthy infant microbiome. The results revealed that BMO treatments supported growth of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum and Parabacteroides distasonis, while at the same time growth of Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli was inhibited. In addition, there was a synergistic effect of combining lactose and BMO in regards to reducing C. perfringens, maintaining stable numbers of P. distasonis and simultaneously increasing numbers of the beneficial B. longum subsp. longum. These results indicate that the oligosaccharide composition plays a vital role in shaping the developing microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M A Jakobsen
- Department of Food Science , Aarhus University , Kirstinebjergvej 10 , Årslev 5792 , Denmark
| | - Ulrik K Sundekilde
- Department of Food Science , Aarhus University , Kirstinebjergvej 10 , Årslev 5792 , Denmark
| | - Henrik J Andersen
- Arla Food Ingredients Group P/S , Sønderhøj 10 , Viby J 8260 , Denmark
| | - Dennis S Nielsen
- Department of Food Science , University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 30 , Frederiksberg C 1958 , Denmark
| | - Hanne C Bertram
- Department of Food Science , Aarhus University , Kirstinebjergvej 10 , Årslev 5792 , Denmark
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23
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Yan J, Ding J, Jin G, Duan Z, Yang F, Li D, Zhou H, Li M, Guo Z, Chai W, Liang X. Profiling of Human Milk Oligosaccharides for Lewis Epitopes and Secretor Status by Electrostatic Repulsion Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Coupled with Negative-Ion Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8199-8206. [PMID: 31070893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are one of the most abundant ingredients in breast milk, and they play a beneficial role for newborns and are important for infant health. The peripheral fucosylated sequences of HMOs, such as the histo-blood group ABH(O) and Lewis a, b, x, and y antigens, are determined by the expression of the secretor (Se) and Lewis (Le) genes in the mammary gland, and are often the recognition motifs and serve as decoy receptors for microbes. In this work, we developed a method for determination of secretor status and Lewis blood phenotype and assignment of Lewis blood-group epitopes. The method was based on electrostatic repulsion/hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (ERLIC-MS/MS). A specifically designed stationary phase, aspartic acid-bonded silica (ABS), was used to separate the acidic and neutral HMOs by electrostatic repulsion followed by HILIC. Negative-ion electrospray MS/MS was then used for analysis of secretor status and Lewis blood phenotypes and assignment of important epitopes of HMOs from the lactating mothers by selecting a specific set of unique fragment ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Yan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Junjie Ding
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian 116023 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Gaowa Jin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Zhaojun Duan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Fan Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Dandi Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Han Zhou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Basic Medical Science , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Wengang Chai
- Glycosciences Laboratory , Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London , Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road , London W12 0NN , United Kingdom
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry , Dalian 116023 , China
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Borewicz K, Gu F, Saccenti E, Arts IC, Penders J, Thijs C, van Leeuwen SS, Lindner C, Nauta A, van Leusen E, Schols HA, Smidt H. Correlating Infant Fecal Microbiota Composition and Human Milk Oligosaccharide Consumption by Microbiota of 1-Month-Old Breastfed Infants. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801214. [PMID: 31017343 PMCID: PMC6618098 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Understanding the biological functions of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in shaping gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota during infancy is of great interest. A link between HMOs in maternal milk and infant fecal microbiota composition is examined and the role of microbiota in degrading HMOs within the GI tract of healthy, breastfed, 1-month-old infants is investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Maternal breast milk and infant feces are from the KOALA Birth Cohort. HMOs are quantified in milk and infant fecal samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fecal microbiota composition is characterized using Illumina HiSeq 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The composition is associated with gender, delivery mode, and milk HMOs: Lacto-N-fucopentaose I and 2'-fucosyllactose. Overall, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, and Parabacteroides are predominating genera. Three different patterns in infant fecal microbiota structure are detected. GI degradation of HMOs is strongly associated with fecal microbiota composition, and there is a link between utilization of specific HMOs and relative abundance of various phylotypes (operational taxonomic units). CONCLUSIONS HMOs in maternal milk are among the important factors shaping GI tract microbiota in 1-month-old breastfed infants. An infant's ability to metabolize different HMOs strongly correlates with fecal microbiota composition and specifically with phylotypes within genera Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and Lactobacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudyna Borewicz
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyWageningen University & ResearchStippeneng 46708 WEWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Fangjie Gu
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchBornse Weilanden 96708 WGWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Edoardo Saccenti
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic BiologyWageningen University & ResearchStippeneng 46708 WEWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ilja C.W. Arts
- Department of EpidemiologyCAPHRI Care and Public Health Research InstituteMaastricht UniversityMinderbroedersberg 4–66211 LKMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of EpidemiologyCARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 506229 ERMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Maastricht Center for Systems Biology (MaCSBio)Universiteitssingel 606229 ERMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - John Penders
- Department of EpidemiologyCAPHRI Care and Public Health Research InstituteMaastricht UniversityMinderbroedersberg 4–66211 LKMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyMaastricht University Medical CentreP. Debyelaan 256229 HXMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and MetabolismUniversiteitssingel 406229 ERMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Carel Thijs
- Department of EpidemiologyCAPHRI Care and Public Health Research InstituteMaastricht UniversityMinderbroedersberg 4–66211 LKMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Sander S. van Leeuwen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB)University of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Cordula Lindner
- FrieslandCampina Innovation CentreBronland 206708 WHWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Arjen Nauta
- FrieslandCampina Innovation CentreBronland 206708 WHWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Leusen
- FrieslandCampina Innovation CentreBronland 206708 WHWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchBornse Weilanden 96708 WGWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyWageningen University & ResearchStippeneng 46708 WEWageningenThe Netherlands
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25
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Dessì A, Briana D, Corbu S, Gavrili S, Cesare Marincola F, Georgantzi S, Pintus R, Fanos V, Malamitsi-Puchner A. Metabolomics of Breast Milk: The Importance of Phenotypes. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8040079. [PMID: 30463323 PMCID: PMC6315662 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk is the gold standard of nutrition for newborns. Its composition is tailored to the nutritional needs of the infant and varies between mothers. In recent years, several bioactive molecules have been discovered in addition to the main nutrients, such as multipotent stem cells, hormones, immunoglobulins, and bacteria. Furthermore, the human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) seem to exert several important protective biological functions. According to the HMOs’ composition, breast milk can be classified as a secretory or non-secretory phenotype. In our study, we investigated the metabolome of milk collected from 58 mothers that delivered neonates at term, that were appropriate, small or large for gestational age, by performing nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). From the data analysis, two groups were distinguished based on their different types of oligosaccharides, and classified according the mother phenotype: secretory and non-secretory. This information is of major importance given the different biological function of the different HMOs, such as immune-modulation and protection against disease. This would allow us to predict whether the neonate would be, for instance, more prone to developing certain diseases, and to tailor her or his nutrition to fit their needs perfectly and pave the way to a personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Dessì
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, Azienda University Polyclinic, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Despina Briana
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece.
| | - Sara Corbu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, Azienda University Polyclinic, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Stavroula Gavrili
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, General District, Hospital Alexandra, 11528 Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Sofia Georgantzi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, General District, Hospital Alexandra, 11528 Athens, Greece.
| | - Roberta Pintus
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, Azienda University Polyclinic, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, Azienda University Polyclinic, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
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26
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Mank M, Welsch P, Heck AJR, Stahl B. Label-free targeted LC-ESI-MS 2 analysis of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS) and related human milk groups with enhanced structural selectivity. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:231-250. [PMID: 30443773 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human milk (HM) supports the healthy development of neonates and exerts many of its beneficial effects via contained free human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS). These HMOS exhibit a complexity and structural diversity that pose a significant analytical challenge. A detailed characterization of HMOS is essential as every individual structure may have a different function/activity. Certain HMOS isomers may even fundamentally differ in their biological function, and especially their characterization by LC or LC-MS is often impaired by co-elution phenomena. Thus, more efficient analytical methodologies with enhanced structural selectivity are required. Therefore, we developed a negative ion mode LC-ESI-MS2 approach featuring straightforward sample preparation, environmentally friendly EtOH gradient elution, and enhanced, semiquantitative characterization of distinct native HMOS by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Our MRM-LC-MS setup takes advantage of highly selective, glycan configuration-dependent collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragments to identify individual neutral and acidic HMOS. Notably, many human milk oligosaccharide isomers could be distinguished in a retention time-independent manner. This contrasts with other contemporary MRM approaches relying on rather unspecific MRM transitions. Our method was used to determine the most abundant human milk tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexaoses semiquantitatively in a single LC-MS assay. Detected HMO structures included fucosyllactoses (e.g., 2'-FL), lacto-N-difucotetraose (LDFT), lacto-N-tetraoses (LNTs), lacto-N-fucopentaoses (e.g., LNFP I, LNFP II and III), lacto-N-difucohexaoses (LNDFHs) as well as sialyllactoses (SLs) and tentatively assigned blood group A and B tetrasaccharides from which correct human milk type assignment could be also demonstrated. Correctness of milk typing was validated for milk groups I-IV by high pressure anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) coupled to pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Mank
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Philipp Welsch
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Division, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bernd Stahl
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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27
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Regional variations in human milk oligosaccharides in Vietnam suggest FucTx activity besides FucT2 and FucT3. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16790. [PMID: 30429485 PMCID: PMC6235895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding is the normal way of providing young infants with the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development (WHO). Human milk oligosaccharides (hMOS) constitute a highly important class of nutrients that are attracting strong attention in recent years. Several studies have indicated that hMOS have prebiotic properties, but also are effective in anti-adhesion of pathogens, modulating the immune system and providing nutrients for brain growth and development. Most of the latter functions seem to be linked to the presence of fucose-containing immunodeterminant epitopes, and Neu5Ac-bearing oligosaccharides. Analysis of hMOS isolated from 101 mothers’ milk showed regional variation in Lewis- and Secretor based immunodeterminants. Lewis-negative milk groups could be sub-divided into two sub-groups, based on the activity of a third and hitherto unidentified fucosyltransferase enzyme. Analysis of hMOS remaining in faeces showed three sub-groups based on hMOS surviving passage through the gut, full consumption, specific partial consumption and non-specific partial consumption, fitting previous findings.
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28
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Urakami H, Saeki M, Watanabe Y, Kawamura R, Nishizawa S, Suzuki Y, Watanabe A, Ajisaka K. Isolation and assessment of acidic and neutral oligosaccharides from goat milk and bovine colostrum for use as ingredients of infant formulae. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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29
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Thurl S, Munzert M, Boehm G, Matthews C, Stahl B. Systematic review of the concentrations of oligosaccharides in human milk. Nutr Rev 2018; 75:920-933. [PMID: 29053807 PMCID: PMC5914348 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Oligosaccharides are the third largest solid component in human milk. These diverse compounds are thought to have numerous beneficial functions in infants, including protection against infectious diseases. The structures of more than 100 oligosaccharides in human milk have been elucidated so far. Objective The aim of this review was to identify the main factors that affect the concentrations of oligosaccharides in human milk and to determine whether it is possible to calculate representative and reliable mean concentrations. Data Sources A comprehensive literature search on oligosaccharide concentrations in human milk was performed in 6 electronic databases: BIOSIS, Current Contents Search, Embase, Lancet Titles, MEDLINE and PubMed. Study Selection The initial search resulted in 1363 hits. After the elimination of duplicates, the literature was screened. The application of strict inclusion criteria resulted in 21 articles selected. Data Extraction Oligosaccharide concentrations, both mean values and single values, reported in the literature were sorted by gestational age, secretor status of mothers, and defined lactation periods. Results Mean concentrations, including confidence limits, of 33 neutral and acidic oligosaccharides reported could be calculated. Concentrations of oligosaccharides in human milk show variations that are dependent on both the secretor type of the mother and the lactation period as examined by analyses of variance. In addition, large interlaboratory variations in the data were observed. Conclusions Worldwide interlaboratory quantitative analyses of identical milk samples would be required to identify the most reliable methods of determining concentrations of oligosaccharides in human milk. The data presented here contribute to the current knowledge about the composition and quantities of oligosaccharides in human milk and may foster greater understanding of the biological functions of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Thurl
- Department of Food Technology, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | - Manfred Munzert
- Bavarian State Research Centre for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
| | | | | | - Bernd Stahl
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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30
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Ackerman DL, Doster RS, Weitkamp JH, Aronoff DM, Gaddy JA, Townsend SD. Human Milk Oligosaccharides Exhibit Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Properties against Group B Streptococcus. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:595-605. [PMID: 28570820 PMCID: PMC5868341 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that causes invasive infections in both children and adults. During pregnancy, GBS is a significant cause of infection of the fetal membranes (chorioamnionitis), which can lead to intra-amniotic infection, preterm birth, stillbirth, and neonatal sepsis. Recently, breastfeeding has been thought to represent a potential mode of GBS transmission from mother to newborn, which might increase the risk for late-onset sepsis. Little is known, however, about the molecular components of breast milk that may support or prevent GBS colonization. In this study, we examine how human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) affect the pathogenesis of GBS. HMOs from discrete donor samples were isolated and profiled by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS). Growth and biofilm assays show that HMOs from mothers of specific milk groups can modulate the growth and biofilm formation of GBS. High-resolution field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the quantitative biofilm assays and demonstrated cell arrangement perturbations in bacterial cultures treated with specific oligosaccharides. These findings demonstrate that HMOs affect the growth and cell biology of GBS. Finally, this study provides the first example of HMOs functioning as antibiofilm agents against GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy L. Ackerman
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Ryan S. Doster
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South D-3100 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jörn-Hendrik Weitkamp
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South D-3100 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt, 2200 Children’s Way, Suite 2404, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - David M. Aronoff
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South D-3100 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jennifer A. Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South D-3100 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Department of Veterans Affairs, 1310 24th Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Steven D. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, 896 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6304
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Sittel I, Galan MC. Imidazolium-labeled glycosides as probes to harness glycosyltransferase activity in human breast milk. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:3575-3579. [PMID: 28401975 PMCID: PMC5708356 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00550d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Imidazolium-labeled (ITag-) glycosides are used to harness the glycosyltransferase activity directly from human breast milk. The covalently attached ionic labels provide a bifunctional chemical handle that is used to monitor reaction progress by MS, as well as aid in product purification from complex mixtures. The technology is exemplified in the synthesis of biologically relevant oligosaccharide analogs, LacNAc-ITag, ITag-Lewisx and ITag-Lewisa, in a matter of days from human breast milk without having to isolate specific enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sittel
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - M C Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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Dong X, Zhou S, Mechref Y. LC-MS/MS analysis of permethylated free oligosaccharides and N-glycans derived from human, bovine, and goat milk samples. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1532-48. [PMID: 26959529 PMCID: PMC4963982 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides in milk not only provide nutrition to the infants but also have significant immune biofunctions such as inhibition of pathogen binding to the host cell. The main component in milk oligosaccharides is free oligosaccharides. Since the proteins in milk are highly glycosylated, N-glycans in milk also play an import role. In this study, we investigated the permethylated free oligosaccharides and N-glycans extracted from bovine, goat, and human milks using LC-MS/MS. Quantitation profiles of free oligosaccharides and N-glycans were reported. The number of free oligosaccharides observed in bovine, goat, and human milk samples (without isomeric consideration) were 11, 8, and 11, respectively. Human milk had more complex free oligosaccharides structures than the other two milk samples. Totally 58, 21, and 43 N-glycan structures (without isomeric consideration) were associated with whey proteins extracted from bovine, goat, and human milk samples, respectively. Bovine milk free oligosaccharides and N-glycans from whey proteins were highly sialylated and to a lesser extend fucosylated. Goat and human milk free oligosaccharides and N-glycans from whey proteins were both highly fucosylated. Also, the isomeric glycans in milk samples were determined by porous graphitic carbon LC at elevated temperatures. For example, separation of human milk free oligosaccharide Gal-GlcNAc-(Fuc)-Gal-Glc and Gal-GlcNAc-Gal-Glc-Fuc isomers was achieved using porous graphitic carbon column. Permethylation of the glycan structures facilitated the interpretation of MS/MS. For example, internal cleavage and glycosidic bond cleavage are readily distinguished in the tandem mass spectra of permethylated glycans. This feature resulted in the identification of several isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shiyue Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Mantovani V, Galeotti F, Maccari F, Volpi N. Recent advances on separation and characterization of human milk oligosaccharides. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1514-24. [PMID: 26801168 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Free human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are unique due to their highly complex nature and important emerging biological and protective functions during early life such as prebiotic activity, pathogen deflection, and epithelial and immune cell modulation. Moreover, four genetically determined heterogeneous HMO secretory groups are known to be based on their structure and composition. Over the years, several analytical techniques have been applied to characterize and quantitate HMOs, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high pH anion-exchange chromatography, off-line and on-line mass spectrometry (MS), and capillary electrophoresis (CE). Even if these techniques have proven to be efficient and simple, most glycans have no significant UV absorption and derivatization with fluorophore groups prior to separation usually results in higher sensitivity and an improved chromatographic/electrophoretic profile. Consequently, the analysis by HPLC/CE of derivatized milk oligosaccharides with different chromophoric active tags has been developed. However, UV or fluorescence detection does not provide specific structural information and this is a key point in particular related to the highly complex nature of the milk glycan mixtures. As a consequence, for a specific determination of complex mixtures of oligomers, analytical separation is usually required with evaluation by means of MS, which has been successfully applied to HMOs, resulting in efficient compositional analysis and profiling in various milk samples. This review aims to give an overview of the current state-of-the-art techniques used in HMO analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mantovani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Galeotti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Maccari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Nicola Volpi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Determination and quantification of 2’-O-fucosyllactose and 3-O-fucosyllactose in human milk by GC–MS as O-trimethylsilyl-oxime derivatives. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 115:450-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Yan S, Brecker L, Jin C, Titz A, Dragosits M, Karlsson NG, Jantsch V, Wilson IBH, Paschinger K. Bisecting Galactose as a Feature of N-Glycans of Wild-type and Mutant Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2111-25. [PMID: 26002521 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.049817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-glycosylation of the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has proven to be highly variable and rather complex; it is an example to contradict the existing impression that "simple" organisms possess also a rather simple glycomic capacity. In previous studies in a number of laboratories, N-glycans with up to four fucose residues have been detected. However, although the linkage of three fucose residues to the N,N'-diacetylchitobiosyl core has been proven by structural and enzymatic analyses, the nature of the fourth fucose has remained uncertain. By constructing a triple mutant with deletions in the three genes responsible for core fucosylation (fut-1, fut-6 and fut-8), we have produced a nematode strain lacking products of these enzymes, but still retaining maximally one fucose residue on its N-glycans. Using mass spectrometry and HPLC in conjunction with chemical and enzymatic treatments as well as NMR, we examined a set of α-mannosidase-resistant N-glycans. Within this glycomic subpool, we can reveal that the core β-mannose can be trisubstituted and so carries not only the ubiquitous α1,3- and α1,6-mannose residues, but also a "bisecting" β-galactose, which is substoichiometrically modified with fucose or methylfucose. In addition, the α1,3-mannose can also be α-galactosylated. Our data, showing the presence of novel N-glycan modifications, will enable more targeted studies to understand the biological functions and interactions of nematode glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yan
- From the ‡Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Lothar Brecker
- §Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Chunsheng Jin
- ¶Institutionen för Biomedicin, Göteborgs universitet, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Alexander Titz
- From the ‡Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Martin Dragosits
- From the ‡Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- ¶Institutionen för Biomedicin, Göteborgs universitet, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Verena Jantsch
- ‖Department für Chromosomenbiologie, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Universität Wien, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Iain B H Wilson
- From the ‡Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, 1190 Wien, Austria;
| | - Katharina Paschinger
- From the ‡Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, 1190 Wien, Austria
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Urashima T, Inamori H, Fukuda K, Saito T, Messer M, Oftedal OT. 4-O-Acetyl-sialic acid (Neu4,5Ac2) in acidic milk oligosaccharides of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) and its evolutionary significance. Glycobiology 2015; 25:683-97. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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