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Ding M, Sun W, Tian G, Zou X, Hu J, Qin C, Yin J. Chemical Synthesis of an Orthogonally Protected 5,7-Diamino-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-d-glycero-l-gluco-2-nonulosonic Acid from N-Acetylneuraminic Acid. Org Lett 2024; 26:5215-5219. [PMID: 38861677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial nonulosonic acids (NulOs), which feature a nine-carbon backbone, are associated with the biological functions of bacterial glycans. Here, an orthogonally protected 5-amino-7-azido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-d-glycero-l-gluco-2-nonulosonic acid related to Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 23726 NulO was synthesized from N-acetylneuraminic acid with sequential performance of C5,7 azidation, C9 deoxygenation, C4 epimerization, and N5,7 differentiation. The C5 azido group in the obtained 5,7-diazido-NulO can be regioselectively reduced to differentiate the two amino groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiru Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenbin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guangzong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chunjun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Kasimova AA, Sharar NS, Ambrose SJ, Knirel YA, Shneider MM, Timoshina OY, Popova AV, Perepelov AV, Dmitrenok AS, Hsu LY, Hall RM, Kenyon JJ. The Acinetobacter baumannii K70 and K9 capsular polysaccharides consist of related K-units linked by the same Wzy polymerase and cleaved by the same phage depolymerases. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0302523. [PMID: 37975684 PMCID: PMC10715181 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03025-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Bacteriophage show promise for the treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infections that resist all therapeutically suitable antibiotics. Many tail-spike depolymerases encoded by phage that are able to degrade A. baumannii capsular polysaccharide (CPS) exhibit specificity for the linkage present between K-units that make up CPS polymers. This linkage is formed by a specific Wzy polymerase, and the ability to predict this linkage using sequence-based methods that identify the Wzy at the K locus could assist with the selection of phage for therapy. However, little is known about the specificity of Wzy polymerase enzymes. Here, we describe a Wzy polymerase that can accommodate two different but similar sugars as one of the residues it links and phage depolymerases that can cleave both types of bond that Wzy forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya A. Kasimova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nowshin S. Sharar
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephanie J. Ambrose
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuriy A. Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail M. Shneider
- M. M. Shemyakin and Y. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Y. Timoshina
- M. M. Shemyakin and Y. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya V. Popova
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Perepelov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey S. Dmitrenok
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Li Yang Hsu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Ruth M. Hall
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Johanna J. Kenyon
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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3
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Liu Y, Luo S, Yang Z, Wang M, Jia R, Chen S, Liu M, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Ou X, Mao S, Gao Q, Sun D, Tian B, Cheng A, Zhu D. Capsular polysaccharide determines the serotyping of Riemerella anatipestifer. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0180423. [PMID: 37823636 PMCID: PMC10714938 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01804-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer) is one of the most important veterinary pathogens with at least 21 serotypes. However, the exact polysaccharide(s) that determine R. anatipestifer serotype is still unknown. This study has provided a preliminary exploration of the relationship between capsular polysaccharides and serotyping in R. anatipestifer and suggests possible directions for further investigation of the genetic basis of serotypes in this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Liu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuxin Luo
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhishuang Yang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Di Sun
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Abstract
Glycans, carbohydrate molecules in the realm of biology, are present as biomedically important glycoconjugates and a characteristic aspect is that their structures in many instances are branched. In determining the primary structure of a glycan, the sugar components including the absolute configuration and ring form, anomeric configuration, linkage(s), sequence, and substituents should be elucidated. Solution state NMR spectroscopy offers a unique opportunity to resolve all these aspects at atomic resolution. During the last two decades, advancement of both NMR experiments and spectrometer hardware have made it possible to unravel carbohydrate structure more efficiently. These developments applicable to glycans include, inter alia, NMR experiments that reduce spectral overlap, use selective excitations, record tilted projections of multidimensional spectra, acquire spectra by multiple receivers, utilize polarization by fast-pulsing techniques, concatenate pulse-sequence modules to acquire several spectra in a single measurement, acquire pure shift correlated spectra devoid of scalar couplings, employ stable isotope labeling to efficiently obtain homo- and/or heteronuclear correlations, as well as those that rely on dipolar cross-correlated interactions for sequential information. Refined computer programs for NMR spin simulation and chemical shift prediction aid the structural elucidation of glycans, which are notorious for their limited spectral dispersion. Hardware developments include cryogenically cold probes and dynamic nuclear polarization techniques, both resulting in enhanced sensitivity as well as ultrahigh field NMR spectrometers with a 1H NMR resonance frequency higher than 1 GHz, thus improving resolution of resonances. Taken together, the developments have made and will in the future make it possible to elucidate carbohydrate structure in great detail, thereby forming the basis for understanding of how glycans interact with other molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Fontana
- Departamento
de Química del Litoral, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Paysandú 60000, Uruguay
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,
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Cahill SM, Hall RM, Kenyon JJ. An update to the database for Acinetobacter baumannii capsular polysaccharide locus typing extends the extensive and diverse repertoire of genes found at and outside the K locus. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 36214673 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several novel non-antibiotic therapeutics for the critical priority bacterial pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii, rely on specificity to the cell-surface capsular polysaccharide (CPS). Hence, prediction of CPS type deduced from genes in whole genome sequence data underpins the development and application of these therapies. In this study, we provide a comprehensive update to the A. baumannii K locus reference sequence database for CPS typing (available in Kaptive v. 2.0.1) to include 145 new KL, providing a total of 237 KL reference sequences. The database was also reconfigured for compatibility with the updated Kaptive v. 2.0.0 code that enables prediction of 'K type' from special logic parameters defined by detected combinations of KL and additional genes outside the K locus. Validation of the database against 8994 publicly available A. baumannii genome assemblies from NCBI databases identified the specific KL in 73.45 % of genomes with perfect, very high or high confidence. Poor sequence quality or the presence of insertion sequences were the main reasons for lower confidence levels. Overall, 17 KL were overrepresented in available genomes, with KL2 the most common followed by the related KL3 and KL22. Substantial variation in gene content of the central portion of the K locus, that usually includes genes specific to the CPS type, included 34 distinct groups of genes for synthesis of various complex sugars and >400 genes for forming linkages between sugars or adding non-sugar substituents. A repertoire of 681 gene types were found across the 237 KL, with 88.4 % found in <5 % of KL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Cahill
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ruth M Hall
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Johanna J Kenyon
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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6
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Filik K, Szermer-Olearnik B, Oleksy S, Brykała J, Brzozowska E. Bacteriophage Tail Proteins as a Tool for Bacterial Pathogen Recognition-A Literature Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:555. [PMID: 35625199 PMCID: PMC9137617 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a number of bacterial detection methods have been developed to replace time-consuming culture methods. One interesting approach is to mobilize the ability of phage tail proteins to recognize and bind to bacterial hosts. In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the current methodologies in which phage proteins play major roles in detecting pathogenic bacteria. Authors focus on proteins capable of recognizing highly pathogenic strains, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Campylobacter spp., Yersinia pestis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Salmonella spp., and Shigella. These pathogens may be diagnosed by capture-based detection methods involving the use of phage protein-coated nanoparticles, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)-based methods, or biosensors. The reviewed studies show that phage proteins are becoming an important diagnostic tool due to the discovery of new phages and the increasing knowledge of understanding the specificity and functions of phage tail proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Filik
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, St. R. Weigl 12, 51-167 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.O.); (J.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Bożena Szermer-Olearnik
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, St. R. Weigl 12, 51-167 Wroclaw, Poland; (S.O.); (J.B.); (E.B.)
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Siyabalapitiya Arachchige S, Crich D. Syntheses of Legionaminic Acid, Pseudaminic Acid, Acetaminic Acid, 8- epi-Acetaminic Acid, and 8- epi-Legionaminic Acid Glycosyl Donors from N-Acetylneuraminic Acid by Side Chain Exchange. Org Lett 2022; 24:2998-3002. [PMID: 35420827 PMCID: PMC9066425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metaperiodate cleavage of the glycerol side chain from an N-acetyl neuraminic acid-derived thioglycoside and condensation with the two enantiomers of the Ellman sulfinamide afford two diastereomeric N-sulfinylimines from which bacterial sialic acid donors with the legionaminic and acetaminic acid configurations and their 8-epi-isomers are obtained by samarium iodide-mediated coupling with acetaldehyde and subsequent manipulations. A variation on the theme, with inversion of the configuration at C5, similarly provides two differentially protected pseudaminic acid donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Siyabalapitiya Arachchige
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - David Crich
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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8
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Jennings MP, Day CJ, Atack JM. How bacteria utilize sialic acid during interactions with the host: snip, snatch, dispatch, match and attach. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168:001157. [PMID: 35316172 PMCID: PMC9558349 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
N -glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), and its precursor N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), commonly referred to as sialic acids, are two of the most common glycans found in mammals. Humans carry a mutation in the enzyme that converts Neu5Ac into Neu5Gc, and as such, expression of Neu5Ac can be thought of as a 'human specific' trait. Bacteria can utilize sialic acids as a carbon and energy source and have evolved multiple ways to take up sialic acids. In order to generate free sialic acid, many bacteria produce sialidases that cleave sialic acid residues from complex glycan structures. In addition, sialidases allow escape from innate immune mechanisms, and can synergize with other virulence factors such as toxins. Human-adapted pathogens have evolved a preference for Neu5Ac, with many bacterial adhesins, and major classes of toxin, specifically recognizing Neu5Ac containing glycans as receptors. The preference of human-adapted pathogens for Neu5Ac also occurs during biosynthesis of surface structures such as lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS), lipo-polysaccharide (LPS) and polysaccharide capsules, subverting the human host immune system by mimicking the host. This review aims to provide an update on the advances made in understanding the role of sialic acid in bacteria-host interactions made in the last 5-10 years, and put these findings into context by highlighting key historical discoveries. We provide a particular focus on 'molecular mimicry' and incorporation of sialic acid onto the bacterial outer-surface, and the role of sialic acid as a receptor for bacterial adhesins and toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - John M. Atack
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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9
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Silva L, Grosso F, Rodrigues C, Ksiezarek M, Ramos H, Peixe L. The success of particular Acinetobacter baumannii clones: accumulating resistance and virulence inside a sugary shield. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:305-311. [PMID: 33150386 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Portugal, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) has been associated with ST98, ST103 and ST208 (Oxford Scheme, Oxf) and a clone has usually been associated with a particular period of time. These clonal shifts were primarily explained by an increased antimicrobial resistance profile. Here we explore genomic and biochemical differences among these and more recent clones, which could further explain the diversity and evolution of this species. METHODS A total of 116 CRAB isolates (2010-15), together with representatives of a previously described CRAB collection (4 isolates, 2001-06) were characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and MLST. Representatives of different FTIR-ATR/MLST clusters were selected for WGS (n = 13), which allowed the in silico extraction of resistance and virulence genes, capsule locus and SNP analysis. RESULTS A. baumannii clonal shifts of OXA-58-producing ST103Oxf (2001-04), OXA-40-producing ST98Oxf (2002-06), OXA-23-producing ST208Oxf (2006-10) and OXA-23-producing ST218Oxf (2010-15) were accompanied by an increase in AMR genes and virulence factors. FTIR-ATR clustering was congruent with sugar composition predicted from the capsular locus: a fucosamine cluster comprising ST98Oxf, ST103Oxf and a single ST218Oxf isolate; a pseudaminic acid cluster of ST208Oxf and ST1557Oxf isolates; and legionaminic acid, resembling the sialic acid from mammalian cells, in a cluster comprising ST218Oxf isolates. The whole-genome phylogenetic tree was congruent with MLST, with isolates presenting 5-28 938 SNPs. ST208Oxf and ST218Oxf presented ∼1900 SNPs while ST103Oxf and ST1557Oxf showed a greater number of SNPs (∼28 000). CONCLUSIONS Clonal shifts of CRAB were promoted, in our country, by consecutive virulence and AMR gene pool enlargement, together with features increasing pathogen-host adaptation. Worldwide dominance of ST218Oxf is supported by the combination of high AMR and virulence levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Silva
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ESALD, Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Filipa Grosso
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Rodrigues
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Magdalena Ksiezarek
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Ramos
- Hospital Geral de Santo António (HGSA), Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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10
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Acinetobacter baumannii K106 and K112: Two Structurally and Genetically Related 6-Deoxy-l-talose-Containing Capsular Polysaccharides. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115641. [PMID: 34073255 PMCID: PMC8199413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole genome sequences of two Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates, 48-1789 and MAR24, revealed that they carry the KL106 and KL112 capsular polysaccharide (CPS) biosynthesis gene clusters, respectively, at the chromosomal K locus. The KL106 and KL112 gene clusters are related to the previously described KL11 and KL83 gene clusters, sharing genes for the synthesis of l-rhamnose (l-Rhap) and 6-deoxy-l-talose (l-6dTalp). CPS material isolated from 48-1789 and MAR24 was studied by sugar analysis and Smith degradation along with one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The structures of K106 and K112 oligosaccharide repeats (K units) l-6dTalp-(1→3)-D-GlcpNAc tetrasaccharide fragment share the responsible genes in the respective gene clusters. The K106 and K83 CPSs also have the same linkage between K units. The KL112 cluster includes an additional glycosyltransferase gene, Gtr183, and the K112 unit includes α l-Rhap side chain that is not found in the K106 structure. K112 further differs in the linkage between K units formed by the Wzy polymerase, and a different wzy gene is found in KL112. However, though both KL106 and KL112 share the atr8 acetyltransferase gene with KL83, only K83 is acetylated.
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11
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McDonald ND, Boyd EF. Structural and Biosynthetic Diversity of Nonulosonic Acids (NulOs) That Decorate Surface Structures in Bacteria. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:142-157. [PMID: 32950378 PMCID: PMC7855311 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonulosonic acids (NulOs) are a diverse family of 9-carbon α-keto acid sugars that are involved in a wide range of functions across all branches of life. The family of NulOs includes the sialic acids as well as the prokaryote-specific NulOs. Select bacteria biosynthesize the sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), and the ability to produce this sugar and its subsequent incorporation into cell-surface structures is implicated in a variety of bacteria-host interactions. Furthermore, scavenging of sialic acid from the environment for energy has been characterized across a diverse group of bacteria, mainly human commensals and pathogens. In addition to sialic acid, bacteria have the ability to biosynthesize prokaryote-specific NulOs, of which there are several known isomers characterized. These prokaryotic NulOs are similar in structure to Neu5Ac but little is known regarding their role in bacterial physiology. Here, we discuss the diversity in structure, the biosynthesis pathways, and the functions of bacteria-specific NulOs. These carbohydrates are phylogenetically widespread among bacteria, with numerous structurally unique modifications recognized. Despite the diversity in structure, the NulOs are involved in similar functions such as motility, biofilm formation, host colonization, and immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D McDonald
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - E Fidelma Boyd
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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12
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Lee IM, Tu IF, Yang FL, Wu SH. Bacteriophage Tail-Spike Proteins Enable Detection of Pseudaminic-Acid-Coated Pathogenic Bacteria and Guide the Development of Antiglycan Antibodies with Cross-Species Antibacterial Activity. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19446-19450. [PMID: 33166120 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pseudaminic acid (Pse), a unique carbohydrate in surface-associated glycans of pathogenic bacteria, has pivotal roles in virulence. Owing to its significant antigenicity and absence in mammals, Pse is considered an attractive target for vaccination or antibody-based therapies against bacterial infections. However, a specific and universal probe for Pse, which could also be used in immunotherapy, has not been reported. In a prior study, we used a tail spike protein from a bacteriophage (ΦAB6TSP) that digests Pse-containing exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Acinetobacter baumannii strain 54149 (Ab-54149) to form a glycoconjugate for preparing anti-Ab-54149 EPS serum. We report here that a catalytically inactive ΦAB6TSP (I-ΦAB6TSP) retains binding ability toward Pse. In addition, an I-ΦAB6TSP-DyLight-650 conjugate (Dy-I-ΦAB6TSP) was more sensitive in detecting Ab-54149 than an antibody purified from anti- Ab-54149 EPS serum. Dy-I-ΦAB6TSP also cross-reacted with other pathogenic bacteria containing Pse on their surface polysaccharides (e.g., Helicobacter pylori and Enterobacter cloacae), revealing it to be a promising probe for detecting Pse across bacterial species. We also developed a detection method that employs I-ΦAB6TSP immobilized on microtiter plate. These results suggested that the anti-Ab-54149 EPS serum would exhibit cross-reactivity to Pse on other organisms. When this was tested, this serum facilitated complement-mediated killing of H. pylori and E. cloacae, indicating its potential as a cross-species antibacterial agent. This work opens new avenues for diagnosis and treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ming Lee
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - I-Fan Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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13
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Monem S, Furmanek-Blaszk B, Łupkowska A, Kuczyńska-Wiśnik D, Stojowska-Swędrzyńska K, Laskowska E. Mechanisms Protecting Acinetobacter baumannii against Multiple Stresses Triggered by the Host Immune Response, Antibiotics and Outside-Host Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5498. [PMID: 32752093 PMCID: PMC7432025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is considered one of the most persistent pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections. Due to the emergence of multidrug resistant strains, as well as high morbidity and mortality caused by this pathogen, A. baumannii was placed on the World Health Organization (WHO) drug-resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance research priority list. This review summarizes current studies on mechanisms that protect A. baumannii against multiple stresses caused by the host immune response, outside host environment, and antibiotic treatment. We particularly focus on the ability of A. baumannii to survive long-term desiccation on abiotic surfaces and the population heterogeneity in A. baumannii biofilms. Insight into these protective mechanisms may provide clues for the development of new strategies to fight multidrug resistant strains of A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroosh Monem
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (S.M.); (A.Ł.); (D.K.-W.); (K.S.-S.)
| | - Beata Furmanek-Blaszk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Adrianna Łupkowska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (S.M.); (A.Ł.); (D.K.-W.); (K.S.-S.)
| | - Dorota Kuczyńska-Wiśnik
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (S.M.); (A.Ł.); (D.K.-W.); (K.S.-S.)
| | - Karolina Stojowska-Swędrzyńska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (S.M.); (A.Ł.); (D.K.-W.); (K.S.-S.)
| | - Ewa Laskowska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (S.M.); (A.Ł.); (D.K.-W.); (K.S.-S.)
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14
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Sequence analysis of nonulosonic acid biosynthetic gene clusters in Vibrionaceae and Moritella viscosa. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11995. [PMID: 32686701 PMCID: PMC7371886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonulosonic acid (NulO) biosynthesis in bacteria is directed by nab gene clusters that can lead to neuraminic, legionaminic or pseudaminic acids. Analysis of the gene content from a set mainly composed of Aliivibrio salmonicida and Moritella viscosa strains reveals the existence of several unique nab clusters, for which the NulO products were predicted. This prediction method can be used to guide tandem mass spectrometry studies in order to verify the products of previously undescribed nab clusters and identify new members of the NulOs family.
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15
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Gulati S, Schoenhofen IC, Lindhout-Djukic T, Schur MJ, Landig CS, Saha S, Deng L, Lewis LA, Zheng B, Varki A, Ram S. Therapeutic CMP-Nonulosonates against Multidrug-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:3283-3295. [PMID: 32434942 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae deploys a unique immune evasion strategy wherein the lacto-N-neotetraose termini of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) are "capped" by a surface LOS sialyltransferase (Lst), using extracellular host-derived CMP-sialic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac in humans). LOS sialylation enhances complement resistance by recruiting factor H (FH; alternative complement pathway inhibitor) and also by limiting classical pathway activation. Sialylated LOS also engages inhibitory Siglecs on host leukocytes, dampening innate immunity. Previously, we showed that analogues of CMP-sialic acids (CMP-nonulosonates [CMP-NulOs]), such as CMP-Leg5,7Ac2 and CMP-Neu5Ac9N3, are also substrates for Lst. Incorporation of Leg5,7Ac2 and Neu5Ac9N3 into LOS results in N. gonorrhoeae being fully serum sensitive. Importantly, intravaginal administration of CMP-Leg5,7Ac2 attenuated N. gonorrhoeae colonization of mouse vaginas. In this study, we characterize and develop additional candidate therapeutic CMP-NulOs. CMP-ketodeoxynonulosonate (CMP-Kdn) and CMP-Kdn7N3, but not CMP-Neu4,5Ac2, were substrates for Lst, further elucidating gonococcal Lst specificity. Lacto-N-neotetraose LOS capped with Kdn and Kdn7N3 bound FH to levels ∼60% of that seen with Neu5Ac and enabled gonococci to resist low (3.3%) but not higher (10%) concentrations of human complement. CMP-Kdn, CMP-Neu5Ac9N3, and CMP-Leg5,7Ac2 administered intravaginally (10 μg/d) to N. gonorrhoeae-colonized mice were equally efficacious. Of the three CMP-NulOs above, CMP-Leg5,7Ac2 was the most pH and temperature stable. In addition, Leg5,7Ac2-fed human cells did not display this NulO on their surface. Moreover, CMP-Leg5,7Ac2 was efficacious against several multidrug-resistant gonococci in mice with a humanized sialome (Cmah-/- mice) or humanized complement system (FH/C4b-binding protein transgenic mice). CMP-Leg5,7Ac2 and CMP-Kdn remain viable leads as topical preventive/therapeutic agents against the global threat of multidrug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Gulati
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Ian C Schoenhofen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada;
| | - Theresa Lindhout-Djukic
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Melissa J Schur
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Corinna S Landig
- Department of Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Sudeshna Saha
- Department of Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Lingquan Deng
- Department of Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Lisa A Lewis
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Bo Zheng
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Ajit Varki
- Department of Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Sanjay Ram
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605;
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabita Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai India
| | - Suvarn S. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai India
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17
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Boleij M, Kleikamp H, Pabst M, Neu TR, van Loosdrecht MCM, Lin Y. Decorating the Anammox House: Sialic Acids and Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans in the Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Anammox Granular Sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5218-5226. [PMID: 32227885 PMCID: PMC7181257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) bacteria are important for the nitrogen cycle in both natural environments and wastewater treatment plants. These bacteria have a strong tendency to grow in aggregates like biofilms and granular sludge. To understand the formation of anammox aggregates, it is required to unravel the composition of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which are produced by the bacteria to develop into aggregates and granules. Here, we investigated anionic polymers in anammox granular sludge, focussing on sialic acids and sulfated glycosaminoglycans. Quantification assays and fluorescent stains indicated that sialic acids and sulfated glycosaminoglycans were present in the anammox EPS (1.6% equivalents of sialic acids and 2.4% equivalents of sulfated glycosaminoglycans). Additionally, the potential genes for the biosynthesis of sialic acids and sulfated glycosaminoglycans were analyzed in the anammox draft genomes. The finding of these components in anammox granular sludge and previously in other nonpathogenic bacteria pointed out that sialic acids and sulfated glycosaminoglycans are worth investigating in the context of a broader function in microbial communities and biofilm systems in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Boleij
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Kleikamp
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Pabst
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas R. Neu
- Department
of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental
Research − UFZ, Brueckstrasse 3A, Magdeburg 39114, Germany
| | - Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Yuemei Lin
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
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18
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Wyres KL, Cahill SM, Holt KE, Hall RM, Kenyon JJ. Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii loci for capsular polysaccharide (KL) and lipooligosaccharide outer core (OCL) synthesis in genome assemblies using curated reference databases compatible with Kaptive. Microb Genom 2020; 6:e000339. [PMID: 32118530 PMCID: PMC7200062 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiply antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections are a global public health concern and accurate tracking of the spread of specific lineages is needed. Variation in the composition and structure of capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a critical determinant of virulence and phage susceptibility, makes it an attractive epidemiological marker. The outer core (OC) of lipooligosaccharide also exhibits variation. To take better advantage of the untapped information available in whole genome sequences, we have created a curated reference database of 92 publicly available gene clusters at the locus encoding proteins responsible for biosynthesis and export of CPS (K locus), and a second database for 12 gene clusters at the locus for outer core biosynthesis (OC locus). Each entry has been assigned a unique KL or OCL number, and is fully annotated using a simple, transparent and standardized nomenclature. These databases are compatible with Kaptive, a tool for in silico typing of bacterial surface polysaccharide loci, and their utility was validated using (a) >630 assembled A. baumannii draft genomes for which the KL and OCL regions had been previously typed manually, and (b) 3386 A. baumannii genome assemblies downloaded from NCBI. Among the previously typed genomes, Kaptive was able to confidently assign KL and OCL types with 100 % accuracy. Among the genomes retrieved from NCBI, Kaptive detected known KL and OCL in 87 and 90 % of genomes, respectively, indicating that the majority of common KL and OCL types are captured within the databases; 13 of the 92 KL in the database were not detected in any publicly available whole genome assembly. The failure to assign a KL or OCL type may indicate incomplete or poor-quality genomes. However, further novel variants may remain to be documented. Combining outputs with multilocus sequence typing (Institut Pasteur scheme) revealed multiple KL and OCL types in collections of a single sequence type (ST) representing each of the two predominant globally distributed clones, ST1 of GC1 and ST2 of GC2, and in collections of other clones comprising >20 isolates each (ST10, ST25, and ST140), indicating extensive within-clone replacement of these loci. The databases are available at https://github.com/katholt/Kaptive and will be updated as further locus types become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Wyres
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah M. Cahill
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kathryn E. Holt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ruth M. Hall
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Johanna J. Kenyon
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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19
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Kleikamp HBC, Lin YM, McMillan DGG, Geelhoed JS, Naus-Wiezer SNH, van Baarlen P, Saha C, Louwen R, Sorokin DY, van Loosdrecht MCM, Pabst M. Tackling the chemical diversity of microbial nonulosonic acids - a universal large-scale survey approach. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3074-3080. [PMID: 34122812 PMCID: PMC8157484 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06406k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonulosonic acids, commonly referred to as sialic acids, are a highly important group of nine-carbon sugars common to all domains of life. They all share biosynthetic and structural features, but otherwise display a remarkable chemical diversity. In humans, sialic acids cover all cells which makes them important for processes such as cellular protection, immunity and brain development. On the other hand, sialic acids and other nonulosonic acids have been associated with pathological processes including cancer and viral infections. In prokaryotes, nonulosonic acids are commonly associated with pathogens, which developed through molecular mimicry a strategy to circumvent the host's immune response. However, the remarkably large chemical diversity of prokaryotic nonulosonic acids challenges their discovery, and research on molecular characteristics essential for medical applications are often not feasible. Here, we demonstrate a novel, universal large-scale discovery approach that tackles the unmapped diversity of prokaryotic nonulosonic acids. Thereby, we utilize selective chemical labelling combined with a newly established mass spectrometric all-ion-reaction scanning approach to identify nonulosonic acids and other ulosonic acid-like sugars. In doing so, we provide a first molecular-level comparative study on the frequency and diversity across different phyla. We not only illustrate their surprisingly wide-spread occurrence in non-pathogenic species, but also provide evidence of potential higher carbon variants. Many biomedical studies rely on synthetic routes for sialic acids, which are highly demanding and often of low product yields. Our approach enables large-scale exploration for alternative sources of these highly important compounds. A novel large-scale survey approach for microbial nonulosonic acids (sialic acids) including a first molecular level comparative study is presented.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo B C Kleikamp
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Yue Mei Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Duncan G G McMillan
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | | | - Suzanne N H Naus-Wiezer
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Baarlen
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Wageningen 6708 WD The Netherlands
| | - Chinmoy Saha
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Rotterdam 3015 CE The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Louwen
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Rotterdam 3015 CE The Netherlands
| | - Dimitry Y Sorokin
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands .,Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | | | - Martin Pabst
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
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20
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Arbatsky NP, Kenyon JJ, Kasimova AA, Shashkov AS, Shneider MM, Popova AV, Knirel YA, Hall RM. K units of the K8 and K54 capsular polysaccharides produced by Acinetobacter baumannii BAL 097 and RCH52 have the same structure but contain different di-N-acyl derivatives of legionaminic acid and are linked differently. Carbohydr Res 2019; 483:107745. [PMID: 31349142 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The K8 and K54 capsular polysaccharides were isolated from Acinetobacter baumannii BAL 097 and RCH52, respectively, and studied by sugar analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and selective solvolysis with CF3CO2H in the presence of 2-methyl-1-propanol, along with 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The following structures of related branched tetrasaccharide repeats (K units) of the polysaccharides were established: where Leg indicates 5,7-diamino-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-non-2-ulosonic (legionaminic) acid and R indicates (R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl or acetyl in the ratio ~2.5:1. The sequences of the KL8 and KL54 capsule gene clusters were closely related. The difference in the acyl group at O-7 on the sidechain legionaminic acid is due to differences in two genes in the legionaminic acid biosynthesis cluster. The wzy genes encoding the K unit polymerases are also different and make different linkages between the K units, allowing the first sugar of both K units to be identified as d-GlcpNAc. The shared Gtr20 glycosyltransferase, also encoded in KL63, forms the α-l-FucpNAc-(1 → 3)-d-GlcpNAc linkage, and Gtr19 was predicted to form α-d-GalpNAc-(1 → 3)-l-FucpNAc. Gtr18 from KL8 is 75% identical to Gtr108 from KL54 and both would link the Leg derivative to d-GalpNAc. Hence the genes present at the K locus were consistent with the composition and structures of the K8 and K54 capsular polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay P Arbatsky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Johanna J Kenyon
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Anastasiya A Kasimova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail M Shneider
- M. M. Shemyakin & Y. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya V Popova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia; State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ruth M Hall
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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21
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The K90 capsular polysaccharide produced by Acinetobacter baumannii LUH5553 contains di-N-acetylpseudaminic acid and is structurally related to the K7 polysaccharide from A. baumannii LUH5533. Carbohydr Res 2019; 479:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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The K5 capsular polysaccharide of the bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii SDF with the same K unit containing Leg5Ac7Ac as the K7 capsular polysaccharide but a different linkage between the K units. Russ Chem Bull 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Bloch S, Tomek MB, Friedrich V, Messner P, Schäffer C. Nonulosonic acids contribute to the pathogenicity of the oral bacterium Tannerella forsythia. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20180064. [PMID: 30842870 PMCID: PMC6388019 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a polymicrobial, biofilm-caused, inflammatory disease affecting the tooth-supporting tissues. It is not only the leading cause of tooth loss worldwide, but can also impact systemic health. The development of effective treatment strategies is hampered by the complicated disease pathogenesis which is best described by a polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis model. This model classifies the Gram-negative anaerobe Tannerella forsythia as a periodontal pathogen, making it a prime candidate for interference with the disease. Tannerella forsythia employs a protein O-glycosylation system that enables high-density display of nonulosonic acids via the bacterium's two-dimensional crystalline cell surface layer. Nonulosonic acids are sialic acid-like sugars which are well known for their pivotal biological roles. This review summarizes the current knowledge of T. forsythia's unique cell envelope with a focus on composition, biosynthesis and functional implications of the cell surface O-glycan. We have obtained evidence that glycobiology affects the bacterium's immunogenicity and capability to establish itself in the polymicrobial oral biofilm. Analysis of the genomes of different T. forsythia isolates revealed that complex protein O-glycosylation involving nonulosonic acids is a hallmark of pathogenic T. forsythia strains and, thus, constitutes a valuable target for the design of novel anti-infective strategies to combat periodontitis.
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Kenyon JJ, Arbatsky NP, Sweeney EL, Shashkov AS, Shneider MM, Popova AV, Hall RM, Knirel YA. Production of the K16 capsular polysaccharide by Acinetobacter baumannii ST25 isolate D4 involves a novel glycosyltransferase encoded in the KL16 gene cluster. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:101-106. [PMID: 30664967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new capsular polysaccharide (CPS) biosynthesis gene cluster, KL16, was found in the genome sequence of a clinical Acinetobacter baumannii ST25 isolate, D4. The variable part of KL16 contains a module of genes for synthesis of 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-l-glycero-l-manno-non-2-ulosonic acid (5,7-di-N-acetylpseudaminic acid, Pse5Ac7Ac), a gene encoding ItrA3 that initiates the CPS synthesis with d-GlcpNAc, and two glycosyltransferase (Gtr) genes. The K16 CPS was studied by sugar analysis and Smith degradation along with 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and shown to be built up of linear trisaccharide repeats containing d-galactose (d-Gal), N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (d-GlcNAc), and Pse5Ac7Ac. The d-Galp residue is linked to the d-GlcpNAc initiating sugar via a β-(1 → 3) linkage evidently formed by a Gtr5 variant, Gtr5K16, encoded in KL16. This reveals an altered or relaxed substrate specificity of this variant as the majority of Gtr5-type glycosyltransferases have previously been shown to form a β-d-Galp-(1 → 3)-d-GalpNAc linkage. The β-Psep5Ac7Ac-(2 → 4)-d-Galp linkage is predicted to be formed by the other glycosyltransferase, Gtr37, which does not match members of any known glycosyltransferase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna J Kenyon
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Nikolay P Arbatsky
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Emma L Sweeney
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail M Shneider
- M. M. Shemyakin & Y. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University, Smolensk, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Popova
- Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University, Smolensk, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia; State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Ruth M Hall
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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25
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McDonald ND, DeMeester KE, Lewis AL, Grimes CL, Boyd EF. Structural and functional characterization of a modified legionaminic acid involved in glycosylation of a bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19113-19126. [PMID: 30315110 PMCID: PMC6295735 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonulosonic acids (NulOs) are a diverse family of α-keto acid carbohydrates present across all branches of life. Bacteria biosynthesize NulOs among which are several related prokaryotic-specific isomers and one of which, N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid), is common among all vertebrates. Bacteria display various NulO carbohydrates on lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the identities of these molecules tune host-pathogen recognition mechanisms. The opportunistic bacterial pathogen Vibrio vulnificus possesses the genes for NulO biosynthesis; however, the structures and functions of the V. vulnificus NulO glycan are unknown. Using genetic and chemical approaches, we show here that the major NulO produced by a clinical V. vulnificus strain CMCP6 is 5-N-acetyl-7-N-acetyl-d-alanyl-legionaminic acid (Leg5Ac7AcAla). The CMCP6 strain could catabolize modified legionaminic acid, whereas V. vulnificus strain YJ016 produced but did not catabolize a NulO without the N-acetyl-d-alanyl modification. In silico analysis suggested that Leg5Ac7AcAla biosynthesis follows a noncanonical pathway but appears to be present in several bacterial species. Leg5Ac7AcAla contributed to bacterial outer-membrane integrity, as mutant strains unable to produce or incorporate Leg5Ac7AcAla into the LPS have increased membrane permeability, sensitivity to bile salts and antimicrobial peptides, and defects in biofilm formation. Using the crustacean model, Artemia franciscana, we demonstrate that Leg5Ac7AcAla-deficient bacteria have decreased virulence potential compared with WT. Our data indicate that different V. vulnificus strains produce multiple NulOs and that the modified legionaminic acid Leg5Ac7AcAla plays a critical role in the physiology, survivability, and pathogenicity of V. vulnificus CMCP6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen E DeMeester
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 and
| | - Amanda L Lewis
- the Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Catherine Leimkuhler Grimes
- From the Departments of Biological Sciences and
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 and
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26
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Abstract
Sialic acids are cytoprotectors, mainly localized on the surface of cell membranes with multiple and outstanding cell biological functions. The history of their structural analysis, occurrence, and functions is fascinating and described in this review. Reports from different researchers on apparently similar substances from a variety of biological materials led to the identification of a 9-carbon monosaccharide, which in 1957 was designated "sialic acid." The most frequently occurring member of the sialic acid family is N-acetylneuraminic acid, followed by N-glycolylneuraminic acid and O-acetylated derivatives, and up to now over about 80 neuraminic acid derivatives have been described. They appeared first in the animal kingdom, ranging from echinoderms up to higher animals, in many microorganisms, and are also expressed in insects, but are absent in higher plants. Sialic acids are masks and ligands and play as such dual roles in biology. Their involvement in immunology and tumor biology, as well as in hereditary diseases, cannot be underestimated. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid is very special, as this sugar cannot be expressed by humans, but is a xenoantigen with pathogenetic potential. Sialidases (neuraminidases), which liberate sialic acids from cellular compounds, had been known from very early on from studies with influenza viruses. Sialyltransferases, which are responsible for the sialylation of glycans and elongation of polysialic acids, are studied because of their significance in development and, for instance, in cancer. As more information about the functions in health and disease is acquired, the use of sialic acids in the treatment of diseases is also envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schauer
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Johannis P Kamerling
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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27
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Harding CM, Haurat MF, Vinogradov E, Feldman MF. Distinct amino acid residues confer one of three UDP-sugar substrate specificities in Acinetobacter baumannii PglC phosphoglycosyltransferases. Glycobiology 2018; 28:522-533. [PMID: 29668902 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic human pathogen with the highest reported rates of multidrug resistance among Gram-negative pathogens. The capsular polysaccharide of A. baumannii is considered one of its most significant virulence factors providing resistance against complemented-mediated killing. Capsule synthesis in A. baumannii is usually initiated by the phosphoglycosyltransferase PglC. PglC transfers a phosphosugar from a nucleotide diphosphate-sugar to a polyprenol phosphate generating a polyprenol diphosphate-linked monosaccharide. Traditionally, PglC was thought to have stringent specificity towards UDP-N-N'-diacetylbacillosamine (UDP-diNAcBac). In this work we demonstrate that A. baumannii PglC has the ability to utilize three different UDP-sugar substrates: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) or UDP-diNAcBac. Using phylogenetic analyses, we first demonstrate that A. baumannii PglC orthologs separate into three distinct clades. Moreover, all members within a clade are predicted to have the same preference for one of the three possible sugar substrates. To experimentally determine the substrate specificity of each clade, we utilized in vivo complementation models and NMR analysis. We demonstrate that UDP-diNAcBac is accommodated by all PglC orthologs, but some orthologs evolved to utilize UDP-GlcNAc or UDP-GalNAc in a clade-dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that a single point mutation can modify the sugar specificity of a PglC ortholog specific for UDP-diNAcBac and that introduction of a non-native PglC ortholog into A. baumannii can generate a new capsule serotype. Collectively, these studies begin to explain why A. baumannii strains have such highly diverse glycan repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Harding
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,VaxNewMo LLC, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Florencia Haurat
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Evgeny Vinogradov
- National Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario F Feldman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,VaxNewMo LLC, St. Louis, MO, USA
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28
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Reimer JM, Harb I, Ovchinnikova OG, Jiang J, Whitfield C, Schmeing TM. Structural Insight into a Novel Formyltransferase and Evolution to a Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Tailoring Domain. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:3161-3172. [PMID: 30346688 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) increase the chemical diversity of their products by acquiring tailoring domains. Linear gramicidin synthetase starts with a tailoring formylation (F) domain, which likely originated from a sugar formyltransferase (FT) gene. Here, we present studies on an Anoxybacillus kamchatkensis sugar FT representative of the prehorizontal gene transfer FT. Gene cluster analysis reveals that this FT acts on a UDP-sugar in a novel pathway for synthesis of a 7-formamido derivative of CMP-pseudaminic acid. We recapitulate the pathway up to and including the formylation step in vitro, experimentally demonstrating the role of the FT. We also present X-ray crystal structures of the FT alone and with ligands, which unveil contrasts with other structurally characterized sugar FTs and show close structural similarity with the F domain. The structures reveal insights into the adaptations that were needed to co-opt and evolve a sugar FT into a functional and useful NRPS domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M. Reimer
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Ingrid Harb
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Olga G. Ovchinnikova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jessie Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Chris Whitfield
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - T. Martin Schmeing
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 0B1, Canada
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29
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Dhakal B, Crich D. Synthesis and Stereocontrolled Equatorially Selective Glycosylation Reactions of a Pseudaminic Acid Donor: Importance of the Side-Chain Conformation and Regioselective Reduction of Azide Protecting Groups. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15008-15015. [PMID: 30351022 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pseudaminic acid is an amino deoxy sialic acid whose glycosides are essential components of many pathogenic Gram-negative bacterial cell walls including those from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Vibrio vulnificus, and Pseudoalteromonas distincta. The study of pseudaminic acid glycosides is however hampered by poor availability from nature and the paucity of good synthetic methods and limited to no understanding of the factors controlling stereoselectivity. Conformational analysis of the side chains of various stereoisomeric sialic acids suggested that the side chain of pseudaminic acid would take up the most electron-withdrawing trans, gauche-conformation, as opposed to the gauche, gauche conformation of N-acetyl neuraminic acid and the gauche, trans-conformtion of 7- epi N-acetyl neuraminic acid, leading to the prediction of high equatorial selectivity. This prediction is borne out by the synthesis of a suitably protected pseudaminic acid donor from N-acetyl neuraminic acid in 20 steps and 5% overall yield and by the exquisite equatorial selectivity it displays in coupling reactions with typical glycosyl acceptors. The selectivity of the glycosylation reactions is further buttressed by the development and implementation of conditions for the regioselective release of the two amines from the corresponding azides, such as required for the preparation of the lipopolysaccharides. These findings open the way to the synthesis and study of pseudaminic acid-based bacterial lipopolysaccharides and, importantly in the broader context of glycosylation reactions in general, underline the significant role played by side-chain conformation in the control of reactivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Dhakal
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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30
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Wagstaff BA, Rejzek M, Field RA. Identification of a Kdn biosynthesis pathway in the haptophyte Prymnesium parvum suggests widespread sialic acid biosynthesis among microalgae. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16277-16290. [PMID: 30171074 PMCID: PMC6200933 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids are a family of more than 50 structurally distinct acidic sugars on the surface of all vertebrate cells where they terminate glycan chains and are exposed to many interactions with the surrounding environment. In particular, sialic acids play important roles in cell-cell and host-pathogen interactions. The sialic acids or related nonulosonic acids have been observed in Deuterostome lineages, Eubacteria, and Archaea but are notably absent from plants. However, the structurally related C8 acidic sugar 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid (Kdo) is present in Gram-negative bacteria and plants as a component of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and pectic rhamnogalacturonan II in the plant cell wall. Until recently, sialic acids were not thought to occur in algae, but as in plants, Kdo has been observed in algae. Here, we report the de novo biosynthesis of the deaminated sialic acid, 3-deoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid (Kdn), in the toxin-producing microalga Prymnesium parvum Using biochemical methods, we show that this alga contains CMP-Kdn and identified and recombinantly expressed the P. parvum genes encoding Kdn-9-P synthetase and CMP-Kdn synthetase enzymes that convert mannose-6-P to CMP-Kdn. Bioinformatics analysis revealed sequences related to those of the two P. parvum enzymes, suggesting that sialic acid biosynthesis is likely more widespread among microalgae than previously thought and that this acidic sugar may play a role in host-pathogen interactions involving microalgae. Our findings provide evidence that P. parvum has the biosynthetic machinery for de novo production of the deaminated sialic acid Kdn and that sialic acid biosynthesis may be common among microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Wagstaff
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Rejzek
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Field
- From the Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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31
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Kasimova AA, Kenyon JJ, Arbatsky NP, Shashkov AS, Popova AV, Shneider MM, Knirel YA, Hall RM. Acinetobacter baumannii K20 and K21 capsular polysaccharide structures establish roles for UDP-glucose dehydrogenase Ugd2, pyruvyl transferase Ptr2 and two glycosyltransferases. Glycobiology 2018; 28:876-884. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya A Kasimova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninskii prosp., Moscow, Russia
- Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya pl., Moscow, Russia
| | - Johanna J Kenyon
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Cnr of Maze Cres and Butlin Ave, Darlington Campus, Sydney, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nikolay P Arbatsky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninskii prosp., Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninskii prosp., Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya V Popova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskii per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Mikhail M Shneider
- M. M. Shemyakin & Y. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya ul., Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninskii prosp., Moscow, Russia
| | - Ruth M Hall
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Cnr of Maze Cres and Butlin Ave, Darlington Campus, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Cnr of Maze Cres and Butlin Ave, Darlington Campus, Sydney, Australia
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32
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Kenyon JJ, Kasimova AA, Shashkov AS, Hall RM, Knirel YA. Acinetobacter baumannii isolate BAL_212 from Vietnam produces the K57 capsular polysaccharide containing a rarely occurring amino sugar N-acetylviosamine. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2018; 164:217-220. [PMID: 29300154 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The structures of capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) produced by different Acinetobacter baumannii strains have proven to be invaluable in confirming the role of specific genes in the synthesis of rare sugars through the correlation of genetic content at the CPS biosynthesis locus with sugars found in corresponding CPS structures. A module of four genes (rmlA, rmlB, vioA and vioB) was identified in the KL57 capsule biosynthesis gene cluster of A. baumannii isolate BAL_212 from Vietnam. These genes were predicted to direct the synthesis of 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose (N-acetylviosamine, d-Qui4NAc) and the K57 CPS was found to contain this monosaccharide. The K57 structure was determined and, in addition to d-Qui4NAc, included three N-acetylgalactosamine residues in the main chain, with a single glucose side branch. The KL57 gene cluster has not been found in any other A. baumannii genomes, but the rmlA-rmlB-vioA-vioB module is present in the KL119 gene cluster that would likely produce a d-Qui4NAc-containing CPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna J Kenyon
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anastasiya A Kasimova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ruth M Hall
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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33
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Friedrich V, Janesch B, Windwarder M, Maresch D, Braun ML, Megson ZA, Vinogradov E, Goneau MF, Sharma A, Altmann F, Messner P, Schoenhofen IC, Schäffer C. Tannerella forsythia strains display different cell-surface nonulosonic acids: biosynthetic pathway characterization and first insight into biological implications. Glycobiology 2018; 27:342-357. [PMID: 27986835 PMCID: PMC5378307 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tannerella forsythia is an anaerobic, Gram-negative periodontal pathogen. A unique O-linked oligosaccharide decorates the bacterium's cell surface proteins and was shown to modulate the host immune response. In our study, we investigated the biosynthesis of the nonulosonic acid (NulO) present at the terminal position of this glycan. A bioinformatic analysis of T. forsythia genomes revealed a gene locus for the synthesis of pseudaminic acid (Pse) in the type strain ATCC 43037 while strains FDC 92A2 and UB4 possess a locus for the synthesis of legionaminic acid (Leg) instead. In contrast to the NulO in ATCC 43037, which has been previously identified as a Pse derivative (5-N-acetimidoyl-7-N-glyceroyl-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-l-glycero-l-manno-NulO), glycan analysis of strain UB4 performed in this study indicated a 350-Da, possibly N-glycolyl Leg (3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-NulO) derivative with unknown C5,7 N-acyl moieties. We have expressed, purified and characterized enzymes of both NulO pathways to confirm these genes’ functions. Using capillary electrophoresis (CE), CE–mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy, our studies revealed that Pse biosynthesis in ATCC 43037 essentially follows the UDP-sugar route described in Helicobacter pylori, while the pathway in strain FDC 92A2 corresponds to Leg biosynthesis in Campylobacter jejuni involving GDP-sugar intermediates. To demonstrate that the NulO biosynthesis enzymes are functional in vivo, we created knockout mutants resulting in glycans lacking the respective NulO. Compared to the wild-type strains, the mutants exhibited significantly reduced biofilm formation on mucin-coated surfaces, suggestive of their involvement in host-pathogen interactions or host survival. This study contributes to understanding possible biological roles of bacterial NulOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Friedrich
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Janesch
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Windwarder
- Department of Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias L Braun
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zoë A Megson
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evgeny Vinogradov
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marie-France Goneau
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ashu Sharma
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 311 Foster Hall, 3435 Main St. Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Messner
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ian C Schoenhofen
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, Austria
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34
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Oliveira H, Costa AR, Konstantinides N, Ferreira A, Akturk E, Sillankorva S, Nemec A, Shneider M, Dötsch A, Azeredo J. Ability of phages to infectAcinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumanniicomplex species through acquisition of different pectate lyase depolymerase domains. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:5060-5077. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Oliveira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira; University of Minho; 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - Ana R. Costa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira; University of Minho; 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - Nico Konstantinides
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira; University of Minho; 4710-057 Braga Portugal
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Wageningen University; Stippeneng 6708 WE Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Alice Ferreira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira; University of Minho; 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - Ergun Akturk
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira; University of Minho; 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - Sanna Sillankorva
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira; University of Minho; 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - Alexandr Nemec
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics; National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48; 100 42 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Mikhail Shneider
- Laboratory of Molecular Bioengineering, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya St; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; 117997 Moscow Russia
| | - Andreas Dötsch
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Max Rubner-Institute, Institute for Physiologie and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9; 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Joana Azeredo
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira; University of Minho; 4710-057 Braga Portugal
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35
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Kenyon JJ, Kasimova AA, Notaro A, Arbatsky NP, Speciale I, Shashkov AS, De Castro C, Hall RM, Knirel YA. Acinetobacter baumannii K13 and K73 capsular polysaccharides differ only in K-unit side branches of novel non-2-ulosonic acids: di- N -acetylated forms of either acinetaminic acid or 8-epiacinetaminic acid. Carbohydr Res 2017; 452:149-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Kenyon JJ, Kasimova AA, Shneider MM, Shashkov AS, Arbatsky NP, Popova AV, Miroshnikov KA, Hall RM, Knirel YA. The KL24 gene cluster and a genomic island encoding a Wzy polymerase contribute genes needed for synthesis of the K24 capsular polysaccharide by the multiply antibiotic resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolate RCH51. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:355-363. [PMID: 28356169 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The whole-genome sequence of the multiply antibiotic resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolate RCH51 belonging to sequence type ST103 (Institut Pasteur scheme) revealed that the set of genes at the capsule locus, KL24, includes four genes predicted to direct the synthesis of 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-d-galactose (d-Fuc3NAc), and this sugar was found in the capsular polysaccharide (CPS). One of these genes, fdtE, encodes a novel bifunctional protein with an N-terminal FdtA 3,4-ketoisomerase domain and a C-terminal acetyltransferase domain. KL24 lacks a gene encoding a Wzy polymerase to link the oligosaccharide K units to form the CPS found associated with isolate RCH51, and a wzy gene was found in a small genomic island (GI) near the cpn60 gene. This GI is in precisely the same location as another GI carrying wzy and atr genes recently found in several A. baumannii isolates, but it does not otherwise resemble it. The CPS isolated from RCH51, studied by sugar analysis and 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, revealed that the K unit has a branched pentasaccharide structure made up of Gal, GalNAc and GlcNAc residues with d-Fuc3NAc as a side branch, and the K units are linked via a β-d-GlcpNAc-(1→3)-β-d-Galp linkage formed by the Wzy encoded by the GI. The functions of the glycosyltransferases encoded by KL24 were assigned to formation of specific bonds. A correspondence between the order of the genes in KL24 and other KL and the order of the linkages they form was noted, and this may be useful in future predictions of glycosyltransferase specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna J Kenyon
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anastasiya A Kasimova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail M Shneider
- M. M. Shemyakin and Y. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay P Arbatsky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya V Popova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia.,State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Miroshnikov
- M. M. Shemyakin and Y. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ruth M Hall
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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37
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Kenyon JJ, Notaro A, Hsu LY, De Castro C, Hall RM. 5,7-Di-N-acetyl-8-epiacinetaminic acid: A new non-2-ulosonic acid found in the K73 capsule produced by an Acinetobacter baumannii isolate from Singapore. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11357. [PMID: 28900250 PMCID: PMC5595891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonulosonic acids are found in the surface polysaccharides of many bacterial species and are often implicated in pathogenesis. Here, the structure of a novel 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxynon-2-ulosonic acid recovered from the capsular polysaccharide of a multiply antibiotic resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolate was determined. The isolate carries a sugar synthesis module that differs by only a single gene from the module for the synthesis of 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-L-glycero-L-altro-non-2-ulosonic acid or 5,7-di-N-acetylacinetaminic acid, recently discovered in the capsule of another A. baumannii isolate. The new monosaccharide is the C8-epimer of acinetaminic acid (8eAci; 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-L-altro-non-2-ulosonic acid) and the C7-epimer of legionaminic acid. This monosaccharide had not previously been detected in a biological sample but had been synthesized chemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna J Kenyon
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anna Notaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Li Yang Hsu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ruth M Hall
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Abstract
Legionaminic acids are analogs of sialic acid that occur in cell surface glycoconjugates of several bacteria. Because legionaminic acids share the same stereochemistry as sialic acid but differ at C7 and C9, they are interesting analogs to probe the impact of varying exocyclic moieties (C7-C9) on biological activities such as susceptibilities to sialidases, interactions with Siglecs and immunogenicity. There are currently no reports on the bacterial enzymes that transfer legionaminic acids to these cell surface glycoconjugates, but some mammalian and bacterial sialyltransferases display donor promiscuity and can use CMP-Leg5,7Ac2 efficiently enough to transfer Leg5,7Ac2 to their natural acceptor glycans. When the natural activity with CMP-Leg5,7Ac2 is significant but relatively low, an alternate strategy has been to engineer versions with improved activity to transfer Leg5,7Ac2. Importantly, we have found that some bacterial sialyltransferases are very efficient for transferring Leg5,7Ac2 to small synthetic glycans with various aglycones. The two mammalian sialyltransferases that have been tested so far (porcine ST3Gal1 and human ST6Gal1) were found to be more efficient than the bacterial sialyltransferases for the modification of glycoproteins. We provide a review of the sialyltransferases selected to modify different types of glycoconjugates with Leg5,7Ac2, including small synthetic acceptors, glycolipids, and glycoproteins. In the first part, we also propose an optimized biosynthetic pathway for in vitro preparation of the donor CMP-Leg5,7Ac2, based on enzymes selected from two bacteria that naturally produce legionaminic acid.
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39
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Kenyon JJ, Shashkov AS, Senchenkova SN, Shneider MM, Liu B, Popova AV, Arbatsky NP, Miroshnikov KA, Wang L, Knirel YA, Hall RM. Acinetobacter baumannii K11 and K83 capsular polysaccharides have the same 6-deoxy-l-talose-containing pentasaccharide K units but different linkages between the K units. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:648-655. [PMID: 28528003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii produces a variety of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) via genes located at the chromosomal K locus and some KL gene clusters include genes for the synthesis of specific sugars. The structures of K11 and K83 CPS produced by isolates LUH5545 and LUH5538, which carry related KL11a and KL83 gene clusters, respectively, were established by sugar analysis and one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Both CPS contain l-rhamnose (l-Rha) and 6-deoxy-l-talose (l-6dTal), and both KL gene clusters include genes for dTDP-l-Rhap synthesis and a tle (talose epimerase) gene encoding an epimerase that converts dTDP-l-Rhap to dTDP-l-6dTalp. The K11 and K83 repeat units are the same pentasaccharide, consisting of d-glucose, l-Rha, l-6dTal, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, except that l-6dTal is 2-O-acetylated in K83. However, the K units are linked differently, with l-Rha in the main chain in K11, but as a side-branch in K83. KL11 and KL83 encode unrelated Wzy polymerases that link the K units together and different acetyltransferases, though only Atr8 from KL83 is active. The substrate specificity of each Wzy polymerase was assigned, and the functions of all glycosyltransferases were predicted. The CPS structures produced by three closely related K loci, KL29, KL105 and KL106, were also predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna J Kenyon
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sof'ya N Senchenkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail M Shneider
- M. M. Shemyakin & Y. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bin Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Anastasiya V Popova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia; State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Nikolay P Arbatsky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Miroshnikov
- M. M. Shemyakin & Y. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lei Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ruth M Hall
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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40
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Structure of the N-acetylpseudaminic acid-containing capsular polysaccharide of Acinetobacter baumannii NIPH67. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-016-1342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Related structures of neutral capsular polysaccharides of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates that carry related capsule gene clusters KL43, KL47, and KL88. Carbohydr Res 2016; 435:173-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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42
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Kenyon JJ, Speciale I, Hall RM, De Castro C. Structure of repeating unit of the capsular polysaccharide from Acinetobacter baumannii D78 and assignment of the K4 gene cluster. Carbohydr Res 2016; 434:12-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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43
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Kenyon JJ, Shneider MM, Senchenkova SN, Shashkov AS, Siniagina MN, Malanin SY, Popova AV, Miroshnikov KA, Hall RM, Knirel YA. K19 capsular polysaccharide of Acinetobacter baumannii is produced via a Wzy polymerase encoded in a small genomic island rather than the KL19 capsule gene cluster. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2016; 162:1479-1489. [PMID: 27230482 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polymerization of the oligosaccharides (K units) of complex capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) requires a Wzy polymerase, which is usually encoded in the gene cluster that directs K unit synthesis. Here, a gene cluster at the Acinetobacter K locus (KL) that lacks a wzy gene, KL19, was found in Acinetobacter baumannii ST111 isolates 28 and RBH2 recovered from hospitals in the Russian Federation and Australia, respectively. However, these isolates produced long-chain capsule, and a wzy gene was found in a 6.1 kb genomic island (GI) located adjacent to the cpn60 gene. The GI also includes an acetyltransferase gene, atr25, which is interrupted by an insertion sequence (IS) in RBH2. The capsule structure from both strains was →3)-α-d-GalpNAc-(1→4)-α-d-GalpNAcA-(1→3)-β-d-QuipNAc4NAc-(1→, determined using NMR spectroscopy. Biosynthesis of the K unit was inferred to be initiated with QuiNAc4NAc, and hence the Wzy forms the β-(1→3) linkage between QuipNAc4NAc and GalpNAc. The GalpNAc residue is 6-O-acetylated in isolate 28 only, showing that atr25 is responsible for this acetylation. The same GI with or without an IS in atr25 was found in draft genomes of other KL19 isolates, as well as ones carrying a closely related CPS gene cluster, KL39, which differs from KL19 only in a gene for an acyltransferase in the QuiNAc4NR synthesis pathway. Isolates carrying a KL1 variant with the wzy and atr genes each interrupted by an ISAba125 also have this GI. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of genes involved in capsule biosynthesis normally found at the KL located elsewhere in A. baumannii genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna J Kenyon
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mikhail M Shneider
- M. M. Shemyakin & Y. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sofya N Senchenkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria N Siniagina
- Interdisciplinary Center for Proteomics Research, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Y Malanin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Proteomics Research, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya V Popova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russian Federation.,State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Miroshnikov
- M. M. Shemyakin & Y. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ruth M Hall
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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44
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Schultz MB, Pham Thanh D, Tran Do Hoan N, Wick RR, Ingle DJ, Hawkey J, Edwards DJ, Kenyon JJ, Phu Huong Lan N, Campbell JI, Thwaites G, Thi Khanh Nhu N, Hall RM, Fournier-Level A, Baker S, Holt KE. Repeated local emergence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a single hospital ward. Microb Genom 2016; 2:e000050. [PMID: 28348846 PMCID: PMC5320574 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported a dramatic increase in the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a Vietnamese hospital. This upsurge was associated with a specific oxa23-positive clone that was identified by multilocus VNTR analysis. Here, we used whole-genome sequence analysis to dissect the emergence of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in the ICU during 2009–2012. To provide historical context and distinguish microevolution from strain introduction, we compared these genomes with those of A. baumannii asymptomatic carriage and VAP isolates from this same ICU collected during 2003–2007. We identified diverse lineages co-circulating over many years. Carbapenem resistance was associated with the presence of oxa23, oxa40, oxa58 and ndm1 genes in multiple lineages. The majority of resistant isolates were oxa23-positive global clone GC2; fine-scale phylogenomic analysis revealed five distinct GC2 sublineages within the ICU that had evolved locally via independent chromosomal insertions of oxa23 transposons. The increase in infections caused by carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii was associated with transposon-mediated transmission of a carbapenemase gene, rather than clonal expansion or spread of a carbapenemase-harbouring plasmid. Additionally, we found evidence of homologous recombination creating diversity within the local GC2 population, including several events resulting in replacement of the capsule locus. We identified likely donors of the imported capsule locus sequences amongst the A. baumannii isolated on the same ward, suggesting that diversification was largely facilitated via reassortment and sharing of genetic material within the localized A. baumannii population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Schultz
- 2Centre for Systems Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Duy Pham Thanh
- 3The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhu Tran Do Hoan
- 3The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ryan R Wick
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,2Centre for Systems Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Danielle J Ingle
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,2Centre for Systems Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jane Hawkey
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,2Centre for Systems Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David J Edwards
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,2Centre for Systems Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Johanna J Kenyon
- 4School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,5School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nguyen Phu Huong Lan
- 3The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,6Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, London, UK
| | - James I Campbell
- 3The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Guy Thwaites
- 3The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Khanh Nhu
- 3The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,6Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, London, UK
| | - Ruth M Hall
- 4School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Stephen Baker
- 3The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,6Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, London, UK
| | - Kathryn E Holt
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,2Centre for Systems Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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45
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Holt K, Kenyon JJ, Hamidian M, Schultz MB, Pickard DJ, Dougan G, Hall R. Five decades of genome evolution in the globally distributed, extensively antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii global clone 1. Microb Genom 2016; 2:e000052. [PMID: 28348844 PMCID: PMC5320584 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates that are multiply, extensively and pan-antibiotic resistant belong to two globally disseminated clones, GC1 and GC2, that were first noticed in the 1970s. Here, we investigated microevolution and phylodynamics within GC1 via analysis of 45 whole-genome sequences, including 23 sequenced for this study. The most recent common ancestor of GC1 arose around 1960 and later diverged into two phylogenetically distinct lineages. In the 1970s, the main lineage acquired the AbaR resistance island, conferring resistance to older antibiotics, via a horizontal gene transfer event. We estimate a mutation rate of ∼5 SNPs genome- 1 year- 1 and detected extensive recombination within GC1 genomes, introducing nucleotide diversity into the population at >20 times the substitution rate (the ratio of SNPs introduced by recombination compared with mutation was 22). The recombination events were non-randomly distributed in the genome and created significant diversity within loci encoding outer surface molecules (including the capsular polysaccharide, the outer core lipooligosaccharide and the outer membrane protein CarO), and spread antimicrobial resistance-conferring mutations affecting the gyrA and parC genes and insertion sequence insertions activating the ampC gene. Both GC1 lineages accumulated resistance to newer antibiotics through various genetic mechanisms, including the acquisition of plasmids and transposons or mutations in chromosomal genes. Our data show that GC1 has diversified into multiple successful extensively antibiotic-resistant subclones that differ in their surface structures. This has important implications for all avenues of control, including epidemiological tracking, antimicrobial therapy and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Holt
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Johanna J. Kenyon
- School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mohammad Hamidian
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark B. Schultz
- Centre for Systems Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Gordon Dougan
- Wellcome Sanger Trust Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruth Hall
- School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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46
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Shashkov AS, Senchenkova SN, Popova AV, Mei Z, Shneider MM, Liu B, Miroshnikov KA, Volozhantsev NV, Knirel YA. Revised structure of the capsular polysaccharide of Acinetobacter baumannii LUH5533 (serogroup O1) containing di-N-acetyllegionaminic acid. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1000-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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47
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Shashkov AS, Kenyon JJ, Senchenkova SN, Shneider MM, Popova AV, Arbatsky NP, Miroshnikov KA, Volozhantsev NV, Hall RM, Knirel YA. Acinetobacter baumanniiK27 and K44 capsular polysaccharides have the same K unit but different structures due to the presence of distinctwzygenes in otherwise closely related K gene clusters. Glycobiology 2015; 26:501-8. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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48
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Genome Sequence of Acinetobacter baumannii Strain D36, an Antibiotic-Resistant Isolate from Lineage 2 of Global Clone 1. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/6/e01478-15. [PMID: 26679588 PMCID: PMC4683233 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01478-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiply antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolate D36 was recovered in Australia in 2008 and belongs to a distinct lineage of global clone 1 (GC1). Here, we present the complete 4.13 Mbp genome sequence (chromosome plus 4 plasmids), generated via long read sequencing (PacBio).
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49
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Giguère D. Surface polysaccharides from Acinetobacter baumannii : Structures and syntheses. Carbohydr Res 2015; 418:29-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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50
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Shashkov AS, Kenyon JJ, Arbatsky NP, Shneider MM, Popova AV, Miroshnikov KA, Volozhantsev NV, Knirel YA. Structures of three different neutral polysaccharides of Acinetobacter baumannii, NIPH190, NIPH201, and NIPH615, assigned to K30, K45, and K48 capsule types, respectively, based on capsule biosynthesis gene clusters. Carbohydr Res 2015; 417:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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