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Chang W, Chen L, Chen K. The bioengineering application of hyaluronic acid in tissue regeneration and repair. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132454. [PMID: 38763255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The multifaceted role of hyaluronic acid (HA) across diverse biomedical disciplines underscores its versatility in tissue regeneration and repair. HA hydrogels employ different crosslinking including chemical (chitosan, collagen), photo- initiation (riboflavin, LAP), enzymatic (HRP/H2O2), and physical interactions (hydrogen bonds, metal coordination). In biophysics and biochemistry, HA's signaling pathways, primarily through CD44 and RHAMM receptors, modulate cell behavior (cell migration; internalization of HA), inflammation, and wound healing. Particularly, smaller HA fragments stimulate inflammatory responses through toll-like receptors, impacting macrophages and cytokine expression. HA's implications in oncology highlight its involvement in tumor progression, metastasis, and treatment. Elevated HA in tumor stroma impacts apoptosis resistance and promotes tumor growth, presenting potential therapeutic targets to halt tumor progression. In orthopedics, HA's presence in synovial fluid aids in osteoarthritis management, as its supplementation alleviates pain, enhances synovial fluid's viscoelastic properties, and promotes cartilage integrity. In ophthalmology, HA's application in dry eye syndrome addresses symptoms by moisturizing the eyes, replenishing tear film deficiencies, and facilitating wound healing. Intravitreal injections and hydrogel-based systems offer versatile approaches for drug delivery and vitreous humor replacement. For skin regeneration and wound healing, HA hydrogel dressings exhibit exceptional properties by promoting moist wound healing and facilitating tissue repair. Integration of advanced regenerative tools like stem cells and solubilized amnion membranes into HA-based systems accelerates wound closure and tissue recovery. Overall, HA's unique properties and interactions render it a promising candidate across diverse biomedical domains, showcasing immense potentials in tissue regeneration and therapeutic interventions. Nevertheless, many detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms of HA and its applications remain unexplored and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- WeiTing Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - LiRu Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National YangMing ChiaoTung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - KuoHu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Wei M, Huang Y, Zhu J, Qiao Y, Xiao N, Jin M, Gao H, Huang Y, Hu X, Li O. Advances in hyaluronic acid production: Biosynthesis and genetic engineering strategies based on Streptococcus - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132334. [PMID: 38744368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), which is a highly versatile glycosaminoglycan, is widely applied across the fields of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. It is primary produced through Streptococcus fermentation, but the product presents inherent challenges concerning consistency and potential pathogenicity. However, recent strides in molecular biology have paved the way for genetic engineering, which facilitates the creation of high-yield, nonpathogenic strains adept at synthesizing HA with specific molecular weights. This comprehensive review extensively explores the molecular biology underpinning pivotal HA synthase genes, which elucidates the intricate mechanisms governing HA synthesis. Moreover, it delineates various strategies employed in engineering HA-producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Junyuan Zhu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Yufan Qiao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Na Xiao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Mengying Jin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Han Gao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Yitie Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Xiufang Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Ou Li
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China.
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Cohan RA, Keramati M, Afshari E, Parsian P, Ahani R, Ebrahimi T. Evaluation of transmembrane domain deletions on hyaluronic acid polymerization of hyaluronan synthase isolated from Streptococcus equisimilis group G. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:227. [PMID: 37326689 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The membrane enzyme of hyaluronan synthase (HAS) is the key enzyme in hyaluronic acid (HA) biosynthesis by coupling UDP-sugars. Prior studies proposed the C-terminus region of HAS enzyme mediates the production rate and molecular weight of HA. The current study describes the isolation and characterizations of a transmembrane HAS enzyme isolated from Streptococcus equisimilis Group G (GGS-HAS) in vitro. The effect of transmembrane domains (TMDs) on HA productivity was determined and the shortest active variant was also identified by recombinant expression of full-length and five truncated forms of GGS-HAS in Escherichia coli. We found that the GGS-HAS enzyme is longer than that of S. equisimilis group C (GCS-HAS) which includes three more residues (LER) at the C-terminus region (positions 418-420) and also one-point mutation at position 120 (E120D). Amino acid sequence alignment demonstrated 98% and 71% identity of GGS-HAS with that of S. equisimilis Group C and S. pyogenes Group A, respectively. The in vitro productivity of the full-length enzyme was 35.57 µg/nmol, however, extended TMD deletions led to a reduction in the HA productivity. The HAS-123 variant showed the highest activity among the truncated forms, indicating the essential role of first, second, and third TMDs for the full activity. Despite a decline in activity, the intracellular variant can still mediate the binding and polymerization of HA without any need for TMDs. This significant finding suggests that the intracellular domain is the core for HA biosynthesis in the enzyme and other domains are probably involved in other attributes including the enzyme kinetics that affect the size distribution of the polymer. However, more investigations on the recombinant forms are still needed to confirm clearly the role of each transmembrane domain on these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ahangari Cohan
- Nanobiotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Keramati
- Nanobiotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elnaz Afshari
- Nanobiotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parsa Parsian
- Nanobiotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Ahani
- Nanobiotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Ebrahimi
- Nanobiotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
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Liu K, Guo L, Chen X, Liu L, Gao C. Microbial synthesis of glycosaminoglycans and their oligosaccharides. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:369-383. [PMID: 36517300 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Compared with chemical synthesis and tissue extraction methods, microbial synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is attractive because of the advantages of eco-friendly processes, production safety, and sustainable development. However, boosting the efficiency of microbial cell factories, precisely regulating GAG molecular weights, and rationally controlling the sulfation degree of GAGs remain challenging. To address these issues, various strategies, including genetic, enzymatic, metabolic, and fermentation engineering, have been developed. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the construction of efficient GAG-producing microbial cell factories, regulation of the molecular weight of GAGs, and modification of GAG chains. Moreover, future studies, remaining challenges, and potential solutions in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Cong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Amjad Zanjani FS, Afrasiabi S, Norouzian D, Ahmadian G, Hosseinzadeh SA, Fayazi Barjin A, Cohan RA, Keramati M. Hyaluronic acid production and characterization by novel Bacillus subtilis harboring truncated Hyaluronan Synthase. AMB Express 2022; 12:88. [PMID: 35821141 PMCID: PMC9445140 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic Acid (HA) is a natural biopolymer that has important physiological and industrial applications due to its viscoelastic and hydrophilic characteristics. The responsible enzyme for HA production is Hyaluronan synthase (HAS). Although in vitro structure–function of intact HAS enzyme has been partly identified, there is no data on in vivo function of truncated HAS forms. In the current study, novel recombinant Bacillus subtilis strains harboring full length (RBSFA) and truncated forms of SeHAS (RBSTr4 and RBSTr3) were developed and HA production was studied in terms of titer, production rate and molecular weight (Mw). The maximum HA titer for RBSFA, RBSTr4 and RBSTr3 was 602 ± 16.6, 503 ± 19.4 and 728 ± 22.9 mg/L, respectively. Also, the HA production rate was 20.02, 15.90 and 24.42 mg/L.h−1, respectively. The findings revealed that RBSTr3 produced 121% and 137% more HA rather than RBSFA and RBSTr4, respectively. More interestingly, the HA Mw was about 60 kDa for all strains which is much smaller than those obtained in prior studies. The strains containing truncated forms of SeHAS enzysme are able to produce HA. The HA from all recombinant strains was the same and low Mw. Deletion of C-terminal region of SeHAS was not effective on Mw.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shadi Afrasiabi
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Norouzian
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ahmadian
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ali Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Fayazi Barjin
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahangari Cohan
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Malihe Keramati
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Parnigoni A, Viola M, Karousou E, Rovera S, Giaroni C, Passi A, Vigetti D. ROLE OF HYALURONAN IN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF VASCULAR1 ENDOTHELIAL AND SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C505-C519. [PMID: 35759431 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00061.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the main components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the blood vessel is hyaluronic acid or hyaluronan (HA). It is a ubiquitous polysaccharide belonging to the family of glycosaminoglycans, but, differently from other proteoglycan-associated glycosaminoglycans, it is synthesized on the plasma membrane by a family of three HA synthases (HAS). HA can be released as a free polymer in the extracellular space or remain associated with the membrane in the pericellular space via HAS or via binding proteins. In fact, several cell surface proteins can interact with HA working as HA receptors like CD44, RHAMM, and LYVE-1. In physiological conditions, HA is localized in the glycocalyx and in the adventitia and is responsible for the loose and hydrated vascular structure favoring flexibility and allowing the stretching of vessels in response to mechanical forces. During atherogenesis, ECM undergoes dramatic alterations which have a crucial role in lipoprotein retention and in triggering multiple signaling cascades that wake up cells from their quiescent status. HA becomes highly present in the media and neointima favoring smooth muscle cells dedifferentiation, migration, and proliferation that strongly contribute to vessel wall thickening. Further, HA is able to modulate immune cell recruitment both within the vessel wall and on the endothelial cell layer. This review is focused on the effects of HA on vascular cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Parnigoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Manuela Viola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Evgenia Karousou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Simona Rovera
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Takabe P, Siiskonen H, Rönkä A, Kainulainen K, Pasonen-Seppänen S. The Impact of Hyaluronan on Tumor Progression in Cutaneous Melanoma. Front Oncol 2022; 11:811434. [PMID: 35127523 PMCID: PMC8813769 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.811434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cutaneous melanoma is rapidly increasing worldwide. Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer, which originates from malignant transformation of pigment producing melanocytes. The main risk factor for melanoma is ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and thus it often arises from highly sun-exposed skin areas and is characterized by a high mutational burden. In addition to melanoma-associated mutations such as BRAF, NRAS, PTEN and cell cycle regulators, the expansion of melanoma is affected by the extracellular matrix surrounding the tumor together with immune cells. In the early phases of the disease, hyaluronan is the major matrix component in cutaneous melanoma microenvironment. It is a high-molecular weight polysaccharide involved in several physiological and pathological processes. Hyaluronan is involved in the inflammatory reactions associated with UV radiation but its role in melanomagenesis is still unclear. Although abundant hyaluronan surrounds epidermal and dermal cells in normal skin and benign nevi, its content is further elevated in dysplastic lesions and local tumors. At this stage hyaluronan matrix may act as a protective barrier against melanoma progression, or alternatively against immune cell attack. While in advanced melanoma, the content of hyaluronan decreases due to altered synthesis and degradation, and this correlates with poor prognosis. This review focuses on hyaluronan matrix in cutaneous melanoma and how the changes in hyaluronan metabolism affect the progression of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piia Takabe
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna Siiskonen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aino Rönkä
- Department of Oncology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Kainulainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna Pasonen-Seppänen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- *Correspondence: Sanna Pasonen-Seppänen,
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Chanthick C, Thongboonkerd V. Hyaluronic acid promotes calcium oxalate crystal growth, crystal-cell adhesion, and crystal invasion through extracellular matrix. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 80:105320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tsitrina AA, Krasylov IV, Maltsev DI, Andreichenko IN, Moskvina VS, Ivankov DN, Bulgakova EV, Nesterchuk M, Shashkovskaya V, Dashenkova NO, Khilya VP, Mikaelyan A, Kotelevtsev Y. Inhibition of hyaluronan secretion by novel coumarin compounds and chitin synthesis inhibitors. Glycobiology 2021; 31:959-974. [PMID: 33978736 PMCID: PMC8434796 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma levels of hyaluronic acid (HA) is a disease marker in liver pathology and other inflammatory disorders. Inhibition of HA synthesis with coumarin 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) has a beneficial effect in animal models of fibrosis, inflammation, cancer and metabolic syndrome. 4MU is an active compound of approved choleretic drug hymecromone with low bioavailability and a broad spectrum of action. New, more specific and efficient inhibitors of hyaluronan synthases (HAS) are required. We have tested several newly synthesized coumarin compounds and commercial chitin synthesis inhibitors to inhibit HA production in cell culture assay. Coumarin derivative compound VII (10'-methyl-6'-phenyl-3'H-spiro[piperidine-4,2'-pyrano[3,2-g]chromene]-4',8'-dione) demonstrated inhibition of HA secretion by NIH3T3 cells with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 1.69 ± 0.75 μΜ superior to 4MU (IC50 = 8.68 ± 1.6 μΜ). Inhibitors of chitin synthesis, etoxazole, buprofezin, triflumuron, reduced HA deposition with IC50 of 4.21 ± 3.82 μΜ, 1.24 ± 0.87 μΜ and 1.48 ± 1.44 μΜ, respectively. Etoxazole reduced HA production and prevented collagen fibre formation in the CCl4 liver fibrosis model in mice similar to 4MU. Bioinformatics analysis revealed homology between chitin synthases and HAS enzymes, particularly in the pore-forming domain, containing the proposed site for etoxazole binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A Tsitrina
- Laboratory of problems of regeneration, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor V Krasylov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmitry I Maltsev
- Laboratory of problems of regeneration, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina N Andreichenko
- Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktoria S Moskvina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmitry N Ivankov
- Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Bulgakova
- Laboratory of problems of regeneration, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Nesterchuk
- Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera Shashkovskaya
- Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya O Dashenkova
- Laboratory of problems of regeneration, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Khilya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Arsen Mikaelyan
- Laboratory of problems of regeneration, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Kotelevtsev
- Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration and Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143025 Moscow, Russia
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Sikkema R, Keohan B, Zhitomirsky I. Hyaluronic-Acid-Based Organic-Inorganic Composites for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4982. [PMID: 34501070 PMCID: PMC8434239 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Applications of natural hyaluronic acid (HYH) for the fabrication of organic-inorganic composites for biomedical applications are described. Such composites combine unique functional properties of HYH with functional properties of hydroxyapatite, various bioceramics, bioglass, biocements, metal nanoparticles, and quantum dots. Functional properties of advanced composite gels, scaffold materials, cements, particles, films, and coatings are described. Benefiting from the synergy of properties of HYH and inorganic components, advanced composites provide a platform for the development of new drug delivery materials. Many advanced properties of composites are attributed to the ability of HYH to promote biomineralization. Properties of HYH are a key factor for the development of colloidal and electrochemical methods for the fabrication of films and protective coatings for surface modification of biomedical implants and the development of advanced biosensors. Overcoming limitations of traditional materials, HYH is used as a biocompatible capping, dispersing, and structure-directing agent for the synthesis of functional inorganic materials and composites. Gel-forming properties of HYH enable a facile and straightforward approach to the fabrication of antimicrobial materials in different forms. Of particular interest are applications of HYH for the fabrication of biosensors. This review summarizes manufacturing strategies and mechanisms and outlines future trends in the development of functional biocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Igor Zhitomirsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L7, Canada; (R.S.); (B.K.)
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Kong CS, Ordoñez AA, Turner S, Tremaine T, Muter J, Lucas ES, Salisbury E, Vassena R, Tiscornia G, Fouladi-Nashta AA, Hartshorne G, Brosens JJ, Brighton PJ. Embryo biosensing by uterine natural killer cells determines endometrial fate decisions at implantation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21336. [PMID: 33749894 PMCID: PMC8251835 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002217r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Decidualizing endometrial stromal cells (EnSC) critically determine the maternal response to an implanting conceptus, triggering either menstruation-like disposal of low-fitness embryos or creating an environment that promotes further development. However, the mechanism that couples maternal recognition of low-quality embryos to tissue breakdown remains poorly understood. Recently, we demonstrated that successful transition of the cycling endometrium to a pregnancy state requires selective elimination of pro-inflammatory senescent decidual cells by activated uterine natural killer (uNK) cells. Here we report that uNK cells express CD44, the canonical hyaluronan (HA) receptor, and demonstrate that high molecular weight HA (HMWHA) inhibits uNK cell-mediated killing of senescent decidual cells. In contrast, low molecular weight HA (LMWHA) did not attenuate uNK cell activity in co-culture experiments. Killing of senescent decidual cells by uNK cells was also inhibited upon exposure to medium conditioned by IVF embryos that failed to implant, but not successful embryos. Embryo-mediated inhibition of uNK cell activity was reversed by recombinant hyaluronidase 2 (HYAL2), which hydrolyses HMWHA. We further report a correlation between the levels of HYAL2 secretion by human blastocysts, morphological scores, and implantation potential. Taken together, the data suggest a pivotal role for uNK cells in embryo biosensing and endometrial fate decisions at implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chow-Seng Kong
- Centre for Early Life, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Sarah Turner
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Tina Tremaine
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
| | - Joanne Muter
- Centre for Early Life, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Emma S Lucas
- Centre for Early Life, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Emma Salisbury
- Centre for Early Life, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | | | - Ali A Fouladi-Nashta
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK
| | - Geraldine Hartshorne
- Centre for Early Life, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Centre for Reproductive Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Jan J Brosens
- Centre for Early Life, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Tommy's National Centre for Miscarriage Research, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Paul J Brighton
- Centre for Early Life, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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12
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Pasomboon P, Chumnanpuen P, E-Kobon T. Comparison of Hyaluronic Acid Biosynthetic Genes From Different Strains of Pasteurella multocida. Bioinform Biol Insights 2021; 15:11779322211027406. [PMID: 34220200 PMCID: PMC8221702 DOI: 10.1177/11779322211027406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida produces a capsule composed of different polysaccharides according to the capsular serotype (A, B, D, E, and F). Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a component of certain capsular types of this bacterium, especially capsular type A. Previously, 2 HA biosynthetic genes from a capsular type A strain were studied for the industrial-scale improvement of HA production. Molecular comparison of these genes across different capsular serotypes of P multocida has not been reported. This study aimed to compare 8 HA biosynthetic genes (pgi, pgm, galU, hyaC, glmS, glmM, glmU, and hyaD) of 22 P multocida strains (A:B:D:F = 6:6:6:4) with those of other organisms using sequence and structural bioinformatics analyses. These 8 genes showed a high level of within-species similarity (98%-99%) compared with other organisms. Only the last gene of 4 strains with capsular type F (HN07, PM70, HNF01, and HNF02) significantly differed from those of other strains (82%). Analysis of amino acid patterns together with phylogenetic results showed that the HA biosynthetic genes of the type A were closely related within the group. The genes in the capsular type F strain were notably similar to those of the capsular type A strain. Protein structural analysis supported structural similarities of the encoded enzymes between the strains of capsular types A, B, D, and F, except for the Pgm, GlmS, GlmU, and HyaD proteins. Our bioinformatics analytic workflow proposed that variations observed within these genes could be useful for genetic engineering–based improvement of hyaluronic acid–producing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pailin Pasomboon
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pramote Chumnanpuen
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teerasak E-Kobon
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, Thailand
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13
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Johnson LA, Banerji S, Lagerholm BC, Jackson DG. Dendritic cell entry to lymphatic capillaries is orchestrated by CD44 and the hyaluronan glycocalyx. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/5/e202000908. [PMID: 33687996 PMCID: PMC8008951 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44 anchors the hyaluronan glycocalyx on migrating dendritic cells to permit docking to the endothelial receptor LYVE-1, thus orchestrating lymphatic trafficking through modulating glycocalyx density. DCs play a vital role in immunity by conveying antigens from peripheral tissues to draining lymph nodes, through afferent lymphatic vessels. Critical to the process is initial docking to the lymphatic endothelial receptor LYVE-1 via its ligand hyaluronan on the DC surface. How this relatively weak binding polymer is configured for specific adhesion to LYVE-1, however, is unknown. Here, we show that hyaluronan is anchored and spatially organized into a 400–500 nm dense glycocalyx by the leukocyte receptor CD44. Using gene knockout and by modulating CD44-hyaluronan interactions with monoclonal antibodies in vitro and in a mouse model of oxazolone-induced skin inflammation, we demonstrate that CD44 is required for DC adhesion and transmigration across lymphatic endothelium. In addition, we present evidence that CD44 can dynamically control the density of the hyaluronan glycocalyx, regulating the efficiency of DC trafficking to lymph nodes. Our findings define a previously unrecognized role for CD44 in lymphatic trafficking and highlight the importance of the CD44:HA:LYVE-1 axis in its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Johnson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suneale Banerji
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - B Christoffer Lagerholm
- Wolfson Imaging Centre Oxford, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David G Jackson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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14
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Karamanos NK, Theocharis AD, Piperigkou Z, Manou D, Passi A, Skandalis SS, Vynios DH, Orian-Rousseau V, Ricard-Blum S, Schmelzer CEH, Duca L, Durbeej M, Afratis NA, Troeberg L, Franchi M, Masola V, Onisto M. A guide to the composition and functions of the extracellular matrix. FEBS J 2021; 288:6850-6912. [PMID: 33605520 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic 3-dimensional network of macromolecules that provides structural support for the cells and tissues. Accumulated knowledge clearly demonstrated over the last decade that ECM plays key regulatory roles since it orchestrates cell signaling, functions, properties and morphology. Extracellularly secreted as well as cell-bound factors are among the major members of the ECM family. Proteins/glycoproteins, such as collagens, elastin, laminins and tenascins, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronan, and their cell receptors such as CD44 and integrins, responsible for cell adhesion, comprise a well-organized functional network with significant roles in health and disease. On the other hand, enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases and specific glycosidases including heparanase and hyaluronidases contribute to matrix remodeling and affect human health. Several cell processes and functions, among them cell proliferation and survival, migration, differentiation, autophagy, angiogenesis, and immunity regulation are affected by certain matrix components. Structural alterations have been also well associated with disease progression. This guide on the composition and functions of the ECM gives a broad overview of the matrisome, the major ECM macromolecules, and their interaction networks within the ECM and with the cell surface, summarizes their main structural features and their roles in tissue organization and cell functions, and emphasizes the importance of specific ECM constituents in disease development and progression as well as the advances in molecular targeting of ECM to design new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitra Manou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Demitrios H Vynios
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Véronique Orian-Rousseau
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems- Functional Molecular Systems, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- University of Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Christian E H Schmelzer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Laurent Duca
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Team 2: Matrix Aging and Vascular Remodelling, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France
| | - Madeleine Durbeej
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Muscle Biology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Nikolaos A Afratis
- Department Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich, UK
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Study, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Onisto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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15
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Sapudom J, Müller CD, Nguyen KT, Martin S, Anderegg U, Pompe T. Matrix Remodeling and Hyaluronan Production by Myofibroblasts and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in 3D Collagen Matrices. Gels 2020; 6:E33. [PMID: 33008082 PMCID: PMC7709683 DOI: 10.3390/gels6040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a key modulator in cancer progression and has become a novel target in cancer therapy. An increase in hyaluronan (HA) accumulation and metabolism can be found in advancing tumor progression and are often associated with aggressive malignancy, drug resistance and poor prognosis. Wound-healing related myofibroblasts or activated cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are assumed to be the major sources of HA. Both cell types are capable to synthesize new matrix components as well as reorganize the extracellular matrix. However, to which extent myofibroblasts and CAF perform these actions are still unclear. In this work, we investigated the matrix remodeling and HA production potential in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHFB) and CAF in the absence and presence of transforming growth factor beta -1 (TGF-β1), with TGF-β1 being a major factor of regulating fibroblast differentiation. Three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrix was utilized to mimic the extracellular matrix of the tumor microenvironment. We found that CAF appeared to response insensitively towards TGF-β1 in terms of cell proliferation and matrix remodeling when compared to NHFB. In regards of HA production, we found that both cell types were capable to produce matrix bound HA, rather than a soluble counterpart, in response to TGF-β1. However, activated CAF demonstrated higher HA production when compared to myofibroblasts. The average molecular weight of produced HA was found in the range of 480 kDa for both cells. By analyzing gene expression of HA metabolizing enzymes, namely hyaluronan synthase (HAS1-3) and hyaluronidase (HYAL1-3) isoforms, we found expression of specific isoforms in dependence of TGF-β1 present in both cells. In addition, HAS2 and HYAL1 are highly expressed in CAF, which might contribute to a higher production and degradation of HA in CAF matrix. Overall, our results suggested a distinct behavior of NHFB and CAF in 3D collagen matrices in the presence of TGF-β1 in terms of matrix remodeling and HA production pointing to a specific impact on tumor modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiranuwat Sapudom
- Laboratory for Immuno Bioengineering Research and Applications, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, UAE
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.D.M.); (S.M.); (T.P.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.-T.N.); (U.A.)
| | - Claudia Damaris Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.D.M.); (S.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Khiet-Tam Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.-T.N.); (U.A.)
| | - Steve Martin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.D.M.); (S.M.); (T.P.)
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (K.-T.N.); (U.A.)
| | - Tilo Pompe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.D.M.); (S.M.); (T.P.)
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16
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Sánchez N, González-Ramírez MC, Contreras EG, Ubilla A, Li J, Valencia A, Wilson A, Green JBA, Tucker AS, Gaete M. Balance Between Tooth Size and Tooth Number Is Controlled by Hyaluronan. Front Physiol 2020; 11:996. [PMID: 32982773 PMCID: PMC7476214 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While the function of proteins and genes has been widely studied during vertebrate development, relatively little work has addressed the role of carbohydrates. Hyaluronan (HA), also known as hyaluronic acid, is an abundant carbohydrate in embryonic tissues and is the main structural component of the extracellular matrix of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. HA is able to absorb large quantities of water and can signal by binding to cell-surface receptors. During organ development and regeneration, HA has been shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell shape, and migration. Here, we have investigated the function of HA during molar tooth development in mice, in which, similar to humans, new molars sequentially bud off from a pre-existing molar. Using an ex vivo approach, we found that inhibiting HA synthesis in culture leads to a significant increase in proliferation and subsequent size of the developing molar, while the formation of sequential molars was inhibited. By cell shape analysis, we observed that inhibition of HA synthesis caused an elongation and reorientation of the major cell axes, indicating that disruption to cellular orientation and shape may underlie the observed phenotype. Lineage tracing demonstrated the retention of cells in the developing first molar (M1) at the expense of the generation of a second molar (M2). Our results highlight a novel role for HA in controlling proliferation, cell orientation, and migration in the developing tooth, impacting cellular decisions regarding tooth size and number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sánchez
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Angélica Ubilla
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jingjing Li
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anyeli Valencia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Wilson
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jeremy B A Green
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcia Gaete
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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17
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Wang Y, Hu L, Huang H, Wang H, Zhang T, Chen J, Du G, Kang Z. Eliminating the capsule-like layer to promote glucose uptake for hyaluronan production by engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3120. [PMID: 32561727 PMCID: PMC7305114 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16962-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan is widely used in cosmetics and pharmaceutics. Development of robust and safe cell factories and cultivation approaches to efficiently produce hyaluronan is of many interests. Here, we describe the metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum and application of a fermentation strategy to manufacture hyaluronan with different molecular weights. C. glutamicum is engineered by combinatorial overexpression of type I hyaluronan synthase, enzymes of intermediate metabolic pathways and attenuation of extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis. The engineered strain produces 34.2 g L−1 hyaluronan in fed-batch cultures. We find secreted hyaluronan encapsulates C. glutamicum, changes its cell morphology and inhibits metabolism. Disruption of the encapsulation with leech hyaluronidase restores metabolism and leads to hyper hyaluronan productions of 74.1 g L−1. Meanwhile, the molecular weight of hyaluronan is also highly tunable. These results demonstrate combinatorial optimization of cell factories and the extracellular environment is efficacious and likely applicable for the production of other biopolymers. Bioproduction of hyaluronan needs increases in yield and greater diversity of the molecular weights. Here, the author increases hyaluronan production and diversifies the molecular weights through engineering the hyaluronan biosynthesis pathway and disruption of Corynebacterium glutamicum encapsulation caused by secreted hyaluronan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Litao Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | | | - Jian Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhen Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China.
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18
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Modulation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Transcriptome by G-CSF Stimulation. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:5045124. [PMID: 32148519 PMCID: PMC7044478 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5045124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) exhibit multidifferentiation potential, paralleled with immunomodulatory and trophic properties that make them viable alternative tools for the treatment of degenerative disorders, allograft rejection, autoimmune diseases, and tissue regeneration. MSC functional attributes can be modulated by exposing them to inflammatory-stimulating microenvironments (i.e., priming) before their therapeutic use. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a cytokine that plays key roles in immune response and hematopoiesis modulation through direct effects on hematopoietic progenitors' proliferation, survival, and mobilization. Despite the established roles of MSCs supporting hematopoiesis, the effects of G-CSF on MSCs biology have not been thoroughly explored. This study reveals that G-CSF has also direct effects on adipose-derived MSCs (ADSCs), modulating their functions. Herein, microarray-based transcriptomic analysis shows that G-CSF stimulation in vitro results in modulation of various signaling pathways including ones related with the metabolism of hyaluronan (HA), conferring a profile of cell mobilization to ADSCs, mediated in a cell-intrinsic fashion in part by reducing CD44 expression and HA synthesis-related genes. Collectively, these data suggest a direct modulatory effect of G-CSF on ADSC function, potentially altering their therapeutic capacity and thus the design of future clinical protocols.
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19
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Wang G, Tiemeier GL, van den Berg BM, Rabelink TJ. Endothelial Glycocalyx Hyaluronan: Regulation and Role in Prevention of Diabetic Complications. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:781-790. [PMID: 32035886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx is critically involved in vascular integrity and homeostasis, by regulating vascular permeability, regulating mechanotransduction, and reducing inflammation and coagulation. The turnover of the glycocalyx is dynamic to fine-tune these processes. This is in particular true for its main structural component, hyaluronan (HA). Degradation and shedding of the glycocalyx by enzymes, such as hyaluronidase 1 and hyaluronidase 2, are responsible for regulation of the glycocalyx thickness and hence access of circulating cells and factors to the endothelial cell membrane and its receptors. This degradation process will at the same time also allow for resynthesis and adaptive chemical modification of the glycocalyx. The (re)synthesis of HA is dependent on the availability of its sugar substrates, thus linking glycocalyx biology directly to cellular glucose metabolism. It is therefore of particular interest to consider the consequences of dysregulated cellular glucose in diabetes for glycocalyx biology and its implications for endothelial function. This review summarizes the metabolic regulation of endothelial glycocalyx HA and its potential as a therapeutic target in diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangqi Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gesa L Tiemeier
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bernard M van den Berg
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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20
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Caon I, Bartolini B, Moretto P, Parnigoni A, Caravà E, Vitale DL, Alaniz L, Viola M, Karousou E, De Luca G, Hascall VC, Passi A, Vigetti D. Sirtuin 1 reduces hyaluronan synthase 2 expression by inhibiting nuclear translocation of NF-κB and expression of the long-noncoding RNA HAS2-AS1. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3485-3496. [PMID: 31932306 PMCID: PMC7076221 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is one of the most prevalent glycosaminoglycans of the vascular extracellular matrix (ECM). Abnormal HA accumulation within blood vessel walls is associated with tissue inflammation and is prominent in most vascular pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis and restenosis. Hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) is the main hyaluronan synthase enzyme involved in HA synthesis and uses cytosolic UDP-glucuronic acid and UDP-GlcNAc as substrates. The synthesis of UDP-glucuronic acid can alter the NAD+/NADH ratio via the enzyme UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, which oxidizes the alcohol group at C6 to the COO- group. Here, we show that HAS2 expression can be modulated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), the master metabolic sensor of the cell, belonging to the class of NAD+-dependent deacetylases. Our results revealed the following. 1) Treatments of human aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs) with SIRT1 activators (SRT1720 and resveratrol) inhibit both HAS2 expression and accumulation of pericellular HA coats. 2) Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) induced HA-mediated monocyte adhesion and AoSMC migration, whereas SIRT1 activation prevented immune cell recruitment and cell motility by reducing the expression levels of the receptor for HA-mediated motility, RHAMM, and the HA-binding protein TNF-stimulated gene 6 protein (TSG6). 3) SIRT1 activation prevented nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65), which, in turn, reduced the levels of HAS2-AS1, a long-noncoding RNA that epigenetically controls HAS2 mRNA expression. In conclusion, we demonstrate that both HAS2 expression and HA accumulation by AoSMCs are down-regulated by the metabolic sensor SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Caon
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria via J. H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Barbara Bartolini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria via J. H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Paola Moretto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria via J. H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Arianna Parnigoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria via J. H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Elena Caravà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria via J. H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Daiana L Vitale
- Laboratorio de Microambiente Tumoral, Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As., Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. (CIT NOBA UNNOBA-CONICET), B6000, Junín, Argentina
| | - Laura Alaniz
- Laboratorio de Microambiente Tumoral, Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As., Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Pcia. de Bs. As. (CIT NOBA UNNOBA-CONICET), B6000, Junín, Argentina
| | - Manuela Viola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria via J. H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Evgenia Karousou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria via J. H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giancarlo De Luca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria via J. H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- Lerner Research Institute, ND20, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria via J. H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria via J. H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy.
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21
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Wang G, Kostidis S, Tiemeier GL, Sol WMPJ, de Vries MR, Giera M, Carmeliet P, van den Berg BM, Rabelink TJ. Shear Stress Regulation of Endothelial Glycocalyx Structure Is Determined by Glucobiosynthesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 40:350-364. [PMID: 31826652 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial cells exposed to laminar shear stress express a thick glycocalyx on their surface that plays an important role in reducing vascular permeability and endothelial anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and antiangiogenic properties. Production and maintenance of this glycocalyx layer is dependent on cellular carbohydrate synthesis, but its regulation is still unknown. Approach and Results: Here, we show that biosynthesis of the major structural component of the endothelial glycocalyx, hyaluronan, is regulated by shear. Both in vitro as well as in in vivo, hyaluronan expression on the endothelial surface is increased on laminar shear and reduced when exposed to oscillatory flow, which is regulated by KLF2 (Krüppel-like Factor 2). Using a CRISPR-CAS9 edited small tetracysteine tag to endogenous HAS2 (hyaluronan synthase 2), we demonstrated increased translocation of HAS2 to the endothelial cell membrane during laminar shear. Hyaluronan production by HAS2 was shown to be further driven by availability of the hyaluronan substrates UDP-glucosamine and UDP-glucuronic acid. KLF2 inhibits endothelial glycolysis and allows for glucose intermediates to shuttle into the hexosamine- and glucuronic acid biosynthesis pathways, as measured using nuclear magnetic resonance analysis in combination with 13C-labeled glucose. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate how endothelial glycocalyx function and functional adaptation to shear is coupled to KLF2-mediated regulation of endothelial glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangqi Wang
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (G.W., G.L.T., W.M.P.J.S., B.M.v.d.B., T.J.R.), The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Sarantos Kostidis
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (S.K., M.G.)
| | - Gesa L Tiemeier
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (G.W., G.L.T., W.M.P.J.S., B.M.v.d.B., T.J.R.), The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Wendy M P J Sol
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (G.W., G.L.T., W.M.P.J.S., B.M.v.d.B., T.J.R.), The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Margreet R de Vries
- Department of Surgery (M.R.d.V.), The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (S.K., M.G.)
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, KU Leuven, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Belgium (P.C.).,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium (P.C.)
| | - Bernard M van den Berg
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (G.W., G.L.T., W.M.P.J.S., B.M.v.d.B., T.J.R.), The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (G.W., G.L.T., W.M.P.J.S., B.M.v.d.B., T.J.R.), The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
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22
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The possible role of basic fibroblast growth factor in dental pulp. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 109:104574. [PMID: 31585238 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are growth factors that play an important role in tooth development, repair, and regeneration. Of the FGF families, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been the most frequently investigated in dentistry. Numerous studies have reported advantages of bFGF, while others did not find any additional benefit. This review gives a comprehensive summary of the potential role of bFGF in dental pulp wound healing and regeneration in connection with cell proliferation and differentiation, angiogenesis, and neural differentiation from both in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, the possible underlying mechanisms associated with bFGF in promoting dental pulp wound healing are discussed in this review.
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23
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Dysregulation of Hyaluronan Homeostasis During White Matter Injury. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:672-683. [PMID: 31542857 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02879-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the extra cellular matrix (ECM) comprises a major proportion of the CNS parenchyma, new roles for the ECM in regeneration and repair responses to CNS injury have only recently been appreciated. The ECM undergoes extensive remodeling following injury to the developing or mature CNS in disorders that -include perinatal hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury, multiple sclerosis and age-related vascular dementia. Here we focus on recently described mechanisms involving hyaluronan (HA), which negatively impact myelin repair after cerebral white matter injury. Injury induced depolymerization of hyaluronan (HA)-a component of the neural ECM-can inhibit myelin repair through the actions of specific sizes of HA fragments. These bioactive fragments selectively block the maturation of late oligodendrocyte progenitors via an immune tolerance-like pathway that suppresses pro-myelination signaling. We highlight emerging new pathophysiological roles of the neural ECM, particularly of those played by HA fragments (HAf) after injury and discuss strategies to promoter repair and regeneration of chronic myelination failure.
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24
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Agarwal G, K V K, Prasad SB, Bhaduri A, Jayaraman G. Biosynthesis of Hyaluronic acid polymer: Dissecting the role of sub structural elements of hyaluronan synthase. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12510. [PMID: 31467312 PMCID: PMC6715743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) based biomaterials have several biomedical applications. HA biosynthesis is catalysed by hyaluronan synthase (HAS). The unavailability of 3-D structure of HAS and gaps in molecular understanding of HA biosynthesis process pose challenges in rational engineering of HAS to control HA molecular weight and titer. Using in-silico approaches integrated with mutation studies, we define a dictionary of sub-structural elements (SSE) of the Class I Streptococcal HAS (SeHAS) to guide rational engineering. Our study identifies 9 SSE in HAS and elucidates their role in substrate and polymer binding and polymer biosynthesis. Molecular modelling and docking assessment indicate a single binding site for two UDP-substrates implying conformationally-driven alternating substrate specificities for this class of enzymes. This is the first report hypothesizing the involvement of sites from SSE5 in polymer binding. Mutation at these sites influence HA production, indicating a tight coupling of polymer binding and synthase functions. Mutation studies show dispensable role of Lys-139 in substrate binding and a key role of Gln-248 and Thr-283 in HA biosynthesis. Based on the functional architecture in SeHAS, we propose a plausible three-step polymer extension model from its reducing end. Together, these results open new avenues for rational engineering of Class I HAS to study and regulate its functional properties and enhanced understanding of glycosyltransferases and processive enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Agarwal
- Materials Simulation group, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung R&D Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560037, India.
| | - Krishnan K V
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Shashi Bala Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Anirban Bhaduri
- Materials Simulation group, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung R&D Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560037, India
| | - Guhan Jayaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
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25
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Schulte S, Doss SS, Jeeva P, Ananth M, Blank LM, Jayaraman G. Exploiting the diversity of streptococcal hyaluronan synthases for the production of molecular weight–tailored hyaluronan. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7567-7581. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Hyaluronan as tunable drug delivery system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:83-96. [PMID: 31421148 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hyaluronan (HA) polymer is an important macromolecule of extracellular matrix with remarkable structure and functions: it is a linear and unbranched polymer without sulphate or phosphate groups and has key role in several biological processes in mammals. It is ubiquitous in mammalian tissues with several and specific functions, influencing cell proliferation and migration as well as angiogenesis and inflammation. To exert these important functions in tissues HA modifies the concentration and size. Considering this HA content in tissues is carefully controlled by different mechanisms including covalent modification of the synthetic enzymes and epigenetic control of their gene expression. The function of HA is also critical in several pathologies including cancer, diabetes and chronic inflammation. Among these biological roles, the structural properties of HA allow to use this polymer in regenerative medicine including cosmetics and drug delivery. HA takes advantage from its capacity to form gels even at concentration of 1% producing scaffolds with very intriguing mechanical properties. These hydrogels are useful in regenerative medicine as biocompatible material for advanced therapeutic uses. In this review we highlight the biological aspects of HA addressing the mechanisms controlling the HA content in tissues and its role as drug delivery system.
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27
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Avenoso A, Bruschetta G, D'Ascola A, Scuruchi M, Mandraffino G, Gullace R, Saitta A, Campo S, Campo GM. Hyaluronan fragments produced during tissue injury: A signal amplifying the inflammatory response. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 663:228-238. [PMID: 30668938 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex mechanism that plays a key role during diseases. Dynamic features of the extracellular matrix (ECM), in particular, during phases of tissue inflammation, have long been appreciated, and a great deal of several investigations has focused on the effects of ECM derivatives on cell function. It has been well defined that during inflammatory and tissue injury, ECM components were degraded. ECM degradation direct consequence is the loss of cell homeostasis, while a further consequence is the generation of fragments from larger precursor molecules. These bio-functional ECM shred defined matrikines as capable of playing different actions, especially when they function as powerful initiators, able to prime the inflammatory mechanism. Non-sulphated glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is the major component of the ECM that undergoes specific modulation during tissue damage and inflammation. HA fragments at very low molecular weight are produced as a result of HA depolymerization. Several evidence has considered the plausibility that HA breakdown products play a modulatory action in the sequential stages of inflammation, although the effective mechanism of these HA derivative compounds act is not completely defined. This review will focus on the pro-inflammatory effects of HA fragments in recent years obtained by in vitro investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Avenoso
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, Policlinico Universitario, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bruschetta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela D'Ascola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Scuruchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosa Gullace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Saitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Campo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, Policlinico Universitario, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M Campo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125, Messina, Italy.
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28
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Hyaluronan: Structure, Metabolism, and Biological Properties. BIOLOGICALLY-INSPIRED SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12919-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Karamanos NK, Piperigkou Z, Theocharis AD, Watanabe H, Franchi M, Baud S, Brézillon S, Götte M, Passi A, Vigetti D, Ricard-Blum S, Sanderson RD, Neill T, Iozzo RV. Proteoglycan Chemical Diversity Drives Multifunctional Cell Regulation and Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9152-9232. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Achilleas D. Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini 47100, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Baud
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire SiRMa, CNRS UMR MEDyC 7369, Faculté de Médecine, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, Reims 51100, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR MEDyC 7369, Faculté de Médecine, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, Reims 51100, France
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5246, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Ralph D. Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10107, United States
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10107, United States
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30
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Sun M, Puri S, Parfitt GJ, Mutoji N, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Hyaluronan Regulates Eyelid and Meibomian Gland Morphogenesis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:3713-3727. [PMID: 30046813 PMCID: PMC6059170 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The Meibomian gland (MG) produces the lipid layer of the tear film, and changes to the MG that lead to a decrease or alteration in lipid quality/content may lead to MG dysfunction, a major cause of evaporative dry eye disease with prevalence ranging from 39% to 50%. Little is known about the developmental cues that regulate MG morphogenesis and homeostasis. Our study investigates the role of hyaluronan (HA), a major extracellular matrix component, in eyelid formation and MG development and function. Methods Hyaluronan synthase (Has) knockout mice were used to determine the role of HA in the eyelid and MG. Eyelids were obtained during different developmental stages and MG morphology was analyzed. Tet-off H2B-GFP/K5tTA mice and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyurdine (EdU) incorporation were used to determine the role of HA in maintaining slow-cycling and proliferating cells within the MG, respectively. Data were confirmed using an in vitro proliferation assay, differentiation assay and spheroid cultures. Results Has knockout mice present precocious MG development, and adult mice present MG hyperplasia and dysmorphic MGs and eyelids, with hyperplastic growths arising from the palpebral conjunctiva. Our data show that a highly organized HA network encompasses the MG, and basal cells are embedded within this HA matrix, which supports the proliferating cells. Spheroid cultures showed that HA promotes acini formation. Conclusions HA plays an important role in MG and eyelid development. Our findings suggest that Has knockout mice have abnormal HA synthesis, which in turn leads to precocious and exacerbated MG morphogenesis culminating in dysmorphic eyelids and MGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Sun
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Sudan Puri
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Geraint J. Parfitt
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Nadine Mutoji
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
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31
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Mandawe J, Infanzon B, Eisele A, Zaun H, Kuballa J, Davari MD, Jakob F, Elling L, Schwaneberg U. Directed Evolution of Hyaluronic Acid Synthase from Pasteurella multocida towards High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1414-1423. [PMID: 29603528 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), with diverse cosmetic and medical applications, is the natural glycosaminoglycan product of HA synthases. Although process and/or metabolic engineering are used for industrial HA production, the potential of protein engineering has barely been realised. Herein, knowledge-gaining directed evolution (KnowVolution) was employed to generate an HA synthase variant from Pasteurella multocida (pmHAS) with improved chain-length specificity and a twofold increase in mass-based turnover number. Seven improved pmHAS variants out of 1392 generated by error-prone PCR were identified; eight prospective positions were saturated and the most beneficial amino acid substitutions were recombined. After one round of KnowVolution, the longest HA polymer (<4.7 MDa), through an engineered pmHAS variant in a cell-free system, was synthesised. Computational studies showed that substitutions from the best variant (T40L, V59M and T104A) are distant from the glycosyltransferase sites and increase the flexibility of the N-terminal region of pmHAS. Taken together, these findings suggest that the N terminus may be involved in HA synthesis and demonstrate the potential of protein engineering towards improved HA synthase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mandawe
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Belen Infanzon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Eisele
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henning Zaun
- GALAB Laboratories GmbH, Am Schleusengraben 7, 21029, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kuballa
- GALAB Laboratories GmbH, Am Schleusengraben 7, 21029, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mehdi D Davari
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Jakob
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Elling
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Srivastava T, Diba P, Dean JM, Banine F, Shaver D, Hagen M, Gong X, Su W, Emery B, Marks DL, Harris EN, Baggenstoss B, Weigel PH, Sherman LS, Back SA. A TLR/AKT/FoxO3 immune tolerance-like pathway disrupts the repair capacity of oligodendrocyte progenitors. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2025-2041. [PMID: 29664021 DOI: 10.1172/jci94158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral white matter injury (WMI) persistently disrupts myelin regeneration by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). We identified a specific bioactive hyaluronan fragment (bHAf) that downregulates myelin gene expression and chronically blocks OPC maturation and myelination via a tolerance-like mechanism that dysregulates pro-myelination signaling via AKT. Desensitization of AKT occurs via TLR4 but not TLR2 or CD44. OPC differentiation was selectively blocked by bHAf in a maturation-dependent fashion at the late OPC (preOL) stage by a noncanonical TLR4/TRIF pathway that induced persistent activation of the FoxO3 transcription factor downstream of AKT. Activated FoxO3 selectively localized to oligodendrocyte lineage cells in white matter lesions from human preterm neonates and adults with multiple sclerosis. FoxO3 constraint of OPC maturation was bHAf dependent, and involved interactions at the FoxO3 and MBP promoters with the chromatin remodeling factor Brg1 and the transcription factor Olig2, which regulate OPC differentiation. WMI has adapted an immune tolerance-like mechanism whereby persistent engagement of TLR4 by bHAf promotes an OPC niche at the expense of myelination by engaging a FoxO3 signaling pathway that chronically constrains OPC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taasin Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Parham Diba
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Justin M Dean
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Fatima Banine
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel Shaver
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Matthew Hagen
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Xi Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Weiping Su
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Ben Emery
- Department of Neurology, OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Edward N Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Bruce Baggenstoss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Paul H Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Larry S Sherman
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Stephen A Back
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Neurology, OHSU, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Hauser-Kawaguchi A, Luyt LG, Turley E. Design of peptide mimetics to block pro-inflammatory functions of HA fragments. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:346-356. [PMID: 29408009 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan is a simple extracellular matrix polysaccharide that actively regulates inflammation in tissue repair and disease processes. The native HA polymer, which is large (>500 kDa), contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis. In remodeling and diseased tissues, polymer size is strikingly polydisperse, ranging from <10 kDa to >500 kDa. In a diseased or stressed tissue context, both smaller HA fragments and high molecular weight HA polymers can acquire pro-inflammatory functions, which result in the activation of multiple receptors, triggering pro-inflammatory signaling to diverse stimuli. Peptide mimics that bind and scavenge HA fragments have been developed, which show efficacy in animal models of inflammation. These studies indicate both that HA fragments are key to driving inflammation and that scavenging these is a viable therapeutic approach to blunting inflammation in disease processes. This mini-review summarizes the peptide-based methods that have been reported to date for blocking HA signaling events as an anti-inflammatory therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonard G Luyt
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Cancer Research Laboratories, London Regional Cancer Center, Victoria Hospital, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Eva Turley
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Cancer Research Laboratories, London Regional Cancer Center, Victoria Hospital, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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Weigel PH, Baggenstoss BA. What is special about 200 kDa hyaluronan that activates hyaluronan receptor signaling? Glycobiology 2017; 27:868-877. [PMID: 28486620 PMCID: PMC5881711 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The polydispersity of hyaluronan (HA) presents challenges for analyzing its solution properties, such as the relationship between mass and particle size. The broad mass range of natural HA (≤50-fold) makes molecular characterization difficult and ambiguous compared to molecules with known molecular weights (e.g., proteins). Biophysical studies show that large >MDa HA behaves like a random coil, whereas very small (e.g., 10 kDa) HA behaves like a rod. However, the mass range for this conformational transition is not easily determined in natural polydisperse HA. Some HA receptors (e.g., CD44 and HARE) initiate signaling responses upon binding HA in the 100-300 kDa range, but not larger MDa HA. Size-dependent responses are studied using nonnatural HA: purified narrow-size range HA [Pandey MS, Baggenstoss BA, Washburn J, Harris EN, Weigel PH. 2013. The hyaluronan receptor for endocytosis (HARE) activates NF-κB-mediated gene expression in response to 40-400 kDa, but not smaller or sarger, hyaluronans. J Biol Chem. 288:14068-14079] and very narrow size range Select-HA made chemo-enzymatically [Jing W, DeAngelis PL. 2004. Synchronized chemoenzymatic synthesis of monodisperse hyaluronan polymers. J Biol Chem. 279:42345-42349]. Here, we used size exclusion chromatography and multiangle light scattering to determine the weight-average molar mass and diameter of ~60 very narrow size preparations from 29 to 1650 kDa. The ratio of HA mass to HA diameter showed a transition in the 150-250 kDa size range (~65 nm). The HA rod-to-coil transition occurs within the size range that specifically activates cell signaling by some receptors. Thus, size-specific signaling could be due to unique external receptor•HA conformation changes that enable transmembrane-mediated activation of cytoplasmic domains. Alternatively and more likely, transition-size HA may enable multiple receptors to bind the same HA, creating new internal signal-competent cytoplasmic domain complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Bruce A Baggenstoss
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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HA metabolism in skin homeostasis and inflammatory disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 101:128-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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