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Wang P, Liu X, Yao Z, Chen Y, Luo L, Liang K, Tan JHE, Chua MWJ, Chua YJB, Ma S, Zhang L, Ma W, Liu S, Cao W, Guo L, Guang L, Wang Y, Zhao H, Ai N, Li Y, Li C, Wang RR, Teh BT, Jiang L, Yu K, Shyh-Chang N. Lin28a maintains a subset of adult muscle stem cells in an embryonic-like state. Cell Res 2023; 33:712-726. [PMID: 37188880 PMCID: PMC10474071 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00818-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During homeostasis and after injury, adult muscle stem cells (MuSCs) activate to mediate muscle regeneration. However, much remains unclear regarding the heterogeneous capacity of MuSCs for self-renewal and regeneration. Here, we show that Lin28a is expressed in embryonic limb bud muscle progenitors, and that a rare reserve subset of Lin28a+Pax7- skeletal MuSCs can respond to injury at adult stage by replenishing the Pax7+ MuSC pool to drive muscle regeneration. Compared with adult Pax7+ MuSCs, Lin28a+ MuSCs displayed enhanced myogenic potency in vitro and in vivo upon transplantation. The epigenome of adult Lin28a+ MuSCs showed resemblance to embryonic muscle progenitors. In addition, RNA-sequencing revealed that Lin28a+ MuSCs co-expressed higher levels of certain embryonic limb bud transcription factors, telomerase components and the p53 inhibitor Mdm4, and lower levels of myogenic differentiation markers compared to adult Pax7+ MuSCs, resulting in enhanced self-renewal and stress-response signatures. Functionally, conditional ablation and induction of Lin28a+ MuSCs in adult mice revealed that these cells are necessary and sufficient for efficient muscle regeneration. Together, our findings connect the embryonic factor Lin28a to adult stem cell self-renewal and juvenile regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xupeng Liu
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyue Yao
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanfang Luo
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Liang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Hao Elwin Tan
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Therapeutics, Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Science, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min-Wen Jason Chua
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Therapeutics, Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Science, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan-Jiang Benjamin Chua
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Therapeutics, Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Science, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shilin Ma
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwu Ma
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Cao
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Guo
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Guang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuefan Wang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhao
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Ai
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunwei Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqi Rachel Wang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Laboratory of Cancer Therapeutics, Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Science, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Liu T, Nie J, Zhang X, Deng X, Fu B. The value of EYA1/3/4 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a study from multiple databases. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7442. [PMID: 37156847 PMCID: PMC10167363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence from multiple studies that dysregulation of the Eyes Absent (EYA) protein plays multiple roles in many cancers. Despite this, little is known about the prognostic significance of the EYAs family in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We systematically analyzed the value of EYAs in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Our analysis included examining transcriptional levels, mutations, methylated modifications, co-expression, protein-protein interactions (PPIs), immune infiltration, single-cell sequencing, drug sensitivity, and prognostic values. We based our analysis on data from several databases, including the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA), the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO), UALCAN, TIMER, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), STRING, cBioPortal and GSCALite. In patients with ccRCC, the EYA1 gene was significantly highly expressed, while the expression of EYA2/3/4 genes showed the opposite trend. The level of expression of the EYA1/3/4 gene was significantly correlated with the prognosis and clinicopathological parameters of ccRCC patients. Univariate and multifactorial Cox regression analyses revealed EYA1/3 as an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC, establishing nomogram line plots with good predictive power. Meanwhile, the number of mutations in EYAs was also significantly correlated with poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with ccRCC. Mechanistically, EYAs genes play an essential role in a wide range of biological processes such as DNA metabolism and double-strand break repair in ccRCC. The majority of EYAs members were related to the infiltration of immune cells, drug sensitivity, and methylation levels. Furthermore, our experiment confirmed that EYA1 gene expression was upregulated, and EYA2/3/4 showed low expression in ccRCC. The increased expression of EYA1 might play an important role in ccRCC oncogenesis, and the decreased expression of EYA3/4 could function as a tumor suppressor, suggesting EYA1/3/4 might serve as valuable prognostic markers and potential new therapeutic targets for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taobin Liu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Yong Wai Zheng Street 17#, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Nie
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Yong Wai Zheng Street 17#, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Nanchang County People's Hospital, 199 Xiangyang Road, Liantang Town, Nanchang County, Nanchang City, 330200, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinxi Deng
- Department of Urology, Jiu Jiang NO.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Yong Wai Zheng Street 17#, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Chong ZX, Ho WY, Yeap SK. Delineating the tumour-regulatory roles of EYA4. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 210:115466. [PMID: 36849065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Eyes absent homolog 4 (EYA4) is a protein that regulates many vital cellular processes and organogenesis pathways. It possesses phosphatase, hydrolase, and transcriptional activation functions. Mutations in the Eya4 gene can cause sensorineural hearing loss and heart disease. In most non-nervous system cancers such as those of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), hematological and respiratory systems, EYA4 acts as a putative tumor suppressor. However, in nervous system tumors such as glioma, astrocytoma, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), it plays a putative tumor-promoting role. EYA4 interacts with various signaling proteins of the PI3K/AKT, JNK/cJUN, Wnt/GSK-3β, and cell cycle pathways to exert its tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing effect. The tissue expression level and methylation profiles of Eya4 can help predict the prognosis and anti-cancer treatment response among cancer patients. Targeting and altering Eya4 expression and activity could be a potential therapeutic strategy to suppress carcinogenesis. In conclusion, EYA4 may have both putative tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing roles in different human cancers and has the potential to serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic agent in various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiong Chong
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Li C, Liu Z, Xu G, Wu S, Peng Y, Wu R, Zhao S, Liao X, Lin R. Aberrant DNA methylation and expression of EYA4 in gastric cardia intestinal metaplasia. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:456-465. [PMID: 36453428 PMCID: PMC9843510 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_228_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal metaplasia (IM) of the gastric cardia is an important premalignant lesion. However, there is limited information concerning its epidemiological and molecular features. Herein, we aimed to provide an overview of the epidemiological data for gastric cardiac IM and evaluate the role of EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 4 (EYA4) as an epigenetic biomarker for gastric cardiac IM. METHODS The study was conducted in the context of the gastric cardiac precancerous lesion program in southern China, which included 718 non-cancer participants, who undertook endoscopic biopsy and pathological examination in three endoscopy centers, between November 2018 and November 2021. Pyrosequencing and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine the DNA methylation status and protein expression level of EYA4. RESULTS Gastric cardiac IM presented in 14.1% (101/718) of participants and was more common among older (>50 years; 22.0% [95% CI: 17.8-26.8]) than younger participants (≤50 years; 6.7% [95% CI: 4.5-9.9]; P < 0.001). IM was more common in male participants (16.9% [95% CI: 13.2-21.3] vs. 11.3% [95% CI: 8.3-15.1]; P = 0.04). Pyrosequencing revealed that IM tissues exhibited significantly higher DNA methylation levels in EYA4 gene than normal tissues (P = 0.016). Further, the protein expression level of EYA4 was reduced in IM and absent in intraepithelial neoplasia tissues compared to normal tissues (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Detection rates of gastric cardiac IM increase with age and are higher in men. Our findings highlight the important role of promoter hypermethylation and downregulation of EYA4 in gastric cardiac IM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huiyang Sanhe Hospital, Huizhou, P.R. China
| | - Shibin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huiyang Sanhe Hospital, Huizhou, P.R. China
| | - Yunhui Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huiyang Sanhe Hospital, Huizhou, P.R. China
| | - Ruinuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Shukun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Liao
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, P.R. China
| | - Runhua Lin
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou, P.R. China
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Runhua Lin, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, P.R. China. E-mail:
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Chen XM, Xue XM, Yu N, Guo WW, Yuan SL, Jiang QQ, Yang SM. The Role of Genetic Variants in the Susceptibility of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:946206. [PMID: 35903368 PMCID: PMC9315435 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.946206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Noised-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is an acquired, progressive neurological damage caused by exposure to intense noise in various environments including industrial, military and entertaining settings. The prevalence of NIHL is much higher than other occupational injuries in industrialized countries. Recent studies have revealed that genetic factors, together with environmental conditions, also contribute to NIHL. A group of genes which are linked to the susceptibility of NIHL had been uncovered, involving the progression of oxidative stress, potassium ion cycling, cilia structure, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), DNA damage repair, apoptosis, and some other genes. In this review, we briefly summarized the studies primary in population and some animal researches concerning the susceptible genes of NIHL, intending to give insights into the further exploration of NIHL prevention and individual treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-min Chen
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-miao Xue
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-wei Guo
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo-long Yuan
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-qing Jiang
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-ming Yang
- Senior Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
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Zhang W, Song J, Tong B, Ma M, Guo L, Yuan Y, Yang J. Identification of a novel CNV at the EYA4 gene in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:113. [PMID: 35578334 PMCID: PMC9109401 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary hearing loss is a heterogeneous class of disorders that exhibits various patterns of inheritance and involves many genes. Variants in the EYA4 gene in DFNA10 are known to lead to postlingual, progressive, autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hereditary hearing loss. PATIENTS AND METHODS We collected a four-generation Chinese family with autosomal-dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss (ADNSHL). We applied targeted next-generation sequencing (TNGS) in three patients of this pedigree and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the proband. The intrafamilial cosegregation of the variant and the deafness phenotype were confirmed by PCR, gap-PCR and Sanger sequencing. RESULTS A novel CNV deletion at 6q23 in exons 8-11 of the EYA4 gene with a 10 bp insertion was identified by TNGS and WGS and segregated with the ADNSHL phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our results expanded the variant spectrum and genotype‒phenotype correlation of the EYA4 gene and autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hereditary hearing loss in Chinese Han individuals. WGS is an accurate and effective method for verifying the genomic features of CNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixun Zhang
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Hearing Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 20031, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Lateral Skull Base Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Hearing Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 20031, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Busheng Tong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Mengye Ma
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Hearing Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 20031, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Luo Guo
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Hearing Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 20031, China
| | - Yasheng Yuan
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Hearing Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 20031, China.
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Lateral Skull Base Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Juanmei Yang
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Hearing Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, 20031, China.
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China.
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Rafiq A, Aashaq S, Jan I, Beigh MA. SIX1 transcription factor: A review of cellular functions and regulatory dynamics. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1151-1164. [PMID: 34742853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sine Oculis Homeobox 1 (SIX1) is a member of homeobox transcription factor family having pivotal roles in organismal development and differentiation. This protein functionally acts to regulate the expression of different proteins that are involved in organ development during embryogenesis and in disorders like cancer. Aberrant expression of this homeoprotein has therefore been reported in multiple pathological complexities like hearing impairment and renal anomalies during development and tumorigenesis in adult life. Most of the cellular effects mediated by it are mostly due to its role as a transcription factor. This review presents a concise narrative of its structure, interaction partners and cellular functions vis a vis its role in cancer. We thoroughly discuss the reported molecular mechanisms that govern its function in cellular milieu. Its post-translational regulation by phosphorylation and ubiquitination are also discussed with an emphasis on yet to be explored mechanistic insights regulating its molecular dynamics to fully comprehend its role in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Rafiq
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Campus, Srinagar JK-190006, India
| | - Sabreena Aashaq
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar JK-190011, India
| | - Iqra Jan
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Campus, Srinagar JK-190006, India
| | - Mushtaq A Beigh
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal Campus, Srinagar JK-190006, India.
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8
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Ocal FCA, Haluk K, Bulent S, Davut PV. One Genetic Defect and Two Related Entities in Monozygotic Twins: Otosclerosis and Superior Semicircular Canal Near Dehiscence Syndrome. J Audiol Otol 2021; 26:97-102. [PMID: 34748697 PMCID: PMC8996085 DOI: 10.7874/jao.2021.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and genetic findings of 53-year-old monozygotic twins who had bilateral otosclerosis and right-sided superior semicircular canal near dehiscence (SSCND). Monozygotic twins at the age of 53 presented with conductive hearing loss and normal tympanic membranes. Detailed audiovestibular testing and computed tomography scan revealed that both patients had concurrent otosclerosis and SSCND. Conservative management (hearing aids) was the treatment for these patients. Exome sequencing (ES) for the twins and their affected mother identified a heterozygous missense variant in the EYA4 (c.1744G>A; p.Glu582Lys) gene. This is the first case report to present these separate entities identified in monozygotic twins with a heterozygous missense variant in the EYA4 gene. Our ES data may imply a possible causal relationship or association between variants in the EYA4 gene and concurrent otosclerosis and SSCND.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ceyda Akin Ocal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kavus Haluk
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Satar Bulent
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pehli van Davut
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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9
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Ishino T, Ogawa Y, Sonoyama T, Taruya T, Kono T, Hamamoto T, Ueda T, Takeno S, Moteki H, Nishio SY, Usami SI, Nagano Y, Yoshimura A, Yoshikawa K, Kato M, Ichimoto M, Watanabe R. Identification of a Novel Copy Number Variation of EYA4 Causing Autosomal Dominant Non-syndromic Hearing Loss. Otol Neurotol 2021; 42:e866-e874. [PMID: 33859130 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eyes absent 4 (EYA4) is the causative gene of autosomal dominant non-syndromic hereditary hearing loss, DFNA10. We aimed to identify a copy number variation of EYA4 in a non-syndromic sensory neural hearing loss pedigree. FAMILY AND CLINICAL EVALUATION A Japanese family showing late-onset and progressive hearing loss was evaluated. A pattern of autosomal dominant inheritance of hearing loss was recognized in the pedigree. No cardiac disease was observed in any of the individuals. METHODS Targeted exon sequencing was performed using massively parallel DNA sequencing (MPS) analysis. Scanning of the array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was completed and the copy number variation (CNV) data from the aCGH analysis was confirmed by matching all CNV calls with MPS analysis. Breakpoint detection was performed by whole-genome sequencing and direct sequencing. Sequencing results were examined, and co-segregation analysis of hearing loss was completed. RESULTS We identified a novel hemizygous indel that showed CNV in the EYA4 gene from the position 133,457,057 to 133,469,892 on chromosome 6 (build GRCh38/hg38) predicted as p.(Val124_Pro323del), and that was segregated with post-lingual and progressive autosomal dominant sensorineural hearing loss by aCGH analysis. CONCLUSION Based on the theory of genotype-phenotype correlation with EYA4 mutations in terms of hearing loss and comorbid dilated cardiomyopathy, the region of amino acids 124 to 343 is hypothesized not to be the pathogenic region causing dilated cardiomyopathy. Additionally, the theory of genotype-phenotype correlation about the prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy is thought to be rejected because of no correlation of deleted amino acid region with the prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy. These results will help expand the research on both the coordination of cochlear transcriptional regulation and normal cardiac gene regulation via EYA4 transcripts and provide information on the genotype-phenotype correlations of DFNA10 hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ishino
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Yui Ogawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Toru Sonoyama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Takayuki Taruya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Takashi Kono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Takao Hamamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Tsutomu Ueda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Sachio Takeno
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Hideaki Moteki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Shin-Ya Nishio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Shin-Ichi Usami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Yuka Nagano
- Division of Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akiko Yoshimura
- Division of Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kohei Yoshikawa
- Division of Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mikako Kato
- Division of Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaya Ichimoto
- Division of Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rina Watanabe
- Division of Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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10
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Ahmadmehrabi S, Li B, Park J, Devkota B, Vujkovic M, Ko YA, Van Wagoner D, Tang WHW, Krantz I, Ritchie M, Brant J, Ruckenstein MJ, Epstein DJ, Rader DJ. Genome-first approach to rare EYA4 variants and cardio-auditory phenotypes in adults. Hum Genet 2021; 140:957-967. [PMID: 33745059 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While newborns and children with hearing loss are routinely offered genetic testing, adults are rarely clinically tested for a genetic etiology. One clinically actionable result from genetic testing in children is the discovery of variants in syndromic hearing loss genes. EYA4 is a known hearing loss gene which is also involved in important pathways in cardiac tissue. The pleiotropic effects of rare EYA4 variants are poorly understood and their prevalence in a large cohort has not been previously reported. We investigated cardio-auditory phenotypes in 11,451 individuals in a large biobank using a rare variant, genome-first approach to EYA4. We filtered 256 EYA4 variants carried by 6737 participants to 26 rare and predicted deleterious variants carried by 42 heterozygotes. We aggregated predicted deleterious EYA4 gene variants into a combined variable (i.e. "gene burden") and performed association studies across phenotypes compared to wildtype controls. We validated findings with replication in three independent cohorts and human tissue expression data. EYA4 gene burden was significantly associated with audiometric-proven HL (p = [Formula: see text], Mobitz Type II AV block (p = [Formula: see text]) and the syndromic presentation of HL and primary cardiomyopathy (p = 0.0194). Analyses on audiogram, echocardiogram, and electrocardiogram data validated these associations. Prior reports have focused on identifying variants in families with severe or syndromic phenotypes. In contrast, we found, using a genotype-first approach, that gene burden in EYA4 is associated with more subtle cardio-auditory phenotypes in an adult medical biobank population, including cardiac conduction disorders which have not been previously reported. We show the value of using a focused approach to uncover human disease related to pleiotropic gene variants and suggest a role for genetic testing in adults presenting with hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Ahmadmehrabi
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Binglan Li
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Park
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Batsal Devkota
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marijana Vujkovic
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Van Wagoner
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Cleveland Clinic, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ian Krantz
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marylyn Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason Brant
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Ruckenstein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas J Epstein
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 11-125 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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11
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Zhang T, Xu J, Xu PX. Eya2 expression during mouse embryonic development revealed by Eya2 lacZ knockin reporter and homozygous mice show mild hearing loss. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1450-1462. [PMID: 33715274 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eya2 expression during mouse development has been studied by in situ hybridization and it has been shown to be involved skeletal muscle development and limb formation. Here, we generated Eya2 knockout (Eya2- ) and a lacZ knockin reporter (Eya2lacZ ) mice and performed a detailed expression analysis for Eya2lacZ at different developmental stages to trace Eya2lacZ -positive cells in Eya2-null mice. We describe that Eya2 is not only expressed in cranial sensory and dorsal root ganglia, retina and olfactory epithelium, and somites as previously reported, but also Eya2 is specifically detected in other organs during mouse development. RESULTS We found that Eya2 is expressed in ocular and trochlear motor neurons. In the inner ear, Eya2lacZ is specifically expressed in differentiating hair cells in both vestibular and cochlear sensory epithelia of the inner ear and Eya2-/- or Eya2lacZ/lacZ mice displayed mild hearing loss. Furthermore, we detected Eya2 expression during both salivary gland and thymus development and Eya2-null mice had a smaller thymus. CONCLUSIONS As Eya2 is coexpressed with other members of the Eya family genes, these results together highlight that Eya2 as a potential regulator may act synergistically with other Eya genes to regulate the differentiation of the inner ear sensory hair cells and the formation of the salivary gland and thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jinshu Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pin-Xian Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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12
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Merk DJ, Zhou P, Cohen SM, Pazyra-Murphy MF, Hwang GH, Rehm KJ, Alfaro J, Reid CM, Zhao X, Park E, Xu PX, Chan JA, Eck MJ, Nazemi KJ, Harwell CC, Segal RA. The Eya1 Phosphatase Mediates Shh-Driven Symmetric Cell Division of Cerebellar Granule Cell Precursors. Dev Neurosci 2021; 42:170-186. [PMID: 33472197 DOI: 10.1159/000512976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During neural development, stem and precursor cells can divide either symmetrically or asymmetrically. The transition between symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions is a major determinant of precursor cell expansion and neural differentiation, but the underlying mechanisms that regulate this transition are not well understood. Here, we identify the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway as a critical determinant regulating the mode of division of cerebellar granule cell precursors (GCPs). Using partial gain and loss of function mutations within the Shh pathway, we show that pathway activation determines spindle orientation of GCPs, and that mitotic spindle orientation correlates with the mode of division. Mechanistically, we show that the phosphatase Eya1 is essential for implementing Shh-dependent GCP spindle orientation. We identify atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) as a direct target of Eya1 activity and show that Eya1 dephosphorylates a critical threonine (T410) in the activation loop. Thus, Eya1 inactivates aPKC, resulting in reduced phosphorylation of Numb and other components that regulate the mode of division. This Eya1-dependent cascade is critical in linking spindle orientation, cell cycle exit and terminal differentiation. Together these findings demonstrate that a Shh-Eya1 regulatory axis selectively promotes symmetric cell divisions during cerebellar development by coordinating spindle orientation and cell fate determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Merk
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria F Pazyra-Murphy
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Grace H Hwang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristina J Rehm
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jose Alfaro
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher M Reid
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xuesong Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eunyoung Park
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pin-Xian Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael J Eck
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kellie J Nazemi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Corey C Harwell
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,
| | - Rosalind A Segal
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Mi Y, Liu D, Zeng B, Tian Y, Zhang H, Chen B, Zhang J, Xue H, Tang W, Zhao Y, Xu H. Early truncation of the N-terminal variable region of EYA4 gene causes dominant hearing loss without cardiac phenotype. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 9:e1569. [PMID: 33301229 PMCID: PMC7963430 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal dominant hearing loss (ADHL) accounts for about 20% of all hereditary non‐syndromic HL. Truncating mutations of the EYA4 gene can cause either non‐syndromic ADHL or syndromic ADHL with cardiac abnormalities. It has been proposed that truncations of the C‐terminal Eya domain lead to non‐syndromic HL, whereas early truncations of the N‐terminal variable region cause syndromic HL with cardiac phenotype. Methods The proband and all the other hearing impaired members of the family underwent a thorough clinical and audiological evaluation. The cardiac phenotype was examined by ECG and echocardiography. Their DNA was subjected to target exome sequencing of 129 known deafness genes. The sequencing data were analyzed and the candidate variants were interpreted following the ACMG guidelines for clinical sequence interpretation. The effect of candidate variant on EYA4 gene expression was assessed by quantitative PCR and western blot of gene production in blood. Results We report a Chinese family cosegregating post‐lingual onset, progressive ADHL with a novel nonsense mutation NM_004100.4:c.543C>G (p.Tyr181Ter) of EYA4. Two affected members show no cardiac abnormalities at least until now revealed by electrocardiography and echocardiography. The overall expression level of the EYA4 gene in the proband was lower than that in his unaffected relative. Conclusion This report expands the mutational spectrum of the EYA4 gene and highlights the fact that more data are needed to elucidate the complex genotype–phenotype correlation of EYA4 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Mi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Danhua Liu
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beiping Zeng
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongan Tian
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juanli Zhang
- Henan Province Medical Instrument Testing Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Xue
- Sanglin Biotechnology Ltd, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenxue Tang
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yulin Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongen Xu
- Precision Medicine Center, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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14
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Zhou H, Blevins MA, Hsu JY, Kong D, Galbraith MD, Goodspeed A, Culp-Hill R, Oliphant MUJ, Ramirez D, Zhang L, Trinidad-Pineiro J, Mathews Griner L, King R, Barnaeva E, Hu X, Southall NT, Ferrer M, Gustafson DL, Regan DP, D'Alessandro A, Costello JC, Patnaik S, Marugan J, Zhao R, Ford HL. Identification of a Small-Molecule Inhibitor That Disrupts the SIX1/EYA2 Complex, EMT, and Metastasis. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2689-2702. [PMID: 32341035 PMCID: PMC7510951 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of mortality for patients with cancer, and dysregulation of developmental signaling pathways can significantly contribute to the metastatic process. The Sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1)/eyes absent (EYA) transcriptional complex plays a critical role in the development of multiple organs and is typically downregulated after development is complete. In breast cancer, aberrant expression of SIX1 has been demonstrated to stimulate metastasis through activation of TGFβ signaling and subsequent induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, SIX1 can induce metastasis via non-cell autonomous means, including activation of GLI-signaling in neighboring tumor cells and activation of VEGFC-induced lymphangiogenesis. Thus, targeting SIX1 would be expected to inhibit metastasis while conferring limited side effects. However, transcription factors are notoriously difficult to target, and thus novel approaches to inhibit their action must be taken. Here we identified a novel small molecule compound, NCGC00378430 (abbreviated as 8430), that reduces the SIX1/EYA2 interaction. 8430 partially reversed transcriptional and metabolic profiles mediated by SIX1 overexpression and reversed SIX1-induced TGFβ signaling and EMT. 8430 was well tolerated when delivered to mice and significantly suppressed breast cancer-associated metastasis in vivo without significantly altering primary tumor growth. Thus, we have demonstrated for the first time that pharmacologic inhibition of the SIX1/EYA2 complex and associated phenotypes is sufficient to suppress breast cancer metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings identify and characterize a novel inhibitor of the SIX1/EYA2 complex that reverses EMT phenotypes suppressing breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengbo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Melanie A Blevins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jessica Y Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Deguang Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrew Goodspeed
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rachel Culp-Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael U J Oliphant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Dominique Ramirez
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Lingdi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennyvette Trinidad-Pineiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lesley Mathews Griner
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Rebecca King
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Elena Barnaeva
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Xin Hu
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Noel T Southall
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Daniel L Gustafson
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Daniel P Regan
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - James C Costello
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Samarjit Patnaik
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Juan Marugan
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Heide L Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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15
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Morín M, Borreguero L, Booth KT, Lachgar M, Huygen P, Villamar M, Mayo F, Barrio LC, Santos Serrão de Castro L, Morales C, Del Castillo I, Arellano B, Tellería D, Smith RJH, Azaiez H, Moreno Pelayo MA. Insights into the pathophysiology of DFNA10 hearing loss associated with novel EYA4 variants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6213. [PMID: 32277154 PMCID: PMC7148344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutational spectrum of many genes and their contribution to the global prevalence of hereditary hearing loss is still widely unknown. In this study, we have performed the mutational screening of EYA4 gene by DHLPC and NGS in a large cohort of 531 unrelated Spanish probands and one Australian family with autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss (ADNSHL). In total, 9 novel EYA4 variants have been identified, 3 in the EYA4 variable region (c.160G > T; p.Glu54*, c.781del; p.Thr261Argfs*34 and c.1078C > A; p.Pro360Thr) and 6 in the EYA-HR domain (c.1107G > T; p.Glu369Asp, c.1122G > T; p.Trp374Cys, c.1281G > A; p.Glu427Glu, c.1282-1G > A, c.1601C > G; p.S534* and an heterozygous copy number loss encompassing exons 15 to 17). The contribution of EYA4 mutations to ADNSHL in Spain is, therefore, very limited (~1.5%, 8/531). The pathophysiology of some of these novel variants has been explored. Transient expression of the c-myc-tagged EYA4 mutants in mammalian COS7 cells revealed absence of expression of the p.S534* mutant, consistent with a model of haploinsufficiency reported for all previously described EYA4 truncating mutations. However, normal expression pattern and translocation to the nucleus were observed for the p.Glu369Asp mutant in presence of SIX1. Complementary in silico analysis suggested that c.1107G > T (p.Glu369Asp), c.1281G > A (p.Glu427Glu) and c.1282-1G > A variants alter normal splicing. Minigene assays in NIH3T3 cells further confirmed that all 3 variants caused exon skipping resulting in frameshifts that lead to premature stop codons. Our study reports the first likely pathogenic synonymous variant linked to DFNA10 and provide further evidence for haploinsufficiency as the common underlying disease-causing mechanism for DFNA10-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Morín
- Servicio de Genética, Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS) and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Borreguero
- Servicio de Genética, Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS) and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kevin T Booth
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - María Lachgar
- Servicio de Genética, Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS) and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick Huygen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Manuela Villamar
- Servicio de Genética, Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS) and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Mayo
- Servicio de Genética, Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS) and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Carlos Barrio
- Departamento de Investigación, Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS), Unidad de Neurología Experimental, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luciana Santos Serrão de Castro
- Servicio de Genética, Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS) and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Morales
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Ignacio Del Castillo
- Servicio de Genética, Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS) and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Arellano
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, 28922, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Tellería
- Servicio de Genética, Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS) and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard J H Smith
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - Hela Azaiez
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, USA
| | - M A Moreno Pelayo
- Servicio de Genética, Ramón y Cajal Institute of Health Research (IRYCIS) and Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28034, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Maire P, Dos Santos M, Madani R, Sakakibara I, Viaut C, Wurmser M. Myogenesis control by SIX transcriptional complexes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 104:51-64. [PMID: 32247726 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SIX homeoproteins were first described in Drosophila, where they participate in the Pax-Six-Eya-Dach (PSED) network with eyeless, eyes absent and dachsund to drive synergistically eye development through genetic and biochemical interactions. The role of the PSED network and SIX proteins in muscle formation in vertebrates was subsequently identified. Evolutionary conserved interactions with EYA and DACH proteins underlie the activity of SIX transcriptional complexes (STC) both during embryogenesis and in adult myofibers. Six genes are expressed throughout muscle development, in embryonic and adult proliferating myogenic stem cells and in fetal and adult post-mitotic myofibers, where SIX proteins regulate the expression of various categories of genes. In vivo, SIX proteins control many steps of muscle development, acting through feedforward mechanisms: in the embryo for myogenic fate acquisition through the direct control of Myogenic Regulatory Factors; in adult myofibers for their contraction/relaxation and fatigability properties through the control of genes involved in metabolism, sarcomeric organization and calcium homeostasis. Furthermore, during development and in the adult, SIX homeoproteins participate in the genesis and the maintenance of myofibers diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Maire
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 75014, Paris, France.
| | | | - Rouba Madani
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Iori Sakakibara
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Camille Viaut
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Maud Wurmser
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå universitet, Sweden
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17
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Grajales SMB, Zuluaga JJE, Herrera AL, Osorio NR, Vergara DMB. RNA-seq differential gene expression analysis in mammary tissue from lactating dairy cows supplemented with sunflower oil. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Context
Nutrition is the main environmental factor that regulates the composition and secretion of milk fat. For this reason, supplementation of ruminant feed with lipid sources is proposed as a strategy to improve the milk fatty acid profile. However, incorporation of these compounds in milk depends not only on the structure of the diet but also on the efficient capture of nutrients by the mammary tissue and the coordination in the expression and regulation of multiple genes.
Aim
To evaluate the effect of supplementation with sunflower oil, on gene expression in the mammary gland of Holstein cows under grazing and in the first third of lactation, by using RNA sequencing technology.
Methods
Six Holstein cows were divided into two groups: a control group, and a group supplemented with 700 g/day of sunflower oil (unsaturated fatty acid) for 25 days. On the last day, a sample of mammary tissue was taken for RNA-seq analysis. Raw data were analysed by using the CLC Genomics Workbench software.
Key results
Milk protein genes CSN1S1, CSN2, PAEP (LGB), CSN3, CSN1S2 and LALBA were the most abundant in all samples. In the supplemented group, 13 genes were differentially expressed with a false discovery rate <0.15 of which six were upregulated (PRSS2, BEST3, LOC618633, ASB5, NTS and C2CD4B) and seven downregulated (BOLA, DEFB, CLIC6, ATP6V1B1, DCHS2, EYA4 and CYP4B1). These were related to immune-response processes, cell differentiation and membrane transport.
Conclusions
Supplementation with sunflower oil affects metabolism and other cellular functions in mammary tissue, influencing the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism, and genes involved in cell–cell interactions, cell morphology, cell death and immune response.
Implications
These results help to highlight the mechanisms underlying in vivo responses to dietary factors such as supplementation with seed oil in lactating cows. This will serve as a basis for the future development of strategies that improve the fatty acid profile of milk.
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18
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Varga L, Danis D, Skopkova M, Masindova I, Slobodova Z, Demesova L, Profant M, Gasperikova D. Novel EYA4 variant in Slovak family with late onset autosomal dominant hearing loss: a case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:84. [PMID: 31101089 PMCID: PMC6525401 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Progressive bilateral sensorineural deafness in postlingual period may be linked to many different etiologies including genetic factors. Identification of the exact deafness cause may, therefore, be quite challenging. Here we present a family with late-onset hearing loss as an autosomal dominant trait caused by a novel EYA4 mutation. Case presentation Forty-four years old female proband clinically investigated for progressive hearing loss and occasional dizziness with positive family history for deafness was subject to molecular-genetic testing. Patient’s DNA sample was analyzed by whole exome sequencing. We identified a novel missense variant c.804G > C located at the last base pair of exon 10 in EYA4. Candidate variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing in the proband and her family members. In silico prediction tools and co-segregation analysis were used to indicate pathogenicity of the identified variant. To confirm our hypothesis, we performed minigene assay to demonstrate if the transcript of exon 10 in EYA4 is present. We provide evidence that this mutation in vitro compromises donor site functionality and causes exon 10 skipping and frameshift that most likely results in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. The onset of moderate to severe hearing loss in the family ranged from 10 to 40 years. The normal cardiac phenotype was confirmed by ECG and echocardiography. Conclusions We identified a novel EYA4 mutation associated with adult-onset autosomal dominant sensorineural hearing loss. This report extends the knowledge of spectrum of EYA4 mutations and demonstrates the pathogenicity of a variant affecting specific position in the gene. A comprehensive review of known EYA4 mutations is also given and their impact on cardiac phenotype is discussed. Our findings highlight the importance of genetic testing and complex clinical assessment in patients with familial progressive hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Varga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Diabgene Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Danis
- Diabgene Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Skopkova
- Diabgene Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivica Masindova
- Diabgene Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Slobodova
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Diabgene Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Demesova
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Profant
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Gasperikova
- Diabgene Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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19
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Gu F, Yuan S, Liu L, Zhu P, Yang Y, Pan Z, Zhou W. EYA4 serves as a prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma and suppresses tumour angiogenesis and metastasis. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4208-4216. [PMID: 30957411 PMCID: PMC6533515 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye absent homolog 4 (EYA4) has been demonstrated to be down‐regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its biological function and the mechanism in HCC angiogenesis and metastasis remain largely unknown. Herein, we showed that EYA4 expression was frequently low in HCC tissue samples compared with matched adjacent non‐tumourous tissues. In the analysis of 302 HCC specimens, we revealed that decreased expression of EYA4 correlated with tumour differentiation status. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified EYA4 as an independent risk factor for recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) among the 302 patients. Functional assays showed that forced expression of EYA4 suppressed HCC cell migration, invasion and capillary tube formation of endothelial cells in vitro, as well as in vivo tumour angiogenesis and metastasis in a mouse model. Furthermore, mechanism study exhibited that EYA4 could inhibit HCC angiogenesis and metastasis by inhibiting c‐JUN/VEGFA pathway. Together, we provide proof that EYA4 is a novel tumour suppressor in HCC and a new prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Gu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxian Yuan
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Liu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeya Pan
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
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20
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Roles of Methylated DNA Biomarkers in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:2673543. [PMID: 30944663 PMCID: PMC6421784 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2673543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cancer globally; therefore, early diagnosis and surveillance of this cancer are of paramount importance. Current methods of CRC diagnosis rely heavily on endoscopy or radiological imaging. Noninvasive tests including serum detection of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) are associated with low sensitivity and specificity, especially at early stages. DNA methylation biomarkers have recently been found to have higher accuracy in CRC detection and enhanced prediction of prognosis and chemotherapy response. The most widely studied biomarker in CRC is methylated septin 9 (SEPT9), which is the only FDA-approved methylation-based biomarker for CRC. Apart from SEPT9, other methylated biomarkers including tachykinin-1 (TAC1), somatostatin (SST), and runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) have been shown to effectively detect CRC in a multitude of sample types. This review will discuss the performances of various methylated biomarkers used for CRC diagnosis and monitoring, when used alone or in combination.
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21
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Luo M, Li Y, Shi X, Yang W, Zhou F, Sun N, He J. Aberrant methylation of EYA4 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1811-1824. [PMID: 29660222 PMCID: PMC5989845 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
EYA4, one of the four members of the EYA gene family, is associated with several human cancers. However, its biological functions and molecular mechanisms in the progression of cancer, particularly in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), remain unknown. In the present study, we found that EYA4 was underexpressed and hypermethylated in most of the ESCC cell lines tested (85.7%, 6/7). Treatment with 5‐aza‐dC and/or trichostatin A (TSA) restored EYA4 expression in ESCC cell lines, which indicates that EYA4 expression was epigenetically regulated. Similarly, EYA4 was aberrantly hypermethylated in ESCC tissues (78%, 39/50) and downregulation of EYA4 occurred in approximately 65% of primary ESCC at protein level where it was associated significantly with TNM stage and lymph node metastases. Knockdown of EYA4 in KYSE30 and KYSE70 ESCC cells using small hairpin RNA increased migration and invasive motility in vitro. Conversely, the overexpression of EYA4 in KYSE180 and KYSE450 promoted an epithelial phenotype, which consisted of decreased migration and invasion abilities and a decrease in TGF‐β1‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. Mechanistically, EYA4 overexpression reduced the phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β, which led to the inactivation of slug. In addition, we found that TGF‐β1 decreased EYA4 expression in both a dose‐dependent and a time‐dependent manner in KYSE30 cells, accompanied by an increase in the expression of DNA methyltransferases, especially DNMT3A. In summary, EYA4 is frequently hypermethylated in ESCC and may function as a tumor suppressor gene in the development of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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22
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A six-gene expression toolbox for the glands, epithelium and chondrocytes in the mouse nasal cavity. Gene Expr Patterns 2017; 27:46-55. [PMID: 29122676 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The nose is the central feature of the amniote face. In adults, the nose is a structurally and functionally complex organ that consists of bone, cartilage, glands and ducts. In an ongoing expression screen in our lab, we found several novel markers for specific tissues in the nasal region. Here, using in situ hybridization expression experiments, we report that Alx1, Ap-2β, Crispld1, Eya4, Moxd1, and Penk have tissue specific expression during murine nasal development. At E11.5, we observed that Alx1, Ap-2β, Crispld1, and Eya4 are expressed in the medial and lateral nasal prominences. We found that Moxd1 and Penk are expressed in the lateral nasal prominences. At E15.5, Alx1 is expressed in nasal septum. Ap-2β and Crispld1 are expressed in nasal glands and cartilages. Eya4 is expressed in olfactory epithelium. Intriguingly at E15.5 Moxd1 is expressed in all the nasal cartilage while the expression of Penk is restricted to chondrocytes contributing to the posterior nasal septum. The expression domains reported here suggest that these genes warrant functional studies to determine their role in nasal capsule morphogenesis.
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23
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Mutations that impair Eyes absent tyrosine phosphatase activity in vitro reduce robustness of retinal determination gene network output in Drosophila. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187546. [PMID: 29108015 PMCID: PMC5673202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A limited collection of signaling networks and transcriptional effectors directs the full spectrum of cellular behaviors that comprise development. One mechanism to diversify regulatory potential is to combine multiple biochemical activities into the same protein. Exemplifying this principle of modularity, Eyes absent (Eya), originally identified as a transcriptional co-activator within the retinal determination gene network (RDGN), also harbors tyrosine and threonine phosphatase activities. Although mounting evidence argues for the importance of Eya’s phosphatase activities to mammalian biology, genetic rescue experiments in Drosophila have shown that the tyrosine phosphatase function is dispensable for normal development. In this study, we repeated these rescue experiments in genetically sensitized backgrounds in which the dose of one or more RDGN factor was reduced. Heterozygosity for sine oculis or dachshund, both core RDGN members, compromised the ability of phosphatase-dead eya, but not of the control wild type eya transgene, to rescue the retinal defects and reduced viability associated with eya loss. We speculate that Eya’s tyrosine phosphatase activity, although non-essential, confers robustness to RDGN output.
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24
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Matsuzaki S, Hosoya M, Okano H, Fujioka M, Ogawa K. Expression pattern of EYA4 in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) cochlea. Neurosci Lett 2017; 662:185-188. [PMID: 29054432 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The eyes absent (EYA)-like genes are essential for the formation of sensory organs among fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and mammals. EYA4, one of the vertebrate genes of Eya family, is reported to be causative for late-onset mid-frequency sensorineural hearing loss in humans, while Eya4-deficient mice exhibited congenital profound deafness and otitis media with effusion due to the eustachian tube dysmorphology. Because of the species difference in the phenotype, the pathophysiology of EYA4 in the human cochlea has yet to be elucidated. Here, we examine the expression pattern of EYA4 in the cochlea of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a non-human primate. The results indicated a distinct expression pattern of EYA4 in the adult marmoset cochleae, especially strong in all supporting cells, while in mouse their expressions were diminished. Interestingly, EYA4 expression in the hair cells, supporting cells and neurons was co-localized with sine oculis homeobox-SIX1, a transcription factor essential for the transcriptional activity of EYA4. The results revealed inter-species differences in the expression pattern of EYA4 gene in supporting cells between primates and rodents. The results also indicated a fundamental role of EYA4 in the primate auditory cells. Experiments with primate models such as marmosets or with human cochlear cells may provide cues about the unknown pathogenesis of EYA4-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Matsuzaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Makoto Hosoya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Masato Fujioka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Ogawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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25
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Fan Y, Zhang Y, Wu R, Chen X, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhu D. miR-431 is involved in regulating cochlear function by targeting Eya4. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:2119-2126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Berti F, Nogueira JM, Wöhrle S, Sobreira DR, Hawrot K, Dietrich S. Time course and side-by-side analysis of mesodermal, pre-myogenic, myogenic and differentiated cell markers in the chicken model for skeletal muscle formation. J Anat 2016; 227:361-82. [PMID: 26278933 PMCID: PMC4560570 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The chicken is a well-established model for amniote (including human) skeletal muscle formation because the developmental anatomy of chicken skeletal muscle matches that of mammals. The accessibility of the chicken in the egg as well as the sequencing of its genome and novel molecular techniques have raised the profile of this model. Over the years, a number of regulatory and marker genes have been identified that are suited to monitor the progress of skeletal myogenesis both in wildtype and in experimental embryos. However, in the various studies, differing markers at different stages of development have been used. Moreover, contradictory results on the hierarchy of regulatory factors are now emerging, and clearly, factors need to be able to cooperate. Thus, a reference paper describing in detail and side-by-side the time course of marker gene expression during avian myogenesis is needed. We comparatively analysed onset and expression patterns of the key markers for the chicken immature paraxial mesoderm, for muscle-competent cells, for cells committed to myogenesis and for cells entering terminal differentiation. We performed this analysis from stages when the first paraxial mesoderm is being laid down to the stage when mesoderm formation comes to a conclusion. Our data show that, although the sequence of marker gene expression is the same at the various stages of development, the timing of the expression onset is quite different. Moreover, marker gene expression in myogenic cells being deployed from the dorsomedial and ventrolateral lips of the dermomyotome is different from those being deployed from the rostrocaudal lips, suggesting different molecular programs. Furthermore, expression of Myosin Heavy Chain genes is overlapping but different along the length of a myotube. Finally, Mef2c is the most likely partner of Mrf proteins, and, in contrast to the mouse and more alike frog and zebrafish fish, chicken Mrf4 is co-expressed with MyoG as cells enter terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Berti
- Institute for Biomedical and Biomolecular Science (IBBS), School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Júlia Meireles Nogueira
- Institute for Biomedical and Biomolecular Science (IBBS), School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.,Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Svenja Wöhrle
- Institute for Biomedical and Biomolecular Science (IBBS), School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Débora Rodrigues Sobreira
- Institute for Biomedical and Biomolecular Science (IBBS), School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katarzyna Hawrot
- Institute for Biomedical and Biomolecular Science (IBBS), School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Susanne Dietrich
- Institute for Biomedical and Biomolecular Science (IBBS), School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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27
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Abstract
Eyes absent (Eya), a protein conserved from plants to humans and best characterized as a transcriptional coactivator, is also the prototype for a novel class of eukaryotic aspartyl protein tyrosine phosphatases. This minireview discusses recent breakthroughs in elucidating the substrates and cellular events regulated by Eya's tyrosine phosphatase function and highlights some of the complexities, new questions, and surprises that have emerged from efforts to understand how Eya's unusual multifunctionality influences developmental regulation and signaling.
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28
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Liu F, Hu J, Xia W, Hao L, Ma J, Ma D, Ma Z. Exome Sequencing Identifies a Mutation in EYA4 as a Novel Cause of Autosomal Dominant Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126602. [PMID: 25961296 PMCID: PMC4427289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss is highly heterogeneous, and eyes absent 4 (EYA4) is a disease-causing gene. Most EYA4 mutations founded in the Eya-homologous region, however, no deafness causative missense mutation in variable region of EYA4 have previously been found. In this study, we identified a pathogenic missense mutation located in the variable region of the EYA4 gene for the first time in a four-generation Chinese family with 57 members. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on samples from one unaffected and two affected individuals to systematically search for deafness susceptibility genes, and the candidate mutations and the co-segregation of the phenotype were verified by polymerase chain reaction amplification and by Sanger sequencing in all of the family members. Then, we identified a novel EYA4 mutation in exon 8, c.511G>C; p.G171R, which segregated with postlingual and progressive autosomal dominant sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). This report is the first to describe a missense mutation in the variable region domain of the EYA4 gene, which is not highly conserved in many species, indicating that the potential unconserved role of 171G>R in human EYA4 function is extremely important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiongjiong Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Xia
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Hao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (DM); (ZM)
| | - Zhaoxin Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (DM); (ZM)
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Sun Y, Zhang Z, Cheng J, Lu Y, Yang CL, Luo YY, Yang G, Yang H, Zhu L, Zhou J, Yao HQ. A novel mutation of EYA4 in a large Chinese family with autosomal dominant middle-frequency sensorineural hearing loss by targeted exome sequencing. J Hum Genet 2015; 60:299-304. [PMID: 25809937 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The middle-frequency sensorineural hearing loss (MFSNHL) is rare among hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss. To date, only three genes are reported to be associated with MFSNHL, including TECTA, EYA4 and COL11A2. In this report, we analyzed and explored the clinical audiological characteristics and the causative gene of a Chinese family named HG-Z087 with non-syndromic autosomal dominant inherited MFSNHL. Clinical audiological characteristics and inheritance pattern of a family were evaluated, and pedigree was drawn based on medical history investigation. Our results showed that the Chinese family was characterized by late onset, progressive, non-sydromic autosomal dominant MFSNHL. Targeted exome sequencing, conducted using DNA samples of an affected member in this family, revealed a novel heterozygous missense mutation c.1643C>G in exon 18 of EYA4, causing amino-acid (aa) substitution Arg for Thr at a conserved position aa-548. The p.T548R mutation related to hearing loss in the selected Chinese family was validated by Sanger sequencing. However, the mutation was absent in control group containing 100 DNA samples from normal Chinese families. In conclusion, we identified the pathogenic gene and found that the novel missense mutation c.1643C>G (p.T548R) in EYA4 might have caused autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing impairment in the selected Chinese family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Liang Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Yun Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang-Qi Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
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The MET gene is a common integration target in avian leukosis virus subgroup J-induced chicken hemangiomas. J Virol 2015; 89:4712-9. [PMID: 25673726 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03225-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is a simple retrovirus that can cause hemangiomas and myeloid tumors in chickens and is currently a major economic problem in Asia. Here we characterize ALV-J strain PDRC-59831, a newly studied U.S. isolate of ALV-J. Five-day-old chicken embryos were infected with this virus, and the chickens developed myeloid leukosis and hemangiomas within 2 months after hatching. To investigate the mechanism of pathogenesis, we employed high-throughput sequencing to analyze proviral integration sites in these tumors. We found expanded clones with integrations in the MET gene in two of the five hemangiomas studied. This integration locus was not seen in previous work characterizing ALV-J-induced myeloid leukosis. MET is a known proto-oncogene that acts through a diverse set of signaling pathways and is involved in many neoplasms. We show that tumors harboring MET integrations exhibit strong overexpression of MET mRNA. IMPORTANCE These data suggest that ALV-J induces oncogenesis by insertional mutagenesis, and integrations in the MET oncogene can drive the overexpression of MET and contribute to the development of hemangiomas.
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Kim SJ, Tae CH, Hong SN, Min BH, Chang DK, Rhee PL, Kim JJ, Kim HC, Kim DH, Kim YH. EYA4 Acts as a New Tumor Suppressor Gene in Colorectal Cancer. Mol Carcinog 2015; 54:1748-57. [PMID: 25620232 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A previous genome-wide methylation array for colorectal cancer (CRC) identified aberrant promoter methylation of eyes absent 4 (EYA4). However, the correlations between EYA4 methylation and gene expression, the role played by EYA4 protein in colorectal carcinogenesis, and results of the gene-enrichment and functional annotation analysis have not yet been established. We analyzed the EYA4 methylation status and found EYA4 promoter methylation in CRC cell lines (100%), CRC tissues (93.5%) and advanced adenoma tissues (50.7%), compared with normal mucosa (32.6%). There was a significant inverse correlation between EYA4 methylation and expression. EYA4 transfection led to inhibition of cell proliferation in colony assays and xenograft studies. On performing the gene-enrichment and functional annotation analysis, we observed that the differentially expressed genes have been associated with the Wnt and MAPK signaling pathways. Our results demonstrate that EYA4 is under epigenetic regulation in CRC. It is a candidate tumor suppressor gene that acts by inducing up-regulation of DKK1 and inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, EYA4 methylation may be identified in stool samples and it serves as a potential stool biomarker for detection of advanced adenoma and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jin Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung Hyun Tae
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Noh Hong
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Min
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Kyung Chang
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Poong-Lyul Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae J Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Cheol Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk-Hwan Kim
- Center for Genome Research, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Tan M, Shen X, Yao J, Wei Q, Lu Y, Cao X, Xing G. Identification of I411K, a novel missense EYA4 mutation causing autosomal dominant non‑syndromic hearing loss. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:1467-72. [PMID: 25242383 PMCID: PMC4214331 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit in humans and gaining a better understanding of the underlying causes is necessary to improve counseling and rehabilitation. In the present study, a genetic analysis of a Chinese family with autosomal dominant non-syndromic progressive hearing impairment was conducted and assessed. Whole-exome sequencing in combination with a co-segregation analysis identified a novel missense mutation in EYA4 exon 15 (c.T1301A; p.I411K). The mutation segregated with the hearing loss of the family. This mutation was not identified in the databases of 1000 Genome Project, dbSNP 130, HapMap and YH project or in matched controls. Bioinformatic analysis confirmed the pathogenic effects of this mutation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to provide a description of a missense mutation in the EYA4 gene resulting in non-syndromic hearing loss. Our results provide additional molecular and clinical information in order to gain improved understanding of the pathogenesis of EYA4 mutations and the genotype-phenotype correlations of DFNA10 hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxing Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qinjun Wei
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Lu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Guangqian Xing
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Hou X, Peng JX, Hao XY, Cai JP, Liang LJ, Zhai JM, Zhang KS, Lai JM, Yin XY. DNA methylation profiling identifies EYA4 gene as a prognostic molecular marker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 21:3891-9. [PMID: 24306662 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA hypermethylation plays important roles in carcinogenesis by silencing key genes. This study aims to identify pivotal genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by DNA methylation microarray and to assess their prognostic values. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA methylation microarray was performed in 45 pairs of HCC and adjacent nontumorous tissues and six normal liver tissues to identify hypermethylated genes in HCC. Potential prognosis-related genes were selected among hypermethylated genes by analyzing influences of methylation levels on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in 45 patients. Their prognostic values were validated in 154 patients with HCC (including the initial 45 patients) to determine the independent prognostic gene. RESULTS Altogether, 54 CpG islands in 44 genes were hypermethylated in HCC compared with liver tissues. Among them, methylation levels of ERG and HOXA11 were inversely associated with DFS (both P < 0.050), and methylation levels of EYA4 were inversely related to DFS and OS (both P < 0.050). EYA4 expression was inversely related to tumor size (P < 0.050). Lower EYA4 expression and larger tumor size were independent predictors of both shorter DFS and OS, and higher Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging was an independent predictor of shorter OS (all P < 0.050). CONCLUSIONS EYA4 functions as a prognostic molecular marker in HCC. Its aberrant hypermethylation and subsequent down-regulation may promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Hou
- Departments of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Xu PX. The EYA-SO/SIX complex in development and disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2013; 28:843-54. [PMID: 22806561 PMCID: PMC6592036 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-012-2246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Eyes absent (EYA) and Sine oculis (SO/SIX) proteins function as transcriptional activation complexes and play essential roles in organogenesis during embryonic development in regulating cell proliferation and survival and coordination of particular differentiation programs. Mutations of the Eya and So/Six genes cause profound developmental defects in organisms as diverse as flies, frogs, fish, mice, and humans. EYA proteins also possess an intrinsic phosphatase activity, which is essential for normal development. Here, we review crucial roles of EYA and SO/SIX in development and disease in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Xian Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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35
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36
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Wong EYM, Ahmed M, Xu PX. EYA1-SIX1 complex in neurosensory cell fate induction in the mammalian inner ear. Hear Res 2012; 297:13-9. [PMID: 23104013 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatase-transactivator EYA1 interacts with the homeodomain protein SIX1 to form transcriptional activation complexes, which play essential roles in regulating cell proliferation, survival and induction of sensory and neuronal differentiation programs during inner ear development. Mutations of the Eya1 and Six1 genes cause profound developmental auditory defects in mice and humans. The molecular mechanisms and developmental processes controlled by the EYA1 and SIX1 complex in inner ear development and neurosensory fate induction are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Y M Wong
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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37
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Tadjuidje E, Hegde RS. The Eyes Absent proteins in development and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 70:1897-913. [PMID: 22971774 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The Eyes Absent (EYA) proteins, first described in the context of fly eye development, are now implicated in processes as disparate as organ development, innate immunity, DNA damage repair, photoperiodism, angiogenesis, and cancer metastasis. These functions are associated with an unusual combination of biochemical activities: tyrosine phosphatase and threonine phosphatase activities in separate domains, and transactivation potential when associated with a DNA-binding partner. EYA mutations are linked to multiorgan developmental disorders, as well as to adult diseases ranging from dilated cardiomyopathy to late-onset sensorineural hearing loss. With the growing understanding of EYA biochemical and cellular activity, biological function, and association with disease, comes the possibility that the EYA proteins are amenable to the design of targeted therapeutics. The availability of structural information, direct links to disease states, available animal models, and the fact that they utilize unconventional reaction mechanisms that could allow specificity, suggest that EYAs are well-positioned for drug discovery efforts. This review provides a summary of EYA structure, activity, and function, as they relate to development and disease, with particular emphasis on recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Tadjuidje
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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38
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Robin TP, Smith A, McKinsey E, Reaves L, Jedlicka P, Ford HL. EWS/FLI1 regulates EYA3 in Ewing sarcoma via modulation of miRNA-708, resulting in increased cell survival and chemoresistance. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:1098-108. [PMID: 22723308 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is an aggressive pediatric cancer of the bone and soft tissue, in which patients whose tumors have a poor histologic response to initial chemotherapy have a poor overall prognosis. Therefore, it is important to identify molecules involved in resistance to chemotherapy. Herein, we show that the DNA repair protein and transcriptional cofactor, EYA3, is highly expressed in Ewing sarcoma tumor samples and cell lines compared with mesenchymal stem cells, the presumed cell-of-origin of Ewing sarcoma, and that it is regulated by the EWS/FLI1 fusion protein transcription factor. We further show that EWS/FLI1 mediates upregulation of EYA3 via repression of miR-708, a miRNA that targets the EYA3 3'-untranslated region, rather than by binding the EYA3 promoter directly. Importantly, we show that high levels of EYA3 significantly correlate with low levels of miR-708 in Ewing sarcoma samples, suggesting that this miR-mediated mechanism of EYA3 regulation holds true in human cancers. Because EYA proteins are important for cell survival during development, we examine, and show, that loss of EYA3 decreases survival of Ewing sarcoma cells. Most importantly, knockdown of EYA3 in Ewing sarcoma cells leads to sensitization to DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics used in the treatment of Ewing sarcoma, and as expected, after chemotherapeutic treatment, EYA3 knockdown cells repair DNA damage less effectively than their control counterparts. These studies identify EYA3 as a novel mediator of chemoresistance in Ewing sarcoma and define the molecular mechanisms of both EYA3 overexpression and of EYA3-mediated chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler P Robin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Rogers HA, Kilday JP, Mayne C, Ward J, Adamowicz-Brice M, Schwalbe EC, Clifford SC, Coyle B, Grundy RG. Supratentorial and spinal pediatric ependymomas display a hypermethylated phenotype which includes the loss of tumor suppressor genes involved in the control of cell growth and death. Acta Neuropathol 2012; 123:711-25. [PMID: 22109108 PMCID: PMC3316934 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-011-0904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations, including methylation, have been shown to be an important mechanism of gene silencing in cancer. Ependymoma has been well characterized at the DNA copy number and mRNA expression levels. However little is known about DNA methylation changes. To gain a more global view of the methylation profile of ependymoma we conducted an array-based analysis. Our data demonstrated tumors to segregate according to their location in the CNS, which was associated with a difference in the global level of methylation. Supratentorial and spinal tumors displayed significantly more hypermethylated genes than posterior fossa tumors, similar to the ‘CpG island methylator phenotype’ (CIMP) identified in glioma and colon carcinoma. This hypermethylated profile was associated with an increase in expression of genes encoding for proteins involved in methylating DNA, suggesting an underlying mechanism. An integrated analysis of methylation and mRNA expression array data allowed us to identify methylation-induced expression changes. Most notably genes involved in the control of cell growth and death and the immune system were identified, including members of the JNK pathway and PPARG. In conclusion, we have generated a global view of the methylation profile of ependymoma. The data suggests epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of supratentorial and spinal, but not posterior fossa ependymomas. Hypermethylation correlated with a decrease in expression of a number of tumor suppressor genes and pathways that could be playing an important role in tumor pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel A. Rogers
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, D Floor Medical School, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
| | - John-Paul Kilday
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, D Floor Medical School, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
| | - Cerys Mayne
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, D Floor Medical School, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
| | - Jennifer Ward
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, D Floor Medical School, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
| | - Martyna Adamowicz-Brice
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, D Floor Medical School, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
| | - Ed C. Schwalbe
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Steven C. Clifford
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Beth Coyle
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, D Floor Medical School, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
| | - Richard G. Grundy
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, D Floor Medical School, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
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Ahmed M, Wong EYM, Sun J, Xu J, Wang F, Xu PX. Eya1-Six1 interaction is sufficient to induce hair cell fate in the cochlea by activating Atoh1 expression in cooperation with Sox2. Dev Cell 2012; 22:377-90. [PMID: 22340499 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inner-ear hair cell differentiation requires Atoh1 function, while Eya1, Six1, and Sox2 are coexpressed in sensory progenitors and mutations in these genes cause sensorineural hearing loss. However, how these genes are linked functionally and the transcriptional networks controlling hair cell induction remain unclear. Here, we show (1) that Eya1/Six1 are necessary for hair cell development, and their coexpression in mouse cochlear explants is sufficient to induce hair cell fate in the nonsensory epithelium expressing low-level Sox2 by activating not only Atoh1-dependent but also Atoh1-independent pathways and (2) that both pathways induce Pou4f3 to promote hair cell differentiation. Sox2 cooperates with Eya1/Six1 to synergistically activate Atoh1 transcription via direct binding to the conserved Sox- and Six-binding sites in Atoh1 enhancers, and these proteins physically interact. Our findings demonstrate that direct and cooperative interactions between the Sox2, Six1, and Eya1 proteins coordinate Atoh1 expression to specify hair cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohi Ahmed
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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41
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Ahmed M, Xu J, Xu PX. EYA1 and SIX1 drive the neuronal developmental program in cooperation with the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex and SOX2 in the mammalian inner ear. Development 2012; 139:1965-77. [PMID: 22513373 DOI: 10.1242/dev.071670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inner ear neurogenesis depends upon the function of the proneural basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors NEUROG1 and NEUROD1. However, the transcriptional regulation of these factors is unknown. Here, using loss- and gain-of-function models, we show that EYA1 and SIX1 are crucial otic neuronal determination factors upstream of NEUROG1 and NEUROD1. Overexpression of both Eya1 and Six1 is sufficient to convert non-neuronal epithelial cells within the otocyst and cochlea as well as the 3T3 fibroblast cells into neurons. Strikingly, all the ectopic neurons express not only Neurog1 and Neurod1 but also mature neuronal markers such as neurofilament, indicating that Eya1 and Six1 function upstream of, and in the same pathway as, Neurog1 and Neurod1 to not only induce neuronal fate but also regulate their differentiation. We demonstrate that EYA1 and SIX1 interact directly with the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling subunits BRG1 and BAF170 to drive neurogenesis cooperatively in 3T3 cells and cochlear nonsensory epithelial cells, and that SOX2 cooperates with these factors to mediate neuronal differentiation. Importantly, we show that the ATPase BRG1 activity is required for not only EYA1- and SIX1-induced ectopic neurogenesis but also normal neurogenesis in the otocyst. These findings indicate that EYA1 and SIX1 are key transcription factors in initiating the neuronal developmental program, probably by recruiting and interacting with the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex to specifically mediate Neurog1 and Neurod1 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohi Ahmed
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of NYU, New York, NY 10029, USA
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42
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Takagaki Y, Yamagishi H, Matsuoka R. Factors Involved in Signal Transduction During Vertebrate Myogenesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 296:187-272. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394307-1.00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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43
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Masumoto KH, Ukai-Tadenuma M, Kasukawa T, Nagano M, Uno KD, Tsujino K, Horikawa K, Shigeyoshi Y, Ueda HR. Acute Induction of Eya3 by Late-Night Light Stimulation Triggers TSHβ Expression in Photoperiodism. Curr Biol 2010; 20:2199-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2010.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Unraveling the genetics of otitis media: from mouse to human and back again. Mamm Genome 2010; 22:66-82. [PMID: 21107580 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-010-9295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is among the most common illnesses of early childhood, characterised by the presence of inflammation in the middle ear cavity. Acute OM and chronic OM with effusion (COME) affect the majority of children by school age and have heritability estimates of 40-70%. However, the majority of genes underlying this susceptibility are, as yet, unidentified. One method of identifying genes and pathways that may contribute to OM susceptibility is to look at mouse mutants displaying a comparable phenotype. Single-gene mouse mutants with OM have identified a number of genes, namely, Eya4, Tlr4, p73, MyD88, Fas, E2f4, Plg, Fbxo11, and Evi1, as potential and biologically relevant candidates for human disease. Recent studies suggest that this "mouse-to-human" approach is likely to yield relevant data, with significant associations reported between polymorphisms at the FBXO11, TLR4, and PAI1 genes and disease in humans. An association between TP73 and chronic rhinosinusitis has also been reported. In addition, the biobanks of available mouse mutants provide a powerful resource for functional studies of loci identified by future genome-wide association studies of OM in humans. Mouse models of OM therefore are an important component of current approaches attempting to understand the complex genetic susceptibility to OM in humans, and which aim to facilitate the development of preventative and therapeutic interventions for this important and common disease.
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Li H, Diao TY, Zhou ZY, Yang FY, Ma Q, Li QH. Relationship between the expression of hTERT and EYA4 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with the progressive stages of carcinogenesis of the esophagus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2009; 28:145. [PMID: 19939248 PMCID: PMC2789727 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-28-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective To establish a relationship between esophageal squamous cell diseases and the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and Eyes absent 4 (EYA4) mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Methods Subjects were 50 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), 50 with dysplasia (ESCD), 50 with basal cell hyperplasia (BCH) and 50 controls. All subjects were residents of Feicheng County, Shandong Province, China , diagnosed by histopathology. Expression of hTERT and EYA4 mRNA in peripheral blood was determined by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The hTERT and EYA4 mRNA positive expression increased according to disease severity. At the cut-off value of ≥ 0.2, the positive expression rates of EYA4 were 14% for controls, 20.0% for BCH, 26% for ESCD and 52% for ESCC, respectively. At the cut-off value of ≥ 0.8, the positive expression rates of hTERT in the four groups were 24%, 30.0%, 52% and 80%, respectively. Using a positive value of 0.47 for EYA4, the testing sensitivities in the ESCD and ESCC groups were 4% and 16%, respectively, and the testing specificity increased to 100%. Using a positive value of 1.0 for hTERT, the testing sensitivities in the ESCD and ESCC groups were 48% and 60%, respectively, and the testing specificity increased to 72%. The testing sensitivities in the predicting ESCD and ESCC in the discriminant model including EYA4 and hTERT and the five traditional risk factors (sex, age, smoking, alcohol drinking, and family history of esophageal cancer) were 70% and 80%, and testing specificities were 76% and 88% respectively. However, the testing sensitivities and specificities in the predicting ESCD and ESCC in the model only including the above five traditional risk factors were lower than that in the former case. Conclusion EYA4 and hTERT mRNA expression increased with the severity of esophageal pathological changes and may be useful for identifying high-risk endoscopy candidates or for monitoring changes in premalignant esophageal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Tumor Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China.
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Inhibition of Eyes Absent Homolog 4 expression induces malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor necrosis. Oncogene 2009; 29:368-79. [PMID: 19901965 PMCID: PMC2809821 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive sarcomas without effective therapeutics. Bioinformatics was used to identify potential therapeutic targets. Paired Box (PAX), Eyes Absent (EYA), Dachsund (DACH), and Sine Oculis (SIX) genes, which form a regulatory interactive network in drosophila, were found to be dysregulated in human MPNST cell lines and solid tumors. We identified a decrease in DACH1 expression, and increases in expression of PAX6, EYA1, EYA2, EYA4, and SIX1- 4. Consistent with the observation that half of MPNSTs develop in neurofibromatosis type 1 patients, subsequent to NF1 mutation, we found that exogenous expression of the NF1-GAP related domain (GRD) normalized DACH1 expression. EYA4 mRNA was elevated more than 100-fold as estimated by quantitative real time PCR in most MPSNT cell lines. In vitro, suppression of EYA4 expression using shRNA reduced cell adhesion and migration and caused cellular necrosis without affecting cell proliferation or apoptotic cell death. MPNST cells expressing sh-EYA4 either failed to form tumors in nude mice or formed very small tumors, with extensive necrosis but similar levels of proliferation and apoptosis as control cells. Our findings identify a role for EYA4 and possibly interacting SIX and DACH proteins in MPNSTs and suggest the EYA4 pathway as a rational therapeutic target.
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Okabe Y, Sano T, Nagata S. Regulation of the innate immune response by threonine-phosphatase of Eyes absent. Nature 2009; 460:520-4. [PMID: 19561593 DOI: 10.1038/nature08138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity is stimulated not only by viral or bacterial components, but also by non-microbial danger signals (damage-associated molecular patterns). One of the damage-associated molecular patterns is chromosomal DNA that escapes degradation. In programmed cell death and erythropoiesis, DNA from dead cells or nuclei expelled from erythroblasts is digested by DNase II in the macrophages after they are engulfed. DNase II(-/-) (also known as Dnase2a(-/-)) mice suffer from severe anaemia or chronic arthritis due to interferon-beta (IFN-beta) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) produced from the macrophages carrying undigested DNA in a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-independent mechanism. Here we show that Eyes absent 4 (EYA4), originally identified as a co-transcription factor, stimulates the expression of IFN-beta and CXCL10 in response to the undigested DNA of apoptotic cells. EYA4 enhanced the innate immune response against viruses (Newcastle disease virus and vesicular stomatitis virus), and could associate with signalling molecules (IPS-1 (also known as MAVS), STING (TMEM173) and NLRX1). Three groups have previously shown that EYA has phosphatase activity. We found that mouse EYA family members act as a phosphatase for both phosphotyrosine and phosphothreonine. The haloacid dehalogenase domain at the carboxy terminus contained the tyrosine-phosphatase, and the amino-terminal half carried the threonine-phosphatase. Mutations of the threonine-phosphatase, but not the tyrosine-phosphatase, abolished the ability of EYA4 to enhance the innate immune response, suggesting that EYA regulates the innate immune response by modulating the phosphorylation state of signal transducers for the intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Okabe
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Söker T, Dalke C, Puk O, Floss T, Becker L, Bolle I, Favor J, Hans W, Hölter SM, Horsch M, Kallnik M, Kling E, Moerth C, Schrewe A, Stigloher C, Topp S, Gailus-Durner V, Naton B, Beckers J, Fuchs H, Ivandic B, Klopstock T, Schulz H, Wolf E, Wurst W, Bally-Cuif L, de Angelis MH, Graw J. Pleiotropic effects in Eya3 knockout mice. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2008; 8:118. [PMID: 19102749 PMCID: PMC2653502 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-8-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Drosophila, mutations in the gene eyes absent (eya) lead to severe defects in eye development. The functions of its mammalian orthologs Eya1-4 are only partially understood and no mouse model exists for Eya3. Therefore, we characterized the phenotype of a new Eya3 knockout mouse mutant. RESULTS Expression analysis of Eya3 by in-situ hybridizations and beta-Gal-staining of Eya3 mutant mice revealed abundant expression of the gene throughout development, e.g. in brain, eyes, heart, somites and limbs suggesting pleiotropic effects of the mutated gene. A similar complex expression pattern was observed also in zebrafish embryos. The phenotype of young adult Eya3 mouse mutants was systematically analyzed within the German Mouse Clinic. There was no obvious defect in the eyes, ears and kidneys of Eya3 mutant mice. Homozygous mutants displayed decreased bone mineral content and shorter body length. In the lung, the tidal volume at rest was decreased, and electrocardiography showed increased JT- and PQ intervals as well as decreased QRS amplitude. Behavioral analysis of the mutants demonstrated a mild increase in exploratory behavior, but decreased locomotor activity and reduced muscle strength. Analysis of differential gene expression revealed 110 regulated genes in heart and brain. Using real-time PCR, we confirmed Nup155 being down regulated in both organs. CONCLUSION The loss of Eya3 in the mouse has no apparent effect on eye development. The wide-spread expression of Eya3 in mouse and zebrafish embryos is in contrast to the restricted expression pattern in Xenopus embryos. The loss of Eya3 in mice leads to a broad spectrum of minor physiological changes. Among them, the mutant mice move less than the wild-type mice and, together with the effects on respiratory, muscle and heart function, the mutation might lead to more severe effects when the mice become older. Therefore, future investigations of Eya3 function should focus on aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Söker
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Chen B, Kim EH, Xu PX. Initiation of olfactory placode development and neurogenesis is blocked in mice lacking both Six1 and Six4. Dev Biol 2008; 326:75-85. [PMID: 19027001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mouse olfactory epithelium (OE) originates from ectodermally derived placode, the olfactory placode that arises at the anterior end of the neural plate. Tissue grafting and recombination experiments suggest that the placode is derived from a common preplacodal domain around the neural plate and its development is directed by signals arising from the underlying mesoderm and adjacent neuroectoderm. In mice, loss of Six1 affects OE morphogenesis but not placode formation. We show here that embryos lacking both Six1 and Six4 failed to form the olfactory placode but the preplacodal region appeared to be specified as judged by the expression of Eya2, which marks the common preplacodal domain, suggesting a synergistic requirement of Six1 and Six4 in patterning the preplacodal ectoderm to a morphologic placode. Our results show that Six1 and Six4 are coexpressed in the preplacodal ectoderm from E8.0. In the olfactory pit, Six4 expression was observed in the peripheral precursors that overlap with Mash1-expressing cells, the early committed neuronal lineage. In contrast, Six1 is highly distributed in the peripheral regions where stem cells reside at E10.5 and it overlaps with Sox2 expression. Both genes are expressed in the basal and apical neuronal progenitors in the OE. Analyses of Six1;Six4 double mutant embryos demonstrated that the slightly thickened epithelium observed in the mutant was not induced for neuronal development. In contrast, in Six1(-/-) embryos, all neuronal lineage markers were initially expressed but the pattern of their expression was altered. Although very few, the pioneer neurons were initially present in the Six1 mutant OE. However, neurogenesis ceased by E12.5 due to markedly increased cell apoptosis and reduced proliferation, thus defining the cellular defects occurring in Six1(-/-) OE that have not been previously observed. Our findings demonstrate that Six1/4 function at the top of early events controlling olfactory placode formation and neuronal development. Our analyses show that the threshold of Six1/4 may be crucial for the expression of olfactory specific genes and that Six1 and Six4 may act synergistically to mediate olfactory placode specification and patterning through Fgf and Bmp signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglai Chen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of NYU, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Differential expression of Eya1 and Eya2 during chick early embryonic development. Gene Expr Patterns 2008; 8:357-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2007] [Revised: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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