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Mohar NP, Cox EM, Adelizzi E, Moore SA, Mathews KD, Darbro BW, Wallrath LL. The Influence of a Genetic Variant in CCDC78 on LMNA-Associated Skeletal Muscle Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4930. [PMID: 38732148 PMCID: PMC11084688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the LMNA gene-encoding A-type lamins can cause Limb-Girdle muscular dystrophy Type 1B (LGMD1B). This disease presents with weakness and wasting of the proximal skeletal muscles and has a variable age of onset and disease severity. This variability has been attributed to genetic background differences among individuals; however, such variants have not been well characterized. To identify such variants, we investigated a multigeneration family in which affected individuals are diagnosed with LGMD1B. The primary genetic cause of LGMD1B in this family is a dominant mutation that activates a cryptic splice site, leading to a five-nucleotide deletion in the mature mRNA. This results in a frame shift and a premature stop in translation. Skeletal muscle biopsies from the family members showed dystrophic features of variable severity, with the muscle fibers of some family members possessing cores, regions of sarcomeric disruption, and a paucity of mitochondria, not commonly associated with LGMD1B. Using whole genome sequencing (WGS), we identified 21 DNA sequence variants that segregate with the family members possessing more profound dystrophic features and muscle cores. These include a relatively common variant in coiled-coil domain containing protein 78 (CCDC78). This variant was given priority because another mutation in CCDC78 causes autosomal dominant centronuclear myopathy-4, which causes cores in addition to centrally positioned nuclei. Therefore, we analyzed muscle biopsies from family members and discovered that those with both the LMNA mutation and the CCDC78 variant contain muscle cores that accumulated both CCDC78 and RyR1. Muscle cores containing mislocalized CCDC78 and RyR1 were absent in the less profoundly affected family members possessing only the LMNA mutation. Taken together, our findings suggest that a relatively common variant in CCDC78 can impart profound muscle pathology in combination with a LMNA mutation and accounts for variability in skeletal muscle disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel P. Mohar
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (N.P.M.); (E.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Efrem M. Cox
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (S.A.M.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, UNLV School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Emily Adelizzi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (N.P.M.); (E.A.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Steven A. Moore
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA (S.A.M.)
| | - Katherine D. Mathews
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Benjamin W. Darbro
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (N.P.M.); (E.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Lori L. Wallrath
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (N.P.M.); (E.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Skriver SV, Krett B, Poulsen NS, Krag T, Walas HR, Christensen AH, Bundgaard H, Vissing J, Vissing CR. Skeletal Muscle Involvement in Patients With Truncations of Titin and Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2024; 12:740-753. [PMID: 37999665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants in titin (TTN) are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and skeletal myopathy. However, the skeletal muscle phenotype in individuals carrying heterozygous truncating TTN variants (TTNtv), the leading cause of DCM, is understudied. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the skeletal muscle phenotype associated with TTNtv. METHODS Participants with TTNtv were included in a cross-sectional study. Skeletal muscle fat fraction was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (compared with healthy controls and controls with non-TTNtv DCM). Muscle strength was evaluated by dynamometry and muscle biopsy specimens were analyzed. RESULTS Twenty-five TTNtv participants (11 women, mean age 51 ± 15 years, left ventricular ejection fraction 45% ± 10%) were included (19 had DCM). Compared to healthy controls (n = 25), fat fraction was higher in calf (12.5% vs 9.9%, P = 0.013), thigh (12.2% vs 9.3%, P = 0.004), and paraspinal muscles (18.8% vs 13.9%, P = 0.008) of TTNtv participants. Linear mixed effects modelling found higher fat fractions in TTNtv participants compared to healthy controls (2.5%; 95% CI: 1.4-3.7; P < 0.001) and controls with non-TTNtv genetic DCM (n = 7) (1.5%; 95% CI: 0.2-2.8; P = 0.025). Muscle strength was within 1 SD of normal values. Biopsy specimens from 21 participants found myopathic features in 13 (62%), including central nuclei. Electron microscopy showed well-ordered Z-lines and T-tubuli but uneven and discontinuous M-lines and excessive glycogen depositions flanked by autophagosomes, lysosomes, and abnormal mitochondria with mitophagy. CONCLUSIONS Mild skeletal muscle involvement was prevalent in patients with TTNtv. The phenotype was characterized by an increased muscle fat fraction and excessive accumulation of glycogen, possibly due to reduced autophagic flux. These findings indicate an impact of TTNtv beyond the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Vinther Skriver
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørg Krett
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Scharf Poulsen
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Krag
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Rudkjær Walas
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex Hørby Christensen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tiwari V, Alam MJ, Bhatia M, Navya M, Banerjee SK. The structure and function of lamin A/C: Special focus on cardiomyopathy and therapeutic interventions. Life Sci 2024; 341:122489. [PMID: 38340979 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Lamins are inner nuclear membrane proteins that belong to the intermediate filament family. Lamin A/C lie adjacent to the heterochromatin structure in polymer form, providing skeletal to the nucleus. Based on the localization, lamin A/C provides nuclear stability and cytoskeleton to the nucleus and modulates chromatin organization and gene expression. Besides being the structural protein making the inner nuclear membrane in polymer form, lamin A/C functions as a signalling molecule involved in gene expression as an enhancer inside the nucleus. Lamin A/C regulates various cellular pathways like autophagy and energy balance in the cytoplasm. Its expression is highly variable in differentiated tissues, higher in hard tissues like bone and muscle cells, and lower in soft tissues like the liver and brain. In muscle cells, including the heart, lamin A/C must be expressed in a balanced state. Lamin A/C mutation is linked with various diseases, such as muscular dystrophy, lipodystrophy, and cardiomyopathies. It has been observed that a good number of mutations in the LMNA gene impact cardiac activity and its function. Although several works have been published, there are still several unexplored areas left regarding the lamin A/C function and structure in the cardiovascular system and its pathological state. In this review, we focus on the structural organization, expression pattern, and function of lamin A/C, its interacting partners, and the pathophysiology associated with mutations in the lamin A/C gene, with special emphasis on cardiovascular diseases. With the recent finding on lamin A/C, we have summarized the possible therapeutic interventions to treat cardiovascular symptoms and reverse the molecular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India; Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Madhavi Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India
| | - Malladi Navya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India
| | - Sanjay K Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India.
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Sehovic E, Zellers SM, Youssef MK, Heikkinen A, Kaprio J, Ollikainen M. DNA methylation sites in early adulthood characterised by pubertal timing and development: a twin study. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:181. [PMID: 37950287 PMCID: PMC10638786 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puberty is a highly heritable and variable trait, with environmental factors having a role in its eventual timing and development. Early and late pubertal onset are both associated with various diseases developing later in life, and epigenetic characterisation of pubertal timing and development could lead to important insights. Blood DNA methylation, reacting to both genotype and environment, has been associated with puberty; however, such studies are relatively scarce. We investigated peripheral blood DNA methylation profiles (using Illumina 450 K and EPIC platforms) of 1539 young adult Finnish twins associated with pubertal development scale (PDS) at ages 12 and 14 as well as pubertal age (PA). RESULTS Fixed effect meta-analysis of the two platforms on 347,521 CpGs in common identified 58 CpG sites associated (p < 1 × 10-5) with either PDS or PA. All four CpGs associated with PA and 45 CpGs associated with PDS were sex-specific. Thirteen CpGs had a high heritability (h2: 0.51-0.98), while one CpG site (mapped to GET4) had a high shared environmental component accounting for 68% of the overall variance in methylation at the site. Utilising twin discordance analysis, we found 6 CpG sites (5 associated with PDS and 1 with PA) that had an environmentally driven association with puberty. Furthermore, genes with PDS- or PA-associated CpGs were consistently linked to various developmental processes and diseases such as breast, prostate and ovarian cancer, while methylation quantitative trait loci of associated CpG sites were enriched in immune pathways developing during puberty. CONCLUSIONS By identifying puberty-associated DNA methylation sites and examining the effects of sex, environment and genetics, we shed light on the intricate interplay between environment and genetics in the context of puberty. Through our comprehensive analysis, we not only deepen the understanding of the significance of both genetic and environmental factors in the complex processes of puberty and its timing, but also gain insights into potential links with disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Sehovic
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10100, Turin, Italy
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Stephanie M Zellers
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus K Youssef
- Laboratory for Topology and Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aino Heikkinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miina Ollikainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
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Perales S, Sigamani V, Rajasingh S, Czirok A, Rajasingh J. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria patient-derived cardiomyocyte model of carrying LMNA gene variant c.1824 C > T. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:189-207. [PMID: 37572165 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, and strokes are the most common causes of death in patients with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). The LMNA variant c.1824C > T accounts for ~ 90% of HGPS cases. The detailed molecular mechanisms of Lamin A in the heart remain elusive due to the lack of appropriate in vitro models. We hypothesize that HGPS patient's induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (iCMCs) will provide a model platform to study the cardio-pathologic mechanisms associated with HGPS. To elucidate the effects of progerin in cardiomyocytes, we first obtained skin fibroblasts (SFs) from a de-identified HGPS patient (hPGP1, proband) and both parents from the Progeria Research Foundation. Through Sanger sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism, with the enzyme EciI, targeting Lamin A, we characterized hPGP1-SFs as heterozygous mutants for the LMNA variant c.1824 C > T. Additionally, we performed LMNA exon 11 bisulfite sequencing to analyze the methylation status of the progeria cells. Furthermore, we reprogrammed the three SFs into iPSCs and differentiated them into iCMCs, which gained a beating on day 7. Through particle image velocimetry analysis, we found that hPGP1-iCMCs had an irregular contractile function and decreased cardiac-specific gene and protein expressions by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Our progeria-patient-derived iCMCs were found to be functionally and structurally defective when compared to normal iCMCs. This in vitro model will help in elucidating the role of Lamin A in cardiac diseases and the cardio-pathologic mechanisms associated with progeria. It provides a new platform for researchers to study novel treatment approaches for progeria-associated cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Perales
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Vinoth Sigamani
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sheeja Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Andras Czirok
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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Gregory EF, Kalra S, Brock T, Bonne G, Luxton GWG, Hopkins C, Starr DA. Caenorhabditis elegans models for striated muscle disorders caused by missense variants of human LMNA. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010895. [PMID: 37624850 PMCID: PMC10484454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Striated muscle laminopathies caused by missense mutations in the nuclear lamin gene LMNA are characterized by cardiac dysfunction and often skeletal muscle defects. Attempts to predict which LMNA variants are pathogenic and to understand their physiological effects lag behind variant discovery. We created Caenorhabditis elegans models for striated muscle laminopathies by introducing pathogenic human LMNA variants and variants of unknown significance at conserved residues within the lmn-1 gene. Severe missense variants reduced fertility and/or motility in C. elegans. Nuclear morphology defects were evident in the hypodermal nuclei of many lamin variant strains, indicating a loss of nuclear envelope integrity. Phenotypic severity varied within the two classes of missense mutations involved in striated muscle disease, but overall, variants associated with both skeletal and cardiac muscle defects in humans lead to more severe phenotypes in our model than variants predicted to disrupt cardiac function alone. We also identified a separation of function allele, lmn-1(R204W), that exhibited normal viability and swimming behavior but had a severe nuclear migration defect. Thus, we established C. elegans avatars for striated muscle laminopathies and identified LMNA variants that offer insight into lamin mechanisms during normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen F. Gregory
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Shilpi Kalra
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Trisha Brock
- InVivo Biosystems, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France
| | - G. W. Gant Luxton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | | | - Daniel A. Starr
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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Bouchard C, Tremblay JP. Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies Classification and Therapies. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4769. [PMID: 37510884 PMCID: PMC10381329 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are caused by mutations in multiple genes. This review article presents 39 genes associated with LGMDs. Some forms are inherited in a dominant fashion, while for others this occurs recessively. The classification of LGMDs has evolved through time. Lately, to be considered an LGMD, the mutation has to cause a predominant proximal muscle weakness and must be found in two or more unrelated families. This article also presents therapies for LGMDs, examining both available treatments and those in development. For now, only symptomatic treatments are available for patients. The goal is now to solve the problem at the root of LGMDs instead of treating each symptom individually. In the last decade, multiple other potential treatments were developed and studied, such as stem-cell transplantation, exon skipping, gene delivery, RNAi, and gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Bouchard
- Departement de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, Quebec, QC G1E 6W2, Canada
| | - Jacques P Tremblay
- Departement de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, Quebec, QC G1E 6W2, Canada
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8
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Cesar S, Campuzano O, Cruzalegui J, Fiol V, Moll I, Martínez-Barrios E, Zschaeck I, Natera-de Benito D, Ortez C, Carrera L, Expósito J, Berrueco R, Bautista-Rodriguez C, Dabaj I, Gómez García-de-la-Banda M, Quijano-Roy S, Brugada J, Nascimento A, Sarquella-Brugada G. Characterization of cardiac involvement in children with LMNA-related muscular dystrophy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1142937. [PMID: 36968203 PMCID: PMC10036759 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1142937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: LMNA-related muscular dystrophy is a rare entity that produce "laminopathies" such as Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD), limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B (LGMD1B), and LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy (L-CMD). Heart failure, malignant arrhythmias, and sudden death may occur. No consensus exists on cardiovascular management in pediatric laminopathies. The aim was to perform an exhaustive cardiologic follow-up in pediatric patients diagnosed with LMNA-related muscular dystrophy. Methods: Baseline cardiac work-up consisted of clinical assessment, transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, 12-lead electrocardiogram, electrophysiological study, and implantation of a long-term implantable cardiac loop recorder (ILR). Results: We enrolled twenty-eight pediatric patients diagnosed with EDMD (13 patients), L-CMD (11 patients), LGMD1B (2 patients), and LMNA-related mild weakness (2 patients). Follow-up showed dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in six patients and malignant arrhythmias in five (four concomitant with DCM) detected by the ILR that required implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation. Malignant arrhythmias were detected in 20% of our cohort and early-onset EDMD showed worse cardiac prognosis. Discussion: Patients diagnosed with early-onset EDMD are at higher risk of DCM, while potentially life-threatening arrhythmias without DCM appear earlier in L-CMD patients. Early onset neurologic symptoms could be related with worse cardiac prognosis. Specific clinical guidelines for children are needed to prevent sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Cesar
- Pediatric Arrhythmias, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort sobtada, Malalties Cardiovasculars en el Desenvolupament, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Oscar Campuzano
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, University of Girona-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Cruzalegui
- Pediatric Arrhythmias, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort sobtada, Malalties Cardiovasculars en el Desenvolupament, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victori Fiol
- Pediatric Arrhythmias, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort sobtada, Malalties Cardiovasculars en el Desenvolupament, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Isaac Moll
- Pediatric Arrhythmias, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort sobtada, Malalties Cardiovasculars en el Desenvolupament, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Estefania Martínez-Barrios
- Pediatric Arrhythmias, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort sobtada, Malalties Cardiovasculars en el Desenvolupament, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Irene Zschaeck
- Pediatric Arrhythmias, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort sobtada, Malalties Cardiovasculars en el Desenvolupament, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Investigación Aplicada en Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Neurociències, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Daniel Natera-de Benito
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Investigación Aplicada en Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Neurociències, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carlos Ortez
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Investigación Aplicada en Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Neurociències, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Laura Carrera
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Investigación Aplicada en Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Neurociències, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jessica Expósito
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Investigación Aplicada en Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Neurociències, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Rubén Berrueco
- Servicio de Hematología Pediátrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (IRP-HSJD), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Bautista-Rodriguez
- Paediatric Cardiology Services, Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy’s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Dabaj
- Neuromuscular Unit, Pediatric Neurology and ICU Department, Raymond Poincaré Hospital (UVSQ), AP-HP Université Paris-Saclay, Garches, France
| | - Marta Gómez García-de-la-Banda
- Neuromuscular Unit, Pediatric Neurology and ICU Department, Raymond Poincaré Hospital (UVSQ), AP-HP Université Paris-Saclay, Garches, France
| | - Susana Quijano-Roy
- Neuromuscular Unit, Pediatric Neurology and ICU Department, Raymond Poincaré Hospital (UVSQ), AP-HP Université Paris-Saclay, Garches, France
| | - Josep Brugada
- Pediatric Arrhythmias, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort sobtada, Malalties Cardiovasculars en el Desenvolupament, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Arrhythmia Section, Cardiology Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Nascimento
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Investigación Aplicada en Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Neurociències, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Georgia Sarquella-Brugada
- Pediatric Arrhythmias, Inherited Cardiac Diseases and Sudden Death Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Arrítmies Pediàtriques, Cardiologia Genètica i Mort sobtada, Malalties Cardiovasculars en el Desenvolupament, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart), Amsterdam, Netherlands
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9
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Chen Y, Liu D, Li X, Nie K, Yan S, Peng H, Zhuang Y, Sun M. Aggressive alternative splicing events discovered in cecum ligation and puncture induced lung injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 655:90-96. [PMID: 36933312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Acute lung injury (ALI) induced by sepsis and its complications have high morbidity and mortality rates globally. The objective of this study was to enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanism of ALI by identifying potential splicing events that are regulated in this condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CLP mouse model was utilized for mRNA sequencing, and the expression and splicing data were analyzed. Verification of the changes in expression and splicing induced by CLP was conducted using qPCR and RT-PCR. RESULTS Our results showed that splicing-related genes were regulated, suggesting that splicing regulation may be a key mechanism in ALI. We also found that more than 2900 genes displayed alternative splicing in the lungs of mice with sepsis. Using RT-PCR, we verified that TLR4 and other genes had differential splicing isoforms in the lungs of mice with sepsis. We confirmed the presence of TLR4-s in the lungs of mice with sepsis using RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that sepsis-induced ALI can significantly alter splicing in the lungs of mice. The list of DASGs and splicing factors is valuable for further study in the search for new treatment approaches for sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhuo Chen
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ke Nie
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Songjuan Yan
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Hu Peng
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yugang Zhuang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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10
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Wang Y, Dobreva G. Epigenetics in LMNA-Related Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050783. [PMID: 36899919 PMCID: PMC10001118 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene for lamin A/C (LMNA) cause a diverse range of diseases known as laminopathies. LMNA-related cardiomyopathy is a common inherited heart disease and is highly penetrant with a poor prognosis. In the past years, numerous investigations using mouse models, stem cell technologies, and patient samples have characterized the phenotypic diversity caused by specific LMNA variants and contributed to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of heart disease. As a component of the nuclear envelope, LMNA regulates nuclear mechanostability and function, chromatin organization, and gene transcription. This review will focus on the different cardiomyopathies caused by LMNA mutations, address the role of LMNA in chromatin organization and gene regulation, and discuss how these processes go awry in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (G.D.)
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11
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Groh WJ, Bhakta D, Tomaselli GF, Aleong RG, Teixeira RA, Amato A, Asirvatham SJ, Cha YM, Corrado D, Duboc D, Goldberger ZD, Horie M, Hornyak JE, Jefferies JL, Kääb S, Kalman JM, Kertesz NJ, Lakdawala NK, Lambiase PD, Lubitz SA, McMillan HJ, McNally EM, Milone M, Namboodiri N, Nazarian S, Patton KK, Russo V, Sacher F, Santangeli P, Shen WK, Sobral Filho DC, Stambler BS, Stöllberger C, Wahbi K, Wehrens XHT, Weiner MM, Wheeler MT, Zeppenfeld K. 2022 HRS expert consensus statement on evaluation and management of arrhythmic risk in neuromuscular disorders. Heart Rhythm 2022; 19:e61-e120. [PMID: 35500790 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This international multidisciplinary document is intended to guide electrophysiologists, cardiologists, other clinicians, and health care professionals in caring for patients with arrhythmic complications of neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). The document presents an overview of arrhythmias in NMDs followed by detailed sections on specific disorders: Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2; myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2; Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B; facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy; and mitochondrial myopathies, including Friedreich ataxia and Kearns-Sayre syndrome, with an emphasis on managing arrhythmic cardiac manifestations. End-of-life management of arrhythmias in patients with NMDs is also covered. The document sections were drafted by the writing committee members according to their area of expertise. The recommendations represent the consensus opinion of the expert writing group, graded by class of recommendation and level of evidence utilizing defined criteria. The recommendations were made available for public comment; the document underwent review by the Heart Rhythm Society Scientific and Clinical Documents Committee and external review and endorsement by the partner and collaborating societies. Changes were incorporated based on these reviews. By using a breadth of accumulated available evidence, the document is designed to provide practical and actionable clinical information and recommendations for the diagnosis and management of arrhythmias and thus improve the care of patients with NMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Groh
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Deepak Bhakta
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | - Anthony Amato
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Domenico Corrado
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Denis Duboc
- Cardiology Department, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Zachary D Goldberger
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Minoru Horie
- Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Otsu, Japan
| | | | | | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Kalman
- Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Neal K Lakdawala
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pier D Lambiase
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, University College London, and St Bartholomew's Hospital London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hugh J McMillan
- Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Narayanan Namboodiri
- Sree Chitra Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | | | | | - Frederic Sacher
- Bordeaux University Hospital, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Stöllberger
- Second Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Landstraße, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karim Wahbi
- Cardiology Department, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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12
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Peng Y, Tang Q, Xiao F, Fu N. Regulation of Lipid Metabolism by Lamin in Mutation-Related Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:820857. [PMID: 35281936 PMCID: PMC8914069 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.820857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamins, known as type 5 intermediate fibers, are composed of lamin A, lamin C, lamin B1, and lamin B2, which are encoded by LMNA and LMNB genes, respectively. Importantly, mutations in nuclear lamins not only participate in lipid disorders but also in the human diseases, such as lipodystrophy, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Among those diseases, the mechanism of lamin has been widely discussed. Thereby, this review mainly focuses on the regulatory mechanism of the mutations in the lamin gene in lipid alterations and the human diseases. Considering the protean actions, targeting nuclear lamins may be a potent therapeutic avenue for lipid metabolic disorders and human diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Peng
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang, China
| | - Qianyu Tang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Clinical Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Nian Fu, ; Fan Xiao,
| | - Nian Fu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, Hengyang, China
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Clinical Research Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Nian Fu, ; Fan Xiao,
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13
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Nuclear Lamins: Key Proteins for Embryonic Development. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020198. [PMID: 35205065 PMCID: PMC8869099 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The biology of a multicellular organism is extremely complex, leaving behind a realm of compound yet systematic mechanisms still to be unraveled. The nucleus is a vital cellular organelle adapted to storing and regulating the hereditary genetic information. Dysregulation of the nucleus can have profound effects on the physiology and viability of cells. This becomes extremely significant in the context of development, where the whole organism arises from a single cell, the zygote. Therefore, even a mild aberration at this stage can have profound effects on the whole organism. However, studying the function of individual nuclear components at this point is exceptionally complicated because this phase is inherently under the control of maternal factors stored in the female germ cell, the egg. Here, we focus on the lamins, as essential nuclear components, and summarize the current knowledge of their role in development. Although scientists encounter challenges working with these miniscule yet key proteins, the demand to know more is increasing gradually due to the mutations caused in lamins leading to irreversible phenotypic conditions in humans. Abstract Lamins are essential components of the nuclear envelope and have been studied for decades due to their involvement in several devastating human diseases, the laminopathies. Despite intensive research, the molecular basis behind the disease state remains mostly unclear with a number of conflicting results regarding the different cellular functions of nuclear lamins being published. The field of developmental biology is no exception. Across model organisms, the types of lamins present in early mammalian development have been contradictory over the years. Due to the long half-life of the lamin proteins, which is a maternal factor that gets carried over to the zygote after fertilization, investigators are posed with challenges to dive into the functional aspects and significance of lamins in development. Due to these technical limitations, the role of lamins in early mammalian embryos is virtually unexplored. This review aims in converging results that were obtained so far in addition to the complex functions that ceases if lamins are mutated.
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14
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Abstract
The nuclear envelope is composed of the nuclear membranes, nuclear lamina, and nuclear pore complexes. Laminopathies are diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding protein components of the lamina and these other nuclear envelope substructures. Mutations in the single gene encoding lamin A and C, which are expressed in most differentiated somatic cells, cause diseases affecting striated muscle, adipose tissue, peripheral nerve, and multiple systems with features of accelerated aging. Mutations in genes encoding other nuclear envelope proteins also cause an array of diseases that selectively affect different tissues or organs. In some instances, the molecular and cellular consequences of laminopathy-causing mutations are known. However, even when these are understood, mechanisms explaining specific tissue or organ pathology remain enigmatic. Current mechanistic hypotheses focus on how alterations in the nuclear envelope may affect gene expression, including via the regulation of signaling pathways, or cellular mechanics, including responses to mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Shin
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Howard J. Worman
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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15
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Keil L, Berisha F, Knappe D, Kubisch C, Shoukier M, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L, Hellenbroich Y, Woitschach R, Magnussen C. LMNA Mutation in a Family with a Strong History of Sudden Cardiac Death. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020169. [PMID: 35205214 PMCID: PMC8871815 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a family with heterozygous deletion of exons 3–6 of the LMNA gene. The main presentation of affected family members was characterized by ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias, atrioventricular (AV) block and sudden cardiac death (SCD) but also by severe dilative cardiomyopathy (DCM). We report on two siblings, a 36-year-old female and her 40-year-old brother, who suffer from heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction, AV conduction delays and premature ventricular complexes. Their 65-year-old mother underwent heart transplantation at the age of 55 due to advanced heart failure. Originally, the LMNA mutation was detected in one of the uncles. This index patient and three of his brothers died of SCD as well as their father and aunt. The two siblings were treated with implanted defibrillators in our specialized tertiary heart failure center. This case report places this specific genetic variant in the context of LMNA-associated familial DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Keil
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (D.K.); (P.K.); (L.F.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Filip Berisha
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (D.K.); (P.K.); (L.F.); (C.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dorit Knappe
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (D.K.); (P.K.); (L.F.); (C.M.)
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (C.K.); (R.W.)
| | - Moneef Shoukier
- Prenatal Medicine Munich, Department of Molecular Genetics, 80639 Munich, Germany;
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (D.K.); (P.K.); (L.F.); (C.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (D.K.); (P.K.); (L.F.); (C.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yorck Hellenbroich
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany;
| | - Rixa Woitschach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (C.K.); (R.W.)
| | - Christina Magnussen
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; (F.B.); (D.K.); (P.K.); (L.F.); (C.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Malashicheva A, Perepelina K. Diversity of Nuclear Lamin A/C Action as a Key to Tissue-Specific Regulation of Cellular Identity in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:761469. [PMID: 34722546 PMCID: PMC8548693 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.761469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A-type lamins are the main structural components of the nucleus, which are mainly localized at the nucleus periphery. First of all, A-type lamins, together with B-type lamins and proteins of the inner nuclear membrane, form a stiff structure-the nuclear lamina. Besides maintaining the nucleus cell shape, A-type lamins play a critical role in many cellular events, such as gene transcription and epigenetic regulation. Nowadays it is clear that lamins play a very important role in determining cell fate decisions. Various mutations in genes encoding A-type lamins lead to damages of different types of tissues in humans, collectively known as laminopathies, and it is clear that A-type lamins are involved in the regulation of cell differentiation and stemness. However, the mechanisms of this regulation remain unclear. In this review, we discuss how A-type lamins can execute their regulatory role in determining the differentiation status of a cell. We have summarized recent data focused on lamin A/C action mechanisms in regulation of cell differentiation and identity development of stem cells of different origin. We also discuss how this knowledge can promote further research toward a deeper understanding of the role of lamin A/C mutations in laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Malashicheva
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kseniya Perepelina
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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17
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Microtubule-based transport is essential to distribute RNA and nascent protein in skeletal muscle. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6079. [PMID: 34707124 PMCID: PMC8551216 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While the importance of RNA localization in highly differentiated cells is well appreciated, basic principles of RNA localization in skeletal muscle remain poorly characterized. Here, we develop a method to detect and quantify single molecule RNA localization patterns in skeletal myofibers, and uncover a critical role for directed transport of RNPs in muscle. We find that RNAs localize and are translated along sarcomere Z-disks, dispersing tens of microns from progenitor nuclei, regardless of encoded protein function. We find that directed transport along the lattice-like microtubule network of myofibers becomes essential to achieve this localization pattern as muscle development progresses; disruption of this network leads to extreme accumulation of RNPs and nascent protein around myonuclei. Our observations suggest that global active RNP transport may be required to distribute RNAs in highly differentiated cells and reveal fundamental mechanisms of gene regulation, with consequences for myopathies caused by perturbations to RNPs or microtubules.
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18
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Preclinical Advances of Therapies for Laminopathies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214834. [PMID: 34768351 PMCID: PMC8584472 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminopathies are a group of rare disorders due to mutation in LMNA gene. Depending on the mutation, they may affect striated muscles, adipose tissues, nerves or are multisystemic with various accelerated ageing syndromes. Although the diverse pathomechanisms responsible for laminopathies are not fully understood, several therapeutic approaches have been evaluated in patient cells or animal models, ranging from gene therapies to cell and drug therapies. This review is focused on these therapies with a strong focus on striated muscle laminopathies and premature ageing syndromes.
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19
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Nicolas HA, Hua K, Quigley H, Ivare J, Tesson F, Akimenko MA. A CRISPR/Cas9 zebrafish lamin A/C mutant model of muscular laminopathy. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:645-661. [PMID: 34599606 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lamin A/C gene (LMNA) mutations frequently cause cardiac and/or skeletal muscle diseases called striated muscle laminopathies. We created a zebrafish muscular laminopathy model using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to target the zebrafish lmna gene. RESULTS Heterozygous and homozygous lmna mutants present skeletal muscle damage at 1 day post-fertilization (dpf), and mobility impairment at 4 to 7 dpf. Cardiac structure and function analyses between 1 and 7 dpf show mild and transient defects in the lmna mutants compared to wild type (WT). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of genes implicated in striated muscle laminopathies show a decrease in jun and nfκb2 expression in 7 dpf homozygous lmna mutants compared to WT. Homozygous lmna mutants have a 1.26-fold protein increase in activated Erk 1/2, kinases associated with striated muscle laminopathies, compared to WT at 7 dpf. Activated Protein Kinase C alpha (Pkc α), a kinase that interacts with lamin A/C and Erk 1/2, is also upregulated in 7 dpf homozygous lmna mutants compared to WT. CONCLUSIONS This study presents an animal model of skeletal muscle laminopathy where heterozygous and homozygous lmna mutants exhibit prominent skeletal muscle abnormalities during the first week of development. Furthermore, this is the first animal model that potentially implicates Pkc α in muscular laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A Nicolas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khang Hua
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hailey Quigley
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Ivare
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frédérique Tesson
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Andrée Akimenko
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Zhang W, Liu M, Dupont RL, Huang K, Yu L, Liu S, Wang X, Wang C. Conservation and Identity Selection of Cationic Residues Flanking the Hydrophobic Regions in Intermediate Filament Superfamily. Front Chem 2021; 9:752630. [PMID: 34540811 PMCID: PMC8443778 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.752630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the hydrophobic interactions generated by the nonpolar region and the proximal functional groups within nanometers of the nonpolar region offers a promising strategy to manipulate the intermolecular hydrophobic attractions in an artificial molecule system, but the outcomes of such modulations in the building of a native protein architecture remain unclear. Here we focus on the intermediate filament (IF) coiled-coil superfamily to assess the conservation of positively charged residue identity via a biostatistical approach. By screening the disease-correlated mutations throughout the IF superfamily, 10 distinct hotspots where a cation-to-cation substitution is associated with a pathogenic syndrome have been identified. The analysis of the local chemical context surrounding the hotspots revealed that the cationic diversity depends on their separation distance to the hydrophobic domain. The nearby cationic residues flanking the hydrophobic domain of a helix (separation <1 nm) are relatively conserved in evolution. In contrast, the cationic residues that are not adjacent to the hydrophobic domain (separation >1 nm) tolerate higher levels of variation and replaceability. We attribute this bias in the conservation degree of the cationic residue identity to reflect the interplay between the proximal cations and the hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Robert L Dupont
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kai Huang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lanlan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuli Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Civil Aviation School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Chenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Koo H, Hwang JY, Jung S, Park H, Bok J, Park JW. Position Specific Alternative Splicing and Gene Expression Profiles Along the Tonotopic Axis of Chick Cochlea. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:726976. [PMID: 34568429 PMCID: PMC8456117 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.726976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) refers to the production of multiple mRNA isoforms from a single gene due to alternative selection of exons or splice sites during pre-mRNA splicing. It is a primary mechanism of gene regulation in higher eukaryotes and significantly expands the functional complexity of eukaryotic organisms, contributing to animal development and disease. Recent studies have shown that AS also influences functional diversity by affecting the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles in a position-dependent manner in a single organ. The peripheral hearing organ, the cochlea, is organized to detect sounds at different frequencies depending on its location along the longitudinal axis. This unique functional configuration, the tonotopy, is known to be facilitated by differential gene expression along the cochlear duct. We profiled transcriptome-wide gene expression and AS changes that occur within the different positions of chick cochlea. These analyses revealed distinct gene expression profiles and AS, including a splicing program that is unique to tonotopy. Changes in the expression of splicing factors PTBP3, ESRP1, and ESRP2 were demonstrated to contribute to position-specific AS. RNA-binding motif enrichment analysis near alternatively spliced exons provided further insight into the combinatorial regulation of AS at different positions by different RNA-binding proteins. These data, along with gene ontology (GO) analysis, represent a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic regulation of AS at different positions in chick cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiyeun Koo
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Sungbo Jung
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Hyeyoung Park
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinwoong Bok
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juw Won Park
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- KY INBRE Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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22
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Vignier N, Chatzifrangkeskou M, Pinton L, Wioland H, Marais T, Lemaitre M, Le Dour C, Peccate C, Cardoso D, Schmitt A, Wu W, Biferi MG, Naouar N, Macquart C, Beuvin M, Decostre V, Bonne G, Romet-Lemonne G, Worman HJ, Tedesco FS, Jégou A, Muchir A. The non-muscle ADF/cofilin-1 controls sarcomeric actin filament integrity and force production in striated muscle laminopathies. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109601. [PMID: 34433058 PMCID: PMC8411111 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cofilins are important for the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, sarcomere organization, and force production. The role of cofilin-1, the non-muscle-specific isoform, in muscle function remains unclear. Mutations in LMNA encoding A-type lamins, intermediate filament proteins of the nuclear envelope, cause autosomal Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). Here, we report increased cofilin-1 expression in LMNA mutant muscle cells caused by the inability of proteasome degradation, suggesting a protective role by ERK1/2. It is known that phosphorylated ERK1/2 directly binds to and catalyzes phosphorylation of the actin-depolymerizing factor cofilin-1 on Thr25. In vivo ectopic expression of cofilin-1, as well as its phosphorylated form on Thr25, impairs sarcomere structure and force generation. These findings present a mechanism that provides insight into the molecular pathogenesis of muscular dystrophies caused by LMNA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vignier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Maria Chatzifrangkeskou
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Luca Pinton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hugo Wioland
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Marais
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Mégane Lemaitre
- Sorbonne Université, UMS28, Phénotypage du Petit Animal, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Le Dour
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Peccate
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Déborah Cardoso
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alain Schmitt
- Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Cochin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria-Grazia Biferi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Naïra Naouar
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Coline Macquart
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Maud Beuvin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Decostre
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesco Saverio Tedesco
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK; Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Antoine Jégou
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Muchir
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, 75013 Paris, France.
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23
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Onoue K, Wakimoto H, Jiang J, Parfenov M, DePalma S, Conner D, Gorham J, McKean D, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Saito Y. Cardiomyocyte Proliferative Capacity Is Restricted in Mice With Lmna Mutation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:639148. [PMID: 34250035 PMCID: PMC8260675 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.639148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
LMNA is one of the leading causative genes of genetically inherited dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Unlike most DCM-causative genes, which encode sarcomeric or sarcomere-related proteins, LMNA encodes nuclear envelope proteins, lamin A and C, and does not directly associate with contractile function. However, a mutation in this gene could lead to the development of DCM. The molecular mechanism of how LMNA mutation contributes to DCM development remains largely unclear and yet to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to clarify the mechanism of developing DCM caused by LMNA mutation. Methods and Results: We assessed cardiomyocyte phenotypes and characteristics focusing on cell cycle activity in mice with Lmna mutation. Both cell number and cell size were reduced, cardiomyocytes were immature, and cell cycle activity was retarded in Lmna mutant mice at both 5 weeks and 2 years of age. RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis revealed "proliferation of cells" had the most substantial impact on Lmna mutant mice. Cdkn1a, which encodes the cell cycle regulating protein p21, was strongly upregulated in Lmna mutants, and upregulation of p21 was confirmed by Western blot and immunostaining. DNA damage, which is known to upregulate Cdkn1a, was more abundantly detected in Lmna mutant mice. To assess the proliferative capacity of cardiomyocytes, the apex of the neonate mouse heart was resected, and recovery from the insult was observed. A restricted cardiomyocyte proliferating capacity after resecting the apex of the heart was observed in Lmna mutant mice. Conclusions: Our results strongly suggest that loss of lamin function contributes to impaired cell proliferation through cell cycle defects. The inadequate inborn or responsive cell proliferation capacity plays an essential role in developing DCM with LMNA mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Onoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hiroko Wakimoto
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jiangming Jiang
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael Parfenov
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Steven DePalma
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Conner
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joshua Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David McKean
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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24
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Brennan CM, Emerson CP, Owens J, Christoforou N. p38 MAPKs - roles in skeletal muscle physiology, disease mechanisms, and as potential therapeutic targets. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149915. [PMID: 34156029 PMCID: PMC8262482 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
p38 MAPKs play a central role in orchestrating the cellular response to stress and inflammation and in the regulation of myogenesis. Potent inhibitors of p38 MAPKs have been pursued as potential therapies for several disease indications due to their antiinflammatory properties, although none have been approved to date. Here, we provide a brief overview of p38 MAPKs, including their role in regulating myogenesis and their association with disease progression. Finally, we discuss targeting p38 MAPKs as a therapeutic approach for treating facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy and other muscular dystrophies by addressing multiple pathological mechanisms in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles P Emerson
- Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Program, Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jane Owens
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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El Marabti E, Abdel-Wahab O. Therapeutic Modulation of RNA Splicing in Malignant and Non-Malignant Disease. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:643-659. [PMID: 33994320 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
RNA splicing is the enzymatic process by which non-protein coding sequences are removed from RNA to produce mature protein-coding mRNA. Splicing is thereby a major mediator of proteome diversity as well as a dynamic regulator of gene expression. Genetic alterations disrupting splicing of individual genes or altering the function of splicing factors contribute to a wide range of human genetic diseases as well as cancer. These observations have resulted in the development of therapies based on oligonucleotides that bind to RNA sequences and modulate splicing for therapeutic benefit. In parallel, small molecules that bind to splicing factors to alter their function or modify RNA processing of individual transcripts are being pursued for monogenic disorders as well as for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettaib El Marabti
- Clinical Transplant Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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26
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Jędrzejowska M, Potulska-Chromik A, Gos M, Gambin T, Dębek E, Rosiak E, Stępień A, Szymańczak R, Wojtaś B, Gielniewski B, Ciara E, Sobczyńska A, Chrzanowska K, Kostera-Pruszczyk A, Madej-Pilarczyk A. Floppy infant syndrome as a first manifestation of LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021; 32:115-121. [PMID: 33940562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy (L-CMD) is the most severe phenotypic form of skeletal muscle laminopathies. This paper reports clinical presentation of the disease in 15 Polish patients from 13 families with genetically confirmed skeletal muscle laminopathy. In all these patients floppy infant syndrome was the first manifestation of the disease. The genetic diagnosis was established by next generation sequencing (targeted panel or exome; 11 patients) or classic Sanger sequencing (4 patients). In addition to known pathogenic LMNA variants: c.116A > G (p.Asn39Ser), c.745C > T (p.Arg249Trp), c.746G > A (p.Arg249Gln), c.1072G > A (p.Glu358Lys), c.1147G > A (p.Glu383Lys), c.1163G > C (p.Arg388Pro), c.1357C > T (p.Arg453Trp), c.1583C > G (p.Thr528Arg), we have identified three novel ones: c.121C > G (p.Arg41Gly), c.1127A > G (p.Tyr376Cys) and c.1160T > C (p.Leu387Pro). Eleven patients had de novo mutations, 4 - familial. In one family we observed intrafamilial variability of clinical course: severe L-CMD in the male proband, intermediate form in his sister and asymptomatic in their mother. One asymptomatic father had somatic mosaicism. L-CMD should be suspected in children with hypotonia in infancy and delayed motor development, who have poor head control, severe hyperlordosis and unstable and awkward gait. Serum creatine kinase may be high (~1000IU/l). Progression of muscle weakness is fast, leading to early immobilization. In some patients with L-CMD joint contractures can develop with time. MRI shows that the most frequently affected muscles are the serratus anterior, lumbar paraspinal, gluteus, vastus, adductor magnus, hamstrings, medial head of gastrocnemius and soleus. Ultra-rare laminopathies can be a relatively common cause of generalized hypotonia in children. Introduction of wide genome sequencing methods was a breakthrough in diagnostics of diseases with great clinical and genetic variability and allowed approach "from genotype do phenotype". However target sequencing of LMNA gene could be considered in selected patients with clinical picture suggestive for laminopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jędrzejowska
- Rare Diseases Research Platform, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Monika Gos
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gambin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Dębek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Rosiak
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Stępień
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Bartosz Wojtaś
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Gielniewski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Ciara
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Krystyna Chrzanowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Disorders Caused by Mutations in Genes Encoding Intermediate Filament Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084256. [PMID: 33923914 PMCID: PMC8073371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments are major components of the cytoskeleton. Desmin and synemin, cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins and A-type lamins, nuclear intermediate filament proteins, play key roles in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Desmin, encoded by the DES gene (OMIM *125660) and A-type lamins by the LMNA gene (OMIM *150330), have been involved in striated muscle disorders. Diseases include desmin-related myopathy and cardiomyopathy (desminopathy), which can be manifested with dilated, restrictive, hypertrophic, arrhythmogenic, or even left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy, Emery–Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD2 and EDMD3, due to LMNA mutations), LMNA-related congenital Muscular Dystrophy (L-CMD) and LMNA-linked dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction system defects (CMD1A). Recently, mutations in synemin (SYNM gene, OMIM *606087) have been linked to cardiomyopathy. This review will summarize clinical and molecular aspects of desmin-, lamin- and synemin-related striated muscle disorders with focus on LMNA and DES-associated clinical entities and will suggest pathogenetic hypotheses based on the interplay of desmin and lamin A/C. In healthy muscle, such interplay is responsible for the involvement of this network in mechanosignaling, nuclear positioning and mitochondrial homeostasis, while in disease it is disturbed, leading to myocyte death and activation of inflammation and the associated secretome alterations.
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28
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Ben Yaou R, Yun P, Dabaj I, Norato G, Donkervoort S, Xiong H, Nascimento A, Maggi L, Sarkozy A, Monges S, Bertoli M, Komaki H, Mayer M, Mercuri E, Zanoteli E, Castiglioni C, Marini-Bettolo C, D'Amico A, Deconinck N, Desguerre I, Erazo-Torricelli R, Gurgel-Giannetti J, Ishiyama A, Kleinsteuber KS, Lagrue E, Laugel V, Mercier S, Messina S, Politano L, Ryan MM, Sabouraud P, Schara U, Siciliano G, Vercelli L, Voit T, Yoon G, Alvarez R, Muntoni F, Pierson TM, Gómez-Andrés D, Reghan Foley A, Quijano-Roy S, Bönnemann CG, Bonne G. International retrospective natural history study of LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab075. [PMID: 34240052 PMCID: PMC8260964 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies due to heterozygous pathogenic variants in LMNA gene cover a broad spectrum of clinical presentations and severity with an age of onset ranging from the neonatal period to adulthood. The natural history of these conditions is not well defined, particularly in patients with congenital or early onset who arguably present with the highest disease burden. Thus the definition of natural history endpoints along with clinically revelant outcome measures is essential to establishing both clinical care planning and clinical trial readiness for this patient group. We designed a large international cross-sectional retrospective natural history study of patients with genetically proven muscle laminopathy who presented with symptoms before two years of age intending to identify and characterize an optimal clinical trial cohort with pertinent motor, cardiac and respiratory endpoints. Quantitative statistics were used to evaluate associations between LMNA variants and distinct clinical events. The study included 151 patients (median age at symptom onset 0.9 years, range: 0.0–2.0). Age of onset and age of death were significantly lower in patients who never acquired independent ambulation compared to patients who achieved independent ambulation. Most of the patients acquired independent ambulation (n = 101, 66.9%), and subsequently lost this ability (n = 86; 85%). The age of ambulation acquisition (median: 1.2 years, range: 0.8–4.0) and age of ambulation loss (median: 7 years, range: 1.2–38.0) were significantly associated with the age of the first respiratory interventions and the first cardiac symptoms. Respiratory and gastrointestinal interventions occurred during first decade while cardiac interventions occurred later. Genotype–phenotype analysis showed that the most common mutation, p.Arg249Trp (20%), was significantly associated with a more severe disease course. This retrospective natural history study of early onset LMNA-related muscular dystrophy confirms the progressive nature of the disorder, initially involving motor symptoms prior to onset of other symptoms (respiratory, orthopaedic, cardiac and gastrointestinal). The study also identifies subgroups of patients with a range of long-term outcomes. Ambulatory status was an important mean of stratification along with the presence or absence of the p.Arg249Trp mutation. These categorizations will be important for future clinical trial cohorts. Finally, this study furthers our understanding of the progression of early onset LMNA-related muscular dystrophy and provides important insights into the anticipatory care needs of LMNA-related respiratory and cardiac manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabah Ben Yaou
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France.,APHP-Sorbonne Université, Neuromuscular Disorders Reference Center of Nord-Est-Île de France, FILNEMUS, ERN-Euro-NMD, Service de Neuromyologie, Institute de Myologie, G.H. Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris F-75013, France
| | - Pomi Yun
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ivana Dabaj
- APHP-Université Paris-Saclay, Neuromuscular Disorders Reference Center of Nord-Est-Île de France, FILNEMUS, ERN-Euro-NMD, Pediatric Neurology and ICU Department, DMU Santé Enfant Adolescent (SEA), Raymond Poincaré University Hospital, Garches France.,INSERM U 1245, ED497, School of Medicine, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Gina Norato
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hui Xiong
- INSERM U 1245, ED497, School of Medicine, Rouen University, Rouen, France
| | - Andrés Nascimento
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lorenzo Maggi
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER - ISC III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Sarkozy
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Instituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy.,Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust, London, UK
| | - Soledad Monges
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Bertoli
- Northern Genetics Service, The Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hirofumi Komaki
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michèle Mayer
- APHP-Sorbonne Université, Neuromuscular Disorders Reference Center of Nord-Est-Île de France, FILNEMUS, ERN-Euro-NMD, Department of Neuropediatrics, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Eugenio Mercuri
- Paediatric Neurology, Policlinico Gemelli, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Edmar Zanoteli
- Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Chiara Marini-Bettolo
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Integrated Laboratory Medicine, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Adele D'Amico
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative diseases, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric science,s Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- Paediatric Neurology Department and neuromuscular Center, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Desguerre
- APHP-Centre - Université de Paris, Neuromuscular Disorders Reference Center of Nord-Est-Île de France, FILNEMUS, ERN-Euro-NMD, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ricardo Erazo-Torricelli
- Neurología Pediátrica, Unidad Neuromuscular, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juliana Gurgel-Giannetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology Service, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Akihiko Ishiyama
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karin S Kleinsteuber
- Neurología Pediátrica Hospital Roberto del Río- Universidad de Chile - Clínica Las Condes Santiago, Chile
| | - Emmanuelle Lagrue
- CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais de Tours, INSERM U1253, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Laugel
- Department of neuropediatrics, CHU Strasbourg- Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sandra Mercier
- Service de Génétique médicale, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Sonia Messina
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luisa Politano
- Cardiomiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Monique M Ryan
- Children's Neurosciences Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pascal Sabouraud
- Service de Pédiatrie A, Neurologie pédiatrique, CHU de Reims, American Memorial Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Ulrike Schara
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, Children's Hospital 1, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Liliana Vercelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Thomas Voit
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Instituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy.,National Institute for Health Research Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Grace Yoon
- Divisions of Neurology and Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Alvarez
- Congenital Muscle Disease International Registry (CMDIR), Cure CMD, Lakewood, CA, USA
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Instituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy.,National Institute for Health Research Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Tyler M Pierson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology and the Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Gómez-Andrés
- Pediatric Neurology (ERN-RND - EURO-NMD), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Reghan Foley
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susana Quijano-Roy
- APHP-Université Paris-Saclay, Neuromuscular Disorders Reference Center of Nord-Est-Île de France, FILNEMUS, ERN-Euro-NMD, Pediatric Neurology and ICU Department, DMU Santé Enfant Adolescent (SEA), Raymond Poincaré University Hospital, Garches France.,INSERM U 1179, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), France
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France.,APHP-Sorbonne Université, Neuromuscular Disorders Reference Center of Nord-Est-Île de France, FILNEMUS France, ERN-Euro-NMD, Paris, France
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Dridi H, Wu W, Reiken SR, Ofer RM, Liu Y, Yuan Q, Sittenfeld L, Kushner J, Muchir A, Worman HJ, Marks AR. Ryanodine receptor remodeling in cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy caused by lamin A/C gene mutation. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:3919-3934. [PMID: 33388782 PMCID: PMC7906753 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA), which encodes A-type lamins, cause several diseases called laminopathies, the most common of which is dilated cardiomyopathy with muscular dystrophy. The role of Ca2+ regulation in these diseases remain poorly understood. We now show biochemical remodeling of the ryanodine receptor (RyR)/intracellular Ca2+ release channel in heart samples from human subjects with LMNA mutations, including protein kinase A-catalyzed phosphorylation, oxidation and depletion of the stabilizing subunit calstabin. In the LmnaH222P/H222P murine model of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy caused by LMNA mutation, we demonstrate an age-dependent biochemical remodeling of RyR2 in the heart and RyR1 in skeletal muscle. This RyR remodeling is associated with heart and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Defective heart and muscle function are ameliorated by treatment with a novel Rycal small molecule drug (S107) that fixes 'leaky' RyRs. SMAD3 phosphorylation is increased in hearts and diaphragms of LmnaH222P/H222P mice, which enhances NADPH oxidase binding to RyR channels, contributing to their oxidation. There is also increased generalized protein oxidation, increased calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-catalyzed phosphorylation of RyRs and increased protein kinase A activity in these tissues. Our data show that RyR remodeling plays a role in cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle dysfunction caused by LMNA mutation and identify these Ca2+ channels as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikel Dridi
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Steven R Reiken
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rachel M Ofer
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Leah Sittenfeld
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jared Kushner
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Antoine Muchir
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrew R Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia, University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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30
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Sanchez F, Weitz C, Gutierrez JM, Mestroni L, Hanneman K, Vargas D. Cardiac MR Imaging of Muscular Dystrophies. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2021; 51:225-234. [PMID: 33551194 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a group of inherited disorders caused by mutations that interfere with muscular structure, contraction, or relaxation. As the cardiac sarcomeric unit shares multiple proteins with the skeletal muscle unit, the heart is affected in several MDs, sometimes without apparent musculoskeletal involvement. Early detection of MD-related cardiomyopathy is crucial as timely initiation of cardioprotective therapy can slow adverse cardiac remodeling. Although transthoracic echocardiography is widely used for the evaluation of cardiac morphology and function, it has limitations in terms of reproducibility and image quality. The need for an optimal acoustic window may be particularly challenging to obtain in patients with MDs given their body habitus and position. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has emerged as a useful tool in the evaluation of patients with MDs. Its superb tissue characterization capability through late gadolinium enhancement, T1 mapping, extracellular volume fraction quantification, and edema imaging detects early cardiac involvement, even when echocardiography and electrocardiogram are unremarkable. MDs that frequently present with cardiac involvement include Duchenne MD, Becker MD, Emery Dreifuss MD, Limb-Girdle MDs, and myotonic dystrophy. The purpose of this review article is to briefly describe the pathophysiology of these entities, discuss their clinical presentation and expected evolution, explain the role of CMR in the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients, and portray the different CMR findings present in MD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Sanchez
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto - University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Carolina Weitz
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hospital Clinico Felix Bulnes Cerda, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose M Gutierrez
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Institute, Aurora, CO
| | - Kate Hanneman
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto - University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Vargas
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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31
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Atalaia A, Ben Yaou R, Wahbi K, De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Vigouroux C, Bonne G. Laminopathies' Treatments Systematic Review: A Contribution Towards a 'Treatabolome'. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 8:419-439. [PMID: 33682723 PMCID: PMC8203247 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variants in the LMNA gene, encoding lamins A/C, are responsible for a growing number of diseases, all of which complying with the definition of rare diseases. LMNA-related disorders have a varied phenotypic expression with more than 15 syndromes described, belonging to five phenotypic groups: Muscular Dystrophies, Neuropathies, Cardiomyopathies, Lipodystrophies and Progeroid Syndromes. Overlapping phenotypes are also reported. Linking gene and variants with phenotypic expression, disease mechanisms, and corresponding treatments is particularly challenging in laminopathies. Treatment recommendations are limited, and very few are variant-based. OBJECTIVE The Treatabolome initiative aims to provide a shareable dataset of existing variant-specific treatment for rare diseases within the Solve-RD EU project. As part of this project, we gathered evidence of specific treatments for laminopathies via a systematic literature review adopting the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) guidelines for scientific data production. METHODS Treatments for LMNA-related conditions were systematically collected from MEDLINE and Embase bibliographic databases and clinical trial registries (Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, clinicaltrial.gov and EudraCT). Two investigators extracted and analyzed the literature data independently. The included papers were assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence. RESULTS From the 4783 selected articles by a systematic approach, we identified 78 papers for our final analysis that corresponded to the profile of data defined in the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These papers include 2 guidelines/consensus papers, 4 meta-analyses, 14 single-arm trials, 15 case series, 13 cohort studies, 21 case reports, 8 expert reviews and 1 expert opinion. The treatments were summarized electronically according to significant phenome-genome associations. The specificity of treatments according to the different laminopathic phenotypical presentations is variable. CONCLUSIONS We have extracted Treatabolome-worthy treatment recommendations for patients with different forms of laminopathies based on significant phenome-genome parings. This dataset will be available on the Treatabolome website and, through interoperability, on genetic diagnosis and treatment support tools like the RD-Connect's Genome Phenome Analysis Platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Atalaia
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Center of Research in Myology, G.H. Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Rabah Ben Yaou
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Center of Research in Myology, G.H. Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Neuromyology Department, Centre de référence maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France (FILNEMUS network), Institut de Myologie, G.H. Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Karim Wahbi
- APHP, Cochin Hospital, Cardiology Department, FILNEMUS, Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Nord/Est/Ile de France, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Annachiara De Sandre-Giovannoli
- AP-HM, Department of Medical Genetics, and CRB-TAC (CRB AP-HM), Children’s Hospital La Timone, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, Marseille Medical Genetics Marseille, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- AP-HP Saint-Antoine Hospital, Reference Centre of Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Departments of Molecular Biology and Genetics and of Endocrinology, 75012 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Center of Research in Myology, G.H. Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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32
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Using nuclear envelope mutations to explore age-related skeletal muscle weakness. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2177-2187. [PMID: 32844998 PMCID: PMC7450176 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle weakness is an important determinant of age-related declines in independence and quality of life but its causes remain unclear. Accelerated ageing syndromes such as Hutchinson-Gilford Progerin Syndrome, caused by mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins, have been extensively studied to aid our understanding of the normal biological ageing process. Like several other pathologies associated with genetic defects to nuclear envelope proteins including Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, Limb-Girdle muscular dystrophy and congenital muscular dystrophy, these disorders can lead to severe muscle dysfunction. Here, we first describe the structure and function of nuclear envelope proteins, and then review the mechanisms by which mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins induce premature ageing diseases and muscle pathologies. In doing so, we highlight the potential importance of such genes in processes leading to skeletal muscle weakness in old age.
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33
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Zaganas I, Mastorodemos V, Spilioti M, Mathioudakis L, Latsoudis H, Michaelidou K, Kotzamani D, Notas K, Dimitrakopoulos K, Skoula I, Ioannidis S, Klothaki E, Erimaki S, Stavropoulos G, Vassilikos V, Amoiridis G, Efthimiadis G, Evangeliou A, Mitsias P. Genetic cause of heterogeneous inherited myopathies in a cohort of Greek patients. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 25:100682. [PMID: 33304817 PMCID: PMC7711282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited muscle disorders are caused by pathogenic changes in numerous genes. Herein, we aimed to investigate the etiology of muscle disease in 24 consecutive Greek patients with myopathy suspected to be genetic in origin, based on clinical presentation and laboratory and electrophysiological findings and absence of known acquired causes of myopathy. Of these, 16 patients (8 females, median 24 years-old, range 7 to 67 years-old) were diagnosed by Whole Exome Sequencing as suffering from a specific type of inherited muscle disorder. Specifically, we have identified causative variants in 6 limb-girdle muscular dystrophy genes (6 patients; ANO5, CAPN3, DYSF, ISPD, LAMA2, SGCA), 3 metabolic myopathy genes (4 patients; CPT2, ETFDH, GAA), 1 congenital myotonia gene (1 patient; CLCN1), 1 mitochondrial myopathy gene (1 patient; MT-TE) and 3 other myopathy-associated genes (4 patients; CAV3, LMNA, MYOT). In 6 additional family members affected by myopathy, we reached genetic diagnosis following identification of a causative variant in an index patient. In our patients, genetic diagnosis ended a lengthy diagnostic process and, in the case of Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and Pompe's disease, it enabled specific treatment to be initiated. These results further expand the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of inherited myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Zaganas
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Neurology Department, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Martha Spilioti
- AHEPA General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lambros Mathioudakis
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Helen Latsoudis
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kleita Michaelidou
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitra Kotzamani
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Notas
- AHEPA General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Irene Skoula
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Stefanos Ioannidis
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eirini Klothaki
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sophia Erimaki
- Neurophysiology Unit, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Stavropoulos
- Hippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilios Vassilikos
- Hippokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Amoiridis
- Neurophysiology Unit, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Efthimiadis
- AHEPA General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Evangeliou
- Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panayiotis Mitsias
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Neurophysiology Unit, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital/Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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34
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Heo SC, Kwon YW, Park GT, Kwon SM, Bae SS, Park BJ, Kim JH. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Therapy of Peripheral Artery Disease Is Stimulated by a Lamin A-Progerin Binding Inhibitor. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 9:460-473. [PMID: 33024737 PMCID: PMC7521968 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.3.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have been reported to promote angiogenesis and tissue repair. However, poor survival and engraftment efficiency of transplanted ASCs are the major bottlenecks for therapeutic application. The present study aims to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ASCs for peripheral artery diseases. Methods Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to induce apoptotic cell death in ASCs. To measure apoptosis, we used flow cytometry-based apoptosis analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. A murine hindlimb ischemia model was established to measure the ASC-mediated therapeutic angiogenesis and in vivo survival ability of ASCs. Results We identified that the inhibitor of lamin A-progerin binding, JH4, protects ASCs against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Co-administration of ASCs with JH4 improved ASC-mediated blood reperfusion recovery and limb salvage compared to that of the control group in a mouse hind limb ischemia model. Immunofluorescence showed that JH4 treatment potentiated ASC-mediated vascular regeneration via reducing ASC apoptosis post transplantation. Conclusion JH4 exerts anti-apoptotic effects in ASCs in conditions of oxidative stress, and contributes to the repair of ischemic hind limb injury by improving cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Chul Heo
- Department of Oral Physiology and Periodontal Diseases Signaling Network Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Physiology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yang Woo Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Gyu Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sang Mo Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
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35
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Cardoso D, Muchir A. Need for NAD +: Focus on Striated Muscle Laminopathies. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102248. [PMID: 33036437 PMCID: PMC7599962 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminopathies are a heterogeneous group of rare diseases caused by genetic mutations in the LMNA gene, encoding A-type lamins. A-type lamins are nuclear envelope proteins which associate with B-type lamins to form the nuclear lamina, a meshwork underlying the inner nuclear envelope of differentiated cells. The laminopathies include lipodystrophies, progeroid phenotypes and striated muscle diseases. Research on striated muscle laminopathies in the recent years has provided novel perspectives on the role of the nuclear lamina and has shed light on the pathological consequences of altered nuclear lamina. The role of altered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in the physiopathology of striated muscle laminopathies has been recently highlighted. Here, we have summarized these findings and reviewed the current knowledge about NAD+ alteration in striated muscle laminopathies, providing potential therapeutic approaches.
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36
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Fan Y, Tan D, Song D, Zhang X, Chang X, Wang Z, Zhang C, Chan SHS, Wu Q, Wu L, Wang S, Yan H, Ge L, Yang H, Mao B, Bönnemann C, Liu J, Wang S, Yuan Y, Wu X, Zhang H, Xiong H. Clinical spectrum and genetic variations of LMNA-related muscular dystrophies in a large cohort of Chinese patients. J Med Genet 2020; 58:326-333. [PMID: 32571898 PMCID: PMC8086255 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background LMNA-related muscular dystrophy is caused by mutations in LMNA gene. We aimed to identify genetic variations and clinical features in a large cohort of Chinese patients with LMNA mutations in an attempt to establish genotype-phenotype correlation. Methods The clinical presentations of patients with LMNA-related muscular dystrophy were recorded using retrospective and prospective cohort study. LMNA mutation analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing. Mosaicism was detected by personal genome machine amplicon deep sequencing for mosaicism. Results Eighty-four patients were identified to harbour LMNA mutations. Forty-one of those were diagnosed with LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy (L-CMD), 32 with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) and 11 with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B (LGMD1B). We identified 21 novel and 29 known LMNA mutations. Two frequent mutations were identified: c.745C>T and c.1357C>T. A correlation between the location of mutation and the clinical phenotype was observed: mutations affecting the head and coil 2A domains mainly occurred in L-CMD, while the coil 2B and Ig-like domains mainly related to EDMD and LGMD1B. We found somatic mosaicism in one parent of four probands. Muscle biopsies revealed 11 of 20 biopsied L-CMD exhibited inflammatory changes, and muscle cell ultrastructure showed abnormal nuclear morphology. Conclusions Our detailed clinical and genetic analysis of 84 patients with LMNA-related muscular dystrophy expands clinical spectrum and broadens genetic variations caused by LMNA mutations. We identified 21 novel and 29 known LMNA mutations and found two frequent mutations. A correlation between the location of mutation and the clinical severity was observed. Preliminary data suggested that low-dose corticosteroid treatment may be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Jiujiang University Clinical Medical College, Jiujiang University Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Danyu Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Center of Ultrastructural Pathology, Lab of Electron Microscopy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingzhi Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sophelia Hoi-Shan Chan
- Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qixi Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liwen Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ge
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haipo Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Mao
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Carsten Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jingying Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Suxia Wang
- Center of Ultrastructural Pathology, Lab of Electron Microscopy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiru Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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37
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An Omics View of Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10020050. [PMID: 32549253 PMCID: PMC7354601 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in Omics technologies has started to empower personalized healthcare development at a thorough biomolecular level. Omics have subsidized medical breakthroughs that have started to enter clinical proceedings. The use of this scientific know-how has surfaced as a way to provide a more far-reaching view of the biological mechanisms behind diseases. This review will focus on the discoveries made using Omics and the utility of these approaches for Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.
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Mutated lamin A modulates stiffness in muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:861-867. [PMID: 32540097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is a complex network interlinking filaments that extend throughout the cytoplasm from the nucleus to the plasma membrane. Three major types of filaments are found in the cytoskeleton: actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. They play a key role in the ability of cells to both resist mechanical stress and generate force. However, the precise involvement of intermediate filament proteins in these processes remains unclear. Here, we focused on nuclear A-type lamins, which are connected to the cytoskeleton via the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Using micro-constriction rheology, we investigated the impact of A-type lamins (p.H222P) mutation on the mechanical properties of muscle cells. We demonstrate that the expression of point mutation of lamin A in muscle cells increases cellular stiffness compared with cells expressing wild type lamin A and that the chemical agent selumetinib, an inhibitor of the ERK1/2 signaling, reversed the mechanical alterations in mutated cells. These results highlight the interplay between A-type lamins and mechano-signaling, which are supported by cell biology measurements.
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Lessel I, Chen MJ, Lüttgen S, Arndt F, Fuchs S, Meien S, Thiele H, Jones JR, Shaw BR, Crossman DK, Nürnberg P, Korf BR, Kubisch C, Lessel D. Two novel cases further expand the phenotype of TOR1AIP1-associated nuclear envelopathies. Hum Genet 2020; 139:483-498. [PMID: 32055997 PMCID: PMC7078146 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic variants in TOR1AIP1, encoding the integral nuclear membrane protein LAP1 (lamina-associated polypeptide 1) with two functional isoforms LAP1B and LAP1C, have initially been linked to muscular dystrophies with variable cardiac and neurological impairment. Furthermore, a recurrent homozygous nonsense alteration, resulting in loss of both LAP1 isoforms, was identified in seven likely related individuals affected by multisystem anomalies with progeroid-like appearance and lethality within the 1st decade of life. Here, we have identified compound heterozygosity in TOR1AIP1 affecting both LAP1 isoforms in two unrelated individuals affected by congenital bilateral hearing loss, ventricular septal defect, bilateral cataracts, mild to moderate developmental delay, microcephaly, mandibular hypoplasia, short stature, progressive muscular atrophy, joint contractures and severe chronic heart failure, with much longer survival. Cellular characterization of primary fibroblasts of one affected individual revealed absence of both LAP1B and LAP1C, constitutively low lamin A/C levels, aberrant nuclear morphology including nuclear cytoplasmic channels, and premature senescence, comparable to findings in other progeroid forms of nuclear envelopathies. We additionally observed an abnormal activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2). Ectopic expression of wild-type TOR1AIP1 mitigated these cellular phenotypes, providing further evidence for the causal role of identified genetic variants. Altogether, we thus further expand the TOR1AIP1-associated phenotype by identifying individuals with biallelic loss-of-function variants who survived beyond the 1st decade of life and reveal novel molecular consequences underlying the TOR1AIP1-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mei-Jan Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 36394, USA
| | - Sabine Lüttgen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Arndt
- Department for Pediatric Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Fuchs
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Meien
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julie R Jones
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, 29646, USA
| | - Brandon R Shaw
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 36394, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 36394, USA
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bruce R Korf
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 36394, USA
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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Heller SA, Shih R, Kalra R, Kang PB. Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Muscle Nerve 2019; 61:436-448. [PMID: 31840275 PMCID: PMC7154529 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a rare muscular dystrophy, but is particularly important to diagnose due to frequent life-threatening cardiac complications. EDMD classically presents with muscle weakness, early contractures, cardiac conduction abnormalities and cardiomyopathy, although the presence and severity of these manifestations vary by subtype and individual. Associated genes include EMD, LMNA, SYNE1, SYNE2, FHL1, TMEM43, SUN1, SUN2, and TTN, encoding emerin, lamin A/C, nesprin-1, nesprin-2, FHL1, LUMA, SUN1, SUN2, and titin, respectively. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database recognizes subtypes 1 through 7, which captures most but not all of the associated genes. Genetic diagnosis is essential whenever available, but traditional diagnostic tools can help steer the evaluation toward EDMD and assist with interpretation of equivocal genetic test results. Management is primarily supportive, but it is important to monitor patients closely, especially for potential cardiac complications. There is a high potential for progress in the treatment of EDMD in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Heller
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Renata Shih
- Congenital Heart Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Raghav Kalra
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Peter B Kang
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.,Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.,Genetics Institute and Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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41
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Choi SA, Cho A, Kim SY, Kim WJ, Shim YK, Lee JS, Jang SS, Lim BC, Kim H, Hwang H, Choi JE, Kim KJ, Kim MJ, Seong MW, Chae JH. Importance of early diagnosis in LMNA-related muscular dystrophy for cardiac surveillance. Muscle Nerve 2019; 60:668-672. [PMID: 31498906 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The identification of LMNA-related muscular dystrophy is important because it poses life-threatening cardiac complications. However, diagnosis of LMNA-related muscular dystrophy based on clinical features is challenging. METHODS We reviewed the clinical phenotypes of 14 children with LMNA variants, focusing on the cardiac function and genotypes. RESULTS Most patients presented with motor developmental delay or gait abnormalities. Eight (57%) patients had prominent neck extensor weakness or contractures. All patients showed ankle contractures at an early stage. Regular cardiac surveillance allowed for the detection of dysrhythmias in 57% of patients at a mean age of 14 years (range, 5-26). All patients had missense variants; however, there were no clear phenotype-genotype correlations. DISCUSSION Early diagnosis of LMNA-related muscular dystrophy provides an opportunity for cardiac surveillance, potentially leading to the prevention of cardiac mortality in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ah Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Anna Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Joong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kyu Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Sook Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Se Song Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Chan Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hunmin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hee Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Joong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon-Woo Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Bianchi A, Manti PG, Lucini F, Lanzuolo C. Mechanotransduction, nuclear architecture and epigenetics in Emery Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy: tous pour un, un pour tous. Nucleus 2019; 9:276-290. [PMID: 29619865 PMCID: PMC5973142 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1460044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The alteration of the several roles that Lamin A/C plays in the mammalian cell leads to a broad spectrum of pathologies that – all together – are named laminopathies. Among those, the Emery Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD) is of particular interest as, despite the several known mutations of Lamin A/C, the genotype–phenotype correlation still remains poorly understood; this suggests that the epigenetic background of patients might play an important role during the time course of the disease. Historically, both a mechanical role of Lamin A/C and a regulative one have been suggested as the driving force of laminopathies; however, those two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive. Recent scientific evidence shows that Lamin A/C sustains the correct gene expression at the epigenetic level thanks to the Lamina Associated Domains (LADs) reorganization and the crosstalk with the Polycomb Group of Proteins (PcG). Furthermore, the PcG-dependent histone mark H3K27me3 increases under mechanical stress, finally pointing out the link between the mechano-properties of the nuclear lamina and epigenetics. Here, we summarize the emerging mechanisms that could explain the high variability seen in Emery Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bianchi
- a CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy.,b Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi , Milan , Italy
| | | | - Federica Lucini
- b Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi , Milan , Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzuolo
- a CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy.,b Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi , Milan , Italy.,c Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy
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Abstract
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD), clinically characterized by scapulo-humero-peroneal muscle atrophy and weakness, multi-joint contractures with spine rigidity and cardiomyopathy with conduction defects, is associated with structural/functional defect of genes that encode the proteins of nuclear envelope, including lamin A and several lamin-interacting proteins. This paper presents clinical aspects of EDMD in context to causative genes, genotype-phenotype correlation and its emplacement within phenotypic spectrum of skeletal muscle diseases associated with envelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Madej-Pilarczyk
- a Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
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44
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Wang Y, Shin JY, Nakanishi K, Homma S, Kim GJ, Tanji K, Joseph LC, Morrow JP, Stewart CL, Dauer WT, Worman HJ. Postnatal development of mice with combined genetic depletions of lamin A/C, emerin and lamina-associated polypeptide 1. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:2486-2500. [PMID: 31009944 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in LMNA encoding lamin A/C and EMD encoding emerin cause cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy. Lmna null mice develop these disorders and have a lifespan of 7-8 weeks. Emd null mice show no overt pathology and have normal skeletal muscle but with regeneration defects. We generated mice with germline deletions of both Lmna and Emd to determine the effects of combined loss of the encoded proteins. Mice without lamin A/C and emerin are born at the expected Mendelian ratio, are grossly normal at birth but have shorter lifespans than those lacking only lamin A/C. However, there are no major differences between these mice with regards to left ventricular function, heart ultrastructure or electrocardiographic parameters except for slower heart rates in the mice lacking both lamin A/C and emerin. Skeletal muscle is similarly affected in both of these mice. Lmna+/- mice also lacking emerin live to at least 1 year and have no significant differences in growth, heart or skeletal muscle compared to Lmna+/- mice. Deletion of the mouse gene encoding lamina-associated protein 1 leads to prenatal death; however, mice with heterozygous deletion of this gene lacking both lamin A/C and emerin are born at the expected Mendelian ratio but had a shorter lifespan than those only lacking lamin A/C and emerin. These results show that mice with combined deficiencies of three interacting nuclear envelope proteins have normal embryonic development and that early postnatal defects are primarily driven by loss of lamin A/C or lamina-associated polypeptide 1 rather than emerin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexia Wang
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ji-Yeon Shin
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kurenai Tanji
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Colin L Stewart
- Development and Regenerative Biology Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Immunos, Singapore
| | - Willian T Dauer
- Department of Neurology.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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45
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Östlund C, Chang W, Gundersen GG, Worman HJ. Pathogenic mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins and defective nucleocytoplasmic connections. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1333-1344. [PMID: 31299860 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219862243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding nuclear lamins and associated nuclear envelope proteins have been linked to a broad range of inherited diseases affecting different tissues and organs. These diseases are often referred to as laminopathies. Scientists have yet to elucidate exactly how pathogenic mutations leading to alteration of a nuclear envelope protein cause disease. Our relatively recent research has shown that pathogenic mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins lead to defective nucleocytoplasmic connections that disrupt proper functioning of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex in the establishment of cell polarity. These defects may explain, at least in part, pathogenic mechanisms underlying laminopathies.Impact statementMutations in genes encoding nuclear lamins and associated nuclear envelope proteins have been linked to several diseases affecting different tissues and organs. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying these diseases, often called laminopathies, remain poorly understood. Increased knowledge of the functions of different nuclear envelope proteins and the interactions between them is crucial to elucidate these disease mechanisms. Our research has shown that pathogenic mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins lead to defective nucleocytoplasmic connections that disrupt proper functioning of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex in the establishment of cell polarity. These defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of laminopathies and provide novel targets for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Östlund
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wakam Chang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gregg G Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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46
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Lipshultz SE, Law YM, Asante-Korang A, Austin ED, Dipchand AI, Everitt MD, Hsu DT, Lin KY, Price JF, Wilkinson JD, Colan SD. Cardiomyopathy in Children: Classification and Diagnosis: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 140:e9-e68. [PMID: 31132865 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this scientific statement from the American Heart Association, experts in the field of cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease) in children address 2 issues: the most current understanding of the causes of cardiomyopathy in children and the optimal approaches to diagnosis cardiomyopathy in children. Cardiomyopathies result in some of the worst pediatric cardiology outcomes; nearly 40% of children who present with symptomatic cardiomyopathy undergo a heart transplantation or die within the first 2 years after diagnosis. The percentage of children with cardiomyopathy who underwent a heart transplantation has not declined over the past 10 years, and cardiomyopathy remains the leading cause of transplantation for children >1 year of age. Studies from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-funded Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry have shown that causes are established in very few children with cardiomyopathy, yet genetic causes are likely to be present in most. The incidence of pediatric cardiomyopathy is ≈1 per 100 000 children. This is comparable to the incidence of such childhood cancers as lymphoma, Wilms tumor, and neuroblastoma. However, the published research and scientific conferences focused on pediatric cardiomyopathy are sparcer than for those cancers. The aim of the statement is to focus on the diagnosis and classification of cardiomyopathy. We anticipate that this report will help shape the future research priorities in this set of diseases to achieve earlier diagnosis, improved clinical outcomes, and better quality of life for these children and their families.
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Hasebe Y, Fukuda K, Nakano M, Kumagai K, Karibe A, Fujishima F, Satake H, Kondo M, Wakayama Y, Shimokawa H. Characteristics of ventricular tachycardia and long-term treatment outcome in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy complicated by lamin A/C gene mutations. J Cardiol 2019; 74:451-459. [PMID: 31060954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy caused by lamin A/C gene (LMNA) mutation is complicated with atrioventricular (AV) conduction disturbances, malignant ventricular arrhythmias, and progressive severe heart failure. Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) of ventricular tachycardia (VT) has been reported to be challenging due to the high recurrence rate in patients with LMNA-related cardiomyopathy. However, electrophysiological and histopathological characteristics of VT substrate remain to be fully elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS We experienced 6 familial patients with LMNA-related cardiomyopathy in 3 pedigrees (6 males, 43.7±4.5 [SD] years). All patients had first VT attack at 50±6.6 [SD] years of age, and 4 underwent RFCA for incessant VT. Their electrocardiograms during VT showed similar QRS morphologies, characterized by an inferior axis, SR pattern in aVR, and QS pattern in aVL, suggesting the origin of the basal anterior ventricle. Indeed, the VTs had multiple exits around the basal anterior ventricular septum in all RFCA cases. Although we performed multiple RFCA procedures including epicardial ablation and surgical cryoablation, all cases experienced VT recurrences in 4.5±6.4 [SD] months after last procedure. All patients developed end-stage heart failure with frequent VT events, and died at 59.5±3.6 years of age (severe heart failure in 5 and lung disease in 1). In three autopsy cases with RFCA, fibrofatty degeneration was noted in the AV node. In addition, in the deep basal ventricular septum, inhomogenous fibrotic degenerated tissue was noted beyond the reach of RF lesions. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that patients with LMNA-related cardiomyopathy are characterized by VTs refractory to RFCA probably because of the deep intramural focus at the basal ventricular septum, resulting in poor prognosis with progressive severe heart failure despite all available optimized therapies. Thus, we should consider heart transplantation in their early 50s when several VT events begin to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhi Hasebe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koji Fukuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Koji Kumagai
- Division of Cardiology, Gunma Prefectural Cardiovascular Center, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akihiko Karibe
- Office for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga National Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Fujishima
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Satake
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masateru Kondo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Wakayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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48
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Cellular and Animal Models of Striated Muscle Laminopathies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040291. [PMID: 30934932 PMCID: PMC6523539 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The lamin A/C (LMNA) gene codes for nuclear intermediate filaments constitutive of the nuclear lamina. LMNA has 12 exons and alternative splicing of exon 10 results in two major isoforms—lamins A and C. Mutations found throughout the LMNA gene cause a group of diseases collectively known as laminopathies, of which the type, diversity, penetrance and severity of phenotypes can vary from one individual to the other, even between individuals carrying the same mutation. The majority of the laminopathies affect cardiac and/or skeletal muscles. The underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to such tissue-specific phenotypes caused by mutations in a ubiquitously expressed gene are not yet well elucidated. This review will explore the different phenotypes observed in established models of striated muscle laminopathies and their respective contributions to advancing our understanding of cardiac and skeletal muscle-related laminopathies. Potential future directions for developing effective treatments for patients with lamin A/C mutation-associated cardiac and/or skeletal muscle conditions will be discussed.
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49
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Khromova NV, Perepelina KI, Ivanova OA, Malashicheva AB, Kostareva AA, Dmitrieva RI. R482L Mutation of the LMNA Gene Affects Dynamics of C2C12 Myogenic Differentiation and Stimulates Formation of Intramuscular Lipid Droplets. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:241-249. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Fang Y, Wu D, Birukov KG. Mechanosensing and Mechanoregulation of Endothelial Cell Functions. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:873-904. [PMID: 30873580 PMCID: PMC6697421 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) form a semiselective barrier for macromolecules and cell elements regulated by dynamic interactions between cytoskeletal elements and cell adhesion complexes. ECs also participate in many other vital processes including innate immune reactions, vascular repair, secretion, and metabolism of bioactive molecules. Moreover, vascular ECs represent a unique cell type exposed to continuous, time-dependent mechanical forces: different patterns of shear stress imposed by blood flow in macrovasculature and by rolling blood cells in the microvasculature; circumferential cyclic stretch experienced by the arterial vascular bed caused by heart propulsions; mechanical stretch of lung microvascular endothelium at different magnitudes due to spontaneous respiration or mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that vascular ECs contain mechanosensory complexes, which rapidly react to changes in mechanical loading, process the signal, and develop context-specific adaptive responses to rebalance the cell homeostatic state. The significance of the interactions between specific mechanical forces in the EC microenvironment together with circulating bioactive molecules in the progression and resolution of vascular pathologies including vascular injury, atherosclerosis, pulmonary edema, and acute respiratory distress syndrome has been only recently recognized. This review will summarize the current understanding of EC mechanosensory mechanisms, modulation of EC responses to humoral factors by surrounding mechanical forces (particularly the cyclic stretch), and discuss recent findings of magnitude-specific regulation of EC functions by transcriptional, posttranscriptional and epigenetic mechanisms using -omics approaches. We also discuss ongoing challenges and future opportunities in developing new therapies targeting dysregulated mechanosensing mechanisms to treat vascular diseases. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:873-904, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Correspondence to
| | - David Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Konstantin G. Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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