1
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Song S, Li X, Xue X, Dong W, Li C. Progress in the Study of the Role and Mechanism of HTRA1 in Diseases Related to Vascular Abnormalities. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:1479-1491. [PMID: 38650587 PMCID: PMC11034561 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s456912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
High temperature requirement A1 (HTRA1) is a member of the serine protease family, comprising four structural domains: IGFBP domain, Kazal domain, protease domain and PDZ domain. HTRA1 encodes a serine protease, a secreted protein that is widely expressed in the vasculature. HTRA1 regulates a wide range of physiological processes through its proteolytic activity, and is also involved in a variety of vascular abnormalities-related diseases. This article reviews the role of HTRA1 in the development of vascular abnormalities-related hereditary cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), tumors and other diseases. Through relevant research advances to understand the role of HTRA1 in regulating signaling pathways or refolding, translocation, degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, thus directly or indirectly regulating angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and playing an important role in vascular homeostasis, further understanding the mechanism of HTRA1's role in vascular abnormality-related diseases is important for HTRA1 to be used as a therapeutic target in related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shina Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuting Xue
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenping Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changxin Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Mizuta I, Nakao-Azuma Y, Yoshida H, Yamaguchi M, Mizuno T. Progress to Clarify How NOTCH3 Mutations Lead to CADASIL, a Hereditary Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:127. [PMID: 38254727 PMCID: PMC10813265 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is conserved in C. elegans, Drosophila, and mammals. Among the four NOTCH genes in humans, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, and NOTCH3 are known to cause monogenic hereditary disorders. Most NOTCH-related disorders are congenital and caused by a gain or loss of Notch signaling activity. In contrast, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) caused by NOTCH3 is adult-onset and considered to be caused by accumulation of the mutant NOTCH3 extracellular domain (N3ECD) and, possibly, by an impairment in Notch signaling. Pathophysiological processes following mutant N3ECD accumulation have been intensively investigated; however, the process leading to N3ECD accumulation and its association with canonical NOTCH3 signaling remain unknown. We reviewed the progress in clarifying the pathophysiological process involving mutant NOTCH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Mizuta
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (I.M.)
| | - Yumiko Nakao-Azuma
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (I.M.)
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Kansai Gakken Laboratory, Kankyo Eisei Yakuhin Co., Ltd., 3-6-2 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Kyoto 619-0237, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (I.M.)
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3
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Su C, Miao J, Guo J. The relationship between TGF-β1 and cognitive function in the brain. Brain Res Bull 2023; 205:110820. [PMID: 37979810 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a multifunctional cytokine, plays a pivotal role in synaptic formation, plasticity, and neurovascular unit regulation. This review highlights TGF-β1's potential impact on cognitive function, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative disorders. However, despite the growing body of evidence, a comprehensive understanding of TGF-β1's precise role remains elusive. Further research is essential to unravel the complex mechanisms through which TGF-β1 influences cognitive function and to explore therapeutic avenues for targeting TGF-β1 in neurodegenerative conditions. This investigation sheds light on TGF-β1's contribution to cognitive function and offers prospects for innovative treatments and interventions. This review delves into the intricate relationship between TGF-β1 and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Su
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030000, China
| | - Jie Miao
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030000, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030000, China.
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4
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Mohan K, Gasparoni G, Salhab A, Orlich MM, Geffers R, Hoffmann S, Adams RH, Walter J, Nordheim A. Age-Associated Changes in Endothelial Transcriptome and Epigenetic Landscapes Correlate With Elevated Risk of Cerebral Microbleeds. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e031044. [PMID: 37609982 PMCID: PMC10547332 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Stroke is a leading global cause of human death and disability, with advanced aging associated with elevated incidences of stroke. Despite high mortality and morbidity of stroke, the mechanisms leading to blood-brain barrier dysfunction and development of stroke with age are poorly understood. In the vasculature of brain, endothelial cells (ECs) constitute the core component of the blood-brain barrier and provide a physical barrier composed of tight junctions, adherens junctions, and basement membrane. Methods and Results We show, in mice, the incidents of intracerebral bleeding increases with age. After isolating an enriched population of cerebral ECs from murine brains at 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, we studied age-associated changes in gene expression. The study reveals age-dependent dysregulation of 1388 genes, including many involved in the maintenance of the blood-brain barrier and vascular integrity. We also investigated age-dependent changes on the levels of CpG methylation and accessible chromatin in cerebral ECs. Our study reveals correlations between age-dependent changes in chromatin structure and gene expression, whereas the dynamics of DNA methylation changes are different. Conclusions We find significant age-dependent downregulation of the Aplnr gene along with age-dependent reduction in chromatin accessibility of promoter region of the Aplnr gene in cerebral ECs. Aplnr is associated with positive regulation of vasodilation and is implicated in vascular health. Altogether, our data suggest a potential role of the apelinergic axis involving the ligand apelin and its receptor to be critical in maintenance of the blood-brain barrier and vascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Mohan
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell BiologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- International Max Planck Research School “From Molecules to Organisms”TübingenGermany
| | | | | | - Michael M. Orlich
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell BiologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- International Max Planck Research School “From Molecules to Organisms”TübingenGermany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome AnalyticsHelmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweigGermany
| | - Steve Hoffmann
- Leibniz Institute on AgingFritz Lipmann InstituteJenaGermany
| | - Ralf H. Adams
- Department of Tissue MorphogenesisMax Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineMünsterGermany
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of SaarlandSaarbrückenGermany
| | - Alfred Nordheim
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell BiologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Leibniz Institute on AgingFritz Lipmann InstituteJenaGermany
- International Max Planck Research School “From Molecules to Organisms”TübingenGermany
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5
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Yamamoto Y, Liao YC, Lee YC, Ihara M, Choi JC. Update on the Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Biomarkers of Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy. J Clin Neurol 2023; 19:12-27. [PMID: 36606642 PMCID: PMC9833879 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2023.19.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most common monogenic disorder of the cerebral small blood vessels. It is caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene on chromosome 19, and more than 280 distinct pathogenic mutations have been reported to date. CADASIL was once considered a very rare disease with an estimated prevalence of 1.3-4.1 per 100,000 adults. However, recent large-scale genomic studies have revealed a high prevalence of pathogenic NOTCH3 variants among the general population, with the highest risk being among Asians. The disease severity and age at onset vary significantly even among individuals who carry the same NOTCH3 mutations. It is still unclear whether a significant genotype-phenotype correlation is present in CADASIL. The accumulation of granular osmiophilic material in the vasculature is a characteristic feature of CADASIL. However, the exact pathogenesis of CADASIL remains largely unclear despite various laboratory and clinical observations being made. Major hypotheses proposed so far have included aberrant NOTCH3 signaling, toxic aggregation, and abnormal matrisomes. Several characteristic features have been observed in the brain magnetic resonance images of patients with CADASIL, including subcortical lacunar lesions and white matter hyperintensities in the anterior temporal lobe or external capsule, which were useful in differentiating CADASIL from sporadic stroke in patients. The number of lacunes and the degree of brain atrophy were useful in predicting the clinical outcomes of patients with CADASIL. Several promising blood biomarkers have also recently been discovered for CADASIL, which require further research for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.,Institute for Medical Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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6
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Gogna N, Hyde LF, Collin GB, Stone L, Naggert JK, Nishina PM. Current Views on Chr10q26 Contribution to Age-Related Macular Degeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1415:27-36. [PMID: 37440010 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27681-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the global aging population. Familial aggregation and genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified gene variants associated with AMD, implying a strong genetic contribution to AMD development. Two loci, on human Chr 1q31 and 10q26, respectively, represent the most influential of all genetic factors. While the role of CFH at Chr 1q31 is well established, uncertainty remains about the genes ARMS2 and HTRA1, at the Chr 10q26 locus. Since both genes are in strong linkage disequilibrium, assigning individual gene effects is difficult. In this chapter, we review current literature about ARMS2 and HTRA1 and their relevance to AMD risk. Future studies will be necessary to unravel the mechanisms by which they contribute to AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisa Stone
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
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7
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Branyan K, Labelle-Dumais C, Wang X, Hayashi G, Lee B, Peltz Z, Gorman S, Li BQ, Mao M, Gould DB. Elevated TGFβ signaling contributes to cerebral small vessel disease in mouse models of Gould syndrome. Matrix Biol 2023; 115:48-70. [PMID: 36435425 PMCID: PMC10393528 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a leading cause of stroke and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Studying monogenic CSVD can reveal pathways that are dysregulated in common sporadic forms of the disease and may represent therapeutic targets. Mutations in collagen type IV alpha 1 (COL4A1) and alpha 2 (COL4A2) cause highly penetrant CSVD as part of a multisystem disorder referred to as Gould syndrome. COL4A1 and COL4A2 form heterotrimers [a1α1α2(IV)] that are fundamental constituents of basement membranes. However, their functions are poorly understood and the mechanism(s) by which COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations cause CSVD are unknown. We used histological, molecular, genetic, pharmacological, and in vivo imaging approaches to characterize central nervous system (CNS) vascular pathologies in Col4a1 mutant mouse models of monogenic CSVD to provide insight into underlying pathogenic mechanisms. We describe developmental CNS angiogenesis abnormalities characterized by impaired retinal vascular outgrowth and patterning, increased numbers of mural cells with abnormal morphologies, altered contractile protein expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and age-related loss of arteriolar VSMCs in Col4a1 mutant mice. Importantly, we identified elevated TGFβ signaling as a pathogenic consequence of Col4a1 mutations and show that genetically suppressing TGFβ signaling ameliorated CNS vascular pathologies, including partial rescue of retinal vascular patterning defects, prevention of VSMC loss, and significant reduction of intracerebral hemorrhages in Col4a1 mutant mice aged up to 8 months. This study identifies a novel biological role for collagen α1α1α2(IV) as a regulator of TGFβ signaling and demonstrates that elevated TGFβ signaling contributes to CNS vascular pathologies caused by Col4a1 mutations. Our findings suggest that pharmacologically suppressing TGFβ signaling could reduce the severity of CSVD, and potentially other manifestations associated with Gould syndrome and have important translational implications that could extend to idiopathic forms of CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Branyan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Cassandre Labelle-Dumais
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Genki Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Bryson Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Zoe Peltz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Seán Gorman
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Bo Qiao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Mao Mao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Douglas B Gould
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States; Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bakar Aging Research Institute, and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
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8
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Yaghobi R, Afshari A, Roozbeh J. Host and viral
RNA
dysregulation during
BK
polyomavirus
infection in kidney transplant recipients. WIRES RNA 2022:e1769. [DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Afsoon Afshari
- Shiraz Nephro‐Urology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Jamshid Roozbeh
- Shiraz Nephro‐Urology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
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9
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Zhou H, Jiao B, Ouyang Z, Wu Q, Shen L, Fang L. Report of two pedigrees with heterozygous HTRA1 variants-related cerebral small vessel disease and literature review. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e2032. [PMID: 35946346 PMCID: PMC9544214 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biallelic HTRA1 pathogenic variants are associated with autosomal recessive cerebral arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL). Recent studies have indicated that heterozygous HTRA1 variants are related to autosomal dominant hereditary cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). However, few studies have assessed heterozygous HTRA1 carriers or the genotype-phenotype correlation. METHODS The clinical data of two unrelated Chinese Han families with CSVD were collected. Panel sequencing was used to search for pathogenic genes, Sanger sequencing was used for verification, three-dimensional protein models were constructed, and pathogenicity was analyzed. Published HTRA1-related phenotypes included in PubMed up to September 2021 were extensively reviewed, and the patients' genetic and clinical characteristics were summarized. RESULTS We report a novel heterozygous variant c.920T>C p.L307P in the HTRA1, whose main clinical and neuroimaging phenotypes are stroke and gait disturbance. We report another patient with the previously reported pathogenic variant HTRA1 c.589C>T p.R197X characterized by early cognitive decline. A literature review indicated that compared with CARASIL, HTRA1-related autosomal dominant hereditary CSVD has a later onset age, milder clinical symptoms, fewer extraneurological symptoms, and slower progression, indicating a milder CARASIL phenotype. In addition, HTRA1 heterozygous variants were related to a higher proportion of vascular risk factors (p < .001) and male sex (p = .022). CONCLUSION These findings broaden the known mutational spectrum and possible clinical phenotype of HTRA1. Considering the semidominant characteristics of HTRA1-related phenotypes, we recommend that all members of HTRA1 variant families undergo genetic screening and clinical follow-up if carrying pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyu Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qihui Wu
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Liangjuan Fang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
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10
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Wilkinson DJ. The serine proteinase HtrA1 is ubiquitous and abundant in osteoarthritic joints, but what is it doing? Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:1015-1018. [PMID: 35381345 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David J Wilkinson
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology and Ageing Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 W Derby St, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.
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11
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New challenges for microRNAs in acute pancreatitis: progress and treatment. J Transl Med 2022; 20:192. [PMID: 35509084 PMCID: PMC9066850 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common clinical abdominal emergency, with a high and increasing incidence each year. Severe AP can easily cause systemic inflammatory response syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction and other complications, leading to higher hospitalization rates and mortality. Currently, there is no specific treatment for AP. Thus, we still need to understand the exact AP pathogenesis to effectively cure AP. With the rise of transcriptomics, RNA molecules, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) transcribed from nonprotein-coding regions of biological genomes, have been found to be of great significance in the regulation of gene expression and to be involved in the occurrence and development of many diseases. Increasing evidence has shown that miRNAs, as regulatory RNAs, can regulate pancreatic acinar necrosis and apoptosis and local and systemic inflammation and play an important role in the development and thus potentially the diagnosis and treatment of AP. Therefore, here, the current research on the relationship between miRNAs and AP is reviewed.
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12
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Interplay between HTRA1 and classical signalling pathways in organogenesis and diseases. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1919-1927. [PMID: 35531175 PMCID: PMC9072889 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high temperature requirement factor A1 (HTRA1) is a serine protease which modulates an array of signalling pathways driving basal biological processes. HTRA1 plays a significant role in cell proliferation, migration and fate determination, in addition to controlling protein aggregates through refolding, translocation or degradation. The mutation of HTRA1 has been implicated in a plethora of disorders and this has also led to its growing interest as drug therapy target. This review details the involvement of HTRA1 in certain signalling pathways, namely the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), canonical Wingless/Integrated (WNT) and NOTCH signalling pathways during organogenesis and various disease pathogenesis such as preeclampsia, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), small vessel disease and cancer. We have also explored possible avenues of exploiting the serine proteases for therapeutic management of these disorders.
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13
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Zellner A, Müller SA, Lindner B, Beaufort N, Rozemuller AJM, Arzberger T, Gassen NC, Lichtenthaler SF, Kuster B, Haffner C, Dichgans M. Proteomic profiling in cerebral amyloid angiopathy reveals an overlap with CADASIL highlighting accumulation of HTRA1 and its substrates. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:6. [PMID: 35074002 PMCID: PMC8785498 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is an age-related condition and a major cause of intracerebral hemorrhage and cognitive decline that shows close links with Alzheimer's disease (AD). CAA is characterized by the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and formation of Aβ deposits in the brain vasculature resulting in a disruption of the angioarchitecture. Capillaries are a critical site of Aβ pathology in CAA type 1 and become dysfunctional during disease progression. Here, applying an advanced protocol for the isolation of parenchymal microvessels from post-mortem brain tissue combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we determined the proteomes of CAA type 1 cases (n = 12) including a patient with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis-Dutch type (HCHWA-D), and of AD cases without microvascular amyloid pathology (n = 13) in comparison to neurologically healthy controls (n = 12). ELISA measurements revealed microvascular Aβ1-40 levels to be exclusively enriched in CAA samples (mean: > 3000-fold compared to controls). The proteomic profile of CAA type 1 was characterized by massive enrichment of multiple predominantly secreted proteins and showed significant overlap with the recently reported brain microvascular proteome of patients with cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), a hereditary cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) characterized by the aggregation of the Notch3 extracellular domain. We found this overlap to be largely attributable to the accumulation of high-temperature requirement protein A1 (HTRA1), a serine protease with an established role in the brain vasculature, and several of its substrates. Notably, this signature was not present in AD cases. We further show that HTRA1 co-localizes with Aβ deposits in brain capillaries from CAA type 1 patients indicating a pathologic recruitment process. Together, these findings suggest a central role of HTRA1-dependent protein homeostasis in the CAA microvasculature and a molecular connection between multiple types of brain microvascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zellner
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Lindner
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Beaufort
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nils C Gassen
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Christof Haffner
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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14
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Kato T, Manabe RI, Igarashi H, Kametani F, Hirokawa S, Sekine Y, Fujita N, Saito S, Kawashima Y, Hatano Y, Ando S, Nozaki H, Sugai A, Uemura M, Fukunaga M, Sato T, Koyama A, Saito R, Sugie A, Toyoshima Y, Kawata H, Murayama S, Matsumoto M, Kakita A, Hasegawa M, Ihara M, Kanazawa M, Nishizawa M, Tsuji S, Onodera O. Candesartan prevents arteriopathy progression in cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy model. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140555. [PMID: 34779414 DOI: 10.1172/jci140555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) causes dementia and gait disturbance due to arteriopathy. Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) is a hereditary form of CSVD caused by loss of high-temperature requirement A1 (HTRA1) serine protease activity. In CARASIL, arteriopathy causes intimal thickening, smooth muscle cell (SMC) degeneration, elastic lamina splitting, and vasodilation. The molecular mechanisms were proposed to involve the accumulation of matrisome proteins as substrates or abnormalities in transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling. Here, we show that HTRA1-/- mice exhibited features of CARASIL-associated arteriopathy: intimal thickening, abnormal elastic lamina, and vasodilation. In addition, the mice exhibited reduced distensibility of the cerebral arteries and blood flow in the cerebral cortex. In the thickened intima, matrisome proteins, including the hub protein fibronectin (FN) and latent TGF-β binding protein 4 (LTBP-4), which are substrates of HTRA1, accumulated. Candesartan treatment alleviated matrisome protein accumulation and normalized the vascular distensibility and cerebral blood flow. Furthermore, candesartan reduced the mRNA expression of Fn1, Ltbp-4, and Adamtsl2, which are involved in forming the extracellular matrix network. Our results indicate that these accumulated matrisome proteins may be potential therapeutic targets for arteriopathy in CARASIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Kato
- Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Science Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ri-Ichiroh Manabe
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Genomic Analysis, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hironaka Igarashi
- Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Kametani
- Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Hirokawa
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yumi Sekine
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Natsumi Fujita
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Saito
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuya Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ando
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sugai
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshiya Sato
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihide Koyama
- Department of Legal Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Rie Saito
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch and
| | - Atsushi Sugie
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Hirotoshi Kawata
- Department of Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Brain Bank for Aging Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.,Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsumoto
- Department of Omics and Systems Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Masato Kanazawa
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Branch, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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15
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Zheng Q, Li S, Li X, Liu R. Advances in the study of emodin: an update on pharmacological properties and mechanistic basis. Chin Med 2021; 16:102. [PMID: 34629100 PMCID: PMC8504117 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, also known as rhubarb or Da Huang, has been widely used as a spice and as traditional herbal medicine for centuries, and is currently marketed in China as the principal herbs in various prescriptions, such as Da-Huang-Zhe-Chong pills and Da-Huang-Qing-Wei pills. Emodin, a major bioactive anthraquinone derivative extracted from rhubarb, represents multiple health benefits in the treatment of a host of diseases, such as immune-inflammatory abnormality, tumor progression, bacterial or viral infections, and metabolic syndrome. Emerging evidence has made great strides in clarifying the multi-targeting therapeutic mechanisms underlying the efficacious therapeutic potential of emodin, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-fibrosis, anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, and anti-diabetic properties. This comprehensive review aims to provide an updated summary of recent developments on these pharmacological efficacies and molecular mechanisms of emodin, with a focus on the underlying molecular targets and signaling networks. We also reviewed recent attempts to improve the pharmacokinetic properties and biological activities of emodin by structural modification and novel material-based targeted delivery. In conclusion, emodin still has great potential to become promising therapeutic options to immune and inflammation abnormality, organ fibrosis, common malignancy, pathogenic bacteria or virus infections, and endocrine disease or disorder. Scientifically addressing concerns regarding the poor bioavailability and vague molecular targets would significantly contribute to the widespread acceptance of rhubarb not only as a dietary supplement in food flavorings and colorings but also as a health-promoting TCM in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing, 100029, China.
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16
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Lecordier S, Manrique-Castano D, El Moghrabi Y, ElAli A. Neurovascular Alterations in Vascular Dementia: Emphasis on Risk Factors. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:727590. [PMID: 34566627 PMCID: PMC8461067 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.727590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) constitutes the second most prevalent cause of dementia in the world after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). VaD regroups heterogeneous neurological conditions in which the decline of cognitive functions, including executive functions, is associated with structural and functional alterations in the cerebral vasculature. Among these cerebrovascular disorders, major stroke, and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) constitute the major risk factors for VaD. These conditions alter neurovascular functions leading to blood-brain barrier (BBB) deregulation, neurovascular coupling dysfunction, and inflammation. Accumulation of neurovascular impairments over time underlies the cognitive function decline associated with VaD. Furthermore, several vascular risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes have been shown to exacerbate neurovascular impairments and thus increase VaD prevalence. Importantly, air pollution constitutes an underestimated risk factor that triggers vascular dysfunction via inflammation and oxidative stress. The review summarizes the current knowledge related to the pathological mechanisms linking neurovascular impairments associated with stroke, cSVD, and vascular risk factors with a particular emphasis on air pollution, to VaD etiology and progression. Furthermore, the review discusses the major challenges to fully elucidate the pathobiology of VaD, as well as research directions to outline new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lecordier
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Manrique-Castano
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Yara El Moghrabi
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
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17
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May A, Su F, Dinh B, Ehlen R, Tran C, Adivikolanu H, Shaw PX. Ongoing controversies and recent insights of the ARMS2-HTRA1 locus in age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2021; 210:108605. [PMID: 33930395 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of central vision loss among elderly populations in industrialized countries. Genome-wide association studies have consistently associated two genomic loci with progression to late-stage AMD: the complement factor H (CFH) locus on chromosome 1q31 and the age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2-HtrA serine peptidase 1 (ARMS2-HTRA1) locus on chromosome 10q26. While the CFH risk variant has been shown to alter complement activity, the ARMS2-HTRA1 risk haplotype remains enigmatic due to high linkage disequilibrium and inconsistent functional findings spanning two genes that are plausibly causative for AMD risk. In this review, we detail the genetic and functional evidence used to support either ARMS2 or HTRA1 as the causal gene for AMD risk, emphasizing both the historical development and the current understanding of the ARMS2-HTRA1 locus in AMD pathogenesis. We conclude by summarizing the evidence in favor of HTRA1 and present our hypothesis whereby HTRA1-derived ECM fragments mediate AMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam May
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Fei Su
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Brian Dinh
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Rachael Ehlen
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Christina Tran
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Harini Adivikolanu
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Peter X Shaw
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
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18
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HtrA serine proteases in cancers: A target of interest for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111603. [PMID: 34243596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The HtrA protein family is composed by evolutionally-conserved serine proteases, which are homologous to the HtrA protein of the model bacterium Escherichia coli. They are widely distributed in organisms including humans, prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Moreover, HtrA family proteins are important regulators of a variety of human physiological processes, which contains the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis, cellular signal transduction and apoptosis regulation. The HtrA family has been found to be associated with cancer and could be used as a target for future cancer treatments. The purpose of this article is to review the relationship between these HtrA and cancer and to summarize the latest researches on HtrA and cancer.
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19
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Xia Y, Lei C, Yang D, Luo H. Construction and validation of a bronchoalveolar lavage cell-associated gene signature for prognosis prediction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 92:107369. [PMID: 33493738 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease. It is urgent to identify biomarkers to precisely predict mortality. METHODS Gene expression data of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and clinical information were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We identified key modules associated with prognosis using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Then we screened genes with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression. Finally, we constructed a prognostic gene signature using multivariate Cox regression. The risk model was evaluated using the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the concordance index. Additionally, the risk model was validated using an external independent dataset. RESULTS Two key modules, strongly associated with inflammation and immune response, were identified by WGCNA. Four genes, including TLR2, CCR2, HTRA1, and SFN, were screened to construct the prognostic model. The patients with a high-risk score had a significantly worse prognosis than patients with a low-risk score. Time-dependent ROC analysis showed that the risk model had a moderate predictive performance for overall survival in the training and external validation datasets. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new insights into the prognostic value of BAL cells in IPF and it may be helpful to assist clinicians in making treatment decisions for the personalized management of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechong Xia
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Lei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danhui Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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20
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Lu ZG, May A, Dinh B, Lin V, Su F, Tran C, Adivikolanu H, Ehlen R, Che B, Wang ZH, Shaw DH, Borooah S, Shaw PX. The interplay of oxidative stress and ARMS2-HTRA1 genetic risk in neovascular AMD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 5. [PMID: 34017939 PMCID: PMC8133762 DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2020.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in adults over 60 years old globally. There are two forms of advanced AMD: “dry” and “wet”. Dry AMD is characterized by geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium and overlying photoreceptors in the macular region; whereas wet AMD is characterized by vascular penetrance from the choroid into the retina, known as choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Both phenotypes eventually lead to loss of central vision. The pathogenesis of AMD involves the interplay of genetic polymorphisms and environmental risk factors, many of which elevate retinal oxidative stress. Excess reactive oxygen species react with cellular macromolecules, forming oxidation-modified byproducts that elicit chronic inflammation and promote CNV. Additionally, genome-wide association studies have identified several genetic variants in the age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2/high-temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1 (ARMS2-HTRA1) locus associated with the progression of late-stage AMD, especially the wet subtype. In this review, we will focus on the interplay of oxidative stress and HTRA1 in drusen deposition, chronic inflammation, and chronic angiogenesis. We aim to present a multifactorial model of wet AMD progression, supporting HTRA1 as a novel therapeutic target upstream of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the conventional target in AMD therapeutics. By inhibiting HTRA1’s proteolytic activity, we can reduce pro-angiogenic signaling and prevent proteolytic breakdown of the blood-retina barrier. The anti-HTRA1 approach offers a promising alternative treatment option to wet AMD, complementary to anti-VEGF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Lu
- Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China.,Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Adam May
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Brian Dinh
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Victor Lin
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fei Su
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christina Tran
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Harini Adivikolanu
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rachael Ehlen
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Briana Che
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel H Shaw
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Westview High School, San Diego, CA 92131, USA
| | - Shyamanga Borooah
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Peter X Shaw
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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21
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Zhang Y, Yang X. The Roles of TGF-β Signaling in Cerebrovascular Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:567682. [PMID: 33072751 PMCID: PMC7530326 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.567682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death worldwide, however, little progress has been made in preventing or treating these diseases to date. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays crucial and highly complicated roles in cerebrovascular development and homeostasis, and dysregulated TGF-β signaling contributes to cerebrovascular diseases. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the functional role of TGF-β signaling in the cerebrovascular system under physiological and pathological conditions. We discuss the current understanding of TGF-β signaling in cerebral angiogenesis and the maintenance of brain vessel homeostasis. We also review the mechanisms by which disruption of TGF-β signaling triggers or promotes the progression of cerebrovascular diseases. Finally, we briefly discuss the potential of targeting TGF-β signaling to treat cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
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22
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Uemura M, Nozaki H, Kato T, Koyama A, Sakai N, Ando S, Kanazawa M, Hishikawa N, Nishimoto Y, Polavarapu K, Nalini A, Hanazono A, Kuzume D, Shindo A, El-Ghanem M, Abe A, Sato A, Yoshida M, Ikeuchi T, Mizuta I, Mizuno T, Onodera O. HTRA1-Related Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Review of the Literature. Front Neurol 2020; 11:545. [PMID: 32719647 PMCID: PMC7351529 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) is clinically characterized by early-onset dementia, stroke, spondylosis deformans, and alopecia. In CARASIL cases, brain magnetic resonance imaging reveals severe white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), lacunar infarctions, and microbleeds. CARASIL is caused by a homozygous mutation in high-temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1). Recently, it was reported that several heterozygous mutations in HTRA1 also cause cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Although patients with heterozygous HTRA1-related CSVD (symptomatic carriers) are reported to have a milder form of CARASIL, little is known about the clinical and genetic differences between the two diseases. Given this gap in the literature, we collected clinical information on HTRA1-related CSVD from a review of the literature to help clarify the differences between symptomatic carriers and CARASIL and the features of both diseases. Forty-six symptomatic carriers and 28 patients with CARASIL were investigated. Twenty-eight mutations in symptomatic carriers and 22 mutations in CARASIL were identified. Missense mutations in symptomatic carriers are more frequently identified in the linker or loop 3 (L3)/loop D (LD) domains, which are critical sites in activating protease activity. The ages at onset of neurological symptoms/signs were significantly higher in symptomatic carriers than in CARASIL, and the frequency of characteristic extraneurological findings and confluent WMHs were significantly higher in CARASIL than in symptomatic carriers. As previously reported, heterozygous HTRA1-related CSVD has a milder clinical presentation of CARASIL. It seems that haploinsufficiency can cause CSVD among symptomatic carriers according to the several patients with heterozygous nonsense/frameshift mutations. However, the differing locations of mutations found in the two diseases indicate that distinct molecular mechanisms influence the development of CSVD in patients with HTRA1-related CSVD. These findings further support continued careful examination of the pathogenicity of mutations located outside the linker or LD/L3 domain in symptomatic carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Niigata City General Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Taisuke Kato
- Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihide Koyama
- Division of Legal Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoko Sakai
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ando
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masato Kanazawa
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Kiran Polavarapu
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Atchayaram Nalini
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Akira Hanazono
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatology and Neurology, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuzume
- Department of Neurology, Chikamori Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shindo
- Department of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Mohammad El-Ghanem
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Imaging, University of Arizona-Banner University Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Arata Abe
- Department of Neurology, Nippon Medical School Musashi Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Aki Sato
- Department of Neurology, Niigata City General Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ikuko Mizuta
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Marini
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher D. Anderson
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Loss of the serine protease HTRA1 impairs smooth muscle cells maturation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18224. [PMID: 31796853 PMCID: PMC6890777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction is a hallmark of small vessel disease, a common cause of stroke and dementia. Two of the most frequently mutated genes in familial small vessel disease are HTRA1 and NOTCH3. The protease HTRA1 cleaves the NOTCH3 ligand JAG1 implying a mechanistic link between HTRA1 and Notch signaling. Here we report that HTRA1 is essential for VSMC differentiation into the contractile phenotype. Mechanistically, loss of HTRA1 increased JAG1 protein levels and NOTCH3 signaling activity in VSMC. In addition, the loss of HTRA1 enhanced TGFβ-SMAD2/3 signaling activity. Activation of either NOTCH3 or TGFβ signaling resulted in increased transcription of the HES and HEY transcriptional repressors and promoted the contractile VSMC phenotype. However, their combined over-activation led to an additive accumulation of HES and HEY proteins, which repressed the expression of contractile VSMC marker genes. As a result, VSMC adopted an immature phenotype with impaired arterial vasoconstriction in Htra1-deficient mice. These data demonstrate an essential role of HTRA1 in vascular maturation and homeostasis by controlling Notch and TGFβ signaling.
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Haffner C. Proteostasis in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1142. [PMID: 31798396 PMCID: PMC6874119 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the homeostasis of proteins (proteostasis) by controlling their synthesis, folding and degradation is a central task of cells and tissues. The gradual decline of the capacity of the various proteostasis machineries, frequently in combination with their overload through mutated, aggregation-prone proteins, is increasingly recognized as an important catalyst of age-dependent pathologies in the brain, most prominently neurodegenerative disorders. A dysfunctional proteostasis might also contribute to neurovascular disease as indicated by the occurrence of excessive protein accumulation or massive extracellular matrix expansion within vessel walls in conditions such as cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), a major cause of ischemic stroke, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Recent advances in brain vessel isolation techniques and mass spectrometry methodology have facilitated the analysis of cerebrovascular proteomes and fueled efforts to determine the proteomic signatures associated with neurovascular disease. In several studies in humans and mice considerable differences between healthy and diseased vessel proteomes were observed, emphasizing the critical contribution of an impaired proteostasis to disease pathogenesis. These findings highlight the important role of a balanced proteostasis for cerebrovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Haffner
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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26
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Zeng G, Wang Z, Huang Y, Abedin Z, Liu Y, Randhawa P. Cellular and viral miRNA expression in polyomavirus BK infection. Transpl Infect Dis 2019; 21:e13159. [PMID: 31410940 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyomavirus BK (BKV) is an important pathogen in kidney transplant patients. Regulation of BKV encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) is not well understood. Therefore, tubular epithelial cells infected with BKV were examined for changes in small RNA expression. The observed changes were further evaluated by real-time PCR and RNA-seq analysis of renal allograft biopsies. BKV-miR-B1-5p and BKV-miR-B1-3p showed a 1000-fold increase over 12 days but did not prevent cell lysis. Downregulation of host miR-10b and miR-30a could be confirmed on all three platforms evaluated. Whereas, the BKV genome expressed more 3p than 5p miRNA species, the reverse was true for the human genome. Decreased expression of TP53INP2, and increased expression of BCL2A1, IL-6, IL8 and other proinflammatory cytokines were shown in biopsies with BKV nephropathy. No change in expression was seen in miR-10a dependent expression of NKG2D ligands ULBP3, MICA, or MICB. In conclusion, BKV infection results in regulation of cellular genes regulated by and possibly amenable to therapies targeting miR-10 and miR-30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zeng
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zijie Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuchen Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Yang Liu
- PrimBio Research Institute LLC, Exton, PA, USA
| | - Parmjeet Randhawa
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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27
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Ziaei A, Xu X, Dehghani L, Bonnard C, Zellner A, Jin Ng AY, Tohari S, Venkatesh B, Haffner C, Reversade B, Shaygannejad V, Pouladi MA. Novel mutation in HTRA1 in a family with diffuse white matter lesions and inflammatory features. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2019; 5:e345. [PMID: 31403081 PMCID: PMC6659136 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the possible involvement of germline mutations in a neurologic condition involving diffuse white matter lesions. Methods The patients were 3 siblings born to healthy parents. We performed homozygosity mapping, whole-exome sequencing, site-directed mutagenesis, and immunoblotting. Results All 3 patients showed clinical manifestations of ataxia, behavioral and mood changes, premature hair loss, memory loss, and lower back pain. In addition, they presented with inflammatory-like features and recurrent rhinitis. MRI showed abnormal diffuse demyelination lesions in the brain and myelitis in the spinal cord. We identified an insertion in high-temperature requirement A (HTRA1), which showed complete segregation in the pedigree. Functional analysis showed the mutation to affect stability and secretion of truncated protein. Conclusions The patients' clinical manifestations are consistent with cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL; OMIM #600142), which is known to be caused by HTRA1 mutations. Because some aspects of the clinical presentation deviate from those reported for CARASIL, our study expands the spectrum of clinical consequences of loss-of-function mutations in HTRA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ziaei
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM) (A. Ziaei, X.X., M.A.P.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5; Department of Medicine (A. Ziaei, M.A.P.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (X.X.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University; Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University (X.X.), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (L.D.), School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Medical Biology (IMB) (C.B., B.R.), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (A. Zellner, C.H.), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Comparative Genomics Laboratory (A.Y.J.N., S.T., B.V.), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis; Department of Paediatrics (B.V.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (A. Ziaei, V.S.), Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran; and Department of Physiology (M.A.P.), National University of Singapore
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM) (A. Ziaei, X.X., M.A.P.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5; Department of Medicine (A. Ziaei, M.A.P.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (X.X.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University; Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University (X.X.), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (L.D.), School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Medical Biology (IMB) (C.B., B.R.), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (A. Zellner, C.H.), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Comparative Genomics Laboratory (A.Y.J.N., S.T., B.V.), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis; Department of Paediatrics (B.V.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (A. Ziaei, V.S.), Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran; and Department of Physiology (M.A.P.), National University of Singapore
| | - Leila Dehghani
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM) (A. Ziaei, X.X., M.A.P.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5; Department of Medicine (A. Ziaei, M.A.P.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (X.X.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University; Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University (X.X.), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (L.D.), School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Medical Biology (IMB) (C.B., B.R.), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (A. Zellner, C.H.), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Comparative Genomics Laboratory (A.Y.J.N., S.T., B.V.), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis; Department of Paediatrics (B.V.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (A. Ziaei, V.S.), Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran; and Department of Physiology (M.A.P.), National University of Singapore
| | - Carine Bonnard
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM) (A. Ziaei, X.X., M.A.P.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5; Department of Medicine (A. Ziaei, M.A.P.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (X.X.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University; Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University (X.X.), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (L.D.), School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Medical Biology (IMB) (C.B., B.R.), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (A. Zellner, C.H.), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Comparative Genomics Laboratory (A.Y.J.N., S.T., B.V.), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis; Department of Paediatrics (B.V.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (A. Ziaei, V.S.), Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran; and Department of Physiology (M.A.P.), National University of Singapore
| | - Andreas Zellner
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM) (A. Ziaei, X.X., M.A.P.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5; Department of Medicine (A. Ziaei, M.A.P.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (X.X.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University; Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University (X.X.), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (L.D.), School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Medical Biology (IMB) (C.B., B.R.), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (A. Zellner, C.H.), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Comparative Genomics Laboratory (A.Y.J.N., S.T., B.V.), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis; Department of Paediatrics (B.V.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (A. Ziaei, V.S.), Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran; and Department of Physiology (M.A.P.), National University of Singapore
| | - Alvin Yu Jin Ng
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM) (A. Ziaei, X.X., M.A.P.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5; Department of Medicine (A. Ziaei, M.A.P.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (X.X.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University; Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University (X.X.), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (L.D.), School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Medical Biology (IMB) (C.B., B.R.), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (A. Zellner, C.H.), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Comparative Genomics Laboratory (A.Y.J.N., S.T., B.V.), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis; Department of Paediatrics (B.V.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (A. Ziaei, V.S.), Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran; and Department of Physiology (M.A.P.), National University of Singapore
| | - Sumanty Tohari
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM) (A. Ziaei, X.X., M.A.P.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5; Department of Medicine (A. Ziaei, M.A.P.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (X.X.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University; Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University (X.X.), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (L.D.), School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Medical Biology (IMB) (C.B., B.R.), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (A. Zellner, C.H.), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Comparative Genomics Laboratory (A.Y.J.N., S.T., B.V.), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis; Department of Paediatrics (B.V.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (A. Ziaei, V.S.), Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran; and Department of Physiology (M.A.P.), National University of Singapore
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM) (A. Ziaei, X.X., M.A.P.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5; Department of Medicine (A. Ziaei, M.A.P.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (X.X.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University; Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University (X.X.), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (L.D.), School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Medical Biology (IMB) (C.B., B.R.), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (A. Zellner, C.H.), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Comparative Genomics Laboratory (A.Y.J.N., S.T., B.V.), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis; Department of Paediatrics (B.V.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (A. Ziaei, V.S.), Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran; and Department of Physiology (M.A.P.), National University of Singapore
| | - Christof Haffner
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM) (A. Ziaei, X.X., M.A.P.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5; Department of Medicine (A. Ziaei, M.A.P.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (X.X.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University; Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University (X.X.), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (L.D.), School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Medical Biology (IMB) (C.B., B.R.), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (A. Zellner, C.H.), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Comparative Genomics Laboratory (A.Y.J.N., S.T., B.V.), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis; Department of Paediatrics (B.V.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (A. Ziaei, V.S.), Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran; and Department of Physiology (M.A.P.), National University of Singapore
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM) (A. Ziaei, X.X., M.A.P.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5; Department of Medicine (A. Ziaei, M.A.P.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (X.X.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University; Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University (X.X.), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (L.D.), School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Medical Biology (IMB) (C.B., B.R.), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (A. Zellner, C.H.), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Comparative Genomics Laboratory (A.Y.J.N., S.T., B.V.), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis; Department of Paediatrics (B.V.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (A. Ziaei, V.S.), Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran; and Department of Physiology (M.A.P.), National University of Singapore
| | - Vahid Shaygannejad
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM) (A. Ziaei, X.X., M.A.P.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5; Department of Medicine (A. Ziaei, M.A.P.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (X.X.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University; Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University (X.X.), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (L.D.), School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Medical Biology (IMB) (C.B., B.R.), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (A. Zellner, C.H.), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Comparative Genomics Laboratory (A.Y.J.N., S.T., B.V.), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis; Department of Paediatrics (B.V.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (A. Ziaei, V.S.), Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran; and Department of Physiology (M.A.P.), National University of Singapore
| | - Mahmoud A Pouladi
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM) (A. Ziaei, X.X., M.A.P.), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5; Department of Medicine (A. Ziaei, M.A.P.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (X.X.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University; Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University (X.X.), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (L.D.), School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Medical Biology (IMB) (C.B., B.R.), A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (A. Zellner, C.H.), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Comparative Genomics Laboratory (A.Y.J.N., S.T., B.V.), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis; Department of Paediatrics (B.V.), National University of Singapore; Department of Neurology (A. Ziaei, V.S.), Isfahan Neurosciences Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran; and Department of Physiology (M.A.P.), National University of Singapore
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Usuki F, Yamashita A, Fujimura M. Environmental stresses suppress nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) and affect cells by stabilizing NMD-targeted gene expression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1279. [PMID: 30718659 PMCID: PMC6362056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a cellular mechanism that eliminates mRNAs that harbor premature translation termination codons (PTCs). Here, we investigated the effects of environmental stresses (oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress) on NMD activity. Methylmercury (MeHg) was used to cause oxidative stress and thapsigargin to stress the ER. NMD suppression, evidenced by upregulation of NMD-sensitive mRNAs and a decrease in UPF1 phosphorylation, was observed in MeHg-treated myogenic cells, cerebral cortical neuronal cells, and astroglial cells. Mild ER stress amplified NMD suppression caused by MeHg. To elucidate the cause of stress-induced NMD suppression, the role of the phospho-eIF2α/ATF4 pathway was investigated. Knockdown and non-phosphorylatable eIF2α-transfection studies demonstrated the critical role of phospho-eIF2α-mediated repression of translation in mild ER stress-induced NMD suppression. However, NMD suppression was also observed in phospho-eIF2α-deficient cells under mild ER stress. Mechanistic target of rapamycin suppression-induced inhibition of cap-dependent translation, and downregulation of the NMD components UPF1, SMG7, and eIF4A3, were probably involved in stress-induced NMD suppression. Our results indicate that stress-induced NMD suppression has the potential to affect the condition of cells and phenotypes of PTC-related diseases under environmental stresses by stabilizing NMD-targeted gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusako Usuki
- Department of Clinical Medicine, National Institute for Minamata Disease, 4058-18 Hama, Minamata, 867-0008, Japan.
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masatake Fujimura
- Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute for Minamata Disease, 4058-18 Hama, Minamata, 867-0008, Japan
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Peng X, Zhao J, Liu J, Li S. Advances in biomarkers of cerebral small vessel disease. JOURNAL OF NEURORESTORATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.26599/jnr.2019.9040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) refers to a type of syndrome caused by lesions in perforating arteries, small veins, small arteries, or capillaries, resulting in clinical, imaging, or pathological alterations. The occurrence and development of CSVD are related to various cerebrovascular risk factors, such as metabolism and genetic factors. CSVD is diagnosed based on brain imaging biomarkers; however, biomarkers capable of predicting and diagnosing CSVD early in its progression have not been found. Exploring biomarkers closely related to disease progression is of great significance for early diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, and treatment of CSVD. This article examines the research progress of CSVD biomarkers, from inflammatory biomarkers, coagulation and fibrinolysis markers, biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, biomarkers related to cerebrospinal fluid, and gene markers.
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Zellner A, Scharrer E, Arzberger T, Oka C, Domenga-Denier V, Joutel A, Lichtenthaler SF, Müller SA, Dichgans M, Haffner C. CADASIL brain vessels show a HTRA1 loss-of-function profile. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:111-125. [PMID: 29725820 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) and a phenotypically similar recessive condition (CARASIL) have emerged as important genetic model diseases for studying the molecular pathomechanisms of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). CADASIL, the most frequent and intensely explored monogenic SVD, is characterized by a severe pathology in the cerebral vasculature including the mutation-induced aggregation of the Notch3 extracellular domain (Notch3ECD) and the formation of protein deposits of insufficiently determined composition in vessel walls. To identify key molecules and pathways involved in this process, we quantitatively determined the brain vessel proteome from CADASIL patient and control autopsy samples (n = 6 for each group), obtaining 95 proteins with significantly increased abundance. Intriguingly, high-temperature requirement protein A1 (HTRA1), the extracellular protease mutated in CARASIL, was found to be strongly enriched (4.9-fold, p = 1.6 × 10-3) and to colocalize with Notch3ECD deposits in patient vessels suggesting a sequestration process. Furthermore, the presence of increased levels of several HTRA1 substrates in the CADASIL proteome was compatible with their reduced degradation as consequence of a loss of HTRA1 activity. Indeed, a comparison with the brain vessel proteome of HTRA1 knockout mice (n = 5) revealed a highly significant overlap of 18 enriched proteins (p = 2.2 × 10-16), primarily representing secreted and extracellular matrix factors. Several of them were shown to be processed by HTRA1 in an in vitro proteolysis assay identifying them as novel substrates. Our study provides evidence for a loss of HTRA1 function as a critical step in the development of CADASIL pathology linking the molecular mechanisms of two distinct SVD forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zellner
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Scharrer
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Chio Oka
- Laboratory of Gene Function in Animals, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Valérie Domenga-Denier
- Department of Genetics and Pathogenesis of Cerebrovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMRS 1161, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- DHU NeuroVasc, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne Joutel
- Department of Genetics and Pathogenesis of Cerebrovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMRS 1161, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- DHU NeuroVasc, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Haffner
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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Lee YC, Chung CP, Chao NC, Fuh JL, Chang FC, Soong BW, Liao YC. Characterization of Heterozygous HTRA1 Mutations in Taiwanese Patients With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Stroke 2018; 49:1593-1601. [PMID: 29895533 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.021283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Homozygous and compound heterozygous mutations in the high temperature requirement serine peptidase A1 gene (HTRA1) cause cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy. However, heterozygous HTRA1 mutations were recently identified to be associated with autosomal dominant cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). The present study aims at investigating the clinical features, frequency, and spectrum of HTRA1 mutations in a Taiwanese cohort with SVD. METHODS Mutational analyses of HTRA1 were performed by Sanger sequencing in 222 subjects, selected from a cohort of 337 unrelated patients with SVD after excluding those harboring a NOTCH3 mutation. The influence of these mutations on HTRA1 protease activities was characterized. RESULTS Seven novel heterozygous mutations in HTRA1 were identified, including p.Gly120Asp, p.Ile179Asn, p.Ala182Profs*33, p.Ile256Thr, p.Gly276Ala, p.Gln289Ter, and p.Asn324Thr, and each was identified in 1 single index patient. All mutations significantly compromise the HTRA1 protease activities. For the 7 index cases and another 2 affected siblings carrying a heterozygous HTRA1 mutation, the common clinical presentations include lacunar infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, cognitive decline, and spondylosis at the fifth to sixth decade of life. Among the 9 patients, 4 have psychiatric symptoms as delusion, depression, and compulsive behavior, 3 have leukoencephalopathy in anterior temporal poles, and 2 patients have alopecia. CONCLUSIONS Heterozygous HTRA1 mutations account for 2.08% (7 of 337) of SVD in Taiwan. The clinical and neuroradiological features of HTRA1-related SVD and sporadic SVD are similar. These findings broaden the mutational spectrum of HTRA1 and highlight the pathogenic role of heterozygous HTRA1 mutations in SVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chung Lee
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.-C.L., C.-P.C., N.-C.C., J.-L.F., B.-W.S., Y.-C.L.)
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; and Department of Neurology (Y.-C.L., C.-P.C., J.-L.F., B.-W.S., Y.-C.L.)
- Brain Research Center (Y.-C.L., J.-L.F., B.-W.S.), National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Chung
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.-C.L., C.-P.C., N.-C.C., J.-L.F., B.-W.S., Y.-C.L.)
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; and Department of Neurology (Y.-C.L., C.-P.C., J.-L.F., B.-W.S., Y.-C.L.)
| | - Nai-Chen Chao
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.-C.L., C.-P.C., N.-C.C., J.-L.F., B.-W.S., Y.-C.L.)
| | - Jong-Ling Fuh
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.-C.L., C.-P.C., N.-C.C., J.-L.F., B.-W.S., Y.-C.L.)
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; and Department of Neurology (Y.-C.L., C.-P.C., J.-L.F., B.-W.S., Y.-C.L.)
- Brain Research Center (Y.-C.L., J.-L.F., B.-W.S.), National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Bing-Wing Soong
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.-C.L., C.-P.C., N.-C.C., J.-L.F., B.-W.S., Y.-C.L.)
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; and Department of Neurology (Y.-C.L., C.-P.C., J.-L.F., B.-W.S., Y.-C.L.)
- Brain Research Center (Y.-C.L., J.-L.F., B.-W.S.), National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- From the Departments of Neurology (Y.-C.L., C.-P.C., N.-C.C., J.-L.F., B.-W.S., Y.-C.L.)
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; and Department of Neurology (Y.-C.L., C.-P.C., J.-L.F., B.-W.S., Y.-C.L.)
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Li XY, Ban GF, Al-Shameri B, He X, Liang DZ, Chen WX. High-temperature Requirement Protein A1 Regulates Odontoblastic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Cells via the Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1/Smad Signaling Pathway. J Endod 2018; 44:765-772. [PMID: 29580722 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dentinogenesis includes odontoblast differentiation and extracellular matrix maturation as well as dentin mineralization. It is regulated by numerous molecules. High-temperature requirement protein A1 (HtrA1) plays crucial roles in bone mineralization and development and is closely associated with the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signal in osteogenesis differentiation. Simultaneously, the TGF-β1/small mother against decapentaplegic (Smad) signaling pathway is an important signaling pathway in various physiological processes and as a downstream regulation factor of HtrA1. However, the role of HtrA1 and its relationship with the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in dentin mineralization is unknown. METHODS We detected the role of HtrA1 and its relationship with the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) in this study. First, hDPCs were cultured in mineralized medium, and odontoblastic differentiation was confirmed by investigating mineralized nodule formation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the expression of mineral-associated genes, including ALP, collagen I, and dentin sialophosphoprotein. Then, the expression of HtrA1 and TGF-β1/Smad in hDPCs was investigated in hDPCs during mineralized induction. After HtrA1 knockdown by lentivirus, the mineralized nodule formation, ALP activity, and expression of mineral-associated genes and TGF-β1/Smad genes were investigated to confirm the effect of HtrA1 on odontoblastic differentiation and its relationship with the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. RESULTS The expression of HtrA1 and TGF-β1 was increased during odontoblastic differentiation of hDPCs along with the messenger RNA expression of downstream factors of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. In addition, lentivirus-mediated HtrA1 knockdown inhibited the process of mineralization and the expression of HtrA1 and TGF-β1/Smad genes. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that HtrA1 might positively regulate odontoblastic differentiation of hDPCs through activation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yu Li
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guagnxi, China
| | - Gui-Fei Ban
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guagnxi, China
| | - Basheer Al-Shameri
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guagnxi, China
| | - Xuan He
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guagnxi, China
| | - Deng-Zhong Liang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guagnxi, China
| | - Wen-Xia Chen
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guagnxi, China.
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Klose R, Adam MG, Weis EM, Moll I, Wüstehube-Lausch J, Tetzlaff F, Oka C, Ehrmann M, Fischer A. Inactivation of the serine protease HTRA1 inhibits tumor growth by deregulating angiogenesis. Oncogene 2018; 37:4260-4272. [PMID: 29713059 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The serine protease HTRA1 is involved in several vascular diseases and its expression is often deregulated in cancer. We aimed at identifying how HTRA1 in the vasculature affects tumor growth. Here we report that silencing of HTRA1 in cultured endothelial cells increased migration rate and tube formation, whereas forced HTRA1 expression impaired sprouting angiogenesis. Mechanistically, endothelial HTRA1 expression enhanced Delta/Notch signaling by reducing the amount of the weak Notch ligand JAG1. HTRA1 physically interacted with JAG1 and cleaved it within the intracellular domain, leading to protein degradation. Expression of a constitutive active Notch1 prevented the hypersprouting phenotype upon silencing of HTRA1. In HtrA1-deficient mice, endothelial Notch signaling was diminished and isolated endothelial cells had increased expression of VEGF receptor-2. Growth of syngeneic tumors was strongly impaired in HtrA1-/- mice. The tumor vasculature was much denser in HtrA1-/- mice and less covered with mural cells. This chaotic and immature vascular network was poorly functional as indicated by large hypoxic tumor areas and low tumor cell proliferation rates. In summary, inhibition of HTRA1 in the tumor stroma impaired tumor progression by deregulating angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Klose
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - M Gordian Adam
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Metanomics Health GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Weis
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Iris Moll
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Joycelyn Wüstehube-Lausch
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.,BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Tetzlaff
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Chio Oka
- Laboratory of Gene Function in Animals, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Michael Ehrmann
- Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45117, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany. .,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany. .,Medical Clinic I, Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
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BMP-Responsive Protease HtrA1 Is Differentially Expressed in Astrocytes and Regulates Astrocytic Development and Injury Response. J Neurosci 2018; 38:3840-3857. [PMID: 29483282 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2031-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes perform a wide array of physiological functions, including structural support, ion exchange, and neurotransmitter uptake. Despite this diversity, molecular markers that label subpopulations of astrocytes are limited, and mechanisms that generate distinct astrocyte subtypes remain unclear. Here we identified serine protease high temperature requirement A 1 (HtrA1), a bone morphogenetic protein 4 signaling regulated protein, as a novel marker of forebrain astrocytes, but not of neural stem cells, in adult mice of both sexes. Genetic deletion of HtrA1 during gliogenesis accelerates astrocyte differentiation. In addition, ablation of HtrA1 in cultured astrocytes leads to altered chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expression and inhibition of neurite extension, along with elevated levels of transforming growth factor-β family proteins. Brain injury induces HtrA1 expression in reactive astrocytes, and loss of HtrA1 leads to an impairment in wound closure accompanied by increased proliferation of endothelial and immune cells. Our findings demonstrate that HtrA1 is differentially expressed in adult mouse forebrain astrocytes, and that HtrA1 plays important roles in astrocytic development and injury response.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Astrocytes, an abundant cell type in the brain, perform a wide array of physiological functions. Although characterized as morphologically and functionally diverse, molecular markers that label astrocyte subtypes or signaling pathways that lead to their diversity remain limited. Here, after examining the expression profile of astrocytes generated in response to bone morphogenetic protein signaling, we identify high temperature requirement A 1 (HtrA1) as an astrocyte-specific marker that is differentially expressed in distinct adult mouse brain regions. HtrA1 is a serine protease that has been linked to cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, a small blood vessel disease in humans. Understanding the role of HtrA1 during development and after injury will provide insights into how distinct astrocyte populations are generated and their unique roles in injury and disease.
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Globus O, Evron T, Caspi M, Siman-Tov R, Rosin-Arbesfeld R. High-Temperature Requirement A1 (Htra1) - A Novel Regulator of Canonical Wnt Signaling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17995. [PMID: 29269789 PMCID: PMC5740065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Different cancer types as well as many other diseases are caused by aberrant activation of the canonical Wnt signal transduction pathway, and it is especially implicated in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). The main effector protein of the canonical Wnt signaling cascade is β-catenin, which binds to the T- cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) and triggers the activation of Wnt target genes. Here, we identify the serine protease High-Temperature Requirement A1 (HTRA1) as a novel component of the canonical Wnt pathway. We show that the HTRA1 protein inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, in both paracrine and autocrine manners, and affects the expression of several Wnt target genes. Moreover, HTRA1 forms a complex with β-catenin and reduces the proliferation rates of cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that HTRA1 functions as a novel suppressor of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriane Globus
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Tamar Evron
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Michal Caspi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Ronen Siman-Tov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Rina Rosin-Arbesfeld
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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Xiang H, Tao X, Xia S, Qu J, Song H, Liu J, Shang D. Emodin Alleviates Sodium Taurocholate-Induced Pancreatic Acinar Cell Injury via MicroRNA-30a-5p-Mediated Inhibition of High-Temperature Requirement A/Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Inflammatory Signaling. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1488. [PMID: 29163548 PMCID: PMC5681496 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease that is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality, and it can induce pancreatic necrosis that starts within pancreatic acinar cells in severe cases. Emodin, a pleiotropic natural product isolated from the Chinese herb Rheum palmatum L., has effective anti-inflammatory activities. In this paper, we investigated the protective effects and molecular mechanism of emodin against sodium taurocholate (STC)-induced pancreatic acinar cells injury in vitro and in vivo; and the results showed that emodin could significantly alleviate STC-induced pancreatic acinar cells injury through decreasing trypsin, amylase and the release of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6). Also, we found that emodin could significantly downregulate the HTRA1, interleukin-33, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88, TNF receptor-associated factor-6, and nuclear factor kappa-B protein levels, but upregulate the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) protein level. These results indicated that emodin alleviated pancreatic acinar cells injury mainly through inhibiting HTRA1/TGF-β1 signaling pathway, and this finding was further proved by the HTRA1 overexpression experiments. In addition, the inflammatory regulator microRNA-30a-5p (miR-30a-5p) was confirmed to be a transcriptional brake that controls the HTRA1 gene through using a dual luciferase reporter assay, and it was upregulated by emodin in pancreatic acinar cells. Furthermore, the pancreatic protective effects and anti-inflammatory activities of emodin were all abrogated with both miR-30a-5p inhibitor in vitro and miR-30a-5p antagomir in vivo. Collectively, these results demonstrate that miR-30a-5p/HTRA1 are the target of emodin-mediated attenuation of pancreatic acinar cell injury in pancreatitis, thus providing the foundation for further development of this natural product for medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiang
- College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shilin Xia
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huiyi Song
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Filliat G, Mirsaidi A, Tiaden AN, Kuhn GA, Weber FE, Oka C, Richards PJ. Role of HTRA1 in bone formation and regeneration: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181600. [PMID: 28732055 PMCID: PMC5521800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mammalian high temperature requirement protease A1 (HTRA1) in somatic stem cell differentiation and mineralized matrix formation remains controversial, having been demonstrated to impart either anti- or pro-osteogenic effects, depending on the in vitro cell model used. The aim of this study was therefore to further evaluate the role of HTRA1 in regulating the differentiation potential and lineage commitment of murine mesenchymal stem cells in vitro, and to assess its influence on bone structure and regeneration in vivo. Our results demonstrated that short hairpin RNA-mediated ablation of Htra1 in the murine mesenchymal cell line C3H10T1/2 increased the expression of several osteogenic gene markers, and significantly enhanced matrix mineralization in response to BMP-2 stimulation. These effects were concomitant with decreases in the expression of chondrogenic gene markers, and increases in adipogenic gene expression and lipid accrual. Despite the profound effects of loss-of-function of HTRA1 on this in vitro osteochondral model, these were not reproduced in vivo, where bone microarchitecture and regeneration in 16-week-old Htra1-knockout mice remained unaltered as compared to wild-type controls. By comparison, analysis of femurs from 52-week-old mice revealed that bone structure was better preserved in Htra1-knockout mice than age-matched wild-type controls. These findings therefore provide additional insights into the role played by HTRA1 in regulating mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, and offer opportunities for improving our understanding of how this multifunctional protease may act to influence bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Filliat
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Mirsaidi
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André N. Tiaden
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gisela A. Kuhn
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz E. Weber
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chio Oka
- Division of Gene Function in Animals, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Peter J. Richards
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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38
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Endothelial cell-oligodendrocyte interactions in small vessel disease and aging. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:369-379. [PMID: 28202749 PMCID: PMC5310718 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a prevalent, neurological disease that significantly increases the risk of stroke and dementia. The main pathological changes are vascular, in the form of lipohyalinosis and arteriosclerosis, and in the white matter (WM), in the form of WM lesions. Despite this, it is unclear to what extent the key cell types involved–the endothelial cells (ECs) of the vasculature and the oligodendrocytes of the WM–interact. Here, we describe the work that has so far been carried out suggesting an interaction between ECs and oligodendrocytes in SVD. As these interactions have been studied in more detail in other disease states and in development, we explore these systems and discuss the role these mechanisms may play in SVD.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article is a practical guide to identifying uncommon causes of stroke and offers guidance for evaluation and management, even when large controlled trials are lacking in these rarer forms of stroke. RECENT FINDINGS Fabry disease causes early-onset stroke, particularly of the vertebrobasilar system; enzyme replacement therapy should be considered in affected patients. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), often misdiagnosed as multiple sclerosis, causes migraines, early-onset lacunar strokes, and dementia. Moyamoya disease can cause either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke; revascularization is recommended in some patients. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy causes both microhemorrhages and macrohemorrhages, resulting in typical stroke symptoms and progressive dementia. Pregnancy raises the risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, particularly in women with preeclampsia/eclampsia. Pregnant women are also at risk for posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Experts recommend that pregnant women with acute ischemic stroke not be systematically denied the potential benefits of IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. SUMMARY Neurologists should become familiar with these uncommon causes of stroke to provide future risk assessment and family counseling and to implement appropriate treatment plans to prevent recurrence.
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40
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Zurawa-Janicka D, Wenta T, Jarzab M, Skorko-Glonek J, Glaza P, Gieldon A, Ciarkowski J, Lipinska B. Structural insights into the activation mechanisms of human HtrA serine proteases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 621:6-23. [PMID: 28396256 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human HtrA1-4 proteins belong to the HtrA family of evolutionarily conserved serine proteases and function as important modulators of many physiological processes, including maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis, cell signaling and apoptosis. Disturbances in their action are linked to severe diseases, including oncogenesis and neurodegeneration. The HtrA1-4 proteins share structural and functional features of other members of the HtrA protein family, however there are several significant differences in structural architecture and mechanisms of action which makes each of them unique. Our goal is to present recent studies regarding human HtrAs. We focus on their physiological functions, structure and regulation, and describe current models of activation mechanisms. Knowledge of molecular basis of the human HtrAs' action is a subject of great interest; it is crucial for understanding their relevance in cellular physiology and pathogenesis as well as for using them as targets in future therapies of diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Zurawa-Janicka
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Wenta
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Jarzab
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Skorko-Glonek
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Glaza
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Artur Gieldon
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Ciarkowski
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Lipinska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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41
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Ng TK, Liang XY, Lu F, Liu DT, Yam GH, Ma L, Tam PO, Chen H, Cen LP, Chen LJ, Yang Z, Pang CP. Protective effects of an HTRA1 insertion-deletion variant against age-related macular degeneration in the Chinese populations. J Transl Med 2017; 97:43-52. [PMID: 27841854 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment and irreversible blindness in most developed countries, affecting about 50 million elderly people worldwide. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell degeneration is the pathophysiological cause of AMD, leading to geographic atrophy and choroidal neovascularization. We and others have previously identified several polymorphisms on chromosome 10q26 (HTRA1 rs11200638 as well as LOC387715 rs10490924 and c.372_815del443ins54) associated with AMD. In this study, we confirmed the association of our previously identified HTRA1 insertion-deletion (indel) variant (c.34delCinsTCCT) in 195 exudative AMD patients and 390 controls from the Hong Kong Chinese cohort with additional 168 patients and 210 controls from the Chengdu Chinese cohort and followed by studying its biological functions in RPE cells. Genetic analysis verified the higher prevalence of c.34delCinsTCCT allele in control subjects (8.0%) than in AMD patients (1.9%; P=7.87 × 10-5, odds ratio=0.229). This protective effect was validated as the haplotype of the c.34delCinsTCCT allele existed independent of the risk haplotype (P=1.17 × 10-5). In vitro studies showed that recombinant HTRA1 c.34delCinsTCCT variant protein was more localized in the endoplasmic reticulum of RPE cells compared with the wild-type protein, and its secretion was delayed. Moreover, ARPE-19 cells expressing HTRA1 c.34delCinsTCCT variant had higher cell viability, lower cell apoptosis and were less responsive to anoikis, supporting its protective role. We revealed a protective AMD-associated HTRA1 variant in Chinese populations and the biological role of HTRA1 in RPE cell degeneration, indicating its involvement in AMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Kin Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao Ying Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Fang Lu
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Chengdu, China
- The Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - David Tl Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Gary Hf Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Pancy Os Tam
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Haoyu Chen
- The Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Ling Ping Cen
- The Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Chengdu, China
- The Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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42
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Yamamoto Y, Ihara M. Disruption of transforming growth factor-β superfamily signaling: A shared mechanism underlying hereditary cerebral small vessel disease. Neurochem Int 2016; 107:211-218. [PMID: 28034724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is not only one of the leading causes of cognitive impairment but also an important contributory factor in Alzheimer's disease. SVD and related white matter changes are common in the elderly, but the underlying pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. The end-stage pathology of SVD often involves replacement of vascular smooth muscle cells with collagenous or other nontensile fibrillary material. Recent studies on hereditary SVD have revealed a close relationship between small vessel pathology and disruption of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling. TGF-β superfamily members, such as TGF-β and bone morphogenetic proteins, are multifunctional proteins that regulate production of extracellular matrix proteins, which in turn control the bioavailability of TGF-β superfamily members and modulate their signaling activities. This article reviews hereditary disorders with small vessel pathology and their relation to TGF-β superfamily signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Yamamoto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.
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43
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Wetzel-Strong SE, Detter MR, Marchuk DA. The pathobiology of vascular malformations: insights from human and model organism genetics. J Pathol 2016; 241:281-293. [PMID: 27859310 DOI: 10.1002/path.4844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular malformations may arise in any of the vascular beds present in the human body. These lesions vary in location, type, and clinical severity of the phenotype. In recent years, the genetic basis of several vascular malformations has been elucidated. This review will consider how the identification of the genetic factors contributing to different vascular malformations, with subsequent functional studies in animal models, has provided a better understanding of these factors that maintain vascular integrity in vascular beds, as well as their role in the pathogenesis of vascular malformations. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Wetzel-Strong
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Matthew R Detter
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Douglas A Marchuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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44
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Pankhurst MW, Chong YH, McLennan IS. Relative levels of the proprotein and cleavage-activated form of circulating human anti-Müllerian hormone are sexually dimorphic and variable during the life cycle. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/9/e12783. [PMID: 27147497 PMCID: PMC4873634 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a gonadal hormone, which induces aspects of the male phenotype, and influences ovarian follicular recruitment. AMH is synthesized as a proprotein (proAMH), which is incompletely cleaved to the receptor‐competent AMHN,C. AMH ELISAs have not distinguished between proAMH and AMHN,C; consequently, the physiological ranges of circulating proAMH and AMHN,C are unknown. A novel proAMH ELISA has been used to assay serum proAMH in humans. Total AMH was also measured, enabling the AMHN,C concentration to be calculated. Stored serum from 131 boys, 80 younger, and 106 older men were examined, with serum from 14 girls and 18 women included for comparison. The mean levels of proAMH and AMHN,C in pM were respectively: boys (253, 526), men (7.7, 36), elderly men (5.7, 19), girls (3.3, 15), and women (5.2, 27) (boys vs. men, P < 0.001; girls vs. women, P = 0.032). The proportion of proAMH as a percentage of total AMH (API) was approximately twofold higher in boys than men (P < 0.001) with little overlap between the ranges, with girls also exhibiting lesser cleavage of their AMH than women (P < 0.001). The API varied within each population group. In young men, the API did not correlate with circulating levels of the other testicular hormones (testosterone, InhB, and INSL3). In conclusion, the cleavage of circulating AMH varies extensively within the human population, with most individuals having significant levels of proAMH. The physiological and clinical relevance of circulating proAMH needs to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Pankhurst
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yih Harng Chong
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ian S McLennan
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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45
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Glanz S, Mirsaidi A, López-Fagundo C, Filliat G, Tiaden AN, Richards PJ. Loss-of-Function of HtrA1 Abrogates All-Trans Retinoic Acid-Induced Osteogenic Differentiation of Mouse Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Through Deficiencies in p70S6K Activation. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:687-98. [PMID: 26950191 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a potent inducer of osteogenic differentiation in mouse adipose-derived stromal cells (mASCs), although the underlying mechanisms responsible for its mode of action have yet to be completely elucidated. High temperature requirement protease A1 (HtrA1) is a newly recognized modulator of human multipotent stromal cell (MSC) osteogenesis and as such, may play a role in regulating ATRA-dependent osteogenic differentiation of mASCs. In this study, we assessed the influence of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-induced repression of HtrA1 production on mASC osteogenesis and examined its effects on ATRA-mediated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Inhibition of HtrA1 production in osteogenic mASCs resulted in a significant reduction of alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized matrix formation. Western blot analyses revealed the rapid activation of Akt (Ser473) and p70S6K (Thr389) in ATRA-treated mASCs, and that levels of phosphorylated p70S6K were noticeably reduced in HtrA1-deficient mASCs. Further studies using mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and siRNA specific for the p70S6K gene Rps6kb1 confirmed ATRA-mediated mASC osteogenesis as being dependent on p70S6K activation. Finally, transfection of cells with a constitutively active rapamycin-resistant p70S6K mutant could restore the mineralizing capacity of HtrA1-deficient mASCs. These findings therefore lend further support for HtrA1 as a positive mediator of MSC osteogenesis and provide new insights into the molecular mode of action of ATRA in regulating mASC lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Glanz
- 1 Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland .,2 Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Mirsaidi
- 1 Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Gladys Filliat
- 1 Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland .,2 Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André N Tiaden
- 1 Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Richards
- 1 Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland .,2 Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
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46
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Pankhurst MW, Leathart BLA, Batchelor NJ, McLennan IS. The Anti-Müllerian Hormone Precursor (proAMH) Is Not Converted to the Receptor-Competent Form (AMHN,C) in the Circulating Blood of Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1622-9. [PMID: 26828745 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a gonadal hormone that regulates aspects of male sexual differentiation and ovarian function. AMH is synthesized as the AMH proprotein precursor (proAMH), which is converted to a receptor-binding form (AMHN,C) by proteolytic cleavage. ProAMH appears to be the predominant species in the ovary, whereas AMHN,C is the prevalent form in circulation. The aim of this study was to determine whether cleavage of proAMH occurs before it is released from the gonad or while in circulation. The individual half-lives of the proAMH and AMHN,C were also determined, as this has important implications for understanding the mechanisms of AMH signaling. Recombinant human (rh)-proAMH or rh-AMHN,C was injected iv into mice. AMH levels were analyzed in a series of repeated blood samples using an assay that detects human, but not murine, AMH. The degree of cleavage of injected proAMH was assessed by immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. The elimination half-life curves were biphasic. The fast-phase elimination was estimated at 6 and 11 minutes for rh-proAMH and rh-AMHN,C, respectively. The slow-phase half-life estimates were 2.4 and 3.8 hours for rh-proAMH and rh-AMHN,C, respectively. Immunoprecipitation of rh-proAMH 1 hour after injection determined that no detectable conversion of proAMH to AMHN,C was occurring in circulation. The data suggest that the ratio of proAMH to AMHN,C in the circulation is not altered after it is released from the gonads and that the levels of these 2 circulating forms are likely to reflect AMH activity in the gonad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Pankhurst
- Department of Anatomy (M.W.P., B.-L.A.L., N.J.B., I.S.M.), University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand; and Brain Health Research Centre (I.S.M.), University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Brandi-Lee A Leathart
- Department of Anatomy (M.W.P., B.-L.A.L., N.J.B., I.S.M.), University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand; and Brain Health Research Centre (I.S.M.), University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Nicola J Batchelor
- Department of Anatomy (M.W.P., B.-L.A.L., N.J.B., I.S.M.), University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand; and Brain Health Research Centre (I.S.M.), University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ian S McLennan
- Department of Anatomy (M.W.P., B.-L.A.L., N.J.B., I.S.M.), University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand; and Brain Health Research Centre (I.S.M.), University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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47
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Daynac M, Morizur L, Chicheportiche A, Mouthon MA, Boussin FD. Age-related neurogenesis decline in the subventricular zone is associated with specific cell cycle regulation changes in activated neural stem cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21505. [PMID: 26893147 PMCID: PMC4759590 DOI: 10.1038/srep21505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although neural stem cells (NSCs) sustain continuous neurogenesis throughout the adult lifespan of mammals, they progressively exhibit proliferation defects that contribute to a sharp reduction in subventricular neurogenesis during aging. However, little is known regarding the early age-related events in neurogenic niches. Using a fluorescence-activated cell sorting technique that allows for the prospective purification of the main neurogenic populations from the subventricular zone (SVZ), we demonstrated an early decline in adult neurogenesis with a dramatic loss of progenitor cells in 4 month-old young adult mice. Whereas the activated and quiescent NSC pools remained stable up to 12 months, the proliferative status of activated NSCs was already altered by 6 months, with an overall extension of the cell cycle resulting from a specific lengthening of G1. Whole genome analysis of activated NSCs from 2- and 6-month-old mice further revealed distinct transcriptomic and molecular signatures, as well as a modulation of the TGFβ signalling pathway. Our microarray study constitutes a cogent identification of new molecular players and signalling pathways regulating adult neurogenesis and its early modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Daynac
- CEA DSV iRCM SCSR, Laboratoire de Radiopathologie, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,INSERM, UMR967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris Sud, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Lise Morizur
- CEA DSV iRCM SCSR, Laboratoire de Radiopathologie, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,INSERM, UMR967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris Sud, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alexandra Chicheportiche
- CEA DSV iRCM SCSR, Laboratoire de Radiopathologie, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,INSERM, UMR967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris Sud, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marc-André Mouthon
- CEA DSV iRCM SCSR, Laboratoire de Radiopathologie, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,INSERM, UMR967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris Sud, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - François D Boussin
- CEA DSV iRCM SCSR, Laboratoire de Radiopathologie, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,INSERM, UMR967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,Université Paris Sud, UMR 967, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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48
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Pankhurst MW, McLennan IS. A specific immunoassay for proAMH, the uncleaved proprotein precursor of anti-Müllerian hormone. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 419:165-71. [PMID: 26497604 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The utility of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) assays in assessment of female fertility have been investigated extensively but little is known about the biological activity of the hormone being studied. ProAMH is the proprotein precursor and is incapable of binding to the AMH-specific type II receptor. Proteolytic cleavage generates receptor-competent AMHN,C which is a non-covalent complex of the N- and C-terminal cleavage fragments. Commercially available AMH assays do not differentiate the two forms of AMH. Techniques were developed to dissociate the AMHN,C complex and abolish its two-site immunoassay immunoreactivity. This allowed specific quantification of proAMH. The surfactant sodium deoxycholate (DOC) dissociated AMHN,C without disrupting binding of proAMH to the capture-antibody with an optimal concentration of 0.1-0.2%w/v. The incorporation of a DOC incubation step into the AMH Gen II ELISA detected proAMH, with AMHN,C cross-detection conservatively estimated at 6.0% ± 2.5% (mean ± S.D.). The intra-assay and inter-assay variability were estimated at 8.0%CV and 13.0%CV respectively. The levels of proAMH and total AMH were assessed in 5 boys and 5 men and the proportion of proAMH was found to be significantly higher in boys (p = 0.005). This study will facilitate further investigation of the role of proteolytic cleavage in AMH signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian S McLennan
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Medical Sciences, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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49
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Genetic factors in cerebral small vessel disease and their impact on stroke and dementia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:158-71. [PMID: 25899296 PMCID: PMC4758558 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is among the most frequent causes of both stroke and dementia. There is a growing list of genes known to be implicated in Mendelian forms of SVD. Also, genome-wide association studies have identified common variants at a number of genetic loci that are associated with manifestations of SVD, among them loci for white matter hyperintensities, small vessel stroke, and deep intracerebral hemorrhage. Driven by these discoveries and new animal models substantial progress has been made in elucidating the molecular, cellular, and physiologic mechanisms underlying SVD. A major theme emerging from these studies is the extracellular matrix (ECM). Recent findings include a role of structural constituents of the ECM such as type IV collagens in hereditary and sporadic SVD, the sequestration of proteins with a known role in ECM maintenance into aggregates of NOTCH3, and altered signaling through molecules known to interact with the ECM. Here, we review recent progress in the identification of genes involved in SVD and discuss mechanistic concepts with a particular focus on the ECM.
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Perturbations of the cerebrovascular matrisome: A convergent mechanism in small vessel disease of the brain? J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:143-57. [PMID: 25853907 PMCID: PMC4758555 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The term matrisome refers to the ensemble of proteins constituting the extracellular matrix (ECM) (core matrisome) as well as the proteins associated with the ECM. Every organ has an ECM with a unique composition that not only provides the support and anchorage for cells, but also controls fundamental cellular processes as diverse as differentiation, survival, proliferation, and polarity. The current knowledge of the matrisome of small brain vessels is reviewed with a focus on the basement membrane (BM), a specialized form of ECM located at the interface between endothelial cells, contractile cells (smooth muscle cells and pericytes), and astrocyte endfeet—a very strategic location in the communication pathway between the cerebral microcirculation and astrocytes. We discuss some of the most recent genetic data and relevant findings from experimental models of nonamyloid cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). We propose the concept that perturbations of the cerebrovascular matrisome is a convergent pathologic pathway in monogenic forms of SVD, and is likely relevant to the sporadic disease.
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