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Fukasaku H, Meguro A, Takeuchi M, Mizuki N, Ota M, Funakoshi K. Association of PDGFRA polymorphisms with the risk of corneal astigmatism in a Japanese population. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16075. [PMID: 37752244 PMCID: PMC10522672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal astigmatism is reportedly associated with polymorphisms of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) gene region in Asian populations of Chinese, Malay, and Indian ancestry and populations of European ancestry. In this study, we investigated whether these PDGFRA polymorphisms are associated with corneal astigmatism in a Japanese population. We recruited 1,535 cases with corneal astigmatism (mean corneal cylinder power across both eyes: ≤ - 0.75 diopters [D]) and 842 controls (> - 0.75 D) to genotype 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PDGFRA gene region. We also performed imputation analysis in the region, with 179 imputed SNPs included in the statistical analyses. The PDGFRA SNPs were not significantly associated with the cases with corneal astigmatism ≤ - 0.75 D. However, the odds ratios (ORs) of the minor alleles of SNPs in the upstream region of PDGFRA, including rs7673984, rs4864857, and rs11133315, tended to increase according to the degree of corneal astigmatism, and these SNPs were significantly associated with the cases with corneal astigmatism ≤ - 1.25 D or ≤ - 1.50 D (Pc < 0.05, OR = 1.34-1.39). These results suggest that PDGFRA SNPs play a potential role in the development of greater corneal astigmatism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideharu Fukasaku
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
- Fukasaku Eye Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 220-0003, Japan
| | - Akira Meguro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Ocular Diseases, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Masaki Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Ocular Diseases, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Ocular Diseases, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masao Ota
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Ocular Diseases, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kengo Funakoshi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. A Study Linking Axial Length, Corneal Curvature, and Eye Axis With Demographic Characteristics in the Emmetropic Eyes of Bangladeshi People. Cureus 2022; 14:e29925. [PMID: 36225244 PMCID: PMC9536359 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Axial length (AL) and corneal curvature (CC) are one of the furthest critical parameters for optometry and oculoplastic surgery. These two variables are crucial in biometry for accurately measuring the power of the intraocular lens in cataract surgery. This research aimed to determine the association linking axial length and corneal curvature with demographic characteristics in emmetropic eyes of Bangladeshi people. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional research was carried out among 200 emmetropic eyes of Bangladeshi people attending the Department of Ophthalmology at Rajshahi Medical College, Bangladesh, with different eye conditions, between July 2017 and June 2018. Data was gathered by conducting person-to-person interviews, checking visual activity using the Snellen chart, and measuring corneal curvature using an auto-keratometer and axial eyeball length using A-scan ultrasonography. Results A total of 200 attendances were studied, 90 males and 110 females. All were emmetropic. The age range was 21-52 years, and the highest contributors were in the 21-30-year age group. The association between right axial length and right corneal curvature shows a negative relation among both sexes. It was -0.61 (β-coefficient (β-coff)), and highly significant in females at -0.89 (β-coff). Additionally, the association between left axial length and left corneal curvature shows a negative relation of -0.65 (β-coff), which was again highly significant in females at -0.87 (β-coff). Both were not significant in males. There was no significant association linking axial length and eye axis in both sexes. The multivariate regression model was used to assess the p-value, and the regression model was adjusted by age. Conclusion Optical parametric measurement is a noninvasive diagnostic and assessment tool that might help in the actual measurement of intraocular lens implantation in cataract surgery and may also provide supplementary information to the researcher domain.
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Fuse N, Sakurai M, Motoike IN, Kojima K, Takai-Igarashi T, Nakaya N, Tsuchiya N, Nakamura T, Ishikuro M, Obara T, Miyazawa A, Homma K, Ido K, Taira M, Kobayashi T, Shimizu R, Uruno A, Kodama EN, Suzuki K, Hamanaka Y, Tomita H, Sugawara J, Suzuki Y, Nagami F, Ogishima S, Katsuoka F, Minegishi N, Hozawa A, Kuriyama S, Yaegashi N, Kure S, Kinoshita K, Yamamoto M. Genome-wide Association Study of Axial Length in Population-based Cohorts in Japan. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2022; 2:100113. [PMID: 36246171 PMCID: PMC9559092 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2022.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To elucidate the differences in ocular biometric parameters by generation and gender and to identify axial length (AL)-associated genetic variants in Japanese individuals, we analyzed Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo) Eye Study data. Design We designed the ToMMo Eye Study, examined AL variations, and conducted genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Participants In total, 33 483 participants aged > 18 years who were recruited into the community-based cohort (CommCohort) and the birth and three-generation cohort (BirThree Cohort) of the ToMMo Eye Study were examined. Methods Each participant was screened with an interview, ophthalmic examinations, and a microarray analysis. The GWASs were performed in 22 379 participants in the CommCohort (discovery stage) and 11 104 participants in the BirThree Cohort (replication stage). We evaluated the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with AL using a genome-wide significance threshold (5 × 10-8) in each stage of the study and in the subsequent meta-analysis. Main Outcome Measures We identified the association of SNPs with AL and distributions of AL in right and left eyes and individuals of different sexes and ages. Results In the discovery stage, the mean AL of the right eye (23.99 mm) was significantly greater than that of the left eye (23.95 mm). This difference was reproducible across sexes and ages. The GWASs revealed 703 and 215 AL-associated SNPs with genome-wide significance in the discovery and validation stages, respectively, and many of the SNPs in the discovery stage were replicated in the validation stage. Validated SNPs and their associated loci were meta-analyzed for statistical significance (P < 5 × 10-8). This study identified 1478 SNPs spread over 31 loci. Of the 31 loci, 5 are known AL loci, 15 are known refractive-error loci, 4 are known corneal-curvature loci, and 7 loci are newly identified loci that are not known to be associated with AL. Of note, some of them shared functional relationships with previously identified loci. Conclusions Our large-scale GWASs exploiting ToMMo Eye Study data identified 31 loci linked to variations in AL, 7 of which are newly reported in this article. The results revealed genetic heterogeneity and similarity in SNPs related to ethnic variations in AL.
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Jiang L, Huang G, Dai C, Zheng R, Xie C, Duan S, Zhong L, Liu X, Gong B, Yao D, Yang Z, Shi Y. Association of genetic variants in PDGFRA with high myopia in the Han population of southwestern China. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 43:184-190. [PMID: 34865611 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1998550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the associations of 11 genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FRAP1 and PDGFRA with high myopia (HM) in a Han Chinese population. METHODS A total of 442 HM patients and 947 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Five genetic models were analysed to further evaluate the association of target SNPs with HM. SNP functional annotation database tools were used to predict and analyse the potential function of these SNPs. RESULTS Our findings indicated that rs2114039 located in PDGFRA had significant association with HM in a Han Chinese population (P = 2.00E-06, OR = 0.647, 95%CI = 0.542-0.773). The common genotypes rs2114039CC, rs2114039CT and rs2114039CT+TT all had a decreased risk of HM when compared with rs2114039TT (P = 4.10E-05, OR = 0.290, 95%CI = 0.161-0.524; P = 1.00E-03, OR = 0.626, 95%CI = 0.479-0.819; P = 9.00E-06, OR = 0.560, 95%CI = 0.433-0.724, respectively). In addition, compared with rs2114039CT+TT, rs2114039CC also had a decreased risk of HM (P = 3.59E-04, OR = 0.347, 95% CI = 0.194-0.620). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that rs2114039, located in PDGFRA, was significantly associated with HM in the southwest Han Chinese population. Additionally, rs2114039 might influence the function of PDGFRA by regulating the growth of human vision through different pathways. Furthermore, functional research on the role of PDGFRA in myopia pathogenesis should be conducted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Jiang
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guo Huang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Dai
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics/Genecology, Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine (Scu-cuhk), Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynaecologic and Podiatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunbao Xie
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Suyang Duan
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Gong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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5
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Plotnikov D, Cui J, Clark R, Wedenoja J, Pärssinen O, Tideman JWL, Jonas JB, Wang Y, Rudan I, Young TL, Mackey DA, Terry L, Williams C, Guggenheim JA. Genetic Variants Associated With Human Eye Size Are Distinct From Those Conferring Susceptibility to Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:24. [PMID: 34698770 PMCID: PMC8556552 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.13.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Emmetropization requires coordinated scaling of the major ocular components, corneal curvature and axial length. This coordination is achieved in part through a shared set of genetic variants that regulate eye size. Poorly coordinated scaling of corneal curvature and axial length results in refractive error. We tested the hypothesis that genetic variants regulating eye size in emmetropic eyes are distinct from those conferring susceptibility to refractive error. Methods A genome-wide association study (GWAS) for corneal curvature in 22,180 adult emmetropic individuals was performed as a proxy for a GWAS for eye size. A polygenic score created using lead GWAS variants was tested for association with corneal curvature and axial length in an independent sample: 437 classified as emmetropic and 637 as ametropic. The genetic correlation between eye size and refractive error was calculated using linkage disequilibrium score regression for approximately 1 million genetic variants. Results The GWAS for corneal curvature in emmetropes identified 32 independent genetic variants (P < 5.0e-08). A polygenic score created using these 32 genetic markers explained 3.5% (P < 0.001) and 2.0% (P = 0.001) of the variance in corneal curvature and axial length, respectively, in the independent sample of emmetropic individuals but was not predictive of these traits in ametropic individuals. The genetic correlation between eye size and refractive error was close to zero (rg = 0.00; SE = 0.06; P = 0.95). Conclusions These results support the hypothesis that genetic variants regulating eye size in emmetropic eyes do not overlap with those conferring susceptibility to myopia. This suggests that distinct biological pathways regulate normal eye growth and myopia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Plotnikov
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Jiangtian Cui
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rosie Clark
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Juho Wedenoja
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olavi Pärssinen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Willem L Tideman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yaxing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health and WHO Collaborating Centre, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Terri L Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Louise Terry
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Cathy Williams
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy A Guggenheim
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Yuan XL, Zhang R, Zheng Y, Sun L, Wang G, Chen S, Xu Y, Chen SL, Qiu K, Ng TK. Corneal curvature-associated MTOR variant differentiates mild myopia from high myopia in Han Chinese population. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 42:446-457. [PMID: 33979260 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1923035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myopia is the most prevalent ocular disorder in the world, and corneal parameters have been regarded as key ocular biometric parameters determining the refractive status. Here, we aimed to determine the association of genome-wide association study-identified corneal curvature (CC)-related gene variants with different severity of myopia and ocular biometric parameters in Chinese population. METHODS Total 2,101 unrelated Han Chinese subjects were recruited, including 1,649 myopia and 452 control subjects. Five previously reported CC-associated gene variants (PDGFRA, MTOR, WNT7B, CMPK1 and RBP3) were genotyped by TaqMan assay, and their association with different myopia severity and ocular biometric parameters were evaluated. RESULTS Joint additive effect analysis showed that MTOR rs74225573 paired with PDGFRA rs2114039 (P = .009, odds ratio (OR) = 4.91) or CMPK1 rs17103186 (P = .002, OR = 13.03) were significantly associated with higher risk in mild myopia. Critically, mild myopia subjects had significantly higher frequency in MTOR rs74225573 C allele than high myopia subjects (P = .003), especially in male subjects (P = .001, OR = 0.49). High myopia subjects carrying MTOR rs74225573 C allele have significant flatter CC (P = .035) and longer corneal radius (P = .044) than those carrying TT genotype. CONCLUSION This study revealed that male high myopia subjects are more prone to carry CC-related MTOR rs74225573 T allele, whereas mild myopia subjects are prone to carry the C allele. MTOR rs7422573 variant could be a genetic marker to differentiate mild from high myopia in risk assessment. ABBREVIATIONS ACD: anterior chamber depth; AL: axial length; AL/CR: axial length/corneal radius ratio; ANOVA: analysis of variance; CC: corneal curvature; CCT: central corneal thickness; C.I.: confidence interval; CMPK1: cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1; CR: corneal radius; D: diopter; GWAS: genome-wide association studies; HWE: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; LT: lens thickness; MIPEP: mitochondrial intermediate peptidase; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; OR: odds ratio; PDGFRA: platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α; RBP3: retinol-binding protein 3; SD: standard deviation; SE: spherical equivalence; SNTB1: syntrophin beta 1; VCD: vitreous chamber depth; VIPR2: vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2; WNT7B: wingless/integrated family member 7B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ling Yuan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Riping Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqian Zheng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixia Sun
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Geng Wang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaowan Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Lang Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kunliang Qiu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Xiao H, Lin S, Jiang D, Lin Y, Liu L, Zhang Q, He J, Chen Y. Association of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Genes With Myopia: A Longitudinal Study of Chinese Children. Front Genet 2021; 12:654869. [PMID: 34122509 PMCID: PMC8191505 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.654869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study was designed to investigate whether the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, a downstream component of dopamine signaling, is involved in myopia among Chinese children. Methods During a 3.5-year follow-up, 488 primary school students were enrolled in this study. Non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SE) and other ocular parameters were assessed. Four variants of four genes in the ERK signaling pathway were selected: RASGRF1 rs6495367, PTPN5 rs1550870, PTPRR rs11178469, and PDGFRA rs6554163. SNPscan was used to genotype single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). PLINK software was used to assess the associations of the genetic variants with the occurrence or development of myopia, SE, and other ocular parameters. We created a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and microRNA (miRNA)-gene network using String and Cytoscape and conducted enrichment analyses on the genes in these networks. Results In total, 426 children (baseline age: 7.28 ± 0.26 years; 236 (55.4%) boys and 190 girls) wereenrolled. After adjusting for confounding factors with 10,000 permutations, children with the CT or TT genotype of PTPN5 rs1550870 were more susceptible to myopia than those with the CC genotype (adjusted p = 0.011). Additionally, PTPN5 rs1550870 was correlated with significant myopic shift and increasing axial length (AL) and lens thickness (LT) but had a negative effect on central corneal thickness (CCT). RASGRF1 rs6495367 was negatively associated with myopic shift (additive: adjusted p = 0.034; dominant: adjusted p = 0.020), myopic SE and AL. PDGFRA rs6554163 TA or AA was negatively associated with increasing LT (adjusted p = 0.033). Evaluation of the effects of SNP-SNP combinations on incident myopia revealed a statistically significant one-locus model: PTPN5 rs1550870 [cross-validation consistency (CVC) = 10/10, adjusted p = 0.0107]. The genes in the PPI and miRNA-gene interaction networks were subjected to enrichment analyses, which suggested that these genes are involved mainly in eye development and dopaminergic synapse-related processes. Conclusion We identified genetic variants of crucial ERK signaling pathway genes that were significantly correlated with myopia and ocular parameter alterations in Chinese children. A combination of gene and miRNA functional analyses with enrichment analyses highlights the regulatory effects associated with ocular development and dopamine biological functions. This study offers novel clues to understand the role of dopamine in the molecular mechanisms of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishao Xiao
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shudan Lin
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaoyao Lin
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linjie Liu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Juan He
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Jiang X, Dellepiane N, Pairo-Castineira E, Boutin T, Kumar Y, Bickmore WA, Vitart V. Fine-mapping and cell-specific enrichment at corneal resistance factor loci prioritize candidate causal regulatory variants. Commun Biol 2020; 3:762. [PMID: 33311554 PMCID: PMC7732848 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01497-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal resistance factor (CRF) is altered during corneal diseases progression. Genome-wide-association studies (GWAS) indicated potential CRF and disease genetics overlap. Here, we characterise 135 CRF loci following GWAS in 76029 UK Biobank participants. Enrichment of extra-cellular matrix gene-sets, genetic correlation with corneal thickness (70% (SE = 5%)), reported keratoconus risk variants at 13 loci, all support relevance to corneal stroma biology. Fine-mapping identifies a subset of 55 highly likely causal variants, 91% of which are non-coding. Genomic features enrichments, using all associated variants, also indicate prominent regulatory causal role. We newly established open chromatin landscapes in two widely-used human cornea immortalised cell lines using ATAC-seq. Variants associated with CRF were significantly enriched in regulatory regions from the corneal stroma-derived cell line and enrichment increases to over 5 fold for variants prioritised by fine-mapping-including at GAS7, SMAD3 and COL6A1 loci. Our analysis generates many hypotheses for future functional validation of aetiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Jiang
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK
| | - Nefeli Dellepiane
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK
| | - Erola Pairo-Castineira
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK
| | - Thibaud Boutin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK
| | - Yatendra Kumar
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK
| | - Wendy A Bickmore
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK.
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Abstract
Astigmatism causes deterioration of the retinal image and affects vision quality. Maintenance and improvement of visual function requires an understanding of the prevalence, age-related changes, and mechanisms of astigmatism. In this article, we discuss the findings of studies that investigated astigmatism. Some of these studies showed that the prevalence of high degrees of astigmatism in childhood typically decreases with emmetropization. With-the-rule astigmatism occurs most commonly in young adults. With age, the prevalence of astigmatism increases, and the axis shifts from a predominance of with-the-rule astigmatism to a predominance of against-the-rule astigmatism. This age-related change is caused by alterations in corneal curvature. Although the cause of this change is not fully understood, alterations in the position and tension of the eyelid, corneal stromal collagen fibrils, Descemet membrane, and extraocular muscles may influence the shape of the cornea. Furthermore, genetic factors may contribute to the development of astigmatism. Technological advances in ophthalmology are expected to improve our understanding of the etiology of astigmatism and enable the maintenance of quality of vision.
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Nakao SY, Miyake M, Hosoda Y, Nakano E, Mori Y, Takahashi A, Ooto S, Tamura H, Tabara Y, Yamashiro K, Matsuda F, Tsujikawa A. Myopia Prevalence and Ocular Biometry Features in a General Japanese Population: The Nagahama Study. Ophthalmology 2020; 128:522-531. [PMID: 32861683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the distribution of ocular biometry and refraction in Japanese adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 9850 individuals participated in the first follow-up of the Nagahama Prospective Cohort for Comprehensive Human Bioscience (the Nagahama Study) conducted between 2013 and 2016. Participants were between 34 and 80 years of age. METHODS All participants underwent axial length (AL; in millimeters), anterior chamber depth (ACD; in millimeters), corneal diameter (white to white; in millimeters), and central corneal thickness (CCT; in micrometers) measurement (IOL Master; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) and refraction (spherical equivalent [SE]; in diopters [D]) and corneal curvature (CC; in millimeters) measurement (ARK-530A; Nidek, Aichi, Japan). Distribution of these ocular biometric parameters and prevalence of myopia, high myopia, and extreme myopia were summarized. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Distribution of ocular biometry and refraction. RESULTS After standardization to the national population of 2015, estimates of mean AL and SE were 24.21 mm and -1.44 D, respectively. Estimates of mean CC, corneal diameter, CCT, and ACD were 7.69 mm, 12.01 mm, 543.96 μm, and 3.21 mm, respectively. After standardization of age and gender, the prevalence of myopia (SE, ≤-0.5 D) and high myopia (SE, ≤-6.0 D) were 49.97% and 7.89%, respectively. Approximately 70% of the younger participants (34-59 years of age) showed myopia, whereas high myopia was observed in approximately 10%. Although the number of individuals with myopia or high myopia was higher in the younger age groups, the prevalence of more extreme phenotypes remained stable across all ages, especially in women. Axial length of more than 30 mm was observed only in older women (n = 5 [0.05%]). CONCLUSIONS We showed detailed distributions of various ocular biometry and refraction parameters using a large general Japanese cohort. Prevalences of myopia and high myopia from 2013 through 2016 were higher than those in earlier studies, which reflects recent environmental change. However, constant prevalence of extreme myopia across all ages suggests high genetic predisposition of the extreme phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ya Nakao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Tenri General Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miyake
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | | | - Eri Nakano
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayako Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sotaro Ooto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tamura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otsu Red Cross Hospital, Shiga, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akitaka Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Lin Y, Ding Y, Jiang D, Li C, Huang X, Liu L, Xiao H, Vasudevan B, Chen Y. Genome-Wide Association of Genetic Variants With Refraction, Axial Length, and Corneal Curvature: A Longitudinal Study of Chinese Schoolchildren. Front Genet 2020; 11:276. [PMID: 32269590 PMCID: PMC7109285 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myopia is a common eye disorder that is approaching epidemic proportions worldwide. A genome-wide association study identified AREG (rs12511037), GABRR1 (rs13215566), and PDE10A (rs12206610) as being associated with refractive error in Asian populations. The present study investigated the associations between these three genetic variants and the occurrence and development of myopia, spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL), and corneal curvature (CC) in a cohort of southeastern Chinese schoolchildren. Methods We examined and followed 550 children in grade 1 enrolled in the Wenzhou Epidemiology of Refractive Error (WERE) project. During the 4-year follow-up, non-cycloplegic refraction was evaluated twice each year, and the AL and CC were measured once every year. Age, sex, and the amounts of time spent on near work and outdoors were documented with a questionnaire. Sanger DNA sequencing was used to genotype single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPtest software was used to identify potential genetic variants associated with myopia, SER, AL, and CC. Ten thousand permutations were used to correct for multiple testing. Results In total, 469 children, including 249 (53.1%) boys and 220 (46.9%) girls, were included in analyses. The mean age of all the children was 6.33 ± 0.48 years. After adjusting for age, sex, time spent on near work and time spent outdoors, neither the genotypes nor the allele frequencies of the three SNPs were significantly associated with myopic shift, incident myopia or the change in SER. After adjusting for age, sex, near-work time and outdoor time with 10,000 permutations, the genotype AREG (rs12511037) was associated with an increase in AL (P′-values for the dominant, recessive, additive and general models were 0.0032, 0.0275, 0.0045, and 0.0099, respectively); the genotype PDE10A (rs12206610) was associated with a change in CC in the additive (P′ = 0.0096), dominant (P′ = 0.0096), and heterozygous models (P′ = 0.0096). Conclusion These findings preliminarily indicate that AREG SNP rs12511037 and PDE10A SNP rs12206610 are etiologically relevant for ocular traits, providing a basis for further exploration of the development of myopia and its molecular mechanism. However, elucidating the role of AREG and PDE10A in the pathogenesis of myopia requires further animal model and human genetic epidemiology studies. This trial is registered as ChiCTR1900020584 at www.Chictr.org.cn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Lin
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunchun Li
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Huang
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linjie Liu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haishao Xiao
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Yanyan Chen
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Genome-wide association meta-analysis of corneal curvature identifies novel loci and shared genetic influences across axial length and refractive error. Commun Biol 2020; 3:133. [PMID: 32193507 PMCID: PMC7081241 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal curvature, a highly heritable trait, is a key clinical endophenotype for myopia - a major cause of visual impairment and blindness in the world. Here we present a trans-ethnic meta-analysis of corneal curvature GWAS in 44,042 individuals of Caucasian and Asian with replication in 88,218 UK Biobank data. We identified 47 loci (of which 26 are novel), with population-specific signals as well as shared signals across ethnicities. Some identified variants showed precise scaling in corneal curvature and eye elongation (i.e. axial length) to maintain eyes in emmetropia (i.e. HDAC11/FBLN2 rs2630445, RBP3 rs11204213); others exhibited association with myopia with little pleiotropic effects on eye elongation. Implicated genes are involved in extracellular matrix organization, developmental process for body and eye, connective tissue cartilage and glycosylation protein activities. Our study provides insights into population-specific novel genes for corneal curvature, and their pleiotropic effect in regulating eye size or conferring susceptibility to myopia.
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Pugazhendhi S, Ambati B, Hunter AA. Pathogenesis and Prevention of Worsening Axial Elongation in Pathological Myopia. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:853-873. [PMID: 32256044 PMCID: PMC7092688 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s241435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This review discusses the etiology and pathogenesis of myopia, prevention of disease progression and worsening axial elongation, and emerging myopia treatment modalities. INTRODUCTION Pediatric myopia is a public health concern that impacts young children worldwide and is associated with numerous future ocular diseases such as cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment and other chorioretinal abnormalities. While the exact mechanism of myopia of the human eye remains obscure, several studies have reported on the role of environmental and genetic factors in the disease development. METHODS A review of literature was conducted. PubMed and Medline were searched for combinations and derivatives of the keywords including, but not limited to, "pediatric myopia", "axial elongation", "scleral remodeling" or "atropine." The PubMed and Medline database search were performed for randomized control trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses using the same keyword combinations. RESULTS Studies have reported that detection of genetic correlations and modification of environmental influences may have a significant impact in myopia progression, axial elongation and future myopic ocular complications. The conventional pharmacotherapy of pediatric myopia addresses the improvement in visual acuity and prevention of amblyopia but does not affect axial elongation or myopia progression. Several studies have published varying treatments, including optical, pharmacological and surgical management, which show great promise for a more precise control of myopia and preservation of ocular health. DISCUSSION Understanding the role of factors influencing the onset and progression of pediatric myopia will facilitate the development of successful treatments, reduction of disease burden, arrest of progression and improvement in future of the management of myopia.
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Tedja MS, Haarman AEG, Meester-Smoor MA, Kaprio J, Mackey DA, Guggenheim JA, Hammond CJ, Verhoeven VJM, Klaver CCW. IMI - Myopia Genetics Report. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:M89-M105. [PMID: 30817828 PMCID: PMC6892384 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge on the genetic background of refractive error and myopia has expanded dramatically in the past few years. This white paper aims to provide a concise summary of current genetic findings and defines the direction where development is needed. We performed an extensive literature search and conducted informal discussions with key stakeholders. Specific topics reviewed included common refractive error, any and high myopia, and myopia related to syndromes. To date, almost 200 genetic loci have been identified for refractive error and myopia, and risk variants mostly carry low risk but are highly prevalent in the general population. Several genes for secondary syndromic myopia overlap with those for common myopia. Polygenic risk scores show overrepresentation of high myopia in the higher deciles of risk. Annotated genes have a wide variety of functions, and all retinal layers appear to be sites of expression. The current genetic findings offer a world of new molecules involved in myopiagenesis. As the missing heritability is still large, further genetic advances are needed. This Committee recommends expanding large-scale, in-depth genetic studies using complementary big data analytics, consideration of gene-environment effects by thorough measurement of environmental exposures, and focus on subgroups with extreme phenotypes and high familial occurrence. Functional characterization of associated variants is simultaneously needed to bridge the knowledge gap between sequence variance and consequence for eye growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milly S. Tedja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annechien E. G. Haarman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Magda A. Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David A. Mackey
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Menzies Institute of Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremy A. Guggenheim
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Hammond
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Virginie J. M. Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - for the CREAM Consortium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Menzies Institute of Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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15
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HGF-rs12536657 and Ocular Biometric Parameters in Hyperopic Children, Emmetropic Adolescents, and Young Adults: A Multicenter Quantitative Trait Study. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:7454250. [PMID: 30863626 PMCID: PMC6378066 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7454250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Even though ocular refractive state is highly heritable and under strong genetic control, the identification of susceptibility genes remains a challenge. Several HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) gene variants have been associated with ocular refractive errors and corneal pathology. Purpose Here, we assess the association of an HGF gene variant, previously reported as associated with hyperopia, and ocular biometric parameters in a multicenter Spanish cohort. Methods An observational prospective multicenter cross-sectional study was designed, including a total of 403 unrelated subjects comprising 188 hyperopic children (5 to 17 years) and 2 control groups: 52 emmetropic adolescents (13 to 17 years) and 163 emmetropic young adults (18 to 28 years). Each individual underwent a comprehensive eye examination including cycloplegic refraction, and topographic and ocular biometric analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from oral swabs. HGF single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12536657 was genotyped. Genotypic, allelic, and logistic regression analyses were performed comparing the different groups. A quantitative trait association test analyzing several biometric parameters was also performed using generalized estimating equations (GEEs) adjusting for age and gender. Results No association between rs12536657 and hyperopia was found through gender-adjusted logistic regression comparing the hyperopic children with either of the two control groups. Significant associations between mean topographic corneal curvature and rs12536657 for G/A (slope = +0.32; CI 95%: 0.04-0.60; p=0.023) and A/A (slope = +0.76; CI 95%: 0.12-1.40; p=0.020) genotypes were observed with the age- and gender-adjusted univariate GEE model. Both flat and steep corneal topographic meridians were also significantly associated with rs12536657 for the G/A and A/A genotypes. No association was found between rs12536657 and any other topographic or biometric measurements. Conclusions Our results support a possible role for HGF gene variant rs12536657 in corneal curvature in our population. To our knowledge, this is the first multicenter quantitative trait association study of HGF genotypes and ocular biometric parameters comprising a pediatric cohort.
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Simpson CL, Musolf AM, Li Q, Portas L, Murgia F, Cordero RY, Cordero JB, Moiz BA, Holzinger ER, Middlebrooks CD, Lewis DD, Bailey-Wilson JE, Stambolian D. Exome genotyping and linkage analysis identifies two novel linked regions and replicates two others for myopia in Ashkenazi Jewish families. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:27. [PMID: 30704416 PMCID: PMC6357511 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myopia is one of most common eye diseases in the world and affects 1 in 4 Americans. It is a complex disease caused by both environmental and genetics effects; the genetics effects are still not well understood. In this study, we performed genetic linkage analyses on Ashkenazi Jewish families with a strong familial history of myopia to elucidate any potential causal genes. METHODS Sixty-four extended Ashkenazi Jewish families were previously collected from New Jersey. Genotypes from the Illumina ExomePlus array were merged with prior microsatellite linkage data from these families. Additional custom markers were added for candidate regions reported in literature for myopia or refractive error. Myopia was defined as mean spherical equivalent (MSE) of -1D or worse and parametric two-point linkage analyses (using TwoPointLods) and multi-point linkage analyses (using SimWalk2) were performed as well as collapsed haplotype pattern (CHP) analysis in SEQLinkage and association analyses performed with FBAT and rv-TDT. RESULTS Strongest evidence of linkage was on 1p36(two-point LOD = 4.47) a region previously linked to refractive error (MYP14) but not myopia. Another genome-wide significant locus was found on 8q24.22 with a maximum two-point LOD score of 3.75. CHP analysis also detected the signal on 1p36, localized to the LINC00339 gene with a maximum HLOD of 3.47, as well as genome-wide significant signals on 7q36.1 and 11p15, which overlaps with the MYP7 locus. CONCLUSIONS We identified 2 novel linkage peaks for myopia on chromosomes 7 and 8 in these Ashkenazi Jewish families and replicated 2 more loci on chromosomes 1 and 11, one previously reported in refractive error but not myopia in these families and the other locus previously reported in the literature. Strong candidate genes have been identified within these linkage peaks in our families. Targeted sequencing in these regions will be necessary to definitively identify causal variants under these linkage peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Simpson
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Room 417, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr., Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Anthony M Musolf
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr., Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Qing Li
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr., Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Laura Portas
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr., Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Federico Murgia
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr., Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Roberto Y Cordero
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Room 417, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Jennifer B Cordero
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas Room 417, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Bilal A Moiz
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr., Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Emily R Holzinger
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr., Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Candace D Middlebrooks
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr., Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Deyana D Lewis
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr., Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Joan E Bailey-Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr., Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Rm. 313, Stellar Chance Labs, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Loukovitis E, Sfakianakis K, Syrmakesi P, Tsotridou E, Orfanidou M, Bakaloudi DR, Stoila M, Kozei A, Koronis S, Zachariadis Z, Tranos P, Kozeis N, Balidis M, Gatzioufas Z, Fiska A, Anogeianakis G. Genetic Aspects of Keratoconus: A Literature Review Exploring Potential Genetic Contributions and Possible Genetic Relationships with Comorbidities. Ophthalmol Ther 2018; 7:263-292. [PMID: 30191404 PMCID: PMC6258591 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-018-0144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Keratoconus (KC) is a complex, genetically heterogeneous, multifactorial degenerative disorder that is accompanied by corneal ectasia which usually progresses asymmetrically. With an incidence of approximately 1 per 2000 and 2 cases per 100,000 population presenting annually, KC follows an autosomal recessive or dominant pattern of inheritance and is, apparently, associated with genes that interact with environmental, genetic, and/or other factors. This is an important consideration in refractive surgery in the case of familial KC, given the association of KC with other genetic disorders and the imbalance between dizygotic twins. The present review attempts to identify the genetic loci contributing to the different KC clinical presentations and relate them to the common genetically determined comorbidities associated with KC. METHODS The PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and GeneCards databases were screened for KC-related articles published in English between January 2006 and November 2017. Keyword combinations of "keratoconus," "risk factor(s)," "genetics," "genes," "genetic association(s)," and "cornea" were used. In total, 217 articles were retrieved and analyzed, with greater weight placed on the more recent literature. Further bibliographic research based on the 217 articles revealed another 124 relevant articles that were included in this review. Using the reviewed literature, an attempt was made to correlate genes and genetic risk factors with KC characteristics and genetically related comorbidities associated with KC based on genome-wide association studies, family-based linkage analysis, and candidate-gene approaches. RESULTS An association matrix between known KC-related genes and KC symptoms and/or clinical signs together with an association matrix between identified KC genes and genetically related KC comorbidities/syndromes were constructed. CONCLUSION Twenty-four genes were identified as potential contributors to KC and 49 KC-related comorbidities/syndromes were found. More than 85% of the known KC-related genes are involved in glaucoma, Down syndrome, connective tissue disorders, endothelial dystrophy, posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy, and cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos Sfakianakis
- Division of Surgical Anatomy, Laboratory of Anatomy, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Panagiota Syrmakesi
- AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloníki, Greece
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsotridou
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Myrsini Orfanidou
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Maria Stoila
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Athina Kozei
- Ophthalmica Eye Institute, Thessaloníki, Greece
- School of Pharmacology, University of Nicosia, Makedonitissis, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zisis Gatzioufas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cornea, Cataract and Refractive Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aliki Fiska
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Vergara C, Bomotti SM, Valencia C, Klein BE, Lee KE, Klein R, Klein AP, Duggal P. Association analysis of exome variants and refraction, axial length, and corneal curvature in a European-American population. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1973-1979. [PMID: 30157304 PMCID: PMC6497529 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Refractive errors, myopia, and hyperopia are common visual disorders greatly affecting older individuals. Refraction is determined by genetic factors but only a small percentage of its variation has been explained. We performed a genetic association analysis with three ocular phenotypes: spherical equivalent (a continous measure of refraction), axial length, and corneal curvature in 1,871 European-Americans from the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Individuals were genotyped on the Illumina exome array and imputed to the Haplotype Reference Consortium reference panel. After increasing the number of analyzed variants in targeted protein-coding regions 10-fold via imputation, we confirmed associations for two previously known loci with corneal curvature (chr4q12, rs2114039; g.55092626T > C, β = -0.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]): -0.06, -0.01, P value = 0.01) and spherical equivalent (chr15q14, rs634990; g.35006073T > C, β = -0.27, 95% CI: -0.45, -0.09, P value = 3.79 × 10-3 ). Despite increased single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density, we did not detect any novel significant variants after correction for multiple comparisons. In summary, we confirmed two previous loci associated with corneal curvature and spherical equivalent in a European-American population highlighting the potential biological role of those regions in these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Vergara
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Samantha M. Bomotti
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cristian Valencia
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Barbara E.K. Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kristine E. Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alison P. Klein
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Priya Duggal
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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19
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Roy S, Yadav S, Dasgupta T, Chawla S, Tandon R, Ghosh S. Interplay between hereditary and environmental factors to establish an in vitro disease model of keratoconus. Drug Discov Today 2018; 24:403-416. [PMID: 30408528 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Keratoconus (KC) is a bilateral corneal dystrophy and a multifactorial, multigenic disorder with an etiology involving a strong environmental component and complex inheritance patterns. The underlying pathophysiology of KC is poorly understood because of potential crosstalk between genetic-epigenetic variants possibly triggered by the environmental factors. Here, we decode the etiopathological basis of KC using genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic approaches. The lack of relevant models that accurately imitate this condition has been particularly limiting in terms of the effective management of KC. Tissue-engineered in vitro models of KC could address this need and generate valuable insights into its etiopathology for the establishment of disease models to accelerate drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Roy
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Saumya Yadav
- Cornea & Refractive Surgery Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanushree Dasgupta
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Chawla
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Radhika Tandon
- Cornea & Refractive Surgery Services, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India.
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20
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Valgaeren H, Koppen C, Van Camp G. A new perspective on the genetics of keratoconus: why have we not been more successful? Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 39:158-174. [DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2017.1393831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Valgaeren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp & Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carina Koppen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual Optics and Visual Rehabilitation, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp & Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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21
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Williams KM, Hammond CJ. GWAS in myopia: insights into disease and implications for the clinic. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1586/17469899.2016.1164597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Pouché L, Stojanova J, Marquet P, Picard N. New challenges and promises in solid organ transplantation pharmacogenetics: the genetic variability of proteins involved in the pharmacodynamics of immunosuppressive drugs. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:277-96. [PMID: 26799749 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interindividual variability in immunosuppressive drug responses might be partly explained by genetic variants in proteins involved in the immune response or associated with IS pharmacodynamics. On a general basis, the pharmacogenetics of drug target proteins is less known and understood than that of proteins involved in drug disposition pathways. The aim of this review is to facilitate research related to the pharmacodynamics of the main immunosuppressive drugs used in solid organ transplantation. We elaborated a quality of evidence grading system based on a literature review and identified 'highly recommended', 'recommended' or 'potential' candidates for further research. It is likely that a number of additional rare variants might further explain drug response phenotypes in transplantation, and particularly the most severe ones. The advent of next-generation sequencing will help to identify those variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Pouché
- Inserm, UMR 850, 2 Avenue Martin-Luther King, F-87042 Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Pharmacovigilance, 2 Avenue Martin-Luther King, F-87042 Limoges, France
| | - Jana Stojanova
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis & Pharmacogenetics, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pierre Marquet
- Inserm, UMR 850, 2 Avenue Martin-Luther King, F-87042 Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Pharmacovigilance, 2 Avenue Martin-Luther King, F-87042 Limoges, France.,Univ. Limoges, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, F-87025 Limoges, France.,FHU SUPORT, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Nicolas Picard
- Inserm, UMR 850, 2 Avenue Martin-Luther King, F-87042 Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Pharmacovigilance, 2 Avenue Martin-Luther King, F-87042 Limoges, France.,Univ. Limoges, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, F-87025 Limoges, France.,FHU SUPORT, 87000 Limoges, France
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23
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Wang X, Cheng CY, Liao J, Sim X, Liu J, Chia KS, Tai ES, Little P, Khor CC, Aung T, Wong TY, Teo YY. Evaluation of transethnic fine mapping with population-specific and cosmopolitan imputation reference panels in diverse Asian populations. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 24:592-9. [PMID: 26130488 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been limited success in identifying causal variants underlying association signals observed in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The use of 1000 Genomes Project (1KGP) allows the imputation to estimate the genetic information at untyped variants. However, long stretches of high linkage disequilibrium within the genome prevent us from differentiating between causal variants and perfect surrogates, thus limiting our ability to identify causal variants. Transethnic strategies have been proposed as a possible solution to mitigate this. However, these studies generally rely on imputing genotypes from multiple ancestries from 1KGP but not against population-specific reference panels. Here, we perform the first transethnic fine-mapping study across three Asian cohorts from diverse ancestries at the loci implicated with eye and blood lipid traits, using population-specific reference panels that have been generated by whole-genome sequencing samples from the same ancestry groups. Our study outlines several challenges faced in a fine-mapping exercise where one simply aims to meta-analyse existing GWAS that have been imputed against reference haplotypes from the 1KGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiemin Liao
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xueling Sim
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kee-Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter Little
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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24
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Identification of myopia-associated WNT7B polymorphisms provides insights into the mechanism underlying the development of myopia. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6689. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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25
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Li Q, Wojciechowski R, Simpson CL, Hysi PG, Verhoeven VJM, Ikram MK, Höhn R, Vitart V, Hewitt AW, Oexle K, Mäkelä KM, MacGregor S, Pirastu M, Fan Q, Cheng CY, St Pourcain B, McMahon G, Kemp JP, Northstone K, Rahi JS, Cumberland PM, Martin NG, Sanfilippo PG, Lu Y, Wang YX, Hayward C, Polašek O, Campbell H, Bencic G, Wright AF, Wedenoja J, Zeller T, Schillert A, Mirshahi A, Lackner K, Yip SP, Yap MKH, Ried JS, Gieger C, Murgia F, Wilson JF, Fleck B, Yazar S, Vingerling JR, Hofman A, Uitterlinden A, Rivadeneira F, Amin N, Karssen L, Oostra BA, Zhou X, Teo YY, Tai ES, Vithana E, Barathi V, Zheng Y, Siantar RG, Neelam K, Shin Y, Lam J, Yonova-Doing E, Venturini C, Hosseini SM, Wong HS, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Raitakari O, Timpson NJ, Evans DM, Khor CC, Aung T, Young TL, Mitchell P, Klein B, van Duijn CM, Meitinger T, Jonas JB, Baird PN, Mackey DA, Wong TY, Saw SM, Pärssinen O, Stambolian D, Hammond CJ, Klaver CCW, Williams C, Paterson AD, Bailey-Wilson JE, Guggenheim JA. Genome-wide association study for refractive astigmatism reveals genetic co-determination with spherical equivalent refractive error: the CREAM consortium. Hum Genet 2015; 134:131-46. [PMID: 25367360 PMCID: PMC4291519 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To identify genetic variants associated with refractive astigmatism in the general population, meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies were performed for: White Europeans aged at least 25 years (20 cohorts, N = 31,968); Asian subjects aged at least 25 years (7 cohorts, N = 9,295); White Europeans aged <25 years (4 cohorts, N = 5,640); and all independent individuals from the above three samples combined with a sample of Chinese subjects aged <25 years (N = 45,931). Participants were classified as cases with refractive astigmatism if the average cylinder power in their two eyes was at least 1.00 diopter and as controls otherwise. Genome-wide association analysis was carried out for each cohort separately using logistic regression. Meta-analysis was conducted using a fixed effects model. In the older European group the most strongly associated marker was downstream of the neurexin-1 (NRXN1) gene (rs1401327, P = 3.92E-8). No other region reached genome-wide significance, and association signals were lower for the younger European group and Asian group. In the meta-analysis of all cohorts, no marker reached genome-wide significance: The most strongly associated regions were, NRXN1 (rs1401327, P = 2.93E-07), TOX (rs7823467, P = 3.47E-07) and LINC00340 (rs12212674, P = 1.49E-06). For 34 markers identified in prior GWAS for spherical equivalent refractive error, the beta coefficients for genotype versus spherical equivalent, and genotype versus refractive astigmatism, were highly correlated (r = -0.59, P = 2.10E-04). This work revealed no consistent or strong genetic signals for refractive astigmatism; however, the TOX gene region previously identified in GWAS for spherical equivalent refractive error was the second most strongly associated region. Analysis of additional markers provided evidence supporting widespread genetic co-susceptibility for spherical and astigmatic refractive errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Robert Wojciechowski
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Claire L. Simpson
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Virginie J. M. Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Kamran Ikram
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - René Höhn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Klinik Pallas, Olten, Switzerland
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Alex W. Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Konrad Oexle
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kari-Matti Mäkelä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Filmlab laboratories, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mario Pirastu
- Institute of Population Genetics CNR, Traversa La Crucca, 3-07040 Reg. Baldinca, Li Punti, Sassari, Italy
| | - Qiao Fan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Beaté St Pourcain
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - George McMahon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - John P. Kemp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - Jugnoo S. Rahi
- Centre of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Phillippa M. Cumberland
- Centre of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul G. Sanfilippo
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Yi Lu
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
| | - Goran Bencic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sisters of Mercy University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alan F. Wright
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - Juho Wedenoja
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja Zeller
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic for general and interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Schillert
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Universität zu Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alireza Mirshahi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Dardenne Eye Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shea Ping Yip
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maurice K. H. Yap
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Janina S. Ried
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Federico Murgia
- Institute of Population Genetics CNR, Traversa La Crucca, 3-07040 Reg. Baldinca, Li Punti, Sassari, Italy
| | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
| | - Brian Fleck
- Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA UK
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - André Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart Karssen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben A. Oostra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Zhou
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E. Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eranga Vithana
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders (NBD) Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Veluchamy Barathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Kumari Neelam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Youchan Shin
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Janice Lam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ekaterina Yonova-Doing
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Cristina Venturini
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - S. Mohsen Hosseini
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, PGCRL Rm 12.9835, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - Hoi-Suen Wong
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, PGCRL Rm 12.9835, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Filmlab laboratories, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20041 Turku, Finland
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - David M. Evans
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
- Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terri L. Young
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | - Paul Mitchell
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Western Sydney Local Health Network, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia
| | - Barbara Klein
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ocular Epidemiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 North Walnut Street, Room 409, Madison, WI 53726 USA
| | | | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jost B. Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Paul N. Baird
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David A. Mackey
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olavi Pärssinen
- Department of Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Rm. 314 Stellar Chance Labs, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Christopher J. Hammond
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cathy Williams
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
| | - Andrew D. Paterson
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, PGCRL Rm 12.9835, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
- Dala Lanna School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Joan E. Bailey-Wilson
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Jeremy A. Guggenheim
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - The CREAM Consortium
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Klinik Pallas, Olten, Switzerland
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Filmlab laboratories, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Population Genetics CNR, Traversa La Crucca, 3-07040 Reg. Baldinca, Li Punti, Sassari, Italy
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN UK
- Centre of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Ulverscroft Vision Research Group, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sisters of Mercy University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic for general and interventional Cardiology, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Universität zu Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Dardenne Eye Hospital, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA UK
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Netherlands Genomics Initiative, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders (NBD) Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, PGCRL Rm 12.9835, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4 Canada
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, 33521 Tampere, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20041 Turku, Finland
- Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Western Sydney Local Health Network, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, Australia
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ocular Epidemiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 610 North Walnut Street, Room 409, Madison, WI 53726 USA
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Rm. 314 Stellar Chance Labs, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Dala Lanna School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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Andiappan AK, Narayanan S, Myers RA, Lee B, Nieuwenhuis MA, Nardin A, Park CS, Shin HD, Kim JH, Westra HJ, Franke L, Esko T, Metspalu A, Teo YY, Saw SM, Khor CC, Liu J, Koppelman GH, Postma DS, Poidinger M, Connolly JE, Wang DY, Rotzschke O, Curotto de Lafaille MA, Chew FT. Genetic variants of inducible costimulator are associated with allergic asthma susceptibility. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:556-8. [PMID: 25109803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Andiappan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sriram Narayanan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore
| | - Rachel A Myers
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore
| | - Maartje A Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Nardin
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | | | - Jeong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tonu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Infectious Diseases, Genome Institute of Singapore, A∗STAR, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A∗STAR, Singapore
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- Department of Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - John E Connolly
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olaf Rotzschke
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Chandra A, Mitry D, Wright A, Campbell H, Charteris DG. Genome-wide association studies: applications and insights gained in Ophthalmology. Eye (Lond) 2014; 28:1066-79. [PMID: 24971990 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) use high-throughput genotyping technologies to genotype thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and relate them to the development of clinical and quantitative traits. Their use has been highly successful in the field of ophthalmology, and since the advent of GWAS in 2005, many genes not previously suspected of having a role in disease have been identified and the findings replicated. We conducted an extensive literature review and describe the concept, design, advantages, and limitations of GWAS and provide a detailed description of the applications and discoveries of GWAS in the field of eye disease to date. There have been many novel findings revealing previously unknown biological insights in a diverse range of common ocular conditions. GWAS have been a highly successful modality for investigating the pathogenesis of a wide variety of ophthalmic conditions. The insights gained into the pathogenesis of disease provide not only a better understanding of underlying disease mechanism but also offer a rationale for targeted treatment and preventative strategies. Expansive international collaboration and standardised phenotyping will permit the continued success of this investigative technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chandra
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK [2] UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - D Mitry
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK [2] Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Wright
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D G Charteris
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
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28
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Chen P, Miyake M, Fan Q, Liao J, Yamashiro K, Ikram MK, Chew M, Vithana EN, Khor CC, Aung T, Tai ES, Wong TY, Teo YY, Yoshimura N, Saw SM, Cheng CY. CMPK1 and RBP3 are associated with corneal curvature in Asian populations. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6129-36. [PMID: 24963161 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal curvature (CC) measures the steepness of the cornea and is an important parameter for clinically diseases such as astigmatism and myopia. Despite the high heritability of CC, only two associated genes have been discovered to date. We performed a three-stage genome-wide association study meta-analysis in 12 660 Asian individuals. Our Stage 1 was done in multiethnic cohorts comprising 7440 individuals, followed by a Stage 2 replication in 2473 Chinese and Stage 3 in 2747 Japanese. The SNP array genotype data were imputed up to the 1000 Genomes Project Phase 1 cosmopolitan panel. The SNP association with the radii of CC was investigated in the linear regression model with the adjustment of age, gender and principal components. In addition to the known genes, MTOR (also known as FRAP1) and PDGFRA, we discovered two novel genes associated with CC: CMPK1 (rs17103186, P = 3.3 × 10(-12)) and RBP3 (rs11204213 [Val884Met], P = 1.1 × 10(-13)). The missense RBP3 SNP, rs11204213, was also associated with axial length (AL) (P = 4.2 × 10(-6)) and had larger effects on both CC and AL compared with other SNPs. The index SNPs at the four indicated loci explained 1.9% of CC variance across the Stages 1 and 2 cohorts, while 33.8% of CC variance was explained by the genome-wide imputation data. We identified two novel genes influencing CC, which are related to either corneal shape or eye size. This study provides additional insights into genetic architecture of corneal shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Masahiro Miyake
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Qiao Fan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jiemin Liao
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore, Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Mohammad K Ikram
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore, Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore, Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Merywn Chew
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Eranga N Vithana
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore, Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore, Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore, Department of Paediatrics
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore, Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore, Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore, NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore and Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Nagahisa Yoshimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore, Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117597, Singapore, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore, Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore,
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29
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Read SA, Vincent SJ, Collins MJ. The visual and functional impacts of astigmatism and its clinical management. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2014; 34:267-94. [PMID: 24635572 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide a comprehensive overview of research examining the impact of astigmatism on clinical and functional measures of vision, the short and longer term adaptations to astigmatism that occur in the visual system, and the currently available clinical options for the management of patients with astigmatism. RECENT FINDINGS The presence of astigmatism can lead to substantial reductions in visual performance in a variety of clinical vision measures and functional visual tasks. Recent evidence demonstrates that astigmatic blur results in short-term adaptations in the visual system that appear to reduce the perceived impact of astigmatism on vision. In the longer term, uncorrected astigmatism in childhood can also significantly impact on visual development, resulting in amblyopia. Astigmatism is also associated with the development of spherical refractive errors. Although the clinical correction of small magnitudes of astigmatism is relatively straightforward, the precise, reliable correction of astigmatism (particularly high astigmatism) can be challenging. A wide variety of refractive corrections are now available for the patient with astigmatism, including spectacle, contact lens and surgical options. CONCLUSION Astigmatism is one of the most common refractive errors managed in clinical ophthalmic practice. The significant visual and functional impacts of astigmatism emphasise the importance of its reliable clinical management. With continued improvements in ocular measurement techniques and developments in a range of different refractive correction technologies, the future promises the potential for more precise and comprehensive correction options for astigmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Read
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Aldave AJ, Ann LB, Frausto RF, Nguyen CK, Yu F, Raber IM. Classification of posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy as a corneal ectatic disorder following confirmation of associated significant corneal steepening. JAMA Ophthalmol 2014; 131:1583-90. [PMID: 24113819 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.5036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The identification of steep corneal curvatures in a significant percentage of patients with posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD) confirms this previously reported association and suggests a role for the ZEB1 protein in keratocyte function. OBJECTIVE To determine whether PPCD is characterized by significant corneal steepening. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional study at university-based and private ophthalmology practices of 38 individuals (27 affected and 11 unaffected) from 23 families with PPCD. EXPOSURE Slitlamp examination and corneal topographic imaging were performed for individuals with PPCD and unaffected family members. Saliva or blood samples were obtained from each individual for DNA isolation and ZEB1 sequencing. Corneal ZEB1 expression was measured using immunohistochemistry. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Percentage of individuals affected with PPCD and controls with an average keratometric value greater than 48.0 diopters (D) in each eye; the mean keratometric value averaged for both eyes of individuals with PPCD and controls; and the correlation of ZEB1 mutation with keratometric value. RESULTS ZEB1 coding region mutations were identified in 7 of the 27 affected individuals. Ten of the 38 individuals (26.3%) had average keratometric values greater than 48.0 D OU: 10 of 27 individuals with PPCD (37.0%; 6 of 7 individuals with ZEB1 mutations [85.7%] and 4 of 20 individuals without ZEB1 mutations [20.0%]) and 0 of 11 unaffected individuals (P = .04 for unaffected vs affected individuals; P = .004 for individuals with PPCD with vs without ZEB1 mutation). The mean keratometric value of each eye of affected individuals (48.2 D) was significantly greater than that of each eye of unaffected family members (44.1 D) (P = .03). Affected individuals with ZEB1 mutations demonstrated a mean keratometric value of 53.3 D, which was significantly greater than that of affected individuals without ZEB1 mutations (46.5 D; P = .004). Fluorescence immunohistochemistry demonstrated ZEB1 expression in keratocyte nuclei. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Abnormally steep corneal curvatures are identified in 37% of all individuals with PPCD and 86% of affected individuals with PPCD secondary to ZEB1 mutations. ZEB1 is present in keratocyte nuclei, suggesting a role for ZEB1 in keratocyte function. Therefore, ZEB1 may play a role in both corneal stromal and endothelial development and function, and PPCD should be considered both an endothelial dystrophy and an ectatic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Aldave
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Lydia B Ann
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Ricardo F Frausto
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Catherine K Nguyen
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Fei Yu
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
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31
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Sherwin JC, Mackey DA. Update on the epidemiology and genetics of myopic refractive error. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eop.12.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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32
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Khor CC, Miyake M, Chen LJ, Shi Y, Barathi VA, Qiao F, Nakata I, Yamashiro K, Zhou X, Tam POS, Cheng CY, Tai ES, Vithana EN, Aung T, Teo YY, Wong TY, Moriyama M, Ohno-Matsui K, Mochizuki M, Matsuda F, Yong RYY, Yap EPH, Yang Z, Pang CP, Saw SM, Yoshimura N. Genome-wide association study identifies ZFHX1B as a susceptibility locus for severe myopia. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:5288-94. [PMID: 23933737 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe myopia (defined as spherical equivalent < -6.0 D) is a predominant problem in Asian countries, resulting in substantial morbidity. We performed a meta-analysis of four genome-wide association studies (GWAS), all of East Asian descent totaling 1603 cases and 3427 controls. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs13382811 from ZFHX1B [encoding for ZEB2] and rs6469937 from SNTB1) showed highly suggestive evidence of association with disease (P < 1 × 10(-7)) and were brought forward for replication analysis in a further 1241 severe myopia cases and 3559 controls from a further three independent sample collections. Significant evidence of replication was observed, and both SNP markers surpassed the formal threshold for genome-wide significance upon meta-analysis of both discovery and replication stages (P = 5.79 × 10(-10), per-allele odds ratio (OR) = 1.26 for rs13382811 and P = 2.01 × 10(-9), per-allele OR = 0.79 for rs6469937). The observation at SNTB1 is confirmatory of a very recent GWAS on severe myopia. Both genes were expressed in the human retina, sclera, as well as the retinal pigmented epithelium. In an experimental mouse model for myopia, we observed significant alterations to gene and protein expression in the retina and sclera of the unilateral induced myopic eyes for Zfhx1b and Sntb1. These new data advance our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of severe myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiea Chuen Khor
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Liang XY, He M, Lam DSC. Eye Genetics in Post-Genome-Wide Association Studies Era. ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (PHILADELPHIA, PA.) 2013; 2:141-2. [PMID: 26108104 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0b013e318296cd99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ying Liang
- From the *C-MER Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Shenzhen; and †State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and ‡Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Whigham BT, Allingham RR. Developments in Ocular Genetics: Annual Review. ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (PHILADELPHIA, PA.) 2013; 2:177-86. [PMID: 26108111 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0b013e318294b837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to summarize major developments in ocular genetics over the past year. DESIGN A literature review was performed for articles relating to the genetics of eye diseases and morphology. The search focused on articles published between September 15, 2011, and September 15, 2012. METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar search tools were used to search for ocular genetics articles in the desired date range. RESULTS Major advances have been reported in numerous areas including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and keratoconus. Numerous novel associations have been identified through large genome-wide association studies. In addition, numerous disease genes have been identified through next-generation sequencing technologies. CONCLUSIONS Ocular genetics continues to advance at a rapid pace and benefit from new technologies. Numerous discoveries in the past year point toward areas for continued research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Whigham
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Eye Center, Durham, NC
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35
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Guggenheim JA, Zhou X, Evans DM, Timpson NJ, McMahon G, Kemp JP, St Pourcain B, Northstone K, Ring SM, Fan Q, Wong TY, Cheng CY, Khor CC, Aung T, Saw SM, Williams C. Coordinated genetic scaling of the human eye: shared determination of axial eye length and corneal curvature. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:1715-21. [PMID: 23385790 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the extent to which the two major determinants of refractive error, corneal curvature and axial length, are scaled relative to one another by shared genetic variants, along with their relationship to the genetic scaling of height. METHODS Corneal curvature, axial length, and height were measured in unrelated 14- to 17-year-old white European participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; n = 1915) and in unrelated 40- to 80-year-old participants of the Singapore Chinese Eye Study (SCES; n = 1642). Univariate and bivariate heritability analyses were performed with methods that avoid confounding by common family environment, using information solely from genome-wide high-density genotypes. RESULTS IN ALSPAC SUBJECTS, AXIAL LENGTH, CORNEAL CURVATURE, AND HEIGHT HAD SIMILAR LOWER-BOUND HERITABILITY ESTIMATES: axial length, h(2) = 0.46 (SE = 0.16, P = 0.002); corneal curvature, h(2) = 0.42 (SE = 0.16, P = 0.004); height, h(2) = 0.48 (SE = 0.17, P = 0.002). The corresponding estimates in the SCES were 0.79 (SE = 0.18, P < 0.001), 0.35 (SE = 0.20, P = 0.036), and 0.31 (SE = 0.20, P = 0.061), respectively. The genetic correlation between corneal curvature and axial length was 0.69 (SE = 0.17, P = 0.019) for ALSPAC participants and 0.64 (SE = 0.22, P = 0.003) for SCES participants. In the subset of 1478 emmetropic ALSPAC individuals, the genetic correlation was 0.85 (SE = 0.12, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS These results imply that coordinated scaling of ocular component dimensions is largely achieved by hundreds to thousands of common genetic variants, each with a small pleiotropic effect. Furthermore, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for either axial length or corneal curvature are likely to identify variants controlling overall eye size when using discovery cohorts dominated by emmetropes, but trait-specific variants in discovery cohorts dominated by ametropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Guggenheim
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Deep whole-genome sequencing of 100 southeast Asian Malays. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 92:52-66. [PMID: 23290073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing across multiple samples in a population provides an unprecedented opportunity for comprehensively characterizing the polymorphic variants in the population. Although the 1000 Genomes Project (1KGP) has offered brief insights into the value of population-level sequencing, the low coverage has compromised the ability to confidently detect rare and low-frequency variants. In addition, the composition of populations in the 1KGP is not complete, despite the fact that the study design has been extended to more than 2,500 samples from more than 20 population groups. The Malays are one of the Austronesian groups predominantly present in Southeast Asia and Oceania, and the Singapore Sequencing Malay Project (SSMP) aims to perform deep whole-genome sequencing of 100 healthy Malays. By sequencing at a minimum of 30× coverage, we have illustrated the higher sensitivity at detecting low-frequency and rare variants and the ability to investigate the presence of hotspots of functional mutations. Compared to the low-pass sequencing in the 1KGP, the deeper coverage allows more functional variants to be identified for each person. A comparison of the fidelity of genotype imputation of Malays indicated that a population-specific reference panel, such as the SSMP, outperforms a cosmopolitan panel with larger number of individuals for common SNPs. For lower-frequency (<5%) markers, a larger number of individuals might have to be whole-genome sequenced so that the accuracy currently afforded by the 1KGP can be achieved. The SSMP data are expected to be the benchmark for evaluating the value of deep population-level sequencing versus low-pass sequencing, especially in populations that are poorly represented in population-genetics studies.
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Lu Y, Vitart V, Burdon KP, Khor CC, Bykhovskaya Y, Mirshahi A, Hewitt AW, Koehn D, Hysi PG, Ramdas WD, Zeller T, Vithana EN, Cornes BK, Tay WT, Tai ES, Cheng CY, Liu J, Foo JN, Saw SM, Thorleifsson G, Stefansson K, Dimasi DP, Mills RA, Mountain J, Ang W, Hoehn R, Verhoeven VJM, Grus F, Wolfs R, Castagne R, Lackner KJ, Springelkamp H, Yang J, Jonasson F, Leung DYL, Chen LJ, Tham CCY, Rudan I, Vatavuk Z, Hayward C, Gibson J, Cree AJ, MacLeod A, Ennis S, Polasek O, Campbell H, Wilson JF, Viswanathan AC, Fleck B, Li X, Siscovick D, Taylor KD, Rotter JI, Yazar S, Ulmer M, Li J, Yaspan BL, Ozel AB, Richards JE, Moroi SE, Haines JL, Kang JH, Pasquale LR, Allingham RR, Ashley-Koch A, Mitchell P, Wang JJ, Wright AF, Pennell C, Spector TD, Young TL, Klaver CCW, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Anderson MG, Aung T, Willoughby CE, Wiggs JL, Pang CP, Thorsteinsdottir U, Lotery AJ, Hammond CJ, van Duijn CM, Hauser MA, Rabinowitz YS, Pfeiffer N, Mackey DA, Craig JE, Macgregor S, Wong TY. Genome-wide association analyses identify multiple loci associated with central corneal thickness and keratoconus. Nat Genet 2013; 45:155-63. [PMID: 23291589 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Central corneal thickness (CCT) is associated with eye conditions including keratoconus and glaucoma. We performed a meta-analysis on >20,000 individuals in European and Asian populations that identified 16 new loci associated with CCT at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)). We further showed that 2 CCT-associated loci, FOXO1 and FNDC3B, conferred relatively large risks for keratoconus in 2 cohorts with 874 cases and 6,085 controls (rs2721051 near FOXO1 had odds ratio (OR) = 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4-1.88, P = 2.7 × 10(-10), and rs4894535 in FNDC3B had OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.29-1.68, P = 4.9 × 10(-9)). FNDC3B was also associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (P = 5.6 × 10(-4); tested in 3 cohorts with 2,979 cases and 7,399 controls). Further analyses implicate the collagen and extracellular matrix pathways in the regulation of CCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Statistical Genetics, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Mishra A, Yazar S, Hewitt AW, Mountain JA, Ang W, Pennell CE, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Hammond CJ, Young TL, Macgregor S, Mackey DA. Genetic variants near PDGFRA are associated with corneal curvature in Australians. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:7131-6. [PMID: 22969067 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Irregularity in the corneal curvature (CC) is highly associated with various eye disorders such as keratoconus and myopia. The sample had limited power to find genomewide significant (5 × 10(-8)) hits but good power for replication. Thus, an attempt was made to test whether alleles in the FRAP1 and PDGFRA genes, recently found to be associated with CC in Asian populations, also influence CC in Australians of North European ancestry. Results of initial genomewide association studies (GWAS) for CC in Australians were also reported. METHODS Two population-based cohorts of 1788 Australian twins and their families, as well as 1013 individuals from a birth cohort from Western Australia, were genotyped using genomewide arrays. Following separate individual analysis and quality control, the results from each cohort underwent meta-analysis. RESULTS Meta-analysis revealed significant replication of association between rs2114039 and corneal curvature (P = 0.0045). The SNP rs2114039 near PDGFRA has been previously implicated in Asians. No SNP at the FRAP1 locus was found to be associated in our Australian samples. No SNP surpassed the genomewide significance threshold of 5 × 10(-8). The SNP with strongest association was rs2444240 (P = 3.658 × 10(-7)), which is 31 kb upstream to the TRIM29 gene. CONCLUSIONS A significant role of the PDGFRA gene in determining corneal curvature in the Australian population was confirmed in this study, also highlighting the putative association of the TRIM29 locus with CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Mishra
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
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Fan Q, Zhou X, Khor CC, Cheng CY, Goh LK, Sim X, Tay WT, Li YJ, Ong RTH, Suo C, Cornes B, Ikram MK, Chia KS, Seielstad M, Liu J, Vithana E, Young TL, Tai ES, Wong TY, Aung T, Teo YY, Saw SM. Genome-wide meta-analysis of five Asian cohorts identifies PDGFRA as a susceptibility locus for corneal astigmatism. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002402. [PMID: 22144915 PMCID: PMC3228826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal astigmatism refers to refractive abnormalities and irregularities in the curvature of the cornea, and this interferes with light being accurately focused at a single point in the eye. This ametropic condition is highly prevalent, influences visual acuity, and is a highly heritable trait. There is currently a paucity of research in the genetic etiology of corneal astigmatism. Here we report the results from five genome-wide association studies of corneal astigmatism across three Asian populations, with an initial discovery set of 4,254 Chinese and Malay individuals consisting of 2,249 cases and 2,005 controls. Replication was obtained from three surveys comprising of 2,139 Indians, an additional 929 Chinese children, and an independent 397 Chinese family trios. Variants in PDGFRA on chromosome 4q12 (lead SNP: rs7677751, allelic odds ratio = 1.26 (95% CI: 1.16-1.36), P(meta) = 7.87×10(-9)) were identified to be significantly associated with corneal astigmatism, exhibiting consistent effect sizes across all five cohorts. This highlights the potential role of variants in PDGFRA in the genetic etiology of corneal astigmatism across diverse Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Fan
- School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Molecular Epidemiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang-Kee Goh
- School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke–National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xueling Sim
- Centre for Molecular Epidemiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan-Ting Tay
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi-Ju Li
- Center for Human Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rick Twee-Hee Ong
- School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chen Suo
- Centre for Molecular Epidemiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Belinda Cornes
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Kamran Ikram
- School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke–National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kee-Seng Chia
- School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Molecular Epidemiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Seielstad
- Institute for Human Genetics and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eranga Vithana
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terri L. Young
- Center for Human Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - E.-Shyong Tai
- School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yik-Ying Teo
- School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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