1
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Jiang C, Xu H, Wu Y. Effect of chemotherapy in tumor on coronary arteries: Mechanisms and management. Life Sci 2024; 338:122377. [PMID: 38135114 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an important contributor to the cardiovascular burden in cancer survivors. The development of coronary ischemia events, myocardial infarction, and heart failure has been associated with many conventional chemotherapeutic agents, new targeted therapies, and immunotherapy. The most frequent pathological manifestations of chemotherapy-mediated coronary damage include acute vasospasm, acute thrombosis, accelerated atherosclerosis development, and microvascular dysfunction. Potential screening techniques for CAD patients include baseline risk factor evaluation, polygenic risk factors, and coronary artery calcium scores. Determining the risk requires consideration of both the type of chemotherapy and the type of cancer being treated. Cardiology-oncology guidelines offer some suggestions for the care of coronary artery disease, which might involve medication, lifestyle changes, and coronary revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongjian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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2
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Zhu N, Guo ZF, Kazama K, Yi B, Tongmuang N, Yao H, Yang R, Zhang C, Qin Y, Han L, Sun J. Epigenetic regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch and neointimal formation by PRMT5. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2244-2255. [PMID: 37486354 PMCID: PMC10578915 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from a contractile to a synthetic state is involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and post-angioplasty restenosis. Arginine methylation catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) has been implicated in multiple cellular processes, however, its role in VSMC biology remains undetermined. The objective of this study was to determine the role of PRMTs in VSMC phenotypic switch and vascular remodelling after injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Our results show that PRMT5 is the most abundantly expressed PRMT in human aortic SMCs, and its expression is up-regulated in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated VSMCs, human atherosclerotic lesions, and rat carotid arteries after injury, as determined by western blot and immunohistochemical staining. PRMT5 overexpression inhibits the expression of SMC marker genes and promotes VSMC proliferation and migration, while silencing PRMT5 exerts the opposite effects. Mechanistically, we found that PRMT5 overexpression led to histone di-methylation of H3R8 and H4R3, which in turn attenuates acetylation of H3K9 and H4, thus limiting recruitment of the SRF/myocardin complexes to the CArG boxes of SMC marker genes. Furthermore, both SMC-specific deletion of PRMT5 in mice and local delivery of lentivirus expressing shPRMT5 to rat carotid arteries significantly attenuated neointimal formation after injury. Likewise, pharmacological inhibition of PRMT5 by EPZ015666 markedly inhibited carotid artery ligation-induced neointimal formation in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify PRMT5 as a novel regulator in VSMC phenotypic switch and suggest that inhibition of PRMT5 may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for proliferative vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust St, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Zhi-Fu Guo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust St, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Kyosuke Kazama
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust St, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bing Yi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust St, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Nopprarat Tongmuang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust St, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Huijuan Yao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust St, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ruifeng Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust St, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust St, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Yongwen Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Rd, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Rd, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust St, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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3
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Kwartler CS, Pedroza AJ, Kaw A, Guan P, Ma S, Duan XY, Kernell C, Wang C, Pinelo JEE, Bowen MSB, Chen J, Zhong Y, Sinha S, Shen X, Fischbein MP, Milewicz DM. Nuclear Smooth Muscle α-actin Participates in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:937-955. [PMID: 38919852 PMCID: PMC11198982 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Missense variants throughout ACTA2, encoding smooth muscle α-actin (αSMA), predispose to adult-onset thoracic aortic disease, but variants disrupting arginine 179 (R179) lead to Smooth Muscle Dysfunction Syndrome (SMDS) characterized by diverse childhood-onset vascular diseases. Here we show that αSMA localizes to the nucleus in wildtype (WT) smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enriches in the nucleus with SMC differentiation, and associates with chromatin remodeling complexes and SMC contractile gene promotors. The ACTA2 p.R179 αSMA variant shows decreased nuclear localization. Primary SMCs from Acta2 SMC-R179C/+ mice are less differentiated than WT SMCs in vitro and in vivo and have global changes in chromatin accessibility. Induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with ACTA2 p.R179 variants fail to fully differentiate from neuroectodermal progenitor cells to SMCs, and single-cell transcriptomic analyses of an ACTA2 p.R179H patient's aortic tissue show increased SMC plasticity. Thus, nuclear αSMA participates in SMC differentiation, and loss of this nuclear activity occurs with ACTA2 p.R179 pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie S. Kwartler
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Albert J. Pedroza
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Anita Kaw
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Pujun Guan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Shuangtao Ma
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
- Current address: Department Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Xue-yan Duan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Caroline Kernell
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Charis Wang
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jose Emiliano Esparza Pinelo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Mikayla S. Borthwick Bowen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xuetong Shen
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Dianna M. Milewicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
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4
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Ojha KR, Kim H, Padgham S, Hopkins L, Zamen RJ, Chattopadhyay A, Han G, Milewicz DM, Massett MP, Trache A. Smooth Muscle-Alpha Actin R149C Pathogenic Variant Downregulates Integrin Recruitment at Cell-Matrix Adhesions and Decreases Cellular Contractility. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9616. [PMID: 37298565 PMCID: PMC10253315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm is found in patients with ACTA2 pathogenic variants. ACTA2 missense variants are associated with impaired aortic smooth muscle cell (SMC) contraction. This study tested the hypothesis that the Acta2R149C/+ variant alters actin isoform expression and decreases integrin recruitment, thus, reducing aortic contractility. Stress relaxation measurements in thoracic aortic rings showed two functional regimes with a reduction of stress relaxation in the aorta from Acta2R149C/+ mice at low tension, but not at high tension values. Contractile responses to phenylephrine and potassium chloride were 50% lower in Acta2R149C/+ mice than in wild-type (WT) mice. Additionally, SMC were immunofluorescently labeled for specific proteins and imaged by confocal or total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. The quantification of protein fluorescence of Acta2R149C/+ SMC showed a downregulation in smooth muscle α-actin (SMα-actin) and a compensatory upregulation of smooth muscle γ-actin (SMγ-actin) compared to WT cells. These results suggest that downregulation of SMα-actin leads to reduced SMC contractility, while upregulation of SMγ-actin may lead to increased SMC stiffness. Decreased α5β1 and α2β1 integrin recruitment at cell-matrix adhesions further reduce the ability of mutant cells to participate in cell-matrix crosstalk. Collectively, the results suggest that mutant Acta2R149C/+ aortic SMC have reduced contractility and interaction with the matrix, which are potential long-term contributing factors to thoracic aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna R. Ojha
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Hyoseon Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Samuel Padgham
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Laura Hopkins
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Robert J. Zamen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Abhijnan Chattopadhyay
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Dianna M. Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael P. Massett
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Andreea Trache
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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5
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Yao Y, Pohan G, Cutiongco MFA, Jeong Y, Kunihiro J, Zaw AM, David D, Shangguan H, Yu ACH, Yim EKF. In vivo evaluation of compliance mismatch on intimal hyperplasia formation in small diameter vascular grafts. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:3297-3307. [PMID: 36943136 PMCID: PMC10160004 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Small diameter synthetic vascular grafts have high failure rate due to the thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia formation. Compliance mismatch between the synthetic graft and native artery has been speculated to be one of the main causes of intimal hyperplasia. However, changing the compliance of synthetic materials without altering material chemistry remains a challenge. Here, we used poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel as a graft material due to its biocompatibility and tunable mechanical properties to investigate the role of graft compliance in the development of intimal hyperplasia and in vivo patency. Two groups of PVA small diameter grafts with low compliance and high compliance were fabricated by dip casting method and implanted in a rabbit carotid artery end-to-side anastomosis model for 4 weeks. We demonstrated that the grafts with compliance that more closely matched with rabbit carotid artery had lower anastomotic intimal hyperplasia formation and higher graft patency compared to low compliance grafts. Overall, this study suggested that reducing the compliance mismatch between the native artery and vascular grafts is beneficial for reducing intimal hyperplasia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
| | - Grace Pohan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
| | - Marie F A Cutiongco
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK M13 9PL
| | - YeJin Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
| | - Joshua Kunihiro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
| | - Aung Moe Zaw
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
| | - Dency David
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
| | - Hanyue Shangguan
- Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Alfred C H Yu
- Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
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6
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Luu N, Bajpai A, Li R, Park S, Noor M, Ma X, Chen W. Aging-associated Decline in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Mechanosensation is Mediated by Piezo1 Channel. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.27.538557. [PMID: 37163041 PMCID: PMC10168328 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.27.538557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Aging of the vasculature is associated with detrimental changes in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) mechanosensitivity to extrinsic forces in their surrounding microenvironment. However, how chronological aging alters VSMCs' ability to sense and adapt to mechanical perturbations remains unexplored. Here, we show defective VSMC mechanosensation in aging measured with ultrasound tweezers-based micromechanical system, force instantaneous frequency spectrum and transcriptome analyses. The mechanobiological study reveals that aged VSMCs adapt a relatively inert solid-like state with altered actin cytoskeletal integrity, resulting in an impairment in their mechanosensitivity and dynamic mechanoresponse to mechanical perturbations. The aging-associated decline in mechanosensation behaviors is mediated by hyperactivity of Piezo1-dependent calcium signaling. Inhibition of Piezo1 alleviates vascular aging and partially restores the loss in dynamic contractile properties in aged cells. Altogether, our study reveals the novel signaling pathway underlying aging-associated aberrant mechanosensation in VSMC and identifies Piezo1 as a potential therapeutic mechanobiological target to alleviate vascular aging.
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7
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Kwartler CS, Pedroza AJ, Kaw A, Guan P, Ma S, Duan XY, Kernell C, Wang C, Pinelo JEE, Borthwick MS, Chen J, Zhong Y, Sinha S, Shen X, Fischbein MP, Milewicz DM. Nuclear Smooth Muscle α-actin in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-1623114. [PMID: 36909460 PMCID: PMC10002808 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1623114/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Missense variants throughout ACTA2, encoding smooth muscle α-actin (αSMA), predispose to adult onset thoracic aortic disease, but variants disrupting arginine 179 (R179) lead to Smooth Muscle Dysfunction Syndrome (SMDS) characterized by childhood-onset diverse vascular diseases. Our data indicate that αSMA localizes to the nucleus in wildtype (WT) smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enriches in the nucleus with SMC differentiation, and associates with chromatin remodeling complexes and SMC contractile gene promotors, and the ACTA2 p.R179 variant decreases nuclear localization of αSMA. SMCs explanted from a SMC-specific conditional knockin mouse model, Acta2SMC-R179/+, are less differentiated than WT SMCs, both in vitro and in vivo, and have global changes in chromatin accessibility. Induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with ACTA2 p.R179 variants fail to fully differentiate from neural crest cells to SMCs, and single cell transcriptomic analyses of an ACTA2 p.R179H patient's aortic tissue shows increased SMC plasticity. Thus, nuclear αSMA participates in SMC differentiation and loss of this nuclear activity occurs with ACTA2 p.R179 pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie S. Kwartler
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Albert J. Pedroza
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Anita Kaw
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Pujun Guan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Shuangtao Ma
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
- Current address: Department Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Xue-yan Duan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Caroline Kernell
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Charis Wang
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jose Emiliano Esparza Pinelo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Mikayla S. Borthwick
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xuetong Shen
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Dianna M. Milewicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
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8
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Rombouts KB, van Merrienboer TAR, Ket JCF, Bogunovic N, van der Velden J, Yeung KK. The role of vascular smooth muscle cells in the development of aortic aneurysms and dissections. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13697. [PMID: 34698377 PMCID: PMC9285394 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic aneurysms (AA) are pathological dilations of the aorta, associated with an overall mortality rate up to 90% in case of rupture. In addition to dilation, the aortic layers can separate by a tear within the layers, defined as aortic dissections (AD). Vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMC) are the predominant cell type within the aortic wall and dysregulation of vSMC functions contributes to AA and AD development and progression. However, since the exact underlying mechanism is poorly understood, finding potential therapeutic targets for AA and AD is challenging and surgery remains the only treatment option. METHODS In this review, we summarize current knowledge about vSMC functions within the aortic wall and give an overview of how vSMC functions are altered in AA and AD pathogenesis, organized per anatomical location (abdominal or thoracic aorta). RESULTS Important functions of vSMC in healthy or diseased conditions are apoptosis, phenotypic switch, extracellular matrix regeneration and degradation, proliferation and contractility. Stressors within the aortic wall, including inflammatory cell infiltration and (epi)genetic changes, modulate vSMC functions and cause disturbance of processes within vSMC, such as changes in TGF-β signalling and regulatory RNA expression. CONCLUSION This review underscores a central role of vSMC dysfunction in abdominal and thoracic AA and AD development and progression. Further research focused on vSMC dysfunction in the aortic wall is necessary to find potential targets for noninvasive AA and AD treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn B Rombouts
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center and AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tara A R van Merrienboer
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center and AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Natalija Bogunovic
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center and AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kak Khee Yeung
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center and AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Kumar A, Zhong Y, Albrecht A, Sang PB, Maples A, Liu Z, Vinayachandran V, Reja R, Lee CF, Kumar A, Chen J, Xiao J, Park B, Shen J, Liu B, Person MD, Trybus KM, Zhang KYJ, Pugh BF, Kamm KE, Milewicz DM, Shen X, Kapoor P. Actin R256 Mono-methylation Is a Conserved Post-translational Modification Involved in Transcription. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108172. [PMID: 32997990 PMCID: PMC8860185 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear actin has been elusive due to the lack of knowledge about molecular mechanisms. From actin-containing chromatin remodeling complexes, we discovered an arginine mono-methylation mark on an evolutionarily conserved R256 residue of actin (R256me1). Actin R256 mutations in yeast affect nuclear functions and cause diseases in human. Interestingly, we show that an antibody specific for actin R256me1 preferentially stains nuclear actin over cytoplasmic actin in yeast, mouse, and human cells. We also show that actin R256me1 is regulated by protein arginine methyl transferase-5 (PRMT5) in HEK293 cells. A genome-wide survey of actin R256me1 mark provides a landscape for nuclear actin correlated with transcription. Further, gene expression and protein interaction studies uncover extensive correlations between actin R256me1 and active transcription. The discovery of actin R256me1 mark suggests a fundamental mechanism to distinguish nuclear actin from cytoplasmic actin through post-translational modification (PTM) and potentially implicates an actin PTM mark in transcription and human diseases. Nuclear actin and actin PTMs are poorly understood. Kumar et al. discover a system of actin PTMs similar to histone PTMs, including a conserved mark on nuclear actin (R256me1) with potential implications for transcription and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park Research Division, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Amelie Albrecht
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park Research Division, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pau Biak Sang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Adrian Maples
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Zhenan Liu
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vinesh Vinayachandran
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Rohit Reja
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Chia-Fang Lee
- ICMB Proteomics Facility, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park Research Division, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Bongsoo Park
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jianjun Shen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park Research Division, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park Research Division, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Maria D Person
- ICMB Proteomics Facility, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kathleen M Trybus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Kam Y J Zhang
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - B Franklin Pugh
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kristine E Kamm
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuetong Shen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Science Park Research Division, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.
| | - Prabodh Kapoor
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA.
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10
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Ren K, Li B, Liu Z, Xia L, Zhai M, Wei X, Duan W, Yu S. GDF11 prevents the formation of thoracic aortic dissection in mice: Promotion of contractile transition of aortic SMCs. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4623-4636. [PMID: 33764670 PMCID: PMC8107100 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is an aortic disease associated with dysregulated extracellular matrix composition and de‐differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) superfamily associated with cardiovascular diseases. The present study attempted to investigate the expression of GDF11 in TAD and its effects on aortic SMC phenotype transition. GDF11 level was found lower in the ascending thoracic aortas of TAD patients than healthy aortas. The mouse model of TAD was established by β‐aminopropionitrile monofumarate (BAPN) combined with angiotensin II (Ang II). The expression of GDF11 was also decreased in thoracic aortic tissues accompanied with increased inflammation, arteriectasis and elastin degradation in TAD mice. Administration of GDF11 mitigated these aortic lesions and improved the survival rate of mice. Exogenous GDF11 and adeno‐associated virus type 2 (AAV‐2)‐mediated GDF11 overexpression increased the expression of contractile proteins including ACTA2, SM22α and myosin heavy chain 11 (MYH11) and decreased synthetic markers including osteopontin and fibronectin 1 (FN1), indicating that GDF11 might inhibit SMC phenotype transition and maintain its contractile state. Moreover, GDF11 inhibited the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2, 3, 9 in aortic SMCs. The canonical TGF‐β (Smad2/3) signalling was enhanced by GDF11, while its inhibition suppressed the inhibitory effects of GDF11 on SMC de‐differentiation and MMP production in vitro. Therefore, we demonstrate that GDF11 may contribute to TAD alleviation via inhibiting inflammation and MMP activity, and promoting the transition of aortic SMCs towards a contractile phenotype, which provides a therapeutic target for TAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ren
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Buying Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengen Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xufeng Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weixun Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiqiang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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11
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Chenbhanich J, Hu Y, Hetts S, Cooke D, Dowd C, Devine P, Russell B, Kang SHL, Chang VY, Abla AA, Cornett P, Yeh I, Lee H, Martinez-Agosto JA, Frieden IJ, Shieh JT. Segmental overgrowth and aneurysms due to mosaic PDGFRB p.(Tyr562Cys). Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1430-1436. [PMID: 33683022 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Activating variants in the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β gene (PDGFRB) have been associated with Kosaki overgrowth syndrome, infantile myofibromatosis, and Penttinen premature aging syndrome. A recently described phenotype with fusiform aneurysm has been associated with mosaic PDGFRB c.1685A > G p.(Tyr562Cys) variant. Few reports however have examined the vascular phenotypes and mosaic effects of PDGFRB variants. We describe clinical characteristics of two patients with a recurrent mosaic PDGFRB p.(Tyr562Cys) variant identified via next-generation sequencing-based genetic testing. We observed intracranial fusiform aneurysm in one patient and found an additional eight patients with aneurysms and phenotypes associated with PDGFRB-activating variants through literature search. The conditions caused by PDGFRB-activating variants share overlapping features including overgrowth, premature aged skin, and vascular malformations including aneurysms. Aneurysms are progressive and can result in morbidities and mortalities in the absence of successful intervention. Germline and/or somatic testing for PDGFRB gene should be obtained when PDGFRB activating variant-related phenotypes are present. Whole-body imaging of the arterial tree and echocardiography are recommended after diagnosis. Repeating the imaging study within a 6- to 12-month period after detection is reasonable. Finally, further evaluation for the effectiveness and safety profile of kinase inhibitors in this patient population is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirat Chenbhanich
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Steven Hetts
- Division of Neurointerventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel Cooke
- Division of Neurointerventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher Dowd
- Division of Neurointerventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Patrick Devine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Bianca Russell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sung Hae L Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vivian Y Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Adib A Abla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Patricia Cornett
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Iwei Yeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hane Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Julian A Martinez-Agosto
- Division of Neurointerventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ilona J Frieden
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joseph T Shieh
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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12
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Vaisar T, Hu JH, Airhart N, Fox K, Heinecke J, Nicosia RF, Kohler T, Potter ZE, Simon GM, Dix MM, Cravatt BF, Gharib SA, Dichek DA. Parallel Murine and Human Plaque Proteomics Reveals Pathways of Plaque Rupture. Circ Res 2020; 127:997-1022. [PMID: 32762496 PMCID: PMC7508285 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Plaque rupture is the proximate cause of most myocardial infarctions and many strokes. However, the molecular mechanisms that precipitate plaque rupture are unknown. OBJECTIVE By applying proteomic and bioinformatic approaches in mouse models of protease-induced plaque rupture and in ruptured human plaques, we aimed to illuminate biochemical pathways through which proteolysis causes plaque rupture and identify substrates that are cleaved in ruptured plaques. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed shotgun proteomics analyses of aortas of transgenic mice with macrophage-specific overexpression of urokinase (SR-uPA+/0 mice) and of SR-uPA+/0 bone marrow transplant recipients, and we used bioinformatic tools to evaluate protein abundance and functional category enrichment in these aortas. In parallel, we performed shotgun proteomics and bioinformatics studies on extracts of ruptured and stable areas of freshly harvested human carotid plaques. We also applied a separate protein-analysis method (protein topography and migration analysis platform) to attempt to identify substrates and proteolytic fragments in mouse and human plaque extracts. Approximately 10% of extracted aortic proteins were reproducibly altered in SR-uPA+/0 aortas. Proteases, inflammatory signaling molecules, as well as proteins involved with cell adhesion, the cytoskeleton, and apoptosis, were increased. ECM (Extracellular matrix) proteins, including basement-membrane proteins, were decreased. Approximately 40% of proteins were altered in ruptured versus stable areas of human carotid plaques, including many of the same functional categories that were altered in SR-uPA+/0 aortas. Collagens were minimally altered in SR-uPA+/0 aortas and ruptured human plaques; however, several basement-membrane proteins were reduced in both SR-uPA+/0 aortas and ruptured human plaques. Protein topography and migration analysis platform did not detect robust increases in proteolytic fragments of ECM proteins in either setting. CONCLUSIONS Parallel studies of SR-uPA+/0 mouse aortas and human plaques identify mechanisms that connect proteolysis with plaque rupture, including inflammation, basement-membrane protein loss, and apoptosis. Basement-membrane protein loss is a prominent feature of ruptured human plaques, suggesting a major role for basement-membrane proteins in maintaining plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Vaisar
- Departments of Medicine (T.V., J.H.H., N.A., K.F., J.H., S.A.G., D.A.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jie H Hu
- Departments of Medicine (T.V., J.H.H., N.A., K.F., J.H., S.A.G., D.A.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Nathan Airhart
- Departments of Medicine (T.V., J.H.H., N.A., K.F., J.H., S.A.G., D.A.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Kate Fox
- Departments of Medicine (T.V., J.H.H., N.A., K.F., J.H., S.A.G., D.A.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jay Heinecke
- Departments of Medicine (T.V., J.H.H., N.A., K.F., J.H., S.A.G., D.A.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Roberto F Nicosia
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D.A.D., R.F.N.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.F.N.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Ted Kohler
- Departments of Surgery (T.K.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Departments of Surgery (T.K.), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Zachary E Potter
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (Z.E.P., M.M.D., B.F.C.)
| | | | - Melissa M Dix
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (Z.E.P., M.M.D., B.F.C.)
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (Z.E.P., M.M.D., B.F.C.)
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Departments of Medicine (T.V., J.H.H., N.A., K.F., J.H., S.A.G., D.A.D.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - David A Dichek
- Departments of Medicine (T.V., J.H.H., N.A., K.F., J.H., S.A.G., D.A.D.), University of Washington, Seattle.,Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D.A.D., R.F.N.), University of Washington, Seattle
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13
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Massett MP, Bywaters BC, Gibbs HC, Trzeciakowski JP, Padgham S, Chen J, Rivera G, Yeh AT, Milewicz DM, Trache A. Loss of smooth muscle α-actin effects on mechanosensing and cell-matrix adhesions. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:374-384. [PMID: 32064918 PMCID: PMC7370591 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220903012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ACTA2 , encoding smooth muscle α-actin, are a frequent cause of heritable thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissections. These mutations are associated with impaired vascular smooth muscle cell function, which leads to decreased ability of the cell to sense matrix-mediated mechanical stimuli. This study investigates how loss of smooth muscle α-actin affects cytoskeletal tension development and cell adhesion using smooth muscle cells explanted from aorta of mice lacking smooth muscle α-actin. We tested the hypothesis that reduced vascular smooth muscle contractility due to a loss of smooth muscle α-actin decreases cellular mechanosensing by dysregulating cell adhesion to the matrix. Assessment of functional mechanical properties of the aorta by stress relaxation measurements in thoracic aortic rings suggested two functional regimes for Acta2 −/− mice. Lower stress relaxation was recorded in aortic rings from Acta2 −/− mice at tensions below 10 mN compared with wild type, likely driven by cytoskeletal-dependent contractility. However, no differences were recorded between the two groups above the 10 mN threshold, since at higher tension the matrix-dependent contractility may be predominant. In addition, our results showed that at any given level of stretch, transmural pressure is lower in aortic rings from Acta2 −/− mice than wild type mice. In addition, a three-dimensional collagen matrix contractility assay showed that collagen pellets containing Acta2 −/− smooth muscle cells contracted less than the pellets containing the wild type cells. Moreover, second harmonic generation non-linear microscopy revealed that Acta2 −/− cells locally remodeled the collagen matrix fibers to a lesser extent than wild type cells. Quantification of protein fluorescence measurements in cells also showed that in absence of smooth muscle α-actin, there is a compensatory increase in smooth muscle γ-actin. Moreover, specific integrin recruitment at cell–matrix adhesions was reduced in Acta2 −/− cells. Thus, our findings suggest that Acta2 −/− cells are unable to generate external forces to remodel the matrix due to reduced contractility and interaction with the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- MP Massett
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - BC Bywaters
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - HC Gibbs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - JP Trzeciakowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - S Padgham
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - J Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - G Rivera
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - AT Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - DM Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - A Trache
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
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14
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Lino Cardenas CL, Kessinger CW, Chou EL, Ghoshhajra B, Yeri AS, Das S, Weintraub NL, Malhotra R, Jaffer FA, Lindsay ME. HDAC9 complex inhibition improves smooth muscle-dependent stenotic vascular disease. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124706. [PMID: 30674723 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with heterozygous missense mutations in the ACTA2 or MYH11 gene are known to exhibit thoracic aortic aneurysm and a risk of early-onset aortic dissection. However, less common phenotypes involving arterial obstruction are also observed, including coronary and cerebrovascular stenotic disease. Herein we implicate the HDAC9 complex in transcriptional silencing of contractile protein-associated genes, known to undergo downregulation in stenotic lesions. Furthermore, neointimal formation was inhibited in HDAC9- or MALAT1-deficient mice with preservation of contractile protein expression. Pharmacologic targeting of the HDAC9 complex through either MALAT1 antisense oligonucleotides or inhibition of the methyltransferase EZH2 (catalytic mediator recruited by the HDAC9 complex) reduced neointimal formation. In conclusion, we report the implication of the HDAC9 complex in stenotic disease and demonstrate that pharmacologic therapy targeting epigenetic complexes can ameliorate arterial obstruction in an experimental system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chase W Kessinger
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine
| | - Elizabeth L Chou
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, and
| | - Brian Ghoshhajra
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashish S Yeri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine
| | - Farouc A Jaffer
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine
| | - Mark E Lindsay
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine.,Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, and.,Cardiovascular Genetics Program, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, and.,Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Kimura N, Aizawa K, Kawahito K, Itagaki R, Yamaguchi A, Misawa Y, Siepe M, Czerny M, Beyersdorf F, Kari FA, Rylski B. Outcomes of Early-Onset Acute Type A Aortic Dissection - Influence of Etiologic Factors. Circ J 2018; 83:285-294. [PMID: 30584230 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-18-0969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcomes of early-onset acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) associated with Marfan syndrome (MFS) are known, but not with other etiologies. Methods and Results: ATAAD patients from 2 centers (n=1,001) were divided into 2 groups: age ≤45 years (n=93) and age >45 years (n=908). Although in-hospital death and 10-year survival were similar (12% vs. 7% and 62.6% vs. 67.3%), the 10-year aortic event-free survival differed (50.0% vs. 80.2%; P<0.01). ATAAD patients from 3 centers (n=132), all aged ≤45 years, were divided into 5 groups: lone hypertension (HTN, n=71), MFS (n=23), non-syndromic familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (NS-FTAAD, n=16), bicuspid aortic valve (BAV, n=11), and no known etiologic factor (n=11). The incidence of severe aortic insufficiency varied between groups (HTN: 11%, MFS: 39%, NS-FTAAD: 38%, BAV: 55%, no known factor: 46%; P<0.01), whereas in-hospital death did not (14%, 22%, 0%, 0%, and 9%; P=0.061). The 10-year survival was 52.2%, 64.7%, 83.6%, 100%, and 90.9%, respectively, and 10-year aortic event-free survival was 55.6%, 36.3%, 77.5%, 90.0%, and 30.0%. Median descending aorta growth (mm/year) was 1.1 (0.1-3.4), 2.3 (0.3-5.3), 1.9 (1.3-2.7), 0.9 (-0.1-2.0), and 1.0 (-0.2-2.9) (P=0.15), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Late aortic events are common in young ATAAD patients. Known etiologic factors, though not BAV, negatively influence late outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University
| | - Kei Aizawa
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Jichi Medical University
| | - Koji Kawahito
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Jichi Medical University
| | - Ryo Itagaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University
| | - Atsushi Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University
| | - Yoshio Misawa
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Jichi Medical University
| | - Matthias Siepe
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
| | - Martin Czerny
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
| | - Friedhelm Beyersdorf
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
| | - Fabian Alexander Kari
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
| | - Bartosz Rylski
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
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16
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Huang X, Yue Z, Wu J, Chen J, Wang S, Wu J, Ren L, Zhang A, Deng P, Wang K, Wu C, Ding X, Ye P, Xia J. MicroRNA-21 Knockout Exacerbates Angiotensin II–Induced Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection in Mice With Abnormal Transforming Growth Factor-β–SMAD3 Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) are severe vascular conditions. Dysfunctional transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells and elevated angiotensin II (AngII) levels are implicated in the development of TAAD. In this study, we investigated whether these 2 factors lead to TAAD in a mouse model and explored the possibility of using microRNA-21 (
miR-21
) for the treatment of TAAD.
Approach and Results—
TAAD was developed in
Smad3
(mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3) heterozygous (S3
+/−
) mice infused with AngII. We found that p-ERK (phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases)– and p-JNK (phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase)–associated
miR-21
was higher in TAAD lesions. We hypothesize that downregulation of
miR-21
mitigate TAAD formation. However,
Smad3
+/−
:miR-21
−/−
(S3
+/−
21
−/−
) mice exhibited conspicuous TAAD formation after AngII infusion. The vascular wall was dilated, and aortic rupture occurred within 23 days during AngII infusion. We then examined canonical and noncanonical TGF-β signaling and found that
miR-21
knockout in S3
+/−
mice increased SMAD7 and suppressed canonical TGF-β signaling. Vascular smooth muscle cells lacking TGF-β signals tended to switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. The silencing of
Smad7
with lentivirus prevented AngII-induced TAAD formation in S3
+/−
21
−/−
mice.
Conclusions—
Our study demonstrated that
miR-21
knockout exacerbated AngII-induced TAAD formation in mice, which was associated with TGF-β signaling dysfunction. Therapeutic strategies targeting TAAD should consider unexpected side effects associated with alterations in TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Huang
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital (X.H., Z.Y., J.C., J.W., P.D., K.W., C.W., X.D., J.X.)
| | - Zhang Yue
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital (X.H., Z.Y., J.C., J.W., P.D., K.W., C.W., X.D., J.X.)
| | - Jia Wu
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital (X.H., Z.Y., J.C., J.W., P.D., K.W., C.W., X.D., J.X.)
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, Central Hospital of Wuhan (J.W.)
| | - Jiuling Chen
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital (X.H., Z.Y., J.C., J.W., P.D., K.W., C.W., X.D., J.X.)
| | - Sihua Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital (S.W.)
| | - Jie Wu
- Central Laboratory, Central Hospital of Wuhan (J.W.)
| | - Linyun Ren
- Department of Anesthesia, Central Hospital of Wuhan (L.R.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anchen Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central Hospital of Wuhan (A.Z., P.Y.)
| | - Peng Deng
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital (X.H., Z.Y., J.C., J.W., P.D., K.W., C.W., X.D., J.X.)
| | - Ke Wang
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital (X.H., Z.Y., J.C., J.W., P.D., K.W., C.W., X.D., J.X.)
| | - Chuangyan Wu
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital (X.H., Z.Y., J.C., J.W., P.D., K.W., C.W., X.D., J.X.)
| | - Xiangchao Ding
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital (X.H., Z.Y., J.C., J.W., P.D., K.W., C.W., X.D., J.X.)
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central Hospital of Wuhan (A.Z., P.Y.)
| | - Jiahong Xia
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital (X.H., Z.Y., J.C., J.W., P.D., K.W., C.W., X.D., J.X.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan (J.X.)
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17
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McGowan SE, McCoy DM. Neuropilin-1 and platelet-derived growth factor receptors cooperatively regulate intermediate filaments and mesenchymal cell migration during alveolar septation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29543041 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00511.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of secondary alveolar septa occurs primarily after birth in humans and is complete in mice postnatally, when mechanical stresses vary as air space pressure oscillates. Alveolar mesenchymal cells deposit elastic fibers, which limit cell strain; although when the elastic fiber network is incomplete, this function is also served by the intracellular cytoskeleton. Intermediate filament proteins support deformation during cell division and migration, which occur during septal elongation. Because platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα) signaling is essential for alveolar septation, we hypothesized that neuropilin-1 (NRP1) may link PDGFRα to cytoskeletal deformation. During cell migration, NRP1 links receptor tyrosine kinase signaling to cytoskeletal and focal adhesion remodeling. Therefore, we examined the consequences of nrp1 gene deletion in alveolar mesenchymal cells (myofibroblasts and pericytes). NRP1 depletion reduced the proportion of mesenchymal cells that contain nestin and desmin within the subpopulation that lacked PDGFRα but contained PDGFRβ. Desmin was reduced at alveolar entry rings, air spaces were enlarged, and surface area was reduced after NRP1 depletion. PDGFRα and NRP1 colocalized to membrane lipid rafts, which are known to contain Src kinase. NRP1 depletion reduced alveolar mesenchymal cell migration and PDGF-A-mediated activation of Src kinase, which may limit accumulation of desmin at septal tips (alveolar entry rings). Cooperation between NRP1 and PDGF signaling is required for secondary septation, and manipulation of NRP1 could promote alveolar regeneration without producing fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E McGowan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Diann M McCoy
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City, Iowa
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18
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Manaenko A, Yang P, Nowrangi D, Budbazar E, Hartman RE, Obenaus A, Pearce WJ, Zhang JH, Tang J. Inhibition of stress fiber formation preserves blood-brain barrier after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:87-102. [PMID: 27864464 PMCID: PMC5757435 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16679169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) represents the deadliest subtype of all strokes. The development of brain edema, a consequence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, is the most life-threatening event after ICH. Pathophysiological conditions activate the endothelium, one of the components of BBB, inducing rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Upon activation, globular actin assembles into a filamentous actin resulting in the formation of contractile actin bundles, stress fibers. The contraction of stress fibers leads to the formation of intercellular gaps between endothelial cells increasing the permeability of BBB. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ICH on stress fiber formation in CD1 mice. We hypothesized that ICH-induced formation of stress fiber is triggered by the activation of PDGFR-β and mediated by the cortactin/RhoA/LIMK pathway. We demonstrated that ICH induces formation of stress fibers. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the inhibition of PDGFR-β and its downstream reduced the number of stress fibers, preserving BBB and resulting in the amelioration of brain edema and improvement of neurological functions in mice after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatol Manaenko
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,2 Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peng Yang
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,3 Department of Emergency Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Derek Nowrangi
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Enkhjargal Budbazar
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Richard E Hartman
- 4 Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Andre Obenaus
- 5 Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - William J Pearce
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,6 Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,7 Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Yamashiro Y, Yanagisawa H. Crossing Bridges between Extra- and Intra-Cellular Events in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 25:99-110. [PMID: 28943527 PMCID: PMC5827090 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are common, life-threatening diseases and are a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Over the past decade, genetic approaches have revealed that 1) activation of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling, 2) alterations in the contractile apparatus of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and 3) defects in the extracellular matrix (ECM) were responsible for development of TAAs. Most recently, a fourth mechanism has been proposed in that dysfunction of mechanosensing in the aortic wall in response to hemodynamic stress may be a key driver of TAAs. Interestingly, the elastin-contractile unit, which is an anatomical and functional unit connecting extracellular elastic laminae to the intracellular SMC contractile filaments, via cell surface receptors, has been shown to play a critical role in the mechanosensing of SMCs, and many genes identified in TAAs encode for proteins along this continuum. However, it is still debated whether these four pathways converge into a common pathway. Currently, an effective therapeutic strategy based on the underlying mechanism of each type of TAAs has not been established. In this review, we will update the present knowledge on the molecular mechanism of TAAs with a focus on the signaling pathways potentially involved in the initiation of TAAs. Finally, we will evaluate current therapeutic strategies for TAAs and propose new directions for future treatment of TAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Yamashiro
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba
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Vascular disease-causing mutation, smooth muscle α-actin R258C, dominantly suppresses functions of α-actin in human patient fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E5569-E5578. [PMID: 28652363 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703506114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common genetic alterations for familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAAD) are missense mutations in vascular smooth muscle (SM) α-actin encoded by ACTA2 We focus here on ACTA2-R258C, a recurrent mutation associated with early onset of TAAD and occlusive moyamoya-like cerebrovascular disease. Recent biochemical results with SM α-actin-R258C predicted that this variant will compromise multiple actin-dependent functions in intact cells and tissues, but a model system to measure R258C-induced effects was lacking. We describe the development of an approach to interrogate functional consequences of actin mutations in affected patient-derived cells. Primary dermal fibroblasts from R258C patients exhibited increased proliferative capacity compared with controls, consistent with inhibition of growth suppression attributed to SM α-actin. Telomerase-immortalized lines of control and R258C human dermal fibroblasts were established and SM α-actin expression induced with adenovirus encoding myocardin-related transcription factor A, a potent coactivator of ACTA2 Two-dimensional Western blotting confirmed induction of both wild-type and mutant SM α-actin in heterozygous ACTA2-R258C cells. Expression of mutant SM α-actin in heterozygous ACTA2-R258C fibroblasts abrogated the significant effects of SM α-actin induction on formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions, filamentous to soluble actin ratio, matrix contraction, and cell migration. These results demonstrate that R258C dominantly disrupts cytoskeletal functions attributed to SM α-actin in fibroblasts and are consistent with deficiencies in multiple cytoskeletal functions. Thus, cellular defects due to this ACTA2 mutation in both aortic smooth muscle cells and adventitial fibroblasts may contribute to development of TAAD and proliferative occlusive vascular disease.
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Tu ZL, Yu B, Huang DY, Ojha R, Zhou SK, An HD, Liu R, Du C, Shen N, Fu JH, Hou SX. Proteomic analysis and comparison of intra‑ and extracranial cerebral atherosclerosis responses to hyperlipidemia in rabbits. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2347-2354. [PMID: 28677755 PMCID: PMC5548028 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate protein expression levels of intra‑ and extracranial atherosclerosis in rabbits following administration of a high‑fat diet. Rabbits were randomly divided into control (group A; n=9) and high‑fat diet (group B; n=9) groups. At week 12, tissues were sectioned from the common carotid artery (CCA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA). Pathological analysis was performed. Differential protein expression levels were examined by 2‑D gel electrophoresis (2‑DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis and validated by western blotting. Serum lipid levels, the intima‑media thickness (IMT) and degree of atherosclerosis of the CCA and MCA were increased at week 12 in the high‑fat diet group compared with rabbits that received a normal diet. 2‑DE and MS analysis of the protein extracted from CCA and MCA detected >439 different proteins; the expression of 25 proteins was altered, and 8 proteins [albumin A chain, tropomyosin α‑1 chain (TPM1), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), α‑smooth muscle actin, β‑galactose binding agglutinin, TPM4 isoform 2, cell keratin 9, single octylic acid glyceride β‑2) demonstrated significant alterations in expression levels. Due to limited antibody sources, only three differentially expressed proteins (TPM1, HSP70 and α‑smooth muscle actin) were examined by western blotting. The results of our previous study demonstrated that hyperlipidemia affected the IMT of intracranial and extracranial cerebral arteries. In the present study, protein expression levels of TPM1 and α‑smooth muscle actin from extracranial cerebral arteries were significantly increased compared with intracranial cerebral arteries; however, protein expression levels of HSP70 from intracranial cerebral arteries was increased compared with extracranial cerebral arteries. The differences may be closely associated with cell proliferation and metastasis, and oxidoreduction, in intra‑ and extracranial cerebral atherosclerosis. HSP70 may have protective properties against atherosclerosis via underlying anti‑inflammatory mechanisms, furthermore, differential protein expression levels (TPM1, HSP70 and α‑smooth muscle actin) between intra‑ and extracranial cerebral arteries may facilitate the identification of novel biological markers for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lan Tu
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Ya Huang
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Rajeev Ojha
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Kui Zhou
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - He-Di An
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Cui Du
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Nan Shen
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
| | - Shuang-Xing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
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22
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Johar D. Cytoskeletal remodeling and regulation of cell fate in the hypertensive neonatal pulmonary artery in response to stress. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2146-2161. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Johar
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Rady College of Medicine; Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
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23
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Chen J, Peters A, Papke CL, Villamizar C, Ringuette LJ, Cao J, Wang S, Ma S, Gong L, Byanova KL, Xiong J, Zhu MX, Madonna R, Kee P, Geng YJ, Brasier AR, Davis EC, Prakash S, Kwartler CS, Milewicz DM. Loss of Smooth Muscle α-Actin Leads to NF-κB-Dependent Increased Sensitivity to Angiotensin II in Smooth Muscle Cells and Aortic Enlargement. Circ Res 2017; 120:1903-1915. [PMID: 28461455 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mutations in ACTA2, encoding the smooth muscle isoform of α-actin, cause thoracic aortic aneurysms, acute aortic dissections, and occlusive vascular diseases. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify the mechanism by which loss of smooth muscle α-actin causes aortic disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Acta2-/- mice have an increased number of elastic lamellae in the ascending aorta and progressive aortic root dilation as assessed by echocardiography that can be attenuated by treatment with losartan, an angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor blocker. AngII levels are not increased in Acta2-/- aortas or kidneys. Aortic tissue and explanted smooth muscle cells from Acta2-/- aortas show increased production of reactive oxygen species and increased basal nuclear factor κB signaling, leading to an increase in the expression of the AngII receptor type I a and activation of signaling at 100-fold lower levels of AngII in the mutant compared with wild-type cells. Furthermore, disruption of smooth muscle α-actin filaments in wild-type smooth muscle cells by various mechanisms activates nuclear factor κB signaling and increases expression of AngII receptor type I a. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that disruption of smooth muscle α-actin filaments in smooth muscle cells increases reactive oxygen species levels, activates nuclear factor κB signaling, and increases AngII receptor type I a expression, thus potentiating AngII signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells without an increase in the exogenous levels of AngII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Chen
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Andrew Peters
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Christina L Papke
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Carlos Villamizar
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Lea-Jeanne Ringuette
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Jiumei Cao
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Shanzhi Wang
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Shuangtao Ma
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Limin Gong
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Katerina L Byanova
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Jian Xiong
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Michael X Zhu
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Patrick Kee
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Yong-Jian Geng
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Allan R Brasier
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Elaine C Davis
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Siddharth Prakash
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Callie S Kwartler
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.)
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (J.C., A.P., C.L.P., C.V., J.C., S.W., S.M., L.G., K.L.B., R.M., P.K., Y.-J.G., S.P., C.S.K., D.M.M.) and Integrative Biology and Pharmacology (J.X., M.X.Z.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Anatomy and Cell Biology, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Sciences, and Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (A.R.B.).
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Milewicz DM, Prakash SK, Ramirez F. Therapeutics Targeting Drivers of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Acute Aortic Dissections: Insights from Predisposing Genes and Mouse Models. Annu Rev Med 2017; 68:51-67. [PMID: 28099082 PMCID: PMC5499376 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-100415-022956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic diseases, including aneurysms and dissections of the thoracic aorta, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Risk factors for thoracic aortic disease include increased hemodynamic forces on the ascending aorta, typically due to poorly controlled hypertension, and heritable genetic variants. The altered genes predisposing to thoracic aortic disease either disrupt smooth muscle cell (SMC) contraction or adherence to an impaired extracellular matrix, or decrease canonical transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling. Paradoxically, TGF-β hyperactivity has been postulated to be the primary driver for the disease. More recently, it has been proposed that the response of aortic SMCs to the hemodynamic load on a structurally defective aorta is the primary driver of thoracic aortic disease, and that TGF-β overactivity in diseased aortas is a secondary, unproductive response to restore tissue function. The engineering of mouse models of inherited aortopathies has identified potential therapeutic agents to prevent thoracic aortic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianna M Milewicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030;
| | - Siddharth K Prakash
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030;
| | - Francesco Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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Guo DC, Duan XY, Regalado ES, Mellor-Crummey L, Kwartler CS, Kim D, Lieberman K, de Vries BB, Pfundt R, Schinzel A, Kotzot D, Shen X, Yang ML, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Gornik HL, Ganesh SK, Braverman AC, Grange DK, Milewicz DM, Milewicz DM. Loss-of-Function Mutations in YY1AP1 Lead to Grange Syndrome and a Fibromuscular Dysplasia-Like Vascular Disease. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 100:21-30. [PMID: 27939641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a heterogeneous group of non-atherosclerotic and non-inflammatory arterial diseases that primarily involves the renal and cerebrovascular arteries. Grange syndrome is an autosomal-recessive condition characterized by severe and early-onset vascular disease similar to FMD and variable penetrance of brachydactyly, syndactyly, bone fragility, and learning disabilities. Exome-sequencing analysis of DNA from three affected siblings with Grange syndrome identified compound heterozygous nonsense variants in YY1AP1, and homozygous nonsense or frameshift YY1AP1 variants were subsequently identified in additional unrelated probands with Grange syndrome. YY1AP1 encodes yin yang 1 (YY1)-associated protein 1 and is an activator of the YY1 transcription factor. We determined that YY1AP1 localizes to the nucleus and is a component of the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex, which is responsible for transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, and replication. Molecular studies revealed that loss of YY1AP1 in vascular smooth muscle cells leads to cell cycle arrest with decreased proliferation and increased levels of the cell cycle regulator p21/WAF/CDKN1A and disrupts TGF-β-driven differentiation of smooth muscle cells. Identification of YY1AP1 mutations as a cause of FMD indicates that this condition can result from underlying genetic variants that significantly alter the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm is a potentially life-threatening condition in that it places patients at risk for aortic dissection or rupture. However, our modern understanding of the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysm is quite limited. A genetic predisposition to thoracic aortic aneurysm has been established, and gene discovery in affected families has identified several major categories of gene alterations. The first involves mutations in genes encoding various components of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling cascade (FBN1, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, TGFB2, TGFB3, SMAD2, SMAD3 and SKI), and these conditions are known collectively as the TGF-β vasculopathies. The second set of genes encode components of the smooth muscle contractile apparatus (ACTA2, MYH11, MYLK, and PRKG1), a group called the smooth muscle contraction vasculopathies. Mechanistic hypotheses based on these discoveries have shaped rational therapies, some of which are under clinical evaluation. This review discusses published data on genes involved in thoracic aortic aneurysm and attempts to explain divergent hypotheses of aneurysm origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Isselbacher
- From Thoracic Aortic Center (E.M.I., C.L.L.C., M.E.L.), Cardiovascular Genetics Program (M.E.L.), Cardiovascular Research Center (C.L.L.C., M.E.L.), and Cardiology Division (E.M.I., C.L.L.C., M.E.L.), Department of Medicine, and Pediatric Cardiology Division, Department of Pediatrics (M.E.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Christian Lacks Lino Cardenas
- From Thoracic Aortic Center (E.M.I., C.L.L.C., M.E.L.), Cardiovascular Genetics Program (M.E.L.), Cardiovascular Research Center (C.L.L.C., M.E.L.), and Cardiology Division (E.M.I., C.L.L.C., M.E.L.), Department of Medicine, and Pediatric Cardiology Division, Department of Pediatrics (M.E.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Mark E Lindsay
- From Thoracic Aortic Center (E.M.I., C.L.L.C., M.E.L.), Cardiovascular Genetics Program (M.E.L.), Cardiovascular Research Center (C.L.L.C., M.E.L.), and Cardiology Division (E.M.I., C.L.L.C., M.E.L.), Department of Medicine, and Pediatric Cardiology Division, Department of Pediatrics (M.E.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
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Perisic Matic L, Rykaczewska U, Razuvaev A, Sabater-Lleal M, Lengquist M, Miller CL, Ericsson I, Röhl S, Kronqvist M, Aldi S, Magné J, Paloschi V, Vesterlund M, Li Y, Jin H, Diez MG, Roy J, Baldassarre D, Veglia F, Humphries SE, de Faire U, Tremoli E, Odeberg J, Vukojević V, Lehtiö J, Maegdefessel L, Ehrenborg E, Paulsson-Berne G, Hansson GK, Lindeman JHN, Eriksson P, Quertermous T, Hamsten A, Hedin U. Phenotypic Modulation of Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis Is Associated With Downregulation of LMOD1, SYNPO2, PDLIM7, PLN, and SYNM. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1947-61. [PMID: 27470516 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Key augmented processes in atherosclerosis have been identified, whereas less is known about downregulated pathways. Here, we applied a systems biology approach to examine suppressed molecular signatures, with the hypothesis that they may provide insight into mechanisms contributing to plaque stability. APPROACH AND RESULTS Muscle contraction, muscle development, and actin cytoskeleton were the most downregulated pathways (false discovery rate=6.99e-21, 1.66e-6, 2.54e-10, respectively) in microarrays from human carotid plaques (n=177) versus healthy arteries (n=15). In addition to typical smooth muscle cell (SMC) markers, these pathways also encompassed cytoskeleton-related genes previously not associated with atherosclerosis. SYNPO2, SYNM, LMOD1, PDLIM7, and PLN expression positively correlated to typical SMC markers in plaques (Pearson r>0.6, P<0.0001) and in rat intimal hyperplasia (r>0.8, P<0.0001). By immunohistochemistry, the proteins were expressed in SMCs in normal vessels, but largely absent in human plaques and intimal hyperplasia. Subcellularly, most proteins localized to the cytoskeleton in cultured SMCs and were regulated by active enhancer histone modification H3K27ac by chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing. Functionally, the genes were downregulated by PDGFB (platelet-derived growth factor beta) and IFNg (interferron gamma), exposure to shear flow stress, and oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) loading. Genetic variants in PDLIM7, PLN, and SYNPO2 loci associated with progression of carotid intima-media thickness in high-risk subjects without symptoms of cardiovascular disease (n=3378). By eQTL (expression quantitative trait locus), rs11746443 also associated with PDLIM7 expression in plaques. Mechanistically, silencing of PDLIM7 in vitro led to downregulation of SMC markers and disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, decreased cell spreading, and increased proliferation. CONCLUSIONS We identified a panel of genes that reflect the altered phenotype of SMCs in vascular disease and could be early sensitive markers of SMC dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubica Perisic Matic
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
| | - Urszula Rykaczewska
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Anton Razuvaev
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Mariette Lengquist
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Clint L Miller
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Ida Ericsson
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Samuel Röhl
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Malin Kronqvist
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Silvia Aldi
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Joelle Magné
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Valentina Paloschi
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Mattias Vesterlund
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Yuhuang Li
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Hong Jin
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Maria Gonzalez Diez
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Joy Roy
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Fabrizio Veglia
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Steve E Humphries
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Ulf de Faire
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Elena Tremoli
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Jacob Odeberg
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Vladana Vukojević
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Janne Lehtiö
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Ewa Ehrenborg
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Gabrielle Paulsson-Berne
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Göran K Hansson
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Jan H N Lindeman
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Per Eriksson
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Anders Hamsten
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Ulf Hedin
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
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Chen L, DeWispelaere A, Dastvan F, Osborne WRA, Blechner C, Windhorst S, Daum G. Smooth Muscle-Alpha Actin Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration by Inhibiting Rac1 Activity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155726. [PMID: 27176050 PMCID: PMC4866761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMA) is a marker for the contractile, non-proliferative phenotype of adult smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Upon arterial injury, expression of SMA and other structural proteins decreases and SMCs acquire a pro-migratory and proliferative phenotype. To what extent SMA regulates migration and proliferation of SMCs is unclear and putative signaling pathways involved remain to be elucidated. Here, we used lentiviral-mediated gene transfer and siRNA technology to manipulate expression of SMA in carotid mouse SMCs and studied effects of SMA. Overexpression of SMA results in decreased proliferation and migration and blunts serum-induced activation of the small GTPase Rac, but not RhoA. All inhibitory effects of SMA are rescued by expression of a constitutively active Rac1 mutant (V12rac1). Moreover, reduction of SMA expression by siRNA technology results in an increased activation of Rac. Taken together, this study identifies Rac1 as a downstream target for SMA to inhibit SMC proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chen
- Department of Surgery and Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Allison DeWispelaere
- Department of Surgery and Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Frank Dastvan
- Department of Surgery and Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - William R. A. Osborne
- Department of Pediatrics and Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence at the University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Christine Blechner
- Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sabine Windhorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Guenter Daum
- Department of Surgery and Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wallace S, Guo DC, Regalado E, Mellor-Crummey L, Bamshad M, Nickerson DA, Dauser R, Hanchard N, Marom R, Martin E, Berka V, Sharina I, Ganesan V, Saunders D, Morris SA, Milewicz DM. Disrupted nitric oxide signaling due to GUCY1A3 mutations increases risk for moyamoya disease, achalasia and hypertension. Clin Genet 2016; 90:351-60. [PMID: 26777256 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a progressive vasculopathy characterized by occlusion of the terminal portion of the internal carotid arteries and its branches, and the formation of compensatory moyamoya collateral vessels. Homozygous mutations in GUCY1A3 have been reported as a cause of MMD and achalasia. Probands (n = 96) from unrelated families underwent sequencing of GUCY1A3. Functional studies were performed to confirm the pathogenicity of identified GUCY1A3 variants. Two affected individuals from the unrelated families were found to have compound heterozygous mutations in GUCY1A3. MM041 was diagnosed with achalasia at 4 years of age, hypertension and MMD at 18 years of age. MM149 was diagnosed with MMD and hypertension at the age of 20 months. Both individuals carry one allele that is predicted to lead to haploinsufficiency and a second allele that is predicted to produce a mutated protein. Biochemical studies of one of these alleles, GUCY1A3 Cys517Tyr, showed that the mutant protein (a subunit of soluble guanylate cyclase) has a significantly blunted signaling response with exposure to nitric oxide (NO). GUCY1A3 missense and haploinsufficiency mutations disrupt NO signaling leading to MMD and hypertension, with or without achalasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wallace
- Division of Medical Genetics, Cardiology, and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D-C Guo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Cardiology, and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Regalado
- Division of Medical Genetics, Cardiology, and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Mellor-Crummey
- Division of Medical Genetics, Cardiology, and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Dauser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N Hanchard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Marom
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Martin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Cardiology, and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - V Berka
- Division of Medical Genetics, Cardiology, and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - I Sharina
- Division of Medical Genetics, Cardiology, and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - V Ganesan
- Neuroscience Unit, University College of London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - D Saunders
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - S A Morris
- Department of Pediatrics - Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D M Milewicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Cardiology, and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Kwartler C, Zhou P, Kuang SQ, Duan XY, Gong L, Milewicz D. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Isolation and Culture from Mouse Aorta. Bio Protoc 2016. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Georgescu MM, Pinho MDC, Richardson TE, Torrealba J, Buja LM, Milewicz DM, Raisanen JM, Burns DK. The defining pathology of the new clinical and histopathologic entity ACTA2-related cerebrovascular disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2015; 3:81. [PMID: 26637293 PMCID: PMC4670506 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-015-0262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smooth muscle cell contraction is an essential function of arteries and relies on the integrity of the actin-myosin apparatus. The tissue-specific α2-smooth muscle actin, encoded by ACTA2, is predominantly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells. ACTA2 mutations predispose to development of aortic aneurysms and early onset coronary and cerebrovascular disease. Based on arteriographic findings, a distinct cerebrovascular disease has been proposed for ACTA2 heterozygous patients carrying the R179H mutation. RESULTS We present the first integrated analysis of a severely compromised patient with the R179H mutation and define the arterial pathology of ACTA2-related cerebrovascular disease. Histologically, striking morphological abnormalities were present in cerebral arteries of all sizes. Massive intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation, fragmentation of the elastic laminae and medial fibromuscular proliferation characterized large arteries whereas prominent vessel wall thickening, fibrosis and smooth muscle cell proliferation were unique changes in small arteries. The medial fibrosis and smooth muscle cell proliferation explain the characteristic radiologic appearance of "straight arteries" and suggest impaired function of mutant smooth muscle cells. Actin three-dimensional molecular modeling revealed critical positioning of R179 at the interface between the two strands of filamentous actin and destabilization of inter-strand bundling by the R179H mutation, explaining the severe associated phenotype. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these characteristic clinical and pathologic findings confirm ACTA2-related cerebrovascular disease as a new cerebrovascular disorder for which new therapeutic strategies need to be designed.
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Mutant vascular actin is a TAAD misbehaving. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015. [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1512086112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Cecchi AC, Guo D, Ren Z, Flynn K, Santos-Cortez RLP, Leal SM, Wang GT, Regalado ES, Steinberg GK, Shendure J, Bamshad MJ, Grotta JC, Nickerson DA, Pannu H, Milewicz DM. RNF213 rare variants in an ethnically diverse population with Moyamoya disease. Stroke 2014; 45:3200-7. [PMID: 25278557 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.006244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare, genetically heterogeneous cerebrovascular disease resulting from occlusion of the distal internal carotid arteries. A variant in the Ring Finger 213 gene (RNF213), altering arginine at position 4810 (p.R4810K), is associated with MMD in Asian populations. However, there are a lack of data on the role of RNF213 in patients with MMD of additional ethnicities and diasporic Asian populations. We investigate the contribution of RNF213 alterations to MMD in an ethnically diverse population based in the United States. METHODS We initially sequenced RNF213 exons 43, 44, and 45 (encoding the eponymous RING finger domain) and exon 60 (encoding p.R4810K) in 86 ethnically diverse patients with MMD. Comprehensive exome sequencing data from 24 additional patients with MMD was then analyzed to identify RNF213 variants globally. Segregation of variants with MMD and other vascular diseases was assessed in families. RESULTS RNF213 p.R4810K was identified in 56% (9/16) of patients with MMD of Asian descent and not in 94 patients of non-Asian descent. 3.6% (4/110) of patients had variants in the exons encoding the RING finger domain. Seven additional variants were identified in 29% (7/24) of patients with MMD who underwent exome sequencing. Segregation analysis supported an association with MMD for 2 variants and a lack of association with disease for 1 variant. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that alterations in RNF213 predispose patients of diverse ethnicities to MMD, and that the p.R4810K variant predisposes individuals of Asian descent in the United States to MMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana C Cecchi
- From the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (A.C.C., D.G., Z.R., K.F., E.S.R., H.P., D.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.L.P.S.-C., S.M.L., G.T.W.); Department of Genome Sciences (J.S., M.J.B., D.A.N.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); and Clinical Innovation and Research Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.)
| | - Dongchuan Guo
- From the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (A.C.C., D.G., Z.R., K.F., E.S.R., H.P., D.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.L.P.S.-C., S.M.L., G.T.W.); Department of Genome Sciences (J.S., M.J.B., D.A.N.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); and Clinical Innovation and Research Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.)
| | - Zhao Ren
- From the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (A.C.C., D.G., Z.R., K.F., E.S.R., H.P., D.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.L.P.S.-C., S.M.L., G.T.W.); Department of Genome Sciences (J.S., M.J.B., D.A.N.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); and Clinical Innovation and Research Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.)
| | - Kelly Flynn
- From the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (A.C.C., D.G., Z.R., K.F., E.S.R., H.P., D.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.L.P.S.-C., S.M.L., G.T.W.); Department of Genome Sciences (J.S., M.J.B., D.A.N.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); and Clinical Innovation and Research Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.)
| | - Regie Lyn P Santos-Cortez
- From the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (A.C.C., D.G., Z.R., K.F., E.S.R., H.P., D.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.L.P.S.-C., S.M.L., G.T.W.); Department of Genome Sciences (J.S., M.J.B., D.A.N.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); and Clinical Innovation and Research Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.)
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- From the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (A.C.C., D.G., Z.R., K.F., E.S.R., H.P., D.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.L.P.S.-C., S.M.L., G.T.W.); Department of Genome Sciences (J.S., M.J.B., D.A.N.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); and Clinical Innovation and Research Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.)
| | - Gao T Wang
- From the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (A.C.C., D.G., Z.R., K.F., E.S.R., H.P., D.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.L.P.S.-C., S.M.L., G.T.W.); Department of Genome Sciences (J.S., M.J.B., D.A.N.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); and Clinical Innovation and Research Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.)
| | - Ellen S Regalado
- From the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (A.C.C., D.G., Z.R., K.F., E.S.R., H.P., D.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.L.P.S.-C., S.M.L., G.T.W.); Department of Genome Sciences (J.S., M.J.B., D.A.N.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); and Clinical Innovation and Research Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.)
| | - Gary K Steinberg
- From the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (A.C.C., D.G., Z.R., K.F., E.S.R., H.P., D.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.L.P.S.-C., S.M.L., G.T.W.); Department of Genome Sciences (J.S., M.J.B., D.A.N.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); and Clinical Innovation and Research Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.)
| | - Jay Shendure
- From the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (A.C.C., D.G., Z.R., K.F., E.S.R., H.P., D.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.L.P.S.-C., S.M.L., G.T.W.); Department of Genome Sciences (J.S., M.J.B., D.A.N.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); and Clinical Innovation and Research Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.)
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- From the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (A.C.C., D.G., Z.R., K.F., E.S.R., H.P., D.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.L.P.S.-C., S.M.L., G.T.W.); Department of Genome Sciences (J.S., M.J.B., D.A.N.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); and Clinical Innovation and Research Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.)
| | | | - James C Grotta
- From the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (A.C.C., D.G., Z.R., K.F., E.S.R., H.P., D.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.L.P.S.-C., S.M.L., G.T.W.); Department of Genome Sciences (J.S., M.J.B., D.A.N.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); and Clinical Innovation and Research Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.)
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- From the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (A.C.C., D.G., Z.R., K.F., E.S.R., H.P., D.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.L.P.S.-C., S.M.L., G.T.W.); Department of Genome Sciences (J.S., M.J.B., D.A.N.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); and Clinical Innovation and Research Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.)
| | - Hariyadarshi Pannu
- From the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (A.C.C., D.G., Z.R., K.F., E.S.R., H.P., D.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.L.P.S.-C., S.M.L., G.T.W.); Department of Genome Sciences (J.S., M.J.B., D.A.N.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); and Clinical Innovation and Research Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.)
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- From the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (A.C.C., D.G., Z.R., K.F., E.S.R., H.P., D.M.M.); Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.L.P.S.-C., S.M.L., G.T.W.); Department of Genome Sciences (J.S., M.J.B., D.A.N.) and Department of Pediatrics (M.J.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); and Clinical Innovation and Research Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX (J.C.G.).
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Chen R, Zhang F, Song L, Shu Y, Lin Y, Dong L, Nie X, Zhang D, Chen P, Han M. Transcriptome profiling reveals that the SM22α-regulated molecular pathways contribute to vascular pathology. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 72:263-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Li W, Li Q, Jiao Y, Qin L, Ali R, Zhou J, Ferruzzi J, Kim RW, Geirsson A, Dietz HC, Offermanns S, Humphrey JD, Tellides G. Tgfbr2 disruption in postnatal smooth muscle impairs aortic wall homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:755-67. [PMID: 24401272 DOI: 10.1172/jci69942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β is essential for vascular development; however, excess TGF-β signaling promotes thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in multiple disorders, including Marfan syndrome. Since the pathology of TGF-β overactivity manifests primarily within the arterial media, it is widely assumed that suppression of TGF-β signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells will ameliorate aortic disease. We tested this hypothesis by conditional inactivation of Tgfbr2, which encodes the TGF-β type II receptor, in smooth muscle cells of postweanling mice. Surprisingly, the thoracic aorta rapidly thickened, dilated, and dissected in these animals. Tgfbr2 disruption predictably decreased canonical Smad signaling, but unexpectedly increased MAPK signaling. Type II receptor-independent effects of TGF-β and pathological responses by nonrecombined smooth muscle cells were excluded by serologic neutralization. Aortic disease was caused by a perturbed contractile apparatus in medial cells and growth factor production by adventitial cells, both of which resulted in maladaptive paracrine interactions between the vessel wall compartments. Treatment with rapamycin restored a quiescent smooth muscle phenotype and prevented dissection. Tgfbr2 disruption in smooth muscle cells also accelerated aneurysm growth in a murine model of Marfan syndrome. Our data indicate that basal TGF-β signaling in smooth muscle promotes postnatal aortic wall homeostasis and impedes disease progression.
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