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Venediktov AA, Bushueva OY, Kudryavtseva VA, Kuzmin EA, Moiseeva AV, Baldycheva A, Meglinski I, Piavchenko GA. Closest horizons of Hsp70 engagement to manage neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1230436. [PMID: 37795273 PMCID: PMC10546621 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1230436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our review seeks to elucidate the current state-of-the-art in studies of 70-kilodalton-weighed heat shock proteins (Hsp70) in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). The family has already been shown to play a crucial role in pathological aggregation for a wide spectrum of brain pathologies. However, a slender boundary between a big body of fundamental data and its implementation has only recently been crossed. Currently, we are witnessing an anticipated advancement in the domain with dozens of studies published every month. In this review, we briefly summarize scattered results regarding the role of Hsp70 in the most common NDs including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We also bridge translational studies and clinical trials to portray the output for medical practice. Available options to regulate Hsp70 activity in NDs are outlined, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem A. Venediktov
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Bushueva
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Varvara A. Kudryavtseva
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor A. Kuzmin
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra V. Moiseeva
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Baldycheva
- STEMM Laboratory, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Meglinski
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gennadii A. Piavchenko
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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2
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Almeida LM, Oliveira Â, Oliveira JMA, Pinho BR. Stress response mechanisms in protein misfolding diseases: Profiling a cellular model of Huntington's disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 745:109711. [PMID: 37541563 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress response pathways like the integrated stress response (ISR), the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and the heat shock response (HSR) have emerged as part of the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD) - a currently incurable disease caused by the production of mutant huntingtin (mut-Htt). Previous data from HD patients suggest that ISR is activated while UPRmt and HSR are impaired in HD. The study of these stress response pathways as potential therapeutic targets in HD requires cellular models that mimic the activation status found in HD patients of such pathways. PC12 cells with inducible expression of the N-terminal fragment of mut-Htt are among the most used cell lines to model HD, however the activation of stress responses remains unclear in this model. The goal of this study is to characterize the activation of ISR, UPRmt and HSR in this HD cell model and evaluate if it mimics the activation status found in HD patients. We show that PC12 HD cell model presents reduced levels of Hsp90 and mitochondrial chaperones, suggesting an impaired activation or function of HSR and UPRmt. This HD model also presents increased levels of phosphorylated eIF2α, the master regulator of the ISR, but overall similar levels of ATF4 and decreased levels of CHOP - transcription factors downstream to eIF2α - in comparison to control, suggesting an initial activation of ISR. These results show that this model mimics the ISR activation and the impaired UPRmt and HSR found in HD patients. This work suggests that the PC12 N-terminal HD model is suitable for studying the role of stress response pathways in the pathophysiology of HD and for exploratory studies investigating the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana M Almeida
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Mitochondria and Neurobiology Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Oliveira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Mitochondria and Neurobiology Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge M A Oliveira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Mitochondria and Neurobiology Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Brígida R Pinho
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Mitochondria and Neurobiology Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Shafeek F, El-Kashef DH, Abu-Elsaad N, Ibrahim T. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in combination with corticosteroids mitigates heat stress-induced acute kidney injury through modulating heat shock protein 70 and toll-like receptor 4-dependent pathways. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3559-3571. [PMID: 37092712 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, recurrent heat stress (HS) and dehydration have been exhibited to give rise to kidney disease epidemic in hot regions. The current study was carried out to estimate a possible renoprotective effect of dexamethasone (Dexa) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as a heat shock protein (HSP)-70 inhibitor on HS-induced nephropathy. In total, five groups of rats were used: control group, HS group (exposed to heat for 40 min), Dexa+HS group (rats were injected with Dexa i.p.15 mg/kg/day for 3 days followed by HS), EGCG+HS group (rats received EGCG 100 mg/kg/day, orally, for 7 days followed by HS), and EGCG+ Dexa +HS group (rats received EGCG 100 mg/kg/day, orally, for 7 days and injected Dexa as described along the last 3 days followed by HS). Kidney sections were stained with H&E and scored for tubular injury. A marked increase in creatinine, urea, malondialdehyde (MDA), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, HSP-70, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and Caspase-3 expression was observed after HS induction (p < 0.001). Treatment with EGCG combined with Dexa notably reduced tubular injury, MCP-1, HSP-70, NF-κB, and TLR-4 levels (p < 0.001). Moreover, it increased IL-10, antioxidant capacity and Bcl-2 expression levels in the kidney (p < 0.001). This renoprotective impact might be attributed to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms besides interfering with TLR-4-mediated NF-κB activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Shafeek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dalia H El-Kashef
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Abu-Elsaad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Tarek Ibrahim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Mansky RH, Greguske EA, Yu D, Zarate N, Intihar TA, Tsai W, Brown TG, Thayer MN, Kumar K, Gomez-Pastor R. Tumor suppressor p53 regulates heat shock factor 1 protein degradation in Huntington's disease. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112198. [PMID: 36867535 PMCID: PMC10128052 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 and HSF1 are two major transcription factors involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis, whose dysregulation contributes to cancer and neurodegeneration. Contrary to most cancers, p53 is increased in Huntington's disease (HD) and other neurodegenerative diseases, while HSF1 is decreased. p53 and HSF1 reciprocal regulation has been shown in different contexts, but their connection in neurodegeneration remains understudied. Using cellular and animal models of HD, we show that mutant HTT stabilized p53 by abrogating the interaction between p53 and E3 ligase MDM2. Stabilized p53 promotes protein kinase CK2 alpha prime and E3 ligase FBXW7 transcription, both of which are responsible for HSF1 degradation. Consequently, p53 deletion in striatal neurons of zQ175 HD mice restores HSF1 abundance and decrease HTT aggregation and striatal pathology. Our work shows the mechanism connecting p53 stabilization with HSF1 degradation and pathophysiology in HD and sheds light on the broader molecular differences and commonalities between cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H Mansky
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Erin A Greguske
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dahyun Yu
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nicole Zarate
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Taylor A Intihar
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Wei Tsai
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Taylor G Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mackenzie N Thayer
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kompal Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Dong CL, Feng Z, Lu MX, Du YZ. Chilo suppressalis heat shock proteins are regulated by heat shock factor 1 during heat stress. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 32:69-78. [PMID: 36279182 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) functions to maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis by regulating the expression of target genes, including those encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs). In the present study, the gene encoding HSF1 was cloned from the rice pest Chilo suppressalis, and designated Cshsf1. The deduced protein product, CsHSF1, contained conserved domains typical of the HSF1 family, including a DNA-binding domain, two hydrophobic heptad repeat domains, and a C-terminal transactivation domain. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that Cshsf1 was highly expressed in hemocytes. Expression analysis in different developmental stages of C. suppressalis revealed that Cshsf1 was most highly expressed in male adults. RNAi-mediated silencing of Cshsf1 expression reduced C. suppressalis survival at high temperatures. To investigate the regulatory interactions between Cshsf1 and Cshsps, the promoters and expression patterns of 18 identified Cshsps in C. suppressalis were analysed; four types of heat shock elements (HSEs) were identified in promoter regions including canonical, tail-tail, head-head, and step/gap. The expression of Cshsp19.0, Cshsp21.7B, Cshsp60, Cshsp70 and Cshsp90 was positively regulated by Cshsf1; however, Cshsp22.8, Cshsp702, Cshsp705 and Cshsp706 gene expression was not altered. This study provides a foundation for future studies of HSF1 in insects during thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Lei Dong
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Feng
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Xing Lu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Kim H, Gomez-Pastor R. HSF1 and Its Role in Huntington's Disease Pathology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1410:35-95. [PMID: 36396925 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is the master transcriptional regulator of the heat shock response (HSR) in mammalian cells and is a critical element in maintaining protein homeostasis. HSF1 functions at the center of many physiological processes like embryogenesis, metabolism, immune response, aging, cancer, and neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms that allow HSF1 to control these different biological and pathophysiological processes are not fully understood. This review focuses on Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by severe protein aggregation of the huntingtin (HTT) protein. The aggregation of HTT, in turn, leads to a halt in the function of HSF1. Understanding the pathways that regulate HSF1 in different contexts like HD may hold the key to understanding the pathomechanisms underlying other proteinopathies. We provide the most current information on HSF1 structure, function, and regulation, emphasizing HD, and discussing its potential as a biological target for therapy. DATA SOURCES We performed PubMed search to find established and recent reports in HSF1, heat shock proteins (Hsp), HD, Hsp inhibitors, HSF1 activators, and HSF1 in aging, inflammation, cancer, brain development, mitochondria, synaptic plasticity, polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, and HD. STUDY SELECTIONS Research and review articles that described the mechanisms of action of HSF1 were selected based on terms used in PubMed search. RESULTS HSF1 plays a crucial role in the progression of HD and other protein-misfolding related neurodegenerative diseases. Different animal models of HD, as well as postmortem brains of patients with HD, reveal a connection between the levels of HSF1 and HSF1 dysfunction to mutant HTT (mHTT)-induced toxicity and protein aggregation, dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and disruption of the structural and functional integrity of synaptic connections, which eventually leads to neuronal loss. These features are shared with other neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Currently, several inhibitors against negative regulators of HSF1, as well as HSF1 activators, are developed and hold promise to prevent neurodegeneration in HD and other NDs. CONCLUSION Understanding the role of HSF1 during protein aggregation and neurodegeneration in HD may help to develop therapeutic strategies that could be effective across different NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuck Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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White A, McGlone A, Gomez-Pastor R. Protein Kinase CK2 and Its Potential Role as a Therapeutic Target in Huntington's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1979. [PMID: 36009526 PMCID: PMC9406209 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's Disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the HTT gene, for which no disease modifying therapies are currently available. Much of the recent research has focused on developing therapies to directly lower HTT expression, and while promising, these therapies have presented several challenges regarding administration and efficacy. Another promising therapeutic approach is the modulation of HTT post-translational modifications (PTMs) that are dysregulated in disease and have shown to play a key role in HTT toxicity. Among all PTMs, modulation of HTT phosphorylation has been proposed as an attractive therapeutic option due to the possibility of orally administering specific kinase effectors. One of the kinases described to participate in HTT phosphorylation is Protein Kinase CK2. CK2 has recently emerged as a target for the treatment of several neurological and psychiatric disorders, although its role in HD remains controversial. While pharmacological studies in vitro inhibiting CK2 resulted in reduced HTT phosphorylation and increased toxicity, genetic approaches in mouse models of HD have provided beneficial effects. In this review we discuss potential therapeutic approaches related to the manipulation of HTT-PTMs with special emphasis on the role of CK2 as a therapeutic target in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Prakash P, Pradhan AK, Sheeba V. Hsp40 overexpression in pacemaker neurons delays circadian dysfunction in a Drosophila model of Huntington's disease. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:275556. [PMID: 35645202 PMCID: PMC9254228 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian disturbances are early features of neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD). Emerging evidence suggests that circadian decline feeds into neurodegenerative symptoms, exacerbating them. Therefore, we asked whether known neurotoxic modifiers can suppress circadian dysfunction. We performed a screen of neurotoxicity-modifier genes to suppress circadian behavioural arrhythmicity in a Drosophila circadian HD model. The molecular chaperones Hsp40 and HSP70 emerged as significant suppressors in the circadian context, with Hsp40 being the more potent mitigator. Upon Hsp40 overexpression in the Drosophila circadian ventrolateral neurons (LNv), the behavioural rescue was associated with neuronal rescue of loss of circadian proteins from small LNv soma. Specifically, there was a restoration of the molecular clock protein Period and its oscillations in young flies and a long-lasting rescue of the output neuropeptide Pigment dispersing factor. Significantly, there was a reduction in the expanded Huntingtin inclusion load, concomitant with the appearance of a spot-like Huntingtin form. Thus, we provide evidence implicating the neuroprotective chaperone Hsp40 in circadian rehabilitation. The involvement of molecular chaperones in circadian maintenance has broader therapeutic implications for neurodegenerative diseases. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: This study shows, for the first time, a neuroprotective role of chaperone Hsp40 in suppressing circadian dysfunction associated with Huntington's disease in a Drosophila model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavitra Prakash
- Evolutionary and Integrative Biology Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Arpit Kumar Pradhan
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Vasu Sheeba
- Evolutionary and Integrative Biology Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India.,Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
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Zarate N, Intihar TA, Yu D, Sawyer J, Tsai W, Syed M, Carlson L, Gomez-Pastor R. Heat Shock Factor 1 Directly Regulates Postsynaptic Scaffolding PSD-95 in Aging and Huntington's Disease and Influences Striatal Synaptic Density. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13113. [PMID: 34884918 PMCID: PMC8657899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PSD-95 (Dlg4) is an ionotropic glutamate receptor scaffolding protein essential in synapse stability and neurotransmission. PSD-95 levels are reduced during aging and in neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington's disease (HD), and it is believed to contribute to synaptic dysfunction and behavioral deficits. However, the mechanism responsible for PSD-95 dysregulation under these conditions is unknown. The Heat Shock transcription Factor 1 (HSF1), canonically known for its role in protein homeostasis, is also depleted in both aging and HD. Synaptic protein levels, including PSD-95, are influenced by alterations in HSF1 levels and activity, but the direct regulatory relationship between PSD-95 and HSF1 has yet to be determined. Here, we showed that HSF1 chronic or acute reduction in cell lines and mice decreased PSD-95 expression. Furthermore, Hsf1(+/-) mice had reduced PSD-95 synaptic puncta that paralleled a loss in thalamo-striatal excitatory synapses, an important circuit disrupted early in HD. We demonstrated that HSF1 binds to regulatory elements present in the PSD-95 gene and directly regulates PSD-95 expression. HSF1 DNA-binding on the PSD-95 gene was disrupted in an age-dependent manner in WT mice and worsened in HD cells and mice, leading to reduced PSD-95 levels. These results demonstrate a direct role of HSF1 in synaptic gene regulation that has important implications in synapse maintenance in basal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (N.Z.); (T.A.I.); (D.Y.); (J.S.); (W.T.); (M.S.); (L.C.)
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10
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Chen F, Hao L, Zhu S, Yang X, Shi W, Zheng K, Wang T, Chen H. Potential Adverse Effects of Dexamethasone Therapy on COVID-19 Patients: Review and Recommendations. Infect Dis Ther 2021; 10:1907-1931. [PMID: 34296386 PMCID: PMC8298044 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-021-00500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the global healthcare community has raced to find effective therapeutic agents against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To date, dexamethasone is the first and an important therapeutic to significantly reduce the risk of death in COVID-19 patients with severe disease. Due to powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, dexamethasone could attenuate SARS-CoV-2-induced uncontrolled cytokine storm, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and lung injury. Nevertheless, dexamethasone treatment is a double-edged sword, as numerous studies have revealed that it has significant adverse impacts later in life. In this article, we reviewed the literature regarding the adverse effects of dexamethasone administration on different organ systems as well as related disease pathogenesis in an attempt to clarify the potential harms that may arise in COVID-19 patients receiving dexamethasone treatment. Overall, taking the threat of COVID19 pandemic into account, we think it is necessary to apply dexamethasone as a pharmaceutical therapy in critical patients. However, its adverse side effects cannot be ignored. Our review will help medical professionals in the prognosis and follow-up of patients treated with dexamethasone. In addition, given that a considerable amount of uncertainty, confusion and even controversy still exist, further studies and more clinical trials are urgently needed to improve our understanding of the parameters and the effects of dexamethasone on patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, 133 Hehua Rd, Jining, 272067, China.
| | - Lanting Hao
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, 133 Hehua Rd, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Shiheng Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, 133 Hehua Rd, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Xinyuan Yang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, 133 Hehua Rd, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Wenhao Shi
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, 133 Hehua Rd, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, 133 Hehua Rd, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Tenger Wang
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, 133 Hehua Rd, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Huiran Chen
- Department of Physiology, Jining Medical University, 133 Hehua Rd, Jining, 272067, China
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11
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Joshi T, Kumar V, Kaznacheyeva EV, Jana NR. Withaferin A Induces Heat Shock Response and Ameliorates Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3992-4006. [PMID: 33904021 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of proteostasis network is one of the characteristic features of many age-related neurodegenerative disorders including autosomal dominantly inherited Huntington's disease (HD). In HD, N-terminal portion of mutant huntingtin protein containing expanded polyglutamine repeats accumulates as inclusion bodies and leads to progressive deterioration of various cellular functioning including proteostasis network. Here we report that Withaferin A (a small bioactive molecule derived from Indian medicinal plant, Withania somnifera) partially rescues defective proteostasis by activating heat shock response (HSR) and delays the disease progression in a HD mouse model. Exposure of Withaferin A activates HSF1 and induces the expression of HSP70 chaperones in an in vitro cell culture system and also suppresses mutant huntingtin aggregation in a cellular model of HD. Withaferin A treatment to HD mice considerably increased their lifespan as well as restored progressive motor behavioral deficits and declined body weight. Biochemical studies confirmed the activation of HSR and global decrease in mutant huntingtin aggregates load accompanied with improvement of striatal function in Withaferin A-treated HD mouse brain. Withaferin A-treated HD mice also exhibit significant decrease in inflammatory processes as evident from the decreased microglial activation. These results indicate immense potential of Withaferin A for the treatment of HD and related neurodegenerative disorders involving protein misfolding and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Joshi
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, 122 051, India
| | - Vipendra Kumar
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, 122 051, India
| | - Elena V Kaznacheyeva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nihar Ranjan Jana
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon, 122 051, India. .,School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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12
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Sinha P, Verma B, Ganesh S. Dexamethasone-induced activation of heat shock response ameliorates seizure susceptibility and neuroinflammation in mouse models of Lafora disease. Exp Neurol 2021; 340:113656. [PMID: 33639210 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock response (HSR) is a conserved cytoprotective pathway controlled by the master transcriptional regulator, the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), that activates the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs). HSPs, as chaperones, play essential roles in minimizing stress-induced damages and restoring proteostasis. Therefore, compromised HSR is thought to contribute to neurodegenerative disorders. Lafora disease (LD) is a fatal form of neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of abnormal glycogen as Lafora bodies in neurons and other tissues. The symptoms of LD include progressive myoclonus epilepsy, dementia, and cognitive deficits. LD is caused by the defects in the gene coding laforin phosphatase or the malin ubiquitin ligase. Laforin and malin are known to work upstream of HSF1 and are essential for the activation of HSR. Herein, we show that mice deficient for laforin or malin show reduced levels of HSF1 and their targets in their brain tissues, suggesting compromised HSR; this could contribute to the neuropathology in LD. Intriguingly, treatment of LD animals with dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid analogue, partially restored the levels of HSF1 and its targets. Dexamethasone treatment was also able to ameliorate the neuroinflammation and susceptibility to induced seizures in the LD animals. However, dexamethasone treatment did not show a significant effect on Lafora bodies or autophagy defects. Taken together, the present study establishes a role for HSR in seizure susceptibility and neuroinflammation and dexamethasone as a potential antiepileptic agent, suitable for further studies in LD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sinha
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Bhupender Verma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Subramaniam Ganesh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India.
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13
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Rai SN, Singh BK, Rathore AS, Zahra W, Keswani C, Birla H, Singh SS, Dilnashin H, Singh SP. Quality Control in Huntington's Disease: a Therapeutic Target. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:612-626. [PMID: 31297710 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal autosomal dominantly inherited brain disease caused by excessively expanded CAG repeats in gene which encodes huntingtin protein. These abnormally encoded huntingtin proteins and their truncated fragments result in disruption of cellular quality mechanism ultimately triggering neuronal death. Despite great efforts, a potential causative agent leading to genetic mutation in HTT, manifesting the neurons more prone to oxidative stress, cellular inflammation, energy depletion and apoptotic death, has not been established yet. Current scenario concentrates on symptomatic pathologies to improvise the disease progression and to better the survival. Most of the therapeutic developments have been converged to rescue the protein homeostasis. In HD, abnormal expansion of glutamine repeats in the protein huntingtin leads to toxic aggregation of huntingtin which in turn impairs the quality control mechanism of cells through damaging the machineries involved in removal of aggregated abnormal protein. Therapeutic approaches to improve the efficiency of aggregate clearance through quality control mechanisms involve protein folding machineries such as chaperones and protein degradation machineries such as proteasome and autophagy. Also, to reduce protein aggregation by enhancing proper folding, to degrade and eliminate the aggregates are suggested to negatively regulate the HD progression associated with the disruption of protein homeostasis. This review focuses on the collection of therapeutic strategies targeting enhancement of protein quality control activity to delay the HD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachchida Nand Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Centre, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Aaina Singh Rathore
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Walia Zahra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Chetan Keswani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Hareram Birla
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Saumitra Sen Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Hagera Dilnashin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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14
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Huguet G, Temel Y, Kádár E, Pol S, Casaca-Carreira J, Segura-Torres P, Jahanshahi A. Altered expression of dopaminergic cell fate regulating genes prior to manifestation of symptoms in a transgenic rat model of Huntington's disease. Brain Res 2019; 1712:101-108. [PMID: 30711400 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactivity of the dopaminergic pathway is thought to contribute to clinical symptoms in the early stages of Huntington's disease (HD). It is suggested to be result of a reduced dopaminergic inhibition by degeneration of medium spiny neurons in the striatum. Previously, we have shown that the number of dopaminergic cells is increased in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) of HD patients and transgenic HD (tgHD) rats during the manifestation phase of the disease; as well as in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) of tgHD rats. To address whether these changes are secondary to neurodegeneration or take place in the pre-manifest phase of the disease, we examined the expression of genes controlling neuronal cell fate and genes that define dopaminergic cell phenotype. In the SNc-VTA of tgHD rats, Msx1 was upregulated, which correlated with an altered expression of transcription factors Zbtb16 and Tcf12. Zbtb16 was upregulated in the DRN and it was the only gene that showed a correlated expression in the tgHD rats between SNc-VTA and DRN. Zbtb16 may be a candidate for regionally tuning its cell populations, resulting in the increase in dopaminergic cells observed in our previous studies. Here, we demonstrated an altered expression of genes related to dopaminergic cell fate regulation in the brainstem of 6 months-old tgHD rats. This suggests that changes in dopaminergic system in HD precede the manifestation of clinical symptoms, contradicting the theory that hyperdopaminergic status in HD is a consequence of neurodegeneration in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Huguet
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Elisabet Kádár
- Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Sylvana Pol
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Joao Casaca-Carreira
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Pilar Segura-Torres
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ali Jahanshahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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15
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Extracellular vesicles of follicular fluid from heat-stressed cows modify the gene expression of in vitro-matured oocytes. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 205:94-104. [PMID: 31060922 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of heat stress (HS) on cattle reproduction is deleterious with respect to ovarian follicular development and oocyte quality. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of follicular fluid extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from cows maintained in thermoneutral (TN) or HS conditions on in vitro oocyte maturation. Nonlactating cows were estrous synchronized. Immediately after ovulation day (D1), the cows were randomly assigned to TN or HS environments. Follicular fluid from all follicles from each treatment was pooled, and EVs were obtained. Pools of 20 cumulus oocyte-complexes (COCs), were allocated to the following treatments: Control (n = 4 COC pools): matured in base medium; TN (n = 4 COC pools): matured in base medium supplemented with TN EV suspension; and HS (n = 4 COC pools): matured in base medium that was supplemented with the HS EV suspension. All treatments were conducted at 38.5 °C for 24 h in a humid atmosphere with 5% CO2. After maturation, the COCs were evaluated for meiotic progression, DNA integrity and oocyte quality-related gene expression. When the experimental groups were compared with the control group, a treatment effect was not observed for meiotic progression and DNA integrity. In the cumulus cells of TN group, there was relatively lesser expression of the IGFBP4 gene. In the oocytes of the TN as compared with the HS group, the IGFBP2, BMP15, GDF9, CDCA8, HAS2, RPL15, STAT3 and PFKP genes were expressed to a lesser extent. The findings indicated that oocytes matured in the presence of EVs from the follicular fluid of cows collected when there were TN conditions, however, there was a lesser expression of genes related to oocyte quality.
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16
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Intihar TA, Martinez EA, Gomez-Pastor R. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Huntington's Disease; Interplay Between HSF1, p53 and PGC-1α Transcription Factors. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:103. [PMID: 30941017 PMCID: PMC6433789 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, causing the protein to misfold and aggregate. HD progression is characterized by motor impairment and cognitive decline associated with the preferential loss of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). The mechanisms that determine increased susceptibility of MSNs to mutant HTT (mHTT) are not fully understood, although there is abundant evidence demonstrating the importance of mHTT mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in MSNs death. Two main transcription factors, p53 and peroxisome proliferator co-activator PGC-1α, have been widely studied in HD for their roles in regulating mitochondrial function and apoptosis. The action of these two proteins seems to be interconnected. However, it is still open to discussion whether p53 and PGC-1α dependent responses directly influence each other or if they are connected via a third mechanism. Recently, the stress responsive transcription factor HSF1, known for its role in protein homeostasis, has been implicated in mitochondrial function and in the regulation of PGC-1α and p53 levels in different contexts. Based on previous reports and our own research, we discuss in this review the potential role of HSF1 in mediating mitochondrial dysfunction in HD and propose a unifying mechanism that integrates the responses mediated by p53 and PGC-1α in HD via HSF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Intihar
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Elisa A Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA, United States
| | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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17
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Denis HL, Lauruol F, Cicchetti F. Are immunotherapies for Huntington's disease a realistic option? Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:364-377. [PMID: 29487401 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that the pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative diseases includes dysregulation of the immune system, with some elements that precede disease onset. However, if these alterations are prominent, why have clinical trials targeting this system failed to translate into long-lasting meaningful benefits for patients? This review focuses on Huntington's disease, a genetic disorder marked by notable cerebral and peripheral inflammation. We summarize ongoing and completed clinical trials that have involved pharmacological approaches to inhibit various components of the immune system and their pre-clinical correlates. We then discuss new putative treatment strategies using more targeted immunotherapies such as vaccination and intrabodies and how these may offer new hope in the treatment of Huntington's disease as well as other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélèna L Denis
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.,Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Florian Lauruol
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.,Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada. .,Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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18
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Abstract
Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is required for proper cell function and thus must be
under tight maintenance in all circumstances. In crowded cell conditions, protein folding is sometimes
unfavorable, and this condition is worsened during stress situations. Cells cope with such stress
through the use of a Protein Quality Control system, which uses molecular chaperones and heat shock
proteins as its major players. This system aids with folding, avoiding misfolding and/or reversing aggregation.
A pivotal regulator of the response to heat stress is Heat Shock Factor, which is recruited to
the promoters of the chaperone genes, inducting their expression. This mini review aims to cover our
general knowledge on the structure and function of this factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Galdi Quel
- Institute of Chemistry and Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos H.I. Ramos
- Institute of Chemistry and Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
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19
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Normalizing glucocorticoid levels attenuates metabolic and neuropathological symptoms in the R6/2 mouse model of huntington's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 121:214-229. [PMID: 30292559 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal genetic neurological disorder caused by a mutation in the human Huntingtin (HTT) gene. This mutation confers a toxic gain of function of the encoded mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein, leading to widespread neuropathology including the formation of mHTT-positive inclusion bodies, gene dysregulation, reduced levels of adult dentate gyrus neurogenesis and neuron loss throughout many regions of the brain. Additionally, because HTT is ubiquitously expressed, several peripheral tissues are also affected. HD patients suffer from progressive motor, cognitive, psychiatric, and metabolic symptoms, including weight loss and skeletal muscle wasting. HD patients also show neuroendocrine changes including a robust, significant elevation in circulating levels of the glucocorticoid, cortisol. Previously, we confirmed that the R6/2 mouse model of HD exhibits elevated corticosterone (the rodent homolog of cortisol) levels and demonstrated that experimentally elevated corticosterone exacerbates R6/2 HD symptomology, resulting in severe and rapid weight loss and a shorter latency to death. Given that efficacious therapeutics are lacking for HD, here we investigated whether normalizing glucocorticoid levels could serve as a viable therapeutic approach for this disease. We tested the hypothesis that normalizing glucocorticoids to wild-type levels would ameliorate HD symptomology. Wild-type (WT) and transgenic R6/2 mice were allocated to three treatment groups: 1) adrenalectomy with normalized, WT-level corticosterone replacement (10 μg/ml), 2) adrenalectomy with high HD-level corticosterone replacement (35 μg/ml), or 3) sham surgery with no corticosterone replacement. Normalizing corticosterone to WT levels led to an improvement in metabolic rate in male R6/2 mice, as indicated by indirect calorimetry, including a reduction in oxygen consumption and normalization of respiratory exchange ratio values (p < .05 for both). Normalizing corticosterone also ameliorated brain atrophy in female R6/2 mice and skeletal muscle wasting in both male and female R6/2 mice (p < .05 for all). Female R6/2 mice given WT-level corticosterone replacement also showed a reduction in HD neuropathological markers, including a reduction in mHTT inclusion burden in the striatum, cortex, and hippocampus (p < .05 for all). This data illustrates that ameliorating glucocorticoid dysregulation leads to a significant improvement in HD symptomology in the R6/2 mouse model and suggests that cortisol-reducing therapeutics may be of value in improving HD patient quality of life.
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20
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Rosas-Arellano A, Estrada-Mondragón A, Piña R, Mantellero CA, Castro MA. The Tiny Drosophila Melanogaster for the Biggest Answers in Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2398. [PMID: 30110961 PMCID: PMC6121572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The average life expectancy for humans has increased over the last years. However, the quality of the later stages of life is low and is considered a public health issue of global importance. Late adulthood and the transition into the later stage of life occasionally leads to neurodegenerative diseases that selectively affect different types of neurons and brain regions, producing motor dysfunctions, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric disorders that are progressive, irreversible, without remission periods, and incurable. Huntington's disease (HD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder. In the 25 years since the mutation of the huntingtin (HTT) gene was identified as the molecule responsible for this neural disorder, a variety of animal models, including the fruit fly, have been used to study the disease. Here, we review recent research that used Drosophila as an experimental tool for improving knowledge about the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Rosas-Arellano
- Unidad de Imagenología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
| | - Argel Estrada-Mondragón
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Ricardo Piña
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile.
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile.
| | - Carola A Mantellero
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago 7500972, Chile.
| | - Maite A Castro
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
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21
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Kusko R, Dreymann J, Ross J, Cha Y, Escalante-Chong R, Garcia-Miralles M, Tan LJ, Burczynski ME, Zeskind B, Laifenfeld D, Pouladi M, Geva M, Grossman I, Hayden MR. Large-scale transcriptomic analysis reveals that pridopidine reverses aberrant gene expression and activates neuroprotective pathways in the YAC128 HD mouse. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:25. [PMID: 29783994 PMCID: PMC5963017 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Huntington Disease (HD) is an incurable autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder driven by an expansion repeat giving rise to the mutant huntingtin protein (mHtt), which is known to disrupt a multitude of transcriptional pathways. Pridopidine, a small molecule in development for treatment of HD, has been shown to improve motor symptoms in HD patients. In HD animal models, pridopidine exerts neuroprotective effects and improves behavioral and motor functions. Pridopidine binds primarily to the sigma-1 receptor, (IC50 ~ 100 nM), which mediates its neuroprotective properties, such as rescue of spine density and aberrant calcium signaling in HD neuronal cultures. Pridopidine enhances brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) secretion, which is blocked by putative sigma-1 receptor antagonist NE-100, and was shown to upregulate transcription of genes in the BDNF, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) pathways in the rat striatum. The impact of different doses of pridopidine on gene expression and transcript splicing in HD across relevant brain regions was explored, utilizing the YAC128 HD mouse model, which carries the entire human mHtt gene containing 128 CAG repeats. Methods RNAseq was analyzed from striatum, cortex, and hippocampus of wild-type and YAC128 mice treated with vehicle, 10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg pridopidine from the presymptomatic stage (1.5 months of age) until 11.5 months of age in which mice exhibit progressive disease phenotypes. Results The most pronounced transcriptional effect of pridopidine at both doses was observed in the striatum with minimal effects in other regions. In addition, for the first time pridopidine was found to have a dose-dependent impact on alternative exon and junction usage, a regulatory mechanism known to be impaired in HD. In the striatum of YAC128 HD mice, pridopidine treatment initiation prior to symptomatic manifestation rescues the impaired expression of the BDNF, GR, D1R and cAMP pathways. Conclusions Pridopidine has broad effects on restoring transcriptomic disturbances in the striatum, particularly involving synaptic transmission and activating neuroprotective pathways that are disturbed in HD. Benefits of treatment initiation at early disease stages track with trends observed in the clinic. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13024-018-0259-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Dreymann
- Research and Development, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Netanya, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Marta Garcia-Miralles
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Liang Juin Tan
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | | | - Ben Zeskind
- Immuneering Corporation, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Daphna Laifenfeld
- Research and Development, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Netanya, Israel
| | - Mahmoud Pouladi
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Michal Geva
- Research and Development, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Netanya, Israel
| | - Iris Grossman
- Research and Development, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Netanya, Israel
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Research and Development, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Netanya, Israel. .,Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore (A*STAR), Singapore, 138648, Singapore. .,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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22
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Nelson VK, Ali A, Dutta N, Ghosh S, Jana M, Ganguli A, Komarov A, Paul S, Dwivedi V, Chatterjee S, Jana NR, Lakhotia SC, Chakrabarti G, Misra AK, Mandal SC, Pal M. Azadiradione ameliorates polyglutamine expansion disease in Drosophila by potentiating DNA binding activity of heat shock factor 1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:78281-78296. [PMID: 27835876 PMCID: PMC5346638 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of proteins with the expansion of polyglutamine tracts in the brain underlies progressive genetic neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) like Huntington's disease and spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA). An insensitive cellular proteotoxic stress response to non-native protein oligomers is common in such conditions. Indeed, upregulation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) function and its target protein chaperone expression has shown promising results in animal models of NDs. Using an HSF1 sensitive cell based reporter screening, we have isolated azadiradione (AZD) from the methanolic extract of seeds of Azadirachta indica, a plant known for its multifarious medicinal properties. We show that AZD ameliorates toxicity due to protein aggregation in cell and fly models of polyglutamine expansion diseases to a great extent. All these effects are correlated with activation of HSF1 function and expression of its target protein chaperone genes. Notably, HSF1 activation by AZD is independent of cellular HSP90 or proteasome function. Furthermore, we show that AZD directly interacts with purified human HSF1 with high specificity, and facilitates binding of HSF1 to its recognition sequence with higher affinity. These unique findings qualify AZD as an ideal lead molecule for consideration for drug development against NDs that affect millions worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod K Nelson
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Laboratory, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Naibedya Dutta
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Suvranil Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Manas Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Ganguli
- Dr. B. C. Guha Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Andrei Komarov
- Cellecta Inc, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Soumyadip Paul
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Vibha Dwivedi
- Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Nihar R Jana
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Institute, Manesar, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Subhash C Lakhotia
- Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics Laboratory, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gopal Chakrabarti
- Dr. B. C. Guha Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anup K Misra
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhash C Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Laboratory, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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23
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Rai A, Singh PK, Singh V, Kumar V, Mishra R, Thakur AK, Mahadevan A, Shankar SK, Jana NR, Ganesh S. Glycogen synthase protects neurons from cytotoxicity of mutant huntingtin by enhancing the autophagy flux. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:201. [PMID: 29422655 PMCID: PMC5833817 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Healthy neurons do not store glycogen while they do possess the machinery for the glycogen synthesis albeit at an inactive state. Neurons in the degenerating brain, however, are known to accumulate glycogen, although its significance was not well understood. Emerging reports present contrasting views on neuronal glycogen synthesis; a few reports demonstrate a neurotoxic effect of glycogen while a few others suggest glycogen to be neuroprotective. Thus, the specific role of glycogen and glycogen synthase in neuronal physiology is largely unexplored. Using cellular and animal models of Huntington's disease, we show here that the overexpression of cytotoxic mutant huntingtin protein induces glycogen synthesis in the neurons by activating glycogen synthase and the overexpressed glycogen synthase protected neurons from the cytotoxicity of the mutant huntingtin. Exposure of neuronal cells to proteasomal blockade and oxidative stress also activate glycogen synthase to induce glycogen synthesis and to protect against stress-induced neuronal death. We show that the glycogen synthase plays an essential and inductive role in the neuronal autophagic flux, and helps in clearing the cytotoxic huntingtin aggregate. We also show that the increased neuronal glycogen inhibits the aggregation of mutant huntingtin, and thus could directly contribute to its clearance. Finally, we demonstrate that excessive autophagy flux is the molecular basis of cell death caused by the activation of glycogen synthase in unstressed neurons. Taken together, our results thus provide a novel function for glycogen synthase in proteolytic processes and offer insight into the role of glycogen synthase and glycogen in both survival and death of the neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Rai
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulare (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Virender Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | | | - Rohit Mishra
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Thakur
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bengaluru, 560029, India
| | - Susarla Krishna Shankar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Bengaluru, 560029, India
| | | | - Subramaniam Ganesh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India.
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Azadiradione Restores Protein Quality Control and Ameliorates the Disease Pathogenesis in a Mouse Model of Huntington’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6337-6346. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Goenka A, Parihar R, Ganesh S. Heat Shock-Induced Transcriptional and Translational Arrest in Mammalian Cells. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS AND STRESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90725-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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26
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Gomez-Pastor R, Burchfiel ET, Thiele DJ. Regulation of heat shock transcription factors and their roles in physiology and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 19:4-19. [PMID: 28852220 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 454] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) were discovered over 30 years ago as direct transcriptional activators of genes regulated by thermal stress, encoding heat shock proteins. The accepted paradigm posited that HSFs exclusively activate the expression of protein chaperones in response to conditions that cause protein misfolding by recognizing a simple promoter binding site referred to as a heat shock element. However, we now realize that the mammalian family of HSFs comprises proteins that independently or in concert drive combinatorial gene regulation events that activate or repress transcription in different contexts. Advances in our understanding of HSF structure, post-translational modifications and the breadth of HSF-regulated target genes have revealed exciting new mechanisms that modulate HSFs and shed new light on their roles in physiology and pathology. For example, the ability of HSF1 to protect cells from proteotoxicity and cell death is impaired in neurodegenerative diseases but can be exploited by cancer cells to support their growth, survival and metastasis. These new insights into HSF structure, function and regulation should facilitate the development tof new disease therapeutics to manipulate this transcription factor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine
| | | | - Dennis J Thiele
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine.,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Gomez-Pastor R, Burchfiel ET, Neef DW, Jaeger AM, Cabiscol E, McKinstry SU, Doss A, Aballay A, Lo DC, Akimov SS, Ross CA, Eroglu C, Thiele DJ. Abnormal degradation of the neuronal stress-protective transcription factor HSF1 in Huntington's disease. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14405. [PMID: 28194040 PMCID: PMC5316841 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's Disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by poly-glutamine expansion in the Htt protein, resulting in Htt misfolding and cell death. Expression of the cellular protein folding and pro-survival machinery by heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) ameliorates biochemical and neurobiological defects caused by protein misfolding. We report that HSF1 is degraded in cells and mice expressing mutant Htt, in medium spiny neurons derived from human HD iPSCs and in brain samples from patients with HD. Mutant Htt increases CK2α' kinase and Fbxw7 E3 ligase levels, phosphorylating HSF1 and promoting its proteasomal degradation. An HD mouse model heterozygous for CK2α' shows increased HSF1 and chaperone levels, maintenance of striatal excitatory synapses, clearance of Htt aggregates and preserves body mass compared with HD mice homozygous for CK2α'. These results reveal a pathway that could be modulated to prevent neuronal dysfunction and muscle wasting caused by protein misfolding in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Eileen T. Burchfiel
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Daniel W. Neef
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Alex M. Jaeger
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Elisa Cabiscol
- Departament de Ciencies Mediques Basiques, IRB Lleida, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida 25008, Spain
| | - Spencer U. McKinstry
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Argenia Doss
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Alejandro Aballay
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Donald C. Lo
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Sergey S. Akimov
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Christopher A. Ross
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Cagla Eroglu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Dennis J. Thiele
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Wright DJ, Renoir T, Gray LJ, Hannan AJ. Huntington’s Disease: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 15:93-128. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57193-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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29
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Simko V, Takacova M, Debreova M, Laposova K, Ondriskova-Panisova E, Pastorekova S, Csaderova L, Pastorek J. Dexamethasone downregulates expression of carbonic anhydrase IX via HIF-1α and NF-κB-dependent mechanisms. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1277-88. [PMID: 27431580 PMCID: PMC5021256 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid frequently used to suppress side-effects of anticancer chemotherapy. In the present study, we showed that dexamethasone treatment leads to concentration-dependent downregulation of cancer-associated marker, carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), at the level of promoter activity, mRNA and protein expression in 2D and 3D cancer cell models. The effect of dexamethasone on CA IX expression under hypoxic conditions is predominantly mediated by impaired transcriptional activity and decreased protein level of the main hypoxic transcription factor HIF-1α. In addition, CA9 downregulation can be caused by protein-protein interactions between activated glucocorticoid receptors, major effectors of glucocorticoid action, and transcription factors that trigger CA9 transcription (e.g. AP-1). Moreover, we identified a potential NF-κB binding site in the CA9 promoter and propose the involvement of NF-κB in the dexamethasone-mediated inhibition of CA9 transcription. As high level of CA IX is often linked to aggressive tumor behavior, poor prognosis and chemo- and radiotherapy resistance, uncovering its reduction after dexa-methasone treatment and implication of additional regulatory mechanisms can be relevant for the CA IX-related clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Simko
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Takacova
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Michaela Debreova
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Laposova
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Elena Ondriskova-Panisova
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Silvia Pastorekova
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Csaderova
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaromir Pastorek
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Chen HJ, Mitchell JC, Novoselov S, Miller J, Nishimura AL, Scotter EL, Vance CA, Cheetham ME, Shaw CE. The heat shock response plays an important role in TDP-43 clearance: evidence for dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2016; 139:1417-32. [PMID: 26936937 PMCID: PMC4845254 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Detergent-resistant, ubiquitinated and hyperphosphorylated Tar DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43, encoded by TARDBP) neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions are the pathological hallmark in ∼95% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and ∼60% of frontotemporal lobar degeneration cases. We sought to explore the role for the heat shock response in the clearance of insoluble TDP-43 in a cellular model of disease and to validate our findings in transgenic mice and human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis tissues. The heat shock response is a stress-responsive protective mechanism regulated by the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which increases the expression of chaperones that refold damaged misfolded proteins or facilitate their degradation. Here we show that manipulation of the heat shock response by expression of dominant active HSF1 results in a dramatic reduction of insoluble and hyperphosphorylated TDP-43 that enhances cell survival, whereas expression of dominant negative HSF1 leads to enhanced TDP-43 aggregation and hyperphosphorylation. To determine which chaperones were mediating TDP-43 clearance we over-expressed a range of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and identified DNAJB2a (encoded by DNAJB2, and also known as HSJ1a) as a potent anti-aggregation chaperone for TDP-43. DNAJB2a has a J domain, allowing it to interact with HSP70, and ubiquitin interacting motifs, which enable it to engage the degradation of its client proteins. Using functionally deleted DNAJB2a constructs we demonstrated that TDP-43 clearance was J domain-dependent and was not affected by ubiquitin interacting motif deletion or proteasome inhibition. This indicates that TDP-43 is maintained in a soluble state by DNAJB2a, leaving the total levels of TDP-43 unchanged. Additionally, we have demonstrated that the levels of HSF1 and heat shock proteins are significantly reduced in affected neuronal tissues from a TDP-43 transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This implies that the HSF1-mediated DNAJB2a/HSP70 heat shock response pathway is compromised in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Defective refolding of TDP-43 is predicted to aggravate the TDP-43 proteinopathy. The finding that the pathological accumulation of insoluble TDP-43 can be reduced by the activation of HSF1/HSP pathways presents an exciting opportunity for the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jou Chen
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline C Mitchell
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jack Miller
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Agnes L Nishimura
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emma L Scotter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caroline A Vance
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Christopher E Shaw
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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31
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Kong Y, Liang X, Liu L, Zhang D, Wan C, Gan Z, Yuan L. High Throughput Sequencing Identifies MicroRNAs Mediating α-Synuclein Toxicity by Targeting Neuroactive-Ligand Receptor Interaction Pathway in Early Stage of Drosophila Parkinson's Disease Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137432. [PMID: 26361355 PMCID: PMC4567341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder with pathological features including death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and intraneuronal accumulations of Lewy bodies. As the main component of Lewy bodies, α-synuclein is implicated in PD pathogenesis by aggregation into insoluble filaments. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying α-synuclein induced neurotoxicity in PD are still elusive. MicroRNAs are ~20nt small RNA molecules that fine-tune gene expression at posttranscriptional level. A plethora of miRNAs have been found to be dysregulated in the brain and blood cells of PD patients. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanisms and their in vivo functions in PD still need further investigation. By using Drosophila PD model expressing α-synuclein A30P, we examined brain miRNA expression with high-throughput small RNA sequencing technology. We found that five miRNAs (dme-miR-133-3p, dme-miR-137-3p, dme-miR-13b-3p, dme-miR-932-5p, dme-miR-1008-5p) were upregulated in PD flies. Among them, miR-13b, miR-133, miR-137 are brain enriched and highly conserved from Drosophila to humans. KEGG pathway analysis using DIANA miR-Path demonstrated that neuroactive-ligand receptor interaction pathway was most likely affected by these miRNAs. Interestingly, miR-137 was predicted to regulate most of the identified targets in this pathway, including dopamine receptor (DopR, D2R), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor (GABA-B-R1, GABA-B-R3) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (Nmdar2). The validation experiments showed that the expression of miR-137 and its targets was negatively correlated in PD flies. Further experiments using luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-137 could act on specific sites in 3’ UTR region of D2R, Nmdar2 and GABA-B-R3, which downregulated significantly in PD flies. Collectively, our findings indicate that α-synuclein could induce the dysregulation of miRNAs, which target neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway in vivo. We believe it will help us further understand the contribution of miRNAs to α-synuclein neurotoxicity and provide new insights into the pathogenesis driving PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
- * E-mail: (YK); (LY)
| | - Xijun Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Lin Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chao Wan
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhenji Gan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Liudi Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- * E-mail: (YK); (LY)
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32
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Varadarajan S, Breda C, Smalley JL, Butterworth M, Farrow SN, Giorgini F, Cohen GM. The transrepression arm of glucocorticoid receptor signaling is protective in mutant huntingtin-mediated neurodegeneration. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1388-96. [PMID: 25656655 PMCID: PMC4495362 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) occurs following the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and orchestrates an intricate balance between its prosurvival and apoptotic arms to restore cellular homeostasis and integrity. However, in certain neurodegenerative diseases, the apoptotic arm of the UPR is enhanced, resulting in excessive neuronal cell death and disease progression, both of which can be overcome by modulating the UPR. Here, we describe a novel crosstalk between glucocorticoid receptor signaling and the apoptotic arm of the UPR, thus highlighting the potential of glucocorticoid therapy in treating neurodegenerative diseases. Several glucocorticoids, but not mineralocorticoids, selectively antagonize ER stress-induced apoptosis in a manner that is downstream of and/or independent of the conventional UPR pathways. Using GRT10, a novel selective pharmacological modulator of glucocorticoid signaling, we describe the importance of the transrepression arm of the glucocorticoid signaling pathway in protection against ER stress-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we also observe the protective effects of glucocorticoids in vivo in a Drosophila model of Huntington's disease (HD), wherein treatment with different glucocorticoids diminished rhabdomere loss and conferred neuroprotection. Finally, we find that growth differentiation factor 15 has an important role downstream of glucocorticoid signaling in antagonizing ER stress-induced apoptosis in cells, as well as in preventing HD-mediated neurodegeneration in flies. Thus, our studies demonstrate that this novel crosstalk has the potential to be effectively exploited in alleviating several neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Varadarajan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C Breda
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - J L Smalley
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - M Butterworth
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - S N Farrow
- Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - F Giorgini
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - G M Cohen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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The E3 ligase ube3a is required for learning in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 462:71-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
Loss of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is a common feature of aging and disease that is characterized by the appearance of nonnative protein aggregates in various tissues. Protein aggregation is routinely suppressed by the proteostasis network (PN), a collection of macromolecular machines that operate in diverse ways to maintain proteome integrity across subcellular compartments and between tissues to ensure a healthy life span. Here, we review the composition, function, and organizational properties of the PN in the context of individual cells and entire organisms and discuss the mechanisms by which disruption of the PN, and related stress response pathways, contributes to the initiation and progression of disease. We explore emerging evidence that disease susceptibility arises from early changes in the composition and activity of the PN and propose that a more complete understanding of the temporal and spatial properties of the PN will enhance our ability to develop effective treatments for protein conformational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Labbadia
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208;
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35
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Du X, Pang TY. Is Dysregulation of the HPA-Axis a Core Pathophysiology Mediating Co-Morbid Depression in Neurodegenerative Diseases? Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:32. [PMID: 25806005 PMCID: PMC4353372 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of prodromal manifestation of neuropsychiatric symptoms in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). These affective symptoms may be observed many years before the core diagnostic symptoms of the neurological condition. It is becoming more apparent that depression is a significant modifying factor of the trajectory of disease progression and even treatment outcomes. It is therefore crucial that we understand the potential pathophysiologies related to the primary condition, which could contribute to the development of depression. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis is a key neuroendocrine signaling system involved in physiological homeostasis and stress response. Disturbances of this system lead to severe hormonal imbalances, and the majority of such patients also present with behavioral deficits and/or mood disorders. Dysregulation of the HPA-axis is also strongly implicated in the pathology of major depressive disorder. Consistent with this, antidepressant drugs, such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been shown to alter HPA-axis activity. In this review, we will summarize the current state of knowledge regarding HPA-axis pathology in Alzheimer's, PD and HD, differentiating between prodromal and later stages of disease progression when evidence is available. Both clinical and preclinical evidence will be examined, but we highlight animal model studies as being particularly useful for uncovering novel mechanisms of pathology related to co-morbid mood disorders. Finally, we purpose utilizing the preclinical evidence to better inform prospective, intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Mental Health Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Terence Y Pang
- Behavioural Neurosciences Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
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36
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N-Acetylcysteine improves mitochondrial function and ameliorates behavioral deficits in the R6/1 mouse model of Huntington's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e492. [PMID: 25562842 PMCID: PMC4312826 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, involving psychiatric, cognitive and motor symptoms, caused by a CAG-repeat expansion encoding an extended polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin protein. Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity have previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of HD. We hypothesized that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may reduce both excitotoxicity and oxidative stress through its actions on glutamate reuptake and antioxidant capacity. The R6/1 transgenic mouse model of HD was used to investigate the effects of NAC on HD pathology. It was found that chronic NAC administration delayed the onset and progression of motor deficits in R6/1 mice, while having an antidepressant-like effect on both R6/1 and wild-type mice. A deficit in the astrocytic glutamate transporter protein, GLT-1, was found in R6/1 mice. However, this deficit was not ameliorated by NAC, implying that the therapeutic effect of NAC is not due to rescue of the GLT-1 deficit and associated glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Assessment of mitochondrial function in the striatum and cortex revealed that R6/1 mice show reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity specific to the striatum. This deficit was rescued by chronic treatment with NAC. There was a selective increase in markers of oxidative damage in mitochondria, which was rescued by NAC. In conclusion, NAC is able to delay the onset of motor deficits in the R6/1 model of Huntington's disease and it may do so by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, NAC shows promise as a potential therapeutic agent in HD. Furthermore, our data suggest that NAC may also have broader antidepressant efficacy.
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