1
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Bergmans S, Noel NCL, Masin L, Harding EG, Krzywańska AM, De Schutter JD, Ayana R, Hu C, Arckens L, Ruzycki PA, MacDonald RB, Clark BS, Moons L. Age-related dysregulation of the retinal transcriptome in African turquoise killifish. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14192. [PMID: 38742929 PMCID: PMC11320354 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related vision loss caused by retinal neurodegenerative pathologies is becoming more prevalent in our ageing society. To understand the physiological and molecular impact of ageing on retinal homeostasis, we used the short-lived African turquoise killifish, a model known to naturally develop central nervous system (CNS) ageing hallmarks and vision loss. Bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) of three age groups (6-, 12-, and 18-week-old) identified transcriptional ageing fingerprints in the killifish retina, unveiling pathways also identified in the aged brain, including oxidative stress, gliosis, and inflammageing. These findings were comparable to observations in the ageing mouse retina. Additionally, transcriptional changes in genes related to retinal diseases, such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration, were observed. The cellular heterogeneity in the killifish retina was characterized, confirming the presence of all typical vertebrate retinal cell types. Data integration from age-matched samples between the bulk and scRNAseq experiments revealed a loss of cellular specificity in gene expression upon ageing, suggesting potential disruption in transcriptional homeostasis. Differential expression analysis within the identified cell types highlighted the role of glial/immune cells as important stress regulators during ageing. Our work emphasizes the value of the fast-ageing killifish in elucidating molecular signatures in age-associated retinal disease and vision decline. This study contributes to the understanding of how age-related changes in molecular pathways may impact CNS health, providing insights that may inform future therapeutic strategies for age-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Bergmans
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, Neural Circuit Development & Regeneration Research GroupKU Leuven, Leuven Brain InstituteLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Luca Masin
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, Neural Circuit Development & Regeneration Research GroupKU Leuven, Leuven Brain InstituteLeuvenBelgium
| | - Ellen G. Harding
- John F Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Julie D. De Schutter
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, Neural Circuit Development & Regeneration Research GroupKU Leuven, Leuven Brain InstituteLeuvenBelgium
| | - Rajagopal Ayana
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and NeuroproteomicsKU Leuven, Leuven Brain InstituteLeuvenBelgium
| | - Chi‐Kuo Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyStony Brook UniversityStony BrookUSA
| | - Lut Arckens
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and NeuroproteomicsKU Leuven, Leuven Brain InstituteLeuvenBelgium
| | - Philip A. Ruzycki
- John F Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of GeneticsWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Brian S. Clark
- John F Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Developmental BiologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
- Center of Regenerative MedicineCenter of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Lieve Moons
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Division, Neural Circuit Development & Regeneration Research GroupKU Leuven, Leuven Brain InstituteLeuvenBelgium
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2
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Gao F, Tom E, Rydz C, Cho W, Kolesnikov AV, Sha Y, Papadam A, Jafari S, Joseph A, Ahanchi A, Saraei NBS, Lyon D, Foik A, Nie Q, Grassmann F, Kefalov VJ, Skowronska-Krawczyk D. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid - mediated Cellular Rejuvenation for Reversing Age-related Vision Decline. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.01.601592. [PMID: 39005302 PMCID: PMC11244954 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.01.601592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The retina is uniquely enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are primarily localized in cell membranes, where they govern membrane biophysical properties such as diffusion, permeability, domain formation, and curvature generation. During aging, alterations in lipid metabolism lead to reduced content of very long-chain PUFAs (VLC-PUFAs) in the retina, and this decline is associated with normal age-related visual decline and pathological age-related macular degeneration (AMD). ELOVL2 (Elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids-like 2) encodes a transmembrane protein that produces precursors to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and VLC-PUFAs, and methylation level of its promoter is currently the best predictor of chronological age. Here, we show that mice lacking ELOVL2-specific enzymatic activity (Elovl2 C234W ) have impaired contrast sensitivity and slower rod response recovery following bright light exposure. Intravitreal supplementation with the direct product of ELOVL2, 24:5n-3, in aged animals significantly improved visual function and reduced accumulation of ApoE, HTRA1 and complement proteins in sub-RPE deposits. At the molecular level, the gene expression pattern observed in retinas supplemented with 24:5n-3 exhibited a partial rejuvenation profile, including decreased expression of aging-related genes and a transcriptomic signature of younger retina. Finally, we present the first human genetic data showing significant association of several variants in the human ELOVL2 locus with the onset of intermediate AMD, underlying the translational significance of our findings. In sum, our study identifies novel therapeutic opportunities and defines ELOVL2 as a promising target for interventions aimed at preventing age-related vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Gao
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute - Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Emily Tom
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, CA
| | - Cezary Rydz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, CA
| | - William Cho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, CA
| | - Alexander V. Kolesnikov
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute - Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Yutong Sha
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, CA
| | | | - Samantha Jafari
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute - Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Andrew Joseph
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute - Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ava Ahanchi
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute - Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Nika Balalaei Someh Saraei
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute - Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - David Lyon
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, CA
| | - Andrzej Foik
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, CA
| | - Felix Grassmann
- Institute for Clinical Research and System Medicine, Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Vladimir J. Kefalov
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute - Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, CA
| | - Dorota Skowronska-Krawczyk
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute - Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, CA
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3
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Song S, Li X, Xue X, Dong W, Li C. Progress in the Study of the Role and Mechanism of HTRA1 in Diseases Related to Vascular Abnormalities. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:1479-1491. [PMID: 38650587 PMCID: PMC11034561 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s456912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
High temperature requirement A1 (HTRA1) is a member of the serine protease family, comprising four structural domains: IGFBP domain, Kazal domain, protease domain and PDZ domain. HTRA1 encodes a serine protease, a secreted protein that is widely expressed in the vasculature. HTRA1 regulates a wide range of physiological processes through its proteolytic activity, and is also involved in a variety of vascular abnormalities-related diseases. This article reviews the role of HTRA1 in the development of vascular abnormalities-related hereditary cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), tumors and other diseases. Through relevant research advances to understand the role of HTRA1 in regulating signaling pathways or refolding, translocation, degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, thus directly or indirectly regulating angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and playing an important role in vascular homeostasis, further understanding the mechanism of HTRA1's role in vascular abnormality-related diseases is important for HTRA1 to be used as a therapeutic target in related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shina Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuting Xue
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenping Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of TISCO, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changxin Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Schrader JM, Xu F, Agostinucci KJ, DaSilva NA, Van Nostrand WE. Longitudinal markers of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and related inflammation in rTg-DI rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8441. [PMID: 38600214 PMCID: PMC11006668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a prevalent vascular dementia and common comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While it is known that vascular fibrillar amyloid β (Aβ) deposits leads to vascular deterioration and can drive parenchymal CAA related inflammation (CAA-ri), underlying mechanisms of CAA pathology remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted brain regional proteomic analysis of early and late disease stages in the rTg-DI CAA rat model to gain molecular insight to mechanisms of CAA/CAA-ri progression and identify potential brain protein markers of CAA/CAA-ri. Longitudinal brain regional proteomic analysis revealed increased differentially expressed proteins (DEP) including ANXA3, HTRA1, APOE, CST3, and CLU, shared between the cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus, at both stages of disease in rTg-DI rats. Subsequent pathway analysis indicated pathway enrichment and predicted activation of TGF-β1, which was confirmed by immunolabeling and ELISA. Further, we identified numerous CAA related DEPs associate with astrocytes (HSPB1 and MLC1) and microglia (ANXA3, SPARC, TGF-β1) not previously associated with astrocytes or microglia in other AD models, possibly indicating that they are specific to CAA-ri. Thus, the data presented here identify several potential brain protein biomarkers of CAA/CAA-ri while providing novel molecular and mechanistic insight to mechanisms of CAA and CAA-ri pathological progression and glial cell mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Schrader
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA
| | - Kevin J Agostinucci
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA
| | - Nicholas A DaSilva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA.
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5
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Bergmans S, Noel NCL, Masin L, Harding EG, Krzywańska AM, De Schutter JD, Ayana R, Hu CK, Arckens L, Ruzycki PA, MacDonald RB, Clark BS, Moons L. Age-related dysregulation of the retinal transcriptome in African turquoise killifish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.21.581372. [PMID: 38559206 PMCID: PMC10979842 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.21.581372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Age-related vision loss caused by retinal neurodegenerative pathologies is becoming more prevalent in our ageing society. To understand the physiological and molecular impact of ageing on retinal homeostasis, we used the short-lived African turquoise killifish, a model known to naturally develop central nervous system (CNS) ageing hallmarks and vision loss. Bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of three age groups (6-, 12-, and 18-week-old) identified transcriptional ageing fingerprints in the killifish retina, unveiling pathways also identified in the aged brain, including oxidative stress, gliosis, and inflammageing. These findings were comparable to observations in ageing mouse retina. Additionally, transcriptional changes in genes related to retinal diseases, such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration, were observed. The cellular heterogeneity in the killifish retina was characterised, confirming the presence of all typical vertebrate retinal cell types. Data integration from age-matched samples between the bulk and scRNA-seq experiments revealed a loss of cellular specificity in gene expression upon ageing, suggesting potential disruption in transcriptional homeostasis. Differential expression analysis within the identified cell types highlighted the role of glial/immune cells as important stress regulators during ageing. Our work emphasises the value of the fast-ageing killifish in elucidating molecular signatures in age-associated retinal disease and vision decline. This study contributes to the understanding of how age-related changes in molecular pathways may impact CNS health, providing insights that may inform future therapeutic strategies for age-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Bergmans
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology division, Neural circuit development & regeneration research group, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicole C L Noel
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK, EC1V 9EL
| | - Luca Masin
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology division, Neural circuit development & regeneration research group, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen G Harding
- Washington University School of Medicine, John F Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110 United States of America
| | | | - Julie D De Schutter
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology division, Neural circuit development & regeneration research group, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rajagopal Ayana
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology section, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chi-Kuo Hu
- Stony Brook University, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 11790 Stony Brook, United States of America
| | - Lut Arckens
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology section, Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip A Ruzycki
- Washington University School of Medicine, John F Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110 United States of America
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110 United States of America
| | - Ryan B MacDonald
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK, EC1V 9EL
| | - Brian S Clark
- Washington University School of Medicine, John F Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110 United States of America
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110 United States of America
- Washington University School of Medicine, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110 United States of America
| | - Lieve Moons
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology division, Neural circuit development & regeneration research group, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Zhao W, Wu Y, Wang S, Zhao F, Liu W, Xue Z, Zhang L, Wang J, Han M, Li X, Huang B. HTRA1 promotes EMT through the HDAC6/Ac-α-tubulin pathway in human GBM cells. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14605. [PMID: 38334007 PMCID: PMC10853898 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The infiltrative nature of human gliomas renders complete surgical removal of tumors futile. Thus, illuminating mechanisms of their infiltrative properties may improve therapies and outcomes of glioma patients. METHODS Comprehensive bioinformatic analyses of PRSS family were undertaken. Transfection of HTRA1 siRNAs was used to suppress HTRA1 expression. CCK-8, EdU, and colony formation assay were employed to assess cell viability, and cell migration/invasion was detected by transwell, wound healing, and 3D tumor spheroid invasion assays. Immunoprecipitation was applied to study the mechanism that HTRA1 affected cell migration. In addition, in situ xenograft tumor model was employed to explore the role of HTRA1 in glioma growth in vivo. RESULTS HTRA1 knockdown could lead to suppression of cell viability, migration and invasion, as well as increased apoptosis. Immunoprecipitation results indicates HTRA1 might facilitate combination between HDAC6 and α-tubulin to enhance cell migration by decreasing α-tubulin acetylation. Besides, HTRA1 knockdown inhibited the growth of xenografts derived from orthotopic implantation of GBM cells and prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that HTRA1 promotes the proliferation and migration of GBM cells in vitro and in vivo, and thus may be a potential target for treatment in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Qilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingJinanChina
| | - Yibo Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Qilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Shuai Wang
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Feihu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Qilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Qilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Zhiyi Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Qilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Qilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Mingzhi Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Qilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingJinanChina
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Qilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingJinanChina
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired Science, Qilu HospitalShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory and Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function RemodelingJinanChina
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7
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Pan Y, Fu Y, Baird PN, Guymer RH, Das T, Iwata T. Exploring the contribution of ARMS2 and HTRA1 genetic risk factors in age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 97:101159. [PMID: 36581531 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe irreversible central vision loss in individuals over 65 years old. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have shown that the region at chromosome 10q26, where the age-related maculopathy susceptibility (ARMS2/LOC387715) and HtrA serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) genes are located, represents one of the strongest associated loci for AMD. However, the underlying biological mechanism of this genetic association has remained elusive. In this article, we extensively review the literature by us and others regarding the ARMS2/HTRA1 risk alleles and their functional significance. We also review the literature regarding the presumed function of the ARMS2 protein and the molecular processes of the HTRA1 protein in AMD pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo, including those of transgenic mice overexpressing HtrA1/HTRA1 which developed Bruch's membrane (BM) damage, choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), similar to human AMD patients. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of the ARMS2 and HTRA1 susceptibility loci has begun to untangle the complex biological pathways underlying AMD pathophysiology, pointing to new testable paradigms for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Pan
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1, Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan
| | - Yingbin Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NC506, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Paul N Baird
- Department of Surgery, (Ophthalmology), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robyn H Guymer
- Department of Surgery, (Ophthalmology), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002, Australia
| | - Taraprasad Das
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute-Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India
| | - Takeshi Iwata
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1, Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan.
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8
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Orozco LD, Owen LA, Hofmann J, Stockwell AD, Tao J, Haller S, Mukundan VT, Clarke C, Lund J, Sridhar A, Mayba O, Barr JL, Zavala RA, Graves EC, Zhang C, Husami N, Finley R, Au E, Lillvis JH, Farkas MH, Shakoor A, Sherva R, Kim IK, Kaminker JS, Townsend MJ, Farrer LA, Yaspan BL, Chen HH, DeAngelis MM. A systems biology approach uncovers novel disease mechanisms in age-related macular degeneration. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100302. [PMID: 37388919 PMCID: PMC10300496 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness, affecting 200 million people worldwide. To identify genes that could be targeted for treatment, we created a molecular atlas at different stages of AMD. Our resource is comprised of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and DNA methylation microarrays from bulk macular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid of clinically phenotyped normal and AMD donor eyes (n = 85), single-nucleus RNA-seq (164,399 cells), and single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC)-seq (125,822 cells) from the retina, RPE, and choroid of 6 AMD and 7 control donors. We identified 23 genome-wide significant loci differentially methylated in AMD, over 1,000 differentially expressed genes across different disease stages, and an AMD Müller state distinct from normal or gliosis. Chromatin accessibility peaks in genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci revealed putative causal genes for AMD, including HTRA1 and C6orf223. Our systems biology approach uncovered molecular mechanisms underlying AMD, including regulators of WNT signaling, FRZB and TLE2, as mechanistic players in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz D. Orozco
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Leah A. Owen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hofmann
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Amy D. Stockwell
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jianhua Tao
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Susan Haller
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Vineeth T. Mukundan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Christine Clarke
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jessica Lund
- Departments of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Akshayalakshmi Sridhar
- Department of Human Pathobiology & OMNI Reverse Translation, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Oleg Mayba
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Julie L. Barr
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Rylee A. Zavala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Elijah C. Graves
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Charles Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Nadine Husami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Robert Finley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Elizabeth Au
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - John H. Lillvis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14212, USA
| | - Michael H. Farkas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14212, USA
| | - Akbar Shakoor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Richard Sherva
- Department of Medicine, Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ivana K. Kim
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Joshua S. Kaminker
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Michael J. Townsend
- Department of Human Pathobiology & OMNI Reverse Translation, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine, Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Brian L. Yaspan
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hsu-Hsin Chen
- Department of Human Pathobiology & OMNI Reverse Translation, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Margaret M. DeAngelis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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9
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Fu X, Feng S, Qin H, Yan L, Zheng C, Yao K. Microglia: The breakthrough to treat neovascularization and repair blood-retinal barrier in retinopathy. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1100254. [PMID: 36756614 PMCID: PMC9899825 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the primary resident retinal macrophages that monitor neuronal activity in real-time and facilitate angiogenesis during retinal development. In certain retinal diseases, the activated microglia promote retinal angiogenesis in hypoxia stress through neurovascular coupling and guide neovascularization to avascular areas (e.g., the outer nuclear layer and macula lutea). Furthermore, continuously activated microglia secrete inflammatory factors and expedite the loss of the blood-retinal barrier which causes irreversible damage to the secondary death of neurons. In this review, we support microglia can be a potential cellular therapeutic target in retinopathy. We briefly describe the relevance of microglia to the retinal vasculature and blood-retinal barrier. Then we discuss the signaling pathway related to how microglia move to their destinations and regulate vascular regeneration. We summarize the properties of microglia in different retinal disease models and propose that reducing the number of pro-inflammatory microglial death and conversing microglial phenotypes from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory are feasible for treating retinal neovascularization and the damaged blood-retinal barrier (BRB). Finally, we suppose that the unique properties of microglia may aid in the vascularization of retinal organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Fu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuyu Feng
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Qin
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Caiyan Zheng
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Kai Yao,
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10
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Huang G, Li H, Lai S, Xiao J, Wang L, Xu H, Lei C, Zhang J, Yu M, Shuai P, Liu Y, Shi Y, Wang K, Gong B. HTRA1 rs11528744, BCRA1 rs9928736, and B3GLCT rs4381465 are associated with age-related macular degeneration in a Chinese population. Front Genet 2022; 13:997840. [PMID: 36263425 PMCID: PMC9574478 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.997840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss. A Previous study based on the co-localization analysis of the genome-wide association study (GWAS) and eQTL genetic signals have reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs760975, rs11528744, rs3761159, rs7212510, rs6965458, rs7559693, rs56108400, rs28495773, rs9928736, rs11777697, rs4381465 are associated with AMD in Americans. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of these SNPs in a Han Chinese population.Methods: There were 576 patients with wet AMD and 572 healthy controls collected in this study. All SNPs were genotyped by flight mass spectrum. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was applied to evaluate allele distributions for both AMD and control groups. The genotype and allele frequencies were evaluated using the χ2 tests. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for the risk of genotype and allele.Results: Three of the 11 SNPs (rs11528744 in HTRA1, rs9928736 in BCRA1 and rs4381465 in B3GLCT) were found to be significantly associated with AMD in the allelic model (corrected p = 0.001, OR = 1.391, 95%CI = 1.179–1.640 for rs11528744; corrected p = 0.004, OR = 0.695, 95%CI = 0.544–0.888 for rs9928736; corrected p = 0.002, OR = 0.614, 95%CI = 0.448–0.841 for rs4381465). There were no differences for the remaining eight SNPs between AMD cases and healthy controls.Conclusion: Our results showed that HTRA1 rs11528744, BCRA1 rs9928736, and B3GLCT rs4381465 were associated with wet AMD, suggesting that HTRA1, BCRA1, and B3GLCT genes may be involved in the development of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Huang
- Human Disease Genes Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Li
- Human Disease Genes Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Lai
- Human Disease Genes Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jialing Xiao
- Human Disease Genes Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Human Disease Genes Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huijuan Xu
- Human Disease Genes Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuntao Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinglan Zhang
- Human Disease Genes Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Man Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Shuai
- Human Disease Genes Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Human Disease Genes Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Human Disease Genes Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaijie Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Gong, ; Kaijie Wang,
| | - Bo Gong
- Human Disease Genes Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Gong, ; Kaijie Wang,
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11
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Wang Z, Zou M, Chen A, Liu Z, Young CA, Wang S, Zheng D, Jin G. Genetic associations of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy response in age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e669-e680. [PMID: 34403208 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association of all reported common polymorphisms in anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy response and to identify potential clinically useful biomarkers for anti-VEGF therapy response in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS We searched the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science databases in English and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang and VIP databases in Chinese for pharmacogenetics studies on anti-VEGF therapy response in AMD. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the random effects model. RESULTS Among the 10 468 records yielded by the literature search, 33 articles that met the eligibility criteria were included in the meta-analysis. Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in four genes were observed to be associated with the anti-VEGF therapy response in AMD patients. That is, rs1120063 in the HTRA1 gene; rs10490924 in the age-related maculopathy susceptibility (ARMS2) gene; rs1061170 in the complement factor H (CFH) gene; and rs323085 in the OR52B4 gene were associated with good anti-VEGF therapy responses, while rs800292, rs1410996 and rs1329428 in the CFH gene and rs4910623 and rs10158937 in the OR52B4 gene were associated with poor anti-VEGF therapy response in the AMD patients in our sample. CONCLUSION In this study, nine SNPs of four genes were indicated to be significantly associated with the anti-VEGF therapy response in the samples: rs11200638 in the HTRA1 gene; rs10490924 in the ARMS2 gene; rs1061170, rs800292, rs1410996 and rs1329428 in the CFH gene; and rs323085, rs4910623 and rs10158937 in the OR52B4 gene. Further studies based on various ethnicities and large sample sizes are warranted to strengthen the evidence found in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Minjie Zou
- Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Aiming Chen
- Department of Pharmacy The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Zhuhai China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Charlotte Aimee Young
- Nanchang Eye Hospital Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Shi‐bin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Mental Health Center Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Danying Zheng
- Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Guangming Jin
- Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
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12
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Interplay between HTRA1 and classical signalling pathways in organogenesis and diseases. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1919-1927. [PMID: 35531175 PMCID: PMC9072889 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high temperature requirement factor A1 (HTRA1) is a serine protease which modulates an array of signalling pathways driving basal biological processes. HTRA1 plays a significant role in cell proliferation, migration and fate determination, in addition to controlling protein aggregates through refolding, translocation or degradation. The mutation of HTRA1 has been implicated in a plethora of disorders and this has also led to its growing interest as drug therapy target. This review details the involvement of HTRA1 in certain signalling pathways, namely the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), canonical Wingless/Integrated (WNT) and NOTCH signalling pathways during organogenesis and various disease pathogenesis such as preeclampsia, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), small vessel disease and cancer. We have also explored possible avenues of exploiting the serine proteases for therapeutic management of these disorders.
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13
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Schrader JM, Xu F, Lee H, Barlock B, Benveniste H, Van Nostrand WE. Emergent White Matter Degeneration in the rTg-DI Rat Model of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Exhibits Unique Proteomic Changes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:426-440. [PMID: 34896071 PMCID: PMC8895424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), characterized by cerebral vascular amyloid accumulation, neuroinflammation, microbleeds, and white matter (WM) degeneration, is a common comorbidity in Alzheimer disease and a prominent contributor to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. WM loss was recently reported in the corpus callosum (CC) in the rTg-DI rat model of CAA. The current study shows that the CC exhibits a much lower CAA burden compared with the adjacent cortex. Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Mass Spectra tandem mass spectrometry was used to show specific proteomic changes in the CC with emerging WM loss and compare them with the proteome of adjacent cortical tissue in rTg-DI rats. In the CC, annexin A3, heat shock protein β1, and cystatin C were elevated at 4 months (M) before WM loss and at 12M with evident WM loss. Although annexin A3 and cystatin C were also enhanced in the cortex at 12M, annexin A5 and the leukodystrophy-associated astrocyte proteins megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1 and GlialCAM were distinctly elevated in the CC. Pathway analysis indicated neurodegeneration of axons, reflected by reduced expression of myelin and neurofilament proteins, was common to the CC and cortex; activation of Tgf-β1 and F2/thrombin was restricted to the CC. This study provides new insights into the proteomic changes that accompany WM loss in the CC of rTg-DI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Schrader
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Feng Xu
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Hedok Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Benjamin Barlock
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Helene Benveniste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island.
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14
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Lecordier S, Manrique-Castano D, El Moghrabi Y, ElAli A. Neurovascular Alterations in Vascular Dementia: Emphasis on Risk Factors. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:727590. [PMID: 34566627 PMCID: PMC8461067 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.727590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) constitutes the second most prevalent cause of dementia in the world after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). VaD regroups heterogeneous neurological conditions in which the decline of cognitive functions, including executive functions, is associated with structural and functional alterations in the cerebral vasculature. Among these cerebrovascular disorders, major stroke, and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) constitute the major risk factors for VaD. These conditions alter neurovascular functions leading to blood-brain barrier (BBB) deregulation, neurovascular coupling dysfunction, and inflammation. Accumulation of neurovascular impairments over time underlies the cognitive function decline associated with VaD. Furthermore, several vascular risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes have been shown to exacerbate neurovascular impairments and thus increase VaD prevalence. Importantly, air pollution constitutes an underestimated risk factor that triggers vascular dysfunction via inflammation and oxidative stress. The review summarizes the current knowledge related to the pathological mechanisms linking neurovascular impairments associated with stroke, cSVD, and vascular risk factors with a particular emphasis on air pollution, to VaD etiology and progression. Furthermore, the review discusses the major challenges to fully elucidate the pathobiology of VaD, as well as research directions to outline new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lecordier
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Manrique-Castano
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Yara El Moghrabi
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
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15
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May A, Su F, Dinh B, Ehlen R, Tran C, Adivikolanu H, Shaw PX. Ongoing controversies and recent insights of the ARMS2-HTRA1 locus in age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2021; 210:108605. [PMID: 33930395 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of central vision loss among elderly populations in industrialized countries. Genome-wide association studies have consistently associated two genomic loci with progression to late-stage AMD: the complement factor H (CFH) locus on chromosome 1q31 and the age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2-HtrA serine peptidase 1 (ARMS2-HTRA1) locus on chromosome 10q26. While the CFH risk variant has been shown to alter complement activity, the ARMS2-HTRA1 risk haplotype remains enigmatic due to high linkage disequilibrium and inconsistent functional findings spanning two genes that are plausibly causative for AMD risk. In this review, we detail the genetic and functional evidence used to support either ARMS2 or HTRA1 as the causal gene for AMD risk, emphasizing both the historical development and the current understanding of the ARMS2-HTRA1 locus in AMD pathogenesis. We conclude by summarizing the evidence in favor of HTRA1 and present our hypothesis whereby HTRA1-derived ECM fragments mediate AMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam May
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Fei Su
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Brian Dinh
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Rachael Ehlen
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Christina Tran
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Harini Adivikolanu
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
| | - Peter X Shaw
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9415 Campus Point Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA; Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0990, USA.
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16
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Pomorski A, Krężel A. Biarsenical fluorescent probes for multifunctional site-specific modification of proteins applicable in life sciences: an overview and future outlook. Metallomics 2021; 12:1179-1207. [PMID: 32658234 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00093k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent modification of proteins of interest (POI) in living cells is desired to study their behaviour and functions in their natural environment. In a perfect setting it should be easy to perform, inexpensive, efficient and site-selective. Although multiple chemical and biological methods have been developed, only a few of them are applicable for cellular studies thanks to their appropriate physical, chemical and biological characteristics. One such successful system is a tetracysteine tag/motif and its selective biarsenical binders (e.g. FlAsH and ReAsH). Since its discovery in 1998 by Tsien and co-workers, this method has been enhanced and revolutionized in terms of its efficiency, formed complex stability and breadth of application. Here, we overview the whole field of knowledge, while placing most emphasis on recent reports. We showcase the improvements of classical biarsenical probes with various optical properties as well as multifunctional molecules that add new characteristics to proteins. We also present the evolution of affinity tags and motifs of biarsenical probes demonstrating much more possibilities in cellular applications. We summarize protocols and reported observations so both beginners and advanced users of biarsenical probes can troubleshoot their experiments. We address the concerns regarding the safety of biarsenical probe application. We showcase examples in virology, studies on receptors or amyloid aggregation, where application of biarsenical probes allowed observations that previously were not possible. We provide a summary of current applications ranging from bioanalytical sciences to allosteric control of selected proteins. Finally, we present an outlook to encourage more researchers to use these magnificent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pomorski
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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17
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Sun G, Chen J, Ding Y, Wren JD, Xu F, Lu L, Wang Y, Wang DW, Zhang XA. A Bioinformatics Perspective on the Links Between Tetraspanin-Enriched Microdomains and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:630471. [PMID: 33860000 PMCID: PMC8042132 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.630471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tetraspanins and integrins are integral membrane proteins. Tetraspanins interact with integrins to modulate the dynamics of adhesion, migration, proliferation, and signaling in the form of membrane domains called tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). TEMs also contain other cell adhesion proteins like immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) proteins and claudins. Cardiovascular functions of these TEM proteins have emerged and remain to be further revealed. Objectives: The aims of this study are to explore the roles of these TEM proteins in the cardiovascular system using bioinformatics tools and databases and to highlight the TEM proteins that may functionally associate with cardiovascular physiology and pathology. Methods: For human samples, three databases-GTEx, NCBI-dbGaP, and NCBI-GEO-were used for the analyses. The dbGaP database was used for GWAS analysis to determine the association between target genes and human phenotypes. GEO is an NCBI public repository that archives genomics data. GTEx was used for the analyses of tissue-specific mRNA expression levels and eQTL. For murine samples, GeneNetwork was used to find gene-phenotype correlations and gene-gene correlations of expression levels in mice. The analysis of cardiovascular data was the focus of this study. Results: Some integrins and tetraspanins, such as ITGA8 and Cd151, are highly expressed in the human cardiovascular system. TEM components are associated with multiple cardiovascular pathophysiological events in humans. GWAS and GEO analyses showed that human Cd82 and ITGA9 are associated with blood pressure. Data from mice also suggest that various cardiovascular phenotypes are correlated with integrins and tetraspanins. For instance, Cd82 and ITGA9, again, have correlations with blood pressure in mice. Conclusion: ITGA9 is related to blood pressure in both species. KEGG analysis also linked ITGA9 to metabolism and MAPK signaling pathway. This work provides an example of using integrated bioinformatics approaches across different species to identify the connections of structurally and/or functionally related molecules to certain categories of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Sun
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Junxiong Chen
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Yingjun Ding
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Wren
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Fuyi Xu
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Lu Lu
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao-wen Wang
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin A. Zhang
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Yang R, Liu S, Liang X, Yin N, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Faiola F. TBBPA, TBBPS, and TCBPA disrupt hESC hepatic differentiation and promote the proliferation of differentiated cells partly via up-regulation of the FGF10 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123341. [PMID: 32653787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), including Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), Tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS), and Tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA), are widely applied in the manufacturing industry to improve fire safety and can be detected in pregnant women's serum at nanomolar levels. Thus, it is necessary to pay attention to the three HFR potential development toxicity, which has not been conclusively addressed yet. The liver is the main organ that detoxifies our body; TBBPA exposure may lead to increased liver weight in rodents. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the developmental hepatic toxicity of the three HFRs with a human embryonic stem cell hepatic differentiation-based system and transcriptomics analyses. We mostly evaluated lineage fate alterations and demonstrated the three HFRs may have common disruptive effects on hepatic differentiation, with TCBPA being significantly more potent. More specifically, the three HFRs up-regulated genes related to cell cycle and FGF10 signaling, at late stages of the hepatic differentiation. This indicates the three chemicals promoted hepatoblast proliferation likely via up-regulating the FGF10 cascade. At the same time, we also presented a powerful way to combine in vitro differentiation and in silico transcriptomic analyses, to efficiently evaluate hazardous materials' adverse effects on lineage fate decisions during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Xiaoxing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Beyond AREDS Formulations, What Is Next for Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration (iAMD) Treatment? Potential Benefits of Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Apocarotenoids as Neuroprotectors. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4984927. [PMID: 33520083 PMCID: PMC7803142 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4984927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the commonest cause of severe visual loss and blindness in developed countries among individuals aged 60 and older. AMD slowly progresses from early AMD to intermediate AMD (iAMD) and ultimately late-stage AMD. Late AMD encompasses either neovascular AMD (nAMD) or geographic atrophy (GA). nAMD is defined by choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and hemorrhage in the subretinal space at the level of the macula. This induces a rapid visual impairment caused by the death of photoreceptor cells. Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies is the standard treatment of nAMD but adds to the burden of patient care. GA is characterized by slowly expanding photoreceptor, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration patches progressively leading to blindness. There is currently no therapy to cure GA. Late AMD continues to be an unmet medical need representing a major health problem with millions of patients worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation are recognized as some of the main risk factors to developing late AMD. The antioxidant formulation AREDS (Age-Related Eye Disease Studies), contains β-carotene, which has been replaced by lutein and zeaxanthin in AREDS2, are given to patients with iAMD but have a limited effect on the incidence of nAMD and GA. Thus, to avoid or slowdown the development of late stages of AMD (nAMD or GA), new therapies targeting iAMD are needed such as crocetin obtained through hydrolysis of crocin, an important component of saffron (Crocus sativus L.), and norbixin derived from bixin extracted from Bixa orellana seeds. We have shown that these apocarotenoids preserved more effectively RPE cells against apoptosis following blue light exposure in the presence of A2E than lutein and zeaxanthin. In this review, we will discuss the potential use of apocarotenoids to slowdown the progression of iAMD, to reduce the incidence of both forms of late AMD.
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Matušková V, Zeman T, Ewerlingová L, Hlinomazová Z, Souček J, Vlková E, Goswami N, Balcar VJ, Šerý O. An association of neovascular age-related macular degeneration with polymorphisms of CFH, ARMS2, HTRA1 and C3 genes in Czech population. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98:e691-e699. [PMID: 31970928 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated associations between neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and rs10490924 polymorphism of ARMS2 gene (age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2), rs1061170 polymorphism of gene for complement factor H (CFH), rs2230199 polymorphism of gene for complement component C3 and rs11200638 polymorphism of gene for serine protease high-temperature requirement A1 (HTRA1) in the Czech population. METHODS We analysed samples of DNA from 307 patients diagnosed with neovascular form of late AMD (average age: 73.7 ± 7.7 years) and 191 control subjects, recruited from patients awaiting cataract surgery (average age, 73.6 ± 8.7 years). RESULTS HTRA1, CFH and ARMS2 genes polymorphisms were found to be related to neovascular AMD in the Czech population. All analysed polymorphisms were statistically significantly associated with neovascular AMD, with stronger associations in females than in males. In whole group, CC genotype of CFH gene polymorphism, TT genotype of ARMS2 gene polymorphism and AA genotype of HTRA1 gene polymorphism showed the greatest risk for neovascular AMD with odds ratios equal to 8.43, 10.07, 9.83, respectively (p < 0.0001). Only CG polymorphism of C3 gene showed statistically significant risk for neovascular AMD. In addition, we observed an association between waist circumference and neovascular AMD in both sexes, which further suggests the significance of excessive abdominal fat as a risk factor of AMD. We found a statistically significant association between polymorphisms in HTRA1, CFH and ARMS2 genes and neovascular AMS in the Czech population. The association was stronger in females than in males. CONCLUSION We demonstrated a relationship between neovascular AMD and genes for HTRA1, CFH, ARMS2 and C3 in Czech population. To our knowledge, the relationship between these polymorphisms and neovascular AMD in Czech population has never been investigated before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Matušková
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Zeman
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Ewerlingová
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Hlinomazová
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Souček
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Vlková
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Physiology Division, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Vladimir J Balcar
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
- Bosch Institute and Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Omar Šerý
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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21
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Luo M, Zhao X, Yang J, Chen Y. The association of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy clinical phenotypes with previously reported genetic markers. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 258:1199-1203. [PMID: 32328755 PMCID: PMC7237508 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic studies have identified the association of some single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), but little is known about whether these SNPs are related to PCV clinical features as well. We performed this study to examine the association of 12 SNPs with PCV clinical phenotypes. METHODS Sixty-nine PCV eyes of 69 patients were included. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Agilent SureSelect Human ALL Exon V6 was used to sequence the 12 SNPs previously reported to associate with PCV. Baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), sub-foveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), choroid maximum vascular diameter (MVD), choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (CVH), and greatest linear dimension (GLD) of entire lesion were measured and compared between patients of different genotypes. Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were mainly used to compare categorical variables and continuous variables respectively. RESULTS HTRA1 rs2293870 was a protective factor of PCV or AMD in the fellow eye (P = 0.040) and was related with greater SFCT in PCV eye after multiple linear regression (P = 0.043). C3 rs17030 was associated with smaller GLD (P = 0.033). CFH rs2274700 was related to lower MVD (P = 0.043) and was a protective factor for CVH (P = 0.034). CONCLUSION Multiple PCV-associated SNPs are associated with PCV clinical phenotypes. The involvement of several synonymous SNPs calls for further research on the role of transcriptional alterations and trans-regulation of distant signaling pathways in PCV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Youxin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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22
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Yao Y, Li N. Effect of HtrA1 Polymorphism on Sensitivity to Chemotherapy in Patients with Colon Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e921933. [PMID: 32218415 PMCID: PMC7133446 DOI: 10.12659/msm.921933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to estimate the genetic effects of HtrA1 polymorphisms rs1049331 and rs11200638 on treatment response in stage III colon cancer patients receiving 5-FU-based chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 105 stage III colon cancer patients who received postoperative 5-FU based adjuvant chemotherapy were included in our study. Chemotherapy was performed in 3 cycles for the patients. HtrA1 rs1049331 and rs11200638 polymorphisms were genotyped via polymerase chain reaction with sequencing method. The treatment response was estimated according to the RECIST guidelines. RESULTS The response rate of the eligible patients was 53.33%. For rs1049331, the presences of TT genotype and T allele indicted reduced chemotherapy sensitivity (adjusted TT: OR=1.736, 95%CI: 1.001-3.011, P=0.049; T: OR=1.801, 95%CI: 1.054-2.932, P=0.039). The rs11200638 polymorphism had no significant association with chemotherapy sensitivity in the study population (P>0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS HtrA1 rs1049331 polymorphism, but not rs11200638 polymorphism, can influence individual sensitivity to 5-FU-based treatment in stage III colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eighth Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
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23
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Loss of the serine protease HTRA1 impairs smooth muscle cells maturation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18224. [PMID: 31796853 PMCID: PMC6890777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction is a hallmark of small vessel disease, a common cause of stroke and dementia. Two of the most frequently mutated genes in familial small vessel disease are HTRA1 and NOTCH3. The protease HTRA1 cleaves the NOTCH3 ligand JAG1 implying a mechanistic link between HTRA1 and Notch signaling. Here we report that HTRA1 is essential for VSMC differentiation into the contractile phenotype. Mechanistically, loss of HTRA1 increased JAG1 protein levels and NOTCH3 signaling activity in VSMC. In addition, the loss of HTRA1 enhanced TGFβ-SMAD2/3 signaling activity. Activation of either NOTCH3 or TGFβ signaling resulted in increased transcription of the HES and HEY transcriptional repressors and promoted the contractile VSMC phenotype. However, their combined over-activation led to an additive accumulation of HES and HEY proteins, which repressed the expression of contractile VSMC marker genes. As a result, VSMC adopted an immature phenotype with impaired arterial vasoconstriction in Htra1-deficient mice. These data demonstrate an essential role of HTRA1 in vascular maturation and homeostasis by controlling Notch and TGFβ signaling.
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24
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Ma W, Silverman SM, Zhao L, Villasmil R, Campos MM, Amaral J, Wong WT. Absence of TGFβ signaling in retinal microglia induces retinal degeneration and exacerbates choroidal neovascularization. eLife 2019; 8:42049. [PMID: 30666961 PMCID: PMC6342522 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive TGFβ signaling is important in maintaining retinal neurons and blood vessels and is a factor contributing to the risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a retinal disease involving neurodegeneration and microglial activation. How TGFβ signaling to microglia influences pathological retinal neuroinflammation is unclear. We discovered that ablation of the TGFβ receptor, TGFBR2, in retinal microglia of adult mice induced abnormal microglial numbers, distribution, morphology, and activation status, and promoted a pathological microglial gene expression profile. TGFBR2-deficient retinal microglia induced secondary gliotic changes in Müller cells, neuronal apoptosis, and decreased light-evoked retinal function reflecting abnormal synaptic transmission. While retinal vasculature was unaffected, TGFBR2-deficient microglia demonstrated exaggerated responses to laser-induced injury that was associated with increased choroidal neovascularization, a hallmark of advanced exudative AMD. These findings demonstrate that deficiencies in TGFβ-mediated microglial regulation can drive neuroinflammatory contributions to AMD-related neurodegeneration and neovascularization, highlighting TGFβ signaling as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Ma
- Unit on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Sean M Silverman
- Unit on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Lian Zhao
- Unit on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Rafael Villasmil
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Maria M Campos
- Section on Histopathology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Juan Amaral
- Unit on Ocular Stem Cell and Translational Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Wai T Wong
- Unit on Neuron-Glia Interactions in Retinal Disease, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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25
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Akhtar-Schaefer I, Reuten R, Koch M, Pietsch M, Langmann T. AMD-Associated HTRA1 Variants Do Not Influence TGF-β Signaling in Microglia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1185:3-7. [PMID: 31884580 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27378-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants of high-temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) and age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) are associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). One HTRA1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is situated in the promotor region (rs11200638) resulting in increased expression, while two synonymous SNPs are located in exon 1 (rs1049331:C > T, rs2293870:G > T). HtrA1 is known to inhibit transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, a pathway regulating quiescence of microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain and retina. Microglia-mediated immune responses contribute to AMD pathogenesis. It is currently unclear whether AMD-associated HTRA1 variants influence TGF-β signaling and microglia phenotypes. Here, we show that an HtrA1 isoform carrying AMD-associated SNPs in exon 1 exhibits increased proteolytic activity. However, when incubating TGF-β-treated reactive microglia with HtrA1 protein variants, neither the wildtype nor the SNP-associated isoforms changed microglia activation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Akhtar-Schaefer
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Raphael Reuten
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology and Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology and Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Langmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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26
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Oura Y, Nakamura M, Takigawa T, Fukushima Y, Wakabayashi T, Tsujikawa M, Nishida K. High-Temperature Requirement A 1 Causes Photoreceptor Cell Death in Zebrafish Disease Models. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2729-2744. [PMID: 30273602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an important cause of blindness. It is characterized by a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) disorder that leads to death of photoreceptor cells (PRCs). AMD has a strong genetic association with high-temperature requirement A 1 (HTRA1). The relationship between HTRA1 and the AMD phenotype is unknown. In this study, we show that the expression of HTRA1 in PRCs, as well as in RPE, is increased by the disease-associated HTRA1 mutation and aging. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay and quantitative PCR of apoptosis-associated caspases confirmed that PRC-specific overexpression of HTRA1 induced PRC death. Transgenic zebrafish overexpressing human HTRA1 in rod PRCs showed morphologic changes of the RPE, including PRC death and lipofuscin accumulation, features similar to those of early AMD. htra1 expression was also increased in a retinitis pigmentosa zebrafish model compared with wild type. In both fish lines, PRC death was rescued by the suppression of htra1 by the inhibitor 6-boroV. AKT-forkhead box O3 signaling downstream of HTRA1 was activated via a tumor growth factor β signal, resulting in PRC death. These findings suggest that HTRA1 derived from PRCs is associated with early AMD via PRC death. HTRA1 is a potentially effective target for neuroprotective therapy of early AMD and other degenerative diseases of PRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Oura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan
| | - Machiko Nakamura
- Pain and Neuroscience Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Takigawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoko Fukushima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan
| | - Taku Wakabayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan
| | - Motokazu Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan.
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan
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27
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Chen CY, Melo E, Jakob P, Friedlein A, Elsässer B, Goettig P, Kueppers V, Delobel F, Stucki C, Dunkley T, Fauser S, Schilling O, Iacone R. N-Terminomics identifies HtrA1 cleavage of thrombospondin-1 with generation of a proangiogenic fragment in the polarized retinal pigment epithelial cell model of age-related macular degeneration. Matrix Biol 2018; 70:84-101. [PMID: 29572155 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly population. Variants in the HTRA1-ARMS2 locus have been linked to increased AMD risk. In the present study we investigated the impact of elevated HtrA1 levels on the retina pigment epithelial (RPE) secretome using a polarized culture system. Upregulation of HtrA1 alters the abundance of key proteins involved in angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling. Thrombospondin-1, an angiogenesis modulator, was identified as a substrate for HtrA1 using terminal amine isotope labeling of substrates in conjunction with HtrA1 specificity profiling. HtrA1 cleavage of thrombospondin-1 was further corroborated by in vitro cleavage assays and targeted proteomics together with small molecule inhibition of HtrA1. While thrombospondin-1 is anti-angiogenic, the proteolytically released N-terminal fragment promotes the formation of tube-like structure by endothelial cells. Taken together, our findings suggest a mechanism by which increased levels of HtrA1 may contribute to AMD pathogenesis. The proteomic data has been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the data set identifier. For quantitative secretome analysis, project accession: PXD007691, username: reviewer45093@ebi.ac.uk, password: 1FUpS6Yq. For TAILS analysis, project accession: PXD007139, username: reviewer76731@ebi.ac.uk, password: sNbMp7xK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Esther Melo
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Jakob
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Friedlein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brigitta Elsässer
- Division of Structural Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Goettig
- Division of Structural Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Kueppers
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Delobel
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Stucki
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tom Dunkley
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Fauser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Roberto Iacone
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases Discovery & Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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Epigenetics, microbiota, and intraocular inflammation: New paradigms of immune regulation in the eye. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 64:84-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Klose R, Adam MG, Weis EM, Moll I, Wüstehube-Lausch J, Tetzlaff F, Oka C, Ehrmann M, Fischer A. Inactivation of the serine protease HTRA1 inhibits tumor growth by deregulating angiogenesis. Oncogene 2018; 37:4260-4272. [PMID: 29713059 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The serine protease HTRA1 is involved in several vascular diseases and its expression is often deregulated in cancer. We aimed at identifying how HTRA1 in the vasculature affects tumor growth. Here we report that silencing of HTRA1 in cultured endothelial cells increased migration rate and tube formation, whereas forced HTRA1 expression impaired sprouting angiogenesis. Mechanistically, endothelial HTRA1 expression enhanced Delta/Notch signaling by reducing the amount of the weak Notch ligand JAG1. HTRA1 physically interacted with JAG1 and cleaved it within the intracellular domain, leading to protein degradation. Expression of a constitutive active Notch1 prevented the hypersprouting phenotype upon silencing of HTRA1. In HtrA1-deficient mice, endothelial Notch signaling was diminished and isolated endothelial cells had increased expression of VEGF receptor-2. Growth of syngeneic tumors was strongly impaired in HtrA1-/- mice. The tumor vasculature was much denser in HtrA1-/- mice and less covered with mural cells. This chaotic and immature vascular network was poorly functional as indicated by large hypoxic tumor areas and low tumor cell proliferation rates. In summary, inhibition of HTRA1 in the tumor stroma impaired tumor progression by deregulating angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Klose
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - M Gordian Adam
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Metanomics Health GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Weis
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Iris Moll
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Joycelyn Wüstehube-Lausch
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.,BioNTech AG, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Tetzlaff
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Chio Oka
- Laboratory of Gene Function in Animals, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Michael Ehrmann
- Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45117, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer (A270), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany. .,European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, 68167, Germany. .,Medical Clinic I, Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
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30
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Milenkovic VM, Bader S, Sudria-Lopez D, Siebert R, Brandl C, Nothdurfter C, Weber BHF, Rupprecht R, Wetzel CH. Effects of genetic variants in the TSPO gene on protein structure and stability. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195627. [PMID: 29641545 PMCID: PMC5895031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is an evolutionary conserved cholesterol binding protein localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane. Expression of TSPO is upregulated in activated microglia in various neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative, and neoplastic disorders. Therefore, TSPO radioligands are used as biomarkers in positron emission tomography (PET) studies. In particular, a common A147T polymorphism in the TSPO gene affects binding of several high affinity TSPO radioligands. Given the relevance of TSPO as a diagnostic biomarker in disease processes, we systematically searched for mutations in the human TSPO gene by a wide array of evolution and structure based bioinformatics tools and identified potentially deleterious missense mutations. The two most frequently observed missense mutations A147T and R162H were further analysed in structural models of human wildtype and mutant TSPO proteins. The effects of missense mutations were studied on the atomic level using molecular dynamics simulations. To analyse putative effects of A147T and R162H variants on protein stability we established primary dermal fibroblast cultures from wt and homozygous A147T and R162H donors. Stability of endogenous TSPO protein, which is abundantly expressed in fibroblasts, was studied using cycloheximide protein degradation assay. Our data show that the A147T mutation significantly alters the flexibility and stability of the mutant protein. Furthermore both A147T and R162H mutations decreased the half-life of the mutant proteins by about 25 percent, which could in part explain its effect on reduced pregnenolone production and susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders. The present study is the first comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of genetic variants in the TSPO gene, thereby extending the knowledge about the clinical relevance of TSPO nsSNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir M. Milenkovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Neurosciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Stefanie Bader
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Neurosciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Sudria-Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Neurosciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ramona Siebert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Neurosciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Brandl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Nothdurfter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Neurosciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Neurosciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian H. Wetzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Molecular Neurosciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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31
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HtrA1 Mediated Intracellular Effects on Tubulin Using a Polarized RPE Disease Model. EBioMedicine 2017; 27:258-274. [PMID: 29269042 PMCID: PMC5828370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss. The protein HtrA1 is enriched in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells isolated from AMD patients and in drusen deposits. However, it is poorly understood how increased levels of HtrA1 affect the physiological function of the RPE at the intracellular level. Here, we developed hfRPE (human fetal retinal pigment epithelial) cell culture model where cells fully differentiated into a polarized functional monolayer. In this model, we fine-tuned the cellular levels of HtrA1 by targeted overexpression. Our data show that HtrA1 enzymatic activity leads to intracellular degradation of tubulin with a corresponding reduction in the number of microtubules, and consequently to an altered mechanical cell phenotype. HtrA1 overexpression further leads to impaired apical processes and decreased phagocytosis, an essential function for photoreceptor survival. These cellular alterations correlate with the AMD phenotype and thus highlight HtrA1 as an intracellular target for therapeutic interventions towards AMD treatment.
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Xiang H, Tao X, Xia S, Qu J, Song H, Liu J, Shang D. Emodin Alleviates Sodium Taurocholate-Induced Pancreatic Acinar Cell Injury via MicroRNA-30a-5p-Mediated Inhibition of High-Temperature Requirement A/Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Inflammatory Signaling. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1488. [PMID: 29163548 PMCID: PMC5681496 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease that is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality, and it can induce pancreatic necrosis that starts within pancreatic acinar cells in severe cases. Emodin, a pleiotropic natural product isolated from the Chinese herb Rheum palmatum L., has effective anti-inflammatory activities. In this paper, we investigated the protective effects and molecular mechanism of emodin against sodium taurocholate (STC)-induced pancreatic acinar cells injury in vitro and in vivo; and the results showed that emodin could significantly alleviate STC-induced pancreatic acinar cells injury through decreasing trypsin, amylase and the release of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6). Also, we found that emodin could significantly downregulate the HTRA1, interleukin-33, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88, TNF receptor-associated factor-6, and nuclear factor kappa-B protein levels, but upregulate the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) protein level. These results indicated that emodin alleviated pancreatic acinar cells injury mainly through inhibiting HTRA1/TGF-β1 signaling pathway, and this finding was further proved by the HTRA1 overexpression experiments. In addition, the inflammatory regulator microRNA-30a-5p (miR-30a-5p) was confirmed to be a transcriptional brake that controls the HTRA1 gene through using a dual luciferase reporter assay, and it was upregulated by emodin in pancreatic acinar cells. Furthermore, the pancreatic protective effects and anti-inflammatory activities of emodin were all abrogated with both miR-30a-5p inhibitor in vitro and miR-30a-5p antagomir in vivo. Collectively, these results demonstrate that miR-30a-5p/HTRA1 are the target of emodin-mediated attenuation of pancreatic acinar cell injury in pancreatitis, thus providing the foundation for further development of this natural product for medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiang
- College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shilin Xia
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huiyi Song
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Luo D, Wang Y, Huan X, Huang C, Yang C, Fan H, Xu Z, Yang L. Identification of a synonymous variant in TRIM59 gene for gastric cancer risk in a Chinese population. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11507-11516. [PMID: 28009992 PMCID: PMC5355281 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif 59 (TRIM59) is a novel oncogenic driver in gastric cancer (GC) that is implicated in disease progression as well as dismal survival. Genetic variants in peculiar gene are likely candidates for conferring hereditary susceptibility. The role of TRIM59 polymorphism in predicting the risk of malignant diseases and its relevance to TRIM59 expression have not been discussed. Using a HapMap tagSNPs approach, we screened three tag TRIM59 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1141023G>A, rs7629A>G, rs11706810T>C) which were genotyped in 602 GC patients and 868 healthy controls. Our study provided convincing result that carries of variant rs1141023A allele markedly increased GC risk (P=0.006). In comparison with the GG homozygotes, the variant GA heterozygotes demonstrated 1.50-fold elevated risk of GC (p=0.014, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–2.08). Subjects who carried the (GA+AA) genotypes of rs1141023 were associated with remarkable increased GC risk compared with the common genotype (P = 0.013, adjusted OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.09–2.05). Further stratified analyses displayed that the relationship between mutant genotype of rs1141023 and GC risk was more profound in male individuals. Intriguingly, there is no significant distinction of TRIM59 mRNA expression between rs1141023GA genotype and GG genotype in 44 normal gastric tissues. Taken together, our results suggest that rs1141023 polymorphism contributes to increased predisposition to GC and thus may be responsible for predicting early GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakui Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Younan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangkun Huan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Key Laboratory on Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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34
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Schlecht A, Leimbeck SV, Jägle H, Feuchtinger A, Tamm ER, Braunger BM. Deletion of Endothelial Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Leads to Choroidal Neovascularization. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2570-2589. [PMID: 28823871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), an angiogenic process that critically contributes to vision loss in age-related macular degeneration, is unclear. Herein, we analyzed the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling for CNV formation by generating a series of mutant mouse models with induced conditional deletion of TGF-β signaling in the entire eye, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), or the vascular endothelium. Deletion of TGF-β signaling in the eye caused CNV, irrespectively if it was ablated in newborn or 3-week-old mice. Areas of CNV showed photoreceptor degeneration, multilayered RPE, basal lamina deposits, and accumulations of monocytes/macrophages. The changes progressed, leading to marked structural and functional alterations of the retina. Although the specific deletion of TGF-β signaling in the RPE caused no obvious changes, specific deletion in vascular endothelial cells caused CNV and a phenotype similar to that observed after the deletion in the entire eye. We conclude that impairment of TGF-β signaling in the vascular endothelium of the eye is sufficient to trigger CNV formation. Our findings highlight the importance of TGF-β signaling as a key player in the development of ocular neovascularization and indicate a fundamental role of TGF-β signaling in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schlecht
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sarah V Leimbeck
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Herbert Jägle
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst R Tamm
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Barbara M Braunger
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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35
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Genetische Risiken und Therapieentwicklung bei Netzhautdegenerationen. MED GENET-BERLIN 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-017-0134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Das Wissen um die genetischen Ursachen von Netzhautdegenerationen, ob monogen oder komplex, ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung, um grundlegende physiologische Prozesse der Krankheitsentwicklung zu verstehen und darauf aufbauend eine individualisierte, präzise auf den Patienten zugeschnittene Therapie entwickeln zu können. Diese Übersicht fasst zunächst den gegenwärtigen Wissensstand der Genetik von erblichen Netzhautdystrophien und von komplexen retinalen Degenerationen zusammen. Hieraus lassen sich ursächliche Mechanismen und molekulare Pathologien des klinisch und genetisch heterogenen Krankheitsbildes der Netzhautdegenerationen ableiten. Aufbauend auf diesen Kenntnissen lässt sich schließlich die Rolle der Genetik in der Therapieentwicklung beleuchten, die wesentlich die große Vielfalt von therapeutischen Strategien in diesem Bereich begründet. In weiteren Artikeln dieses Schwerpunktheftes werden solche Therapiestrategien an ausgewählten Beispielen veranschaulicht.
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36
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Fu B, Liu ZL, Zhang H, Gu F. Interleukin-13 and age-related macular degeneration. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:535-540. [PMID: 28503424 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.04.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM o identify the effects of interleukin (IL)-13 on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and the IL-13 level in aqueous humor of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients. METHODS IL-13 levels in aqueous humor specimens from AMD patients were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ARPE-19 cells were treated with 10 ng/mL IL-13 for 12, 24, and 48h. The cell proliferaton was evaluated by the MTS method. The mRNA and protein levels of α-SMA and ZO-1 were evaluated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot respectively. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed by ELISA. RESULTS IL-13 levels in the aqueous humor of patients with AMD were significantly higher than those in the control (167.33±17.64 vs 27.12±5.65 pg/mL; P<0.01). In vitro, IL-13 of high concentrations (10, 15, and 20 ng/mL) inhibited ARPE-19 cell proliferation. α-SMA mRNA in ARPE-19 cell were increased (1.017±0.112 vs 1.476±0.168; P<0.001) and ZO-1 decreased (1.051±0.136 vs 0.702±0.069; P<0.001) after treated with 10 ng/mL IL-13 for 48h. The protein expression of α-SMA and ZO-1 also showed the same tendency (α-SMA: P=0.038; ZO-1: P=0.008). IL-13 significantly reduced the level of TNF-α (44.70±1.67 vs 31.79±3.53 pg/mL; P=0.005) at 48h, but the level of TGF-β2 was significantly increased from 34.44±2.92 to 57.61±6.31 pg/mL at 24h (P=0.004) and from 61.26±1.11 to 86.91±3.59 pg/mL at 48h (P<0.001). While expressions of VEGF didn't change after IL-13 treatment. CONCLUSION IL-13 in vitro inhibit ARPE-19 cell proliferation and expression in the aqueous may be associated with AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fu
- China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhe-Li Liu
- China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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37
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Soussi T, Taschner PEM, Samuels Y. Synonymous Somatic Variants in Human Cancer Are Not Infamous: A Plea for Full Disclosure in Databases and Publications. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:339-342. [PMID: 28026089 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) are the most frequent genetic changes found in human cancer. Most driver alterations are missense and nonsense variants localized in the coding region of cancer genes. Unbiased cancer genome sequencing shows that synonymous SNVs (sSNVs) can be found clustered in the coding regions of several cancer oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes suggesting purifying selection. sSNVs are currently underestimated, as they are usually discarded during analysis. Furthermore, several public databases do not display sSNVs, which can lead to analytical bias and the false assumption that this mutational event is uncommon. Recent progress in our understanding of the deleterious consequences of these sSNVs for RNA stability and protein translation shows that they can act as strong drivers of cancer, as demonstrated for several cancer genes such as TP53 or BCL2L12. It is therefore essential that sSNVs be properly reported and analyzed in order to provide an accurate picture of the genetic landscape of the cancer genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Soussi
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, F-75005, France.,INSERM, U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK) R8:04, Stockholm, SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - Peter E M Taschner
- Generade Centre of Expertise Genomics and University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Leiden, 2333 CL, The Netherlands
| | - Yardena Samuels
- Molecular Cell Biology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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38
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Grassmann F, Heid IM, Weber BHF. Recombinant Haplotypes Narrow the ARMS2/HTRA1 Association Signal for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Genetics 2017; 205:919-924. [PMID: 27879347 PMCID: PMC5289859 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.195966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in ageing societies, triggered by both environmental and genetic factors. The strongest genetic signal for AMD with odds ratios of up to 2.8 per adverse allele was found previously over a chromosomal region in 10q26 harboring two genes, ARMS2 and HTRA1, although with little knowledge as to which gene or genetic variation is functionally relevant to AMD pathology. In this study, we analyzed rare recombinant haplotypes in 16,144 AMD cases and 17,832 controls from the International AMD Genomics Consortium and identified variants in ARMS2 but not HTRA1 to exclusively carry the AMD risk with P-values between 1.0 × 10-773 and 6.7 × 10-5 This now allows prioritization of the gene of interest for subsequent functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Grassmann
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard H F Weber
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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39
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Abstract
Although currently available treatment options for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are limited, particularly for atrophic AMD, the identification of predisposing genetic variations has informed clinical studies addressing therapeutic options such as complement inhibitors and anti-inflammatory agents. To lower risk of early AMD, recommended lifestyle interventions such as the avoidance of smoking and the intake of low glycemic antioxidant-rich diets have largely followed from the identification of nongenetic modifiable factors. On the other hand, the challenge of understanding the complex relationship between aging and cumulative damage leading to AMD has fueled investigations of the visual cycle adducts that accumulate in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and are a hallmark of aging retina. These studies have revealed properties of these compounds that provide insights into processes that may compromise RPE and could contribute to disease mechanisms in AMD. This work has also led to the design of targeted therapeutics that are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet R Sparrow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
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Xiang H, Zhang Q, Wang D, Xia S, Wang G, Zhang G, Chen H, Wu Y, Shang D. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis for identification of biomarkers associated with emodin against severe acute pancreatitis in rats. RSC Adv 2016; 6:72447-72457. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16446c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Emodin has potent actions against SAP injury by inhibiting the HTRA1/TGF-β1 signaling pathway and subsequent inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiang
- College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116011
- China
- Institute of Gene Engineered Animal Models for Human Diseases
| | - Qingkai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery
- Pancreatico-Biliary Center
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116011
- China
| | - Danqi Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116011
- China
| | - Shilin Xia
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116011
- China
| | - Guijun Wang
- Department of General Surgery
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University
- Jinzhou 121000
- China
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery
- Pancreatico-Biliary Center
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116011
- China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery
- Pancreatico-Biliary Center
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116011
- China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116011
- China
- Institute of Gene Engineered Animal Models for Human Diseases
| | - Dong Shang
- College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116011
- China
- Department of General Surgery
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