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Hirano M, Wada-Hiraike O, Fukui M, Shibata S, Uehara M, Nagumo A, Urata Y, Sone K, Harada M, Koga K, Osuga Y. Ulipristal (UPA) effects on rat ovaries: Unraveling follicle dynamics, ovulation inhibition, and safety implications for prolonged use. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 125:108571. [PMID: 38458359 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Ulipristal (UPA), a selective progesterone receptor modulator, has both agonistic and antagonistic effects on progesterone receptors. UPA suppresses ovulation by inhibiting the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge from the pituitary gland; however, the direct effect of UPA on ovarian tissue remains poorly studied. In the present study, we examined the effects of UPA on the ovaries of rats. Rats were treated for 28 days with UPA, and the effects of UPA on ovarian tissue were examined histologically and the expression of antioxidant genes and cell death markers were also investigated. UPA treatment increased the number of primordial follicles at each treatment group, primordial follicles increased at all dose levels, but the size/magnitude of the effect decreased with the increasing dose. The number of primary and antral follicles tended to increase with increasing UPA levels. Furthermore, the decrease in primary follicle number could be attributed to the exhaustion of follicles, but the examination of proliferation markers, oxidative stress markers, and cell death markers revealed no remarkable toxic effects on ovarian tissues. These results suggest that UPA treatment promotes follicle development at each stage but inhibits ovulation by suppressing the LH surge, resulting in an increase in atretic follicles or unruptured luteinized cysts. These results suggest that UPA may not have both toxic effects on the ovary and a direct local effect on ovarian follicles, but we should be careful about the effects of prolonged UPA treatment in patients with uterine fibroids on their future fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Hirano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Teikyo University, Tokyo 1738606, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan.
| | | | | | - Mari Uehara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan
| | - Aiko Nagumo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan
| | - Yoko Urata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan
| | - Kenbun Sone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan
| | - Miyuki Harada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan
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2
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Tomsia M, Cieśla J, Śmieszek J, Florek S, Macionga A, Michalczyk K, Stygar D. Long-term space missions' effects on the human organism: what we do know and what requires further research. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1284644. [PMID: 38415007 PMCID: PMC10896920 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1284644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Space has always fascinated people. Many years have passed since the first spaceflight, and in addition to the enormous technological progress, the level of understanding of human physiology in space is also increasing. The presented paper aims to summarize the recent research findings on the influence of the space environment (microgravity, pressure differences, cosmic radiation, etc.) on the human body systems during short-term and long-term space missions. The review also presents the biggest challenges and problems that must be solved in order to extend safely the time of human stay in space. In the era of increasing engineering capabilities, plans to colonize other planets, and the growing interest in commercial space flights, the most topical issues of modern medicine seems to be understanding the effects of long-term stay in space, and finding solutions to minimize the harmful effects of the space environment on the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Tomsia
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Julia Cieśla
- School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Śmieszek
- School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Szymon Florek
- School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Macionga
- School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Michalczyk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dominika Stygar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- SLU University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Bonforte F, Ferrarini M, D'Angola A, Giroletti E, Introini D. Heavy-ions shielding data for hadrontherapy application with Monte Carlo methods. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:2061-2075. [PMID: 37494453 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
In hadrontherapy centers, ion beams are accelerated by a cyclotron or synchrotron through electric and magnetic fields and, once the treatment energy is reached, ions interact with the patient. The interaction of the beam with magnets, other elements of particle accelerator or with the patient generates secondary radiation and the calculation for the design of the shielding is required. A first assessment of the shielding, generally made by concrete, can be performed by using Monte Carlo simulations, in which neutron yields and the ambient dose equivalent, H*(10), spatial distribution are obtained. The aim of this work is to evaluate, with a Monte Carlo approach, ambient dose equivalent values at various concrete depths generated by the secondary radiation. Simulations are performed considering helium, lithium, carbon, oxygen and iron primary beams. For existing facilities that already accelerates carbon ion, an equivalent carbon ratio is introduced to estimate the ion currents to get, in a given point, the same ambient dose equivalent as a carbon ion. Numerical results have been obtained simulating an ion beam that impinges on a thick iron or international commission on radiation units and measurements (ICRU) tissue, respectively, representing magnets and patient. The secondary radiation is transported through a large concrete shielding where ambient dose equivalent values are calculated as function of concrete thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bonforte
- Scuola di Ingegneria, Università della Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO), via Erminio Borloni 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Ferrarini
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO), via Erminio Borloni 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Angola
- Scuola di Ingegneria, Università della Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Elio Giroletti
- Physics Department and INFN - Sezione di Pavia, University of Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Introini
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO), via Erminio Borloni 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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González-Alvarez ME, Keating AF. Hepatic and ovarian effects of perfluorooctanoic acid exposure differ in lean and obese adult female mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 474:116614. [PMID: 37422089 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight cause poor oocyte quality, miscarriage, infertility, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and offspring birth defects and affects 40% and 20% of US women and girls, respectively. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), is environmentally persistent and has negative female reproductive effects including endocrine disruption, oxidative stress, altered menstrual cyclicity, and decreased fertility in humans and animal models. PFAS exposure is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease which affects ∼24-26% of the US population. This study investigated the hypothesis that PFOA exposure impacts hepatic and ovarian chemical biotransformation and alters the serum metabolome. At 7 weeks of age, female lean, wild type (KK.Cg-a/a) or obese (KK.Cg-Ay/J) mice received saline (C) or PFOA (2.5 mg/Kg) per os for 15 d. Hepatic weight was increased by PFOA exposure in both lean and obese mice (P < 0.05) and obesity also increased liver weight (P < 0.05) compared to lean mice. The serum metabolome was also altered (P < 0.05) by PFOA exposure and differed between lean and obese mice. Exposure to PFOA altered (P < 0.05) the abundance of ovarian proteins with roles in xenobiotic biotransformation (lean - 6; obese - 17), metabolism of fatty acids (lean - 3; obese - 9), cholesterol (lean - 8; obese - 11), amino acids (lean - 18; obese - 19), glucose (lean - 7; obese - 10), apoptosis (lean - 18; obese - 13), and oxidative stress (lean - 3; obese - 2). Use of qRT-PCR determined that exposure to PFOA increased (P < 0.05) hepatic Ces1 and Chst1 in lean but Ephx1 and Gstm3 in obese mice. Also, obesity basally increased (P < 0.05) Nat2, Gpi and Hsd17b2 mRNA levels. These data identify molecular changes resultant from PFOA exposure that may cause liver injury and ovotoxicity in females. In addition, differences in toxicity induced by PFOA exposure occurs in lean and obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Estefanía González-Alvarez
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America.
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Lim J, Lee HL, Nguyen J, Shin J, Getze S, Quach C, Squire E, Jung KM, Mahler SV, Mackie K, Piomelli D, Luderer U. Adolescent exposure to low-dose Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol depletes the ovarian reserve in female mice. Toxicol Sci 2023; 193:31-47. [PMID: 36912754 PMCID: PMC10176244 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use by adolescents is widespread, but its effects on the ovaries remain largely unknown. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exerts its pharmacological effects by activating, and in some conditions hijacking, cannabinoid receptors (CBRs). We hypothesized that adolescent exposure to THC affects ovarian function in adulthood. Peripubertal female C57BL/6N mice were given THC (5 mg/kg) or its vehicle, once daily by intraperitoneal injection. Some mice received THC from postnatal day (PND) 30-33 and their ovaries were harvested PND34; other mice received THC from PND30-43, and their ovaries were harvested PND70. Adolescent treatment with THC depleted ovarian primordial follicle numbers by 50% at PND70, 4 weeks after the last dose. The treatment produced primordial follicle activation, which persisted until PND70. THC administration also caused DNA damage in primary follicles and increased PUMA protein expression in oocytes of primordial and primary follicles. Both CB1R and CB2R were expressed in oocytes and theca cells of ovarian follicles. Enzymes involved in the formation (N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D) or deactivation (fatty acid amide hydrolase) of the endocannabinoid anandamide were expressed in granulosa cells of ovarian follicles and interstitial cells. Levels of mRNA for CBR1 were significantly increased in ovaries after adolescent THC exposure, and upregulation persisted for at least 4 weeks. Our results support that adolescent exposure to THC may cause aberrant activation of the ovarian endocannabinoid system in female mice, resulting in substantial loss of ovarian reserve in adulthood. Relevance of these findings to women who frequently used cannabis during adolescence warrants investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhwan Lim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Hye-Lim Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Julie Nguyen
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Joyce Shin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Samantha Getze
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Caitlin Quach
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Erica Squire
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Kwang-Mook Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Stephen V Mahler
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Ulrike Luderer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Dept. of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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Al-Shahat A, Hulail MAE, Soliman NMM, Khamis T, Fericean LM, Arisha AH, Moawad RS. Melatonin Mitigates Cisplatin-Induced Ovarian Dysfunction via Altering Steroidogenesis, Inflammation, Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, and PTEN/PI3K/Akt/mTOR/AMPK Signaling Pathway in Female Rats. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2769. [PMID: 36559263 PMCID: PMC9786155 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian damage and fertility impairment are major side effects of chemotherapy in pre-menopausal cancer patients. Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug. The present study was designed to assess the ameliorative effects of melatonin as an adjuvant for fertility preservation. Thirty-two adult female Wistar rats were divided randomly into four equal groups: Control, Melatonin, Cisplatin (CP) treated, and CP + Melatonin treated. The cisplatin-treated group showed decreased body and ovarian weights, decreased serum E2 and AMH, increased serum LH and FSH, reduced ovarian levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, and TAC, and increased ovarian MDA. The histopathological examination of the cisplatin-treated group showed deleterious changes within ovarian tissue in the form of damaged follicles and corpus luteum, hemorrhage, and inflammatory infiltrates with faint PAS reaction in zona pellucida, increased ovarian collagen deposition, and marked expression of caspase-3 immune reaction in granulosa and theca cells, stroma, and oocytes. Alongside, there was a significant downregulation in the mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes, IL10, AMPK, PI3K, AKT, mTOR, and PTEN, while TGF-β1, IL1β, IL6, TNF-α, NF-Kβ, P53, p38-MAPK, JNK, and FOXO3 mRNA expressions were upregulated in cisplatin-treated rats' ovarian tissue. Coadministration of cisplatin-treated rats with melatonin reversed these changes significantly. In conclusion, melatonin's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities could modulate ovarian disturbances induced by cisplatin and preserve fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Al-Shahat
- Human Anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohey A. E. Hulail
- Human Anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Nada M. M. Soliman
- Human Anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Liana Mihaela Fericean
- Biology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Michael I of Romania” from Timisoara, Aradului St. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ahmed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Rania S. Moawad
- Human Anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Malott KF, Leon Parada K, Lee M, Swanson E, Luderer U. Gestational Benzo[a]pyrene Exposure Destroys F1 Ovarian Germ Cells Through Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway and Diminishes Surviving Oocyte Quality. Toxicol Sci 2022; 190:23-40. [PMID: 35993611 PMCID: PMC9960072 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), are products of incomplete combustion. In female mouse embryos primordial germ cells proliferate before and after arriving at the gonadal ridge around embryonic (E) 10 and begin entering meiosis at E13.5. Now oocytes, they arrest in the first meiotic prophase beginning at E17.5. We previously reported dose-dependent depletion of ovarian follicles in female mice exposed to 2 or 10 mg/kg-day BaP E6.5-15.5. We hypothesized that embryonic ovaries are more sensitive to gestational BaP exposure during the mitotic developmental window, and that this exposure results in persistent oxidative stress in ovaries and oocytes of exposed F1 female offspring. We orally dosed timed-pregnant female mice with 0 or 2 mg/kg-day BaP in oil from E6.5-11.5 (mitotic window) or E12.5-17.5 (meiotic window). Cultured E13.5 ovaries were utilized to investigate the mechanism of BaP-induced germ cell death. We observed statistically significant follicle depletion and increased ovarian lipid peroxidation in F1 pubertal ovaries following BaP exposure during either prenatal window. Culture of E13.5 ovaries with BaP induced germ cell DNA damage and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria in oocytes, confirming that BaP exposure induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Mitochondrial membrane potential, oocyte lipid droplet (LD) volume, and mitochondrial-LD colocalization were decreased and mitochondrial superoxide levels were increased in the MII oocytes of F1 females exposed gestationally to BaP. Results demonstrate similar sensitivity to germ cell depletion and persistent oxidative stress in F1 ovaries and oocytes following gestational BaP exposure during mitotic or meiotic windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli F Malott
- Environmental Health Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, USA,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - Kathleen Leon Parada
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - Melody Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - Edward Swanson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - Ulrike Luderer
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, 100 Theory Drive, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92617, USA. E-mail:
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Guo Z, Zhou G, Hu W. Carcinogenesis induced by space radiation: A systematic review. Neoplasia 2022; 32:100828. [PMID: 35908380 PMCID: PMC9340504 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The carcinogenic risk from space radiation has always been a health risk issue of great concern during space exploration. In recent years, a large number of cellular and animal experiments have demonstrated that space radiation, composed of high-energy protons and heavy ions, has shown obvious carcinogenicity. However, different from radiation on Earth, space radiation has the characteristics of high energy and low dose rate. It is rich in high-atom-number and high-energy particles and, as it is combined with other space environmental factors such as microgravity and a weak magnetic field, the study of its carcinogenic effects and mechanisms of action is difficult, which leads to great uncertainty in its carcinogenic risk assessment. Here, we review the latest progress in understanding the effects and mechanisms of action related to cell transformation and carcinogenesis induced by space radiation in recent years and summarize the prediction models of cancer risk caused by space radiation and the methods to reduce the uncertainty of prediction to provide reference for the research and risk assessment of space radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Zhang Q, Wei Z, Weng H, Chen Y, Zhang J, Mei S, Wei J, Zhu X, Nong Y, Ruan J, Liu W, Zhou R, Wang F, Xie Y, Huang J, Zhang X, Liu F. Folic Acid Preconditioning Alleviated Radiation-Induced Ovarian Dysfunction in Female Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:854655. [PMID: 35836584 PMCID: PMC9274203 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.854655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiological therapy/examination is the primary source of artificial radiation exposure in humans. While its application has contributed to major advances in disease diagnosis and treatment, ionizing radiation exposure is associated with ovarian damage. The use of natural products, either alone or as an adjunct, has become increasingly common for reducing the side effects of radiological therapy during disease treatment. Herein, we explored the protective effect of folic acid (FA), a widely used B vitamin, against radiation-induced ovarian injury and its mechanism of action. Female mice with normal ovarian function were randomly divided into control, FA, radiation, and radiation + FA groups. The intervention strategy included daily intragastric administration of FA (5 mg/kg) for 3 weeks prior to radiation exposure. Mice in the radiation and radiation + FA groups received a single dose of 5 Gy X-ray irradiation. Changes in the estrous cycle were then recorded, and ovarian tissues were collected. Pathophysiological changes as well as reproductive and endocrine-related indexes were determined via H&E staining, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and ELISA. The reproductive performance and emotional symptoms of animals were also monitored. Our results indicated that FA intervention effectively alleviated ovarian damage, leading to more regular estrous cycles, lesser impairment of follicular morphology and endocrine status, as well as greater germ cell preservation. Reduced levels of oxidative stress, inflammation, and enhanced DNA repair were associated these changes. FA pre-administration improved the reproductive performance, leading to higher pregnancy rates and greater litter sizes. Further, the anxiety levels of animals were significantly reduced. Our results indicate that FA pre-administration significantly alleviates radiation-induced ovarian damage in rodents, highlighting its potential as a protective strategy against radiation exposure in the female population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhifu Wei
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, China
| | - Huinan Weng
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Mei
- Department of Radiation, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Wei
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiulan Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqi Nong
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing Ruan
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqiong Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Xie
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjiu Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Junjiu Huang
| | - Xiqian Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Xiqian Zhang
| | - Fenghua Liu
- Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fenghua Liu
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10
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Lim J, Ali S, Liao LS, Nguyen ES, Ortiz L, Reshel S, Luderer U. Antioxidant supplementation partially rescues accelerated ovarian follicle loss, but not oocyte quality, of glutathione-deficient mice†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:1065-1079. [PMID: 31950131 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tripeptide thiol antioxidant glutathione (GSH) has multiple physiological functions. Female mice lacking the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM), the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, have decreased GSH concentrations, ovarian oxidative stress, preimplantation embryonic mortality, and accelerated age-related decline in ovarian follicles. We hypothesized that supplementation with thiol antioxidants, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), or α-lipoic acid (ALA) will rescue this phenotype. Gclm-/- and Gclm+/+ females received 0 or 80 mM NAC in drinking water from postnatal day (PND) 21-30; follicle growth was induced with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) on PND 27, followed by an ovulatory dose of human CG and mating with a wild type male on PND 29 and zygote harvest 20 h after hCG. N-acetyl cysteine supplementation failed to rescue the low rate of second pronucleus formation in zygotes from Gclm-/- versus Gclm+/+ females. In the second study, Gclm-/- and Gclm+/+ females received diet containing 0, 150, or 600 mg/kg ALA beginning at weaning and were mated with wild type males from 8 to 20 weeks of age. α-Lipoic acid failed to rescue the decreased offspring production of Gclm-/- females. However, 150 mg/kg diet ALA partially rescued the accelerated decline in primordial follicles, as well as the increased recruitment of follicles into the growing pool and the increased percentages of follicles with γH2AX positive oocytes or granulosa cells of Gclm-/- females. We conclude that ovarian oxidative stress is the cause of accelerated primordial follicle decline, while GSH deficiency per se may be responsible for preimplantation embryonic mortality in Gclm-/- females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhwan Lim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Samiha Ali
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lisa S Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Emily S Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Laura Ortiz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Samantha Reshel
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ulrike Luderer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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11
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The Scientific and Cultural Journey to Ovarian Rejuvenation: Background, Barriers, and Beyond the Biological Clock. MEDICINES 2021; 8:medicines8060029. [PMID: 34201170 PMCID: PMC8228162 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8060029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Female age has been known to define reproductive outcome since antiquity; attempts to improve ovarian function may be considered against a sociocultural landscape that foreshadows current practice. Ancient writs heralded the unlikely event of an older woman conceiving as nothing less than miraculous. Always deeply personal and sometimes dynastically pivotal, the goal of achieving pregnancy often engaged elite healers or revered clerics for help. The sorrow of defeat became a potent motif of barrenness or miscarriage lamented in art, music, and literature. Less well known is that rejuvenation practices from the 1900s were not confined to gynecology, as older men also eagerly pursued methods to turn back their biological clock. This interest coalesced within the nascent field of endocrinology, then an emerging specialty. The modern era of molecular science is now offering proof-of-concept evidence to address the once intractable problem of low or absent ovarian reserve. Yet, ovarian rejuvenation by platelet-rich plasma (PRP) originates from a heritage shared with both hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and sex reassignment surgery. These therapeutic ancestors later developed into allied, but now distinct, clinical fields. Here, current iterations of intraovarian PRP are discussed with historical and cultural precursors centering on cell and tissue regenerative effects. Intraovarian PRP thus shows promise for women in menopause as an alternative to conventional HRT, and to those seeking pregnancy—either with advanced reproductive technologies or as unassisted conceptions.
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12
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Malott KF, Luderer U. Toxicant effects on mammalian oocyte mitochondria†. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:784-793. [PMID: 33412584 PMCID: PMC8023417 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte mitochondria are unique organelles that establish a founder population in primordial germ cells (PGCs). As the oocyte matures in the postnatal mammalian ovary during folliculogenesis it increases exponentially in volume, and the oocyte mitochondria population proliferates to about 100 000 mitochondria per healthy, mature murine oocyte. The health of the mature oocyte and subsequent embryo is highly dependent on the oocyte mitochondria. Mitochondria are especially sensitive to toxic insults, as they are a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), they contain their own DNA (mtDNA) that is unprotected by histone proteins, they contain the electron transport chain that uses electron donors, including oxygen, to generate ATP, and they are important sensors for overall cellular stress. Here we review the effects that toxic insults including chemotherapeutics, toxic metals, plasticizers, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and ionizing radiation can have on oocyte mitochondria. This is very clearly a burgeoning field, as our understanding of oocyte mitochondria and metabolism is still relatively new, and we contend much more research is needed to understand the detrimental impacts of exposure to toxicants on oocyte mitochondria. Developing this field further can benefit our understanding of assisted reproductive technologies and the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli F Malott
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine CA 92617, USA
| | - Ulrike Luderer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine CA 92617, USA
- Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine CA 92617, USA
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13
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Wasti S, Sah N, Kuehu DL, Kim YS, Jha R, Mishra B. Expression of follistatin is associated with egg formation in the oviduct of laying hens. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13396. [PMID: 32468659 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the expression profiles of follistatin (FST) and its associated molecules (MSTN, INHA, INHBB, INHBA, ACVR2A, and ACVR2B) in the oviduct of laying hens at 3 hr and 20 hr post-ovulation (p.o., n = 5; 35 weeks old), molting (n = 5; 60 weeks old), and non-laying (n = 4; 35-60 weeks old) hens and also to localize the FST by using immunohistochemistry assay. Expression of FST was significantly higher (p < .05), and MSTN was lower in the uterus of laying hens around 15-20 hr p.o. (during eggshell formation), however, their expressions in the magnum remain unchanged across different physiological stages of hens. FST was mainly expressed in the luminal and glandular epithelium of the uterine tissues, and their expression intensity was highest in laying hens during the eggshell mineralization. There was a relatively increased expression of INHA in the magnum of laying hens around 3 hr p.o. as compared to non-laying and molting hens. At the same time (3 hr p.o.), there was a significant (p < .05) decrease in the expression of the INHBB, ACVR2A, and ACV2B. These results indicate that follistatin may regulate the differentiation of uterine luminal and glandular epithelium during eggshell biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Wasti
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Nirvay Sah
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Donna L Kuehu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Yong S Kim
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Rajesh Jha
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Birendra Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Edmondson EF, Gatti DM, Ray FA, Garcia EL, Fallgren CM, Kamstock DA, Weil MM. Genomic mapping in outbred mice reveals overlap in genetic susceptibility for HZE ion- and γ-ray-induced tumors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax5940. [PMID: 32494593 PMCID: PMC7159905 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax5940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer risk from galactic cosmic radiation exposure is considered a potential "showstopper" for a manned mission to Mars. Calculating the actual risks confronted by spaceflight crews is complicated by our limited understanding of the carcinogenic effects of high-charge, high-energy (HZE) ions, a radiation type for which no human exposure data exist. Using a mouse model of genetic diversity, we find that the histotype spectrum of HZE ion-induced tumors is similar to the spectra of spontaneous and γ-ray-induced tumors and that the genomic loci controlling susceptibilities overlap between groups for some tumor types. Where it occurs, this overlap indicates shared tumorigenesis mechanisms regardless of the type of radiation exposure and supports the use of human epidemiological data from γ-ray exposures to predict cancer risks from galactic cosmic rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. F. Edmondson
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - D. M. Gatti
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - F. A. Ray
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - E. L. Garcia
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | | | - M. M. Weil
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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15
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Hashem KS, Elkelawy AMMH, Abd-Allah S, Helmy NA. Involvement of Mfn2, Bcl2/Bax signaling and mitochondrial viability in the potential protective effect of Royal jelly against mitochondria-mediated ovarian apoptosis by cisplatin in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:515-526. [PMID: 32489567 PMCID: PMC7239429 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.40401.9563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to assess cisplatin-mediated ovarian apoptosis in a rat model by Royal jelly (RJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty female adult albino rats (180-200 g) were divided into three groups (n=10): saline (0.9% NaCl, IP) was given to the control group, the cisplatin group: received (5 mg/kg/once a week IP) for 5 successive weeks, the RJ+Cis. group: received RJ (100 mg/kg/ day PO daily), and Cisplatin (5 mg/kg/once per week IP) for 5 successive weeks. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed and their ovaries were isolated and used for biochemical analysis, molecular investigations and morphometric assessment as well as histological study. Moreover, blood samples were collected for determination of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), Estradiol, progesterone and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH). RESULTS The current study clarified that RJ given to rats prior to cisplatin significantly increased the ovarian and uterine weights, in addition to follicular count at P˂0.05 compared to rats injected only with cisplatin. Moreover, it restored normal ovarian histological structure with a concurrent reduction in FSH, and LH levels, and increased AMH and ovarian hormone concentrations at P˂0.05 compared to cisplatin group. Also, RJ decreased the ovarian antioxidant/oxidative imbalance harmonized with significant suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and increase of quinone oxidoreductase 1 mRNA expression at P˂0.05 compared to cisplatin group. CONCLUSION We concluded that RJ could alleviate mitochondrial-induced ovarian apoptosis caused by cisplatin via increasing anti-apoptotic Bcl2, and diminishing pro-apoptotic Bax with a concomitant increase of Mfn2 mRNA and protein expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid S. Hashem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Saber Abd-Allah
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Nermeen A. Helmy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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16
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Guo Y, Wang W, Chen Y, Sun Y, Li Y, Guan F, Shen Q, Guo Y, Zhang W. Continuous gibberellin A3 exposure from weaning to sexual maturity induces ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis by activating Fas-mediated death receptor signaling pathways and changing methylation patterns on caspase-3 gene promoters. Toxicol Lett 2020; 319:175-186. [PMID: 31733319 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Information on the effects of gibberellic acid (gibberellin A3, GA3) on ovarian follicle development is limited. In our present study, 21-day-old female Wistar rats were exposed to GA3 by gavage (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight, once per day) for eight weeks to evaluate the influence of GA3 on ovarian follicle development. After treatment, significant (P < 0.05) increases (to 40.17 % and 44.5 %, respectively) in atretic follicle proportions and significant decreases (to 19.49 % and 17.86 %, respectively) in corpus luteum proportions were observed in the 50 and 100 mg/kg treatment groups compared to the control group. Significant (P < 0.05) increases (to 31.3 % and 42.0 %, respectively) in follicle apoptosis were observed in the 50 and 100 mg/kg treatment groups by transmission electron microscopy and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Significantly increased expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and Fas was observed by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) revealed obviously decreased total methylation percentages of the caspase-3 promoter region in the two treatment groups. Real-time quantitative PCR also showed significantly decreased mRNA expression of DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) 3a and Dnmt3b. Further in vitro studies showed that a DNA methylation inhibitor could enhance the GA3-induced increase in the mRNA expression of caspase-3. Overall, our present study indicates that GA3 administration from weaning until sexual maturity can affect ovarian follicle development by inducing apoptosis and suggests that signaling through the Fas-mediated apoptotic pathway may be an important underlying mechanism of this apoptosis. In addition, GA3-induced aberrant DNA methylation patterns might be partly responsible for upregulation of caspase-3 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Guo
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Yiqin Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fangyuan Guan
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yiruo Guo
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenchang Zhang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Abstract
Extended travel in deep space poses potential hazards to the reproductive function of female and male astronauts, including exposure to cosmic radiation, microgravity, increased gravity (hypergravity), psychological stress, physical stress and circadian rhythm disruptions. This Review focuses on the effects of microgravity, hypergravity and cosmic radiation. Cosmic radiation contains protons, helium nuclei and high charge and energy (HZE) particles. Studies performed on Earth in which rodents were exposed to experimentally generated HZE particles have demonstrated a high sensitivity of ovarian follicles and spermatogenic cells to HZE particles. Exposure to microgravity during space flight and to simulated microgravity on Earth disrupts spermatogenesis and testicular testosterone synthesis in rodents, whereas the male reproductive system seems to adapt to exposure to moderate hypergravity. A few studies have investigated the effects of microgravity on female reproduction, with findings of disrupted oestrous cycling and in vitro follicle development being cause for concern. Many remaining data gaps need to be addressed, including the effects of microgravity, hypergravity and space radiation on the male and female reproductive tracts, hypothalamic-pituitary regulation of reproduction and prenatal development of the reproductive system as well as the combined effects of the multiple reproductive hazards encountered in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birendra Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ulrike Luderer
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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18
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Hassan S, Bhatti J, Poulos C, Mahmoud A, Mohammed TO, Hoenig LJ. Celestial effects on the skin. Clin Dermatol 2019; 38:485-488. [PMID: 32972607 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many factors affect the health and physiology of human skin, with some of them arising from outer space. This contribution explores four celestial influences on the skin: (1) the sun's ultraviolet light, which has both beneficial and deleterious dermatologic effects, (2) meteorite injuries, (3) possible lunar effects on the body's health, and (4) cosmic radiation as a risk factor for skin cancer and pregnancy-related complications. Some of these extraterrestrial influences on skin health have taken on added significance as human beings increasingly spend more time at higher altitudes in aircraft, spaceships, and space stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzeb Hassan
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Junaid Bhatti
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christian Poulos
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ali Mahmoud
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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19
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Tan R, He Y, Zhang S, Pu D, Wu J. Effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on protecting against radiotherapy- induced ovarian damage in mice. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:65. [PMID: 31324205 PMCID: PMC6642573 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by early loss of ovarian function that affects women before the age of 40. We aim to explore the protective effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) against irradiation-induced ovarian damage in mice. Methods C57BL6 mice were randomly divided into control and irradiation (IR) groups. Then, control group was divided into two treatment subgroups: mock TEAS treatment (control-) and TEAS treatment (control+). IR group was divided into four subgroups according to the time of treatment started: mock TEAS treatment initiated at 2 days after irradiation (IR 2D-), TEAS treatment initiated at 2 days after irradiation (IR 2D+), mock TEAS treatment initiated at 1 week after irradiation (IR 1 W-), and TEAS treatment initiated at 1 week after irradiation (IR 1 W+). The radiation model mice were exposed to single whole body X-ray irradiation (4 Gy), and the control mice received 0 Gy. TEAS stimulation (2 Hz, 1 mA, 30 min/day) was given once a day for six consecutive days per week for 2 weeks. Estrous cycle, ovarian weight, serum AMH level and follicle counts were evaluated. Then, proliferation markers, apoptotic markers and oxidative stress markers were examined. Results Compared with the control group, the estrous cycle was disordered, and the ovarian weight, serum AMH, and primordial, primary and secondary follicles counts decreased (all P < 0.01) in the IR 2D- and IR 1 W- groups. In the irradiation with early TEAS treatment group (IR 2D+), the estrous cycle improved, the AMH level and primordial follicular significantly increased compared to the irradiation with mock group (IR 2D-). However, there were no significant differences in the estrous cycle, AMH level and follicle counts between IR 1 W- and IR 1 W+ groups. Moreover, IR 2D+ mice reduced the expression of Bax protein and increased the levels of Bcl-2 and PCNA compared to the IR 2D- group. Furthermore, the early TEAS treated mice showed significantly lower levels of oxidative stress and number of TUNEL (+) granulosa cells than that in the IR 2D- group. Conclusion This study is first to evaluate TEAS as a potential therapy to attenuate irradiation-induced ovarian failure through inhibiting primordial follicles loss, increasing serum AMH secretion, inducing antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Suyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Danhua Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Chandra A, Park SS, Pignolo RJ. Potential role of senescence in radiation-induced damage of the aged skeleton. Bone 2019; 120:423-431. [PMID: 30543989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human aging-related changes are exacerbated in cases of disease and cancer, and conversely aging is a catalyst for the occurrence of disease and multimorbidity. For example, old age is the most significant risk factor for cancer and among people who suffer from cancer, >60% are above the age of 65. Oxidative stress and DNA damage, leading to genomic instability and telomere dysfunction, are prevalent in aging and radiation-induced damage and are major cellular events that lead to senescence. Human exposures from nuclear fallout, cosmic radiation and clinical radiotherapy (RT) are some common sources of irradiation that affect bone tissue. RT has been used to treat malignant tumors for over a century, but the effects of radiation damage on tumor-adjacent normal tissue has largely been overlooked. There is an increase in the percent survivorship among patients post-RT, and it is in older survivors where the deleterious synergy between aging and radiation exposure conspires to promote tissue deterioration and dysfunction which then negatively impacts their quality of life. Thus, an aging skeleton is already pre-disposed to architectural deterioration, which is further worsened by radiation-induced bone damage. Effects of senescence and the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) have been implicated in age-associated bone loss, but their roles in radiation-associated bone damage are still elusive. RT is used in treatment for a variety of cancers and in different anatomical locations, the sequelae of which include long-term morbidity and lifelong discomfort. Therefore, consideration of the growing evidence that implicates the role of senescence in radiation-induced bone damage argues in favor of exploiting current senotherapeutic approaches as a possible prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chandra
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Sean S Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert J Pignolo
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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21
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Akino N, Wada-Hiraike O, Isono W, Terao H, Honjo H, Miyamoto Y, Tanikawa M, Sone K, Hirano M, Harada M, Hirata T, Hirota Y, Koga K, Oda K, Fujii T, Osuga Y. Activation of Nrf2/Keap1 pathway by oral Dimethylfumarate administration alleviates oxidative stress and age-associated infertility might be delayed in the mouse ovary. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:23. [PMID: 30760288 PMCID: PMC6375213 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-associated infertility is a problem worldwide, and management of oxidative stress is known to be essential. Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway works as an essential defense mechanism against oxidative stress, and an oral drug Dimethylfumarate (DMF) is known to activate the pathway. METHODS We tested the hypothesis that oral DMF could alleviate oxidative stress in the ovary, resulting in salvation of age-associated infertility in a mouse model of reproductive age, and we examined the effects of DMF administration. 20 mg/kg DMF was administrated to female mice from 32 to 48 weeks, and Nrf2 levels, antioxidant levels, ovarian reserve, DNA damage, and oxidative stress were examined. RESULTS DMF administration resulted in elevated mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2, antioxidants, and telomere, and serum levels of Nrf2 and anti-mullerian hormone were also elevated. Results of TUNEL assay and Immunohistochemistry of mice ovarian tissues showed that DNA damage and oxidative stress were decreased by DMF administration, and significantly more oocytes were collected along with preservation of 60% more primordial follicles. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that DMF administration activates the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, elevate levels of antioxidants, and decrease DNA damage and oxidative stress, resulting in improved ovarian reserve in the mouse ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Akino
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138655 Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138655 Japan
| | - Wataru Isono
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138655 Japan
- 0000 0000 9239 9995grid.264706.1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University, Kawasaki, 2138507 Japan
| | - Hiromi Terao
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138655 Japan
| | - Harunori Honjo
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138655 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Miyamoto
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138655 Japan
| | - Michihiro Tanikawa
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138655 Japan
| | - Kenbun Sone
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138655 Japan
| | - Mana Hirano
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138655 Japan
| | - Miyuki Harada
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138655 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138655 Japan
| | - Yasushi Hirota
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138655 Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138655 Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138655 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138655 Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate school of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1138655 Japan
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Mishra B, Lawson GW, Ripperdan R, Ortiz L, Luderer U. Charged-Iron-Particles Found in Galactic Cosmic Rays are Potent Inducers of Epithelial Ovarian Tumors. Radiat Res 2018; 190:142-150. [PMID: 29781764 DOI: 10.1667/rr15028.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Astronauts traveling in deep space are exposed to high-charge and energy (HZE) particles from galactic cosmic rays. We have previously determined that irradiation of adult female mice with iron HZE particles induces DNA double-strand breaks, oxidative damage and apoptosis in ovarian follicles, causing premature ovarian failure. These effects occur at lower doses than with conventional photon irradiation. Ovarian failure with resultant loss of negative feedback and elevated levels of gonadotropin hormones is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer. Therefore, we hypothesized that charged-iron-particle irradiation induces ovarian tumorigenesis in mice. In this study, three-month-old female mice were exposed to 0 cGy (sham) or 50 cGy iron ions and aged to 18 months. The 50 cGy irradiated mice had increased weight gain with age and lack of estrous cycling, consistent with ovarian failure. A total of 47% and 7% of mice irradiated with 50 cGy had unilateral and bilateral ovarian tumors, respectively, whereas 14% of mice in the 0 cGy group had unilateral tumors. The tumors contained multiple tubular structures, which were lined with cells positive for the epithelial marker cytokeratin, and had few proliferating cells. In some tumors, packets of cells between the tubular structures were immunopositive for the granulosa cell marker FOXL2. Based on these findings, tumors were diagnosed as tubular adenomas or mixed tubular adenoma/granulosa cell tumors. In conclusion, charged-iron-particle-radiation induces ovarian tumors in mice, raising concerns about ovarian tumors as late sequelae of deep space travel in female astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birendra Mishra
- Departments of a Medicine.,d Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
| | - Gregory W Lawson
- e Office for Laboratory Animal Care, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7150
| | | | | | - Ulrike Luderer
- Departments of a Medicine.,b Developmental and Cell Biology.,c Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92617
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23
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Mishra B, Ripperdan R, Ortiz L, Luderer U. Very low doses of heavy oxygen ion radiation induce premature ovarian failure. Reproduction 2017; 154:123-133. [PMID: 28528322 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Astronauts are exposed to charged particles during space travel, and charged particles are also used for cancer radiotherapy. Premature ovarian failure is a well-known side effect of conventional, low linear energy transfer (LET) cancer radiotherapy, but little is known about the effects of high LET charged particles on the ovary. We hypothesized that lower LET (16.5 keV/µm) oxygen particles would be less damaging to the ovary than we previously found for iron (LET = 179 keV/µm). Adult female mice were irradiated with 0, 5, 30 or 50 cGy oxygen ions or 50 cGy oxygen plus dietary supplementation with the antioxidant alpha lipoic acid (ALA). Six-hour after irradiation, percentages of ovarian follicles immunopositive for γH2AX, a marker of DNA double strand breaks, 4-HNE, a marker of oxidative lipid damage and BBC3 (PUMA), a proapoptotic BCL-2 family protein, were dose dependently increased in irradiated mice compared to controls. One week after irradiation, numbers of primordial, primary and secondary follicles per ovary were dose dependently decreased, with complete absence of follicles in the 50 cGy groups. The ED50 for primordial follicle destruction was 4.6 cGy for oxygen compared to 27.5 cGy for iron in our previous study. Serum FSH and LH concentrations were significantly elevated in 50 cGy groups at 8 week. Supplementation with ALA mitigated the early effects, but not the ultimate depletion of ovarian follicles. In conclusion, oxygen charged particles are even more potent inducers of ovarian follicle depletion than charged iron particles, raising concern for premature ovarian failure in astronauts exposed to both particles during space travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birendra Mishra
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Human NutritionFood and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Ryan Ripperdan
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Laura Ortiz
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ulrike Luderer
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA .,Department of Developmental and Cell BiologyUniversity of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Program in Public HealthUniversity of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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24
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Li Y, Liu H, Sun J, Tian Y, Li C. Effect of melatonin on the peripheral T lymphocyte cell cycle and levels of reactive oxygen species in patients with premature ovarian failure. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3589-3594. [PMID: 28105091 PMCID: PMC5228535 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to observe the curative effect and mechanism of melatonin for suppression of premature ovarian failure (POF). From December 2014 to June 2015, 128 patients were consecutively diagnosed with POF in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. The patients were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received melatonin tablets (1–3 mg/day), while the control group received placebo tablets. The levels of six sex hormones, percentage of T lymphocytes in the G1/M phase, and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined at four different time-points (1 day before treatment, and at 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment) in both groups. After 6 months of treatment, the levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of ROS in plasma were significantly decreased in the experimental group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the levels of melatonin in peripheral blood were negatively related with the levels of ROS (rs=−0.481, P<0.05). One-year follow-up study showed that the normal excretion of ovarian hormones in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, treatment with melatonin is an effective approach to suppress POF. The potential mechanism of melatonin is inhibition of ROS production and protection of the process of normal follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Li
- Department of Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Yipeng Tian
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Changzhong Li
- Department of Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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