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Capella-Monsonís H, Crum RJ, Hussey GS, Badylak SF. Advances, challenges, and future directions in the clinical translation of ECM biomaterials for regenerative medicine applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 211:115347. [PMID: 38844005 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular Matrix (ECM) scaffolds and biomaterials have been widely used for decades across a variety of diverse clinical applications and have been implanted in millions of patients worldwide. ECM-based biomaterials have been especially successful in soft tissue repair applications but their utility in other clinical applications such as for regeneration of bone or neural tissue is less well understood. The beneficial healing outcome with the use of ECM biomaterials is the result of their biocompatibility, their biophysical properties and their ability to modify cell behavior after injury. As a consequence of successful clinical outcomes, there has been motivation for the development of next-generation formulations of ECM materials ranging from hydrogels, bioinks, powders, to whole organ or tissue scaffolds. The continued development of novel ECM formulations as well as active research interest in these materials ensures a wealth of possibilities for future clinical translation and innovation in regenerative medicine. The clinical translation of next generation formulations ECM scaffolds faces predictable challenges such as manufacturing, manageable regulatory pathways, surgical implantation, and the cost required to address these challenges. The current status of ECM-based biomaterials, including clinical translation, novel formulations and therapies currently under development, and the challenges that limit clinical translation of ECM biomaterials are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Capella-Monsonís
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Viscus Biologics LLC, 2603 Miles Road, Cleveland, OH 44128, USA
| | - Raphael J Crum
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - George S Hussey
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Niro F, Fernandes S, Cassani M, Apostolico M, Oliver-De La Cruz J, Pereira-Sousa D, Pagliari S, Vinarsky V, Zdráhal Z, Potesil D, Pustka V, Pompilio G, Sommariva E, Rovina D, Maione AS, Bersanini L, Becker M, Rasponi M, Forte G. Fibrotic extracellular matrix impacts cardiomyocyte phenotype and function in an iPSC-derived isogenic model of cardiac fibrosis. Transl Res 2024; 273:58-77. [PMID: 39025226 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis occurs following insults to the myocardium and is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of non-compliant extracellular matrix (ECM), which compromises cardiomyocyte contractile activity and eventually leads to heart failure. This phenomenon is driven by the activation of cardiac fibroblasts (cFbs) to myofibroblasts and results in changes in ECM biochemical, structural and mechanical properties. The lack of predictive in vitro models of heart fibrosis has so far hampered the search for innovative treatments, as most of the cellular-based in vitro reductionist models do not take into account the leading role of ECM cues in driving the progression of the pathology. Here, we devised a single-step decellularization protocol to obtain and thoroughly characterize the biochemical and micro-mechanical properties of the ECM secreted by activated cFbs differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We activated iPSC-derived cFbs to the myofibroblast phenotype by tuning basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) signalling and confirmed that activated cells acquired key features of myofibroblast phenotype, like SMAD2/3 nuclear shuttling, the formation of aligned alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-rich stress fibres and increased focal adhesions (FAs) assembly. Next, we used Mass Spectrometry, nanoindentation, scanning electron and confocal microscopy to unveil the characteristic composition and the visco-elastic properties of the abundant, collagen-rich ECM deposited by cardiac myofibroblasts in vitro. Finally, we demonstrated that the fibrotic ECM activates mechanosensitive pathways in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, impacting on their shape, sarcomere assembly, phenotype, and calcium handling properties. We thus propose human bio-inspired decellularized matrices as animal-free, isogenic cardiomyocyte culture substrates recapitulating key pathophysiological changes occurring at the cellular level during cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Niro
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital Brno; Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Brno 62500, Czech Republic; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Soraia Fernandes
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital Brno
| | - Marco Cassani
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital Brno
| | - Monica Apostolico
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital Brno
| | - Jorge Oliver-De La Cruz
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital Brno; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Pereira-Sousa
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital Brno; Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Stefania Pagliari
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital Brno; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Vladimir Vinarsky
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital Brno
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Potesil
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Pustka
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Rovina
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Serena Maione
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Rasponi
- Department of Electronics, Informatics and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St Anne's University Hospital Brno; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, UK.
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Hao L, Khajouei F, Rodriguez J, Kim S, Lee EJA. Unlocking the Promise of Decellularized Pancreatic Tissue: A Novel Approach to Support Angiogenesis in Engineered Tissue. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:183. [PMID: 38391669 PMCID: PMC10886056 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancements in regenerative medicine have highlighted the potential of decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) as a scaffold for organ bioengineering. Although the potential of ECM in major organ systems is well-recognized, studies focusing on the angiogenic effects of pancreatic ECM are limited. This study investigates the capabilities of pancreatic ECM, particularly its role in promoting angiogenesis. Using a Triton-X-100 solution, porcine pancreas was successfully decellularized, resulting in a significant reduction in DNA content (97.1% removal) while preserving key pancreatic ECM components. A three-dimensional ECM hydrogel was then created from this decellularized tissue and used for cell culture. Biocompatibility tests demonstrated enhanced adhesion and proliferation of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells (mES-ECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in this hydrogel compared to conventional scaffolds. The angiogenic potential was evaluated through tube formation assays, wherein the cells showed superior tube formation capabilities in ECM hydrogel compared to rat tail collagen. The RT-PCR analysis further confirmed the upregulation of pro-angiogenic genes in HUVECs cultured within the ECM hydrogel. Specifically, HUVECs cultured in the ECM hydrogel exhibited a significant upregulation in the expression of MMP2, VEGF and PAR-1, compared to those cultured in collagen hydrogel or in a monolayer condition. The identification of ECM proteins, specifically PRSS2 and Decorin, further supports the efficacy of pancreatic ECM hydrogel as an angiogenic scaffold. These findings highlight the therapeutic promise of pancreatic ECM hydrogel as a candidate for vascularized tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Fariba Khajouei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Jaselin Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Soojin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Eun Jung A Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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Chen TA, Sharma D, Jia W, Ha D, Man K, Zhang J, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Kamp TJ, Zhao F. Detergent-Based Decellularization for Anisotropic Cardiac-Specific Extracellular Matrix Scaffold Generation. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:551. [PMID: 37999192 PMCID: PMC10669368 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8070551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) has become increasingly popular in tissue engineering applications due to its ability to provide tailored signals for desirable cellular responses. Anisotropic cardiac-specific ECM scaffold decellularized from human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiac fibroblasts (hiPSC-CFs) mimics the native cardiac microenvironment and provides essential biochemical and signaling cues to hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of two detergent-based decellularization methods: (1) a combination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate (EDTA + SDS) and (2) a combination of sodium deoxycholate and deoxyribonuclease (SD + DNase), in preserving the composition and bioactive substances within the aligned ECM scaffold while maximumly removing cellular components. The decellularization effects were evaluated by characterizing the ECM morphology, quantifying key structural biomacromolecules, and measuring preserved growth factors. Results showed that both treatments met the standard of cell removal (less than 50 ng/mg ECM dry weight) and substantially preserved major ECM biomacromolecules and growth factors. The EDTA + SDS treatment was more time-efficient and has been determined to be a more efficient method for generating an anisotropic ECM scaffold from aligned hiPSC-CFs. Moreover, this cardiac-specific ECM has demonstrated effectiveness in supporting the alignment of hiPSC-CMs and their expression of mature structural and functional proteins in in vitro cultures, which is crucial for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-An Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Dhavan Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Wenkai Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Donggi Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kun Man
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Yuxiao Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Timothy J. Kamp
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Kiliç KC, Yazir Y, Öztürk A, Halbutoğullari ZS, Mert S, Gacar G, Duruksu G. Investigation of impacts of decellularized heart extracellular matrix and VEGF on cardiomyogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell through Notch/Hedgehog signaling pathways. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102195. [PMID: 37573608 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Decellularization is the process to obtain natural scaffolds with tissue integrity and extracellular matrix components, and recellularization is used to produce tissue-like constructs with specific cell types. In this study, rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBM-MSCs) were cultured on decellularized heart extracellular matrix. These cells were then induced to differentiate into cardiomyogenic cells under the stimulatory effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other chemicals. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the cardiac extracellular matrix and VEGF on cardiomyogenic differentiation in the context of the Notch and Hedgehog signaling pathways. METHODS Heart samples extracted from rats were decellularized by serial application of detergent to remove cells from the tissue, and then recellularized with rBM-MSCs. The recellularized tissue matrices were then analyzed for cardiomyogenesis. Cardiomyogenic differentiation was performed on decellularized heart extracellular matrix (ECM; three-dimensional scaffolds) and culture plates (two-dimensional cell culture system) for 28 days to understand the effects of the heart extracellular matrix. In addition, differentiation was induced with and without the stimulatory effect of VEGF to understand the effect of VEGF on cardiomyogenic differentiation of rBM-MSCs. RESULTS Immunofluorescence staining showed that decellularization of the heart was performed effectively and successfully. After decellularization process, the heart extracellular matrix was completely free of cells. It was observed that rBM-MSCs transplanted onto the heart extracellular matrix remained viable and proliferated for 21 days after recellularization. The rBM-MSCs promoted cardiomyogenic differentiation in the conventional differentiation medium but were inversely affected by both VEGF and heart extracellular matrix proteins. Lower expression of connexin43 and cardiac troponin I genes was observed in cells induced by either matrix proteins or VEGF, compared to cells differentiated by chemical agents alone. CONCLUSION In this study, we investigated the effect of decellularized heart extracellular matrix and VEGF on cardiomyogenic differentiation of rBM-MSCs. On the decellularized cardiac extracellular matrix, rBM-MSCs maintained their viability by adhering to the matrix and proliferating further. The adhesion of the cells to the matrix also produced a physical stimulus that led to the formation of histological structures resembling myocardial layers. Chemical stimulation of the decellularized heart extracellular matrix and cardiomyogenic differentiation supplements resulted in increased expression of cardiomyogenic biomarkers through modulation of the Notch and Hedgehog signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Can Kiliç
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yusufhan Yazir
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Öztürk
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Zehra Seda Halbutoğullari
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Serap Mert
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Gacar
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Duruksu
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey; Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Fan Y, Lüchow M, Badria A, Hutchinson DJ, Malkoch M. Placenta Powder-Infused Thiol-Ene PEG Hydrogels as Potential Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1617-1626. [PMID: 36944137 PMCID: PMC10091351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Human placenta is a source of extracellular matrix for tissue engineering. In this study, placenta powder (PP), made from decellularized human placenta, was physically incorporated into synthetic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels via UV-initiated thiol-ene coupling (TEC). The PP-incorporated PEG hydrogels (MoDPEG+) showed tunable storage moduli ranging from 1080 ± 290 to 51,400 ± 200 Pa. The addition of PP (1, 4, or 8 wt %) within the PEG hydrogels increased the storage moduli, with the 8 wt % PP hydrogels showing the highest storage moduli. PP reduced the swelling ratios compared with the pristine hydrogels (MoDPEG). All hydrogels showed good biocompatibility in vitro toward human skin cells and murine macrophages, with cell viability above 91%. Importantly, cells could adhere and proliferate on MoDPEG+ hydrogels due to the bioactive PP, while MoDPEG hydrogels were bio-inert as cells moved away from the hydrogel or were distributed in a large cluster on the hydrogel surface. To showcase their potential use in application-driven research, the MoDPEG+ hydrogels were straightforwardly (i) 3D printed using the SLA technique and (ii) produced via high-energy visible light (HEV-TEC) to populate damaged soft-tissue or bone cavities. Taking advantage of the bioactivity of PP and the tunable physicochemical properties of the synthetic PEG hydrogels, the presented MoDPEG+ hydrogels show great promise for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmiao Fan
- Division of Coating Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mads Lüchow
- Division of Coating Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adel Badria
- Division of Coating Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel J Hutchinson
- Division of Coating Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Malkoch
- Division of Coating Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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Kawaguchi N, Nakanishi T. Animal Disease Models and Patient-iPS-Cell-Derived In Vitro Disease Models for Cardiovascular Biology-How Close to Disease? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:468. [PMID: 36979160 PMCID: PMC10045735 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Currently, zebrafish, rodents, canines, and pigs are the primary disease models used in cardiovascular research. In general, larger animals have more physiological similarities to humans, making better disease models. However, they can have restricted or limited use because they are difficult to handle and maintain. Moreover, animal welfare laws regulate the use of experimental animals. Different species have different mechanisms of disease onset. Organs in each animal species have different characteristics depending on their evolutionary history and living environment. For example, mice have higher heart rates than humans. Nonetheless, preclinical studies have used animals to evaluate the safety and efficacy of human drugs because no other complementary method exists. Hence, we need to evaluate the similarities and differences in disease mechanisms between humans and experimental animals. The translation of animal data to humans contributes to eliminating the gap between these two. In vitro disease models have been used as another alternative for human disease models since the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Human cardiomyocytes have been generated from patient-derived iPSCs, which are genetically identical to the derived patients. Researchers have attempted to develop in vivo mimicking 3D culture systems. In this review, we explore the possible uses of animal disease models, iPSC-derived in vitro disease models, humanized animals, and the recent challenges of machine learning. The combination of these methods will make disease models more similar to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Kawaguchi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Cardiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan;
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Sarmah H, Sawada A, Hwang Y, Miura A, Shimamura Y, Tanaka J, Yamada K, Mori M. Towards human organ generation using interspecies blastocyst complementation: Challenges and perspectives for therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1070560. [PMID: 36743411 PMCID: PMC9893295 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1070560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people suffer from end-stage refractory diseases. The ideal treatment option for terminally ill patients is organ transplantation. However, donor organs are in absolute shortage, and sadly, most patients die while waiting for a donor organ. To date, no technology has achieved long-term sustainable patient-derived organ generation. In this regard, emerging technologies of chimeric human organ production via blastocyst complementation (BC) holds great promise. To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanta Sarmah
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anri Sawada
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Youngmin Hwang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Akihiro Miura
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yuko Shimamura
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kazuhiko Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Munemasa Mori
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Kort-Mascort J, Flores-Torres S, Peza-Chavez O, Jang JH, Pardo LA, Tran SD, Kinsella J. Decellularized ECM hydrogels: prior use considerations, applications, and opportunities in tissue engineering and biofabrication. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:400-431. [PMID: 36484344 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01273a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Tissue development, wound healing, pathogenesis, regeneration, and homeostasis rely upon coordinated and dynamic spatial and temporal remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. ECM reorganization and normal physiological tissue function, require the establishment and maintenance of biological, chemical, and mechanical feedback mechanisms directed by cell-matrix interactions. To replicate the physical and biological environment provided by the ECM in vivo, methods have been developed to decellularize and solubilize tissues which yield organ and tissue-specific bioactive hydrogels. While these biomaterials retain several important traits of the native ECM, the decellularizing process, and subsequent sterilization, and solubilization result in fragmented, cleaved, or partially denatured macromolecules. The final product has decreased viscosity, moduli, and yield strength, when compared to the source tissue, limiting the compatibility of isolated decellularized ECM (dECM) hydrogels with fabrication methods such as extrusion bioprinting. This review describes the physical and bioactive characteristics of dECM hydrogels and their role as biomaterials for biofabrication. In this work, critical variables when selecting the appropriate tissue source and extraction methods are identified. Common manual and automated fabrication techniques compatible with dECM hydrogels are described and compared. Fabrication and post-manufacturing challenges presented by the dECM hydrogels decreased mechanical and structural stability are discussed as well as circumvention strategies. We further highlight and provide examples of the use of dECM hydrogels in tissue engineering and their role in fabricating complex in vitro 3D microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Omar Peza-Chavez
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Joyce H Jang
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | | | - Simon D Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joseph Kinsella
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Whole-Heart Tissue Engineering and Cardiac Patches: Challenges and Promises. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010106. [PMID: 36671678 PMCID: PMC9855348 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite all the advances in preventing, diagnosing, and treating cardiovascular disorders, they still account for a significant part of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The advent of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has provided novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of various diseases. Tissue engineering relies on three pillars: scaffolds, stem cells, and growth factors. Gene and cell therapy methods have been introduced as primary approaches to cardiac tissue engineering. Although the application of gene and cell therapy has resulted in improved regeneration of damaged cardiac tissue, further studies are needed to resolve their limitations, enhance their effectiveness, and translate them into the clinical setting. Scaffolds from synthetic, natural, or decellularized sources have provided desirable characteristics for the repair of cardiac tissue. Decellularized scaffolds are widely studied in heart regeneration, either as cell-free constructs or cell-seeded platforms. The application of human- or animal-derived decellularized heart patches has promoted the regeneration of heart tissue through in vivo and in vitro studies. Due to the complexity of cardiac tissue engineering, there is still a long way to go before cardiac patches or decellularized whole-heart scaffolds can be routinely used in clinical practice. This paper aims to review the decellularized whole-heart scaffolds and cardiac patches utilized in the regeneration of damaged cardiac tissue. Moreover, various decellularization methods related to these scaffolds will be discussed.
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Wang B, Qinglai T, Yang Q, Li M, Zeng S, Yang X, Xiao Z, Tong X, Lei L, Li S. Functional acellular matrix for tissue repair. Mater Today Bio 2022; 18:100530. [PMID: 36601535 PMCID: PMC9806685 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In view of their low immunogenicity, biomimetic internal environment, tissue- and organ-like physicochemical properties, and functionalization potential, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) materials attract considerable attention and are widely used in tissue engineering. This review describes the composition of extracellular matrices and their role in stem-cell differentiation, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of existing decellularization techniques, and presents methods for the functionalization and characterization of decellularized scaffolds. In addition, we discuss progress in the use of dECMs for cartilage, skin, nerve, and muscle repair and the transplantation or regeneration of different whole organs (e.g., kidneys, liver, uterus, lungs, and heart), summarize the shortcomings of using dECMs for tissue and organ repair after refunctionalization, and examine the corresponding future prospects. Thus, the present review helps to further systematize the application of functionalized dECMs in tissue/organ transplantation and keep researchers up to date on recent progress in dECM usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Tang Qinglai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Shiying Zeng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xinming Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zian Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xinying Tong
- Department of Hemodialysis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lanjie Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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Barbulescu GI, Bojin FM, Ordodi VL, Goje ID, Barbulescu AS, Paunescu V. Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering: Current Techniques and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13040. [PMID: 36361824 PMCID: PMC9658138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global mortality. Over the past two decades, researchers have tried to provide novel solutions for end-stage heart failure to address cardiac transplantation hurdles such as donor organ shortage, chronic rejection, and life-long immunosuppression. Cardiac decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has been widely explored as a promising approach in tissue-regenerative medicine because of its remarkable similarity to the original tissue. Optimized decellularization protocols combining physical, chemical, and enzymatic agents have been developed to obtain the perfect balance between cell removal, ECM composition, and function maintenance. However, proper assessment of decellularized tissue composition is still needed before clinical translation. Recellularizing the acellular scaffold with organ-specific cells and evaluating the extent of cardiomyocyte repopulation is also challenging. This review aims to discuss the existing literature on decellularized cardiac scaffolds, especially on the advantages and methods of preparation, pointing out areas for improvement. Finally, an overview of the state of research regarding the application of cardiac dECM and future challenges in bioengineering a human heart suitable for transplantation is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Ionela Barbulescu
- Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies Center (CIFBIOTEH), Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Clinical Practical Skills, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florina Maria Bojin
- Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies Center (CIFBIOTEH), Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Clinical Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu” Timisoara, Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer Timisoara-OncoGen, No 156 Liviu Rebreanu, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Valentin Laurentiu Ordodi
- Clinical Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu” Timisoara, Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer Timisoara-OncoGen, No 156 Liviu Rebreanu, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, “Politehnica” University Timisoara, No 2 Victoriei Square, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iacob Daniel Goje
- Department of Medical Semiology I, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Advanced Cardiology and Hemostaseology Research Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Severina Barbulescu
- Center for Advanced Research in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Virgil Paunescu
- Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies Center (CIFBIOTEH), Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Clinical Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu” Timisoara, Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer Timisoara-OncoGen, No 156 Liviu Rebreanu, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
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13
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Parameshwar PK, Sagrillo-Fagundes L, Azevedo Portilho N, Pastor WA, Vaillancourt C, Moraes C. Engineered models for placental toxicology: Emerging approaches based on tissue decellularization. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 112:148-159. [PMID: 35840119 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent increases in prescriptions and illegal drug use as well as exposure to environmental contaminants during pregnancy have highlighted the critical importance of placental toxicology in understanding and identifying risks to both mother and fetus. Although advantageous for basic science, current in vitro models often fail to capture the complexity of placental response, likely due to their inability to recreate and monitor aspects of the microenvironment including physical properties, mechanical forces and stiffness, protein composition, cell-cell interactions, soluble and physicochemical factors, and other exogenous cues. Tissue engineering holds great promise in addressing these challenges and provides an avenue to better understand basic biology, effects of toxic compounds and potential therapeutics. The key to success lies in effectively recreating the microenvironment. One strategy to do this would be to recreate individual components and then combine them. However, this becomes challenging due to variables present according to conditions such as tissue location, age, health status and lifestyle. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to influence cellular fate by working as a storage of factors. Decellularized ECM (dECM) is a recent tool that allows usage of the original ECM in a refurbished form, providing a relatively reliable representation of the microenvironment. This review focuses on using dECM in modified forms such as whole organs, scaffold sheets, electrospun nanofibers, hydrogels, 3D printing, and combinations as building blocks to recreate aspects of the microenvironment to address general tissue engineering and toxicology challenges, thus illustrating their potential as tools for future placental toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathalia Azevedo Portilho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - William A Pastor
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher Moraes
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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14
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Hussain MWA, Garg P, Yazji JH, Alomari M, Alamouti-fard E, Wadiwala I, Jacob S. Is a Bioengineered Heart From Recipient Tissues the Answer to the Shortage of Donors in Heart Transplantation? Cureus 2022; 14:e25329. [PMID: 35637923 PMCID: PMC9132496 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase in life expectancy worldwide, end-organ failure is becoming more prevalent. In addition, improving post-transplant outcomes has contributed to soaring demand for organs. Unfortunately, thousands have died waiting on the transplant list due to the critical shortage of organs. The success of bioengineered hearts may eventually lead to the production of limitless organs using the patient’s own cells that can be transplanted into them without the need for immunosuppressive medications. Despite being in its infancy, scientists are making tremendous strides in “growing” an artificial heart in the lab. We discuss these processes involved in bioengineering a human-compatible heart in this review. The components of a functional heart must be replicated in a bioengineered heart to make it viable. This review aims to discuss the advances that have already been made and the future challenges of bioengineering a human heart suitable for transplantation.
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15
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Zhang X, Chen X, Hong H, Hu R, Liu J, Liu C. Decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: Recent trends and emerging strategies in tissue engineering. Bioact Mater 2022; 10:15-31. [PMID: 34901526 PMCID: PMC8637010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of scaffolding materials is believed to hold enormous potential for tissue regeneration. Despite the widespread application and rapid advance of several tissue-engineered scaffolds such as natural and synthetic polymer-based scaffolds, they have limited repair capacity due to the difficulties in overcoming the immunogenicity, simulating in-vivo microenvironment, and performing mechanical or biochemical properties similar to native organs/tissues. Fortunately, the emergence of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) scaffolds provides an attractive way to overcome these hurdles, which mimic an optimal non-immune environment with native three-dimensional structures and various bioactive components. The consequent cell-seeded construct based on dECM scaffolds, especially stem cell-recellularized construct, is considered an ideal choice for regenerating functional organs/tissues. Herein, we review recent developments in dECM scaffolds and put forward perspectives accordingly, with particular focus on the concept and fabrication of decellularized scaffolds, as well as the application of decellularized scaffolds and their combinations with stem cells (recellularized scaffolds) in tissue engineering, including skin, bone, nerve, heart, along with lung, liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hua Hong
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Rubei Hu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Jiashang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
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16
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Krishnan A, Wang H, MacArthur JW. Applications of Tissue Decellularization Techniques in Ventricular Myocardial Biofabrication. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:802283. [PMID: 35265593 PMCID: PMC8899393 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.802283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death around the world, and though the advent of coronary revascularization has revolutionized its treatment, many patients who sustain ischemic injury to the heart will go on to develop heart failure. Biofabrication of ventricular myocardium for replacement of irreversibly damaged ischemic myocardium is sought after as a potential therapy for ischemic heart failure, though challenges in reliably producing this biomaterial have limited its clinical application. One method that shows promise for generation of functional myocardium is the use of tissue decellularization to serve as a scaffold for biofabrication. This review outlines the methods, materials, challenges, and prospects of tissue decellularization techniques for ventricular myocardium biofabrication. Decellularization aims to preserve the architecture and composition of the extracellular matrix of the tissue it is applied to, allowing for the subsequent implantation of stem cells of the desired cell type. Decellularization can be achieved with multiple reagents, most of which have detergent properties. A variety of cell types can be implanted in the resulting scaffold, including cardiac progenitor cells, and embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells to generate a range of tissue, from patches to beating myocardium. The future of this biofabrication method will likely emphasize patient specific tissue engineering to generate complex 3-dimensional constructs that can replace dysfunctional cardiac structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Krishnan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hanjay Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - John Ward MacArthur
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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17
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Tajima K, Yagi H, Morisaku T, Nishi K, Kushige H, Kojima H, Higashi H, Kuroda K, Kitago M, Adachi S, Natsume T, Nishimura K, Oya M, Kitagawa Y. An organ-derived extracellular matrix triggers in situ kidney regeneration in a preclinical model. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:18. [PMID: 35228532 PMCID: PMC8885654 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
It has not been considered that nephrons regenerate in adult mammals. We present that an organ-derived extracellular matrix in situ induces nephron regeneration in a preclinical model. A porcine kidney-derived extracellular matrix was sutured onto the surface of partial nephrectomy (PN)-treated kidney. Twenty-eight days after implantation, glomeruli, vessels, and renal tubules, characteristic of nephrons, were histologically observed within the matrix. No fibrillogenesis was observed in the matrix nor the matrix-sutured kidney, although this occurred in a PN kidney without the matrix, indicating the structures were newly induced by the matrix. The expression of renal progenitor markers, including Sall1, Six2, and WT-1, within the matrix supported the induction of nephron regeneration by the matrix. Furthermore, active blood flow was observed inside the matrix using computed tomography. The matrix provides structural and functional foundations for the development of cell-free scaffolds with a remarkably low risk of immune rejection and cancerization.
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18
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Hou N, Lv D, Xu X, Lu Y, Li J, Ma R, Tang Y, Zheng Y. Development of a decellularized hypopharynx with vascular pedicle scaffold for use in reconstructing hypopharynx. Artif Organs 2022; 46:1268-1280. [PMID: 35191556 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypopharynx reconstruction after hypopharyngectomy is still a great challenge. Perfusion decellularization is for extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolding and had been used in organ reconstruction. Our study aimed to prepare an acellular, natural, three-dimensional biological hypopharynx with vascular pedicle scaffold as the substitute materials to reconstruct hypopharynx. RESULT Scanning electron microscope and histology staining showed that the decellularized hypopharynx with vascular pedicle scaffold retained intact native anatomical ECM structure. Myoblasts were observed on the recellularized scaffolds with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by 5-azacytidine implanted in the rabbit greater omentum by immunohistochemical analysis. CONCLUSION The decellularized hypopharynx with vascular pedicle scaffold prepared by detergent perfusion in our study has a potential to be an alternative material to pharynx reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu City, China
| | - Die Lv
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu City, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renshou People Hospital, Chengdu City, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu City, China
| | - Yanqing Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu City, China
| | - Jingzhi Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu City, China
| | - Ruina Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu City, China
| | - Yun Zheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, China
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20
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Lunney JK, Van Goor A, Walker KE, Hailstock T, Franklin J, Dai C. Importance of the pig as a human biomedical model. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabd5758. [PMID: 34818055 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd5758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan K Lunney
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Angelica Van Goor
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Kristen E Walker
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Taylor Hailstock
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Jasmine Franklin
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Chaohui Dai
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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21
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Ahmed E, Saleh T, Xu M. Recellularization of Native Tissue Derived Acellular Scaffolds with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071787. [PMID: 34359955 PMCID: PMC8304639 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionalization of decellularized scaffolds is still challenging because of the recellularization-related limitations, including the finding of the most optimal kind of cell(s) and the best way to control their distribution within the scaffolds to generate native mimicking tissues. That is why researchers have been encouraged to study stem cells, in particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as alternative cells to repopulate and functionalize the scaffolds properly. MSCs could be obtained from various sources and have therapeutic effects on a wide range of inflammatory/degenerative diseases. Therefore, in this mini-review, we will discuss the benefits using of MSCs for recellularization, the factors affecting their efficiency, and the drawbacks that may need to be overcome to generate bioengineered transplantable organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtehal Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Tarek Saleh
- Department of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Meifeng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-513-558-4725; Fax: +1-513-558-2141
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22
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Bilirgen AC, Toker M, Odabas S, Yetisen AK, Garipcan B, Tasoglu S. Plant-Based Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:926-938. [PMID: 33591719 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of platforms has been developed for 3D culture of cells in vitro to aggregate and align cells to resemble in vivo conditions in order to enhance communication between cells and promote differentiation. The cellulose skeleton of plant tissue can serve as an attainable scaffold for mammalian cells after decellularization, which is advantageous when compared to synthetic polymers or animal-derived scaffolds. Adjustable variables to modify the physical and biochemical properties of the resulting scaffolds include the protocol for the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-based decellularization procedure, surface coatings for cell attachment, plant type for decellularization, differentiation media, and integrity and shape of the substrate. These tunable cellulose platforms can host a wide range of mammalian cell types from muscle to bone cells, as well as malignancies. Here, fundamentals and applications of decellularized plant-based scaffolds are discussed. These biocompatible, naturally perfused, tunable, and easily prepared decellularized scaffolds may allow eco-friendly manufacturing frameworks for application in tissue engineering and organs-on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melis Toker
- Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Çengelköy, Istanbul, Turkey 34684
| | - Sedat Odabas
- Interdisiplinary Research Unit for Advanced Materials (INTRAM), Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey 06560.,Department of Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey 06560
| | - Ali Kemal Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bora Garipcan
- Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Çengelköy, Istanbul, Turkey 34684
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Çengelköy, Istanbul, Turkey 34684.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey 34450.,Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey 34450.,Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey 34450.,Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey 34470
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23
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3D Scaffolds to Model the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche: Applications and Perspectives. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14030569. [PMID: 33530372 PMCID: PMC7865713 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are responsible for the production of blood and immune cells during life. HSC fate decisions are dependent on signals from specialized microenvironments in the bone marrow, termed niches. The HSC niche is a tridimensional environment that comprises cellular, chemical, and physical elements. Introductorily, we will revise the current knowledge of some relevant elements of the niche. Despite the importance of the niche in HSC function, most experimental approaches to study human HSCs use bidimensional models. Probably, this contributes to the failure in translating many in vitro findings into a clinical setting. Recreating the complexity of the bone marrow microenvironment in vitro would provide a powerful tool to achieve in vitro production of HSCs for transplantation, develop more effective therapies for hematologic malignancies and provide deeper insight into the HSC niche. We previously demonstrated that an optimized decellularization method can preserve with striking detail the ECM architecture of the bone marrow niche and support HSC culture. We will discuss the potential of this decellularized scaffold as HSC niche model. Besides decellularized scaffolds, several other methods have been reported to mimic some characteristics of the HSC niche. In this review, we will examine these models and their applications, advantages, and limitations.
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24
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Predeina AL, Dukhinova MS, Vinogradov VV. Bioreactivity of decellularized animal, plant, and fungal scaffolds: perspectives for medical applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10010-10022. [PMID: 33063072 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01751e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Numerous biomedical applications imply supportive materials to improve protective, antibacterial, and regenerative abilities upon surgical interventions, oncotherapy, regenerative medicine, and others. With the increasing variability of the possible sources, the materials of natural origin are among the safest and most accessible biomedical tools. Animal, plant, and fungal tissues can further undergo decellularization to improve their biocompatibility. Decellularized scaffolds lack the most reactive cellular material, nuclear and cytoplasmic components, that predominantly trigger immune responses. At the same time, the outstanding initial three-dimensional microarchitecture, biomechanical properties, and general composition of the scaffolds are preserved. These unique features make the scaffolds perfect ready-to-use platforms for various biomedical applications, implying cell growth and functionalization. Decellularized materials can be repopulated with various cells upon request, including epithelial, endothelial, muscle and neuronal cells, and applied for structural and functional biorepair within diverse biological sites, including the skin and musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind scaffold and host tissue interactions remain not fully understood, which significantly restricts their integration into clinical practice. In this review, we address the essential aspects of decellularization, scaffold preparation techniques, and its biochemical composition and properties, which determine the biocompatibility and immunogenicity of the materials. With the integrated evaluation of the scaffold profile in living systems, decellularized animal, plant, and fungal scaffolds have the potential to become essential instruments for safe and controllable biomedical applications.
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Dittrich A, Hansen K, Simonsen MIT, Busk M, Alstrup AKO, Lauridsen H. Intrinsic Heart Regeneration in Adult Vertebrates May be Strictly Limited to Low-Metabolic Ectotherms. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000054. [PMID: 32914411 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The heart has a high-metabolic rate, and its "around-the-clock" vital role to sustain life sets it apart in a regenerative setting from other organs and appendages. The landscape of vertebrate species known to perform intrinsic heart regeneration is strongly biased toward ectotherms-for example, fish, salamanders, and embryonic/neonatal ectothermic mammals. It is hypothesized that intrinsic heart regeneration is exclusively limited to the low-metabolic hearts of ectotherms. The biomedical field of regenerative medicine seeks to devise biologically inspired regenerative therapies to diseased human hearts. Falsification of the ectothermy dependency for heart regeneration hypothesis may be a crucial prerequisite to meaningfully seek inspiration in established ectothermic regenerative animal models. Otherwise, engineering approaches to construct artificial heart components may constitute a more viable path toward regenerative therapies. A more strict definition of regenerative phenomena is generated and several testable sub-hypotheses and experimental avenues are put forward to elucidate the link between heart regeneration and metabolism. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/fZcanaOT5z8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Dittrich
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Comparative Medicine Lab), Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | - Kasper Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Comparative Medicine Lab), Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.,Department of Biology (Zoophysiology), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.,Leicester Royal Infirmary (East Midlands Forensic Pathology Unit), University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | | | - Morten Busk
- Department of Oncology (Experimental Clinical Oncology), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.,Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Lauridsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Comparative Medicine Lab), Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
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26
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Dal Sasso E, Menabò R, Agrillo D, Arrigoni G, Franchin C, Giraudo C, Filippi A, Borile G, Ascione G, Zanella F, Fabozzo A, Motta R, Romanato F, Di Lisa F, Iop L, Gerosa G. RegenHeart: A Time-Effective, Low-Concentration, Detergent-Based Method Aiming for Conservative Decellularization of the Whole Heart Organ. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5493-5506. [PMID: 33320567 PMCID: PMC8011801 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Heart
failure is the worst outcome of all cardiovascular diseases
and still represents nowadays the leading cause of mortality with
no effective clinical treatments, apart from organ transplantation
with allogeneic or artificial substitutes. Although applied as the
gold standard, allogeneic heart transplantation cannot be considered
a permanent clinical answer because of several drawbacks, as the side
effects of administered immunosuppressive therapies. For the increasing
number of heart failure patients, a biological cardiac substitute
based on a decellularized organ and autologous cells might be the
lifelong, biocompatible solution free from the need for immunosuppression
regimen. A novel decellularization method is here proposed and tested
on rat hearts in order to reduce the concentration and incubation
time with cytotoxic detergents needed to render acellular these organs.
By protease inhibition, antioxidation, and excitation–contraction
uncoupling in simultaneous perfusion/submersion modality, a strongly
limited exposure to detergents was sufficient to generate very well-preserved
acellular hearts with unaltered extracellular matrix macro- and microarchitecture,
as well as bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Dal Sasso
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Roberta Menabò
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Padua 35127, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy
| | - Davide Agrillo
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy
| | - Cinzia Franchin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy
| | - Chiara Giraudo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy.,L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Andrea Filippi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy 'G. Galilei', University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy.,Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento 38123, Italy.,Institute of Pediatric Research 'Città della Speranza', Padua 35127, Italy
| | - Giulia Borile
- Department of Physics and Astronomy 'G. Galilei', University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy.,Institute of Pediatric Research 'Città della Speranza', Padua 35127, Italy
| | - Guido Ascione
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Fabio Zanella
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Assunta Fabozzo
- L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padua 35128, Italy.,Cardiac Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Raffaella Motta
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padua 35128, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy 'G. Galilei', University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy.,Institute of Pediatric Research 'Città della Speranza', Padua 35127, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Padua 35127, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy
| | - Laura Iop
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy.,L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Gino Gerosa
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy.,L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padua 35128, Italy.,Cardiac Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
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27
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Gelatin Promotes Cell Retention Within Decellularized Heart Extracellular Matrix Vasculature and Parenchyma. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:633-645. [PMID: 33281992 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recellularization of organ decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) offers a potential solution for organ shortage in allograft transplantation. Cell retention rates have ranged from 10 to 54% in varying approaches for reseeding cells in whole organ dECM scaffolds. We aimed to improve recellularization by using soluble gelatin as a cell carrier to deliver endothelial cells to the coronary vasculature and cardiomyocytes to the parenchyma in a whole decellularized rat heart. Methods Rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) were perfused over decellularized porcine aorta in low (1%) and high (5%) concentrations of gelatin to assess attachment to a vascular dECM model. After establishing cell viability and proliferation in 1% gelatin, we used 1% gelatin as a carrier to deliver RAECs and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) to decellularized adult rat hearts. Immediate cell retention in the matrix was quantified, and recellularized hearts were evaluated for visible contractions up to 35 days after recellularization. Results We demonstrated that gelatin increased RAEC attachment to decellularized porcine aorta; blocking integrin receptors reversed this effect. In the whole rat heart gelatin (1%) increased retention of both RAECs and NRCMs respectively, compared with the control group (no gelatin). Gelatin was associated with visible contractions of NRCMs within hearts (87% with gelatin vs. 13% control). Conclusions Gelatin was an effective cell carrier for increasing cell retention and contraction in dECM. The gelatin-cell-ECM interactions likely mediated by integrin.
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Contessi Negrini N, Toffoletto N, Farè S, Altomare L. Plant Tissues as 3D Natural Scaffolds for Adipose, Bone and Tendon Tissue Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:723. [PMID: 32714912 PMCID: PMC7344190 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Decellularized tissues are a valid alternative as tissue engineering scaffolds, thanks to the three-dimensional structure that mimics native tissues to be regenerated and the biomimetic microenvironment for cells and tissues growth. Despite decellularized animal tissues have long been used, plant tissue decellularized scaffolds might overcome availability issues, high costs and ethical concerns related to the use of animal sources. The wide range of features covered by different plants offers a unique opportunity for the development of tissue-specific scaffolds, depending on the morphological, physical and mechanical peculiarities of each plant. Herein, three different plant tissues (i.e., apple, carrot, and celery) were decellularized and, according to their peculiar properties (i.e., porosity, mechanical properties), addressed to regeneration of adipose tissue, bone tissue and tendons, respectively. Decellularized apple, carrot and celery maintained their porous structure, with pores ranging from 70 to 420 μm, depending on the plant source, and were stable in PBS at 37°C up to 7 weeks. Different mechanical properties (i.e., Eapple = 4 kPa, Ecarrot = 43 kPa, Ecelery = 590 kPa) were measured and no indirect cytotoxic effects were demonstrated in vitro after plants decellularization. After coating with poly-L-lysine, apples supported 3T3-L1 preadipocytes adhesion, proliferation and adipogenic differentiation; carrots supported MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation; celery supported L929 cells adhesion, proliferation and guided anisotropic cells orientation. The versatile features of decellularized plant tissues and their potential for the regeneration of different tissues are proved in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Contessi Negrini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Local Unit Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Toffoletto
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Local Unit Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Farè
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Local Unit Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lina Altomare
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Local Unit Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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29
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Wang X, Shi H, Zhou J, Zou Q, Zhang Q, Gou S, Chen P, Mou L, Fan N, Suo Y, Ouyang Z, Lai C, Yan Q, Lai L. Generation of rat blood vasculature and hematopoietic cells in rat-mouse chimeras by blastocyst complementation. J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:249-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tajima K, Kuroda K, Otaka Y, Kinoshita R, Kita M, Oyamada T, Kanai K. Decellularization of canine kidney for three-dimensional organ regeneration. Vet World 2020; 13:452-457. [PMID: 32367949 PMCID: PMC7183470 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.452-457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Kidney regeneration is required for dogs with end-stage renal failure. Decellularization is one of the bioengineering techniques, which involves the removal of all tissue cells and cellular components and conservation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Studies in rats have shown that decellularized kidney has regenerative potential; however, there are no reports on renal decellularization in dogs. Here, we showed the decellularization of the canine kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS The renal artery of the cadaveric canine kidney was cannulated and the whole kidney was frozen at -80°C. After completely thawing, it was perfused with physiological saline and sodium dodecyl sulfate (0.5%, 6 h) through the cannulated renal artery to achieve decellularization. To assess the efficiency of the decellularization protocol, histological and immunohistochemical analysis of decellularized kidney was performed. RESULTS The results of hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining revealed that the decellularized canine kidney had no apparent cellular components. In addition, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining showed no visible nuclear components within the whole decellularized kidney. Therefore, both H and E and DAPI staining showed decellularization of the canine kidney. Our decellularization protocol also preserved the basement membrane of glomerulus, shown by periodic acid methenamine silver, periodic acid-Schiff, fibronectin, and collagen type IV stain. CONCLUSION Our decellularization protocol could eliminate cellular components and remaining native ECM structures of canine kidney. These results could promote further research into canine kidney regeneration, which may be the first small step to regenerate the canine kidney waiting for renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Tajima
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Kohei Kuroda
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Yuya Otaka
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Rie Kinoshita
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kita
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Oyamada
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kanai
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
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31
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García-Gareta E, Abduldaiem Y, Sawadkar P, Kyriakidis C, Lali F, Greco KV. Decellularised scaffolds: just a framework? Current knowledge and future directions. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420942903. [PMID: 32742632 PMCID: PMC7376382 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420942903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of decellularised matrices as scaffolds offers the advantage of great similarity with the tissue to be replaced. Moreover, decellularised tissues and organs can be repopulated with the patient's own cells to produce bespoke therapies. Great progress has been made in research and development of decellularised scaffolds, and more recently, these materials are being used in exciting new areas like hydrogels and bioinks. However, much effort is still needed towards preserving the original extracellular matrix composition, especially its minor components, assessing its functionality and scaling up for large tissues and organs. Emphasis should also be placed on developing new decellularisation methods and establishing minimal criteria for assessing the success of the decellularisation process. The aim of this review is to critically review the existing literature on decellularised scaffolds, especially on the preparation of these matrices, and point out areas for improvement, finishing with alternative uses of decellularised scaffolds other than tissue and organ reconstruction. Such uses include three-dimensional ex vivo platforms for idiopathic diseases and cancer modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena García-Gareta
- The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park
and Saint Mark’s Hospital, London, UK
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The
RAFT Institute and The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park and Saint Mark’s Hospital,
London, UK
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue
Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yousef Abduldaiem
- The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park
and Saint Mark’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Prasad Sawadkar
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The
RAFT Institute and The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park and Saint Mark’s Hospital,
London, UK
| | - Christos Kyriakidis
- The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park
and Saint Mark’s Hospital, London, UK
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The
RAFT Institute and The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park and Saint Mark’s Hospital,
London, UK
| | - Ferdinand Lali
- The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park
and Saint Mark’s Hospital, London, UK
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Generation of a large-scale vascular bed for the in vitro creation of three-dimensional cardiac tissue. Regen Ther 2019; 11:316-323. [PMID: 31687425 PMCID: PMC6818334 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The definitive treatment for severe heart failure is transplantation. However, only a small number of heart transplants are performed each year due to donor shortages. Therefore, novel treatment approaches based on artificial organs or regenerative therapy are being developed as alternatives. We have developed a technology known as cell sheet-based tissue engineering that enables the fabrication of functional three-dimensional (3D) tissue. Here, we report a new technique for engineering human cardiac tissue with perfusable blood vessels. Our method involved the layering of cardiac cell sheets derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) on a vascular bed derived from porcine small intestinal tissue. Methods For the vascular bed, a segment of porcine small intestine was harvested together with a branch of the superior mesenteric artery and a branch of the superior mesenteric vein. The small intestinal tissue was incised longitudinally, and the mucosa was resected. Human cardiomyocytes derived from hiPSCs were co-cultured with endothelial cells and fibroblasts on a temperature-responsive dish and harvested as a cardiac cell sheet. A triple-layer of cardiac cell sheets was placed onto the vascular bed, and the resulting construct was subjected to perfusion culture in a bioreactor system. Results The cardiac tissue on the vascular bed pulsated spontaneously and synchronously after one day of perfusion culture. Electrophysiological recordings revealed regular action potentials and a beating rate of 105 ± 13/min (n = 8). Furthermore, immunostaining experiments detected partial connection of the blood vessels between the vascular bed and cardiac cell sheets. Conclusions We succeeded in engineering spontaneously beating 3D cardiac tissue in vitro using human cardiac cell sheets and a vascular bed derived from porcine small intestine. Further development of this method might allow the fabrication of functional cardiac tissue that could be used in the treatment of severe heart failure.
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Key Words
- 3D, three-dimensional
- Angiogenesis
- Cardiac cell sheet
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- HE, hematoxylin/eosin
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- NHDFs, normal human dermal fibroblasts
- PERV, porcine endogenous retrovirus
- Perfusion culture
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- Vascular bed
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cells
- hiPSCs
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Akbarzadeh A, Khorramirouz R, Ghorbani F, Beigi RSH, Hashemi J, Kajbafzadeh AM. Preparation and characterization of human size whole heart for organ engineering: scaffold microangiographic imaging. Regen Med 2019; 14:939-954. [PMID: 31592738 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Definitive treatment for end-stage heart failure is heart transplantation, however, this is associated with several limitations. Aim: We decellularized and assessed ovine hearts through coronary perfusion. To evaluate in situ recellularization, a decellular graft was transplanted hetrotopically into the omental wrap. Results: Cell removal was confirmed by DNA count (11.68 ± 3.42 ng/mg dry weight). Elastic, reticular and collagen fiber were well preserved. There was a slight change in both glycosaminoglycan (7.01 ± 1.36 to 8.37 ± 0.32 μg/mg) and collagen (32.37 ± 2.3 to 36.31 ± 2.1) μg/mg (p > 0.05). Angiography and blood circulation revealed an intact vascular network. Implantation led to proper vascularization. Image J indicated CD31: 23.98 ± 12.3; CD34: 48.67 ± 19.5 and αSMA: 78.33 ± 27.8 inch/cm. Conclusion: Bio-scaffold of human size heart is achievable for future steps employing this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Akbarzadeh
- Pediatric Urology & Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering & Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khorramirouz
- Pediatric Urology & Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering & Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Ghorbani
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center (TDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis & Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Seyyed Hossein Beigi
- Pediatric Urology & Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering & Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Hashemi
- Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan, University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Pediatric Urology & Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering & Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang Z, Mithieux SM, Weiss AS. Fabrication Techniques for Vascular and Vascularized Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900742. [PMID: 31402593 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Impaired or damaged blood vessels can occur at all levels in the hierarchy of vascular systems from large vasculatures such as arteries and veins to meso- and microvasculatures such as arterioles, venules, and capillary networks. Vascular tissue engineering has become a promising approach for fabricating small-diameter vascular grafts for occlusive arteries. Vascularized tissue engineering aims to fabricate meso- and microvasculatures for the prevascularization of engineered tissues and organs. The ideal small-diameter vascular graft is biocompatible, bridgeable, and mechanically robust to maintain patency while promoting tissue remodeling. The desirable fabricated meso- and microvasculatures should rapidly integrate with the host blood vessels and allow nutrient and waste exchange throughout the construct after implantation. A number of techniques used, including engineering-based and cell-based approaches, to fabricate these synthetic vasculatures are herein explored, as well as the techniques developed to fabricate hierarchical structures that comprise multiple levels of vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Suzanne M. Mithieux
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Anthony S. Weiss
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Bosch Institute University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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35
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Forte E, Furtado MB, Rosenthal N. The interstitium in cardiac repair: role of the immune-stromal cell interplay. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 15:601-616. [PMID: 30181596 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac regeneration, that is, restoration of the original structure and function in a damaged heart, differs from tissue repair, in which collagen deposition and scar formation often lead to functional impairment. In both scenarios, the early-onset inflammatory response is essential to clear damaged cardiac cells and initiate organ repair, but the quality and extent of the immune response vary. Immune cells embedded in the damaged heart tissue sense and modulate inflammation through a dynamic interplay with stromal cells in the cardiac interstitium, which either leads to recapitulation of cardiac morphology by rebuilding functional scaffolds to support muscle regrowth in regenerative organisms or fails to resolve the inflammatory response and produces fibrotic scar tissue in adult mammals. Current investigation into the mechanistic basis of homeostasis and restoration of cardiac function has increasingly shifted focus away from stem cell-mediated cardiac repair towards a dynamic interplay of cells composing the less-studied interstitial compartment of the heart, offering unexpected insights into the immunoregulatory functions of cardiac interstitial components and the complex network of cell interactions that must be considered for clinical intervention in heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadia Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA. .,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, London, UK.
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36
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Inaba Y, Yagi H, Kuroda K, Kato J, Kawai Y, Kasai M, Kitahara H, Ito T, Osako M, Kitagawa Y, Shimizu H. Transplantation of a decellularized mitral valve complex in pigs. Surg Today 2019; 50:298-306. [DOI: 10.1007/s00595-019-01869-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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37
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KC P, Hong Y, Zhang G. Cardiac tissue-derived extracellular matrix scaffolds for myocardial repair: advantages and challenges. Regen Biomater 2019; 6:185-199. [PMID: 31404421 PMCID: PMC6683951 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) derived from myocardium has been widely explored as a nature scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering applications. Cardiac dECM offers many unique advantages such as preservation of organ-specific ECM microstructure and composition, demonstration of tissue-mimetic mechanical properties and retention of biochemical cues in favor of subsequent recellularization. However, current processes of dECM decellularization and recellularization still face many challenges including the need for balance between cell removal and extracellular matrix preservation, efficient recellularization of dECM for obtaining homogenous cell distribution, tailoring material properties of dECM for enhancing bioactivity and prevascularization of thick dECM. This review summarizes the recent progresses of using dECM scaffold for cardiac repair and discusses its major advantages and challenges for producing biomimetic cardiac patch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan KC
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Olson Research Center, Room 301L, 260 S Forge Street, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Blvd, Room 240, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Olson Research Center, Room 301L, 260 S Forge Street, Akron, OH, USA
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Lee E, Kim HJ, Shaker MR, Ryu JR, Ham MS, Seo SH, Kim DH, Lee K, Jung N, Choe Y, Son GH, Rhyu IJ, Kim H, Sun W. High-Performance Acellular Tissue Scaffold Combined with Hydrogel Polymers for Regenerative Medicine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3462-3474. [PMID: 33405730 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Decellularization of tissues provides extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds for regeneration therapy and an experimental model to understand ECM and cellular interactions. However, decellularization often causes microstructure disintegration and reduction of physical strength, which greatly limits the use of this technique in soft organs or in applications that require maintenance of physical strength. Here, we present a new tissue decellularization procedure, namely CASPER (Clinically and Experimentally Applicable Acellular Tissue Scaffold Production for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine), which includes infusion and hydrogel polymerization steps prior to robust chemical decellularization treatments. Polymerized hydrogels serve to prevent excessive damage to the ECM while maintaining the sophisticated structures and biological activities of ECM components in various organs, including soft tissues such as brains and embryos. CASPERized tissues were successfully recellularized to stimulate a tissue-regeneration-like process after implantation without signs of pathological inflammation or fibrosis in vivo, suggesting that CASPERized tissues can be used for monitoring cell-ECM interactions and for surrogate organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsoo Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed R Shaker
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ryun Ryu
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Ham
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hong Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lee
- Logos Biosystems, Inc., Anyang-si, Gyunggi-do 431-755, Republic of Korea
| | - Neoncheol Jung
- Logos Biosystems, Inc., Anyang-si, Gyunggi-do 431-755, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngshik Choe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Hoon Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Legal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Im Joo Rhyu
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Fernández-Colino A, Iop L, Ventura Ferreira MS, Mela P. Fibrosis in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: treat or trigger? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:17-36. [PMID: 31295523 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a life-threatening pathological condition resulting from a dysfunctional tissue repair process. There is no efficient treatment and organ transplantation is in many cases the only therapeutic option. Here we review tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) approaches to address fibrosis in the cardiovascular system, the kidney, the lung and the liver. These strategies have great potential to achieve repair or replacement of diseased organs by cell- and material-based therapies. However, paradoxically, they might also trigger fibrosis. Cases of TERM interventions with adverse outcome are also included in this review. Furthermore, we emphasize the fact that, although organ engineering is still in its infancy, the advances in the field are leading to biomedically relevant in vitro models with tremendous potential for disease recapitulation and development of therapies. These human tissue models might have increased predictive power for human drug responses thereby reducing the need for animal testing.
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Daryabari SS, Kajbafzadeh AM, Fendereski K, Ghorbani F, Dehnavi M, Rostami M, Garajegayeh BA, Tavangar SM. Development of an efficient perfusion-based protocol for whole-organ decellularization of the ovine uterus as a human-sized model and in vivo application of the bioscaffolds. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:1211-1223. [PMID: 31093867 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The main purpose of this investigation was to determine an efficient whole-organ decellularization protocol of a human-sized uterus and evaluate the in vivo properties of the bioscaffold. METHODS Twenty-four ovine uteri were included in this investigation and were decellularized by three different protocols (n 6). We performed histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, DNA quantification, MTT assay, scanning electron microscopy, biomechanical studies, and CT angiography to characterize the scaffolds. The optimized protocol was determined, and patches were grafted into the uterine horns of eight female Wistar rats. The grafts were extracted after 10 days; the opposite horns were harvested to be evaluated as controls. RESULTS Protocol III (perfusion with 0.25% and 0.5% SDS solution and preservation in 10% formalin) was determined as the optimized method with efficient removal of the cellular components while preserving the extracellular matrix. Also, the bioscaffolds demonstrated native-like biomechanical, structural, and vascular properties. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluations of the harvested grafts confirmed the biocompatibility and recellularization potential of bioscaffolds. Also, the grafts demonstrated higher positive reaction for CD31 and Ki67 markers compared with the control samples which indicated eminent angiogenesis properties and proliferative capacity of the implanted tissues. CONCLUSIONS This investigation introduces an optimized protocol for whole-organ decellularization of the human-sized uterus with native-like characteristics and a prominent potential for regeneration and angiogenesis which could be employed in in vitro and in vivo studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report biomechanical properties and angiographic evaluations of a large animal uterine scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Sima Daryabari
- Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 62, Dr. Gharibs Street, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, 1419733151, Iran
| | - Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 62, Dr. Gharibs Street, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, 1419733151, Iran.
| | - Kiarad Fendereski
- Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 62, Dr. Gharibs Street, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, 1419733151, Iran
| | - Fariba Ghorbani
- Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 62, Dr. Gharibs Street, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, 1419733151, Iran
| | - Mehrshad Dehnavi
- Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 62, Dr. Gharibs Street, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, 1419733151, Iran
| | - Minoo Rostami
- Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy, Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 62, Dr. Gharibs Street, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, 1419733151, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Inglis S, Schneider KH, Kanczler JM, Redl H, Oreffo ROC. Harnessing Human Decellularized Blood Vessel Matrices and Cellular Construct Implants to Promote Bone Healing in an Ex Vivo Organotypic Bone Defect Model. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1800088. [PMID: 29756272 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized matrices offer a beneficial substitute for biomimetic scaffolds in tissue engineering. The current study examines the potential of decellularized placental vessel sleeves (PVS) as a periosteal protective sleeve to enhance bone regeneration in embryonic day 18 chick femurs contained within the PVS and cultured organotypically over a 10 day period. The femurs are inserted into decellularized biocompatibility-tested PVS and maintained in an organotypic culture for a period of 10 days. In femurs containing decellularized PVS, a significant increase in bone volume (p < 0.001) is evident, demonstrated by microcomputed tomography (µCT) compared to femurs without PVS. Histological and immunohistological analyses reveal extensive integration of decellularized PVS with the bone periosteum, and enhanced conservation of bone architecture within the PVS. In addition, the expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), type II collagen (COL-II), and proteoglycans are observed, indicating a possible repair mechanism via a cartilaginous stage of the bone tissue within the sleeve. The use of decellularized matrices like PVS offers a promising therapeutic strategy in surgical tissue replacement, promoting biocompatibility and architecture of the tissue as well as a factor-rich niche environment with negligible immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Inglis
- Bone and Joint Research GroupCentre for Human Development, Stem Cells and RegenerationInstitute of Developmental SciencesSouthampton General HospitalUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Karl Heinrich Schneider
- Center of Biomedical ResearchMedical University of ViennaLudwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Researchp.A.KIM II/Klinische Abteilung für Kardiologie Währinger Gürtel 18‐20 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Janos M. Kanczler
- Bone and Joint Research GroupCentre for Human Development, Stem Cells and RegenerationInstitute of Developmental SciencesSouthampton General HospitalUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology/AUVA ResearchCenter and Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Donaueschingenstrasse 13 1200 Vienna Austria
| | - Richard O. C. Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research GroupCentre for Human Development, Stem Cells and RegenerationInstitute of Developmental SciencesSouthampton General HospitalUniversity of Southampton Southampton SO16 6YD UK
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Bejleri D, Davis ME. Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Materials for Cardiac Repair and Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801217. [PMID: 30714354 PMCID: PMC7654553 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is a promising biomaterial for repairing cardiovascular tissue, as dECM most effectively captures the complex array of proteins, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and many other matrix components that are found in native tissue, providing ideal cues for regeneration and repair of damaged myocardium. dECM can be used in a variety of forms, such as solid scaffolds that maintain native matrix structure, or as soluble materials that can form injectable hydrogels for tissue repair. dECM has found recent success in many regeneration and repair therapies, such as for musculoskeletal, neural, and liver tissues. This review focuses on dECM in the context of cardiovascular applications, with variations in tissue and species sourcing, and specifically discusses advances in solid and soluble dECM development, in vitro studies, in vivo implementation, and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Bejleri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Michael E Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Biomaterializing the promise of cardiac tissue engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 42:107353. [PMID: 30794878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During an average individual's lifespan, the human heart pumps nearly 200 million liters of blood delivered by approximately 3 billion heartbeats. Therefore, it is not surprising that native myocardium under this incredible demand is extraordinarily complex, both structurally and functionally. As a result, successful engineering of adult-mimetic functional cardiac tissues is likely to require utilization of highly specialized biomaterials representative of the native extracellular microenvironment. There is currently no single biomaterial that fully recapitulates the architecture or the biochemical and biomechanical properties of adult myocardium. However, significant effort has gone toward designing highly functional materials and tissue constructs that may one day provide a ready source of cardiac tissue grafts to address the overwhelming burden of cardiomyopathic disease. In the near term, biomaterial-based scaffolds are helping to generate in vitro systems for querying the mechanisms underlying human heart homeostasis and disease and discovering new, patient-specific therapeutics. When combined with advances in minimally-invasive cardiac delivery, ongoing efforts will likely lead to scalable cell and biomaterial technologies for use in clinical practice. In this review, we describe recent progress in the field of cardiac tissue engineering with particular emphasis on use of biomaterials for therapeutic tissue design and delivery.
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44
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Aubin H. Extrazelluläre Matrixgerüste auf Basis von dezellularisiertem nativem Gewebe. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-018-0259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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45
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Taylor DA, Frazier OH, Elgalad A, Hochman-Mendez C, Sampaio LC. Building a Total Bioartificial Heart: Harnessing Nature to Overcome the Current Hurdles. Artif Organs 2018; 42:970-982. [PMID: 30044011 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Engineering a bioartificial heart has become a possibility in part because of the regenerative medicine approaches to repairing or replacing damaged organs that have evolved over the past two decades. With the advent of inducible pluripotent stem cell technology, it is now possible to generate personalized cells that make the concept of autologous tissue engineering imaginable. Scaffolds that provide form, function, and biological cues to cells likewise potentially enable the engineering of biocompatible vascularized solid organs. Decellularized organs or tissue matrices retain organ complexity and structure at the macro and micro scales, contain biologically active molecules that support cell phenotype and function, and are vascularized allowing full thickness tissue generation. There is also dynamic reciprocity between the extracellular matrix and cells, which does not occur with synthetic scaffolds and allows both to evolve as functional need changes, making it a unique scaffold. Yet, building a whole heart from decellularized scaffolds and cells requires delivering hundreds of billions of multiple types of cardiac cells appropriately and providing a milieu where they can survive and mature. We propose a novel type of in vivo organ engineering utilizing pre-clinical models where decellularized hearts are heterotopically transplanted with the intent to harness the capability of the body to at least in part repopulate the scaffold. By adding load and electrical input, possibly via temporary mechanical assistance, we posit that vascular and parenchymal cell maturation can occur. In this study, we implanted porcine decellularized hearts acutely and chronically in living recipients in a heterotopic position. We demonstrated that the surgical procedure is critical to prevent coagulation and to increase graft patency. We also demonstrated that short-term implantation promotes endothelial cell adhesion to the vessel lumens and that long-term implantation also promotes tissue formation with evidence of cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells present within the graft. Utilizing endogenous repair capabilities of the recipient in response to a naked ECM, we allowed the transplanted scaffold to direct host cells-both organizationally and functionally. Thus, the scaffold provided necessary cues for cell organization and remodeling within the transplanted organ. Future work would involve culturing partially recellularized engineered organs in bioreactors where mechanical and electrical stimulation can be controlled to promote organ development and then transplanting these after a minimal level of maturation has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris A Taylor
- Regenerative Medicine Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - O Howard Frazier
- Cullen Cardiovascular Surgery Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Luiz C Sampaio
- Cullen Cardiovascular Surgery Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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Guruswamy Damodaran R, Vermette P. Tissue and organ decellularization in regenerative medicine. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1494-1505. [PMID: 30294883 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The advancement and improvement in decellularization methods can be attributed to the increasing demand for tissues and organs for transplantation. Decellularized tissues and organs, which are free of cells and genetic materials while retaining the complex ultrastructure of the extracellular matrix (ECM), can serve as scaffolds to subsequently embed cells for transplantation. They have the potential to mimic the native physiology of the targeted anatomic site. ECM from different tissues and organs harvested from various sources have been applied. Many techniques are currently involved in the decellularization process, which come along with their own advantages and disadvantages. This review focuses on recent developments in decellularization methods, the importance and nature of detergents used for decellularization, as well as on the role of the ECM either as merely a physical support or as a scaffold in retaining and providing cues for cell survival, differentiation and homeostasis. In addition, application, status, and perspectives on commercialization of bioproducts derived from decellularized tissues and organs are addressed. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:1494-1505, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Guruswamy Damodaran
- Laboratoire de bio-ingénierie et de biophysique de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.,Pharmacology Institute of Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, 3001 12ième Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada.,Research Centre on Aging, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Sherbrooke, 1036 rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Patrick Vermette
- Laboratoire de bio-ingénierie et de biophysique de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.,Pharmacology Institute of Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, 3001 12ième Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada.,Research Centre on Aging, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Sherbrooke, 1036 rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 4C4, Canada
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What will it take before a bioengineered heart will be implanted in patients? Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2018; 23:664-672. [PMID: 30247170 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heart transplantation is the only curative treatment option for end-stage heart failure. However, a shortage of donor organs is a major limitation of this approach. Regenerative medicine targets the goal of increasing the number of available hearts for transplantation. In this review, we highlight the state of the art of building a bioartificial heart. We summarize the components needed, the hurdles, and likely translational steps to make the dream of transplanting a totally functional bioartificial heart a possibility. RECENT FINDINGS The therapies being developed in regenerative medicine aim not only to repair, but also to regenerate or replace failing tissues and organs. The engineering of bioartificial hearts utilizing patient-derived cells could theoretically solve the two main complications of heart transplantations: graft rejection and lifelong immunosuppression. Although many hurdles remain, scientists have reached a point in which some of these hurdles have been overcome. Decellularized heart scaffolds have emerged over the past decade as one of the most promising biofabrications. Two possible options for organ scaffolds exist: nontransplantable human hearts and porcine hearts. The use of these scaffolds could lead to the availability of an unlimited number of transplantable organs. The current challenge remains improving processes required for recellularization - including those for cells, bioreactors, and physiologic conditioning. Researchers should focus to solve these hurdles and pave the way toward the dream of in-vivo bioengineered heart maturation. SUMMARY Regenerative medicine has emerged as one of the most promising fields of translational research and has the potential to both minimize the need for donor organs and increase their availability. Meeting the challenge of implanting a totally functional bioengineered heart lies in solving multiple issues simultaneously. Dwarfing the technical hurdles, cost is the largest barrier to success. The scientific hurdles mainly involve scaling up and scaling out of laboratory cell processes, building bioreactors, and delivering cells into every needed region of an organ scaffold. Maintaining sterility and quantifying readiness of the nascent organs are also critical for success.
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Taylor DA, Sampaio LC, Ferdous Z, Gobin AS, Taite LJ. Decellularized matrices in regenerative medicine. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:74-89. [PMID: 29702289 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Of all biologic matrices, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has emerged as a promising tool used either alone or when combined with other biologics in the fields of tissue engineering or regenerative medicine - both preclinically and clinically. dECM provides a native cellular environment that combines its unique composition and architecture. It can be widely obtained from native organs of different species after being decellularized and is entitled to provide necessary cues to cells homing. In this review, the superiority of the macro- and micro-architecture of dECM is described as are methods by which these unique characteristics are being harnessed to aid in the repair and regeneration of organs and tissues. Finally, an overview of the state of research regarding the clinical use of different matrices and the common challenges faced in using dECM are provided, with possible solutions to help translate naturally derived dECM matrices into more robust clinical use. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Ideal scaffolds mimic nature and provide an environment recognized by cells as proper. Biologically derived matrices can provide biological cues, such as sites for cell adhesion, in addition to the mechanical support provided by synthetic matrices. Decellularized extracellular matrix is the closest scaffold to nature, combining unique micro- and macro-architectural characteristics with an equally unique complex composition. The decellularization process preserves structural integrity, ensuring an intact vasculature. As this multifunctional structure can also induce cell differentiation and maturation, it could become the gold standard for scaffolds.
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Interspecies chimeras. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2018; 52:36-41. [PMID: 29859382 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
By probing early embryogenesis and regeneration, interspecies chimeras provide a unique platform for discovery and clinical use. Although efficient generation of human:animal chimeric embryos remains elusive, recent advancements attempt to overcome incompatibilities in xenogeneic development and transplantation.
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50
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Giatsidis G, Guyette JP, Ott HC, Orgill DP. Development of a large-volume human-derived adipose acellular allogenic flap by perfusion decellularization. Wound Repair Regen 2018; 26:245-250. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Giatsidis
- Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Jacques P. Guyette
- Laboratory for Organ Engineering and Regeneration; Harvard Medical School-Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Harald C. Ott
- Laboratory for Organ Engineering and Regeneration; Harvard Medical School-Harvard Stem Cell Institute; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Dennis P. Orgill
- Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
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