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Stone JK, von Muhlinen N, Zhang C, Robles AI, Flis AL, Vega-Valle E, Miyanaga A, Matsumoto M, Greathouse KL, Cooks T, Trinchieri G, Harris CC. Acidovorax temperans skews neutrophil maturation and polarizes Th17 cells to promote lung adenocarcinoma development. Oncogenesis 2024; 13:13. [PMID: 38570533 PMCID: PMC10991269 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-024-00513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Change within the intratumoral microbiome is a common feature in lung and other cancers and may influence inflammation and immunity in the tumor microenvironment, affecting growth and metastases. We previously characterized the lung cancer microbiome in patients and identified Acidovorax temperans as enriched in tumors. Here, we instilled A. temperans in an animal model driven by mutant K-ras and Tp53. This revealed A. temperans accelerates tumor development and burden through infiltration of proinflammatory cells. Neutrophils exposed to A. temperans displayed a mature, pro-tumorigenic phenotype with increased cytokine signaling, with a global shift away from IL-1β signaling. Neutrophil to monocyte and macrophage signaling upregulated MHC II to activate CD4+ T cells, polarizing them to an IL-17A+ phenotype detectable in CD4+ and γδ populations (T17). These T17 cells shared a common gene expression program predictive of poor survival in human LUAD. These data indicate bacterial exposure promotes tumor growth by modulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K Stone
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Natalia von Muhlinen
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chenran Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amy L Flis
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eleazar Vega-Valle
- Laboratory Animal Science Program, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Akihiko Miyanaga
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Masaru Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - K Leigh Greathouse
- Human Science and Design, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Tomer Cooks
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Borregón M, Sánchez D, Martínez E. Screening and treatment of latent tuberculosis in patients with solid tumors and systemic cancer therapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03433-4. [PMID: 38514601 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis is one of the infectious diseases with greater morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cancer causes an important immunosuppression with increased risk of infections. There is an enlarged bidirectional incidence between tuberculosis and cancer, mainly due to latent tuberculosis. GUIDELINES REVIEW There is great discrepancy between recommendations for screening and prophylaxis of latent tuberculosis in patients with solid tumors and systemic cancer therapy among different medical societies and guidelines. Most infectious diseases guidelines recommend it, while most oncology guidelines do not. DISCUSSION Patients with solid tumours generally have a limited life expectancy and a state of intermittent immunosuppression, resulting in a lower risk of tuberculosis reactivation than other risky populations. There is a lack of prospective and retrospective studies analysing the benefit of screening and prophylaxis in this population. The first step is to study the incidence of active tuberculosis in this population to estimate the real magnitude of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Borregón
- Servicio de Oncología Médica del Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Carrer Almazara, 11, 03203, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - David Sánchez
- Servicio de Oncología Médica del Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Carrer Almazara, 11, 03203, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Elia Martínez
- Servicio de Oncología Médica del Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
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Huang Q, Huang Y, Xu S, Yuan X, Liu X, Chen Z. Association of asthma and lung cancer risk: A pool of cohort studies and Mendelian randomization analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e35060. [PMID: 38306564 PMCID: PMC10843492 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past 2 decades, population-based studies have shown an increased association between asthma and the risk of lung cancer. However, the causal links between these 2 conditions remain poorly understood. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of various databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, up until May 04, 2023. Only articles published in English were included in our study. We performed a meta-analysis using random-effects models to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses were conducted based on study design, gender, and histologic types. We also conducted a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using the genome-wide association study pooled data (408,422 people) published by the UK Biobank to explore further the potential causal relationship between asthma and lung cancer. RESULTS Our meta-analysis reviewed 24 population-based cohort studies involving 1072,502 patients, revealing that asthma is significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.19-1.38) in all individuals. Subgroup analysis showed a significantly higher risk of lung cancer in females with asthma (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.01-1.49). We found no significant association between asthma and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.54-1.05), lung squamous carcinomas (LUSC) (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.79-1.50), or small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) (OR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.68-1.49). Interestingly, our MR analysis supported an increasing causality between asthma and lung cancer (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.04-1.17, P = .0008), specifically in those who ever smoker (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.16, P = .0173) and LUSC pathological type (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.26, P = .0038). CONCLUSION Through meta-analysis, our study confirms that patients with asthma have a higher risk of developing lung cancer. Our MR study further support an increasing causal relationship between asthma and the risk of lung cancer, particularly in smokers and LUSC. Future studies examining the link between asthma and the risk of developing lung cancer should consider the bias of controlled and uncontrolled asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyao Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, China
- The Sixth Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, China
- The Sixth Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Senkai Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, China
- The Sixth Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, China
- The Sixth Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, China
- The Sixth Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zisheng Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, China
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Yan Y, Ma Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Yang N, Yu C. Temporal trends in lung cancer mortality and years of life lost in Wuhan, China, 2010-2019. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1030684. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveLung cancer is responsible for millions of deaths yearly, and its burden is severe worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the burden of lung cancer in the population of Wuhan based on the surveillance data from 2010 to 2019.MethodsData of this study was obtained from the Mortality Register System established by the Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The study systematically analyzed the burden of lung cancer deaths in the population of Wuhan and its 13 administrative regions from 2010 to 2019 via the Joinpoint regression models, Age-Period-Cohort (APC) models, and decomposition analysis.ResultsThis study found the upward and downward trends in the age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) and age-standardized years of life lost rates (ASYLLRs) of lung cancer from 2010 to 2019. In Joinpoint regression models, the corresponding estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were 1.00% and -1.90%, 0.60%, and -3.00%, respectively. In APC models, lung cancer mortality tended to increase with age for both sexes in Wuhan, peaking at the 85-89 age group; The period effects for different populations have started to gradually decline in recent years. In addition, the cohort effects indicated that the risk of lung cancer death was highest among those born in the 1950s-1955s, at 1.08 (males) and 1.01 (females). Among all administrative districts in Wuhan, the ASMR of lung cancer in the Xinzhou District has remained the highest over the study period. In decomposition analysis, both population aging (P<0.01) and population growth (P<0.01) aggravated (Z>0) lung cancer deaths in the Wuhan population.ConclusionsThe burden of lung cancer death in the Wuhan population has shown a gradual decline in recent years, but the impact of aging and population growth on lung cancer mortality should not be ignored. Therefore, lung cancer surveillance must be strengthened to reduce the burden of lung cancer in Wuhan.
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Cabrera-Sanchez J, Cuba V, Vega V, Van der Stuyft P, Otero L. Lung cancer occurrence after an episode of tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:31/165/220025. [PMID: 35896272 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0025-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with tuberculosis experience long-term health effects beyond cure, including chronic respiratory diseases. We investigated whether tuberculosis is a risk factor for subsequent lung cancer. METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature and the Scientific Electronic Library Online for cohort and case-control studies providing effect estimates for the association between tuberculosis and subsequent lung cancer. We pooled estimates through random-effects meta-analysis. The study was registered in PROSPERO (CDR42020178362). RESULTS Out of 6240 records, we included 29 cohort and 44 case-control studies. Pooled estimates adjusted for age and smoking (assessed quantitatively) were hazard ratio (HR) 1.51 (95% CI 1.30-1.76, I2=81%; five studies) and OR 1.74 (95% CI 1.42-2.13, I2=59%; 19 studies). The occurrence of lung cancer was increased for 2 years after tuberculosis diagnosis (HR 5.01, 95% CI 3.64-6.89; two studies), but decreased thereafter. Most studies were retrospective, had moderate to high risk of bias, and did not control for passive smoking, environmental exposure and socioeconomic status. Heterogeneity was high. CONCLUSION We document an association between tuberculosis and lung cancer occurrence, particularly in, but not limited to, the first 2 years after tuberculosis diagnosis. Some cancer cases may have been present at the time of tuberculosis diagnosis and therefore causality cannot be ascertained. Prospective studies controlling for key confounding factors are needed to identify which tuberculosis patients are at the highest risk, as well as cost-effective approaches to mitigate such risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicente Cuba
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Victor Vega
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Patrick Van der Stuyft
- Dept of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Larissa Otero
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Li C, Wang H, Jiang Y, Fu W, Liu X, Zhong R, Cheng B, Zhu F, Xiang Y, He J, Liang W. Advances in lung cancer screening and early detection. Cancer Biol Med 2022; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0690. [PMID: 35535966 PMCID: PMC9196057 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is associated with a heavy cancer-related burden in terms of patients' physical and mental health worldwide. Two randomized controlled trials, the US-National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) and Nederlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings Onderzoek (NELSON), indicated that low-dose CT (LDCT) screening results in a statistically significant decrease in mortality in patients with lung cancer, LDCT has become the standard approach for lung cancer screening. However, many issues in lung cancer screening remain unresolved, such as the screening criteria, high false-positive rate, and radiation exposure. This review first summarizes recent studies on lung cancer screening from the US, Europe, and Asia, and discusses risk-based selection for screening and the related issues. Second, an overview of novel techniques for the differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules, including artificial intelligence and molecular biomarker-based screening, is presented. Third, current explorations of strategies for suspected malignancy are summarized. Overall, this review aims to help clinicians understand recent progress in lung cancer screening and alleviate the burden of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caichen Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan People Hospital, Dongguan 523059, China
| | - Huiting Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan People Hospital, Dongguan 523059, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan People Hospital, Dongguan 523059, China
| | - Wenhai Fu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiwen Liu
- Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan People Hospital, Dongguan 523059, China
| | - Ran Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan People Hospital, Dongguan 523059, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan People Hospital, Dongguan 523059, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Detroit Medical Center Sinai-Grace Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48235, USA
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan People Hospital, Dongguan 523059, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenhua Liang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan People Hospital, Dongguan 523059, China
- Department of Oncology, the First People’s Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing 526020, China
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Taucher E, Mykoliuk I, Lindenmann J, Smolle-Juettner FM. Implications of the Immune Landscape in COPD and Lung Cancer: Smoking Versus Other Causes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:846605. [PMID: 35386685 PMCID: PMC8978964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is reported in about one third of adults worldwide. A strong relationship between cigarette smoke exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as lung cancer has been proven. However, about 15% of lung cancer cases, and between one fourth and one third of COPD cases, occur in never-smokers. The effects of cigarette smoke on the innate as well as the adaptive immune system have been widely investigated. It is assumed that certain immunologic features contribute to lung cancer and COPD development in the absence of smoking as the major risk factor. In this article, we review different immunological aspects of lung cancer and COPD with a special focus on non-smoking related risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Taucher
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Iurii Mykoliuk
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Joerg Lindenmann
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Risk of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030765. [PMID: 35160218 PMCID: PMC8836400 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a known risk factor for lung cancer. However, a detailed analysis of lung cancer type, age, sex, smoking, and TB burden associated with geographic and socioeconomic status has not been performed previously. We systematically appraised relevant observational studies reporting an association between pulmonary TB and lung cancer. All studies were included in the primary analysis, and studies that used robust TB diagnostic methods, such as validated medical diagnostic codes, were included in the secondary analysis. Thirty-two articles were included. The association between the history of pulmonary TB and diagnosis of lung cancer was statistically significant (OR 2.09, 95% CI: 1.62–2.69, p < 0.001). There was a high heterogeneity (I2 = 95%), without any publication bias. The analysis indicated a high association in advanced articles describing stringent pulmonary TB diagnosis (OR 2.26, 95% CI: 1.29–3.94, p = 0.004). The subgroup analyses suggested a significant association in countries with medium or high TB burdens, from East Asia and the Pacific region, and upper-middle income countries. Heterogeneity within the subgroups remained high in a majority of the subgroup analyses. A meta-regression analysis revealed that younger patients showed a significantly higher association between TB and lung cancer (regression coefficient = 0.949, p < 0.001). The history of pulmonary TB is an independent risk factor for lung cancer, especially in younger patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB. Clinicians should be aware of this association while treating young patients with a history of pulmonary TB.
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9
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El Halabi J, Palmer N, Fox K, Kohane I, Farhat MR. Fecal microbiota transplantation and Clostridioides difficile infection among privately insured patients in the United States. J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:10-18. [PMID: 34495400 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-021-01822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) may be rising in severity in the US over the past decade and its treatment landscape is changing given the recent adoption of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) METHODS: We built a retrospective observational cohort using a database of a national care-plan containing medical claims of over 50 million individuals between 2008 and 2019. We used International Classification of Disease (ICD) and prescription data to identify patients with CDI. We estimated trends in disease burden and FMT use, and evaluated complications post FMT using a phenome-wide association approach. RESULTS We identified 38,396 patients with CDI; the median age was 60 years (IQR 45-74) and 60% were female (n = 23,374). The rate of CDI increased from 33.4 to 69.46 cases per 100,000 person-years between 2008 and 2015, and stabilized from 2015 to 2019 (increase of 4.77 cases per 100,000 person-years per year, 95% CI 3.55-5.98 prior to 2015 vs. 2.01 95% CI - 10.16 to 14.18 after 2015). Of the 7715 patients with recurrent CDI, 407 patients (5%) underwent FMT. Gastrointestinal complications were increased within 1 month post FMT (OR 99.60, p < 0.001). Sepsis was identified in two individuals (0.49% 95% CI 0.05-1.7%) within the first month post FMT. The risk of CDI recurrence significantly decreased post FMT compared with anti-CDI antibiotics in the multivariable model (raw-recurrence rate 9.8% vs 36%, aOR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.12-0.53, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION We show that FMT is strongly associated with a decrease in CDI recurrence compared with the usual care with generally mild complications for up to 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica El Halabi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, 10 Shattuck Street #307, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nathan Palmer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, 10 Shattuck Street #307, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kathe Fox
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, 10 Shattuck Street #307, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Isaac Kohane
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, 10 Shattuck Street #307, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maha R Farhat
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, 10 Shattuck Street #307, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Verma VA, Meti RS, Saundane AR, Londonkar R, Shinde VM, Vennapu DR, Shamrao R. Synthesis, E-pharmacophore, Molecular Docking Studies with SARS-CoV-2 Protease, Their Biological Properties and DFT Calculation of Some New Indolo[3,2-c]Isoquinoiline Hybrids. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.2009527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaijinath A. Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Prabhu Arts, Science and J. M. Bohra Commerce Degree College, Shorapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajkumar S. Meti
- Department of Biochemistry, Mangalore University, P.G. Centre Chikka, Aluvara, Karnataka, India
| | - Anand R. Saundane
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Chemistry, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Londonkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkat M. Shinde
- Department of Botany, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Dushyanth R. Vennapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE University College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Raju Shamrao
- Department of Chemistry, Government First Grade College, Shahapur, Karnataka, India
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Abdeahad H, Salehi M, Yaghoubi A, Aalami AH, Aalami F, Soleimanpour S. Previous pulmonary tuberculosis enhances the risk of lung cancer: systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Infect Dis (Lond) 2021; 54:255-268. [PMID: 34807803 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2021.2006772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The possible association between history of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer (LC) has attracted researchers' attention for several decades. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the association between previous pulmonary TB infection and LC risk. METHODS A Systematic and comprehensive search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, clinical key, Web of Science and Google Scholar, in articles and abstracts published from 1987 to 2021. Thirty-two articles (involving 50,290 cases and 846,666 controls) met the inconclusive criteria. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.2 software was used for this meta-analysis. RESULTS The result of this meta-analysis demonstrates that pre-existing active pulmonary TB increases the risk of LC (RR = 2.170, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.833-2.569, p < .001, I2 = 91.234%). The results showed that the risk of the history of active pulmonary TB infection in adenocarcinoma was 2.605 (95% CI 1.706-3.979, p < .001, I2 = 55.583%), in small-cell carcinoma was 2.118 (95% CI 1.544-2.905, p < .001, I2 = 0.0%), in squamous-cell carcinoma, was 3.570 (95% CI 2.661 - 4.791, p < .001, I2 = 42.695%) and 2.746 (95% CI 2.300-3.279, p < .001, I2 = 41.686%) for other histological types of LCs. According to these results, a history of active pulmonary TB increases the risk of LC. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the importance of LC screening in pulmonary TB patients even after the infection is treated. With the increased chances of LC in a patient who had a history of active pulmonary TB, there could be a need for a further follow-up period after pulmonary TB recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Abdeahad
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical, Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Salehi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atieh Yaghoubi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Aalami
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Aalami
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory-Northeast of Iran, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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12
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis and the Incidence of Lung Cancer among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 19:640-648. [PMID: 34478360 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202010-1240oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE While the history of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a risk factor for developing both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer, it remains unclear whether the history of PTB affects lung cancer development in COPD patients. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether a history of PTB is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer development in a population with COPD. METHODS This cohort study included a nationwide representative sample of 13,165 Korean men and women with COPD, aged between 50-84 years. In addition, to assess whether the relationship between PTB and lung cancer risk differs between participants with and without COPD, a matched cohort without COPD was included. Participants were matched 1:3 for age, sex, smoking history, and PTB status based on the index health screening exam of corresponding participants with COPD. The two cohorts were followed up for 13 years (January 1st, 2003, to December 31st, 2015). PTB was diagnosed based on the results of chest radiography, and incident lung cancer was identified from hospitalization and outpatient visit claims (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision diagnosis code C33 or C34). RESULTS During 370,617 person-years (PY) of follow-up (median follow-up, 7.7 years), in the COPD group, we observed 430 incident cases of lung cancer in participants without a history of PTB (incidence rate 524 per 100,000 PY) and 148 cases in those with a history of PTB (incidence rate 931 per 100,000 PY). Compared to participants without a PTB history, the fully adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for lung cancer in those with a history of PTB was 1.24 (1.03, 1.50). The association of PTB history and lung cancer development was more evident in never-smokers with COPD. In contrast, among participants without COPD, the corresponding hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.98 (0.78, 1.22). There was no interaction between PTB, smoking status, and COPD. CONCLUSIONS The history of PTB was associated with an increased risk of developing lung cancer among COPD patients in our country with an intermediate TB burden. COPD patients with a history of PTB, particularly the never-smokers, might benefit from periodical screening or assessment for lung cancer development.
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13
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Dual Nature of Relationship between Mycobacteria and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158332. [PMID: 34361097 PMCID: PMC8347776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the therapeutic effect of mycobacteria as antitumor agents has been known for decades, recent epidemiological and experimental studies have revealed that mycobacterium-related chronic inflammation may be a possible mechanism of cancer pathogenesis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous Mycobacterium avium complex infections have been implicated as potentially contributing to the etiology of lung cancer, whereas Mycobacterium ulcerans has been correlated with skin carcinogenesis. The risk of tumor development with chronic mycobacterial infections is thought to be a result of many host effector mechanisms acting at different stages of oncogenesis. In this paper, we focus on the nature of the relationship between mycobacteria and cancer, describing the clinical significance of mycobacteria-based cancer therapy as well as epidemiological evidence on the contribution of chronic mycobacterial infections to the increased lung cancer risk.
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14
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Mao K, Lin F, Zhang Y, Zhou H. Identification of Key Genes and Pathways in Gefitinib-Resistant Lung Adenocarcinoma using Bioinformatics Analysis. Evol Bioinform Online 2021; 17:11769343211023767. [PMID: 34177255 PMCID: PMC8202261 DOI: 10.1177/11769343211023767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib resistance is a serious threat in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Elucidating the underlying mechanisms and developing effective therapies to overcome gefitinib resistance is urgently needed. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from the gene expression profile GSE122005 between gefitinib-sensitive and resistant samples. GO and KEGG analyses were performed with DAVID. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established to visualize DEGs and screen hub genes. The functional roles of CCL20 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) were examined using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Functional analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly concentrated in inflammatory, cell chemotaxis, and PI3K signal regulation. Ten hub genes were identified based on the PPI network. The survival analysis of the hub genes showed that CCL20 had a significant effect on the prognosis of LUAD patients. GSEA analysis showed that CCL20 high expression group was mainly enriched in cytokine-related signaling pathways. In conclusion, our analysis suggests that changes in inflammation and cytokine-related signaling pathways are closely related to gefitinib resistance in patients with lung cancer. The CCL20 gene may promote the formation of gefitinib resistance, which may serve as a new biomarker for predicting gefitinib resistance in patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Topical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Fang Lin
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yingai Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Hailong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Topical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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15
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Borregón Rivilla M, Martínez Barroso K, Ramos Reguera I. Severe Pulmonary Parenchymal Involvement Due to Reactivation of Latent Tuberculosis in a Patient With Small Cell Lung Cancer. Arch Bronconeumol 2021; 57:493-494. [PMID: 34053896 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Ho LJ, Yang HY, Chung CH, Chang WC, Yang SS, Sun CA, Chien WC, Su RY. Increased risk of secondary lung cancer in patients with tuberculosis: A nationwide, population-based cohort study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250531. [PMID: 33961650 PMCID: PMC8104424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) presents a global threat in the world and the lung is the frequent site of metastatic focus. A previous study demonstrated that TB might increase primary lung cancer risk by two-fold for more than 20 years after the TB diagnosis. However, no large-scale study has evaluated the risk of TB and secondary lung cancer. Thus, we evaluated the risk of secondary lung cancer in patients with or without tuberculosis (TB) using a nationwide population-based dataset. METHODS In a cohort study of 1,936,512 individuals, we selected 6934 patients among patients with primary cancer and TB infection, based on the International Classification of Disease (ICD-p-CM) codes 010-011 from 2000 to 2015. The control cohort comprised 13,868 randomly selected, propensity-matched patients (by age, gender, and index date) without TB exposure. Using this adjusted date, a possible association between TB and the risk of developing secondary lung cancer was estimated using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS During the follow-up period, secondary lung cancer was diagnosed in 761 (10.97%) patients with TB and 1263 (9.11%) patients without TB. After adjusting for covariates, the risk of secondary lung cancer was 1.67 times greater among primary cancer in the cohort with TB than in the cohort without TB. Stratification revealed that every comorbidity (including diabetes, hypertension, cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, cardiovascular accident, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) significantly increased the risk of secondary lung cancer when comparing the TB cohort with the non-TB cohort. Moreover, the primary cancer types (including head and neck, colorectal cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, breast, kidney, and thyroid cancer) had a more significant risk of becoming secondary lung cancer. CONCLUSION A significant association exists between TB and the subsequent risk for metastasis among primary cancers and comorbidities. Therefore, TB patients should be evaluated for the subsequent risk of secondary lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ju Ho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Yang
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chin Chang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Sen Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Sun
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Big Data Research Center, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WCC); (RYS)
| | - Ruei-Yu Su
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WCC); (RYS)
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17
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Jin C, Yang B. A Case of Delayed Diagnostic Pulmonary Tuberculosis during Targeted Therapy in an EGFR Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patient. Case Rep Oncol 2021; 14:659-663. [PMID: 33976649 PMCID: PMC8077664 DOI: 10.1159/000514050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is rare, and the clinical and radiological features are always similar between lung cancer and pulmonary TB. In the present case, a non-small cell lung cancer patient with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-sensitive mutation was diagnosed with pulmonary TB during the treatment of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) because of the discrepant and confusing responses among different lesions. Therefore, we should combine clinical and radiological characteristics with pathological and microbiological tests to confirm the diagnosis of TB or lung cancer. It is a safe and selectable therapeutic strategy to treat EGFR mutant lung cancer patients with active TB using anti-TB medications and TKIs simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caibao Jin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
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18
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Verma VA, Saundane AR, Meti RS, Vennapu DR. Synthesis of novel indolo[3,2-c]isoquinoline derivatives bearing pyrimidine, piperazine rings and their biological evaluation and docking studies against COVID-19 virus main protease. J Mol Struct 2021; 1229:129829. [PMID: 33390613 PMCID: PMC7767577 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of hybrid indolo[3,2-c]isoquinoline (δ-carboline) analogs incorporating two pyrimidine and piperizine ring frameworks were synthesized. Intending biological activities and SAR we propose replacements of fluorine, methyl and methoxy of synthetic compounds for noteworthy antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-tuberculosis activities. Among these compounds 3a, 4a and 5e were progressively strong against E. coli and K. pneumonia. Whereas, compounds 4a, 5a and 6a with addition of various functional groups (OCH3, CH3) were excellent against S. aureus and B. subtilis. Compound 5c exhibited strong RSA and dynamic ferrous ion (Fe2+) metal chelating impact with IC50 of 7.88 ± 0.93 and 4.06 ± 0.31 µg/mL, respectively. Compound 5e was considerably cytotoxic against all cancer cells displaying activity better than the standard drug. Compounds 6b and 6e inhibited M. tuberculosis (MIC 1.0 mg/L) considerably. Molecular docking studies indicate that compounds 4d, 5a, 5b, 6b and 6f exhibited good interactions with 6LZE (COVID-19) and 6XFN (SARS-CoV-2) at active sites. The structure of the synthesized compounds were elementally analyzed using IR, 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectral information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaijinath A. Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Prabhu Arts, Science and J.M. Bohra Commerce, Degree College, Shorapur-585 228, Yadgir, Karnataka, India,Corresponding author
| | - Anand R. Saundane
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Chemistry, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi 585106, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajkumar S. Meti
- Department of Biochemistry, Mangalore University, P.G. Centre Chikka, Aluvara 571234, Karnataka, India
| | - Dushyanth R. Vennapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE University College of Pharmacy, Belagavi 5900010, Karnataka, India
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19
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Dai J, He Y, Maneenil K, Liu H, Liu M, Guo Q, Bennett AC, Stoddard SM, Wampfler JA, Jiang G, Yang P. Timing of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis in lung cancer prognosis: a clinical and genomic-based study. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:1209-1220. [PMID: 33889503 PMCID: PMC8044468 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background A two-phase study (clinical and genomic-based) was conducted to evaluate the effect of timing of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) diagnosis on lung cancer outcomes. Methods The prognostic influence of COPD was investigated in a clinical cohort of 1,986 patients who received surgery for stage I lung cancer; 823 (41.4%) of them also had COPD, including 549 (27.6%) incidental COPD (diagnosed within 6-months of lung cancer diagnosis) and 274 (13.8%) prior COPD (>6 months before lung cancer diagnosis). The genomic variations were analyzed from another cohort of 1,549 patients for association with 384 lung cancer-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Results Older age (≥70 years), smokers, and respiratory symptoms were independent predictors of incidental COPD in lung cancer (all P<0.05). Similar to prior COPD, incidental COPD increased postoperative complications and worsened quality-of-life related to dyspnea (both P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed lung cancer survival decreased significantly in incidental COPD (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.02–1.66), but not in prior COPD (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.87–1.52). Among prior COPD, median survival showed a trend for being better in those with fewer exacerbations (0–1 vs. ≥2 exacerbation/year; 6.1 vs. 4.1 years; P=0.10). The SNP-based analysis identified ADCY2:rs52827085 was significantly associated with risk of incidental COPD (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.30–2.38) and NRXN1:rs1356888 associated with prior COPD complicated with lung cancer (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.29–2.33). Conclusions Different long-term survival and genomic variants were observed between lung cancer patients with incidental and with prior COPD, suggesting timing of COPD diagnosis should be considered in lung cancer clinical management and mechanistic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqi He
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kunlatida Maneenil
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Rajavithi Hospital, College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Han Liu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Amy C Bennett
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shawn M Stoddard
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jason A Wampfler
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gening Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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20
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Abdelwahab HW, Elmaria MO, Abdelghany DA, Akl FM, Shehta M, ELnagar RM, Farrag NS, Akl MF, Ehab A. Screening of latent TB infection in patients with recently diagnosed bronchogenic carcinoma. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2020; 29:208-213. [PMID: 33375818 DOI: 10.1177/0218492320984881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis are major global health concerns and are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The association between active tuberculosis and subsequent cancer development has been investigated for many years. This study was planned to determine the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in patients with recently diagnosed bronchogenic carcinoma. METHODS Sixty-four newly diagnosed primary lung cancer patients were enrolled. Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection was performed with QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube tests, with exclusion of active tuberculosis. RESULTS Latent tuberculosis infection was detected in 16 (25%) patients, and 8 (12.5%) had indeterminate results of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test. Being a current smoker was associated with a higher prevalence of latent tuberculosis (p = 0.001). Comorbidities, tumor site, and histopathology were not associated with latent tuberculosis infection. CONCLUSIONS There is a considerable risk of concurrent latent tuberculosis in newly diagnosed primary bronchogenic carcinoma. The need for treatment of latent tuberculosis in these patients and its influence on the outcome and prognosis are issues for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fatma Mf Akl
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Rasha Mokhtar ELnagar
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Farouk Akl
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ehab
- Chest Medicine Department, Mansoura University, Egypt
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21
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Fereidouni M, Ferns GA, Bahrami A. Current status and perspectives regarding the association between allergic disorders and cancer. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1322-1339. [PMID: 32458542 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While activation of immune system may lead to a lower risk of some diseases, it has been shown that a history of atopic allergic disorders such as asthma, hay fever, eczema, and food allergies could be related to several types of cancer. However, the evidence is not entirely conclusive. Two proposals suggest a possible mechanism for the association between allergic disorders and cancers: immune surveillance and the antigenic stimulation. The association of allergy and cancer may vary by cancer site and the type of exposure. The aim of current review was to summarize the current knowledge of the association between allergic diseases and the risk of cancers with particular emphasis on case-controls and cohort studies to estimate the cancer risk associated with allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fereidouni
- Department of Immunology, Medical school Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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22
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Leung CY, Huang HL, Rahman MM, Nomura S, Krull Abe S, Saito E, Shibuya K. Cancer incidence attributable to tuberculosis in 2015: global, regional, and national estimates. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:412. [PMID: 32398031 PMCID: PMC7218646 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis is associated with increased risk of cancer. However, the impact of tuberculosis on global cancer burden is unknown. Methods We performed random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions of studies reporting the association between tuberculosis and cancer risks by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane library, and CINAHL from inception to 1 June 2019. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) of cancer incidence attributable to tuberculosis were calculated using relative risks from our meta-analyses and tuberculosis prevalence data from Global Health Data Exchange by age, sex, and country. The study has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42016050691). Results Fourty nine studies with 52,480 cancer cases met pre-specified inclusion criteria. Tuberculosis was associated with head and neck cancer (RR 2.64[95% CI 2.00–3.48]), hepatobiliary cancer (2.43[1.82–3.25]), Hodgkin’s lymphoma (2.19[1.62–2.97]), lung cancer (1.69[1.46–1.95]), gastrointestinal cancer (1.62[1.26–2.08]), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (1.61[1.34–1.94]), pancreatic cancer (1.58[1.28–1.96]), leukaemia (1.55[1.25–1.93]), kidney and bladder cancer (1.54[1.21–1.97]), and ovarian cancer (1.43[1.04–1.97]). We estimated that 2.33%(1.14–3.81) or 381,035(187145–623,404) of global cancer incidences in 2015 were attributable to tuberculosis. The PAFs varied by Socio-demographic Index (SDI)—ranging from 1.28% (0.57–2.31%) in the high-SDI countries to 3.51% (1.84–5.42%) in the middle-SDI countries. Individually, China and India accounted for 47% of all tuberculosis-related cancer cases. Conclusions Tuberculosis is associated with increased risk of cancer at ten sites. The burden of tuberculosis attributable cancer skewed towards lower resource countries. Research priorities are to better understand regional disparities and underlying mechanism linking tuberculosis and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yan Leung
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Division of Cancer Statistics Integration, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hsi-Lan Huang
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Division of Cancer Statistics Integration, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nomura
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sarah Krull Abe
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiko Saito
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Division of Cancer Statistics Integration, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Shibuya
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,University Institute for Population Health, King's College London, London, UK
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23
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Borregón Rivilla M, Martínez Barroso K, Ramos Reguera I. Severe Pulmonary Parenchymal Involvement Due to Reactivation of Latent Tuberculosis in a Patient With Small Cell Lung Cancer. Arch Bronconeumol 2020:S0300-2896(19)30613-1. [PMID: 32276826 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Background
Lung scar carcinoma, so called ‘scarcinoma’, is a perceived entity that was originally described by Friedrich in 1939, in which
a carcinoma originates from peripheral scarring of lung tissue. In a recent pilot study, there was a strong association between the geographic
location of lung cancer and the presence of scarring of the lung.
Objectives
To investigate this relationship in the largest cohort to date.
Methods
We reviewed all radiological images of patients (N=917) with confirmed lung cancer from 2013 - 2017 and included all who
had at least a staging computed tomography (CT) of the chest and a tissue diagnosis of primary lung cancer. Two pulmonary specialists
categorised all patients as no pulmonary scarring, scarring in the same lobe, scarring in the ipsilateral lung, but not lobe, scarring in the
contralateral lung and diffuse scarring both lungs.
Results
Almost 1 in 3 patients had pulmonary scarring. In patients with lung cancer, if scarring was present, the pulmonary scarring was
more likely to be found in the same lobe as the cancer compared with any other lobe, including the same lung (p<0.0001).
Conclusion
Pulmonary scarring was common, and there was a strong association between the geographical location of scarring and
primary lung cancer in those with scarring.
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25
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Muir AB, Whelan KA, Dougherty MK, Aaron B, Navarre B, Aceves SS, Dellon ES, Jensen ET. The potential for malignancy from atopic disorders and allergic inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:147-159. [PMID: 31743536 PMCID: PMC6994341 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While chronic inflammation is a well-established risk factor for malignancy, studies evaluating the relationship between allergic inflammation and cancer have revealed conflicting results. Here, we aimed to assess the association between allergic inflammation in the lung (asthma), skin (eczema) or oesophagus (eosinophilic oesophagitis; EoE) and cancer at the organ site. DESIGN We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify observational studies (case-control, cohort and cross-sectional) evaluating the association between asthma and lung cancer, eczema and skin cancer, or EoE and oesophageal cancer. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to define pooled estimates of effects. DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTION Included studies evaluated the incidence of cancer. RESULTS Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, 27 in the lung, four in the skin and one in the oesophagus. Meta-analysis of the three studies with prospective data collection of asthma diagnosis revealed a positive association with incident lung cancer (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09-1.44); however, this result was not consistently supported by the larger dataset of retrospective studies (OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.90-1.83). Overall, studies in the lung displayed significant heterogeneity (I2 98%, P < .0001), but no significant effect modification on the association between asthma and lung cancer was identified for the variables of sex, smoking or study design. Meta-analysis could not be applied to the four papers reviewed in the skin, but three suggested an association between eczema and non-melanoma skin cancer, while the remaining study failed to identify an association between melanoma and eczema. A single study meeting inclusion criteria showed no association between EoE and oesophageal malignancy. CONCLUSIONS The current data cannot exclude the possibility of an association between atopy and malignancy the lung, skin and oesophagus. The relationship between allergy and cancer should be explored further in prospective studies that any association identified between these conditions has the potential for significant public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Muir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perlman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kelly A Whelan
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael K Dougherty
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Bailey Aaron
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brianna Navarre
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Seema S Aceves
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Evan S Dellon
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Elizabeth T Jensen
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and, Prevention, Winston-Salem, NC
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Wood DE, Kazerooni EA, Baum SL, Eapen GA, Ettinger DS, Hou L, Jackman DM, Klippenstein D, Kumar R, Lackner RP, Leard LE, Lennes IT, Leung ANC, Makani SS, Massion PP, Mazzone P, Merritt RE, Meyers BF, Midthun DE, Pipavath S, Pratt C, Reddy C, Reid ME, Rotter AJ, Sachs PB, Schabath MB, Schiebler ML, Tong BC, Travis WD, Wei B, Yang SC, Gregory KM, Hughes M. Lung Cancer Screening, Version 3.2018, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2019; 16:412-441. [PMID: 29632061 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2018.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States and worldwide. Early detection of lung cancer is an important opportunity for decreasing mortality. Data support using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) of the chest to screen select patients who are at high risk for lung cancer. Lung screening is covered under the Affordable Care Act for individuals with high-risk factors. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) covers annual screening LDCT for appropriate Medicare beneficiaries at high risk for lung cancer if they also receive counseling and participate in shared decision-making before screening. The complete version of the NCCN Guidelines for Lung Cancer Screening provides recommendations for initial and subsequent LDCT screening and provides more detail about LDCT screening. This manuscript focuses on identifying patients at high risk for lung cancer who are candidates for LDCT of the chest and on evaluating initial screening findings.
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27
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Verma VA, Saundane AR. Synthesis of Some Novel 5-(8-Substituted-11H-Indolo[3,2-c]Isoquinolin-5-ylthio)-1′,3′,4′-Oxadiazol-2-Amines Bearing Thiazolidinones and Azetidinones as Potential Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Antituberculosis, and Anticancer Agents. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2019.1628782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaijinath A. Verma
- Department of Chemistry, S. S. Margol College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Shahabad, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Anand R. Saundane
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
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28
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Raymakers AJ, Sadatsafavi M, Sin DD, FitzGerald JM, Marra CA, Lynd LD. Inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of lung cancer in COPD: a population-based cohort study. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.01257-2018. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01257-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are often prescribed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Their impact on the risk of lung cancer, a leading cause of mortality in COPD patients, remains uncertain.Population-based linked administrative data between the years 1997 and 2007 from the province of British Columbia, Canada, were used to evaluate the association between lung cancer risk and ICS use in COPD patients. COPD was defined on the basis of receipt of three COPD-related prescriptions in subjects ≥50 years of age. Exposure to ICS was incorporated into multivariable Cox regression models using several time-dependent methods (“ever” exposure, cumulative duration of use, cumulative dose, weighted cumulative duration of use and weighted cumulative dose).There were 39 676 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The mean±sd age of the cohort was 70.7±11.1 years and 53% were female. There were 994 (2.5%) cases of lung cancer during follow-up. In the reference case analysis (time-dependent “ever” exposure), ICS exposure was associated with a 30% reduced risk of lung cancer (HR 0.70 (95% CI 0.61–0.80)). ICS exposure was associated with a decrease in the risk of lung cancer diagnosis over all five methods of quantifying exposure.This population-based study suggests that ICS use reduces the risk of lung cancer in COPD patients.
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29
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Sakr L, Hudson M, Wang M, Younanian E, Baron M, Bernatsky S. Interstitial lung disease is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in systemic sclerosis: Longitudinal data from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group. JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2018; 3:221-227. [PMID: 35382016 PMCID: PMC8922601 DOI: 10.1177/2397198318766825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The literature supports an increased risk of malignancy in systemic sclerosis, including lung cancer. Our objective was to identify potential independent predictors of lung cancer risk in systemic sclerosis. METHODS We used a cohort of 1560 systemic sclerosis patients from the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group, enrolled from 2004 and followed for a maximum of 11 years. Time to lung cancer was calculated from the onset of the first non-Raynaud's symptoms. Baseline demographic, clinical, and serological characteristics of patients with and without lung cancer were compared. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effects of demographic variables, exposure to smoking, disease duration, disease subset (diffuse vs limited), immunosuppressant drug exposure, and presence of interstitial lung disease on the risk of lung cancer. RESULTS Over the 5519 total person-years of follow-up, 18 SSc patients were diagnosed with lung cancer after cohort entry (3.2 cancers per 1000 person-years). In univariate comparisons, cancer cases were more likely to be male, to have a smoking history, and to have interstitial lung disease than non-cases. In multivariate analysis, interstitial lung disease was independently associated with the risk of lung cancer (hazard ratio: 2.95, 95% confidence interval: 1.10-7.87). CONCLUSION In addition to known demographic (male sex) and lifestyle risk factors (smoking), interstitial lung disease is an independent risk factor for lung cancer in systemic sclerosis. These results have implications for lung cancer screening in systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Sakr
- Division of Respirology, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Hudson
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Rheumatology, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mianbo Wang
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Murray Baron
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Rheumatology, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sasha Bernatsky
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Rheumatology, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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30
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Zhou F, Zhou C. Lung cancer in never smokers-the East Asian experience. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2018; 7:450-463. [PMID: 30225210 PMCID: PMC6131183 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2018.05.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Approximately one third of all lung cancer patients in East Asia are never-smokers. Furthermore, the proportion of lung cancer in never smokers (LCINS) has been increasing over time. Never-smokers are more often diagnosed with adenocarcinoma in East Asia, a subtype largely defined by oncogenic drivers. In this subgroup of patients, as high as 90% of patients have been found to harbor well-known oncogenic mutations and can be successfully managed with targeted therapies inhibiting specific oncogenic mutant kinases. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) treatment has been the most important targeted therapy in lung adenocarcinoma from East Asian never-smokers as approximately 70% of these patients have the opportunity to receive EGFR-TKI treatment. Lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are two common histologic types of smoking-related non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The proportion of never-smokers with SQCC and SCLC in East Asian patients seems to be higher than that in Caucasian patients. Recent studies also suggest that lung SQCC and SCLC in never-smokers may be distinct subtypes. Therefore, better understanding of the biologic characteristics of these subtypes of patients may provide new insights for the treatment. In this review, we will provide an overview of East Asian experience in the treatment of advanced, never-smoking lung cancer, focusing on etiologic factors in the development of LCINS, targeted therapy for never-smokers with adenocarcinoma, distinct characteristics of never-smokers with lung SQCC and SCLC, and the role of immunotherapy in never-smokers with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
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31
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Danciu A, Bondari S, Muntean M, Trifan C, Radu L, Bondari D. Squamous Pulmonary Neoplasia Grafted on Lesions of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Sequelae. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2018; 44:304-310. [PMID: 30647953 PMCID: PMC6311214 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.44.03.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinical symptoms of hemoptysis, chest pain, dyspnea, night sweats and weight loss seen in a patient known for 14 years with pulmonary tuberculosis with sequelae lesions, will always guide the diagnose to a reactivated pulmonary tuberculosis. Yet, in this case, the latest pulmonary radiography revealed newly emerging bilateral lesions with the appearance of a macronodular opacity of medium intensity, discreetly non-homogeneous, located apical-sub-clavicular on the right side, but also with an apical-sub-clavicular cavity lesion on the left side, well defined, with uniform opaque content, and clear-cut outline. Complementary examinations, computed tomography and biopsy bronchoscopy, confirmed the diagnosis of upper right lobe pulmonary tumor with suspicion of aspergilloma in the upper left lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Danciu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Emergency County Hospital of Slatina, Romania
| | - S Bondari
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - M Muntean
- Emergency County Hospital of Slatina, Romania
| | - C Trifan
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
- Emergency County Hospital of Slatina, Romania
| | - L Radu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - D Bondari
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
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32
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Chai Q, Zhang Y, Liu CH. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An Adaptable Pathogen Associated With Multiple Human Diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:158. [PMID: 29868514 PMCID: PMC5962710 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB), is an extremely successful pathogen that adapts to survive within the host. During the latency phase of infection, M. tuberculosis employs a range of effector proteins to be cloud the host immune system and shapes its lifestyle to reside in granulomas, sophisticated, and organized structures of immune cells that are established by the host in response to persistent infection. While normally being restrained in immunocompetent hosts, M. tuberculosis within granulomas can cause the recrudescence of TB when host immunity is compromised. Aside from causing TB, accumulating evidence suggests that M. tuberculosis is also associated with multiple other human diseases, such as pulmonary complications, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic syndromes. Furthermore, it has been recently appreciated that M. tuberculosis infection can also reciprocally interact with the human microbiome, which has a strong link to immune balance and health. In this review, we highlight the adaptive survival of M. tuberculosis within the host and provide an overview for regulatory mechanisms underlying interactions between M. tuberculosis infection and multiple important human diseases. A better understanding of how M. tuberculosis regulates the host immune system to cause TB and reciprocally regulates other human diseases is critical for developing rational treatments to better control TB and help alleviate its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyao Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Hua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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33
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Lung Cancer in Patients With Tuberculous Fibrothorax and Empyema: Computed Tomography and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2017; 41:772-778. [PMID: 28448410 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of lung cancers in patients with tuberculous fibrothorax or empyema. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 138 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of lung cancer combined with fibrothorax (n = 127) or empyema (n = 11) from January 2005 to May 2015. All patients underwent computed tomography, and 105 underwent F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Clinical, pathologic, and computed tomography characteristics and maximum standardized uptake values on positron emission tomography of 76 cancers ipsilateral to the fibrothorax or empyema (group 1) were compared with those of 62 contralateral cancers (group 2). RESULTS The median age at diagnosis of patients was 70 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 8.9:1. The most common type was squamous cell carcinoma (41.3%) followed by adenocarcinoma (39.1%). Most were in the peripheral lung (70.3%), and half abutted the pleura. The median maximum standardized uptake value was 8.9. Tumors in group 1 were larger (median, 48.5 vs 42.8 mm, P = 0.036) and more advanced (T3 or T4) (P = 0.014) than those in group 2. CONCLUSIONS Lung cancers ipsilateral to tuberculous fibrothorax or empyema presented larger and advanced T stages, and the diagnosis could be delayed. The most common type cancer was squamous cell carcinoma.
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34
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Hong S, Park EC, Kim TH, Kwon JA, Yoo KB, Han KT, Yoo JW, Kim SJ. Effect of pre existing respiratory conditions on survival of lung cancer patients: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2017; 14:e71-e80. [PMID: 28762660 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common diseases with potential to increase the risk of death from lung cancer have so far not been studied in large populations. METHODS We did a population-based retrospective cohort study using nationwide health insurance claims data from 2005 to 2012 in Korea including 205 403 lung cancer patients. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of lung cancer mortality by presence, time intervals with lung cancer diagnosis and combinations of pre-existing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, asthma and tuberculosis were calculated using the Cox-proportional hazards model. RESULTS The total number of person-years of follow-up was 397 780 and 60.2% of patients died (mean survival 23.2 months after lung cancer diagnosis). Lung cancer patients with previous respiratory disease had increased aHR for mortality (COPD, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.32, CI 1.29-1.35; pneumonia, HR = 1.14, CI 1.08-1.19; and asthma, HR = 1.11, CI 1.06-1.16). Risks were positively associated with longer duration of pre-existing disease diagnosis; cases with >5 years since diagnosis compared to <2 years: COPD, HR = 2.91, CI 2.82-3.00; pneumonia, HR = 1.67, CI 1.51-1.85; asthma, HR = 1.56, CI 1.45-1.68; and tuberculosis, HR = 2.03, CI 1.90-2.17. Furthermore, elevated HRs of death were found among patients with multiple pre-existing co-morbidities. CONCLUSION Hazards of death from lung cancer are significantly increased in cases with pre-existing lung disease, and worse with longer durations, and with multiple combinations before cancer diagnosis. Patients and physicians should be aware of these meaningful risk/prognostic factors for lung cancer when identifying high-risk patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seri Hong
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Hospital Administration, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeoung A Kwon
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ki-Bong Yoo
- Department of Healthcare Management, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Sun Jung Kim
- Department of Health Administration and Management, College of Medical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
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35
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Cui Y, Hill AW. Atopy and Specific Cancer Sites: a Review of Epidemiological Studies. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 51:338-352. [PMID: 27277132 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-016-8559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence appears to link asthma and atopy to cancer susceptibility. This review presents and discusses published epidemiological studies on the association between site-specific cancers and atopy. PubMed was searched electronically for publications between 1995 and 2015, and cited references were researched manually. Quantitative studies relating to atopy, allergy, or asthma and cancer were identified and tabulated. Despite many exposure-related limitations, patterns in the studies were observed. Asthma, specifically, has been observed to be a risk factor for lung cancer. A protective effect of atopic diseases against pancreatic cancer has been shown consistently in case-control studies but not in cohort studies. Allergy of any type appears to be protective against glioma and adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Most studies on atopic diseases and non-Hodgkin lymphoma or colorectal cancer reported an inverse association. The other sites identified had varying and non-significant outcomes. Further research should be dedicated to carefully defined exposure assessments of "atopy" as well as the biological plausibility in the association between atopic diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Yancheng, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 299 at Jiefangnan Road, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Andrew W Hill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Services, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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36
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Hara M, Iwakami SI, Matsumoto N, Miyawaki T, Wada R, Takahashi K. Carcinomatous pleuritis and pericarditis accompanied by pulmonary tuberculosis. Respirol Case Rep 2016; 4:e00202. [PMID: 28031837 PMCID: PMC5167291 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Although both lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) commonly occur in clinical practice, little attention has been paid to their coexistence. A 62‐year‐old female was admitted with acute dyspnoea secondary to cardiac tamponade. During her admission, a mass lesion harbouring air bronchograms in the right upper lobe rapidly increased in size. Surgical lung, pericardial, and pleural specimens yielded TB from a nodule in the right upper lobe and lung adenocarcinoma from the pericardium and pleura. Anti‐tuberculous therapy was administered and gefitinib was subsequently started after the positive identification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (exon 19 deletion). The patient's general condition gradually improved with the anti‐tuberculous and the EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI) treatment. Dual pathology is important to consider in patients with atypical radiological appearances. In those with proven EGFR mutation positive for lung cancer and pulmonary TB, sequential anti‐tuberculous medication followed by EGFR‐TKI treatment is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munechika Hara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital Shizuoka Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Iwakami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital Shizuoka Japan
| | - Naohisa Matsumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital Shizuoka Japan
| | - Taichi Miyawaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital Shizuoka Japan
| | - Ryo Wada
- Department of Pathology Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital Shizuoka Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
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37
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Hong S, Mok Y, Jeon C, Jee SH, Samet JM. Tuberculosis, smoking and risk for lung cancer incidence and mortality. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:2447-55. [PMID: 27521774 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Among the exposures associated with risk for lung cancer, a history of tuberculosis (TB) is one potentially important factor, given the high prevalence of TB worldwide. A prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the associations of preexisting pulmonary TB with lung cancer incidence and mortality. The cohort consisted of 1,607,710 Korean adults covered by the National Health Insurance System who had a biennial national medical examination during 1997-2000. During up to 16 years of follow-up, there were 12,819 incident cases of lung cancer and 9,562 lung cancer deaths. Using Cox proportional hazards models and controlling for age, cigarette smoking and other covariates, the presence of underlying TB was significantly associated with increased risk for lung cancer incidence (HR 1.37 in men with 95% CI 1.29-1.45; HR 1.49 in women with 95% CI 1.28-1.74) and mortality (HR 1.43 in men with 95% CI 1.34-1.52; HR 1.53 in women with 95% CI 1.28-1.83). We also observed a dose-response relationship between number of cigarettes smoked daily and lung cancer risk. There was no evidence for synergism between a history of TB and smoking. The elevation in risk is relatively modest, particularly in comparison to that from smoking, and a prior history of TB is not likely to be useful risk indicator for clinical purposes. In populations with high prevalence of TB, it can be considered for incorporation into models for lung cancer risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seri Hong
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Mok
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christina Jeon
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jonathan M Samet
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Institute for Global Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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38
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Hong QY, Wu GM, Qian GS, Hu CP, Zhou JY, Chen LA, Li WM, Li SY, Wang K, Wang Q, Zhang XJ, Li J, Gong X, Bai CX. Prevention and management of lung cancer in China. Cancer 2015; 121 Suppl 17:3080-8. [PMID: 26331814 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Ying Hong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Guo-Ming Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Gui-Sheng Qian
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Cheng-Ping Hu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha China
| | - Jian-Ying Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Liang-An Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Wei-Min Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Shi-Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease; Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Xiao-Ju Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Zhengzhou University People's Hospital; Zhengzhou China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Xin Gong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Chun-Xue Bai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease; Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou China
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Rihawi A, Huang G, Al-Hajj A, Bootwala Z. A case of tuberculosis and adenocarcinoma coexisting in the same lung lobe. Int J Mycobacteriol 2015; 5:80-2. [PMID: 26927994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis and lung cancer rarely coincide together but have been proven to have a definitive link. In this case we describe tuberculosis and adenocarcinoma diagnosed together in the same lobe of the lung. The patient was found to have an epidermal growth factor receptor exon 19 deletion, which has been shown to have an association with tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glen Huang
- Houston Medical Center, Warner-Robins, GA, USA
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Søgaard KK, Farkas DK, Pedersen L, Weiss NS, Thomsen RW, Sørensen HT. Pneumonia and the incidence of cancer: a Danish nationwide cohort study. J Intern Med 2015; 277:429-38. [PMID: 24831031 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the risk of a subsequent pulmonary or extra-pulmonary cancer diagnosis following a first-time hospital-based diagnosis of pneumonia. DESIGN Population-based cohort study using Danish medical registries. SETTING All hospitals in Denmark. SUBJECTS A total of 342,609 patients with a first-time hospital-based (inpatient, emergency room or outpatient clinic) diagnosis of pneumonia between 1995 and 2011. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We quantified the excess risk of various cancers amongst pneumonia patients compared to the expected risk in the general population, using relative [standardised incidence ratios (SIRs)] and absolute risk calculations. Follow-up started 1 month after a hospital-based diagnosis of pneumonia and ended on 31 December 2011. RESULTS A total of 28,496 cancers were observed, compared with 21,625 expected, amongst 342,609 pneumonia patients followed for a median of 4.2 years. The absolute risk of a cancer diagnosis 1 to <6 months following a pneumonia diagnosis was 1.4%, with a corresponding SIR of 2.48 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.41-2.55]. This was mainly due to an increased risk of lung cancer (eightfold) and haematological cancers (fourfold). The SIR for any cancer remained increased at 1.35 (95% CI 1.30-1.40) during 6-12 months of follow-up, and 1.20 (95% CI 1.18-1.22) during 1-5 years of follow-up. Beyond 5 years, an increased risk was maintained for lung, oesophageal, liver and bladder cancers, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, lymphoma and multiple myeloma. CONCLUSIONS A hospital-based pneumonia diagnosis was associated with an increased risk of a cancer diagnosis, especially in the ensuing months, but the absolute risk was small.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Søgaard
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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41
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Zhou C. Lung cancer molecular epidemiology in China: recent trends. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 3:270-9. [PMID: 25806311 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2014.09.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is both the most common diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer related deaths in China. During the past three decades, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer in China are increasing rapidly. According to data from National Central Cancer Registry (NCCR) in 2010, the crude incidence of lung cancer in China was 46.08 per 100,000 population (61.86 per 100,000 men and 29.54 per 100,000 women), with an estimated over 600,000 new diagnosed lung cancer patients (416,333 males and 189,613 females). Meanwhile, the crude mortality of lung cancer in China was 37.00 per 100,000 population (50.04 per 100,000 men and 23.33 per 100,000 women). Consistent with the change in developed countries, adenocarcinoma has become the most predominant histological subtype of lung cancer in China. For the majority advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, especially patients with adenocarcinoma, targeted therapy became increasing important in the treatment. Chinese researcher have done a lot work in terms of lung cancer molecular epidemiology, therefore, in this review, we further summarized the epidemiology of driver genes in NSCLC, hoping to help clinicians to better screen certain driver genes in China for treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
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42
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Bae KM, Lim SC, Kim HH, Lee WJ, Yun NR, Kim CM, Kim DM. The relevance of biopsy in tuberculosis patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 92:636-40. [PMID: 25487729 PMCID: PMC4350565 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although chronic granulomatous inflammation (CGI) with concomitant caseous necrosis (CN) is a characteristic histological feature of tuberculosis (TB), few studies have investigated its frequency or various pathologic findings. The medical records of 227 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -negative, culture-positive TB patients who underwent biopsy were studied. After the frequency of characteristic pathological findings of TB was determined, a pathologist reanalyzed the pathological findings with particular focus on necrosis and reclassified CGI, CN, or possible CN into possible TB pathologic findings. The initial biopsy interpretation revealed that 63 (34.8%) of 181 patients with pulmonary TB had caseating granulomas, 36 (19.9%) patients had only CGI, and 6 (3.3%) patients had only CN. Among 46 patients with extrapulmonary TB, 16 (34.8%) patients had only caseating granulomas, and 14 (30.4%) patients had only CGI. More patients who underwent percutaneous lung biopsy had CGI or CN (76.3%) than patients who underwent transbronchial lung biopsy (53.6%). The reanalysis confirmed all CN cases identified by the first interpretation, and 20 (95.2%) of 21 non-CN cases were reclassified as possible CN. Ten cases (three pulmonary and seven extrapulmonary) were reclassified as possible TB pathologic findings from just necrosis. Caseating granuloma was present in only one-third of TB cases. Even in cases where only necrosis was identified, CN may be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Bae
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea; Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Lim
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea; Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ho Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea; Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Woo Jin Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea; Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Na Ra Yun
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea; Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Choon-Mee Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea; Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea; Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
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43
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Bae KM, Lim SC, Kim HH, Lee WJ, Yun NR, Kim CM, Kim DM. The relevance of biopsy in tuberculosis patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014. [PMID: 25487729 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0656.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chronic granulomatous inflammation (CGI) with concomitant caseous necrosis (CN) is a characteristic histological feature of tuberculosis (TB), few studies have investigated its frequency or various pathologic findings. The medical records of 227 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -negative, culture-positive TB patients who underwent biopsy were studied. After the frequency of characteristic pathological findings of TB was determined, a pathologist reanalyzed the pathological findings with particular focus on necrosis and reclassified CGI, CN, or possible CN into possible TB pathologic findings. The initial biopsy interpretation revealed that 63 (34.8%) of 181 patients with pulmonary TB had caseating granulomas, 36 (19.9%) patients had only CGI, and 6 (3.3%) patients had only CN. Among 46 patients with extrapulmonary TB, 16 (34.8%) patients had only caseating granulomas, and 14 (30.4%) patients had only CGI. More patients who underwent percutaneous lung biopsy had CGI or CN (76.3%) than patients who underwent transbronchial lung biopsy (53.6%). The reanalysis confirmed all CN cases identified by the first interpretation, and 20 (95.2%) of 21 non-CN cases were reclassified as possible CN. Ten cases (three pulmonary and seven extrapulmonary) were reclassified as possible TB pathologic findings from just necrosis. Caseating granuloma was present in only one-third of TB cases. Even in cases where only necrosis was identified, CN may be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Bae
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea; Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Lim
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea; Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ho Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea; Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Woo Jin Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea; Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Na Ra Yun
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea; Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Choon-Mee Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea; Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, South Korea; Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Hirashima T, Nagai T, Shigeoka H, Tamura Y, Yoshida H, Kawahara K, Kondoh Y, Sakai K, Hashimoto S, Fujishima M, Shiroyama T, Tamiya M, Morishita N, Suzuki H, Okamoto N, Kawase I. Comparison of the clinical courses and chemotherapy outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer patients with and without active Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium kansasii infection: a retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:770. [PMID: 25326267 PMCID: PMC4210613 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although active Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) or Mycobacterium Kansasii (MK) infection could be present in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (m-CRC), no study is available on the clinical courses and chemotherapy outcomes of these patients. The present study therefore aimed to retrospectively examine whether m-CRC patients with and without active MTB or MK infection could receive cancer chemotherapy similarly. Methods This study enrolled 30 m-CRC patients who received first-line chemotherapy between January 31, 2006 and January 31, 2013 at our institution, The clinical courses and tumor response of those with and without active MTB or MK infection were examined and compared. Results Of 30 m-CRC patients, 6 had active MTB infection, 1 with active MK and the other 23 had neither MTB nor MK. No significant demographic differences were observed between patients with MTB or MK and those without. Chemotherapy response rates of all patients, those with MTB or MK, and those without were 40.0%, 28.6% and 43.5%, respectively. Among patients with MTB or MK, 1 treated with bevacizumab experienced grade-3 hemoptysis while others did not report any severe toxicity. Median survival time of all studied patients, those with MTB or MK, and those without was 26.3, 36.7 and 22.6 months, respectively. No significant difference in overall survival was observed between patients with MTB or MK and those without. Multivariate analysis revealed that performance status and liver metastasis were significant prognostic factors of overall survival (P = 0.004 and 0.030, respectively), whereas other factors, including MTB or MK infection, were not. In our study, all 7 patients with MTB or MK did not experience infection relapse during or after cancer chemotherapy. Conclusions Our results indicate that m-CRC patients with MTB or MK should be able to safely and effectively continue cancer chemotherapy to subsequently achieve comparable survival duration to those without the infection if they receive proper MTB or MK treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Hirashima
- Department of Thoracic Malignancy, Osaka Prefectural Medical Center for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, 3-7-1 Habikino, Habikino City, Osaka 583-8588, Japan.
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Wang H, Yang L, Deng J, Wang B, Yang X, Yang R, Cheng M, Fang W, Qiu F, Zhang X, Ji W, Ran P, Zhou Y, Lu J. Genetic variant in the 3'-untranslated region of VEGFR1 gene influences chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer development in Chinese population. Mutagenesis 2014; 29:311-7. [PMID: 24891316 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung inflammation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) are two pathogenic features for the two contextual diseases: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. VEGFR1 (or FLT1) plays a certain role in promoting tumour growth, inflammation and EMT. To simultaneously test the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VEGFR1 and risk of COPD and lung cancer would reveal genetic mechanisms shared by these two diseases and joint aetiology. We conducted a two-population hospital-based case-control study. Three potential functional SNPs (rs664393, rs7326277 and rs9554314) were genotyped in southern Chinese and validated in eastern Chinese to explore their associations with COPD risk in 1511 COPD patients and 1677 normal lung function controls, and with lung cancer risk in 1559 lung cancer cases and 1679 cancer-free controls. We also detected the function of the promising SNP. Individuals carrying the rs7326277C (CT+CC) variant genotypes of VEGFR1 had a significant decrease in risk of both COPD (OR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.68-0.90) and lung cancer (OR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.64-0.98), compared with those carrying the rs7326277TT genotype. Functional assays further showed that the rs7326277C genotypes had lower transcriptional activity and caused decreased VEGFR expression, compared with the rs7326277TT genotype. However, no significant association was observed for the other two SNPs (rs664393 and rs9554314) and either COPD or lung cancer risk. Our data suggested that the rs7326277C variant of VEGFR1 could reduce both COPD and lung cancer risk by lowering VEGFR1 mRNA expression; the SNP might be a common susceptible locus for both COPD and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, Guangdong, China, School of Public Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Yang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieqiong Deng
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China and
| | - Bo Wang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei Cheng
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenxiang Fang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Fuman Qiu
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Weidong Ji
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Pixin Ran
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China and
| | - Jiachun Lu
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, Guangdong, China,
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Self-reported prior lung diseases as risk factors for non-small cell lung cancer in Mexican Americans. J Immigr Minor Health 2014; 15:910-7. [PMID: 22847640 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-012-9690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the association between prior history of respiratory disease and lung cancer among Mexican Americans using data from a multi-racial/ethnic lung cancer case-control study. Cases (n = 204) were patients with previously untreated lung cancer. Healthy control participants (n = 325) were recruited from a large physician group practice. Demographics, cigarette use, and history of respiratory disease were collected. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate relative risk. Prior history of COPD (OR = 2.0; 95 % CI 1.2-3.3) and pneumonia (OR = 2.2; 95 % CI 1.3-3.6) were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. These findings illustrate that prior COPD and pneumonia are associated with an increased risk of lung cancer among Mexican Americans. To our knowledge, this is one of largest case-control analyses assessing the role of respiratory disease and lung cancer risk specifically among Mexican-Americans.
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Silva DR, Valentini DF, Müller AM, de Almeida CPB, Dalcin PDTR. Pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer: simultaneous and sequential occurrence. J Bras Pneumol 2014; 39:484-9. [PMID: 24068271 PMCID: PMC4075860 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132013000400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death and represents a major public health problem worldwide. Another major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries, is tuberculosis. The simultaneous or sequential occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis and LC in the same patient has been reported in various case series and case-control studies. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients developing tuberculosis and LC, either simultaneously or sequentially. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study based on the review of medical charts. RESULTS The study involved 24 patients diagnosed with tuberculosis and LC between 2009 and 2012. The diagnoses of tuberculosis and LC occurred simultaneously in 10 patients, whereas tuberculosis was diagnosed prior to LC in 14. The median time between the two diagnoses was 5 years (interquartile range: 1-30 years). Fourteen patients (58.3%) were male, 20 (83.3%) were White, and 22 (91.7%) were smokers or former smokers. The most common histological type was adenocarcinoma, identified in 14 cases (58.3%), followed by epidermoid carcinoma, identified in 6 (25.0%). Seven patients (29.2%) presented with distant metastases at diagnosis; of those 7 patients, 5 (71%) were diagnosed with LC and tuberculosis simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, most of the patients with tuberculosis and LC were smokers or former smokers, and tuberculosis was diagnosed either before or simultaneously with LC. Non-small cell lung cancer, especially adenocarcinoma, was the most common histological type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Rossato Silva
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Christopoulos A, Saif MW, Sarris EG, Syrigos KN. Epidemiology of active tuberculosis in lung cancer patients: a systematic review. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2014; 8:375-81. [PMID: 24345074 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this review article is to evaluate the available literature concerning the prevalence of active tuberculosis in lung cancer patients. DATA SOURCE MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and Medscape databases were searched for studies with quantitative data on the interaction between tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer, published since 1952. We used the Medical Subject Headings' term 'tuberculosis' and the text-word terms 'TB' and 'Mycobacterium infection', and also, the Medical Subject Headings' terms 'neoplasm' and 'lung neoplasm', or the text-word term 'lung cancer'. DATA SELECTION We selected studies with cases verified by bacteriological examinations and biopsies that contained enough data to estimate tuberculosis prevalence. We did not exclude any study on the basis of language. RESULTS The prevalence of active tuberculosis among lung cancer patients varies depending on spatial and regional factors. Lung cancer patients who are more prone to developing tuberculosis are Asian and Caucasian males, with an average age of 60 years old. The prevalence of tuberculosis is higher in patients with chest X-ray evidence of old tuberculosis and/or history of tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heavy cigarette smoking, increased alcohol consumption, and/or diabetes mellitus. A high mortality rate because of tuberculosis in lung cancer patients was also estimated. CONCLUSION Active tuberculosis complicating lung cancer is a significant clinical issue in countries with high prevalence of tuberculosis. However, as the there is a lack of reports from developed countries over the last 20 years, the significance of this interaction in countries with low tuberculosis burden remains controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Christopoulos
- School of Health & Welfare Professions, Department of Nursing, Technological Educational Institute of Patras, Patra, Greece
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Shiels MS, Pfeiffer RM, Hildesheim A, Engels EA, Kemp TJ, Park JH, Katki HA, Koshiol J, Shelton G, Caporaso NE, Pinto LA, Chaturvedi AK. Circulating inflammation markers and prospective risk for lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105:1871-80. [PMID: 24249745 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite growing recognition of an etiologic role for inflammation in lung carcinogenesis, few prospective epidemiologic studies have comprehensively investigated the association of circulating inflammation markers with lung cancer. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study (n = 526 lung cancer patients and n = 592 control subjects) within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Control subjects were matched to lung cancer case patients on age, sex, follow-up time (median = 2.9 years), randomization year, and smoking (pack-years and time since quitting). Serum levels of 77 inflammation markers were measured using a Luminex bead-based assay. Conditional logistic regression and weighted Cox models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and cumulative risks, respectively. RESULTS Of 68 evaluable markers, 11 were statistically significantly associated with lung cancer risk (P trend across marker categories < .05), including acute-phase proteins (C-reactive protein [CRP], serum amyloid A [SAA]), proinflammatory cytokines (soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 [sTNFRII]), anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1 receptor antagonist [IL-1RA]), lymphoid differentiation cytokines (interleukin 7 [IL-7]), growth factors (transforming growth factor alpha [TGF-A]), and chemokines (epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78 [ENA 78/CXCL5], monokine induced by gamma interferon [MIG/CXCL9], B cell-attracting chemokine 1 [BCA-1/CXCL13], thymus activation regulated chemokine [TARC/CCL17], macrophage-derived chemokine [MDC/CCL22]). Elevated marker levels were associated with increased lung cancer risk, with odds ratios comparing the highest vs the lowest group ranging from 1.47 (IL-7) to 2.27 (CRP). For IL-1RA, elevated levels were associated with decreased lung cancer risk (OR = 0.71; 95% confidence interval = 0.51 to 1.00). Associations did not differ by smoking, lung cancer histology, or latency. A cross-validated inflammation score using four independent markers (CRP, BCA-1/CXCL13, MDC/CCL22, and IL-1RA) provided good separation in 10-year lung cancer cumulative risks among former smokers (quartile [Q] 1 = 1.1% vs Q4 = 3.1%) and current smokers (Q1 = 2.3% vs Q4 = 7.9%) even after adjustment for smoking. CONCLUSIONS Some circulating inflammation marker levels are associated with prospective lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith S Shiels
- Affiliations of authors: Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch (MSS, AH, EAE, JK, AKC), Biostatistics Branch (RMP, HAK), and Genetic Epidemiology Branch (NEC), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; HPV Immunology Laboratory, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick, MD (TJK, GS, LAP); Department of Statistics, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea (J-HP)
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Increased lung cancer risk among patients with pneumococcal pneumonia: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Lung 2013; 192:159-65. [PMID: 24150601 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-013-9523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The possible effects of pneumonia on subsequent lung cancer have been reported, but no relevant publications have focused on the association between pneumococcal pneumonia and lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to perform a nationwide population-based cohort study to investigate the risk of lung cancer after pneumococcus infection. METHODS This nationwide population-based cohort study was based on data obtained from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. In total, 22,034 pneumococcal pneumonia patients and 88,136 controls, matched for age and sex, were recruited for the study from 1997 to 2010. RESULTS The incidence rate of lung cancer (28.2 per 1,000 person-years) was significantly higher in pneumococcal pneumonia patients than in controls (8.7 per 1,000 person-years; incidence rate ratio, 3.25; 95 % confidence interval, 3.09-3.42; p < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed a hazard ratio of 4.24 (95 % confidence interval, 3.96-4.55) for the pneumococcal pneumonia cohort after adjustment for age, gender, and comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS Pneumococcal pneumonia is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. Thus, physicians should remain aware of this association when assessing patients with pneumococcal pneumonia.
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