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Klebe S, Rathi V, Russell PA. Lung cancer caused by asbestos: What a reporting pathologist needs to know. Lung Cancer 2024; 195:107849. [PMID: 39089005 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2024.107849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Asbestos is a carcinogen that can cause lung cancer. The suspicion that a lung cancer diagnosis may be associated with exposure to asbestos has no bearing on treatment. However, attributing an individual's lung cancer to asbestos exposure has important medicolegal implications and may impact public health measures and policy. Simultaneous exposure(s) to other carcinogens (such as tobacco smoke, silica and many others) adds complexity while trying to answer the causation question. The Helsinki criteria were formulated to assist attributing lung cancer to previous asbestos exposure. Surrogate markers can be used and include signs of asbestosis and pleural plaques. The most widely used criterion for the presence of asbestosis is interstitial fibrosis in conjunction with 2 or more asbestos bodies/1 cm2 tissue section by light microscopy. Identification of asbestos bodies ty light pr electron microscopy provides an important element for asbestos diagnosis. However, fibrosis may be subtle, and the distribution of asbestos bodies is not uniform throughout the lungs, some types of asbestos fibres have low biopersistence, and not all types of asbestos readily form asbestos bodies. Additional criteria require knowledge of exposure history, which is often unknown to pathologists, but reliance on morphology in isolation may lead to mis-classification of interstitial lung disease as idiopathic. While a smoking-related lung cancer signature has emerged, an asbestos-related lung cancer signature has not yet been identified. In this review we will discuss practice points for the surgical pathologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Klebe
- Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; Department of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Vivek Rathi
- LifeStrands Genomics and TissuPath Pathology, Mount Waverley, Victoria, Australia
| | - P A Russell
- LifeStrands Genomics and TissuPath Pathology, Mount Waverley, Victoria, Australia
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Naseeb U, Alam MT, Pervez F, Mustafa MS, Azam U, Laila S, Shafique MA. Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of Passive Smoking Among Medical and Dental Students of Karachi: A Survey-Based Study. Tob Use Insights 2024; 17:1179173X241258347. [PMID: 38800830 PMCID: PMC11119405 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x241258347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Passive smoking, the involuntary inhalation of tobacco smoke, poses significant health risks; however, its prevalence and impact on medical and dental students in Karachi, Pakistan, remain understudied. Therefore, this research aims to understand the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding passive smoking among medical and dental students and will help shed light on their awareness, perceptions, and behaviours regarding this public health concern. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted over 3 months, involving 378 medical and dental students (303 medical and 75 dental students)from various universities in Karachi. Participants completed a questionnaire to gather information on demographics, awareness of passive smoking, perceptions of its health effects, and actions taken in response to exposure. Results The majority of participants demonstrated awareness of passive smoking 320 (84.7%) and believed that it was essentially linked to active smoking 320 (84.7%). Cigarette smoke was identified as the primary contributor to passive smoking 345 (91.3%). A significant proportion of participants believed that children and pregnant women exposed to passive smoking had elevated health risks. In areas where smoking is not permissible, less than half of the participants 173 (45.8%) reminded smokers about the smoking regulations, and a few even referred smokers for counselling 141 (37.3%). Males are usually indifferent to smokers around them, whereas females are found uncomfortable with smoking in their surroundings. Conclusion In conclusion, our study highlights the persistent prevalence of passive smoking among medical and dental students in Pakistan. Enforcing strict tobacco control policies, integrating passive smoking education into medical curricula, and improving communication strategies for smoking cessation interventions are crucial steps towards creating smoke-free environments and healthier lifestyles nationwide. Despite awareness among medical and dental students about the dangers of cigarette smoking, their reluctance to urge regular smokers to quit underscores the need for improved communication between smokers and non-smokers to foster a cleaner and hazard-free environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Naseeb
- Department of Biochemistry, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Faariah Pervez
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Umama Azam
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sindhu Laila
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Loh CH, Koh PW, Ang DJM, Lee WC, Chew WM, Koh JMK. Characteristics of Singapore lung cancer patients who miss out on lung cancer screening recommendations. Singapore Med J 2024; 65:279-287. [PMID: 35366661 PMCID: PMC11182457 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2022039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) identified individuals at high risk for lung cancer and showed that serial low-dose helical computed tomography could identify lung cancer at an earlier stage, leading to mortality reduction. However, there is little evidence regarding the effectiveness of the NLST criteria for the Asian population. METHODS We performed a retrospective audit in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2018, with the aim to describe the characteristics of patients diagnosed with lung cancer and to identify patients who would miss out on lung cancer screening when the NLST criteria was applied. RESULTS We found that only 38.1% of our cohort who were diagnosed with lung cancer met the NLST criteria strictly by age and smoking status. Patients who met the screening criteria would have derived significant benefits from it, as 85.4% of our patients had presented at an advanced stage and 54.6% died within 1 year. When the United States Preventive Services Task Force criteria was applied, it increased the sensitivity of lung cancer diagnosis to 58.7%. Only 15.5% of the female patients with lung cancer met the NLST criteria; their low smoking quantity was a significant contributing factor for exclusion. CONCLUSION The majority of Singapore patients diagnosed with lung cancer, especially females, would not have been identified with the NLST criteria. However, those who met the inclusion criteria would have benefited greatly from screening. Extending the screening age upper limit may yield benefits and improved sensitivity in the Singapore context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Hong Loh
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Pearly Wenjia Koh
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Wei Chee Lee
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wui Mei Chew
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jansen Meng Kwang Koh
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
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Korbecki J, Bosiacki M, Szatkowska I, Kupnicka P, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. The Clinical Significance and Involvement in Molecular Cancer Processes of Chemokine CXCL1 in Selected Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4365. [PMID: 38673949 PMCID: PMC11050300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokines play a key role in cancer processes, with CXCL1 being a well-studied example. Due to the lack of a complete summary of CXCL1's role in cancer in the literature, in this study, we examine the significance of CXCL1 in various cancers such as bladder, glioblastoma, hemangioendothelioma, leukemias, Kaposi's sarcoma, lung, osteosarcoma, renal, and skin cancers (malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma), along with thyroid cancer. We focus on understanding how CXCL1 is involved in the cancer processes of these specific types of tumors. We look at how CXCL1 affects cancer cells, including their proliferation, migration, EMT, and metastasis. We also explore how CXCL1 influences other cells connected to tumors, like promoting angiogenesis, recruiting neutrophils, and affecting immune cell functions. Additionally, we discuss the clinical aspects by exploring how CXCL1 levels relate to cancer staging, lymph node metastasis, patient outcomes, chemoresistance, and radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Iwona Szatkowska
- Department of Ruminants Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29 St., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (M.B.); (D.C.)
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Mortensen ASM, Kolstad HA, Hansen KK. Extent of smoking at a Danish hospital with a smoke-free policy. Scand J Public Health 2024; 52:10-14. [PMID: 36271600 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221119637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM One-fifth of the Danish population smoke and exposure to second-hand smoke has well-documented adverse health effects. The smoking policy at hospital level prohibits hospital staff from smoking on the hospital grounds while patients and visitors may smoke in outdoor smoking cabins. This study aimed to quantify smoking at a Danish hospital and document any policy breaches. METHODS In April 2020, we collected cigarette butts and observed smokers at the outdoor grounds to document smoking behaviour. RESULTS In total, 7152 cigarette butts were collected during one week and 368 people were observed smoking at the outdoor grounds during four observation days. Of all collected cigarette butts, 55% were collected outside the smoking cabins and 62% of all smokers were observed smoking outside the smoking cabins. In addition, 31 staff were observed smoking. CONCLUSIONS This study documents that smoking is prevalent at a smoke-free hospital and that the smoking policy is frequently violated. The frequency of smoking outside the cabins may at least partly be influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Smoking at a hospital can expose patients, visitors and staff to second-hand smoke with subsequent adverse health effects. Hospitals could play an exemplary role towards a smoke-free society (and not the exception), but the opportunity is not always seized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sofie M Mortensen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Henrik A Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Karoline K Hansen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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Halms T, Strasser M, Hasan A, Rüther T, Trepel M, Raab S, Gertzen M. Smoking and quality of life in lung cancer patients: systematic review. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2024; 13:e686-e694. [PMID: 37607808 DOI: 10.1136/spcare-2023-004256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer (LC) accounts for the largest number of cancer deaths worldwide, with smoking being the leading cause for its development. While quality of life (QoL) is a crucial factor in the treatment of patients with LC, the impact of smoking status on QoL remains unclear. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of available evidence on the relationship between smoking status and QoL among patients with LC. METHODS A systematic search of Embase, Medline and Web of Science was conducted. Studies reporting the impact of smoking status on QoL among patients with LC were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of studies, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme appraisal tool for cohort studies. A descriptive synthesis was performed due to the heterogeneity of the studies. RESULTS A total of 23 studies met the inclusion criteria (17 studies providing cross-sectional and 6 longitudinal data). The studies included a total of 10 251 participants. The results suggested a tendency towards lower QoL among smokers compared with non-smokers. The effect of smoking cessation on QoL was insufficiently investigated in the included studies and therefore remains inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this review suggest that current smokers may experience worse QoL than former and never smokers. The results of this systematic review should, however, be viewed in the context of the difficulty of data collection in this patient group given the low survival rates and low performance status, among other factors and in light of the large variety of different QoL measures used. Future research requires uniform QoL measures, a holistic representation of all patients with LC as well as a comprehensive consideration of all potential determinants of QoL. The potential benefits of smoking cessation on QoL among patients with LC require investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Halms
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Martina Strasser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Rüther
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig‑Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Trepel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Augsburg (CCCA), Augsburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Raab
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Gertzen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Fang H, Dong T, Li S, Zhang Y, Han Z, Liu M, Dong W, Hong Z, Fu M, Zhang H. A Bibliometric Analysis of Comorbidity of COPD and Lung Cancer: Research Status and Future Directions. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:3049-3065. [PMID: 38149238 PMCID: PMC10750778 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s425735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Although studies on the association between COPD and lung cancer are of great significance, no bibliometric analysis has been conducted in the field of their comorbidity. This bibliometric analysis explores the current situation and frontier trends in the field of COPD and lung cancer comorbidity, and to lay a new direction for subsequent research. Methods Articles in the field of COPD and cancer comorbidity were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collections (WoSCC) from 2004 to 2023, and analyzed by VOSviewer, CiteSpace, Biblimatrix and WPS Office. Results In total, 3330 publications were included. The USA was the leading country with the most publications and great influence. The University of Groningen was the most productive institution. Edwin Kepner Silverman was the most influential scholar in this field. PLOS One was found to be the most prolific journal. Mechanisms and risk factors were of vital importance in this research field. Environmental pollution and pulmonary fibrosis may be future research prospects. Conclusion This bibliometric analysis provided new guidance for the development of the field of COPD and lung cancer comorbidity by visualizing current research hotspots, and predicting possible hot research directions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Fang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100029
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tairan Dong
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100029
| | - Shanlin Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100029
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100029
| | - Zhuojun Han
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100029
| | - Mingfei Liu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100029
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Dong
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100029
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Hong
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100029
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongchun Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100029
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
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Arfaeinia H, Ghaemi M, Jahantigh A, Soleimani F, Hashemi H. Secondhand and thirdhand smoke: a review on chemical contents, exposure routes, and protective strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28128-1. [PMID: 37306877 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Secondhand smoke (SHS: a mixture of sidestream and mainstream smoke) and thirdhand smoke (THS: made up of the pollutants that settle indoors after smoking in closed environments) are a significant public health concern. SHS and THS contain various chemicals which can be released into the air or settle on surfaces. At present, the hazards of SHS and THS are not as well documented. In this review, we describe the chemical contents of THS and SHS, exposure routes, vulnerable groups, health effects, and protective strategies. The literature search was conducted for published papers on September 2022 in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. This review could provide a comprehensive understanding of the chemical contents of THS and SHS, exposure routes, vulnerable groups, health effects, protective strategies, and future researches on environmental tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Arfaeinia
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghaemi
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave, Tehran, 1411813389, Iran
| | - Anis Jahantigh
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Farshid Soleimani
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Hassan Hashemi
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Cani M, Turco F, Butticè S, Vogl UM, Buttigliero C, Novello S, Capelletto E. How Does Environmental and Occupational Exposure Contribute to Carcinogenesis in Genitourinary and Lung Cancers? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2836. [PMID: 37345174 PMCID: PMC10216822 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposures have been associated with an increased risk of different types of cancers, although the exact mechanisms of higher carcinogenesis risk are not always well understood. Lung cancer is the leading cause of global cancer mortality, and, also, genitourinary neoplasms are among the main causes of cancer-related deaths in Western countries. The purpose of this review is to describe the main environmental and occupational factors that increase the risk of developing lung and genitourinary cancers and to investigate carcinogenesis mechanisms that link these agents to cancer onset. Further objectives are to identify methods for the prevention or the early detection of carcinogenic agents and, therefore, to reduce the risk of developing these cancers or to detect them at earlier stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Cani
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.C.); (F.T.); (C.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Fabio Turco
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.C.); (F.T.); (C.B.); (E.C.)
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Simona Butticè
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.C.); (F.T.); (C.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Ursula Maria Vogl
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Consuelo Buttigliero
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.C.); (F.T.); (C.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Silvia Novello
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.C.); (F.T.); (C.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Enrica Capelletto
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.C.); (F.T.); (C.B.); (E.C.)
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Alizadeh J, Kavoosi M, Singh N, Lorzadeh S, Ravandi A, Kidane B, Ahmed N, Mraiche F, Mowat MR, Ghavami S. Regulation of Autophagy via Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082195. [PMID: 37190124 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes are an important component of tumor cell progression. Tumor cells adapt to environmental stresses via changes to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Autophagy, a physiological process in mammalian cells that digests damaged organelles and misfolded proteins via lysosomal degradation, is closely associated with metabolism in mammalian cells, acting as a meter of cellular ATP levels. In this review, we discuss the changes in glycolytic and lipid biosynthetic pathways in mammalian cells and their impact on carcinogenesis via the autophagy pathway. In addition, we discuss the impact of these metabolic pathways on autophagy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Alizadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Mahboubeh Kavoosi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Navjit Singh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Biniam Kidane
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 6C5, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Section of Radiation Oncology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Fatima Mraiche
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Michael R Mowat
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
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Kim J, Song H, Lee J, Kim YJ, Chung HS, Yu JM, Jang G, Park R, Chung W, Oh CM, Moon S. Smoking and passive smoking increases mortality through mediation effect of cadmium exposure in the United States. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3878. [PMID: 36890267 PMCID: PMC9995499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable and premature death worldwide. Even worse, many people are generally exposed to passive smoking, which leads to several respiratory diseases and related mortalities. Considering, more than 7000 compounds are included in cigarettes, their combustion results intoxicants that have deleterious effects on health. However, there is a lack of research analyzing the effects of smoking and passive smoking on all-cause and disease-specific mortality through its chemical compounds including heavy metals. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of smoking and passive smoking on all-cause and disease-specific mortality mediated by cadmium, one of the representative smoking-related heavy metals using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018 in the United States. We found that current smoking and passive smoking was related to increased risk of all-cause, CVD-related, and cancer-related mortality. Notably, passive smoking showed a synergistic effect with smoking status on the risk of mortality. In particular, current smokers with passive smoking had the highest risk of all-cause and disease-specific deaths. In addition, the accumulation of cadmium in the blood due to smoking and passive smoking mediates the increased risk of all-cause mortality. Further studies are needed to monitor and treat cadmium toxicity to improve smoking-related mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hangyul Song
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Junghoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Soo Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Myung Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyuho Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Raekil Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Wankyo Chung
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Myung Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea.
| | - Shinje Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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12
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Alvarez MR, Zhou Q, Tena J, Barboza M, Wong M, Xie Y, Lebrilla CB, Cabanatan M, Barzaga MT, Tan-Liu N, Heralde FM, Serrano L, Nacario RC, Completo GC. Glycomic, Glycoproteomic, and Proteomic Profiling of Philippine Lung Cancer and Peritumoral Tissues: Case Series Study of Patients Stages I-III. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051559. [PMID: 36900350 PMCID: PMC10001221 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) accounting for majority of lung cancers. Thus, it is important to find potential biomarkers, such as glycans and glycoproteins, which can be used as diagnostic tools against NSCLC. Here, the N-glycome, proteome, and N-glycosylation distribution maps of tumor and peritumoral tissues of Filipino lung cancer patients (n = 5) were characterized. We present several case studies with varying stages of cancer development (I-III), mutation status (EGFR, ALK), and biomarker expression based on a three-gene panel (CD133, KRT19, and MUC1). Although the profiles of each patient were unique, specific trends arose that correlated with the role of aberrant glycosylation in cancer progression. Specifically, we observed a general increase in the relative abundance of high-mannose and sialofucosylated N-glycans in tumor samples. Analysis of the glycan distribution per glycosite revealed that these sialofucosylated N-glycans were specifically attached to glycoproteins involved in key cellular processes, including metabolism, cell adhesion, and regulatory pathways. Protein expression profiles showed significant enrichment of dysregulated proteins involved in metabolism, adhesion, cell-ECM interactions, and N-linked glycosylation, supporting the protein glycosylation results. The present case series study provides the first demonstration of a multi-platform mass-spectrometric analysis specifically for Filipino lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Russelle Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Qingwen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jennyfer Tena
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mariana Barboza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maurice Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yixuan Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michelle Cabanatan
- Molecular Diagnostics and Cellular Therapeutics Laboratory, Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon City 1100, Philippines
| | - Ma. Teresa Barzaga
- Molecular Diagnostics and Cellular Therapeutics Laboratory, Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon City 1100, Philippines
- College of Medicine, De La Salle Health Sciences Institute, Cavite 4114, Philippines
| | - Nelia Tan-Liu
- Molecular Diagnostics and Cellular Therapeutics Laboratory, Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon City 1100, Philippines
| | - Francisco M. Heralde
- Molecular Diagnostics and Cellular Therapeutics Laboratory, Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon City 1100, Philippines
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila City 1000, Philippines
| | - Luster Serrano
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Ruel C. Nacario
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Gladys Cherisse Completo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
- Correspondence:
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13
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Faghani A, Guo L, Wright ME, Hughes MC, Vaezi M. Construction and case study of a novel lung cancer risk index. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1275. [PMID: 36474178 PMCID: PMC9724373 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study constructs a lung cancer risk index (LCRI) that incorporates many modifiable risk factors using an easily reproducible and adaptable method that relies on publicly available data. METHODS We used meta-analysis followed by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to generate a lung cancer risk index (LCRI) that incorporates seven modifiable risk factors (active smoking, indoor air pollution, occupational exposure, alcohol consumption, secondhand smoke exposure, outdoor air pollution, and radon exposure) for lung cancer. Using county-level population data, we then performed a case study in which we tailored the LCRI for use in the state of Illinois (LCRIIL). RESULTS For both the LCRI and the LCRIIL, active smoking had the highest weights (46.1% and 70%, respectively), whereas radon had the lowest weights (3.0% and 5.7%, respectively). The weights for alcohol consumption were 7.8% and 14.7% for the LCRI and the LCRIIL, respectively, and were 3.8% and 0.95% for outdoor air pollution. Three variables were only included in the LCRI: indoor air pollution (18.5%), occupational exposure (13.2%), and secondhand smoke exposure (7.6%). The Consistency Ratio (CR) was well below the 0.1 cut point. The LCRIIL was moderate though significantly correlated with age-adjusted lung cancer incidence (r = 0.449, P < 0.05) and mortality rates (r = 0.495, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study presents an index that incorporates multiple modifiable risk factors for lung cancer into one composite score. Since the LCRI allows data comprising the composite score to vary based on the location of interest, this measurement tool can be used for any geographic location where population-based data for individual risk factors exist. Researchers, policymakers, and public health professionals may utilize this framework to determine areas that are most in need of lung cancer-related interventions and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Faghani
- grid.261128.e0000 0000 9003 8934College of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL USA
| | - Lei Guo
- grid.261128.e0000 0000 9003 8934School of Interdisciplinary Health Professions, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL USA
| | - Margaret E. Wright
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - M. Courtney Hughes
- grid.261128.e0000 0000 9003 8934School of Health Studies, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL USA
| | - Mahdi Vaezi
- grid.261128.e0000 0000 9003 8934College of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL USA
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14
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Zou K, Sun P, Huang H, Zhuo H, Qie R, Xie Y, Luo J, Li N, Li J, He J, Aschebrook-Kilfoy B, Zhang Y. Etiology of lung cancer: Evidence from epidemiologic studies. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER CENTER 2022; 2:216-225. [PMID: 39036545 PMCID: PMC11256564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. While smoking, radon, air pollution, as well as occupational exposure to asbestos, diesel fumes, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and silica are well-established risk factors, many lung cancer cases cannot be explained by these known risk factors. Over the last two decades the incidence of adenocarcinoma has risen, and it now surpasses squamous cell carcinoma as the most common histologic subtype. This increase warrants new efforts to identify additional risk factors for specific lung cancer subtypes as well as a comprehensive review of current evidence from epidemiologic studies to inform future studies. Given the myriad exposures individuals experience in real-world settings, it is essential to investigate mixture effects from complex exposures and gene-environment interactions in relation to lung cancer and its subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyong Zou
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyuan Sun
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huang Huang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Zhuo
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Ranran Qie
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Xie
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, the University of Chicago, Chicago, United States of America
| | - Ni Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yawei Zhang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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15
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Alvarez MS, Zhou Q, Tena J, Lebrilla CB, Completo GC, Heralde FM, Cabanatan M, Barzaga MT, Tan-Liu N, Ladrera GI, Danguilan JL, Rabajante J, Padolina I, Nacario RC. N-Glycan and Glycopeptide Serum Biomarkers in Philippine Lung Cancer Patients Identified Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:40230-40240. [PMID: 36385894 PMCID: PMC9647785 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation has been extensively reported in cancer, with fundamental changes in the glycosylation patterns of cell-surface and secreted proteins largely occurring during cancer progression. As such, serum glycan and glycopeptide biomarkers have been discovered using mass spectrometry and proposed for cancer detection. Here, we report for the first time potential serum N-glycan and glycopeptide biomarkers for Philippine lung cancer patients. The N-glycan and glycoprotein profiles of a cohort (n = 26 patients, n = 22 age- and gender-matched) of lung cancer patients were analyzed and compared to identify potential N-glycan and glycopeptide serum biomarkers using nano-QToF-MS/MS and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry dynamic multiple monitoring methods, respectively. Statistical analyses identified differential N-glycan and glycopeptide abundances. The N-glycans were mostly sialylated and sialofucosylated branched structures. The glycopeptides involved proteins in complement and coagulation cascades (p adj = 6.418 × 10-4), innate immunity (p adj = 6.094 × 10-3), acute inflammatory response (p adj = 6.404 × 10-5), defense response (p adj = 2.082 × 10-4), complement activation pathways (p adj = 1.895 × 10-2), and immunoglobulin-mediated immune response pathways (p adj = 4.818 × 10-2). Biomarker models were constructed using serum N-glycans [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.775; 95% CI: 0.617-0.931] and glycopeptides (AUC = 0.959; 95% CI: 0.85-1.0), with glycopeptides having higher accuracies than N-glycans. The results suggest that in the Philippine lung cancer patient sera, specific N-glycans and site-specific glycans are differentially expressed between cases and controls. This report represents the first serum glycan and glycopeptide biomarkers of Philippine lung cancer patients, further demonstrating the utility of mass spectrometry-based glycomic and glycoproteomic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
Russelle S. Alvarez
- Institute
of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616-5270, United States
| | - Qingwen Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616-5270, United States
| | - Jennyfer Tena
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616-5270, United States
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616-5270, United States
| | - Gladys C. Completo
- Institute
of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Francisco M. Heralde
- Molecular
Diagnostics and Cellular Therapeutics Laboratory, Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon City 1104, Philippines
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines−Manila, Manila, NCR 1159, Philippines
| | - Michelle Cabanatan
- Molecular
Diagnostics and Cellular Therapeutics Laboratory, Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon City 1104, Philippines
| | - Ma. Teresa Barzaga
- Molecular
Diagnostics and Cellular Therapeutics Laboratory, Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon City 1104, Philippines
- College
of Medicine, De La Salle Health Sciences
Institute, Cavite 4114, Philippines
| | - Nelia Tan-Liu
- Molecular
Diagnostics and Cellular Therapeutics Laboratory, Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon City 1104, Philippines
| | - Guia Imelda Ladrera
- Molecular
Diagnostics and Cellular Therapeutics Laboratory, Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon City 1104, Philippines
| | - Jose Luis Danguilan
- Department
of Thoracic Surgery and Anesthesia, Lung
Center of the Philippines, Quezon
City 1104, Philippines
| | - Jomar Rabajante
- Institute
of Mathematical Sciences and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Isagani Padolina
- Pascual
Pharma Corp, Core Research and Development Laboratory, UPLB Science and Technology Park, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Ruel C. Nacario
- Institute
of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
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16
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Cheng ES, Chan KH, Weber M, Steinberg J, Young J, Canfell K, Yu XQ. Solid Fuel, Secondhand Smoke, and Lung Cancer Mortality: A Prospective Cohort of 323,794 Chinese Never-Smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:1153-1162. [PMID: 35616543 PMCID: PMC9704832 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202201-0114oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Household air pollution and secondhand tobacco smoke are known carcinogens for lung cancer, but large-scale estimates of the relationship with lung cancer mortality are lacking. Objectives: Using the large-scale cohort China Kadoorie Biobank, we prospectively investigated associations between these two risk factors and lung cancer death among never-smokers. Methods: The Biobank recruited 512,715 adults aged 30-79 years from 10 regions in China during 2004-2008. Self-reported never-smoking participants were followed up to December 31, 2016, with linkage to mortality data. Total duration of exposure to household air pollution was calculated from self-reported domestic solid fuel use. Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke was ascertained using exposure at home and/or other places. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations between these two exposures and lung cancer death were estimated using Cox regression, adjusting for key confounders. Measurements and Main Results: There were 979 lung cancer deaths among 323,794 never-smoking participants without a previous cancer diagnosis during 10.2 years of follow-up. There was a log-linear positive association between exposure to household air pollution and lung cancer death, with a 4% increased risk per 5-year increment of exposure (hazard ratio = 1.04; 95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.06; P trend = 0.0034), and participants with 40.1-50.0 years of exposure had the highest risk compared with the never-exposed (hazard ratio = 1.53; 95% confidence interval = 1.13-2.07). The association was largely consistent across various subgroups. No significant association was found between secondhand smoke and lung cancer death. Conclusions: This cohort study provides new prospective evidence suggesting that domestic solid fuel use is associated with lung cancer death among never-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvin S. Cheng
- Sydney School of Public Health and
- the Daffodil Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ka Hung Chan
- Oxford British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence and
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Marianne Weber
- the Daffodil Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julia Steinberg
- the Daffodil Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane Young
- Sydney School of Public Health and
- the Daffodil Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Canfell
- the Daffodil Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xue Qin Yu
- the Daffodil Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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17
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Das SS, Tambe S, Prasad Verma PR, Amin P, Singh N, Singh SK, Gupta PK. Molecular insights and therapeutic implications of nanoengineered dietary polyphenols for targeting lung carcinoma: part I. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:1779-1798. [PMID: 36636930 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, and non-small-cell lung cancer accounts for most lung cancer cases. Nanotechnology-based drug-delivery systems have exhibited immense potential in lung cancer therapy due to their fascinating physicochemical characteristics, in vivo stability, bioavailability, prolonged and targeted delivery, gastrointestinal absorption and therapeutic efficiency of their numerous chemotherapeutic agents. However, traditional chemotherapeutics have systemic toxicity issues; therefore, dietary polyphenols might potentially replace them in lung cancer treatment. Polyphenol-based targeted nanotherapeutics have demonstrated interaction with a multitude of protein targets and cellular signaling pathways that affect major cellular processes. This review summarizes the various molecular mechanisms and targeted therapeutic potentials of nanoengineered dietary polyphenols in the effective management of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabya Sachi Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.,School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248009, India
| | - Srushti Tambe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Priya Ranjan Prasad Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Purnima Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Neeru Singh
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Technology, University Polytechnic, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India.,Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
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18
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Hanafi AR, Jayusman AM, Sutandyo N, Kurniawati S, Setiawan L, Diandra A, Hidayat K. Clinical Laboratory Results as Prognosis Marker in Advanced Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in Indonesia. Cureus 2022; 14:e29386. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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19
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Li W, Wan L, Cheng R, Li J, Jin H. One-pot preparation of pectin encapsulated Cu2O nanoparticles under ultrasound condition: Investigation of its catalytic, Cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and anti-colorectal cancer properties. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Zhang H, Xu W, Wang P, Zhang L. Ultrasound assisted synthesis of starch-capped Cu2O NPs towards the degradation of dye and its anti-lung carcinoma properties. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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21
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Explainable Machine Learning Solution for Observing Optimal Surgery Timings in Thoracic Cancer Diagnosis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce an AI-based procedure to estimate and assist in choosing the optimal surgery timing, in the case of a thoracic cancer diagnostic, based on an explainable machine learning model trained on a knowledge base. This decision is usually taken by the surgeon after examining a set of clinical parameters and their evolution in time. Therefore, it is sometimes subjective, it depends heavily on the previous experience of the surgeon, and it might not be confirmed by the histopathological exam. Therefore, we propose a pipeline of automatic processing steps with the purpose of inferring the prospective result of the histopathologic exam, generating an explanation of why this inference holds, and finally, evaluating it against the conclusive opinion of an experienced surgeon. To obtain an accurate practical result, the training dataset is labeled manually by the thoracic surgeon, creating a training knowledge base that is not biased towards clinical practice. The resulting intelligent system benefits from both the precision of a classical expert system and the flexibility of deep neural networks, and it is supposed to avoid, at maximum, any possible human misinterpretations and provide a factual estimate for the proper timing for surgical intervention. Overall, the experiments showed a 7% improvement on the test set compared with the medical opinion alone. To enable the reproducibility of the AI system, complete handling of a case study is presented from both the medical and technical aspects.
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22
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Cheng ES, Weber MF, Steinberg J, Canfell K, Yu XQ. Evaluating risk factors for lung cancer among never-smoking individuals using two Australian studies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2827-2840. [PMID: 35618844 PMCID: PMC9470598 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung cancer (LC) in never-smoking individuals would rank as Australia's eighth most deadly cancer, yet risk factors remain uncertain. We investigated demographic, lifestyle and health-related exposures for LC among never-smoking Australians. METHODS Using the prospective 45 and Up Study with 267,153 New South Wales (NSW) residents aged ≥ 45 years at recruitment (2006-2009), we quantified the relationship of 20 potential exposures with LC among cancer-free participants at baseline who self-reported never smoking. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for incident LC were estimated using Cox regression. The NSW Cancer, Lifestyle and Evaluation of Risk (CLEAR) Study, a case-control study including 10,781 NSW residents aged ≥ 18 years (2006-2014), was used to examine 16 potential LC exposures among cancer-free never-smoking participants. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI of LC were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS There were 226 LC cases among 132,354 cancer-free 45 and Up Study participants who reported never smoking, with a median follow-up of 5.41 years. The CLEAR Study had 58 LC cases and 1316 cancer-free controls who had never smoked. Analyses of both datasets showed that Asian-born participants had a higher risk of LC than those born elsewhere: cohort, adjusted HR = 2.83 (95% CI 1.64-4.89) and case-control, adjusted OR = 3.78 (1.19-12.05). No significant association with LC was found for other exposures. CONCLUSION Our findings support the growing evidence that never-smoking, Asian-born individuals are at higher risk of developing LC than those born elsewhere. Ethnicity could be considered when assessing potential LC risk among never-smoking individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvin S Cheng
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Marianne F Weber
- Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julia Steinberg
- Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen Canfell
- Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xue Qin Yu
- Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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23
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Cai Y, Karmakar B, Alsalem HS, El-kott AF, Bani-Fwaz MZ, Negm S, Abdulwahab A. Oyouni A, Al-Amer O, El-Saber Batiha G. Oak gum mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles under ultrasonic conditions: Characterization and evaluation of its antioxidant and anti-lung cancer effects. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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24
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Zhou J, Zheng X, Cai Q, Song C. Introducing a Novel Chemotherapeutic Drug for the Treatment of Lung Adenocarcinoma: Silver Nanoparticles Green-formulated by Cinnamomum verum. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:371-378. [PMID: 35173088 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we report the green synthesis of nontoxic, stable, and small size silver nanoparticle by Cinnamomum verum with reducing/capping ability without any toxic reducing agents. The in situ prepared AgNPs were characterized by advanced physicochemical techniques like FE-SEM, TEM, and UV-Vis study. It has been established that AgNPs have a spherical shape with a mean diameter from 10 to 45 nm. In the antioxidant test, the IC50 of AgNPs and BHT against DPPH free radicals were 191 and 242 µg/mL, respectively. In the cellular and molecular part of the recent study, the treated cells with AgNPs were assessed by MTT assay for 48 h about the cytotoxicity and anti-human lung adenocarcinoma properties on normal (HUVEC) and lung adenocarcinoma cell lines i.e. PC-14, LC-2/ad, and HLC-1. The IC50 of AgNPs were 259, 291, and 395 µg/mL against PC-14, LC-2/ad, and HLC-1 cell lines, respectively. The viability of malignant lung cell line reduced dose-dependently in the presence of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Zhou
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University
| | - Xiaogang Zheng
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University
| | - Qigui Cai
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University
| | - Chunlin Song
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, General Medicine
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Chen M, Zhao H, Cheng Y, Wang L, Alotaibi SH, Zhang Y. Anti-human Glioma Cancer Potentials of Neobavaisoflavone as Natural Antioxidant Compound and Its Inhibition Profiles for Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Enzymes with Molecular Modeling and Spin Density Distributions Studies. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:277-288. [PMID: 35110469 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the carcinogenic potential of Neobavaisoflavone as a natural antioxidant compound and the inhibitory profiles of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase were investigated by molecular modeling and spin density distribution studies. To evaluate the antioxidant properties of neobavaisoflavone, DPPH test was performed in the presence of butyl hydroxytoluene as a control. Neobavaisoflavone cell viability was low compared to normal human glioma cancer cell lines, namely LN-229, U-87 and A-172 cell lines, without any effect of cytotoxicity on normal cell line. Neobavaisoflavone inhibited half of DPPH at 125 μg/mL. The best effects of Neobavaisoflavone antihypertensive glioma against the above cell lines were in the LN-229 cell line. In addition, the significant anti-cancer potential of human glioma Neobavaisoflavone against the popular human glioma cancer cell lines is related in this study. IC50 values were calculated by Neobavaisoflavone diagrams, 63.87 nM for AChE and 112.98 nM for BuChE, % Activity- [Inhibitor]. According to the above results, Neobavaisoflavone can be used to treat a variety of human glioma cancers in humans. In addition, molecular modeling calculations were performed to compare the biochemical activities of the Neobavaisoflavone molecule with enzymes. After molecular insertion calculations, ADME/T analysis was performed to investigate the properties of the neobavaisoflavone molecule, which will be used as a drug in the future. Then, different parameters for the antioxidant activity of the neobavaisoflavone molecule were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University
| | - Haikang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University
| | - Yingying Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University
| | - Saad H Alotaibi
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Taif University
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University
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Li Y, Cheng R, Zou S, Zhang Y, Alotaibi SH, Xu L. A Pre-clinical Trial Study: Anti-human Colon Cancer Effect of Thalassiolin B in vitro with Enzymes Inhibition Effects and Molecular Docking Studies. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:267-276. [PMID: 35110468 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, it is recorded the inhibition effect of Thalassiolin B on aldose reductase, alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzymes. In the next step, the molecular docking method was used to compare the biological activities of the Thalassiolin B molecule against enzymes formed from the assembly of proteins. In these calculations, the enzymes used are Aldose reductase, Alpha-Amylase, and Alpha-Glucosidase, respectively. After the docking method, ADME/T analysis of Thalassiolin B molecule was performed to be used as a drug in the pharmaceutical industry. In the MTT assay, the anti-human colon cancer properties of Thalassiolin B against EB, LS1034, and SW480 cell lines were investigated. The cell viability of Thalassiolin B was very low against human colon cancer cell lines without any cytotoxicity on the human normal (HUVEC) cell line. The IC50 of the Thalassiolin B against EB, LS1034, and SW480 were 483, 252, and 236 µg/mL, respectively. Thereby, the best cytotoxicity results and anti-human colon cancer potentials of our Thalassiolin B were observed in the case of the SW480 cell line. Maybe the anti-human colon cancer properties of Thalassiolin B are related to their antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Ruhuan Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaian Hongze District People's Hospital
| | - Shaojing Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaian Hongze District People's Hospital
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital
| | - Saad H Alotaibi
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Taif University
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen University General Hospital
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27
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Friedman-Jimenez G, Kato I, Factor-Litvak P, Shore R. Mortality of Enlisted Men Who Served on Nuclear-Powered Submarines in the United States Navy. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:131-139. [PMID: 34412099 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the long-term mortality experience of a cohort of enlisted men who served on nuclear-powered submarines in the United States Navy and breathed recirculated filtered air for extended periods of time. METHODS In this historical cohort study we estimated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and used within-cohort Poisson regression analyses to address healthy worker biases. RESULTS Three thousand two hundred sixty three deaths occurred among 85,498 men during 1,926,875 person-years of follow-up from 1969 to 1995. SMRs were reduced for most cause-of-death categories, prostate cancer had a twofold elevation. In within-cohort comparisons, prostate cancer mortality did not increase with duration of submarine service, but ischemic heart disease mortality increased 26% per 5 years of submarine service. CONCLUSIONS Long periods of submarine service do not increase mortality in most cause-of-death categories. Increased mortality from ischemic heart disease likely reflects the effects of tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Friedman-Jimenez
- Bellevue/NYU Occupational Environmental Medicine Clinic (Dr Friedman-Jimenez); New York University Grossman School of Medicine (Dr Friedman-Jimenez, Dr Shore); Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan (Dr Kato); Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University (Dr Factor-Litvak), New York, New York
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Fu Z, Zhou T, Dong F, Li M, Lin X, Ma W, Song Y, Ge S. Secondhand smoke is positively associated with pre-frailty and frailty in non-smoking older adults. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1095254. [PMID: 36590628 PMCID: PMC9800009 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1095254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Either exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) or frailty has been linked to adverse health outcomes in nonsmoking adults. However, their relationship is rarely studied. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between serum cotinine level and frailty status among non-smoking older adults. METHOD The study population consisted of 2,703 older adults aged ≥60 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. Non-smokers were included based on (1) a serum cotinine level ≤ 10 ng/mL and 2) a response of "no" to the question, "Do you currently smoke?" Frailty status was measured based on the Fried Phenotype and had three groups- robust, pre-frailty, and frailty. Multinomial logistic regression models were constructed to examine the association between serum cotinine level quartile and frailty status, controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, depressive symptoms, alcohol use, and systolic blood pressure. RESULTS About half of the participants (median age 70.0 years, range 64-78) were female (53.6%), non-Hispanic White (48.3%), and completed some college and above (50.1%). Multinomial logistic regression with a reference group being those in the 1st quantile (the lowest) of serum cotinine level showed that participants in the 4th quartile (the highest) of serum cotinine level had increased odds of pre-frailty vs. robust (OR 1.522, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.060, 2.185, P = 0.023) as well as increased odds of frailty vs. robust (OR 2.349, 95% CI 1.081, 5.107, P = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Higher serum cotinine level is associated with increased risk of pre-frailty and frailty versus robust in non-smoking older adults. Prevention and reduction of SHS in older adults may help protect them from developing pre-frailty or frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenmei Fu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Mengchi Li
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xuechun Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weixia Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuting Song
- Qingdao University School of Nursing, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Song Ge
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX, United States
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Immobilized Au nanoparticles on chitosan-biguanidine modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles and investigation of its anti-human lung cancer activity. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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30
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Hanafi AR, Jayusman AM, Imelda P, Alfasunu S, Sadewa AH, Pramono D, Heriyanto DS, Haryana SM, Kresno SB. Correlation of serum electrolytes with serial miRNA in advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Indonesia. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:437. [PMID: 34838148 PMCID: PMC8626939 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05852-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to evaluate the correlation between electrolytes and serial miRNAs from our previous study. We want to prove that there is the molecular basis that underlying electrolytes disturbances as the predictive indicator to the outcome in NSCLC patients. Results There were positive correlation between potassium level with miR-34 (p = 0.008, r = 0.366), miR-148 (p = 0.004, r = 0.394) and miR-155 (p = 0.031, r = 0.300).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priscillia Imelda
- Lung Cancer Research Team, Department of Pulmonology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Serafim Alfasunu
- Department of Pulmonology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Hamim Sadewa
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dibyo Pramono
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Didik Setyo Heriyanto
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sofia Mubarika Haryana
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Siti Boedina Kresno
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Cheng ES, Weber M, Steinberg J, Yu XQ. Lung cancer risk in never-smokers: An overview of environmental and genetic factors. Chin J Cancer Res 2021; 33:548-562. [PMID: 34815629 PMCID: PMC8580800 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2021.05.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, accounting for 1.8 million deaths in 2020. While the vast majority are caused by tobacco smoking, 15%-25% of all lung cancer cases occur in lifelong never-smokers. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified multiple agents with sufficient evidence for lung carcinogenesis in humans, which include tobacco smoking, as well as several environmental exposures such as radon, second-hand tobacco smoke, outdoor air pollution, household combustion of coal and several occupational hazards. However, the IARC evaluation had not been stratified based on smoking status, and notably lung cancer in never-smokers (LCINS) has different epidemiological, clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics from lung cancer in ever-smokers. Among several risk factors proposed for the development of LCINS, environmental factors have the most available evidence for their association with LCINS and their roles cannot be overemphasized. Additionally, while initial genetic studies largely focused on lung cancer as a whole, recent studies have also identified genetic risk factors for LCINS. This article presents an overview of several environmental factors associated with LCINS, and some of the emerging evidence for genetic factors associated with LCINS. An increased understanding of the risk factors associated with LCINS not only helps to evaluate a never-smoker's personal risk for lung cancer, but also has important public health implications for the prevention and early detection of the disease. Conclusive evidence on causal associations could inform longer-term policy reform in a range of areas including occupational health and safety, urban design, energy use and particle emissions, and the importance of considering the impacts of second-hand smoke in tobacco control policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvin S Cheng
- The Daffodil Centre, the University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW 2011, Australia
| | - Marianne Weber
- The Daffodil Centre, the University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW 2011, Australia
| | - Julia Steinberg
- The Daffodil Centre, the University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW 2011, Australia
| | - Xue Qin Yu
- The Daffodil Centre, the University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW 2011, Australia
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32
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Khani Jeihooni A, Sorbi A, Afzali Harsini P, Taghinezhad A, Yari A. The application of theory of planned behavior in improving substance abuse prevention behaviors in male high school students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McRobbie H, Kwan B. Tobacco use disorder and the lungs. Addiction 2021; 116:2559-2571. [PMID: 33140508 DOI: 10.1111/add.15309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review provides a summary of the impact of tobacco smoking on the respiratory system and the benefits of smoking cessation. Tobacco smoking is one of the leading preventable causes of death world-wide and a major risk factor for lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Smoking is also associated with an increased risk of respiratory infections and appears to be related to poorer outcomes among those with COVID-19. Non-smokers with second-hand smoke exposure also experience significant adverse respiratory effects. Smoking imposes enormous health- and non-health-related costs to societies. The benefits of smoking cessation, in both prevention and management of respiratory disease, have been known for decades and, to this day, cessation support remains one of the most important cost-effective interventions that health professionals can provide to people who smoke. Cessation at any age confers substantial health benefits, even in smokers with established morbidities. As other treatments for chronic respiratory disease advance and survival rates increase, smoking cessation treatment will become even more relevant. While smoking cessation interventions are available, the offer of these by clinicians and uptake by patients remain limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden McRobbie
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Lakes District Health Board, Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin Kwan
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Sutherland Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Sekine I, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki T, Suzuki H. Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma in Patients Who Previously Received Radiotherapy for Their First Malignant Tumor. Intern Med 2021; 60:663-665. [PMID: 33055488 PMCID: PMC7990627 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.6016-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Sekine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshio Suzuki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hideo Suzuki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
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Cui D, Yang W, Shao P, Li J, Wang P, Leng J, Wang S, Liu E, Chan JC, Yu Z, Hu G, Yang X. Interactions between Prepregnancy Overweight and Passive Smoking for Macrosomia and Large for Gestational Age in Chinese Pregnant Women. Obes Facts 2021; 14:520-530. [PMID: 34419951 PMCID: PMC8546448 DOI: 10.1159/000517846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous analysis showed that passive smoking and overweight were associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a synergistic manner, while GDM increased the risk of macrosomia/large for gestational age (LGA). This study aimed to examine any interactive effects between passive smoking and overweight/obesity on risk of macrosomia/LGA. METHODS From 2010 to 2012, 22,302 pregnant women registered for pregnancy at a primary hospital in Tianjin, China. Data were collected longitudinally; that is, from their first antenatal care visit, at the glucose challenge test (GCT) time (24-28 weeks of gestation) and at delivery. Passive smoking was self-reported. Macrosomia was defined as birth weight ≥4,000 g. Binary logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additive interaction was used to test the synergistic effect. RESULTS Passive smokers accounted for 57.4% of women (n = 8,230). Using nonpassive smoking and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) <24.0 kg/m2 as the reference, the adjusted ORs of overweight alone and passive smoking alone for macrosomia were 2.39 (95% CI: 2.11-2.71) and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.04-1.32). Copresence of passive smoking and prepregnancy BMI ≥24.0 kg/m2 increased the OR to 2.70 (95% CI: 2.28-3.20), with a significant additive interaction. After further adjustment for GDM or GCT, the OR of copresence of both risk factors was slightly attenuated to 2.52 (2.13-3.00) and 2.51 (2.11-2.98), with significant additive interaction. However, the additive interaction between prepregnancy overweight/obesity and passive smoking for LGA was nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS Prepregnancy overweight/obesity was associated with an increased risk of macrosomia in Chinese women synergistically with passive smoking during pregnancy, and most of the association was not modified by hyperglycemia during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyu Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Shao
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhong Leng
- Department of Child Health, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Project Office, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Enqing Liu
- Department of Child Health, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Juliana C.N. Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity and The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Prince of Wales Hospital-International Diabetes Federation Centre of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhijie Yu
- Population Cancer Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gang Hu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xilin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
- *Xilin Yang,
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Li Y, Li N, Jiang W, Ma G, Zangeneh MM. In situ decorated Au NPs on pectin-modified Fe 3O 4 NPs as a novel magnetic nanocomposite (Fe 3O 4/Pectin/Au) for catalytic reduction of nitroarenes and investigation of its anti-human lung cancer activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:2162-2171. [PMID: 32961190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent days, the green synthesized nanomagnetic biocomposites have been evolved with tremendous potential as the future catalysts. This has encouraged us to design and synthesis of a novel Au NPs immobilized pectin modified magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/Pectin/Au). It was meticulously characterized using advanced analytical techniques like FT-IR, FESEM, TEM, EDX, XPS, VSM, XRD and ICP-OES. We investigated the chemical applications of the material in the catalytic reduction of nitroarenes using N2H4.H2O as the reducing agent in the EtOH/H2O solvent without any promoters or ligands. Due to strong paramagnetism, the catalyst was easily recovered and reused in 11 cycles without considerable leaching or loss in reactivity. The green protocol involves several advantages like mild conditions, easy workup, high yields, and reusability of the catalyst. Furthermore, the desired nanocomposite was employed in biological studies like anti-oxidant assay by DPPH radical scavenging test. Subsequently, on exhibiting a good IC50 value in the DPPH assay, we extended the bio-application of the Fe3O4/Pectin/Au in the anticancer study of adenocarcinoma cells of human lungs using three cancer cell lines, PC-14, LC-2/ad and HLC-1 and a normal cell line HUVEC. The best result was accomplished in PC-14 cell lines with the lowest IC50 values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong Province 250021, China.
| | - Na Li
- Department of Nephrology, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan, Shandong 250200, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan, Shandong 250200, China
| | - Guoyuan Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong Province 250021, China
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Zangeneh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.; Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Pulmonary Nodules—an Epidemic—Work Up and Management, Specific, and Unique Issues in the Elderly. CURRENT GERIATRICS REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13670-020-00321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rezende LFM, Murata E, Giannichi B, Tomita LY, Wagner GA, Sanchez ZM, Celis-Morales C, Ferrari G. Cancer cases and deaths attributable to lifestyle risk factors in Chile. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:693. [PMID: 32711508 PMCID: PMC7382839 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To identify modifiable risk factors that contribute to cancer holds important public health relevance for setting up prevention strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of cancer cases and deaths attributable to alcohol consumption, high body mass index (BMI), low fruits and vegetables consumption, lack of physical activity, tobacco smoking, and passive smoking in Chile in 2018. Methods We retrieved data from a national representative survey to describe the distribution of six lifestyle risk factors. Relative risks of each risk factor-cancer pair were obtained from published meta-analysis and pooled cohort studies. Cancer cases and deaths were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2018. Results Nearly 30% of all cancer cases (15,097 out of 50,320 cases) and 36% of all cancer deaths (10,155 out of 28,010 deaths) in Chile in 2018 were attributable to lifestyle risk factors. Smoking and high BMI accounted for most of the cancer cases (9232 and 4394, respectively) and deaths (6868 and 2572). The cancer burden of other lifestyle risk factors varied by sex. In men, the proportion of all cancer cases attributed to alcohol were 3.7% compare to 2.0% for women. Cancers cases and deaths of the larynx, lung, oral/cavity, esophagus and bladder could be at least halved if lifestyle risk factors were eliminated. Conclusion Smoking and high BMI were the leading causes of preventable cancer cases and deaths within the six lifestyles factors considered. Cancer prevention strategies should consider evidence-based interventions and public policies to encourage the adoption of a healthier lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro F M Rezende
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Preventive, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana Murata
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Preventive, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Giannichi
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Preventive, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Yuki Tomita
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Preventive, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Arantes Wagner
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Preventive, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Zila M Sanchez
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Preventive, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio - CIFE, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Grupo de Estudio en Educación, Actividad Física y Salud (GEEAFyS), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile - USACH, Estación Central, 7500618, Santiago, Chile.
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Abstract
AbstractHead-and-neck cancers pose a serious economic burden, with most countries investing significant resources to reduce the incidence, primarily focusing on understanding addictive etiologies. The traditional literature focused on tobacco and alcohol use, with few studies on contemporary factors such as e-cigarette, waterpipe smoking, and human papillomavirus. This article attempts to collate and present an update on the globally identified etiologic factors.The aim of this study was to identify and review the addictive etiologic factors causing head-and-neck cancers.An electronic search was performed on Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar to identify the etiologies causing head-and-neck cancers and narrowed down on those driven by addiction. Further, we identified their constituents, mechanism of action, and the risks attributable to various forms of products.Substances identified included smoked and chewed tobacco, alcohol, mate, marijuana, areca nut and betel quid, and viruses. An alarming majority of youth are now utilizing these substances. Furthermore, migrant movements have led to the spread of traditional practices across the regions, especially from the Asian subcontinent.Ironically, despite modern advances and technology, we still see that a large proportion of population succumb to these cancers, emphasizing the need for more effective and targeted policies to combat this menace at the grassroots level.
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Hori M, Saito E, Katanoda K, Tsugane S. Estimation of lifetime cumulative mortality risk of lung cancer by smoking status in Japan. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50:1218-1224. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to estimate the cumulative mortality risk for lung cancer according to smoking status and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in Japan. We applied a life-table method to estimate the cumulative risk. Estimated lifetime cumulative risk for 20-year-old non-smokers, former, and current smokers was 3.2%, 7.6%, and 14.9% for men and 1.9%, 5.6%, and 7.2% for women, respectively. For males, the estimated risk was 3.2% for non-smokers not exposed to SHS and 4.1% for non-smokers exposed to SHS. For females, the estimated risk was 1.9% for non-smokers not exposed to SHS and 2.4% for non-smokers exposed to SHS. Lifetime cumulative mortality risk differed greatly according to smoking status. Moreover, SHS exposure resulted in observable differences in lifetime mortality risk. This study may be useful for the development of tailored prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Hori
- Division of Cancer Statistics Integration, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiko Saito
- Division of Cancer Statistics Integration, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Katanoda
- Division of Cancer Statistics Integration, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Dose-related effect of secondhand smoke on cardiovascular disease in nonsmokers: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 228:113546. [PMID: 32387882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the positive association between secondhand smoke (SHS) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), no comprehensive assessment on the dose-response relationship between SHS and CVD has yet been reported. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to update the binary association, and to elucidate the dose-response relationship of both self-reported and objectively measured SHS exposure with CVD. METHODS PubMed and Embase databases were searched for articles published up to November 12, 2019. Random-effects models were used to assess the summary odds ratios (ORs) of CVD with SHS exposure. Restricted cubic splines were used to fit the dose-response relationship. RESULTS Fifty-five eligible observational studies were included in this meta-analysis to investigate the association between SHS exposure and CVD. Based on the meta-analysis, the pooled OR of CVD was 1.22 (95% CI 1.17-1.28) for the self-reported SHS individuals as comparing to the non-exposed group. The result of restricted cubic splines showed a risk plateau of SHS exposure at 15 cigarettes per day (Pnon-linearity = 0.042), while other characteristics s of SHS exposure (amount, daily and cumulative duration, and cotinine) were in linear relationships with CVD (Pnon-linearity >0.05). In addition, an estimated of 6.77% (95% CI: 5.31%-8.46%) of all CVD cases in men and 7.15% (95% CI: 5.62%-8.93%) in women might be attributed to SHS exposure worldwide. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to SHS is associated with an increased risk of CVD regardless of the modes. And thus, well-enforced smoke-free laws could possibly reduce a substantial risk of CVD caused by SHS.
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Lipfert FW, Wyzga RE. Longitudinal relationships between lung cancer mortality rates, smoking, and ambient air quality: a comprehensive review and analysis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 49:790-818. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1700210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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43
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Ramqvist T, Ortiz-Villalon C, Brandén E, Koyi H, de Petris L, Wagenius G, Brodin O, Reuterswärd C, Dalianis T, Jönsson M, Staaf J, Lewensohn R, Planck M. Analysis of human papillomaviruses and human polyomaviruses in lung cancer from Swedish never-smokers. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:28-32. [PMID: 31460811 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2019.1657588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Torbjörn Ramqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Christian Ortiz-Villalon
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Eva Brandén
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Hirsh Koyi
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Luigi de Petris
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Wagenius
- National Lung Cancer Registry, Regional Cancer Centre Uppsala Örebro, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ola Brodin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Christel Reuterswärd
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tina Dalianis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mats Jönsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Staaf
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rolf Lewensohn
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Maria Planck
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Acute myocardial infarction and stoke after the enactment of smoke-free legislation in public places in Bibai city: data analysis of hospital admissions and ambulance transports. Hypertens Res 2019; 42:1801-1807. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Molecular Insights into Potential Contributions of Natural Polyphenols to Lung Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101565. [PMID: 31618955 PMCID: PMC6826534 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring polyphenols are believed to have beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of a myriad of disorders due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antineoplastic, cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory activities documented in a large body of literature. In the era of molecular medicine and targeted therapy, there is a growing interest in characterizing the molecular mechanisms by which polyphenol compounds interact with multiple protein targets and signaling pathways that regulate key cellular processes under both normal and pathological conditions. Numerous studies suggest that natural polyphenols have chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic properties against different types of cancer by acting through different molecular mechanisms. The present review summarizes recent preclinical studies on the applications of bioactive polyphenols in lung cancer therapy, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the therapeutic effects of major polyphenols on lung cancer. We also discuss the potential of the polyphenol-based combination therapy as an attractive therapeutic strategy against lung cancer.
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46
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Abstract
Adolescents spend a substantial and increasing amount of time using digital media (smartphones, computers, social media, gaming, Internet), but existing studies do not agree on whether time spent on digital media is associated with lower psychological well-being (including happiness, general well-being, and indicators of low well-being such as depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts). Across three large surveys of adolescents in two countries (n = 221,096), light users (<1 h a day) of digital media reported substantially higher psychological well-being than heavy users (5+ hours a day). Datasets initially presented as supporting opposite conclusions produced similar effect sizes when analyzed using the same strategy. Heavy users (vs. light) of digital media were 48% to 171% more likely to be unhappy, to be in low in well-being, or to have suicide risk factors such as depression, suicidal ideation, or past suicide attempts. Heavy users (vs. light) were twice as likely to report having attempted suicide. Light users (rather than non- or moderate users) were highest in well-being, and for most digital media use the largest drop in well-being occurred between moderate use and heavy use. The limitations of using percent variance explained as a gauge of practical impact are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Twenge
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-4611, USA.
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Snowsill T, Yang H, Griffin E, Long L, Varley-Campbell J, Coelho H, Robinson S, Hyde C. Low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening in high-risk populations: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2019; 22:1-276. [PMID: 30518460 DOI: 10.3310/hta22690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of lung cancer frequently occurs in its later stages. Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) could detect lung cancer early. OBJECTIVES To estimate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk populations. DATA SOURCES Bibliographic sources included MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library. METHODS Clinical effectiveness - a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing LDCT screening programmes with usual care (no screening) or other imaging screening programmes [such as chest X-ray (CXR)] was conducted. Bibliographic sources included MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library. Meta-analyses, including network meta-analyses, were performed. Cost-effectiveness - an independent economic model employing discrete event simulation and using a natural history model calibrated to results from a large RCT was developed. There were 12 different population eligibility criteria and four intervention frequencies [(1) single screen, (2) triple screen, (3) annual screening and (4) biennial screening] and a no-screening control arm. RESULTS Clinical effectiveness - 12 RCTs were included, four of which currently contribute evidence on mortality. Meta-analysis of these demonstrated that LDCT, with ≤ 9.80 years of follow-up, was associated with a non-statistically significant decrease in lung cancer mortality (pooled relative risk 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.74 to 1.19). The findings also showed that LDCT screening demonstrated a non-statistically significant increase in all-cause mortality. Given the considerable heterogeneity detected between studies for both outcomes, the results should be treated with caution. Network meta-analysis, including six RCTs, was performed to assess the relative clinical effectiveness of LDCT, CXR and usual care. The results showed that LDCT was ranked as the best screening strategy in terms of lung cancer mortality reduction. CXR had a 99.7% probability of being the worst intervention and usual care was ranked second. Cost-effectiveness - screening programmes are predicted to be more effective than no screening, reduce lung cancer mortality and result in more lung cancer diagnoses. Screening programmes also increase costs. Screening for lung cancer is unlikely to be cost-effective at a threshold of £20,000/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), but may be cost-effective at a threshold of £30,000/QALY. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for a single screen in smokers aged 60-75 years with at least a 3% risk of lung cancer is £28,169 per QALY. Sensitivity and scenario analyses were conducted. Screening was only cost-effective at a threshold of £20,000/QALY in only a minority of analyses. LIMITATIONS Clinical effectiveness - the largest of the included RCTs compared LDCT with CXR screening rather than no screening. Cost-effectiveness - a representative cost to the NHS of lung cancer has not been recently estimated according to key variables such as stage at diagnosis. Certain costs associated with running a screening programme have not been included. CONCLUSIONS LDCT screening may be clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality, but there is considerable uncertainty. There is evidence that a single round of screening could be considered cost-effective at conventional thresholds, but there is significant uncertainty about the effect on costs and the magnitude of benefits. FUTURE WORK Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness estimates should be updated with the anticipated results from several ongoing RCTs [particularly the NEderlands Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (NELSON) screening trial]. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42016048530. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Snowsill
- Peninsula Technology Assessment Group (PenTAG), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Huiqin Yang
- Peninsula Technology Assessment Group (PenTAG), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Ed Griffin
- Peninsula Technology Assessment Group (PenTAG), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Linda Long
- Peninsula Technology Assessment Group (PenTAG), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jo Varley-Campbell
- Peninsula Technology Assessment Group (PenTAG), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Helen Coelho
- Peninsula Technology Assessment Group (PenTAG), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Sophie Robinson
- Peninsula Technology Assessment Group (PenTAG), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Chris Hyde
- Peninsula Technology Assessment Group (PenTAG), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.,Exeter Test Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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Proportion of cancer cases and deaths attributable to lifestyle risk factors in Brazil. Cancer Epidemiol 2019; 59:148-157. [PMID: 30772701 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle risk factors (tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight and obesity, unhealthy diet, and lack of physical activity) have been associated with increased risk of at least 20 types of cancer. We estimated the proportion of cancer cases and deaths that could be potentially avoided by eliminating or reducing lifestyle risk factors in Brazil. METHODS We obtained the distribution of lifestyle risk factors by sex and age groups from recent representative health surveys in Brazil; relative risks from pooled analyses of prospective studies and meta-analyses; and cancer cases and deaths in 2012 from GLOBOCAN. RESULTS We found that 26.5% (114,497 cases) of all cancer cases and 33.6% (63,371 deaths) of all cancer deaths could be potentially avoided by eliminating lifestyle risk factors in Brazil. Plausible reductions in these exposures based on policy targets and cancer prevention recommendations could have potentially avoided 4.5% (19,731 cases) and 6.1% (11,480 deaths) of all cancer cases and deaths, respectively. Tobacco smoking accounted for most of the preventable cancer cases and deaths, followed by high body mass index and alcohol consumption. Larynx, lung, oropharynx, esophagus and colorectum cancer cases and deaths could be at least halved by eliminating these lifestyle risk factors. CONCLUSION Findings from this study may be useful to inform strategies for cancer prevention and control across Brazil.
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Radiation Therapy in Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer. Radiat Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-52619-5_34-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Loverdos K, Fotiadis A, Kontogianni C, Iliopoulou M, Gaga M. Lung nodules: A comprehensive review on current approach and management. Ann Thorac Med 2019; 14:226-238. [PMID: 31620206 PMCID: PMC6784443 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_110_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In daily clinical practice, radiologists and pulmonologists are faced with incidental radiographic findings of pulmonary nodules. Deciding how to manage these findings is very important as many of them may be benign and require no further action, but others may represent early disease and importantly early-stage lung cancer and require prompt diagnosis and definitive treatment. As the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules includes invasive procedures which can be relatively minimal, such as bronchoscopy or transthoracic aspiration or biopsy, but also more invasive procedures such as thoracic surgical biopsies, and as these procedures are linked to anxiety and to cost, it is important to have clearly defined algorithms for the description, management, and follow-up of these nodules. Clear algorithms for the imaging protocols and the management of positive findings should also exist in lung cancer screening programs, which are already established in the USA and which will hopefully be established worldwide. This article reviews current knowledge on nodule definition, diagnostic evaluation, and management based on literature data and mainly recent guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Fotiadis
- 7th Respiratory Medicine Department, Athens Chest Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Mina Gaga
- 7th Respiratory Medicine Department, Athens Chest Hospital, Athens, Greece
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