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Cheng J, Yang L, Zhang Z, Xu D, Hua R, Chen H, Li X, Duan J, Li Q. Diquat causes mouse testis injury through inducing heme oxygenase-1-mediated ferroptosis in spermatogonia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116562. [PMID: 38850704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Diquat dibromide (DQ) is a globally used herbicide in agriculture, and its overuse poses an important public health issue, including male reproductive toxicity in mammals. However, the effects and molecular mechanisms of DQ on testes are limited. In vivo experiments, mice were intraperitoneally injected with 8 or 10 mg/kg/ day of DQ for 28 days. It has been found that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mediates DQ-induced ferroptosis in mouse spermatogonia, thereby damaging testicular development and spermatogenesis. Histopathologically, we found that DQ exposure caused seminiferous tubule disorders, reduced germ cells, and increased sperm malformation, in mice. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) staining of frozen section and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) displayed DQ promoted ROS generation and mitochondrial morphology alterations in mouse testes, suggesting that DQ treatment induced testicular oxidative stress. Subsequent RNA-sequencing further showed that DQ treatment might trigger ferroptosis pathway, attributed to disturbed glutathione metabolism and iron homeostasis in spermatogonia cells in vitro. Consistently, results of western blotting, measurements of MDA and ferrous iron, and ROS staining confirmed that DQ increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and accelerated ferrous iron accumulation both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, inhibition of ferroptosis by deferoxamine (DFO) markedly ameliorated DQ-induced cell death and dysfunction. By RNA-sequencing, we found that the expression of HO-1 was significantly upregulated in DQ-treated spermatogonia, while ZnPP (a specific inhibitor of HO-1) blocked spermatogonia ferroptosis by balancing intracellular iron homeostasis. In mice, administration of the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 effectively restored the increase of HO-1 levels in the spermatogonia, prevented spermatogonia death, and alleviated the spermatogenesis disorders induced by DQ. Overall, these findings suggest that HO-1 mediates DQ-induced spermatogonia ferroptosis in mouse testes, and targeting HO-1 may be an effective protective strategy against male reproductive disorders induced by pesticides in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Li Yang
- Health Management Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zelin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Dejun Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rongmao Hua
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Huali Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jiaxin Duan
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, China
| | - Qingwang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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2
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Hong H, Li J, Tong T, Yang T, Wang H, Xu Y, Lin X, Lin J, Liu S, Luo K, Yu Z, Yuan W, Pi H, Zhou Z. Paraquat disrupts KIF5A-mediated axonal mitochondrial transport in midbrain neurons and its antagonism by melatonin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173119. [PMID: 38750743 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a broad-spectrum herbicide used worldwide and is a hazardous chemical to human health. Cumulative evidence strengthens the association between PQ exposure and the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying mechanism and effective interventions against PQ-induced neurotoxicity remain unclear. In this study, C57BL/6 J mice were treated with PQ (i.p., 10 mg/kg, twice a week) and melatonin (i.g., 20 mg/kg, twice a week) for 8 weeks. Results showed that PQ-induced motor deficits and midbrain dopaminergic neuronal damage in C57BL/6 J mice were protected by melatonin pretreatment. In isolated primary midbrain neurons and SK-N-SH cells, reduction of cell viability, elevation of total ROS levels, axonal mitochondrial transport defects and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by PQ were attenuated by melatonin. After screening of expression of main motors driving axonal mitochondrial transport, data showed that PQ-decreased KIF5A expression in mice midbrain and in SK-N-SH cell was antagonized by melatonin. Using the in vitro KIF5A-overexpression model, it was found that KIF5A overexpression inhibited PQ-caused neurotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction in SK-N-SH cells. In addition, application of MTNR1B (MT2) receptor antagonist, 4-P-PDOT, significantly counteracted the protection of melatonin against PQ-induced neurotoxicity. Further, Kif5a-knockdown diminished melatonin-induced alleviation of motor deficits and neuronal damage against PQ in C57BL/6 J mice. The present study establishes a causal link between environmental neurotoxicants exposure and PD etiology and provides effective interventive targets in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Hong
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingdian Li
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong Tong
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yudong Xu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiqin Lin
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinxian Lin
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sicheng Liu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Luo
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, China.
| | - Huifeng Pi
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Angelopoulou E, Piperi C. Epigenetics: the missing link between environmental exposures and Parkinson's disease? Epigenomics 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38940212 DOI: 10.1080/17501911.2024.2365615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
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4
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Schaffner SL, Casazza W, Artaud F, Konwar C, Merrill SM, Domenighetti C, Schulze-Hentrich JM, Lesage S, Brice A, Corvol JC, Mostafavi S, Dennis JK, Elbaz A, Kobor MS. Genetic variation and pesticide exposure influence blood DNA methylation signatures in females with early-stage Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:98. [PMID: 38714693 PMCID: PMC11076573 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Although sex, genetics, and exposures can individually influence risk for sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), the joint contributions of these factors to the epigenetic etiology of PD have not been comprehensively assessed. Here, we profiled sex-stratified genome-wide blood DNAm patterns, SNP genotype, and pesticide exposure in agricultural workers (71 early-stage PD cases, 147 controls) and explored replication in three independent samples of varying demographics (n = 218, 222, and 872). Using a region-based approach, we found more associations of blood DNAm with PD in females (69 regions) than in males (2 regions, Δβadj| ≥0.03, padj ≤ 0.05). For 48 regions in females, models including genotype or genotype and pesticide exposure substantially improved in explaining interindividual variation in DNAm (padj ≤ 0.05), and accounting for these variables decreased the estimated effect of PD on DNAm. The results suggested that genotype, and to a lesser degree, genotype-exposure interactions contributed to variation in PD-associated DNAm. Our findings should be further explored in larger study populations and in experimental systems, preferably with precise measures of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Schaffner
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - W Casazza
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - F Artaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - C Konwar
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S M Merrill
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Domenighetti
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - J M Schulze-Hentrich
- Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Faculty NT, Saarland University, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - S Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - J C Corvol
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Brain Insitute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Department of Neurology and CIC Neurosciences, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - S Mostafavi
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Paul Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J K Dennis
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Elbaz
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, CESP, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - M S Kobor
- Edwin S. H. Leong Centre for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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5
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Cheslow L, Byrne M, Kopenhaver JS, Iacovitti L, Smeyne RJ, Snook AE, Waldman SA. GUCY2C signaling limits dopaminergic neuron vulnerability to toxic insults. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:83. [PMID: 38615030 PMCID: PMC11016112 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) are central drivers of dopaminergic (DA) neuron death in Parkinson's disease (PD). Guanylyl cyclases and their second messenger cyclic (c)GMP support mitochondrial function, protecting against ROS and promoting cell survival in several tissues. However, the role of the guanylyl cyclase-cGMP axis in defining the vulnerability of DA neurons in the SNpc in PD remains unclear, in part due to the challenge of manipulating cGMP levels selectively in midbrain DA neurons. In that context, guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C), a receptor primarily expressed by intestinal epithelial cells, was discovered recently in midbrain DA neurons. Here, we demonstrate that GUCY2C promotes mitochondrial function, reducing oxidative stress and protecting DA neurons from degeneration in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model. GUCY2C is overexpressed in the SNpc in PD patients and in mice treated with MPTP, possibly reflecting a protective response to oxidative stress. Moreover, cGMP signaling protects against oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, and cell death in cultured DA neurons. These observations reveal a previously unexpected role for the GUCY2C-cGMP signaling axis in controlling mitochondrial dysfunction and toxicity in SNpc DA neurons, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting DA neuron GUCY2C to prevent neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Cheslow
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Byrne
- Department of Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica S Kopenhaver
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lorraine Iacovitti
- Department of Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard J Smeyne
- Department of Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott A Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, & Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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Adler CH, Halverson M, Zhang N, Shill HA, Driver-Dunckley E, Mehta SH, Atri A, Caviness JN, Serrano GE, Shprecher DR, Belden CM, Sabbagh MN, Long K, Beach TG. Conjugal Synucleinopathies: A Clinicopathologic Study. Mov Disord 2024. [PMID: 38597193 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While preclinical studies have shown that alpha-synuclein can spread through cell-to-cell transmission whether it can be transmitted between humans is unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim was to assess the presence of a synucleinopathy in autopsied conjugal couples. METHODS Neuropathological findings in conjugal couples were categorized as Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Alzheimer's disease with Lewy bodies (ADLB), incidental Lewy body disease (ILBD), or no Lewy bodies. RESULTS Ninety conjugal couples were included; the mean age of death was 88.3 years; 32 couples had no Lewy bodies; 42 couples had 1 spouse with a synucleinopathy: 10 PD, 3 DLB, 13 ADLB, and 16 ILBD; 16 couples had both spouses with a synucleinopathy: in 4 couples both spouses had PD, 1 couple had PD and DLB, 4 couples had PD and ADLB, 2 couples had PD and ILBD, 1 couple had DLB and ADLB, in 3 couples both had ADLB, and 1 couple had ADLB and ILBD. No couples had both spouses with ILBD. CONCLUSIONS This large series of 90 autopsied conjugal couples found 16 conjugal couples with synucleinopathies, suggesting transmission of synucleinopathy between spouses is unlikely. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Adler
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Erika Driver-Dunckley
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Shyamal H Mehta
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Alireza Atri
- Cleo Roberts Center, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John N Caviness
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - David R Shprecher
- Cleo Roberts Center, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Christine M Belden
- Cleo Roberts Center, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Kathy Long
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
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7
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Sakowski SA, Koubek EJ, Chen KS, Goutman SA, Feldman EL. Role of the Exposome in Neurodegenerative Disease: Recent Insights and Future Directions. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:635-652. [PMID: 38411261 PMCID: PMC11023772 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are increasing in prevalence and place a significant burden on society. The causes are multifactorial and complex, and increasing evidence suggests a dynamic interplay between genes and the environment, emphasizing the importance of identifying and understanding the role of lifelong exposures, known as the exposome, on the nervous system. This review provides an overview of recent advances toward defining neurodegenerative disease exposomes, focusing on Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. We present the current state of the field based on emerging data, elaborate on key themes and potential mechanisms, and conclude with limitations and future directions. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:635-652.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A. Sakowski
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily J. Koubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kevin S. Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stephen A. Goutman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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8
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Cheslow L, Snook AE, Waldman SA. Biomarkers for Managing Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2024; 14:398. [PMID: 38672416 PMCID: PMC11048498 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are the leading cause of cognitive and physical disability worldwide, affecting 15% of the global population. Due to the demographics of aging, the prevalence of neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, will double over the next two decades. Unfortunately, while available therapies provide symptomatic relief for cognitive and motor impairment, there is an urgent unmet need to develop disease-modifying therapies that slow the rate of pathological progression. In that context, biomarkers could identify at-risk and prodromal patients, monitor disease progression, track responses to therapy, and parse the causality of molecular events to identify novel targets for further clinical investigation. Thus, identifying biomarkers that discriminate between diseases and reflect specific stages of pathology would catalyze the discovery and development of therapeutic targets. This review will describe the prevalence, known mechanisms, ongoing or recently concluded therapeutic clinical trials, and biomarkers of three of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Cheslow
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.C.); (A.E.S.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Adam E. Snook
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.C.); (A.E.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Scott A. Waldman
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (L.C.); (A.E.S.)
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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9
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Silva RH, Lopes-Silva LB, Cunha DG, Becegato M, Ribeiro AM, Santos JR. Animal Approaches to Studying Risk Factors for Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2024; 14:156. [PMID: 38391730 PMCID: PMC10887213 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent efforts to search for biomarkers for the pre-symptomatic diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD), the presence of risk factors, prodromal signs, and family history still support the classification of individuals at risk for this disease. Human epidemiological studies are useful in this search but fail to provide causality. The study of well-known risk factors for PD in animal models can help elucidate mechanisms related to the disease's etiology and contribute to future prevention or treatment approaches. This narrative review aims to discuss animal studies that investigated four of the main risk factors and/or prodromal signs related to PD: advanced age, male sex, sleep alterations, and depression. Different databases were used to search the studies, which were included based on their relevance to the topic. Although still in a reduced number, such studies are of great relevance in the search for evidence that leads to a possible early diagnosis and improvements in methods of prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - L B Lopes-Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - D G Cunha
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - M Becegato
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - A M Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Bioprospecting of Natural Products, Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil
| | - J R Santos
- Behavioral and Evolutionary Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana 49500-000, SE, Brazil
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10
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Daramola O, Gutierrez Reyes CD, Chávez-Reyes J, Marichal-Cancino BA, Nwaiwu J, Onigbinde S, Adeniyi M, Solomon J, Bhuiyan MMAA, Mechref Y. Metabolomic Changes in Rat Serum after Chronic Exposure to Glyphosate-Based Herbicide. Metabolites 2024; 14:50. [PMID: 38248853 PMCID: PMC10819816 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) have gained extensive popularity in recent decades. For many years, glyphosate has been regarded as harmless or minimally toxic to mammals due to the absence of its primary target, the shikimic acid pathway in humans. Nonetheless, mounting evidence suggests that glyphosate may cause adverse health effects in humans via other mechanisms. In this study, we described the metabolomic changes in the serum of experimental rats exposed to chronic GBH using the highly sensitive LC-MS/MS technique. We investigated the possible relationship between chronic exposure to GBH and neurological disorders. Our findings suggest that chronic exposure to GBH can alter spatial learning memory and the expression of some important metabolites that are linked to neurophysiological disorders in young rats, with the female rats showing higher susceptibility compared to the males. This indicates that female rats are more likely to show early symptoms of the disorder on exposure to chronic GBH compared to male rats. We observed that four important metabolites (paraxanthine, epinephrine, L-(+)-arginine, and D-arginine) showed significant changes and involvement in neurological changes as suggested by ingenuity pathway analysis. In conclusion, our results indicate that chronic exposure to GBH can increase the risk of developing neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin Daramola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Cristian D. Gutierrez Reyes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Jesús Chávez-Reyes
- Center of Basic Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ags, CP 20131, Mexico; (J.C.-R.); (B.A.M.-C.)
| | - Bruno A. Marichal-Cancino
- Center of Basic Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ags, CP 20131, Mexico; (J.C.-R.); (B.A.M.-C.)
| | - Judith Nwaiwu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Sherifdeen Onigbinde
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Moyinoluwa Adeniyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Joy Solomon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Md Mostofa Al Amin Bhuiyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (O.D.); (C.D.G.R.); (J.N.); (S.O.); (M.A.); (J.S.); (M.M.A.A.B.)
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11
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See WZC, Naidu R, Tang KS. Paraquat and Parkinson's Disease: The Molecular Crosstalk of Upstream Signal Transduction Pathways Leading to Apoptosis. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:140-151. [PMID: 36703582 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230126161524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous disease involving a complex interaction between genes and the environment that affects various cellular pathways and neural networks. Several studies have suggested that environmental factors such as exposure to herbicides, pesticides, heavy metals, and other organic pollutants are significant risk factors for the development of PD. Among the herbicides, paraquat has been commonly used, although it has been banned in many countries due to its acute toxicity. Although the direct causational relationship between paraquat exposure and PD has not been established, paraquat has been demonstrated to cause the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The underlying mechanisms of the dopaminergic lesion are primarily driven by the generation of reactive oxygen species, decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ER stress, leading to a cascade of molecular crosstalks that result in the initiation of apoptosis. This review critically analyses the crucial upstream molecular pathways of the apoptotic cascade involved in paraquat neurotoxicity, including mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Zhi Chung See
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim San Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Petitjean K, Verres Y, Bristeau S, Ribault C, Aninat C, Olivier C, Leroyer P, Ropert M, Loréal O, Herault O, Amalric L, Baran N, Fromenty B, Corlu A, Loyer P. Low concentrations of ethylene bisdithiocarbamate pesticides maneb and mancozeb impair manganese and zinc homeostasis to induce oxidative stress and caspase-dependent apoptosis in human hepatocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140535. [PMID: 37923018 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide and intensive use of phytosanitary compounds results in environmental and food contamination by chemical residues. Human exposure to multiple pesticide residues is a major health issue. Considering that the liver is not only the main organ for metabolizing pesticides but also a major target of toxicities induced by xenobiotics, we studied the effects of a mixture of 7 pesticides (chlorpyrifos-ethyl, dimethoate, diazinon, iprodione, imazalil, maneb, mancozeb) often detected in food samples. Effects of the mixture was investigated using metabolically competent HepaRG cells and human hepatocytes in primary culture. We report the strong cytotoxicity of the pesticide mixture towards hepatocytes-like HepaRG cells and human hepatocytes upon acute and chronic exposures at low concentrations extrapolated from the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of each compound. Unexpectedly, we demonstrated that the manganese (Mn)-containing dithiocarbamates (DTCs) maneb and mancozeb were solely responsible for the cytotoxicity induced by the mixture. The mechanism of cell death involved the induction of oxidative stress, which led to cell death by intrinsic apoptosis involving caspases 3 and 9. Importantly, this cytotoxic effect was found only in cells metabolizing these pesticides. Herein, we unveil a novel mechanism of toxicity of the Mn-containing DTCs maneb and mancozeb through their metabolization in hepatocytes generating the main metabolite ethylene thiourea (ETU) and the release of Mn leading to intracellular Mn overload and depletion in zinc (Zn). Alteration of the Mn and Zn homeostasis provokes the oxidative stress and the induction of apoptosis, which can be prevented by Zn supplementation. Our data demonstrate the hepatotoxicity of Mn-containing fungicides at very low doses and unveil their adverse effect in disrupting Mn and Zn homeostasis and triggering oxidative stress in human hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Petitjean
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Yann Verres
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sébastien Bristeau
- BRGM, Direction Eau, Environnement, Procédés et Analyses (DEPA), 3 Avenue Claude-Guillemin - BP 36009, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Catherine Ribault
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Caroline Aninat
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Olivier
- Cancéropole Grand Ouest (CGO), NET "Niches and Epigenetics of Tumors" Network, 44000 Nantes, France; INSERM UMR 1232 CRCINA, 44000 Nantes-Angers, France; Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Nantes University, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Patricia Leroyer
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Martine Ropert
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France; AEM2 Platform, CHU Pontchaillou, 2 Rue Henri le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Loréal
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Herault
- Cancéropole Grand Ouest (CGO), NET "Niches and Epigenetics of Tumors" Network, 44000 Nantes, France; Department of Biological Hematology, Tours University Hospital, 37000 Tours, France; CNRS ERL 7001 LNOx, EA 7501, Tours University, 37000 Tours, France; CNRS GDR3697 Micronit "Microenvironment of Tumor Niches", Tours, France
| | - Laurence Amalric
- BRGM, Direction Eau, Environnement, Procédés et Analyses (DEPA), 3 Avenue Claude-Guillemin - BP 36009, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Nicole Baran
- BRGM, Direction Eau, Environnement, Procédés et Analyses (DEPA), 3 Avenue Claude-Guillemin - BP 36009, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Anne Corlu
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France; Cancéropole Grand Ouest (CGO), NET "Niches and Epigenetics of Tumors" Network, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Pascal Loyer
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1317, F-35000 Rennes, France; Cancéropole Grand Ouest (CGO), NET "Niches and Epigenetics of Tumors" Network, 44000 Nantes, France.
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13
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Shan L, Heusinkveld HJ, Paul KC, Hughes S, Darweesh SKL, Bloem BR, Homberg JR. Towards improved screening of toxins for Parkinson's risk. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:169. [PMID: 38114496 PMCID: PMC10730534 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive and disabling neurodegenerative disorder. The prevalence of PD has risen considerably over the past decades. A growing body of evidence suggest that exposure to environmental toxins, including pesticides, solvents and heavy metals (collectively called toxins), is at least in part responsible for this rapid growth. It is worrying that the current screening procedures being applied internationally to test for possible neurotoxicity of specific compounds offer inadequate insights into the risk of developing PD in humans. Improved screening procedures are therefore urgently needed. Our review first substantiates current evidence on the relation between exposure to environmental toxins and the risk of developing PD. We subsequently propose to replace the current standard toxin screening by a well-controlled multi-tier toxin screening involving the following steps: in silico studies (tier 1) followed by in vitro tests (tier 2), aiming to prioritize agents with human relevant routes of exposure. More in depth studies can be undertaken in tier 3, with whole-organism (in)vertebrate models. Tier 4 has a dedicated focus on cell loss in the substantia nigra and on the presumed mechanisms of neurotoxicity in rodent models, which are required to confirm or refute the possible neurotoxicity of any individual compound. This improved screening procedure should not only evaluate new pesticides that seek access to the market, but also critically assess all pesticides that are being used today, acknowledging that none of these has ever been proven to be safe from a perspective of PD. Importantly, the improved screening procedures should not just assess the neurotoxic risk of isolated compounds, but should also specifically look at the cumulative risk conveyed by exposure to commonly used combinations of pesticides (cocktails). The worldwide implementation of such an improved screening procedure, would be an essential step for policy makers and governments to recognize PD-related environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Shan
- Department Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Harm J Heusinkveld
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Hughes
- A-LIFE Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Section Environmental Health and Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sirwan K L Darweesh
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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14
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Neufeld LM, Ho E, Obeid R, Tzoulis C, Green M, Huber LG, Stout M, Griffiths JC. Advancing nutrition science to meet evolving global health needs. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1-16. [PMID: 38015211 PMCID: PMC10684707 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Populations in crisis!A global overview of health challenges and policy efforts within the scope of current nutrition issues, from persistent forms of undernutrition, including micronutrient deficiency, to diet-related chronic diseases. Nutrition science has evolved from a therapeutic and prevention emphasis to include a focus on diets and food systems. Working and consensus definitions are needed, as well as guidance related to healthy diets and the emerging issues that require further research and consensus building. Between nutrient deficiency and chronic disease, nutrition has evolved from focusing exclusively on the extremes of overt nutrient deficiency and chronic disease prevention, to equipping bodies with the ability to cope with physiologic, metabolic, and psychological stress. Just what is 'optimal nutrition', is that a valid public health goal, and what terminology is being provided by the nutrition science community? Nutrition research on 'healthspan', resilience, and intrinsic capacity may provide evidence to support optimal nutrition. Finally, experts provide views on ongoing challenges of achieving consensus or acceptance of the various definitions and interventions for health promotion, and how these can inform government health policies.Nutrition topics that receive particular focus in these proceedings include choline, NAD-replenishment in neurodegenerative diseases, and xanthophyll carotenoids. Choline is a crucial nutrient essential for cellular metabolism, requiring consumption from foods or supplements due to inadequate endogenous synthesis. Maternal choline intake is vital for fetal and infant development to prevent neural tube defects. Neurodegenerative diseases pose a growing health challenge, lacking effective therapies. Nutrition, including NAD-replenishing nutrients, might aid prevention. Emerging research indicates xanthophyll carotenoids enhance vision and cognition, potentially impacting age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette M Neufeld
- Food and Nutrition Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute and College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of the Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Charalampos Tzoulis
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center for Translational Research in Parkinson's Disease, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marina Green
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Luke G Huber
- Council for Responsible Nutrition, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - James C Griffiths
- Council for Responsible Nutrition-International, Washington, DC, USA.
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15
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Quintero-Espinosa DA, Velez-Pardo C, Jimenez-Del-Rio M. High Yield of Functional Dopamine-like Neurons Obtained in NeuroForsk 2.0 Medium to Study Acute and Chronic Rotenone Effects on Oxidative Stress, Autophagy, and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15744. [PMID: 37958728 PMCID: PMC10647258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Several efforts to develop new protocols to differentiate in in vitro human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) into dopamine (DA) neurons have been reported. We have formulated NeuroForsk 2.0 medium containing fibroblast growth factor type beta (FGFb), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), melatonin, purmorphamine, and forskolin. We report for the first time that menstrual stromal cells (MenSCs) cultured in NeuroForsk 2.0 medium for 7 days transdifferentiated into DA-like neurons (DALNs) expressing specific DA lineage markers tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells (TH+) and DA transporter-positive (DAT+) cells and were responsive to DA-induced transient Ca2+ influx. To test the usefulness of this medium, DALNs were exposed to rotenone (ROT), a naturally occurring organic neurotoxin used extensively to chemically induce an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease (PD), which is a movement disorder characterized by the specific loss of DA neurons. We wanted to determine whether ROT induces apoptotic cell death and autophagy pathway under acute or chronic conditions in DALNs. Here, we report that acute ROT exposure induced several molecular changes in DALNS. ROT induced a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), high expression of parkin (PRKN), and high colocalization of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) with the mitochondrial translocase of the outer membrane of mitochondria 20 (TOMM20) protein. Acute ROT also induced the appearance of DJ-1Cys106-SO3, as evidenced by the generation of H2O2 and oxidative stress (OS) damage. Remarkably, ROT triggered the phosphorylation of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) at residue Ser935 and phosphorylation of α-Syn at residue Ser129, a pathological indicator. ROT induced the accumulation of lipidated microtubule-associated protein 1B-light chain 3 (LC3B), a highly specific marker of autophagosomes. Finally, ROT induced cleaved caspase 3 (CC3), a marker of activated caspase 3 (CASP3) in apoptotic DALNs compared to untreated DANLs. However, the chronic condition was better at inducing the accumulation of lysosomes than the acute condition. Importantly, the inhibitor of the LRRK2 kinase PF-06447475 (PF-475) almost completely blunted ROT-induced apoptosis and reduced ROT-induced accumulation of lysosomes in both acute and chronic conditions in DALNs. Our data suggest that LRRK2 kinase regulated both apoptotic cell death and autophagy in DALNs under OS. Given that defects in mitochondrial complex I activity are commonly observed in PD, ROT works well as a chemical model of PD in both acute and chronic conditions. Therefore, prevention and treatment therapy should be guided to relieve DALNs from mitochondrial damage and OS, two of the most important triggers in the apoptotic cell death of DALNs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio
- Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, University Research Headquarters, Calle 62#52-59, Building 1, Laboratory 411/412, Medellin 050010, Colombia; (D.A.Q.-E.); (C.V.-P.)
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16
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C FC, Kamalesh T, Senthil Kumar P, Rangasamy G. An insights of organochlorine pesticides categories, properties, eco-toxicity and new developments in bioremediation process. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122114. [PMID: 37379877 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been used in agriculture, increasing crop yields and representing a serious and persistent global contaminant that is harmful to the environment and human health. OCPs are typically bioaccumulative and persistent chemicals that can spread over long distances. The challenge is to reduce the impacts caused by OCPs, which can be achieved by treating OCPs in an appropriate soil and water environment. Therefore, this report summarizes the process of bioremediation with commercially available OCPs, considering their types, impacts, and characteristics in soil and water sources. The methods explained in this report were considered to be an effective and environmentally friendly technique because they result in the complete transformation of OCPs into a non-toxic end product. This report suggests that the bioremediation process can overcome the challenges and limitations of physical and chemical treatment for OCP removal. Advanced methods such as biosurfactants and genetically modified strains can be used to promote bioremediation of OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femina Carolin C
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - T Kamalesh
- Department of Physics, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600 048, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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17
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Fernandes IDAA, Maciel GM, Bortolini DG, Pedro AC, Rubio FTV, de Carvalho KQ, Haminiuk CWI. The bitter side of teas: Pesticide residues and their impact on human health. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113955. [PMID: 37482194 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverages globally, known for its rich composition of bioactive compounds that offer various health benefits to humans. However, the cultivation of tea plants often faces challenges due to their high vulnerability to pests and diseases, resulting in the heavy use of pesticides. Consequently, pesticide residues can be transferred to tea leaves, compromising their quality and safety and potentially posing risks to human health, including hormonal and reproductive disorders and cancer development. In light of these concerns, this review aims to: (I) present the maximum limits of pesticide residues established by different international regulatory agencies; (II) explore the characteristics of pesticides commonly employed in tea cultivation, encompassing aspects such as digestion, bioaccessibility, and the behavior of pesticide transfer; and (III) discuss the effectiveness of detection and removal methods for pesticides, the impacts of pesticides on both tea plants and human health and investigate emerging alternatives to replace these substances. By addressing these critical aspects, this review provides valuable insights into the management of pesticide residues in tea production, with the goal of ensuring the production of safe, high-quality tea while minimizing adverse effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela de Andrade Arruda Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos (PPGEAL), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP (81531-980), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Giselle Maria Maciel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental (PPGCTA), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), CEP (81280-340), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), CEP (81280-340), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Débora Gonçalves Bortolini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos (PPGEAL), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP (81531-980), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental (PPGCTA), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), CEP (81280-340), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Cristina Pedro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos (PPGEAL), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CEP (81531-980), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Thaís Vieira Rubio
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Politécnica, CEP (05508-080), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Querne de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental (PPGCTA), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), CEP (81280-340), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Charles Windson Isidoro Haminiuk
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental (PPGCTA), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), CEP (81280-340), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), CEP (81280-340), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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18
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Tsalenchuk M, Gentleman SM, Marzi SJ. Linking environmental risk factors with epigenetic mechanisms in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:123. [PMID: 37626097 PMCID: PMC10457362 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, with a complex risk structure thought to be influenced by interactions between genetic variants and environmental exposures, although the full aetiology is unknown. Environmental factors, including pesticides, have been reported to increase the risk of developing the disease. Growing evidence suggests epigenetic changes are key mechanisms by which these environmental factors act upon gene regulation, in disease-relevant cell types. We present a systematic review critically appraising and summarising the current body of evidence of the relationship between epigenetic mechanisms and environmental risk factors in PD to inform future research in this area. Epigenetic studies of relevant environmental risk factors in animal and cell models have yielded promising results, however, research in humans is just emerging. While published studies in humans are currently relatively limited, the importance of the field for the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis opens clear and promising avenues for the future of PD research. Carefully designed epidemiological studies carried out in PD patients hold great potential to uncover disease-relevant gene regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, to advance this burgeoning field, we recommend broadening the scope of investigations to include more environmental exposures, increasing sample sizes, focusing on disease-relevant cell types, and recruiting more diverse cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsalenchuk
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sarah J Marzi
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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19
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Oltramare C, Mediouni Z, Shoman Y, Hopf NB, Graczyk H, Berthet A. Determinants of Pesticide Exposure in Occupational Studies: A Meta-Analysis. TOXICS 2023; 11:623. [PMID: 37505588 PMCID: PMC10386710 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Few epidemiological studies use exposure determinants specifically tailored to assess pesticide or plant protection product (PPP) exposures when assessing presumed association between occupational exposure and health outcomes among agricultural workers. This lack of exposure specificity could lead to results that fail to detect an association. It could be related to the lack of consensus on exposure assessment methods and the choice of exposure determinants. We conducted a meta-analysis following the PRISMA checklist to identify PPP exposure determinants used in occupational studies and identified exposure determinants that best characterized agricultural exposures to PPPs. Out of 1436 studies identified, 71 were included. The exposure determinants identified were active ingredients, chemical classes, types of PPP, crops, tasks, frequencies, duration, lifetime exposure days, and intensity-weighted exposure days. Only six over 17 associations between exposure determinants and health outcomes were found with moderate quality of evidence. Overall, epidemiological studies had difficulty defining relevant determinants to characterize PPP exposures for agricultural workers. We recommend that a standardized list of determinants for PPP exposures in occupational exposure studies should include information on formulations, intensity, duration, and frequency of PPP exposure. Harmonized data collection on exposure and health outcomes are required as well as standard units for each exposure determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Oltramare
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zakia Mediouni
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yara Shoman
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Halshka Graczyk
- International Labour Organization (ILO), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Berthet
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Duan W, Liu C, Zhou J, Yu Q, Duan Y, Zhang T, Li Y, Fu G, Sun Y, Tian J, Xia Z, Yang Y, Liu Y, Xu S. Upregulation of mitochondrial calcium uniporter contributes to paraquat-induced neuropathology linked to Parkinson's disease via imbalanced OPA1 processing. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131369. [PMID: 37086674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is the most widely used herbicide in agriculture worldwide and has been considered a high-risk environmental factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Chronic PQ exposure selectively induces dopaminergic neuron loss, the hallmark pathologic feature of PD, resulting in Parkinson-like movement disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that repetitive PQ exposure caused dopaminergic neuron loss, dopamine deficiency and motor deficits dose-dependently in mice. Accordingly, mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) was highly expressed in PQ-exposed mice and neuronal cells. Importantly, MCU knockout (KO) effectively rescued PQ-induced dopaminergic neuron loss and motor deficits in mice. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of MCU alleviated PQ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death in vitro. Mechanistically, PQ exposure triggered mitochondrial fragmentation via imbalance of the optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) processing manifested by cleavage of L-OPA1 to S-OPA1, which was reversed by inhibition of MCU. Notably, the upregulation of MCU was mediated by miR-129-1-3p posttranscriptionally, and overexpression of miR-129-1-3p could rebalance OPA1 processing and attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death induced by PQ exposure. Consequently, our work uncovers an essential role of MCU and a novel molecular mechanism, miR-MCU-OPA1, in PQ-induced pathogenesis of PD, providing a potential target and strategy for environmental neurotoxins-induced PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Duan
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Guanyan Fu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Yapei Sun
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jiacheng Tian
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhiqin Xia
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yingli Yang
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yongseng Liu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Shangcheng Xu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chongqing 400060, China.
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21
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Dai X, Liu M, Xu S, Zhao H, Li X, Bai Y, Zou Y, An Y, Fan F, Zhang J, Cai B. Metabolomics profile of plasma in acute diquat-poisoned patients using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113765. [PMID: 37023971 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Diquat (DQ) has been confirmed to be toxic to humans and responsible for severe health impairment. While to date, very little is known about the toxicological mechanisms of DQ. Thus, investigations to discover the toxic targets and potential biomarkers of DQ poisoning are urgently needed. In this study, a metabolic profiling analysis was conducted to reveal the changes of metabolites of plasma and find out the potential biomarkers of DQ intoxication by GC-MS. First, multivariate statistical analysis demonstrated that acute DQ poisoning can lead to metabolomic changes in human plasma. Then, metabolomics studies showed that 31 of the identified metabolites were significantly altered by DQ. Pathway analysis indicated that three primarily metabolic pathways including phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism were affected by DQ, resulting in the perturbations of phenylalanine, tyrosine, taurine, and cysteine. Finally, the results of receiver operating characteristic analysis showed the above four metabolites could be used as reliable tools for the diagnosis and severity assessments of DQ intoxication. These data provided the theoretical basis for basic research to understand the potential mechanisms of DQ poisoning, and also identified the desirable biomarkers with great potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Maozhu Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuyun Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Zhao
- West China Clinical Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuezhi Li
- West China Clinical Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangjuan Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuangao Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunfei An
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Fan
- West China School of Basic Medical Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bei Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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22
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Jiménez-Salvador I, Meade P, Iglesias E, Bayona-Bafaluy P, Ruiz-Pesini E. Developmental origins of Parkinson disease: Improving the rodent models. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101880. [PMID: 36773760 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous pesticides are inhibitors of the oxidative phosphorylation system. Oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction adversely affects neurogenesis and often accompanies Parkinson disease. Since brain development occurs mainly in the prenatal period, early exposure to pesticides could alter the development of the nervous system and increase the risk of Parkinson disease. Different rodent models have been used to confirm this hypothesis. However, more precise considerations of the selected strain, the xenobiotic, its mode of administration, and the timing of animal analysis, are necessary to resemble the model to the human clinical condition and obtain more reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Jiménez-Salvador
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009- and 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Patricia Meade
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009- and 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Eldris Iglesias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009- and 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Pilar Bayona-Bafaluy
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009- and 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009- and 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Stuart AM, Merfield CN, Horgan FG, Willis S, Watts MA, Ramírez-Muñoz F, U JS, Utyasheva L, Eddleston M, Davis ML, Neumeister L, Sanou MR, Williamson S. Agriculture without paraquat is feasible without loss of productivity-lessons learned from phasing out a highly hazardous herbicide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:16984-17008. [PMID: 36622585 PMCID: PMC9928820 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A small proportion of the thousands of pesticides on the market today are associated with a disproportionately high incidence of severe acute pesticide poisoning and suicide. Paraquat stands out as one of the most lethal pesticides in common use, frequently involved in fatal incidents due to suicides or accidental exposure. Even though paraquat has been banned in over 67 countries, it is still widely used in many others, particularly in Asia and Latin America. Based on a literature review and consultations, this paper identifies options for replacing paraquat and distils practical lessons from numerous successes around the world. Our aim is to support regulators, policymakers, agronomists and the supply chain sector with practical information related to phasing out paraquat. Production data consistently failed to show any negative effects of banning paraquat on agricultural productivity. A wide range of alternative approaches to weed management and crop defoliation are available, many of which do not rely on herbicides. Over 1.25 million farmers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) successfully produce a range of crops for private voluntary standards (PVS) in food and fiber supply chains which prohibit paraquat use. We conclude from the findings of this study that eliminating paraquat will save lives without reducing agricultural productivity. Less hazardous and more sustainable alternatives exist. To enhance successful adoption and uptake of these methods on a wide scale, farmers require training and support within an enabling policy environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Finbarr G Horgan
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Facultat de Ciencias Agrarias Y Forestales, Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad Católica del Maule, Casilla 7-D, 3349001, Curico, Chile
- EcoLaVerna Integral Restoration Ecology, Bridestown, Kildinan, T56 P 499, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sheila Willis
- Pesticide Action Network UK, Brighthelm Centre, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Fernando Ramírez-Muñoz
- Central American Institute for Studies On Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | | | - Leah Utyasheva
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Eddleston
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark L Davis
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Manoé R Sanou
- Department of Plant Protection and Packaging, Ministry of Agriculture, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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24
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Bacon MH, Vandelac L, Gagnon MA, Parent L. Poisoning Regulation, Research, Health, and the Environment: The Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Case in Canada. TOXICS 2023; 11:121. [PMID: 36850995 PMCID: PMC9965480 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite discourse advocating pesticide reduction, there has been an exponential increase in pesticide use worldwide in the agricultural sector over the last 30 years. Glyphosate-Based Herbicides (GBHs) are the most widely used pesticides on the planet as well as in Canada, where a total of almost 470 million kilograms of declared "active" ingredient glyphosate was sold between 2007 and 2018. GBHs accounted for 58% of pesticides used in the agriculture sector in Canada in 2017. While the independent scientific literature on the harmful health and environmental impacts of pesticides such as GBHs is overwhelming, Canada has only banned 32 "active" pesticide ingredients out of 531 banned in 168 countries, and reapproved GBHs in 2017 until 2032. This article, based on interdisciplinary and intersectoral research, will analyze how as a result of the scientific and regulatory captures of relevant Canadian agencies by the pesticide industry, the Canadian regulation and scientific assessment of pesticides are deficient and lagging behind other countries, using the GBH case as a basis for analysis. It will show how, by embracing industry narratives and biased evidence, by being receptive to industry demands, and by opaque decision making and lack of transparency, Health Canada's Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) promotes commercial interests over the imperatives of public health and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Bacon
- Ecohealth Research Collective on Pesticides, Policies and Alternatives (CREPPA), Institute of Environmental Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Louise Vandelac
- Ecohealth Research Collective on Pesticides, Policies and Alternatives (CREPPA), Department of Sociology and Institute of Environmental Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Marc-André Gagnon
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Lise Parent
- Ecohealth Research Collective on Pesticides, Policies and Alternatives (CREPPA), Science and Technology Department, Université TÉLUQ, Montréal, QC H2S 3L5, Canada
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25
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Liang S, Wang L, Wu X, Hu X, Wang T, Jin F. The different trends in the burden of neurological and mental disorders following dietary transition in China, the USA, and the world: An extension analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Front Nutr 2023; 9:957688. [PMID: 36698474 PMCID: PMC9869872 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.957688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The highly processed western diet is substituting the low-processed traditional diet in the last decades globally. Increasing research found that a diet with poor quality such as western diet disrupts gut microbiota and increases the susceptibility to various neurological and mental disorders, while a balanced diet regulates gut microbiota and prevents and alleviates the neurological and mental disorders. Yet, there is limited research on the association between the disease burden expanding of neurological and mental disorders with a dietary transition. Methods We compared the disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) trend by age for neurological and mental disorders in China, in the United States of America (USA), and across the world from 1990 to 2019, evaluated the dietary transition in the past 60 years, and analyzed the association between the burden trend of the two disorders with the changes in diet composition and food production. Results We identified an age-related upward pattern in disease burden in China. Compared with the USA and the world, the Chinese neurological and mental disorders DALY percent was least in the generation over 75 but rapidly increased in younger generations and surpassed the USA and/or the world in the last decades. The age-related upward pattern in Chinese disease burdens had not only shown in the presence of cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, and diabetes mellitus but also appeared in the presence of depressive disorders, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, schizophrenia, headache disorders, anxiety disorders, conduct disorders, autism spectrum disorders, and eating disorders, successively. Additionally, the upward trend was associated with the dramatic dietary transition including a reduction in dietary quality and food production sustainability, during which the younger generation is more affected than the older. Following the increase in total calorie intake, alcohol intake, ratios of animal to vegetal foods, and poultry meat to pulses, the burdens of the above diseases continuously rose. Then, following the rise of the ratios of meat to pulses, eggs to pulses, and pork to pulses, the usage of fertilizers, the farming density of pigs, and the burdens of the above disease except diabetes mellitus were also ever-increasing. Even the usage of pesticides was positively correlated with the burdens of Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, cardiovascular diseases, and neoplasms. Contrary to China, the corresponding burdens of the USA trended to reduce with the improvements in diet quality and food production sustainability. Discussion Our results suggest that improving diet quality and food production sustainability might be a promising way to stop the expanding burdens of neurological and mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gut-brain Psychology Laboratory, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Shan Liang,
| | - Li Wang
- Department for the History of Science and Scientific Archaeology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gut-brain Psychology Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gut-brain Psychology Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gut-brain Psychology Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Gut-brain Psychology Laboratory, Beijing, China,Feng Jin,
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26
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Conde MA, Alza NP, Funk MI, Maniscalchi A, Benzi Juncos ON, Berge I, Uranga RM, Salvador GA. α-Synuclein Attenuates Maneb Neurotoxicity through the Modulation of Redox-Sensitive Transcription Factors. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:5803323. [PMID: 37113744 PMCID: PMC10129426 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5803323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and aggregation of α-synuclein is a pathognomonic sign of Parkinson's disease (PD). Maneb (MB) exposure has also been reported as one environmental triggering factor of this multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. In our laboratory, we have previously reported that mild overexpression of α-synuclein (200% increase with respect to endogenous neuronal levels) can confer neuroprotection against several insults. Here, we tested the hypothesis that α-synuclein can modulate the neuronal response against MB-induced neurotoxicity. When exposed to MB, cells with endogenous α-synuclein expression displayed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with diminished glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLc) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA expressions and upregulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) repressor, BTB domain and CNC homolog 1 (BACH1). We found that α-synuclein overexpression (wt α-syn cells) attenuated MB-induced neuronal damage by reducing oxidative stress. Decreased ROS found in MB-treated wt α-syn cells was associated with unaltered GCLc and HO-1 mRNA expressions and decreased BACH1 expression. In addition, the increased SOD2 expression and catalase activity were associated with forkhead box O 3a (FOXO3a) nuclear compartmentalization. Cytoprotective effects observed in wt α-syn cells were also associated with the upregulation of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1). In control cells, MB-treatment downregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 mRNA levels, which was coincident with increased ROS content, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial alterations. These deleterious effects were prevented by ferrostatin-1, an inhibitor of ferroptosis, under conditions of endogenous α-synuclein expression. The overexpression of α-synuclein attenuated MB toxicity by the activation of the same mechanisms as ferrostatin-1. Overall, our findings suggest that mild overexpression of α-synuclein attenuates MB-induced neurotoxicity through the modulation of NRF2 and FOXO3a transcription factors and prevents cell death probably by intervening in mechanisms associated with ferroptosis. Thus, we postulate that early stages of α-synuclein overexpression could be potentially neuroprotective against MB neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Conde
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - N. P. Alza
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- UNS, Departamento de Química, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - M. I. Funk
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - A. Maniscalchi
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - O. N. Benzi Juncos
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - I. Berge
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - R. M. Uranga
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - G. A. Salvador
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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27
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Costa HN, Esteves AR, Empadinhas N, Cardoso SM. Parkinson's Disease: A Multisystem Disorder. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:113-124. [PMID: 35994167 PMCID: PMC9849652 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The way sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is perceived has undergone drastic changes in recent decades. For a long time, PD was considered a brain disease characterized by motor disturbances; however, the identification of several risk factors and the hypothesis that PD has a gastrointestinal onset have shed additional light. Today, after recognition of prodromal non-motor symptoms and the pathological processes driving their evolution, there is a greater understanding of the involvement of other organ systems. For this reason, PD is increasingly seen as a multiorgan and multisystemic pathology that arises from the interaction of susceptible genetic factors with a challenging environment during aging-related decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Nunes Costa
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Esteves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Empadinhas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Morais Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Aggregation of alpha-synuclein in enteric neurons does not impact function in vitro. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22211. [PMID: 36564445 PMCID: PMC9789045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence implicates a gut-first pathogenesis in the enteric nervous system (ENS) within a portion of PD patients, yet in vitro investigations have primarily focused on the central nervous system. Here, the preformed fibril (PFF) PD model is applied with co-administered groups of butyrate and lipopolysaccharide to model the effects of the local gut microbiome. Significant PFF uptake and retention occur in isolated rat enteric neurons compared to untreated controls resulting in increasing immunostained aggregate conformation-specific, alpha-synuclein (a-Syn) average intensity between 6 µg PFF and untreated controls. Cortical neurons significantly retain PFFs with an increase in aggregated a-Syn average intensity within all dosages. Differences in growth cone morphology but not dynamics in PFF-treated ENS cultures occur. Electrophysiological recordings via a microelectrode array (MEA) indicate no overall difference in spontaneous spike rate. However, only untreated controls respond to PD-relevant dopamine stimulus, while 1 µg PFF and control populations respond to stimulus with ENS-abundant acetylcholine. Finally, no differences in substance P levels-correlated with PD and neurodegeneration-are observed. Overall, these findings suggest the ENS retains PFF dosage absent acute loss in function, however, does experience changes in growth cone morphology and dopamine-stimulated activity.
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Mitchell E, Chohan H, Bestwick JP, Noyce AJ. Alcohol and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:2369-2381. [PMID: 36442208 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial body of research has examined the relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE To provide an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies examining the relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of PD. METHODS Eligible studies comparing PD risk in ever vs. never alcohol drinkers were sourced from six databases. Outcomes were pooled using standard meta-analysis techniques. Separate female and male estimates were generated from studies reporting sex-specific data. Additionally, cohort studies stratifying participants by quantity of alcohol intake were integrated in a dose-response analysis. RESULTS 52 studies were included, totaling 63,707 PD patients and 9,817,924 controls. Our meta-analysis supported a statistically significant overrepresentation of never drinkers among PD subjects; odds ratio (OR) for ever drinking alcohol 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76 - 0.92). A subgroup analysis revealed similar effect estimates in females and males. A further synthesis of seven cohort studies suggested a negative, dose-dependent association between alcohol and risk of PD. CONCLUSION In the absence of a known neuroprotective pathway, there may be reason to doubt a true biological effect. The role of survivor bias, selection and recall bias, misclassification, and residual confounding requires consideration. Alternatively, observations might be attributable to reverse causation if those predestined for PD alter their alcohol habits during the preclinical phase. Major limitations of our study include high between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 93.2%) and lack of adjustment for key confounders, namely smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Mitchell
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Harneek Chohan
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Jonathan P Bestwick
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Alastair J Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
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McGwin G, Griffin RL. An ecological study regarding the association between paraquat exposure and end stage renal disease. Environ Health 2022; 21:127. [PMID: 36503540 PMCID: PMC9743741 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons who experience paraquat poisoning rapidly develop damage to a variety of organ systems including acute kidney injury (AKI), the occurrence of which is associated with an increased risk of death. However, little is known about the effects of chronic paraquat exposure on renal function and the onset of chronic renal disease. The objective of the current study is to assess the association between paraquat exposure and the incidence of end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States. METHODS Data on the incidence of ESRD for the period 2010 through 2017 and kilograms of paraquat use per square mile for each county in the conterminous United States was obtained from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) and the National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, respectively. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between quartiles of paraquat exposure and the incidence of ESRD. RESULTS The incidence of ESRD increased with increasing paraquat density. Based on a 20-year exposure lag, those in the highest paraquat density quartile had a 21% higher rate of ESRD compared to the lowest quartile whereas for a 15-year lag the increase was 26%. Adjusted associations were attenuated though still followed an increasing linear trend across quintiles. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study are consistent with a large number of studies documenting a high incidence of AKI and a small number of studies chronic renal disease following acute and chronic paraquat exposure, respectively. While the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying kidney injury following paraquat poisoning are well understood, more research is necessary to understand the natural history of chronic kidney disease due to chronic paraquat exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald McGwin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 700 South 18th Street, Suite 609, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0009, USA.
| | - Russell L Griffin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 700 South 18th Street, Suite 609, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0009, USA
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Arab A, Mostafalou S. Neurotoxicity of pesticides in the context of CNS chronic diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:2718-2755. [PMID: 34663153 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1987396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Following the introduction and application of pesticides in human life, they have always been along with health concerns both in acute poisoning and chronic toxicities. Neurotoxicity of pesticides in chronic exposures has been known as one of the most important human health problems, as most of these chemicals act through interacting with some elements of nervous system. Pesticide-induced neurotoxicity can be defined in different categories of neurological disorders including neurodegenerative (Alzheimer, Parkinson, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis), neurodevelopmental (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, developmental delay, and intellectual disability), neurobehavioral and neuropsychiatric (depression/suicide attempt, anxiety/insomnia, and cognitive impairment) disorders some of which are among the most debilitating human health problems. In this review, neurotoxicity of pesticides in the mentioned categories and sub-categories of neurological diseases have been systematically presented in relation to different route of exposures including general, occupational, environmental, prenatal, postnatal, and paternal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sara Mostafalou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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32
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Neurodegeneration in a Regulatory Context: The Need for Speed. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2022.100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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McGinley J, Healy MG, Ryan PC, Mellander PE, Morrison L, O'Driscoll JH, Siggins A. Batch adsorption of herbicides from aqueous solution onto diverse reusable materials and granulated activated carbon. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116102. [PMID: 36103789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the kinetics and isotherms of the adsorption of five herbicides, MCPA, mecoprop-P, 2,4-D, fluroxypyr and triclopyr, from aqueous solutions onto a range of raw and pyrolysed waste materials originating from an industrial setting. The raw waste materials investigated demonstrated little capability for any herbicide adsorption. Granulated activated carbon (GAC) was capable of the best removal of the herbicides, with >95% removal observed. A first order kinetic model fitted the data best for GAC adsorption of 2,4-D, while a pseudo-first order model fitted the data best for GAC adsorption of fluroxypyr and triclopyr, indicating that adsorption was via physisorption. A pseudo-second order kinetic model fitted the GAC adsorption of MCPA and mecoprop-P, which is indicative of chemisorption. The adsorption of the herbicides in all cases was best described by the Freundlich model, indicating that adsorption occurred onto heterogeneous surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McGinley
- Civil Engineering and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - M G Healy
- Civil Engineering and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - P C Ryan
- Discipline of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - P-E Mellander
- Teagasc Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - L Morrison
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - J Harmon O'Driscoll
- Discipline of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - A Siggins
- Civil Engineering and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Teagasc Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland.
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Chakraborty A, Diwan A. Depression and Parkinson's disease: a Chicken-Egg story. AIMS Neurosci 2022; 9:479-490. [PMID: 36660077 PMCID: PMC9826748 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2022027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, however, besides the motor symptoms, such as rest tremor, hypokinesia, postural instability and rigidity, PD patients have also non-motor symptoms, namely neuropsychiatric disorders. Apart from the required motor symptoms, psychopathological symptoms are very common and include mood disorders, anxiety disorders, hallucinations, psychosis, cognitive deterioration and dementia. The underlying pathophysiological process in PD is mainly due to the loss of dopaminergic neural cells and thereby causes the shortage of nigrostriatal dopamine content in them. In addition, it may involve other neurotransmitter systems such as the noradrenergic, serotonergic, cholinergic and noradrenergic systems as well. Depression can result from any unhealthy conditions making the diagnosis a challenging task. The manifestation of depression associated with or without PD is inadequate. The co-occurrence of depression and PD often leads to the conceptual discussion on whether depressive symptoms appear before or after PD develops. This paper will discuss the conceptual mechanism of PD and depression. Keep in mind both conditions belong to two separate entities but share some similar aspects in their pathophysiology.
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Costantini E, Masciarelli E, Casorri L, Di Luigi M, Reale M. Medicinal herbs and multiple sclerosis: Overview on the hard balance between new therapeutic strategy and occupational health risk. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:985943. [PMID: 36439198 PMCID: PMC9688751 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.985943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by demyelination and axonal loss of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite its spread throughout the world, the mechanisms that determine its onset are still to be defined. Immunological, genetic, viral, and environmental factors and exposure to chemicals may trigger MS. Many studies have highlighted the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of medicinal herbs, which make them a natural and complementary treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. A severe reduction of several MS symptoms occurs with herbal therapy. Thus, the request for medicinal plants with potential beneficial effects, for MS patients, is constantly increasing. Consequently, a production increase needs. Unfortunately, many medicinal herbs were untested and their action mechanism, possible adverse effects, contraindications, or interactions with other drugs, are poorly or not investigated. Keeping in mind the pathological mechanisms of MS and the oxidative damages and mitochondrial dysfunctions induced by pesticides, it is important to understand if pesticides used to increase agricultural productivity and their residues in medicinal plants, may increase the risk of developing MS in both workers and consumers. Studies providing some indication about the relationship between environmental exposure to pesticides and MS disease incidence are few, fragmentary, and discordant. The aim of this article is to provide a glance at the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants and at the risk for MS onset of pesticides used by medicinal plant growers and present in medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Eva Masciarelli
- Department of Technological Innovations and Safety of Plants, Products and Anthropic Settlements, National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Casorri
- Department of Technological Innovations and Safety of Plants, Products and Anthropic Settlements, National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Di Luigi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL Research Center, National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Reale
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marcella Reale,
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Huang M, Bargues-Carot A, Riaz Z, Wickham H, Zenitsky G, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Impact of Environmental Risk Factors on Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neuroinflammation, Protein Misfolding, and Oxidative Stress in the Etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810808. [PMID: 36142718 PMCID: PMC9505762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the neuropathological hallmark of the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAergic) innervation and the appearance of Lewy bodies with aggregated α-synuclein. Although several familial forms of PD have been reported to be associated with several gene variants, most cases in nature are sporadic, triggered by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors. Numerous epidemiological studies during the past two decades have shown positive associations between PD and several environmental factors, including exposure to neurotoxic pesticides/herbicides and heavy metals as well as traumatic brain injury. Other environmental factors that have been implicated as potential risk factors for PD include industrial chemicals, wood pulp mills, farming, well-water consumption, and rural residence. In this review, we summarize the environmental toxicology of PD with the focus on the elaboration of chemical toxicity and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms associated with exposure to several neurotoxic chemicals, specifically 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), rotenone, paraquat (PQ), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), dieldrin, manganese (Mn), and vanadium (V). Our overview of the current findings from cellular, animal, and human studies of PD provides information for possible intervention strategies aimed at halting the initiation and exacerbation of environmentally linked PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Alejandra Bargues-Carot
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zainab Riaz
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hannah Wickham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Gary Zenitsky
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Huajun Jin
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, 2062 Veterinary Medicine Building, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 325 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-542-2380; Fax: +1-706-542-4412
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Yin DX, Toyoda H, Nozaki K, Satoh K, Katagiri A, Adachi K, Kato T, Sato H. Taste Impairments in a Parkinson’s Disease Model Featuring Intranasal Rotenone Administration in Mice. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:1863-1880. [PMID: 35848036 PMCID: PMC9535587 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Taste impairments are often accompanied by olfactory impairments in the early stage of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The development of animal models is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying taste impairments in PD. Objective: This study was conducted to clarify whether the intranasal administration of rotenone causes taste impairments prior to motor deficits in mice. Methods: Rotenone was administrated to the right nose of mice once a day for 1 or 4 week(s). In the 1-week group, taste, olfactory, and motor function was assessed before and after a 1-week recovery period following the rotenone administration. Motor function was also continuously examined in the 4-weeks group from 0 to 5 weeks. After a behavioral test, the number of catecholamine neurons (CA-Nos) was counted in the regions responsible for taste, olfactory, and motor function. Results: taste and olfactory impairments were simultaneously observed without locomotor impairments in the 1-week group. The CA-Nos was significantly reduced in the olfactory bulb and nucleus of the solitary tract. In the 4-week group, locomotor impairments were observed from the third week, and a significant reduction in the CA-Nos was observed in the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) at the fifth week along with the weight loss. Conclusion: The intranasal administration of rotenone caused chemosensory and motor impairments in an administration time-period dependent manner. Since chemosensory impairments were expressed prior to the locomotor impairments followed by SN/VTA CA neurons loss, this rotenone administration model may contribute to the clarification of the prodromal symptoms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu Yin
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Toyoda
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nozaki
- Division of Medical Information, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keitaro Satoh
- Division of Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ayano Katagiri
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Adachi
- Division of Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hajime Sato
- Department of Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
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Schaffner SL, Kobor MS. DNA methylation as a mediator of genetic and environmental influences on Parkinson's disease susceptibility: Impacts of alpha-Synuclein, physical activity, and pesticide exposure on the epigenome. Front Genet 2022; 13:971298. [PMID: 36061205 PMCID: PMC9437223 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.971298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a complex etiology and increasing prevalence worldwide. As PD is influenced by a combination of genetic and environment/lifestyle factors in approximately 90% of cases, there is increasing interest in identification of the interindividual mechanisms underlying the development of PD as well as actionable lifestyle factors that can influence risk. This narrative review presents an outline of the genetic and environmental factors contributing to PD risk and explores the possible roles of cytosine methylation and hydroxymethylation in the etiology and/or as early-stage biomarkers of PD, with an emphasis on epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of PD conducted over the past decade. Specifically, we focused on variants in the SNCA gene, exposure to pesticides, and physical activity as key contributors to PD risk. Current research indicates that these factors individually impact the epigenome, particularly at the level of CpG methylation. There is also emerging evidence for interaction effects between genetic and environmental contributions to PD risk, possibly acting across multiple omics layers. We speculated that this may be one reason for the poor replicability of the results of EWAS for PD reported to date. Our goal is to provide direction for future epigenetics studies of PD to build upon existing foundations and leverage large datasets, new technologies, and relevant statistical approaches to further elucidate the etiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Schaffner
- Edwin S. H. Leong Healthy Aging Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael S. Kobor
- Edwin S. H. Leong Healthy Aging Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Risk Factors of Parkinson’s Disease: A Case-Control Study in Moroccan Patients. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ans-126351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains a significant health concern in Morocco. Multivariate analysis was not used in any study to evaluate the role of various factors that contributed to the onset of the disease. Objectives: This study investigates the role of family, environmental, and professional factors in PD development. Methods: The present study is an age-matched case-control study with risk estimation based on odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). In total, 180 cases were matched with 360 controls. Results: The average age of participants was 68.3 ± 11.2 years. Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that the family history of PD (ORa = 7.19, CI 95% 3.41 - 15.13), male sex (ORa = 1.92, CI 95% 1.16 - 3.16), spring water consumption (ORa = 3.31, CI 95% 2.05 - 5.34), drug use (ORa = 2.12, CI 95% 1.33 - 3.38), a history of head injury (ORa = 3.38, CI 95% 1.16 - 9.83) and non - consumption of coffee (ORa = 3.04, CI 95% 1.56 - 5.90) were significantly associated with the onset of the disease. In a univariate analysis, well water consumption was observed as a significant risk factor but could not be shown to be significant in a multivariate analysis. Previous work on a farm (ORa = 0.30, CI 95% 0.16 - 0.54) and history of general anesthesia (ORa = 0.47, CI 95% 0.27 - 0.83) were inversely associated with PD risk. No statistical significance was observed in the data on occupational exposure and disease risk, although there was a 30% decrease in risk for the service occupations (ORa = 0.05, CI 95% 0.01 - 0.18). Conclusions: As a result, further research is needed to determine additional risk factors.
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Guo M, Ji X, Liu J. Hypoxia and Alpha-Synuclein: Inextricable Link Underlying the Pathologic Progression of Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:919343. [PMID: 35959288 PMCID: PMC9360429 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.919343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, with typical motor symptoms as the main clinical manifestations. At present, there are about 10 million patients with PD in the world, and its comorbidities and complications are numerous and incurable. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the pathogenesis of PD and find possible therapeutic targets. Because the etiology of PD is complex, involving genes, environment, and aging, finding common factors is the key to identifying intervention targets. Hypoxia is ubiquitous in the natural environment and disease states, and it is considered to be closely related to the etiology of PD. Despite research showing that hypoxia increases the expression and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), the most important pathogenic protein, there is still a lack of systematic studies on the role of hypoxia in α-syn pathology and PD pathogenesis. Considering that hypoxia is inextricably linked with various causes of PD, hypoxia may be a co-participant in many aspects of the PD pathologic process. In this review, we describe the risk factors for PD, and we discuss the possible role of hypoxia in inducing PD pathology by these risk factors. Furthermore, we attribute the pathological changes caused by PD etiology to oxygen uptake disorder and oxygen utilization disorder, thus emphasizing the possibility of hypoxia as a critical link in initiating or promoting α-syn pathology and PD pathogenesis. Our study provides novel insight for exploring the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Guo
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Xunming Ji
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Liu
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Paradis M, Kucharowski N, Edwards Faret G, Maya Palacios SJ, Meyer C, Stümpges B, Jamitzky I, Kalinowski J, Thiele C, Bauer R, Paululat A, Sellin J, Bülow MH. The ER protein Creld regulates ER-mitochondria contact dynamics and respiratory complex 1 activity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0155. [PMID: 35867795 PMCID: PMC9307246 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic contacts are formed between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria that enable the exchange of calcium and phospholipids. Disturbed contacts between ER and mitochondria impair mitochondrial dynamics and are a molecular hallmark of Parkinson's disease, which is also characterized by impaired complex I activity and dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Here, we analyzed the role of cysteine-rich with EGF-like domain (Creld), a poorly characterized risk gene for Parkinson's disease, in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and function. We found that loss of Creld leads to mitochondrial hyperfusion and reduced ROS signaling in Drosophila melanogaster, Xenopus tropicalis, and human cells. Creld fly mutants show differences in ER-mitochondria contacts and reduced respiratory complex I activity. The resulting low-hydrogen peroxide levels are linked to disturbed neuronal activity and lead to impaired locomotion, but not neurodegeneration, in Creld mutants. We conclude that Creld regulates ER-mitochondria communication and thereby hydrogen peroxide formation, which is required for normal neuron function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Paradis
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicole Kucharowski
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriela Edwards Faret
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Christian Meyer
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Birgit Stümpges
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Isabell Jamitzky
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Kalinowski
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiele
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Paululat
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Julia Sellin
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Digitalization and General Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen
| | - Margret Helene Bülow
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Grotemeyer A, McFleder RL, Wu J, Wischhusen J, Ip CW. Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease - Putative Pathomechanisms and Targets for Disease-Modification. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878771. [PMID: 35663989 PMCID: PMC9158130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive and debilitating chronic disease that affects more than six million people worldwide, with rising prevalence. The hallmarks of PD are motor deficits, the spreading of pathological α-synuclein clusters in the central nervous system, and neuroinflammatory processes. PD is treated symptomatically, as no causally-acting drug or procedure has been successfully established for clinical use. Various pathways contributing to dopaminergic neuron loss in PD have been investigated and described to interact with the innate and adaptive immune system. We discuss the possible contribution of interconnected pathways related to the immune response, focusing on the pathophysiology and neurodegeneration of PD. In addition, we provide an overview of clinical trials targeting neuroinflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Wischhusen
- Section for Experimental Tumor Immunology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chi Wang Ip
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Chen H, Liang X, Chen L, Zuo L, Chen K, Wei Y, Chen S, Hao G. Associations Between Household Pesticide Exposure, Smoking and Hypertension. Front Public Health 2022; 10:754643. [PMID: 35273934 PMCID: PMC8902065 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.754643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This analysis aims to investigate the association between household pesticide exposure and hypertension risk, and to determine whether smoking plays a role in this association. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the years 1999–2014, including a total of 32,309 U.S. adult participants who were 20 years or older. Smoking status and pesticide exposure were self-reported. Blood pressure was measured by trained personnel using a mercury sphygmomanometer, according to a standardized protocol. We observed an increased risk of hypertension (OR [odds ratio] = 1.10, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.01–1.18) in participants with exposure to household pesticides. Moreover, a significant interaction between smoking status and pesticide exposure on hypertension was observed (P = 0.022). Stratified analysis showed that household pesticide exposure was associated with a 29% higher risk of hypertension (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.08–1.53) in smokers. However, for non-smokers, this association was not significant. Similar trends were found for systolic and diastolic blood pressures. In addition, we investigated the associations between pesticide metabolites in urine/serum and hypertension and found that several metabolites of dioxins, furans, and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls were significantly associated with a higher risk of hypertension. This study suggests that household pesticide exposure is associated with an elevated risk of hypertension. We also report that smoking may accentuate the effect of pesticide exposure on hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Lei Zuo
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuncai Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehong Wei
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouyi Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Hao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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In Vitro Assessment and Toxicological Prioritization of Pesticide Mixtures at Concentrations Derived from Real Exposure in Occupational Scenarios. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095202. [PMID: 35564597 PMCID: PMC9104687 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Humans are daily exposed to multiple residues of pesticides with agricultural workers representing a subpopulation at higher risk. In this context, the cumulative risk assessment of pesticide mixtures is an urgent issue. The present study evaluated, as a case study, the toxicological profiles of thirteen pesticide mixtures used for grapevine protection, including ten active compounds (sulfur, potassium phosphonate, metrafenone, zoxamide, cyflufenamid, quinoxyfen, mancozeb, folpet, penconazole and dimethomorph), at concentrations used on field. A battery of in vitro tests for cell viability and oxidative stress endpoints (cytotoxicity, apoptosis, necrosis, ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, gene expression of markers for apoptosis and oxidative stress) was performed on two cellular models representative of main target organs of workers’ and population exposure: pulmonary A549 and hepatic HepG2 cell lines. All the endpoints provided evidence for effects also at the lower concentrations used. The overall data were integrated into the ToxPI tool obtaining a toxicity ranking of the mixtures, allowing to prioritize effects also among similarly composed blends. The clustering of the toxicological profiles further provided evidence of common and different modes of action of the mixtures. The approach demonstrated to be suitable for the purpose and it could be applied also in other contexts.
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Behl T, Madaan P, Sehgal A, Singh S, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazmi HA, Meraya AM, Bungau S. Demystifying the Neuroprotective Role of Neuropeptides in Parkinson's Disease: A Newfangled and Eloquent Therapeutic Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094565. [PMID: 35562956 PMCID: PMC9099669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) refers to one of the eminently grievous, preponderant, tortuous nerve-cell-devastating ailments that markedly impacts the dopaminergic (DArgic) nerve cells of the midbrain region, namely the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN-PC). Even though the exact etiopathology of the ailment is yet indefinite, the existing corroborations have suggested that aging, genetic predisposition, and environmental toxins tremendously influence the PD advancement. Additionally, pathophysiological mechanisms entailed in PD advancement encompass the clumping of α-synuclein inside the lewy bodies (LBs) and lewy neurites, oxidative stress, apoptosis, neuronal-inflammation, and abnormalities in the operation of mitochondria, autophagy lysosomal pathway (ALP), and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The ongoing therapeutic approaches can merely mitigate the PD-associated manifestations, but until now, no therapeutic candidate has been depicted to fully arrest the disease advancement. Neuropeptides (NPs) are little, protein-comprehending additional messenger substances that are typically produced and liberated by nerve cells within the entire nervous system. Numerous NPs, for instance, substance P (SP), ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), neurotensin, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), nesfatin-1, and somatostatin, have been displayed to exhibit consequential neuroprotection in both in vivo and in vitro PD models via suppressing apoptosis, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, neuronal toxicity, microglia stimulation, attenuating disease-associated manifestations, and stimulating chondriosomal bioenergetics. The current scrutiny is an effort to illuminate the neuroprotective action of NPs in various PD-experiencing models. The authors carried out a methodical inspection of the published work procured through reputable online portals like PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Frontier, by employing specific keywords in the subject of our article. Additionally, the manuscript concentrates on representing the pathways concerned in bringing neuroprotective action of NPs in PD. In sum, NPs exert substantial neuroprotection through regulating paramount pathways indulged in PD advancement, and consequently, might be a newfangled and eloquent perspective in PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (P.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Piyush Madaan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (P.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (P.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (P.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.M.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (H.A.A.)
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.M.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.B.)
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Ohlander J, Fuhrimann S, Basinas I, Cherrie JW, Galea KS, Povey AC, van Tongeren M, Harding AH, Jones K, Vermeulen R, Huss A, Kromhout H. Impact of occupational pesticide exposure assessment method on risk estimates for prostate cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Parkinson's disease: results of three meta-analyses. Occup Environ Med 2022; 79:566-574. [PMID: 35393289 PMCID: PMC9304108 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2021-108046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of occupational pesticide exposure in epidemiological studies of chronic diseases is challenging. Biomonitoring of current pesticide levels might not correlate with past exposure relevant to disease aetiology, and indirect methods often rely on workers’ imperfect recall of exposures, or job titles. We investigated how the applied exposure assessment method influenced risk estimates for some chronic diseases. In three meta-analyses the influence of exposure assessment method type on the summary risk ratio (sRR) of prostate cancer (PC) (25 articles), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) (29 articles) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) (32 articles) was investigated. Exposure assessment method types analysed were: group-level assessments (eg, job titles), self-reported exposures, expert-level assessments (eg, job-exposure matrices) and biomonitoring (eg, blood, urine). Additionally, sRRs were estimated by study design, publication year period and geographic location where the study was conducted. Exposure assessment method types were not associated with statistically significant different sRRs across any of the health outcomes. Heterogeneity in results varied from high in cancer studies to moderate and low in PD studies. Overall, case–control designs showed significantly higher sRR estimates than prospective cohort designs. Later NHL publications showed significantly higher sRR estimates than earlier. For PC, studies from North America showed significantly higher sRR estimates than studies from Europe. We conclude that exposure assessment method applied in studies of occupational exposure to pesticides appears not to have a significant effect on risk estimates for PC, NHL and PD. In systematic reviews of chronic health effects of occupational exposure to pesticides, epidemiological study design, publication year and geographic location, should primarily be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Ohlander
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Samuel Fuhrimann
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Basinas
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John W Cherrie
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen S Galea
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew C Povey
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Kate Jones
- Health and Safety Executive, Harpur Hill, Buxton, UK
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anke Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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McGinley J, Harmon O’Driscoll J, Healy MG, Ryan PC, Mellander PE, Morrison L, Callery O, Siggins A. An assessment of potential pesticide transmission, considering the combined impact of soil texture and pesticide properties: A meta-analysis. SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 38:1162-1171. [PMID: 35915848 PMCID: PMC9313564 DOI: 10.1111/sum.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely employed as a cost-effective means of reducing the impacts of undesirable plants and animals. The aim of this paper is to develop a risk ranking of transmission of key pesticides through soil to waterways, taking into account physico-chemical properties of the pesticides (soil half-life and water solubility), soil permeability, and the relationship between adsorption of pesticides and soil texture. This may be used as a screening tool for land managers, as it allows assessment of the potential transmission risks associated with the use of specified pesticides across a spectrum of soil textures. The twenty-eight pesticides examined were differentiated into three groups: herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. The highest risk of pesticide transmission through soils to waterways is associated with soils containing <20% clay or >45% sand. In a small number of cases, the resulting transmission risk is not influenced by soil texture alone. For example, for Phenmedipham, the transmission risk is higher for clay soils than for silt loam. The data generated in this paper may also be used in the identification of critical area sources, which have a high likelihood of pesticide transmission to waterways. Furthermore, they have the potential to be applied to GIS mapping, where the potential transmission risk values of the pesticides can be layered directly onto various soil textures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McGinley
- Civil Engineering and Ryan InstituteNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | | | - Mark G. Healy
- Civil Engineering and Ryan InstituteNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Paraic C. Ryan
- Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | | | - Liam Morrison
- Earth and Ocean SciencesSchool of Natural Science/s and Ryan InstituteNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Oisin Callery
- Earth and Ocean SciencesSchool of Natural Science/s and Ryan InstituteNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Alma Siggins
- Civil Engineering and Ryan InstituteNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
- Teagasc Environmental Research CentreJohnstown CastleCo. WexfordIreland
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Microglial Activation Damages Dopaminergic Neurons through MMP-2/-9-Mediated Increase of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in a Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052793. [PMID: 35269933 PMCID: PMC8910886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation has been considered to be involved in the progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the mechanisms remain unknown. Accumulating evidence indicated a key role of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in neurological disorders. This study is designed to elucidate whether chronic neuroinflammation damages dopaminergic neurons through BBB dysfunction by using a rotenone-induced mouse PD model. Results showed that rotenone dose-dependently induced nigral dopaminergic neurodegeneration, which was associated with increased Evans blue content and fibrinogen accumulation as well as reduced expressions of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-5 and occludin, three tight junction proteins for maintaining BBB permeability, in mice, indicating BBB disruption. Rotenone also induced nigral microglial activation. Depletion of microglia or inhibition of microglial activation by PLX3397 or minocycline, respectively, greatly attenuated BBB dysfunction in rotenone-lesioned mice. Mechanistic inquiry revealed that microglia-mediated activation of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and 9 (MMP-2/-9) contributed to rotenone-induced BBB disruption and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Rotenone-induced activation of MMP-2/-9 was significantly attenuated by microglial depletion and inactivation. Furthermore, inhibition of MMP-2/-9 by a wide-range inhibitor, SB-3CT, abrogated elevation of BBB permeability and simultaneously increased tight junctions expression. Finally, we found that microglial depletion and inactivation as well as inhibition of MMP-2/-9 significantly ameliorated rotenone-elicited nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction in mice. Altogether, our findings suggested that microglial MMP-2/-9 activation-mediated BBB dysfunction contributed to dopaminergic neurodegeneration in rotenone-induced mouse PD model, providing a novel view for the mechanisms of Parkinsonism.
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van Rensburg D, Lindeque Z, Harvey BH, Steyn SF. Reviewing the mitochondrial dysfunction paradigm in rodent models as platforms for neuropsychiatric disease research. Mitochondrion 2022; 64:82-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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50
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Tzeng IS. Role of mitochondria DNA A10398G polymorphism on development of Parkinson's disease: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24274. [PMID: 35146807 PMCID: PMC8906025 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by memory loss and multiple cognitive disorders caused primarily by neurodegeneration. However, the preventative effects of the mitochondrial A10398G DNA polymorphism remain controversial. This meta-analysis comprehensively assessed evidence on the influence of the mitochondrial DNA A10398G variant on PD development. METHODS The PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, Springer Link, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to May 31, 2020. We used a pooled model with random effects to explore the effect of A10398G on the development of PD. Stata MP version 14.0 was used to calculate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from the eligible studies to assess the impact of mitochondrial DNA A10398G on PD development. RESULTS The overall survey of the populations showed no significant association between mitochondrial DNA A10398G polymorphism (G allele compared to A allele) and PD (odds ratio = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.70-1.04, p = 0.111); however, a significant association between the mutation and PD was observed in the Caucasian population (odds ratio = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.58-0.87, p = 0.001). A neutral effect was observed in the Asian population (odds ratio = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.94-1.28, p = 0.242). CONCLUSIONS The results of this meta-analysis showed the potential protective effect of the mitochondrial DNA A10398G polymorphism on the risk of developing PD in the Caucasian population. Studies with better designs and larger samples with intensive work are required to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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