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Auer R, Schoeni A, Humair JP, Jacot-Sadowski I, Berlin I, Stuber MJ, Haller ML, Tango RC, Frei A, Strassmann A, Bruggmann P, Baty F, Brutsche M, Tal K, Baggio S, Jakob J, Sambiagio N, Hopf NB, Feller M, Rodondi N, Berthet A. Electronic Nicotine-Delivery Systems for Smoking Cessation. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:601-610. [PMID: 38354139 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2308815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic nicotine-delivery systems - also called e-cigarettes - are used by some tobacco smokers to assist with quitting. Evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of these systems is needed. METHODS In this open-label, controlled trial, we randomly assigned adults who were smoking at least five tobacco cigarettes per day and who wanted to set a quit date to an intervention group, which received free e-cigarettes and e-liquids, standard-of-care smoking-cessation counseling, and optional (not free) nicotine-replacement therapy, or to a control group, which received standard counseling and a voucher, which they could use for any purpose, including nicotine-replacement therapy. The primary outcome was biochemically validated, continuous abstinence from smoking at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included participant-reported abstinence from tobacco and from any nicotine (including smoking, e-cigarettes, and nicotine-replacement therapy) at 6 months, respiratory symptoms, and serious adverse events. RESULTS A total of 1246 participants underwent randomization; 622 participants were assigned to the intervention group, and 624 to the control group. The percentage of participants with validated continuous abstinence from tobacco smoking was 28.9% in the intervention group and 16.3% in the control group (relative risk, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.43 to 2.20). The percentage of participants who abstained from smoking in the 7 days before the 6-month visit was 59.6% in the intervention group and 38.5% in the control group, but the percentage who abstained from any nicotine use was 20.1% in the intervention group and 33.7% in the control group. Serious adverse events occurred in 25 participants (4.0%) in the intervention group and in 31 (5.0%) in the control group; adverse events occurred in 272 participants (43.7%) and 229 participants (36.7%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The addition of e-cigarettes to standard smoking-cessation counseling resulted in greater abstinence from tobacco use among smokers than smoking-cessation counseling alone. (Funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation and others; ESTxENDS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03589989.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto Auer
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
| | - Anna Schoeni
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
| | - Jean-Paul Humair
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
| | - Isabelle Jacot-Sadowski
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
| | - Ivan Berlin
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
| | - Mirah J Stuber
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
| | - Moa Lina Haller
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
| | - Rodrigo Casagrande Tango
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
| | - Anja Frei
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
| | - Alexandra Strassmann
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
| | - Philip Bruggmann
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
| | - Florent Baty
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
| | - Martin Brutsche
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
| | - Kali Tal
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
| | - Stéphanie Baggio
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
| | - Julian Jakob
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
| | - Nicolas Sambiagio
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
| | - Martin Feller
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
| | - Nicolas Rodondi
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
| | - Aurélie Berthet
- From the Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM) (R.A., A. Schoeni, M.J.S., M.L.H., K.T., S.B., J.J., M.F., N.R.) and the Departments of General Internal Medicine (M.J.S., N.R.) and Pediatrics (J.J.), Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, the University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne (R.A., I.J.-S., I.B., N.S., N.B.H., A.B.), the Department of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva (J.-P.H., R.C.T.), the Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich (A.F., A. Strassmann), Arud Center for Addiction Medicine (P.B.), and the Institute of Primary Care, University and University Hospital of Zurich (P.B.), Zurich, the Lung Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (F.B., M.B.), the University of Basel, Basel (F.B., M.B.), and the Population Health Laboratory, University of Fribourg, Fribourg (S.B.) - all in Switzerland; and the Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris (I.B.)
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Reale E, Hopf NB, Breider F, Grandjean D, Pirard C, Charlier C, Koch HM, Berthet A, Suarez G, Borgatta M. Repeated Human Exposure to Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Inhalation: Novel Protocol for a Nonrandomized Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e51020. [PMID: 37831504 PMCID: PMC10612011 DOI: 10.2196/51020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) comprise several different chemical families used mainly as additives in many everyday products. SVOCs can be released into the air as aerosols and deposit on particulate matter during use by dispersion, evaporation, or abrasion. Phthalates are SVOCs of growing concern due to their endocrine-disrupting effects. Human data on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of these compounds upon inhalation are almost nonexistent. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study is to develop a method for repeated inhalation exposures to SVOCs to characterize their ADME in humans. METHODS We will use diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), a major indoor air pollutant, as a model SVOC in this novel protocol. The Swiss official Commission on Ethics in Human Research, Canton de Vaud, approved the study on October 14, 2020 (project-ID 2020-01095). Participants (n=10) will be repeatedly exposed (2 short daily exposures over 4 days) to isotope-labeled DEHP (DEHP-d4) to distinguish administered exposures from background exposures. DEHP-d4 aerosols will be generated with a small, portable, aerosol-generating device. Participants will inhale DEHP-d4-containing aerosols themselves with this device at home. Air concentrations of the airborne phthalates will be less than or equal to their occupational exposure limit (OEL). DEHP-d4 and its metabolites will be quantified in urine and blood before, during, and after exposure. RESULTS Our developed device can generate DEHP-d4 aerosols with diameters of 2.5 μm or smaller and a mean DEHP-d4 mass of 1.4 (SD 0.2) μg per puff (n=6). As of May 2023, we have enrolled 5 participants. CONCLUSIONS The portable device can be used to generate phthalate aerosols for repeated exposure in human studies. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/51020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Reale
- Department of Occupational Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Department of Occupational Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Breider
- Central Environmental Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Grandjean
- Central Environmental Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Pirard
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Corinne Charlier
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Holger M Koch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Aurélie Berthet
- Department of Occupational Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Suarez
- Department of Occupational Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Borgatta
- Department of Occupational Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Sanvido O, Basketter DA, Berthet A, Bloch D, Ezendam J, Hopf NB, Kleinstreuer N, Merolla LL, Uter W, Wiemann C, Wilks MF. Quantitative risk assessment of skin sensitising pesticides: Clinical and toxicological considerations. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 144:105493. [PMID: 37717614 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Like many other consumer and occupational products, pesticide formulations may contain active ingredients or co-formulants which have the potential to cause skin sensitisation. Currently, there is little evidence they do, but that could just reflect lack of clinical investigation. Consequently, it is necessary to carry out a safety evaluation process, quantifying risks so that they can be properly managed. A workshop on this topic in 2022 discussed how best to undertake quantitative risk assessment (QRA) for pesticide products, including learning from the experience of industries, notably cosmetics, that already undertake such a process routinely. It also addressed ways to remedy the matter of clinical investigation, even if only to demonstrate the absence of a problem. Workshop participants concluded that QRA for skin sensitisers in pesticide formulations was possible, but required careful justification of any safety factors applied, as well as improvements to the estimation of skin exposure. The need for regulations to stay abreast of the science was also noted. Ultimately, the success of any risk assessment/management for skin sensitisers must be judged by the clinical picture. Accordingly, the workshop participants encouraged the development of more active skin health monitoring amongst groups most exposed to the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Sanvido
- State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECO, Holzikofenweg 36, 3003, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | - Aurélie Berthet
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de La Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denise Bloch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Ezendam
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Health Protection, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721, MA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de La Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM), Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | | | - Wolfgang Uter
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität, Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Martin F Wilks
- University of Basel, Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, Missionsstrasse 64, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Oltramare C, Mediouni Z, Shoman Y, Hopf NB, Graczyk H, Berthet A. Determinants of Pesticide Exposure in Occupational Studies: A Meta-Analysis. Toxics 2023; 11:623. [PMID: 37505588 PMCID: PMC10386710 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Few epidemiological studies use exposure determinants specifically tailored to assess pesticide or plant protection product (PPP) exposures when assessing presumed association between occupational exposure and health outcomes among agricultural workers. This lack of exposure specificity could lead to results that fail to detect an association. It could be related to the lack of consensus on exposure assessment methods and the choice of exposure determinants. We conducted a meta-analysis following the PRISMA checklist to identify PPP exposure determinants used in occupational studies and identified exposure determinants that best characterized agricultural exposures to PPPs. Out of 1436 studies identified, 71 were included. The exposure determinants identified were active ingredients, chemical classes, types of PPP, crops, tasks, frequencies, duration, lifetime exposure days, and intensity-weighted exposure days. Only six over 17 associations between exposure determinants and health outcomes were found with moderate quality of evidence. Overall, epidemiological studies had difficulty defining relevant determinants to characterize PPP exposures for agricultural workers. We recommend that a standardized list of determinants for PPP exposures in occupational exposure studies should include information on formulations, intensity, duration, and frequency of PPP exposure. Harmonized data collection on exposure and health outcomes are required as well as standard units for each exposure determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Oltramare
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zakia Mediouni
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yara Shoman
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Halshka Graczyk
- International Labour Organization (ILO), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Berthet
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Desorgher L, Berthet A, Rossier J, Bochud F, Froidevaux P. Dosimetry in the lungs of α-particles ( 210Po) and β-particles ( 210Pb) present in the tobacco smoke of conventional cigarettes and heated tobacco products. J Environ Radioact 2023; 263:107178. [PMID: 37060833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco products contain radioactive 210Pb and 210Po which can be transferred from the filler to the mainstream smoke. When inhaled, they can contribute to the radioactive dose to the lungs and are suspected to significantly contribute to lung cancer from smoking. Currently, no data are available on the radioactive risk of the heated tobacco products (HTP). However, due to the relatively high heat involved in some of these devices, there are concerns about the volatility of polonium particles. Here we used data on the 210Po and 210Pb content in tobacco smoke along with biokinetic and dosimetric models to compute the effective dose induced by conventional smoking and by using an HTP device (PMI IQOS system). Results show that conventional smoking of one pack per day induces a dose to the lung of about 0.3 mSv/year. This dose decreases by a factor of ten (0.03 mSv/year) for the IQOS system. However, this dose reduction is not obtained by specific countermeasures but by the fact that the IQOS system heats only 15% of the tobacco filler to the target temperature of 330 °C. When heated homogeneously to 300 °C, both conventional and Heets (IQOS) cigarettes release about 80% of the 210Po from the tobacco, leading to similar doses to lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Desorgher
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Berthet
- University of Lausanne, Ctr Primary Care & Publ Hlth Unisante, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérémie Rossier
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Bochud
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Froidevaux
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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6
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Vernez D, Oltramare C, Sauvaget B, Demougeot-Renard H, Aicher L, Roth N, Rossi I, Radaelli A, Lerch S, Marolf V, Berthet A. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) soil contamination in Lausanne, Switzerland: Combining pollution mapping and human exposure assessment for targeted risk management. Environ Pollut 2023; 316:120441. [PMID: 36349640 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In December 2020, high soil concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were discovered across large parts of Lausanne, Switzerland. Concentrations reached up to 640 ng TEQWHO-2005/kg dry weight. The most likely source was a former municipal waste incinerator. A three-step, multidisciplinary approach to human health risk assessment was conducted to determine the potential population exposure to PCDD/Fs and identify appropriate preventive measures. First, exposure scenarios were developed based on contaminated land uses. Second, the toxicological risks of different scenarios were evaluated using a toxicokinetic model estimating increases in blood serum PCDD/F concentrations over background concentrations from the general population's food consumption. Third, a detailed geostatistical mapping of PCDD/F soil contamination was performed. Stochastic simulations with an external drift and an anisotropic model of the variogram were generated to incorporate the effects of distance from emission source, topography, and main wind directions on the spatial distribution of PCDD/Fs in topsoil. Three main scenarios were assessed: i) direct ingestion of soil by children in playgrounds; ii) consumption of vegetables from private gardens by children and adults; and iii) consumption of food from livestock and poultry raised on contaminated soil. The worst exposure scenario involved the consumption of eggs from private hen houses, resulting in PCDD/F concentrations in serum an order of magnitude higher than might normally be expected. No relevant increases in serum concentrations were calculated for direct soil ingestion and vegetable consumption, except for cucurbitaceous vegetables. Combining mapping and exposure scenario assessment resulted in targeted protective measures for land users, especially concerning food consumption. The results also raised concerns about the potential unsafe consumption of products derived from animals raised on land with PCDD/F concentrations only moderately over environmental background levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vernez
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Christelle Oltramare
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Lothar Aicher
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Roth
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Rossi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Arianna Radaelli
- Public Health Service, Canton of Vaud, CH-1014 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lerch
- Ruminant Research Group, Agroscope, CH-1725 Posieux, Switzerland
| | | | - Aurélie Berthet
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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7
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Sambiagio N, Berthet A, Wild P, Sauvain JJ, Auer R, Schoeni A, Rodondi N, Feller M, Humair JP, Berlin I, Breider F, Grandjean D, Hopf NB. Associations between urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress and biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure in smokers. Sci Total Environ 2022; 852:158361. [PMID: 36058322 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can contribute to the development of diseases, and may originate from exposures to toxicants commonly found in air pollution and cigarette smoke such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Yet, associations between these exposures and oxidative stress biomarkers are poorly characterized. We report here novel associations between 14 exposure biomarkers of PAHs and VOCs, and two oxidative stress biomarkers; 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-isoprostane) in urine obtained from smokers participating in an ongoing clinical study (ESTxENDS, NCT03589989). We also assessed associations between six biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure (metabolites of nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs)) and both oxidative stress biomarkers. We then quantified the relative importance of each family of the 20 exposure biomarkers on oxidative stress. Participating smokers (153 men and 117 women, median age 44 years) had on average smoked 25 [2-62] years and smoked about 17 [5-40] cigarettes per day at the time of the study. Multiple linear regression results showed an association between 8-oxodG concentrations and the following metabolites in decreasing relative importance: PAHs (beta coefficient β = 0.105, p-value <0.001, partial R2 = 0.15) > VOCs (β = 0.028, p < 0.001, partial R2 = 0.09) > nicotine (β = 0.226, p < 0.001, partial R2 = 0.08); and between 8-isoprostane concentrations and metabolites of PAHs (β = 0.117, p < 0.001, partial R2 = 0.14) > VOCs (β = 0.040, p < 0.001, partial R2 = 0.14) > TSNAs (β = 0.202, p = 0.003, partial R2 = 0.09) > nicotine (β = 0.266, p < 0.001, partial R2 = 0.08). Behavioral factors known to contribute to oxidative stress, including sleep quality, physical activity, and alcohol consumption, did not play a significant role. Exposures to PAHs and VOCs among smokers were significantly associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sambiagio
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Aurélie Berthet
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Wild
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Jacques Sauvain
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Reto Auer
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Schoeni
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Rodondi
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Feller
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Humair
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Ivan Berlin
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Pharmacology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Florian Breider
- Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Dominique Grandjean
- Central Environmental Laboratory (GR-CEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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8
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Berthet A, Butty A, Rossier J, Sadowski IJ, Froidevaux P. 210Po and 210Pb content in the smoke of Heated Tobacco Products versus Conventional Cigarette smoking. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10314. [PMID: 35725999 PMCID: PMC9207432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
210Po is a radioactive component of conventional cigarette tobacco smoke and is a recognized carcinogen. Despite the expanding market of heated tobacco products, no data are available on the activity of 210Po in the smoke of IQOS Heets cigarette. We determined the 210Po activity in the mainstream smoke of thirteen cigarette brands available on the Swiss market using a smoking machine and compared the results to the 210Po activity measured in the mainstream smoke of the IQOS system. In addition, we measured the 210Po and 210Pb loss on heating after uniform heating from 50 to 600 °C for several cigarette brands and the Heets cigarettes. 13.6 ± 4.1% of 210Po activity was found in the mainstream smoke in conventional cigarette smoking (7% for 210Pb). This dropped to 1.8 ± 0.3% in the mainstream smoke of IQOS Heets. Conversely, when the tobacco was heated uniformly at 330 °C, a loss of 210Po of more than 80% was observed for all type of cigarettes. Apparently, IQOS significantly reduced the 210Po and 210Pb activities in the mainstream smoke. However, our results show that only 15% of the Heets tobacco reaches 330 °C with IQOS. While IQOS reduces the 210Po and 210Pb activities in the mainstream smoke compared to conventional cigarettes, it only heats a marginal fraction of the tobacco present in the Heets cigarette. Because smoking is an addiction (mostly due to nicotine), IQOS could possibly deliver an unsatisfactory dose of nicotine to a Heets cigarette smoker, as most of the tobacco is left unaltered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Berthet
- University of Lausanne, Ctr Primary Care & Publ Hlth Unisante, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Butty
- University of Lausanne, Ctr Primary Care & Publ Hlth Unisante, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérémie Rossier
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Grand Pré 1, 1007, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Pascal Froidevaux
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Grand Pré 1, 1007, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto Auer
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Switzerland (R.A.)
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland (R.A., A.B.)
| | | | - Aurélie Berthet
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland (R.A., A.B.)
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10
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Reale E, Berthet A, Wild P, Vernez D, Hopf NB. Influence of experimental parameters on in vitro human skin permeation of Bisphenol A. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 73:105129. [PMID: 33662515 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) in vitro skin permeation studies have shown inconsistent results, which could be due to experimental conditions. We studied the impact of in vitro parameters on BPA skin permeation using flow-through diffusion cells with ex-vivo human skin (12 donors, 3-12 replicates). We varied skin status (viable or frozen skin) and thickness (200, 400, 800 μm), BPA concentrations (18, 250 mg/l) and vehicle volumes (10, 100 and 1000 μl/cm2). These conditions led to a wide range of BPA absorption (2%-24% after 24 h exposure), peak permeation rates (J = 0.02-1.31 μg/cm2/h), and permeability coefficients (Kp = 1.6-5.2 × 10-3 cm/h). This is the first time steady state conditions were reached for BPA aqueous solutions in vitro (1000 μl/cm2 applied at concentration 250 mg/l). A reduction of the skin thickness from 800 and 400 μm to 200 μm led to a 3-fold increase of J (P < 0.05). A reduction of the vehicle volume from 1000 to 100 led to a 2-fold decrease in J (P > 0.05). Previously frozen skin led to a 3-fold increase in J compared to viable skin (P < 0.001). We found that results from published studies were consistent when adjusting J according to experimental parameters. We propose appropriate J values for different exposure scenarios to calculate BPA internal exposures for use in risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Reale
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), affiliated to University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Berthet
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), affiliated to University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Wild
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), affiliated to University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland; French Research and Safety Institute (INRS), 1 rue du Morvan, CS 60027, F-54519 Vandœuvre cedex, France
| | - D Vernez
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), affiliated to University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N B Hopf
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), affiliated to University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland.
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11
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Hulin M, Leroux C, Mathieu A, Gouzy A, Berthet A, Boivin A, Bonicelli B, Chubilleau C, Hulin A, Leoz Garziandia E, Mamy L, Millet M, Pernot P, Quivet E, Scelo AL, Merlo M, Ruelle B, Bedos C. Monitoring of pesticides in ambient air: Prioritization of substances. Sci Total Environ 2021; 753:141722. [PMID: 33207457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the richness of data collected on pesticide concentrations in ambient air in France, knowledge on this topic remains partial and heterogeneous in the absence of specific regulations. The population exposure remains thus difficult to estimate; therefore it was necessary to define modalities for implementing national monitoring of pesticides in ambient air in metropolitan France and in the overseas territories. The objective of this work was to identify which active substances (a.s.) have to be monitored in priority. As part of a collective expertise, a group of multidisciplinary experts has developed a method to rank active substances authorised as plant protection products, biocides and antiparasitic agents, which were available on the French market in 2015. A 3-steps approach has been developed. The first step consisted of a theoretical approach based on a hierarchy of substances according to four criteria: (a) national uses, (b) emission potential to the air, (c) persistence in the air, and (d) chronic toxicity. The three first criteria give information on their potential to be present in the atmosphere, and the fourth criterion allows to consider their potential of hazard. The second step was an observational approach based on existing database on pesticide air measurements in France. In the third step, both approaches were combined using decision trees to select priority pesticides. Among the 1316 a.s. first identified from the EU Pesticides database, 90 were selected, among which 43 required metrological and/or analytical development. The experts recommended confirming the relevance of performing a longer term monitoring of these a. s. after a one-year exploratory campaign. The proposed method is reproduceable, transparent, easy to update (e.g. in the light of a change in product authorization), and can be adapted to other agricultural and geographical conditions, and objectives (e.g. monitoring of the ecotoxicological effects of pesticides).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Hulin
- ANSES, Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Carole Leroux
- ANSES, Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Aurélie Mathieu
- ANSES, Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Aurélien Gouzy
- INERIS, Parc technologique ALATA BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Aurélie Berthet
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Boivin
- ANSES, Regulated Products Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Bernard Bonicelli
- INRAE UMR ITAP, 361 Rue Jean François Breton, 34196 Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Chubilleau
- Service d'hygiène hospitalière, Centre hospitalier de Niort, 79000 Niort, France
| | - Agnès Hulin
- ATMO Nouvelle Aquitaine, ZI Périgny, La Rochelle, 17180, Perigny, France
| | - Eva Leoz Garziandia
- INERIS, Parc technologique ALATA BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; LCSQA, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Laure Mamy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Maurice Millet
- ICPEES (UMR 7515 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | | | | | - Anne-Laure Scelo
- ANSES, Regulated Products Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Mathilde Merlo
- ANSES, Risk Assessment Department, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Bernadette Ruelle
- INRAE UMR ITAP, 361 Rue Jean François Breton, 34196 Montpellier, France
| | - Carole Bedos
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
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Daruich A, Sauvain JJ, Matet A, Eperon S, Schweizer C, Berthet A, Danuser B, Behar-Cohen F. Levels of the oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde in tears of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy relate to disease activity. Mol Vis 2020; 26:722-730. [PMID: 33209015 PMCID: PMC7655974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) has been associated with oxidative stress-related risk factors. The objective of this study was to optimize an analytical method for evaluating the oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA) in human tears and determine its level in the tears of patients with CSCR. Methods In this pilot study, tear samples were obtained from 34 healthy donors and 31 treatment-naïve CSCR male patients (eight with acute CSCR and 23 with chronic CSCR). Two analytical methods based on high-performance liquid chromatography followed by fluorescence detection were evaluated, with either 2-thiobarbituric derivative (TBA) or 2-aminoacridone (2-AA). Activity of CSCR was defined by the serous retinal detachment (SRD) height, which was measured by two independent observers on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Results The 2-AA method showed higher sensitivity and precision compared to the TBA method. When the 2-AA method was applied to tears from healthy donors, the levels of MDA were statistically significantly higher in men compared to women (mean ± standard deviation, SD: 9,914 nM ± 6,126 versus 4,635 nM ± 1,173, p = 0.006). No difference was found in tear MDA levels between male patients with CSCR and age-matched control men (p = 0.17). However, MDA levels were statistically significantly higher in acute compared to chronic CSCR cases (mean ± SD: 12,295 nM ± 8,495 versus 6,790 ± 3,969 nM, p = 0.03). Additionally, there was a correlation between MDA levels and RPE leakage, quantified by the height of the serous retinal detachment (p = 0.02, r = 0.40). Conclusions Levels of MDA in tears, measured with an optimized analytical method, correlate with RPE leakage in CSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Daruich
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université de Paris, Université Paris Sorbonne, From physiopathology of ocular diseases to clinical development, Paris, France,Ophthalmology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France,Department of ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Jacques Sauvain
- Unisanté, Lausanne, Département Santé au Travail et Environnement, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Matet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université de Paris, Université Paris Sorbonne, From physiopathology of ocular diseases to clinical development, Paris, France,Department of ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland,Institut Curie, Department of Ophthalmology, Paris, France,Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Simone Eperon
- Department of ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claude Schweizer
- Department of ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Berthet
- Unisanté, Lausanne, Département Santé au Travail et Environnement, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brigitta Danuser
- Unisanté, Lausanne, Département Santé au Travail et Environnement, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université de Paris, Université Paris Sorbonne, From physiopathology of ocular diseases to clinical development, Paris, France,Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France,AP-HP, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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Coste A, Bailey HD, Kartal-Kaess M, Renella R, Berthet A, Spycher BD. Parental occupational exposure to pesticides and risk of childhood cancer in Switzerland: a census-based cohort study. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:819. [PMID: 32859175 PMCID: PMC7456012 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07319-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide exposure is a suspected risk factor for childhood cancer. We investigated the risk of developing childhood cancer in relation to parental occupational exposure to pesticides in Switzerland for the period 1990-2015. METHODS From a nationwide census-based cohort study in Switzerland, we included children aged < 16 years at national censuses of 1990 and 2000 and followed them until 2015. We extracted parental occupations reported at the census closest to the birth year of the child and estimated exposure to pesticides using a job exposure matrix. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for potential confounders, were fitted for the following outcomes: any cancer, leukaemia, central nervous system tumours (CNST), lymphoma, non-CNS solid tumours. RESULTS Analyses of maternal (paternal) exposure were based on approximately 15.9 (15.1) million-person years at risk and included 1891 (1808) cases of cancer, of which 532 (503) were leukaemia, 348 (337) lymphomas, 423 (399) CNST, and 588 (569) non-CNS solid tumours. The prevalence of high likelihood of exposure was 2.9% for mothers and 6.7% for fathers. No evidence of an association was found with maternal or paternal exposure for any of the outcomes, except for "non-CNS solid tumours" (High versus None; Father: adjusted HR [95%CI] =1.84 [1.31-2.58]; Mother: 1.79 [1.13-2.84]). No evidence of an association was found for main subtypes of leukaemia and lymphoma. A post-hoc analysis on frequent subtypes of "non-CNS solid tumours" showed positive associations with wide CIs for some cancers. CONCLUSION Our study suggests an increased risk for solid tumours other than in the CNS among children whose parents were occupationally exposed to pesticides; however, the small numbers of cases limited a closer investigation of cancer subtypes. Better exposure assessment and pooled studies are needed to further explore a possible link between specific childhood cancers types and parental occupational exposure to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Coste
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Helen D Bailey
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mutlu Kartal-Kaess
- Division of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Renella
- Pediatric Haematology-Oncology Unit, Division of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Berthet
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ben D Spycher
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Hopf NB, Champmartin C, Schenk L, Berthet A, Chedik L, Du Plessis JL, Franken A, Frasch F, Gaskin S, Johanson G, Julander A, Kasting G, Kilo S, Larese Filon F, Marquet F, Midander K, Reale E, Bunge AL. Reflections on the OECD guidelines for in vitro skin absorption studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 117:104752. [PMID: 32791089 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
At the 8th conference of Occupational and Environmental Exposure of the Skin to Chemicals (OEESC) (16-18 September 2019) in Dublin, Ireland, several researchers performing skin permeation assays convened to discuss in vitro skin permeability experiments. We, along with other colleagues, all of us hands-on skin permeation researchers, present here the results from our discussions on the available OECD guidelines. The discussions were especially focused on three OECD skin absorption documents, including a recent revision of one: i) OECD Guidance Document 28 (GD28) for the conduct of skin absorption studies (OECD, 2004), ii) Test Guideline 428 (TGD428) for measuring skin absorption of chemical in vitro (OECD, 2004), and iii) OECD Guidance Notes 156 (GN156) on dermal absorption issued in 2011 (OECD, 2011). GN156 (OECD, 2019) is currently under review but not finalized. A mutual concern was that these guidance documents do not comprehensively address methodological issues or the performance of the test, which might be partially due to the years needed to finalize and update OECD documents with new skin research evidence. Here, we summarize the numerous factors that can influence skin permeation and its measurement, and where guidance on several of these are omitted and often not discussed in published articles. We propose several improvements of these guidelines, which would contribute in harmonizing future in vitro skin permeation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Hopf
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisante), Department for Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), Exposure Science Unit, Switzerland.
| | - C Champmartin
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), France.
| | - L Schenk
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Sweden.
| | - A Berthet
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisante), Department for Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), Exposure Science Unit, Switzerland.
| | - L Chedik
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), France.
| | - J L Du Plessis
- Occupational Hygiene and Health Research Initiative (OHHRI) North-West University, South Africa.
| | - A Franken
- Occupational Hygiene and Health Research Initiative (OHHRI) North-West University, South Africa.
| | - F Frasch
- Occupational Hygiene and Health Research Initiative (OHHRI) North-West University, South Africa.
| | - S Gaskin
- University of Adelaide, School of Public Health, Health and Medical Sciences, Australia.
| | - G Johanson
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Sweden.
| | - A Julander
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Sweden.
| | - G Kasting
- University of Cincinnati, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, USA.
| | - S Kilo
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Germany.
| | - F Larese Filon
- University of Trieste, Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Italy.
| | - F Marquet
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), France.
| | - K Midander
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Sweden.
| | - E Reale
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisante), Department for Occupational and Environmental Health (DSTE), Exposure Science Unit, Switzerland.
| | - A L Bunge
- Colorado School of Mines, Chemical and Biological Engineering, USA.
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15
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Berthet A, Hechon J, Hopf NB. Tolylfluanid permeates human skin slowly and as dimethylamino sulfotoluidid (DMST). Toxicol Lett 2020; 324:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Berthet A, Jacot Sadowski I, Zürcher K, Guenin V, Gendre A, Auer R, Vernez D, Cornuz J. [« Heated » tobacco products : what do you need to know ?]. Rev Med Suisse 2018; 14:1935-1941. [PMID: 30379475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the decline of conventional cigarette sales, tobacco companies developed and began marketing a new type of product that does not burn tobacco in 2015. These products, called « heated tobacco products » (HTP), are marketed as potentially reduced risk products because their technology limits combustion and the generation of toxic compounds. However, the principal harmful compounds commonly measured in conventional cigarette smoke are also present in HTP emissions. Currently, few independent studies have verified the level of risk of these HTP, which raises important questions for the population and public health actors. This article aims to describes the current situation with regards to HTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Berthet
- Institut universitaire romand de santé au travail (IST), Université de Lausanne et Université de Genève, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges
| | | | - Karin Zürcher
- Promotion Santé Vaud, Avenue de Provence 12, 1007 Lausanne
| | | | - Aude Gendre
- Promotion Santé Vaud, Avenue de Provence 12, 1007 Lausanne
| | - Reto Auer
- PMU, 1011 Lausanne
- Berner Institut für Hausarztmedizin (BIHAM), Universität Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Berne
| | - David Vernez
- Institut universitaire romand de santé au travail (IST), Université de Lausanne et Université de Genève, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066 Epalinges
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto Auer
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Cornuz
- Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Berthet
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), University of Lausanne and Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Lewinski NA, Berthet A, Maurizi L, Eisenbeis A, Hopf NB. Effectiveness of hand washing on the removal of iron oxide nanoparticles from human skin ex vivo. J Occup Environ Hyg 2017; 14:D115-D119. [PMID: 28426382 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2017.1296238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effectiveness of washing with soap and water in removing nanoparticles from exposed skin was investigated. Dry, nanoscale hematite (α-Fe2O3) or maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) powder, with primary particle diameters between 20-30 nm, were applied to two samples each of fresh and frozen ex vivo human skin in two independent experiments. The permeation of nanoparticles through skin, and the removal of nanoparticles after washing with soap and water were investigated. Bare iron oxide nanoparticles remained primarily on the surface of the skin, without penetrating beyond the stratum corneum. Skin exposed to iron oxide nanoparticles for 1 and 20 hr resulted in removal of 85% and 90%, respectively, of the original dose after washing. In the event of dermal exposure to chemicals, removal is essential to avoid potential local irritation or permeation across skin. Although manufactured at an industrial scale and used extensively in laboratory experiments, limited data are available on the removal of engineered nanoparticles after skin contact. Our finding raises questions about the potential consequences of nanoparticles remaining on the skin and whether alternative washing methods should be proposed. Further studies on skin decontamination beyond use of soap and water are needed to improve the understanding of the potential health consequences of dermal exposure to nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastassja A Lewinski
- a Institute for Work and Health , University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
- b Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia
| | - Aurélie Berthet
- a Institute for Work and Health , University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Lionel Maurizi
- c Powder Technology Laboratory , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Antoine Eisenbeis
- a Institute for Work and Health , University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- a Institute for Work and Health , University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
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Abstract
This study analyzed the content of smoke from heat-not-burn tobacco cigarettes compared with that of conventional cigarettes to determine whether similar toxic compounds are released in heat-not-burn cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto Auer
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland2Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Concha-Lozano
- Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne and Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Jacot-Sadowski
- Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Cornuz
- Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Berthet
- Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne and Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Berthet A, De Cesare M, Favrat B, Sporkert F, Augsburger M, Thomas A, Giroud C. A systematic review of passive exposure to cannabis. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 269:97-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Varlet V, Concha-Lozano N, Berthet A, Thomas A, Augsburger M, Giroud C. Cannavaping : vapotage récréatif de stupéfiants ou nouveau mode d’administration de médicaments ? Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Varlet V, Concha-Lozano N, Berthet A, Plateel G, Favrat B, De Cesare M, Lauer E, Augsburger M, Thomas A, Giroud C. Drug vaping applied to cannabis: Is "Cannavaping" a therapeutic alternative to marijuana? Sci Rep 2016; 6:25599. [PMID: 27228348 PMCID: PMC4881394 DOI: 10.1038/srep25599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic cannabis administration is increasingly used in Western countries due to its positive role in several pathologies. Dronabinol or tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) pills, ethanolic cannabis tinctures, oromucosal sprays or table vaporizing devices are available but other cannabinoids forms can be used. Inspired by the illegal practice of dabbing of butane hashish oil (BHO), cannabinoids from cannabis were extracted with butane gas, and the resulting concentrate (BHO) was atomized with specific vaporizing devices. The efficiency of "cannavaping," defined as the "vaping" of liquid refills for e-cigarettes enriched with cannabinoids, including BHO, was studied as an alternative route of administration for therapeutic cannabinoids. The results showed that illegal cannavaping would be subjected to marginal development due to the poor solubility of BHO in commercial liquid refills (especially those with high glycerin content). This prevents the manufacture of liquid refills with high BHO concentrations adopted by most recreational users of cannabis to feel the psychoactive effects more rapidly and extensively. Conversely, "therapeutic cannavaping" could be an efficient route for cannabinoids administration because less concentrated cannabinoids-enriched liquid refills are required. However, the electronic device marketed for therapeutic cannavaping should be carefully designed to minimize potential overheating and contaminant generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Varlet
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Centre of Legal Medicine, Geneva-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Concha-Lozano
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), University of Lausanne, University of Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Berthet
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), University of Lausanne, University of Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Plateel
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), University of Lausanne, University of Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Favrat
- Psychology and Traffic Medicine Unit, University Centre of Legal Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mariangela De Cesare
- Psychology and Traffic Medicine Unit, University Centre of Legal Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Lauer
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Centre of Legal Medicine, Geneva-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Augsburger
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Centre of Legal Medicine, Geneva-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Thomas
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Centre of Legal Medicine, Geneva-Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Giroud
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Centre of Legal Medicine, Geneva-Lausanne, Switzerland
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Berthet A, Pralong L, Benaroyo L, Vernez D, Hopf N. Ethics in managing occupational biomonitoring programs. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Giroud C, de Cesare M, Berthet A, Varlet V, Concha-Lozano N, Favrat B. E-Cigarettes: A Review of New Trends in Cannabis Use. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2015; 12:9988-10008. [PMID: 26308021 PMCID: PMC4555324 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120809988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) has given cannabis smokers a new method of inhaling cannabinoids. E-cigs differ from traditional marijuana cigarettes in several respects. First, it is assumed that vaporizing cannabinoids at lower temperatures is safer because it produces smaller amounts of toxic substances than the hot combustion of a marijuana cigarette. Recreational cannabis users can discretely “vape” deodorized cannabis extracts with minimal annoyance to the people around them and less chance of detection. There are nevertheless several drawbacks worth mentioning: although manufacturing commercial (or homemade) cannabinoid-enriched electronic liquids (e-liquids) requires lengthy, complex processing, some are readily on the Internet despite their lack of quality control, expiry date, and conditions of preservation and, above all, any toxicological and clinical assessment. Besides these safety problems, the regulatory situation surrounding e-liquids is often unclear. More simply ground cannabis flowering heads or concentrated, oily THC extracts (such as butane honey oil or BHO) can be vaped in specially designed, pen-sized marijuana vaporizers. Analysis of a commercial e-liquid rich in cannabidiol showed that it contained a smaller dose of active ingredient than advertised; testing our laboratory-made, purified BHO, however, confirmed that it could be vaped in an e-cig to deliver a psychoactive dose of THC. The health consequences specific to vaping these cannabis preparations remain largely unknown and speculative due to the absence of comprehensive, robust scientific studies. The most significant health concerns involve the vaping of cannabinoids by children and teenagers. E-cigs could provide an alternative gateway to cannabis use for young people. Furthermore, vaping cannabinoids could lead to environmental and passive contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Giroud
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine (CURML), CH-1000 Lausanne 25, Switzerland; E-Mail:
- Department of Community Medicine and Health (DUMSC), Rue du Bugnon 44, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; E-Mails: (A.B.); (N.C.-L.); (B.F.)
- Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +41(0)-79-556-58-91; Fax: +41(0)-21-314-70-90
| | - Mariangela de Cesare
- Unità di Medicina e Psicologia del Traffico, via Trevano 4, Casella postale 4044, CH-6904 Lugano, Switzerland; E-Mail:
| | - Aurélie Berthet
- Department of Community Medicine and Health (DUMSC), Rue du Bugnon 44, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; E-Mails: (A.B.); (N.C.-L.); (B.F.)
- Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), Route de la Corniche 2, CH-1066 Epalinges - Lausanne, University of Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Varlet
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine (CURML), CH-1000 Lausanne 25, Switzerland; E-Mail:
- Department of Community Medicine and Health (DUMSC), Rue du Bugnon 44, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; E-Mails: (A.B.); (N.C.-L.); (B.F.)
- Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Concha-Lozano
- Department of Community Medicine and Health (DUMSC), Rue du Bugnon 44, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; E-Mails: (A.B.); (N.C.-L.); (B.F.)
- Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Work and Health (IST), Route de la Corniche 2, CH-1066 Epalinges - Lausanne, University of Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Favrat
- Department of Community Medicine and Health (DUMSC), Rue du Bugnon 44, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; E-Mails: (A.B.); (N.C.-L.); (B.F.)
- Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Unit of Traffic Medicine and Psychology, CURML, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of General Medicine, Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine (PMU), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 44, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Miles A, Berthet A, Hopf N, Gilliet M, Raffoul W, Vernez D, Spring P. A new alternative method for testing skin irritation using a human skin model: A pilot study. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:240-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hopf N, Berthet A, Vernez D, Langard E, Spring P, Gaudin R. Skin permeation and metabolism of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Toxicol Lett 2014; 224:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Berthet A, Heredia-Ortiz R, Vernez D, Danuser B, Bouchard M. A detailed urinary excretion time course study of captan and folpet biomarkers in workers for the estimation of dose, main route-of-entry and most appropriate sampling and analysis strategies. Ann Occup Hyg 2012; 56:815-28. [PMID: 22425654 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mes011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Captan and folpet are two fungicides largely used in agriculture, but biomonitoring data are mostly limited to measurements of captan metabolite concentrations in spot urine samples of workers, which complicate interpretation of results in terms of internal dose estimation, daily variations according to tasks performed, and most plausible routes of exposure. This study aimed at performing repeated biological measurements of exposure to captan and folpet in field workers (i) to better assess internal dose along with main routes-of-entry according to tasks and (ii) to establish most appropriate sampling and analysis strategies. The detailed urinary excretion time courses of specific and non-specific biomarkers of exposure to captan and folpet were established in tree farmers (n = 2) and grape growers (n = 3) over a typical workweek (seven consecutive days), including spraying and harvest activities. The impact of the expression of urinary measurements [excretion rate values adjusted or not for creatinine or cumulative amounts over given time periods (8, 12, and 24 h)] was evaluated. Absorbed doses and main routes-of-entry were then estimated from the 24-h cumulative urinary amounts through the use of a kinetic model. The time courses showed that exposure levels were higher during spraying than harvest activities. Model simulations also suggest a limited absorption in the studied workers and an exposure mostly through the dermal route. It further pointed out the advantage of expressing biomarker values in terms of body weight-adjusted amounts in repeated 24-h urine collections as compared to concentrations or excretion rates in spot samples, without the necessity for creatinine corrections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Berthet
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7
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Heredia-Ortiz R, Berthet A, Bouchard M. Toxicokinetic modeling of folpet fungicide and its ring-biomarkers of exposure in humans. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 33:607-17. [PMID: 22180346 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A human in vivo toxicokinetic model was built to allow a better understanding of the toxicokinetics of folpet fungicide and its key ring biomarkers of exposure: phthalimide (PI), phthalamic acid (PAA) and phthalic acid (PA). Both PI and the sum of ring metabolites, expressed as PA equivalents (PAeq), may be used as biomarkers of exposure. The conceptual representation of the model was based on the analysis of the time course of these biomarkers in volunteers orally and dermally exposed to folpet. In the model, compartments were also used to represent the body burden of folpet and experimentally relevant PI, PAA and PA ring metabolites in blood and in key tissues as well as in excreta, hence urinary and feces. The time evolution of these biomarkers in each compartment of the model was then mathematically described by a system of coupled differential equations. The mathematical parameters of the model were then determined from best fits to the time courses of PI and PAeq in blood and urine of five volunteers administered orally 1 mg kg(-1) and dermally 10 mg kg(-1) of folpet. In the case of oral administration, the mean elimination half-life of PI from blood (through feces, urine or metabolism) was found to be 39.9 h as compared with 28.0 h for PAeq. In the case of a dermal application, mean elimination half-life of PI and PAeq was estimated to be 34.3 and 29.3 h, respectively. The average final fractions of administered dose recovered in urine as PI over the 0-96 h period were 0.030 and 0.002%, for oral and dermal exposure, respectively. Corresponding values for PAeq were 24.5 and 1.83%, respectively. Finally, the average clearance rate of PI from blood calculated from the oral and dermal data was 0.09 ± 0.03 and 0.13 ± 0.05 ml h(-1) while the volume of distribution was 4.30 ± 1.12 and 6.05 ± 2.22 l, respectively. It was not possible to obtain the corresponding values from PAeq data owing to the lack of blood time course data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Heredia-Ortiz
- Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Chaire d'analyse et de gestion des risques toxicologiques and Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Berthet A, Bouchard M, Danuser B. Toxicokinetics of captan and folpet biomarkers in orally exposed volunteers. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 32:194-201. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michèle Bouchard
- Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Chaire d'analyse et de gestion des risques toxicologiques and Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Faculté de Médecine; Université de Montréal; C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville; Montréal; Québec; Canada; H3C 3J7
| | - Brigitta Danuser
- Institute for Work and Health; Rue du Bugnon 21; 1011; Lausanne; Switzerland
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Berthet A, Bouchard M, Vernez D. Toxicokinetics of captan and folpet biomarkers in dermally exposed volunteers. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 32:202-9. [PMID: 21381058 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To better assess biomonitoring data in workers exposed to captan and folpet, the kinetics of ring metabolites [tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI), phthalimide (PI) and phthalic acid] were determined in urine and plasma of dermally exposed volunteers. A 10 mg kg(-1) dose of each fungicide was applied on 80 cm(2) of the forearm and left without occlusion or washing for 24 h. Blood samples were withdrawn at fixed time periods over the 72 h following application and complete urine voids were collected over 96 h post-dosing, for metabolite analysis. In the hours following treatment, a progressive increase in plasma levels of THPI and PI was observed, with peak levels being reached at 24 h for THPI and 10 h for PI. The ensuing elimination phase appeared monophasic with a mean elimination half-life (t(½) ) of 24.7 and 29.7 h for THPI and PI, respectively. In urine, time courses PI and phthalic acid excretion rate rapidly evolved in parallel, and a mean elimination t(½) of 28.8 and 29.6 h, respectively, was calculated from these curves. THPI was eliminated slightly faster, with a mean t(½) of 18.7 h. Over the 96 h period post-application, metabolites were almost completely excreted, and on average 0.02% of captan dose was recovered in urine as THPI while 1.8% of the folpet dose was excreted as phthalic acid and 0.002% as PI, suggesting a low dermal absorption fraction for both fungicides. This study showed the potential use of THPI, PI and phthalic acid as key biomarkers of exposure to captan and folpet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Berthet
- Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Chaire d'analyse et de gestion des risques toxicologiques and Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'Université de Montréal (IRSPUM), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7
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31
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Berthet A, Berode M, Bouchard M. Gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry determination of phthalic acid in human urine as a biomarker of folpet exposure. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:493-502. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Berthet A, Bouchard M, Schüpfer P, Vernez D, Danuser B, Huynh CK. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS/MS) methods for the quantification of captan and folpet phthalimide metabolites in human plasma and urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 399:2243-55. [PMID: 21229238 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4601-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Captan and folpet are fungicides largely used in agriculture. They have similar chemical structures, except that folpet has an aromatic ring unlike captan. Their half-lives in blood are very short, given that they are readily broken down to tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI) and phthalimide (PI), respectively. Few authors measured these biomarkers in plasma or urine, and analysis was conducted either by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography with UV detection. The objective of this study was thus to develop simple, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS/MS) methods to quantify both THPI and PI in human plasma and urine. Briefly, deuterated THPI was added as an internal standard and purification was performed by solid-phase extraction followed by LC/APCI-MS/MS analysis in negative ion mode for both compounds. Validation of the methods was conducted using spiked blank plasma and urine samples at concentrations ranging from 1 to 250 μg/L and 1 to 50 μg/L, respectively, along with samples of volunteers and workers exposed to captan or folpet. The methods showed a good linearity (R (2) > 0.99), recovery (on average 90% for THPI and 75% for PI), intra- and inter-day precision (RSD, <15%) and accuracy (<20%), and stability. The limit of detection was 0.58 μg/L in urine and 1.47 μg/L in plasma for THPI and 1.14 and 2.17 μg/L, respectively, for PI. The described methods proved to be accurate and suitable to determine the toxicokinetics of both metabolites in human plasma and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Berthet
- Institute for Work and Health, Bugnon 21, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Berthet A, de Batz A, Tardif R, Charest-Tardif G, Truchon G, Vernez D, Droz PO. Impact of biological and environmental variabilities on biological monitoring--an approach using toxicokinetic models. J Occup Environ Hyg 2010; 7:177-184. [PMID: 20063230 DOI: 10.1080/15459620903530052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biological monitoring of occupational exposure is characterized by important variability, due both to variability in the environment and to biological differences between workers. A quantitative description and understanding of this variability is important for a dependable application of biological monitoring. This work describes this variability, using a toxicokinetic model, for a large range of chemicals for which reference biological reference values exist. A toxicokinetic compartmental model describing both the parent compound and its metabolites was used. For each chemical, compartments were given physiological meaning. Models were elaborated based on physiological, physicochemical, and biochemical data when available, and on half-lives and central compartment concentrations when not available. Fourteen chemicals were studied (arsenic, cadmium, carbon monoxide, chromium, cobalt, ethylbenzene, ethyleneglycol monomethylether, fluorides, lead, mercury, methyl isobutyl ketone, penthachlorophenol, phenol, and toluene), representing 20 biological indicators. Occupational exposures were simulated using Monte Carlo techniques with realistic distributions of both individual physiological parameters and exposure conditions. Resulting biological indicator levels were then analyzed to identify the contribution of environmental and biological variability to total variability. Comparison of predicted biological indicator levels with biological exposure limits showed a high correlation with the model for 19 out of 20 indicators. Variability associated with changes in exposure levels (GSD of 1.5 and 2.0) is shown to be mainly influenced by the kinetics of the biological indicator. Thus, with regard to variability, we can conclude that, for the 14 chemicals modeled, biological monitoring would be preferable to air monitoring. For short half-lives (less than 7 hr), this is very similar to the environmental variability. However, for longer half-lives, estimated variability decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Berthet
- Institute for Work and Health, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Thomann AL, Rozenbaum JP, Brault P, Andreazza C, Andreazza P, Rousseau B, Estrade-Szwarckopf H, Berthet A, Bertolini JC, Aires FJCS, Monnet F, Mirodatos C, Charles C, Boswell R. Plasma synthesis of catalytic thin films. PURE APPL CHEM 2002. [DOI: 10.1351/pac200274030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plasma sputter deposition is introduced in the field of catalyst preparation. It is shown that growth kinetics and morphologies are determined by ion to neutral flux ratio and kinetic energies of sputtered atoms. Catalytic activity of such catalysts compares very well with classical catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.-L. Thomann
- 1GREMI UMR 6606 CNRS, Université d'Orléans BP 6744 ORLEANS Cedex 2, France
| | - J. P. Rozenbaum
- 1GREMI UMR 6606 CNRS, Université d'Orléans BP 6744 ORLEANS Cedex 2, France
| | - P. Brault
- 1GREMI UMR 6606 CNRS, Université d'Orléans BP 6744 ORLEANS Cedex 2, France
| | - C. Andreazza
- 2CRMD, UMR 6619 CNRS, 45067 ORLEANS Cedex 2, France
| | - P. Andreazza
- 2CRMD, UMR 6619 CNRS, 45067 ORLEANS Cedex 2, France
| | - B. Rousseau
- 2CRMD, UMR 6619 CNRS, 45067 ORLEANS Cedex 2, France
| | | | - A. Berthet
- 3IRC UPR 5401 CNRS, Av. A. Einstein; F-69626 VILLEURBANNE Cedex, France
| | - J. C. Bertolini
- 3IRC UPR 5401 CNRS, Av. A. Einstein; F-69626 VILLEURBANNE Cedex, France
| | | | - F. Monnet
- 3IRC UPR 5401 CNRS, Av. A. Einstein; F-69626 VILLEURBANNE Cedex, France
| | - C. Mirodatos
- 3IRC UPR 5401 CNRS, Av. A. Einstein; F-69626 VILLEURBANNE Cedex, France
| | - Christine Charles
- 4Space Plasma and Plasma Processing, Plasma Research Laboratory, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - R. Boswell
- 4Space Plasma and Plasma Processing, Plasma Research Laboratory, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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Berthet A, Thomann A, Cadete Santos Aires F, Brun M, Deranlot C, Bertolini J, Rozenbaum J, Brault P, Andreazza P. Comparison of Pd/(Bulk SiC) Catalysts Prepared by Atomic Beam Deposition and Plasma Sputtering Deposition: Characterization and Catalytic Properties. J Catal 2000. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.1999.2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lianos L, Berthet A, Deranlot C, Aires FS, Massardier J, Bertolini J. Catalytic Properties of Pd Deposited on SiC(0001) Single Crystal Surfaces. J Catal 1998. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.1998.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jacquelin LF, Le Magrex E, Brisset L, Carquin J, Berthet A, Choisy C. [Synergism of the combination of enzymes or surfactants and a phenolic disinfectant on a bacterial biofilm]. Pathol Biol (Paris) 1994; 42:425-31. [PMID: 7824307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Disrupting bacterial biofilms is necessary for a wide application domains such as reusable medical devices, or systems of pipes for water or fluids in cosmetics, food and chemicals industry. Bacterial cells embedded in a biofilm are less susceptible to disinfectants than suspended cells. This property is referable to the structure of the biofilm itself. The gangue of exopolymers and the thickness of a 5-day-old biofilm of Escherichia coli (more than 200 layers of bacteria), contribute to this decrease of susceptibility. The present work deals with the release of an Escherichia coli biofilm by the sequential action of enzymes and a phenolic disinfectant on the one hand, and by the sequential or simultaneous action of surfactants and the previous disinfectant on the other hand. The decrease of bacteria count per mm2 and the Scanning Electron Microscope observations exhibited a synergic action in every case. Nevertheless, Escherichia coli biofilms quickly reconstructed even after exposition to the previous treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Jacquelin
- UFR de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Reims, France
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Jacquelin LF, Berthet A. [From the mixed dentition to the permanent dentition: how to manage space while guiding eruption?]. Rev Odontostomatol (Paris) 1991; 20:321-9. [PMID: 1843555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the mixed dentition, when there is a discrepancy between the bony structures and the teeth, in certain cases, serial extractions are performed in order to guide the eruption of permanent teeth and obtain a correct occlusal function. The treatment consists in the extraction of primary teeth and then of first bicuspids. The choice of the first tooth to be extracted is based upon the position of the crowns of the permanent teeth and their degree of root maturation. Then the first bicuspid is extracted as soon as or prior to its eruption. This interceptive treatment has limited indications which need to be respected in order to preserve the child's future dental health. This treatment is indicated for Class I malocclusions with severe crowding or moderate crowding associated with bi-maxillary protrusion.
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Jacquelin LF, Berthet A. [Interligamentary anesthesia in pediatric dentistry]. Inf Dent 1990; 72:3449-56. [PMID: 2272689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Jacquelin LF, Berthet A, Joseph N. [The deciduous tooth: therapeutic choices]. Rev Odontostomatol (Paris) 1989; 18:415-21. [PMID: 2639478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Deciduous tooth diagnostic and treatment plan put a specific problem down. Therapeutical choice depends, not only of the child general health, but also of the deciduous tooth physiological period, its pathology, and the young child cooperation. Complexity of deciduous tooth biological cycle gives necessary, for the pedodontist, accuracy and a good clinical sense.
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Berthet A, Verchère M. [Root changes in deciduous teeth during resorption, therapeutic consequences]. Rev Odontostomatol (Paris) 1986; 15:463-8. [PMID: 3468581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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42
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Berthet A, Gringuillard P, Verchère M. [Radiographic examination in pedodontics: a complex problem]. Rev Odontostomatol (Paris) 1984; 13:321-6. [PMID: 6597503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Zielke K, Berthet A. [VDS--ventral derotation spondylodesis--preliminary report on 58 cases]. Beitr Orthop Traumatol 1978; 25:85-103. [PMID: 646769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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44
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Rignault D, Tardat M, Berthet A, Pailler JL. [Direct communication between Wirsung's duct and the pleura during enzymatic pleurisy. Demonstration by wirsungography]. Nouv Presse Med 1976; 5:2536-8. [PMID: 980765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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