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Fiedler N, Ohman-Strickland P, Shen JD, Black K, Horton DB, Panettieri R, Blaser MJ, Carson J, Bendinskas K, Cheng H, Barrett ES. Age and Hair Cortisol Levels as Predictors of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:1166. [PMID: 39338049 PMCID: PMC11430878 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21091166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Chronic psychosocial stress is known to adversely impact immune function. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, occupational stress among workers in healthcare was at an unprecedented level due to risks of infection and work demands. We performed a nested case-control study to investigate the associations between chronic stress and the risks of contracting SARS-CoV-2. We collected 3 cm of hair from employees at an academic medical center who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (N = 49) and controls who tested negative (N = 49), matched for age, race, and sex. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 was based on polymerase chain reaction or antibody tests. As a proxy for chronic stress, we segmented hair into 1 cm sections each representing one month and measured cortisol levels using a cortisol enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For cases, we used cortisol concentrations measured in hair segments from the month prior to a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, and for controls, we used time-matched hair segments. We fitted conditional logistic regression models adjusted for sex, age, race, body mass index, and healthcare worker status, and stratified models by older vs. younger age (cutoff = 41 years). African Americans had higher hair cortisol levels relative to participants of other races and ethnicities. In adjusted models, higher hair cortisol concentrations were associated with an increased odds of infection with SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 1.84; CI: 1.10-3.07) among older, but not younger, participants. The results suggest that psychosocial stress may be a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection; stress management may be an important part of a comprehensive approach to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Fiedler
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (P.O.-S.); (K.B.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Pamela Ohman-Strickland
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (P.O.-S.); (K.B.); (E.S.B.)
| | | | - Kathleen Black
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (P.O.-S.); (K.B.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Daniel B. Horton
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Institute for Health, Healthcare Policy, and Aging Research, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 112 Paterson St., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Reynold Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, 679 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Jeffrey Carson
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Kestutis Bendinskas
- Chemistry Department, State University of New York at Oswego, 30 Centennial Drive, Oswego, NY 13126, USA; (K.B.); (H.C.)
| | - Hana Cheng
- Chemistry Department, State University of New York at Oswego, 30 Centennial Drive, Oswego, NY 13126, USA; (K.B.); (H.C.)
| | - Emily S. Barrett
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (P.O.-S.); (K.B.); (E.S.B.)
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Gautier SC, Coneti V, Horton DB, Greenberg P, Andrews T, Barrett ES, Carson JL, Blaser MJ, Panettieri RA, Rawal S. Long-term recovery of taste and smell following acute COVID-19 infection in a New Jersey cohort. SCIENCE TALKS 2024; 11:100390. [PMID: 39308483 PMCID: PMC11414579 DOI: 10.1016/j.sctalk.2024.100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Loss of taste and smell is one of the most troubling symptoms of long COVID and may be permanent for some. Correlation between subjectively and objectively assessed olfactory and gustatory impairment is low, leading to uncertainty about how many people are affected, how many recover, and to what extent. We prospectively investigated the effects of COVID-19 on long-term chemosensory function in a university and hospital-based cohort in NJ. We followed 856 participants from March 2020 through April 2022, of which 58 were diagnosed with COVID-19 and completed the NHANES 2013-2014 taste and smell protocol, including a chemosensory questionnaire, whole-mouth taste tests, and an 8-item odor identification test at and/or before acute COVID-19 infection. Of these, 29 repeated taste and smell assessments at 6 months (183.0 ± 54.6) follow-up. Total overall smell score significantly improved from baseline to 6-month follow up (6.9 ± 1.4 vs 7.6 ± 0.8; p = .01). Taste intensity also improved across 6 months, but not significantly. Our study is the first to show psychophysically-assessed and self-reported long-term recovery of olfactory and gustatory function in the same population after acute COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C.Z. Gautier
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Coneti
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel B. Horton
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Patricia Greenberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Tracy Andrews
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Emily S. Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Carson
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Reynold A. Panettieri
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Shristi Rawal
- Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Newark, NJ, USA
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Collins E, Philippe E, Gravel CA, Hawken S, Langlois MA, Little J. Serological markers and long COVID-A rapid systematic review. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14149. [PMID: 38083997 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long COVID is highly heterogeneous, often debilitating, and may last for years after infection. The aetiology of long COVID remains uncertain. Examination of potential serological markers of long COVID, accounting for clinical covariates, may yield emergent pathophysiological insights. METHODS In adherence to PRISMA guidelines, we carried out a rapid review of the literature. We searched Medline and Embase for primary observational studies that compared IgG response in individuals who experienced COVID-19 symptoms persisting ≥12 weeks post-infection with those who did not. We examined relationships between serological markers and long COVID status and investigated sources of inter-study variability, such as severity of acute illness, long COVID symptoms assessed and target antigen(s). RESULTS Of 8018 unique records, we identified 29 as being eligible for inclusion in synthesis. Definitions of long COVID varied. In studies that reported anti-nucleocapsid (N) IgG (n = 10 studies; n = 989 participants in aggregate), full or partial anti-Spike IgG (i.e. the whole trimer, S1 or S2 subgroups, or receptor binding domain, n = 19 studies; n = 2606 participants), or neutralizing response (n = 7 studies; n = 1123 participants), we did not find strong evidence to support any difference in serological markers between groups with and without persisting symptoms. However, most studies did not account for severity or level of care required during acute illness, and other potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Pooling of studies would enable more robust exploration of clinical and serological predictors among diverse populations. However, substantial inter-study variations hamper comparability. Standardized reporting practices would improve the quality, consistency and comprehension of study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Collins
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Philippe
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher A Gravel
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steven Hawken
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Coronavirus Variants Rapid Response Network (CoVaRR-Net), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julian Little
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Coronavirus Variants Rapid Response Network (CoVaRR-Net), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- The Knowledge Synthesis and Application Unit (KSAU), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Xu M, O’Brien MP, Hooper AT, Forleo-Neto E, Isa F, Hou P, Chan KC, Cohen MS, Marovich MA, Hamilton JD, Hirshberg B, Herman GA, Musser BJ. Nasopharyngeal Viral Load Is the Major Driver of Incident Antibody Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad598. [PMID: 38111750 PMCID: PMC10727195 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Virologic determinants of seroconversion to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were defined in a post hoc analysis of prospectively studied vaccine- and infection-naïve individuals at high risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods This phase 3 COVID-19 prevention trial (NCT04452318) with casirivimab and imdevimab was conducted in July 2020-February 2021, before widespread vaccine availability. Placebo-treated participants who were uninfected (SARS-CoV-2 quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-qPCR] negative) and seronegative were assessed weekly for 28 days (efficacy assessment period [EAP]) for COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-qPCR of nasopharyngeal swab samples and for serostatus by antinucleocapsid immunoglobulin (Ig) G. Regression-based modeling, including causal mediation analysis, estimated the effects of viral load on seroconversion. Results Of 157/1069 (14.7%) uninfected and seronegative (for antispike IgG, antispike IgA, and antinucleocapsid IgG) participants who became infected during the EAP, 105 (65%) seroconverted. The mean (SD) maximum viral load of seroconverters was 7.23 (1.68) log10 copies/mL vs 4.8 (2.2) log10 copies/mL in those who remained seronegative; viral loads of ∼6.0 log10 copies/mL better predicted seroconversion. The mean of the maximum viral load was 7.11 log10 copies/mL in symptomatic participants vs 5.58 log10 copies/mL in asymptomatic participants. The mean duration of detectable viral load was longer in seroconverted vs seronegative participants: 3.24 vs 1.63 weeks. Conclusions Maximum SARS-CoV-2 viral load is a major driver of seroconversion and symptomatic COVID-19, with high viral loads (∼6.0 log10 copies/mL) better predicting seroconversion. Serology underestimates infection rates, incidence, and prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NewYork, USA
| | | | | | | | - Flonza Isa
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NewYork, USA
| | - Peijie Hou
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NewYork, USA
| | - Kuo-Chen Chan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NewYork, USA
| | - Myron S Cohen
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mary A Marovich
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Boaz Hirshberg
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NewYork, USA
| | - Gary A Herman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NewYork, USA
| | - Bret J Musser
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NewYork, USA
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Seller A, Hackenbruch C, Walz JS, Nelde A, Heitmann JS. Long-Term Follow-Up of COVID-19 Convalescents-Immune Response Associated with Reinfection Rate and Symptoms. Viruses 2023; 15:2100. [PMID: 37896879 PMCID: PMC10611319 DOI: 10.3390/v15102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has spread worldwide, causing millions of deaths and leaving a significant proportion of people with long-term sequelae of COVID-19 ("post-COVID syndrome"). Whereas the precise mechanism of post-COVID syndrome is still unknown, the immune response after the first infection may play a role. Here, we performed a long-term follow-up analysis of 110 COVID-19 convalescents, analyzing the first SARS-CoV-2-directed immune response, vaccination status, long-term symptoms (approximately 2.5 years after first infection), and reinfections. A total of 96% of convalescents were vaccinated at least once against SARS-CoV-2 after their first infection. A reinfection rate of 47% was observed, and lower levels of anti-spike IgG antibodies after the first infection were shown to associate with reinfection. While T-cell responses could not be clearly associated with persistent postinfectious symptoms, convalescents with long-term symptoms showed elevated SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels at the first infection. Evaluating the immune response after the first infection might be a useful tool for identifying individuals with increased risk for re-infections and long-term symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Seller
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-Based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Hackenbruch
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-Based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Juliane S. Walz
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-Based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 11, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Annika Nelde
- Department of Peptide-Based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 11, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jonas S. Heitmann
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-Based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 11, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Limoges MA, Quenum AJI, Chowdhury MMH, Rexhepi F, Namvarpour M, Akbari SA, Rioux-Perreault C, Nandi M, Lucier JF, Lemaire-Paquette S, Premkumar L, Durocher Y, Cantin A, Lévesque S, Dionne IJ, Menendez A, Ilangumaran S, Allard-Chamard H, Piché A, Ramanathan S. SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen-specific B cell and antibody responses in pre-vaccination period COVID-19 convalescent males and females with or without post-covid condition. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1223936. [PMID: 37809081 PMCID: PMC10551145 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Following SARS-CoV-2 infection a significant proportion of convalescent individuals develop the post-COVID condition (PCC) that is characterized by wide spectrum of symptoms encompassing various organs. Even though the underlying pathophysiology of PCC is not known, detection of viral transcripts and antigens in tissues other than lungs raise the possibility that PCC may be a consequence of aberrant immune response to the viral antigens. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated B cell and antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 antigens in PCC patients who experienced mild COVID-19 disease during the pre-vaccination period of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The study subjects included unvaccinated male and female subjects who developed PCC or not (No-PCC) after clearing RT-PCR confirmed mild COVID-19 infection. SARS-CoV-2 D614G and omicron RBD specific B cell subsets in peripheral circulation were assessed by flow cytometry. IgG, IgG3 and IgA antibody titers toward RBD, spike and nucleocapsid antigens in the plasma were evaluated by ELISA. Results The frequency of the B cells specific to D614G-RBD were comparable in convalescent groups with and without PCC in both males and females. Notably, in females with PCC, the anti-D614G RBD specific double negative (IgD-CD27-) B cells showed significant correlation with the number of symptoms at acute of infection. Anti-spike antibody responses were also higher at 3 months post-infection in females who developed PCC, but not in the male PCC group. On the other hand, the male PCC group also showed consistently high anti-RBD IgG responses compared to all other groups. Conclusions The antibody responses to the spike protein, but not the anti-RBD B cell responses diverge between convalescent males and females who develop PCC. Our findings also suggest that sex-related factors may also be involved in the development of PCC via modulating antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Limoges
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Fjolla Rexhepi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mozhdeh Namvarpour
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sara Ali Akbari
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Rioux-Perreault
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Madhuparna Nandi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Lucier
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Samuel Lemaire-Paquette
- Unité de Recherche Clinique et épidémiologique, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Lakshmanane Premkumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yves Durocher
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - André Cantin
- Departments of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Lévesque
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, CIUSSS de l’Estrie – CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle J. Dionne
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated with CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alfredo Menendez
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Hugues Allard-Chamard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Alain Piché
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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7
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Armstrong AJS, Horton DB, Andrews T, Greenberg P, Roy J, Gennaro ML, Carson JL, Panettieri RA, Barrett ES, Blaser MJ. Saliva microbiome in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection in a prospective cohort of healthy US adults. EBioMedicine 2023; 94:104731. [PMID: 37487417 PMCID: PMC10382861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection vary in severity, potentially influenced by the resident human microbiota. There is limited consensus on conserved microbiome changes in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, with many studies focusing on severely ill individuals. This study aimed to assess the variation in the upper respiratory tract microbiome using saliva specimens in a cohort of individuals with primarily mild to moderate disease. METHODS In early 2020, a cohort of 831 adults without known SARS-CoV-2 infection was followed over a six-month period to assess the occurrence and natural history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. From this cohort, 81 participants with a SARS-CoV-2 infection, along with 57 unexposed counterparts were selected with a total of 748 serial saliva samples were collected for analysis. Total bacterial abundance, composition, population structure, and gene function of the salivary microbiome were measured using 16S rRNA gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. FINDINGS The salivary microbiome remained stable in unexposed individuals over the six-month study period, as evidenced by all measured metrics. Similarly, participants with mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection showed microbiome stability throughout and after their infection. However, there were significant reductions in microbiome diversity among SARS-CoV-2-positive participants with severe symptoms early after infection. Over time, the microbiome diversity in these participants showed signs of recovery. INTERPRETATION These findings demonstrate the resilience of the salivary microbiome in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mild to moderate infections did not significantly disrupt the stability of the salivary microbiome, suggesting its ability to maintain its composition and function. However, severe SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with temporary reductions in microbiome diversity, indicating the limits of microbiome resilience in the face of severe infection. FUNDING This project was supported in part by Danone North America and grants from the National Institutes of Health, United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail J S Armstrong
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Daniel B Horton
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Rutgers Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Science, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tracy Andrews
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Patricia Greenberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jason Roy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Department of Medicine, Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Carson
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Martin J Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
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8
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Hackenbruch C, Maringer Y, Tegeler CM, Walz JS, Nelde A, Heitmann JS. Elevated SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Levels in Patients with Post-COVID Syndrome. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030701. [PMID: 36992410 PMCID: PMC10051370 DOI: 10.3390/v15030701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
With the routine use of effective severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines, the number of life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) courses have largely been reduced. However, multiple COVID-19 convalescents, even after asymptomatic to moderate disease, suffer from post-COVID syndrome, with relevant limitations in daily life. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of post-COVID syndrome are still elusive, with dysregulation of the immune system suggested as a central mechanism. Here, we assessed COVID-19 post-infectious symptoms (5-6 months after PCR-confirmed acute infection) together with the humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in non-hospitalized COVID-19 convalescents, early (5-6 weeks) and late (5-6 months) after their first positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR result. Convalescents reporting several post-infectious symptoms (>3) showed higher anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibody levels 5-6 weeks after PCR-confirmed infection with the latter remained increased 5-6 months after positive PCR. Likewise, a higher post-infectious symptom score was associated with increased antibody levels. Of note, convalescents displaying neuro-psychiatric symptoms such as restlessness, palpitations, irritability, and headache, as well as general symptoms such as fatigue/reduced power had higher SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels compared with asymptomatic cases. The increased humoral immune response in convalescents with post-COVID syndrome might be useful for the detection of individuals with an increased risk for post-COVID syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hackenbruch
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yacine Maringer
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department for Peptide-Based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian M Tegeler
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Juliane S Walz
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department for Peptide-Based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Nelde
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department for Peptide-Based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas S Heitmann
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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9
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Mongraw-Chaffin M, Tjaden AH, Seals AL, Miller K, Ahmed N, Espeland MA, Gibbs M, Thomas D, Uschner D, Weintraub WS, Edelstein SL. Association of Obesity and Diabetes with SARS-Cov-2 Infection and Symptoms in the COVID-19 Community Research Partnership. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 108:dgac715. [PMID: 36482096 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and diabetes are established risk factors for severe SARS-CoV-2 outcomes, but less is known about their impact on susceptibility to COVID-19 infection and general symptom severity. We hypothesized that those with obesity or diabetes would be more likely to self-report a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, and among those with a positive test, have greater symptom severity and duration. METHODS Among 44,430 COVID-19 Community Research Partnership participants, we evaluated the association of self-reported and electronic health record obesity and diabetes with a self-reported positive COVID-19 test at any time. Among the 2,663 participants with a self-reported positive COVID-19 test during the study, we evaluated the association of obesity and diabetes with self-report of symptom severity, duration, and hospitalization. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and healthcare worker status. RESULTS We found a positive graded association between Body Mass Index (BMI) category and positive COVID-19 test (Overweight OR = 1.14 [1.05-1.25]; Obesity I OR = 1.29 [1.17-2.42]; Obesity II OR = 1.34 [1.19-1.50]; Obesity III OR = 1.53 [1.35-1.73]), and a similar but weaker association with COVID-19 symptoms and severity among those with a positive test. Diabetes was associated with COVID-19 infection but not symptoms after adjustment, with some evidence of an interaction between obesity and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS While the limitations of this health system convenience sample include generalizability and selection around test-seeking, the strong graded association of BMI and diabetes with self-reported COVID-19 infection suggests that obesity and diabetes may play a role in risk for symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 beyond co-occurrence with socioeconomic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kristen Miller
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Georgetown University Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | | | | | - Dorey Thomas
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Diane Uschner
- The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland
| | - William S Weintraub
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Georgetown University Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sharon L Edelstein
- The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, Maryland
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10
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Barrett ES, Andrews TR, Roy J, Greenberg P, Ferrante JM, Horton DB, Gordon M, Rivera-Núñez Z, Pellerano MB, Tallia AF, Budolfson M, Georgopoulos P, Reed D, Lynn B, Rosati R, Castañeda M, Dixon F, Pernell C, Hill D, Jimenez ME, Blaser MJ, Panettieri R, Hudson SV. Community- Versus Health Care Organization-Based Approaches to Expanding At-Home COVID-19 Testing in Black and Latino Communities, New Jersey, 2021. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:S918-S922. [PMID: 36265092 PMCID: PMC9707722 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.306989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
At-home COVID-19 testing offers convenience and safety advantages. We evaluated at-home testing in Black and Latino communities through an intervention comparing community-based organization (CBO) and health care organization (HCO) outreach. From May through December 2021, 1100 participants were recruited, 94% through CBOs. The odds of COVID-19 test requests and completions were significantly higher in the HCO arm. The results showed disparities in test requests and completions related to age, race, language, insurance, comorbidities, and pandemic-related challenges. Despite the popularity of at-home testing, barriers exist in underresourced communities. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S9):S918-S922. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306989).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Barrett
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Tracy R Andrews
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Jason Roy
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Patricia Greenberg
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Jeanne M Ferrante
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Daniel B Horton
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Marsha Gordon
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Zorimar Rivera-Núñez
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Maria B Pellerano
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Alfred F Tallia
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Mark Budolfson
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Panos Georgopoulos
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Dorothy Reed
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Beverly Lynn
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Robert Rosati
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Manuel Castañeda
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Francis Dixon
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Chris Pernell
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Diane Hill
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Manuel E Jimenez
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Martin J Blaser
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Reynold Panettieri
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Shawna V Hudson
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
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Dobaño C, Ramírez-Morros A, Alonso S, Rubio R, Ruiz-Olalla G, Vidal-Alaball J, Macià D, Catalina QM, Vidal M, Casanovas AF, Prados de la Torre E, Barrios D, Jiménez A, Zanoncello J, Melero NR, Carolis C, Izquierdo L, Aguilar R, Moncunill G, Ruiz-Comellas A. Sustained seropositivity up to 20.5 months after COVID-19. BMC Med 2022; 20:379. [PMID: 36224590 PMCID: PMC9556137 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the persistence of IgM, IgA, and IgG to SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens up to 616 days since the onset of symptoms in a longitudinal cohort of 247 primary health care workers from Barcelona, Spain, followed up since the start of the pandemic. The study also assesses factors affecting antibody levels, including comorbidities and the responses to variants of concern as well as the frequency of reinfections. Despite a gradual and significant decline in antibody levels with time, seropositivity to five SARS-CoV-2 antigens combined was always higher than 90% over the whole study period. In a subset of 23 participants who had not yet been vaccinated by November 2021, seropositivity remained at 95.65% (47.83% IgM, 95.65% IgA, 95.65% IgG). IgG seropositivity against Alpha and Delta predominant variants was comparable to that against the Wuhan variant, while it was lower for Gamma and Beta (minority) variants and for IgA and IgM. Antibody levels at the time point closest to infection were associated with age, smoking, obesity, hospitalization, fever, anosmia/hypogeusia, chest pain, and hypertension in multivariable regression models. Up to 1 year later, just before the massive roll out of vaccination, antibody levels were associated with age, occupation, hospitalization, duration of symptoms, anosmia/hypogeusia, fever, and headache. In addition, tachycardia and cutaneous symptoms associated with slower antibody decay, and oxygen supply with faster antibody decay. Eight reinfections (3.23%) were detected in low responders, which is consistent with a sustained protective role for anti-spike naturally acquired antibodies. Stable persistence of IgG and IgA responses and cross-recognition of the predominant variants circulating in the 2020-2021 period indicate long-lasting and largely variant-transcending humoral immunity in the initial 20.5 months of the pandemic, in the absence of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Ramírez-Morros
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Olalla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal-Alaball
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Grup de Promoció de la Salut en l'Àmbit Rural (ProSaARu), Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Dídac Macià
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Queralt Miró Catalina
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aina Fuster Casanovas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
| | - Esther Prados de la Torre
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jasmina Zanoncello
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Carrer Roselló 153 (CEK building), E-08036, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz-Comellas
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Grup de Promoció de la Salut en l'Àmbit Rural (ProSaARu), Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Centre d'Atenció Primària (CAP) Sant Joan de Vilatorrada. Gerència Territorial de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain
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12
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Seekircher L, Siller A, Astl M, Tschiderer L, Wachter GA, Pfeifer B, Huber A, Gaber M, Schennach H, Willeit P. Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies in Tyrol, Austria: Updated Analysis Involving 22,607 Blood Donors Covering the Period October 2021 to April 2022. Viruses 2022; 14:1877. [PMID: 36146684 PMCID: PMC9502884 DOI: 10.3390/v14091877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Because a large proportion of the Austrian population has been infected with SARS-CoV-2 during high incidence periods in winter 2021/2022, up-to-date estimates of seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are required to inform upcoming public health policies. We quantified anti-Spike IgG antibody levels in 22,607 individuals that donated blood between October 2021 and April 2022 across Tyrol, Austria (participation rate: 96.0%). Median age of participants was 45.3 years (IQR: 30.9−55.1); 41.9% were female. From October 2021 to April 2022, seropositivity increased from 84.9% (95% CI: 83.8−86.0%) to 95.8% (94.9−96.4%), and the geometric mean anti-Spike IgG levels among seropositive participants increased from 283 (95% CI: 271−296) to 1437 (1360−1518) BAU/mL. The percentages of participants in categories with undetectable levels and detectable levels at <500, 500−<1000, 1000−<2000, 2000−<3000, and ≥3000 BAU/mL were 15%, 54%, 15%, 10%, 3%, and 3% in October 2021 vs. 4%, 18%, 17%, 18%, 11%, and 32% in April 2022. Of 2711 participants that had repeat measurements taken a median 4.2 months apart, 61.8% moved to a higher, 13.9% to a lower, and 24.4% remained in the same category. Among seropositive participants, antibody levels were 16.8-fold in vaccinated individuals compared to unvaccinated individuals (95% CI: 14.2−19.9; p-value < 0.001). In conclusion, anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in terms of seropositivity and average antibody levels has increased markedly during the winter 2021/2022 SARS-CoV-2 waves in Tyrol, Austria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Seekircher
- Clinical Epidemiology Team, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anita Siller
- Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunology, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Astl
- Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunology, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lena Tschiderer
- Clinical Epidemiology Team, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gregor A. Wachter
- Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunology, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Pfeifer
- Tyrolean Federal Institute for Integrated Care, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Division for Healthcare Network and Telehealth, UMIT-Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology GmbH, 6060 Hall, Austria
| | - Andreas Huber
- Tyrolean Federal Institute for Integrated Care, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Gaber
- Blood Donor Service Tyrol of the Austrian Red Cross, 6063 Rum, Austria
| | - Harald Schennach
- Central Institute for Blood Transfusion and Immunology, Tirol Kliniken GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Willeit
- Clinical Epidemiology Team, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
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Moody R, Sonda S, Johnston FH, Smith KJ, Stephens N, McPherson M, Flanagan KL, Plebanski M. Antibodies against Spike protein correlate with broad autoantigen recognition 8 months post SARS-CoV-2 exposure, and anti-calprotectin autoantibodies associated with better clinical outcomes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945021. [PMID: 36032086 PMCID: PMC9403331 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies to multiple targets are found during acute COVID-19. Whether all, or some, persist after 6 months, and their correlation with sustained anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity, is still controversial. Herein, we measured antibodies to multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens (Wuhan-Hu-1 nucleoprotein (NP), whole spike (S), spike subunits (S1, S2 and receptor binding domain (RBD)) and Omicron spike) and 102 human proteins with known autoimmune associations, in plasma from healthcare workers 8 months post-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 (n=31 with confirmed COVID-19 disease and n=21 uninfected controls (PCR and anti-SARS-CoV-2 negative) at baseline). IgG antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens were significantly higher in the convalescent cohort than the healthy cohort, highlighting lasting antibody responses up to 8 months post-infection. These were also shown to be cross-reactive to the Omicron variant spike protein at a similar level to lasting anti-RBD antibodies (correlation r=0.89). Individuals post COVID-19 infection recognised a common set of autoantigens, specific to this group in comparison to the healthy controls. Moreover, the long-term level of anti-Spike IgG was associated with the breadth of autoreactivity post-COVID-19. There were further moderate positive correlations between anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses and 11 specific autoantigens. The most commonly recognised autoantigens were found in the COVID-19 convalescent cohort. Although there was no overall correlation in self-reported symptom severity and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels, anti-calprotectin antibodies were associated with return to healthy normal life 8 months post infection. Calprotectin was also the most common target for autoantibodies, recognized by 22.6% of the overall convalescent cohort. Future studies may address whether, counter-intuitively, such autoantibodies may play a protective role in the pathology of long-COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiane Moody
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sabrina Sonda
- Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Clifford Craig Foundation, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Fay H. Johnston
- Public Health Services, Department of Health, Tasmania, TAS, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kylie J. Smith
- Public Health Services, Department of Health, Tasmania, TAS, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Nicola Stephens
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Michelle McPherson
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Katie L. Flanagan
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Clifford Craig Foundation, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Magdalena Plebanski,
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14
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Tan BKJ, Han R, Zhao JJ, Tan NKW, Quah ESH, Tan CJW, Chan YH, Teo NWY, Charn TC, See A, Xu S, Chapurin N, Chandra RK, Chowdhury N, Butowt R, von Bartheld CS, Kumar BN, Hopkins C, Toh ST. Prognosis and persistence of smell and taste dysfunction in patients with covid-19: meta-analysis with parametric cure modelling of recovery curves. BMJ 2022; 378:e069503. [PMID: 35896188 PMCID: PMC9326326 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-069503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify in patients with covid-19 the recovery rate of smell and taste, proportion with persistent dysfunction of smell and taste, and prognostic factors associated with recovery of smell and taste. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and medRxiv from inception to 3 October 2021. REVIEW METHODS Two blinded reviewers selected observational studies of adults (≥18 years) with covid-19 related dysfunction of smell or taste. Descriptive prognosis studies with time-to-event curves and prognostic association studies of any prognostic factor were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two reviewers extracted data, evaluated study bias using QUIPS, and appraised evidence quality using GRADE, following PRISMA and MOOSE reporting guidelines. Using iterative numerical algorithms, time-to-event individual patient data (IPD) were reconstructed and pooled to retrieve distribution-free summary survival curves, with recovery rates reported at 30 day intervals for participants who remained alive. To estimate the proportion with persistent smell and taste dysfunction, cure fractions from Weibull non-mixture cure models of plateaued survival curves were logit transformed and pooled in a two stage meta-analysis. Conventional aggregate data meta-analysis was performed to explore unadjusted associations of prognostic factors with recovery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes were the proportions of patients remaining with smell or taste dysfunction. Secondary outcomes were the odds ratios of prognostic variables associated with recovery of smell and taste. RESULTS 18 studies (3699 patients) from 4180 records were included in reconstructed IPD meta-analyses. Risk of bias was low to moderate; conclusions remained unaltered after exclusion of four high risk studies. Evidence quality was moderate to high. Based on parametric cure modelling, persistent self-reported smell and taste dysfunction could develop in an estimated 5.6% (95% confidence interval 2.7% to 11.0%, I2=70%, τ2=0.756, 95% prediction interval 0.7% to 33.5%) and 4.4% (1.2% to 14.6%, I2=67%, τ2=0.684, 95% prediction interval 0.0% to 49.0%) of patients, respectively. Sensitivity analyses suggest these could be underestimates. At 30, 60, 90, and 180 days, respectively, 74.1% (95% confidence interval 64.0% to 81.3%), 85.8% (77.6% to 90.9%), 90.0% (83.3% to 94.0%), and 95.7% (89.5% to 98.3%) of patients recovered their sense of smell (I2=0.0-77.2%, τ2=0.006-0.050) and 78.8% (70.5% to 84.7%), 87.7% (82.0% to 91.6%), 90.3% (83.5% to 94.3%), and 98.0% (92.2% to 95.5%) recovered their sense of taste (range of I2=0.0-72.1%, τ2=0.000-0.015). Women were less likely to recover their sense of smell (odds ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.37 to 0.72, seven studies, I2=20%, τ2=0.0224) and taste (0.31, 0.13 to 0.72, seven studies, I2=78%, τ2=0.5121) than men, and patients with greater initial severity of dysfunction (0.48, 0.31 to 0.73, five studies, I2=10%, τ2<0.001) or nasal congestion (0.42, 0.18 to 0.97, three studies, I2=0%, τ2<0.001) were less likely to recover their sense of smell. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of patients with covid-19 might develop long lasting change in their sense of smell or taste. This could contribute to the growing burden of long covid. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021283922.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruobing Han
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joseph J Zhao
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Kye Wen Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emrick Sen Hui Quah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claire Jing-Wen Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neville Wei Yang Teo
- Surgery Academic Clinical Program, SingHealth, Singapore
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tze Choong Charn
- Surgery Academic Clinical Program, SingHealth, Singapore
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Anna See
- Surgery Academic Clinical Program, SingHealth, Singapore
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Shuhui Xu
- Surgery Academic Clinical Program, SingHealth, Singapore
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Nikita Chapurin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rakesh K Chandra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Naweed Chowdhury
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rafal Butowt
- Department of Molecular Cell Genetics, L Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - B Nirmal Kumar
- Wigan and Leigh Teaching NHS Foundation Trust, Wrightington, UK
- Edge Hill University Medical School, Orsmkirk, UK
| | - Claire Hopkins
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK
- King's College, London, UK
| | - Song Tar Toh
- Surgery Academic Clinical Program, SingHealth, Singapore
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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15
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Tegeler CM, Bilich T, Maringer Y, Salih HR, Walz JS, Nelde A, Heitmann JS. Prevalence of COVID-19-associated symptoms during acute infection in relation to SARS-CoV-2-directed humoral and cellular immune responses in a mild-diseased convalescent cohort. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 120:187-195. [PMID: 35429640 PMCID: PMC9007751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Besides SARS-CoV-2-directed humoral immune responses, T cell responses are indispensable for effective antiviral immunity. Recent data have shown a correlation between COVID-19 symptoms and humoral immune response, but so far, little is known about the association of SARS-CoV-2-directed T cell responses and disease severity. Herein, we evaluated the prevalence of different clinical COVID-19 symptoms in relation to SARS-CoV-2-directed humoral and cellular immune responses. Methods The severity of eight different symptoms during acute infection were assessed using questionnaires from 193 convalescent individuals and were evaluated in relation to SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and intensity of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses 2–8 weeks after positive polymerase chain reaction. Results Although increased IgG serum levels could be associated with severity of most symptoms, no difference in T cell response intensity between different symptom severities was observed for the majority of COVID-19 symptoms. However, when analyzing loss of smell or taste and cough, awareness of more severe symptoms was associated with reduced T cell response intensities. Conclusions These data suggest that rapid virus clearance mediated by SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells prevents severe symptoms of COVID-19.
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Peluso MJ, Donatelli J, Henrich TJ. Long-term immunologic effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection: leveraging translational research methodology to address emerging questions. Transl Res 2022; 241:1-12. [PMID: 34780969 PMCID: PMC8588584 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The current era of COVID-19 is characterized by emerging variants of concern, waning vaccine- and natural infection-induced immunity, debate over the timing and necessity of vaccine boosting, and the emergence of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a result, there is an ongoing need for research to promote understanding of the immunology of both natural infection and prevention, especially as SARS-CoV-2 immunology is a rapidly changing field, with new questions arising as the pandemic continues to grow in complexity. The next phase of COVID-19 immunology research will need focus on clearer characterization of the immune processes defining acute illness, development of a better understanding of the immunologic processes driving protracted symptoms and prolonged recovery (ie, post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection), and a growing focus on the impact of therapeutic and prophylactic interventions on the long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we address what is known about the long-term immune consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and propose how experience studying the translational immunology of other infections might inform the approach to some of the key questions that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Peluso
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Joanna Donatelli
- Division Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Timothy J Henrich
- Division Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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Talaei M, Faustini S, Holt H, Jolliffe DA, Vivaldi G, Greenig M, Perdek N, Maltby S, Bigogno CM, Symons J, Davies GA, Lyons RA, Griffiths CJ, Kee F, Sheikh A, Richter AG, Shaheen SO, Martineau AR. Determinants of pre-vaccination antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: a population-based longitudinal study (COVIDENCE UK). BMC Med 2022; 20:87. [PMID: 35189888 PMCID: PMC8860623 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective population-based studies investigating multiple determinants of pre-vaccination antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 are lacking. METHODS We did a prospective population-based study in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-naive UK adults recruited between May 1 and November 2, 2020, without a positive swab test result for SARS-CoV-2 prior to enrolment. Information on 88 potential sociodemographic, behavioural, nutritional, clinical and pharmacological risk factors was obtained through online questionnaires, and combined IgG/IgA/IgM responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein were determined in dried blood spots obtained between November 6, 2020, and April 18, 2021. We used logistic and linear regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and adjusted geometric mean ratios (aGMRs) for potential determinants of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity (all participants) and antibody titres (seropositive participants only), respectively. RESULTS Of 11,130 participants, 1696 (15.2%) were seropositive. Factors independently associated with higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity included frontline health/care occupation (aOR 1.86, 95% CI 1.48-2.33), international travel (1.20, 1.07-1.35), number of visits to shops and other indoor public places (≥ 5 vs. 0/week: 1.29, 1.06-1.57, P-trend = 0.01), body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 vs. < 25 kg/m2 (1.24, 1.11-1.39), South Asian vs. White ethnicity (1.65, 1.10-2.49) and alcohol consumption ≥15 vs. 0 units/week (1.23, 1.04-1.46). Light physical exercise associated with lower risk (0.80, 0.70-0.93, for ≥ 10 vs. 0-4 h/week). Among seropositive participants, higher titres of anti-Spike antibodies associated with factors including BMI ≥ 30 vs. < 25 kg/m2 (aGMR 1.10, 1.02-1.19), South Asian vs. White ethnicity (1.22, 1.04-1.44), frontline health/care occupation (1.24, 95% CI 1.11-1.39), international travel (1.11, 1.05-1.16) and number of visits to shops and other indoor public places (≥ 5 vs. 0/week: 1.12, 1.02-1.23, P-trend = 0.01); these associations were not substantially attenuated by adjustment for COVID-19 disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Higher alcohol consumption and lower light physical exercise represent new modifiable risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recognised associations between South Asian ethnic origin and obesity and higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity were independent of other sociodemographic, behavioural, nutritional, clinical, and pharmacological factors investigated. Among seropositive participants, higher titres of anti-Spike antibodies in people of South Asian ancestry and in obese people were not explained by greater COVID-19 disease severity in these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Talaei
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sian Faustini
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hayley Holt
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David A Jolliffe
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Giulia Vivaldi
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Greenig
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Natalia Perdek
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sheena Maltby
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Carola M Bigogno
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Gwyneth A Davies
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Ronan A Lyons
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Christopher J Griffiths
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health Research (NI), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alex G Richter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Seif O Shaheen
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Adrian R Martineau
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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18
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Domènech-Montoliu S, Puig-Barberà J, Pac-Sa MR, Vidal-Utrillas P, Latorre-Poveda M, Del Rio-González A, Ferrando-Rubert S, Ferrer-Abad G, Sánchez-Urbano M, Aparisi-Esteve L, Badenes-Marques G, Cervera-Ferrer B, Clerig-Arnau U, Dols-Bernad C, Fontal-Carcel M, Gomez-Lanas L, Jovani-Sales D, León-Domingo MC, Llopico-Vilanova MD, Moros-Blasco M, Notari-Rodríguez C, Ruíz-Puig R, Valls-López S, Arnedo-Pena A. Complications Post-COVID-19 and Risk Factors among Patients after Six Months of a SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2022; 3:49-67. [PMID: 36417267 PMCID: PMC9620887 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia3010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In October 2020, we conducted a population-based prospective cohort study to determine post-COVID-19 complications, recovery, return to usual health, and associated risk factors in 536 cases of COVID-19 outbreak in Borriana (Spain) by administering an epidemiological questionnaire via phone interviews. A total of 484 patients participated (90.3%), age mean 37.2 ± 17.1 years, and 301 females (62.2%). Mild illness was the most common COVID-19 manifestation. After six months, 160 patients (33.1%) suffered at least one complication post-COVID-19, and 47 (29.4%) of them sought medical assistance. The most frequent persistent symptoms were hair loss, fatigue, loss of smell or taste, and headache. Risk factors associated with a complication were female sex (adjusted relative risk, [aRR] = 1.93 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41-2.65), age 35 years and above (aRR = 1.50 95% CI 1.14-1.99), B blood group (aRR = 1.51 95% CI 1.04-2.16), current smoker (RR = 1.61 95% CI 1.02-2.54), and at least a COVID-19 exposure (aRR = 2.13 95% CI 1.11-4.09). Male sex, age younger than 35 years, and low COVID-19 exposures were associated with better recovery and return to usual health. A third of patients presented persistent symptoms compatible with the long-COVID-19 syndrome. In conclusion, an active medical follow-up of post-COVID-19 patients must be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Domènech-Montoliu
- Emergency Service Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Villarreal, Castellon, Spain; (S.D.-M.); (M.L.-P.); (M.S.-U.); (G.B.-M.); (B.C.-F.); (U.C.-A.); (L.G.-L.); (D.J.-S.); (M.D.L.-V.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.); (S.V.-L.)
| | | | | | - Paula Vidal-Utrillas
- Health Centers I and II, 12530 Borriana, Castellon, Spain; (P.V.-U.); (A.D.R.-G.); (S.F.-R.); (G.F.-A.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Marta Latorre-Poveda
- Emergency Service Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Villarreal, Castellon, Spain; (S.D.-M.); (M.L.-P.); (M.S.-U.); (G.B.-M.); (B.C.-F.); (U.C.-A.); (L.G.-L.); (D.J.-S.); (M.D.L.-V.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.); (S.V.-L.)
| | - Alba Del Rio-González
- Health Centers I and II, 12530 Borriana, Castellon, Spain; (P.V.-U.); (A.D.R.-G.); (S.F.-R.); (G.F.-A.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Sara Ferrando-Rubert
- Health Centers I and II, 12530 Borriana, Castellon, Spain; (P.V.-U.); (A.D.R.-G.); (S.F.-R.); (G.F.-A.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Gema Ferrer-Abad
- Health Centers I and II, 12530 Borriana, Castellon, Spain; (P.V.-U.); (A.D.R.-G.); (S.F.-R.); (G.F.-A.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Urbano
- Emergency Service Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Villarreal, Castellon, Spain; (S.D.-M.); (M.L.-P.); (M.S.-U.); (G.B.-M.); (B.C.-F.); (U.C.-A.); (L.G.-L.); (D.J.-S.); (M.D.L.-V.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.); (S.V.-L.)
| | | | - Gema Badenes-Marques
- Emergency Service Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Villarreal, Castellon, Spain; (S.D.-M.); (M.L.-P.); (M.S.-U.); (G.B.-M.); (B.C.-F.); (U.C.-A.); (L.G.-L.); (D.J.-S.); (M.D.L.-V.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.); (S.V.-L.)
| | - Belen Cervera-Ferrer
- Emergency Service Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Villarreal, Castellon, Spain; (S.D.-M.); (M.L.-P.); (M.S.-U.); (G.B.-M.); (B.C.-F.); (U.C.-A.); (L.G.-L.); (D.J.-S.); (M.D.L.-V.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.); (S.V.-L.)
| | - Ursula Clerig-Arnau
- Emergency Service Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Villarreal, Castellon, Spain; (S.D.-M.); (M.L.-P.); (M.S.-U.); (G.B.-M.); (B.C.-F.); (U.C.-A.); (L.G.-L.); (D.J.-S.); (M.D.L.-V.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.); (S.V.-L.)
| | | | | | - Lorna Gomez-Lanas
- Emergency Service Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Villarreal, Castellon, Spain; (S.D.-M.); (M.L.-P.); (M.S.-U.); (G.B.-M.); (B.C.-F.); (U.C.-A.); (L.G.-L.); (D.J.-S.); (M.D.L.-V.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.); (S.V.-L.)
| | - David Jovani-Sales
- Emergency Service Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Villarreal, Castellon, Spain; (S.D.-M.); (M.L.-P.); (M.S.-U.); (G.B.-M.); (B.C.-F.); (U.C.-A.); (L.G.-L.); (D.J.-S.); (M.D.L.-V.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.); (S.V.-L.)
| | | | - Maria Dolores Llopico-Vilanova
- Emergency Service Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Villarreal, Castellon, Spain; (S.D.-M.); (M.L.-P.); (M.S.-U.); (G.B.-M.); (B.C.-F.); (U.C.-A.); (L.G.-L.); (D.J.-S.); (M.D.L.-V.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.); (S.V.-L.)
| | - Mercedes Moros-Blasco
- Health Centers I and II, 12530 Borriana, Castellon, Spain; (P.V.-U.); (A.D.R.-G.); (S.F.-R.); (G.F.-A.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Cristina Notari-Rodríguez
- Emergency Service Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Villarreal, Castellon, Spain; (S.D.-M.); (M.L.-P.); (M.S.-U.); (G.B.-M.); (B.C.-F.); (U.C.-A.); (L.G.-L.); (D.J.-S.); (M.D.L.-V.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.); (S.V.-L.)
| | - Raquel Ruíz-Puig
- Emergency Service Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Villarreal, Castellon, Spain; (S.D.-M.); (M.L.-P.); (M.S.-U.); (G.B.-M.); (B.C.-F.); (U.C.-A.); (L.G.-L.); (D.J.-S.); (M.D.L.-V.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.); (S.V.-L.)
| | - Sonia Valls-López
- Emergency Service Hospital de la Plana, 12540 Villarreal, Castellon, Spain; (S.D.-M.); (M.L.-P.); (M.S.-U.); (G.B.-M.); (B.C.-F.); (U.C.-A.); (L.G.-L.); (D.J.-S.); (M.D.L.-V.); (C.N.-R.); (R.R.-P.); (S.V.-L.)
| | - Alberto Arnedo-Pena
- Public Health Center, 12003 Castelló de la Plana, Castellon, Spain;
- Department of Health Science, Public University Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Persistence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies for 13 Months after Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112313. [PMID: 34835119 PMCID: PMC8622371 DOI: 10.3390/v13112313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamics of antibody responses were investigated after a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a private company during the first wave of the pandemic. METHODS Workers of a sewing company (Lithuania) with known SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result during the outbreak (April 2020) were invited to participate in the study. Virus-specific IgG and IgM were monitored 2, 6 and 13 months after the outbreak via rapid IgG/IgM serological test and SARS-CoV-2 S protein-specific IgG ELISA. RESULTS Six months after the outbreak, 95% (CI 86-99%) of 59 previously infected individuals had virus-specific antibodies irrespective of the severity of infection. One-third of seropositive individuals had virus-specific IgM along with IgG indicating that IgM may persist for 6 months. Serological testing 13 months after the outbreak included 47 recovered individuals that remained non-vaccinated despite a wide accessibility of COVID-19 vaccines. The seropositivity rate was 83% (CI 69-91%) excluding one case of confirmed asymptomatic reinfection in this group. Between months 6 and 13, IgG levels either declined or remained stable in 31 individual and increased in 7 individuals possibly indicating an exposure to SARS-CoV-2 during the second wave of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Detectable levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies persist up to 13 months after infection for the majority of the cases.
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20
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Quiroga B, Soler MJ, Ortiz A, Vaquera SM, Mantecón CJJ, Useche G, Márquez MGS, Carnerero M, Rodríguez MTJ, Ramos PM, Millán JCRS, Toapanta N, Gracia-Iguacel C, Cervera MCA, Lara NB, Leyva A, Rojas J, Gansevoort RT, de Sequera P. Safety and immediate humoral response of COVID-19 vaccines in chronic kidney disease patients: the SENCOVAC study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 37:1868-1878. [PMID: 34788858 PMCID: PMC8767866 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are at high-risk for severe Covid-19. The multicentric, observational and prospective SENCOVAC study aims to describe the humoral response and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in CKD patients. Safety and immediate humoral response results are reported here. Methods Four cohorts of patients were included: kidney transplant (KT) recipients, haemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) and non-dialysis CKD patients from 50 Spanish centres. Adverse events after vaccine doses were recorded. At baseline and on day 28 after the last vaccine dose, anti-Spike antibodies were measured and compared between cohorts. Factors associated with development of anti-Spike antibodies were analyzed. Results 1746 participants were recruited: 1116 HD, 171 PD, 176 non-dialysis CKD patients and 283 KT recipients. Most patients (98%) received mRNA vaccines. At least one vaccine reaction developed after the first dose in 763 (53.5%) and after the second dose in 741 (54.5%) of patients. Anti-Spike antibodies were measured in the first 301 patients. At 28 days, 95% of patients had developed antibodies: 79% of KT, 98% of HD, 99% of PD and 100% of non-dialysis CKD patients (p<0.001). In a multivariate adjusted analysis, absence of an antibody response was independently associated to KT (OR 20.56, p = 0.001) and to BNT162b2 vaccine (OR 6.03, p = 0.023). Conclusion The rate of anti-Spike antibody development after vaccination in KT patients was low but in other CKD patients it approached 100%; suggesting that KT patients require persistent isolation measures and booster doses of a Covid-19 vaccine. Potential differences between Covid-19 vaccines should be explored in prospective controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Quiroga
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Soler
- Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, REDinREN, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nestor Toapanta
- Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Gracia-Iguacel
- IIS-Fundación Jimenez Diaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN, REDinREN, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Noelia Balibrea Lara
- Nephrology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alba Leyva
- R&D Department, VIRCELL SL, Granada, Spain
| | - José Rojas
- R&D Department, VIRCELL SL, Granada, Spain
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Dept. Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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