1
|
Elsheikh R, Makram AM, Selim H, Nguyen D, Le TTT, Tran VP, Elaziz Khader SA, Huy NT. Reemergence of Marburgvirus disease: Update on current control and prevention measures and review of the literature. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2461. [PMID: 37208958 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In 1967, the very first case of the Marburgvirus disease (MVD) was detected in Germany and Serbia sequentially. Since then, MVD has been considered one of the most serious and deadly infectious diseases in the world with a case-fatality rate between 23% and 90% and a substantial number of recorded deaths. Marburgvirus belongs to the family of Filoviridae (filoviruses), which causes severe viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF). Some major risk factors for human infections are close contact with African fruit bats, MVD-infected non-human primates, and MVD-infected individuals. Currently, there is no vaccine or specific treatment for MVD, which emphasizes the seriousness of this disease. In July 2022, the World Health Organization reported outbreaks of MVD in Ghana after two suspected VHF cases were detected. This was followed in February and March 2023 with the emergence of the virus in two countries new to the virus: Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania, respectively. In this review, we aim to highlight the characteristics, etiology, epidemiology, and clinical symptoms of MVD, along with the current prevention measures and the possible treatments to control this virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randa Elsheikh
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Abdelrahman M Makram
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hager Selim
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the People, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Thi Thu Thao Le
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Van-Phu Tran
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City, Vietnam
| | - Sarah Abd Elaziz Khader
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Malik S, Kishore S, Nag S, Dhasmana A, Preetam S, Mitra O, León-Figueroa DA, Mohanty A, Chattu VK, Assefi M, Padhi BK, Sah R. Ebola Virus Disease Vaccines: Development, Current Perspectives & Challenges. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020268. [PMID: 36851146 PMCID: PMC9963029 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The global outgoing outbreaks of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in different regions of Sudan, Uganda, and Western Africa have brought into focus the inadequacies and restrictions of pre-designed vaccines for use in the battle against EVD, which has affirmed the urgent need for the development of a systematic protocol to produce Ebola vaccines prior to an outbreak. There are several vaccines available being developed by preclinical trials and human-based clinical trials. The group of vaccines includes virus-like particle-based vaccines, DNA-based vaccines, whole virus recombinant vaccines, incompetent replication originated vaccines, and competent replication vaccines. The limitations and challenges faced in the development of Ebola vaccines are the selection of immunogenic, rapid-responsive, cross-protective immunity-based vaccinations with assurances of prolonged protection. Another issue for the manufacturing and distribution of vaccines involves post authorization, licensing, and surveillance to ensure a vaccine's efficacy towards combating the Ebola outbreak. The current review focuses on the development process, the current perspective on the development of an Ebola vaccine, and future challenges for combatting future emerging Ebola infectious disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi 834001, Jharkhand, India
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (R.S.); Tel.: +977-980-309-8857 (R.S.)
| | - Shristi Kishore
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi 834001, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tiruvalam Road, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Archna Dhasmana
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248140, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Subham Preetam
- Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Gammalkilsvägen 18, 59053 Ulrika, Sweden
| | - Oishi Mitra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tiruvalam Road, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Aroop Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur 273008, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha 442107, Maharashtra, India
| | - Marjan Assefi
- Joint School of NanoScience and Nano Engineering, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA
| | - Bijaya K. Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, Punjab, India
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
- Dr. D.Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y.Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (R.S.); Tel.: +977-980-309-8857 (R.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao S, Han X, Lang Y, Xie Y, Yang Z, Zhao Q, Wen Y, Xia J, Wu R, Huang X, Huang Y, Cao S, Lan J, Luo L, Yan Q. Development and efficacy evaluation of remodeled canine parvovirus-like particles displaying major antigenic epitopes of a giant panda derived canine distemper virus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1117135. [PMID: 36922967 PMCID: PMC10008873 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1117135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) and Canine distemper virus (CDV) can cause fatal diseases in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). The main capsid protein of CPV VP2 can be self-assembled to form virus-like particles (VLPs) in vitro, which is of great significance for potential vaccine development. In the present study, we remodeled the VP2 protein of a giant panda-derived CPV, where the major CDV F and N epitopes were incorporated in the N-terminal and loop2 region in two combinations to form chimeric VLPs. The reactivity ability and morphology of the recombinant proteins were confirmed by Western blot, hemagglutination (HA) test and electron microscopy. Subsequently, the immunogenicity of the VLPs was examined in vivo. Antigen-specific antibodies and neutralizing activity were measured by ELISA, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and serum neutralization test (SNT), respectively. In addition, antigen specific T cell activation were determined in splenic lymphocytes. The results indicated that the VLPs displayed good reaction with CDV/CPV antibodies, and the heterologous epitopes do not hamper solubility or activity. The VLPs showed decent HA activity, and resembled round-shaped particles with a diameter of 22-26 nm, which is identical to natural virions. VLPs could induce high levels of specific antibodies to CPV and CDV, shown by the indication of neutralizing antibodies in both VP2N and VP2L VLPs group. In addition, splenic lymphocytes of mice immunized with VLPs could proliferate rapidly after stimulation by specific antigen. Taken together, the CPV VP2 VLPs or chimeric VLPs are highly immunogenic, and henceforth could function as CPV/CDV vaccine candidates for giant pandas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Lang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingchao Lan
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Luo
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Minakshi P, Ghosh M, Kumar R, Brar B, Lambe UP, Banerjee S, Ranjan K, Kumar B, Goel P, Malik YS, Prasad G. An Insight into Nanomedicinal Approaches to Combat Viral Zoonoses. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:915-962. [PMID: 32209041 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200325114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging viral zoonotic diseases are one of the major obstacles to secure the "One Health" concept under the current scenario. Current prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches often associated with certain limitations and thus proved to be insufficient for customizing rapid and efficient combating strategy against the highly transmissible pathogenic infectious agents leading to the disastrous socio-economic outcome. Moreover, most of the viral zoonoses originate from the wildlife and poor knowledge about the global virome database renders it difficult to predict future outbreaks. Thus, alternative management strategy in terms of improved prophylactic vaccines and their delivery systems; rapid and efficient diagnostics and effective targeted therapeutics are the need of the hour. METHODS Structured literature search has been performed with specific keywords in bibliographic databases for the accumulation of information regarding current nanomedicine interventions along with standard books for basic virology inputs. RESULTS Multi-arrayed applications of nanomedicine have proved to be an effective alternative in all the aspects regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and control of zoonotic viral diseases. The current review is focused to outline the applications of nanomaterials as anti-viral vaccines or vaccine/drug delivery systems, diagnostics and directly acting therapeutic agents in combating the important zoonotic viral diseases in the recent scenario along with their potential benefits, challenges and prospects to design successful control strategies. CONCLUSION This review provides significant introspection towards the multi-arrayed applications of nanomedicine to combat several important zoonotic viral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Minakshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Mayukh Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur (UP) - 231001, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Basanti Brar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Upendra P Lambe
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Somesh Banerjee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology Section, LUVAS, Hisar-125004, India
| | - Koushlesh Ranjan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, 250110, India
| | | | - Parveen Goel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Yashpal S Malik
- Division of Standardisation, Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar - Bareilly (UP) - 243122, India
| | - Gaya Prasad
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, UP, 250110, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tran PTH, Asghar N, Höglund U, Larsson O, Haag L, Mirazimi A, Johansson M, Melik W. Development of a Multivalent Kunjin Virus Reporter Virus-Like Particle System Inducing Seroconversion for Ebola and West Nile Virus Proteins in Mice. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1890. [PMID: 33260425 PMCID: PMC7760487 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Kunjin virus (KUNV) is an attenuated strain of the severe neurotropic West Nile virus (WNV). The virus has a single-strand positive-sense RNA genome that encodes a polyprotein. Following gene expression, the polyprotein is cleaved into structural proteins for viral packaging and nonstructural proteins for viral replication and expression. Removal of the structural genes generate subgenomic replicons that maintain replication capacity. Co-expression of these replicons with the viral structural genes produces reporter virus-like particles (RVPs) which infect cells in a single round. In this study, we aimed to develop a system to generate multivalent RVPs based on KUNV to elicit an immune response against different viruses. We selected the Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) and the matrix protein (VP40) genes, as candidates to be delivered by KUNV RVPs. Initially, we enhanced the production of KUNV RVPs by generating a stable cell line expressing the KUNV packaging system comprising capsid, precursor membrane, and envelope. Transfection of the DNA-based KUNV replicon into this cell line resulted in an enhanced RVP production. The replicon was expressed in the stable cell line to produce the RVPs that allowed the delivery of EBOV GP and VP40 genes into other cells. Finally, we immunized BALB/cN mice with RVPs, resulting in seroconversion for EBOV GP, EBOV VP40, WNV nonstructural protein 1, and WNV E protein. Thus, our study shows that KUNV RVPs may function as a WNV vaccine candidate and RVPs can be used as a gene delivery system in the development of future EBOV vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pham-Tue-Hung Tran
- School of Medical Science, Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, 703 62 Örebro, Sweden; (P.-T.-H.T.); (N.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Naveed Asghar
- School of Medical Science, Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, 703 62 Örebro, Sweden; (P.-T.-H.T.); (N.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Urban Höglund
- Adlego Biomedical AB, P.O. Box 42, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden; (U.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Olivia Larsson
- Adlego Biomedical AB, P.O. Box 42, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden; (U.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Lars Haag
- EM Unit (EMil), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Solna, Sweden;
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden;
- National Veterinary Institute, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Johansson
- School of Medical Science, Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, 703 62 Örebro, Sweden; (P.-T.-H.T.); (N.A.); (M.J.)
| | - Wessam Melik
- School of Medical Science, Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Örebro University, 703 62 Örebro, Sweden; (P.-T.-H.T.); (N.A.); (M.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kortepeter MG, Dierberg K, Shenoy ES, Cieslak TJ. Marburg virus disease: A summary for clinicians. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 99:233-242. [PMID: 32758690 PMCID: PMC7397931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article summarizes the countermeasures for Marburg virus disease, focusing on pathogenesis, clinical features and diagnostics. There is an emphasis on therapies and vaccines that have demonstrated, through their evaluation in nonhuman primates (NHPs) and/or in humans, potential for use in an emergency situation. METHODS A standardized literature review was conducted on vaccines and treatments for Marburg virus disease, with a focus on human and nonhuman primate data published in the last five years. More detail on the methods that were used is summarized in a companion methods paper. RESULTS The study identified six treatments and four vaccine platforms that have demonstrated, through their efficacy in NHPs, potential benefit for treating or preventing infection in humans. CONCLUSION Succinct summaries of Marburg countermeasures are provided to give the busy clinician a head start in reviewing the literature if faced with a patient with Marburg virus disease. Links to other authoritative sources of information are also provided.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Y, Wen Z, Carrion R, Nunneley J, Staples H, Ticer A, Patterson JL, Compans RW, Ye L, Yang C. Intradermal Immunization of EBOV VLPs in Guinea Pigs Induces Broader Antibody Responses Against GP Than Intramuscular Injection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:304. [PMID: 32174901 PMCID: PMC7056717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebolavirus (EBOV) infection in humans causes severe hemorrhagic fevers with high mortality rates that range from 30 to 80% as shown in different outbreaks. Thus the development of safe and efficacious EBOV vaccines remains an important goal for biomedical research. We have shown in early studies that immunization with insect cell-produced EBOV virus-like particles (VLPs) is able to induce protect vaccinated mice against lethal EBOV challenge. In the present study, we investigated immune responses induced by Ebola VLPs via two different routes, intramuscular and intradermal immunizations, in guinea pigs. Analyses of antibody responses revealed that similar levels of total IgG antibodies against the EBOV glycoprotein (GP) were induced by the two different immunization methods. However, further characterization showed that the EBOV GP-specific antibodies induced by intramuscular immunization were mainly of the IgG2 subtype whereas both IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies against EBOV GP were induced by intradermal immunization. In contrast, antibody responses against the EBOV matrix protein VP40 induced by intramuscular or intradermal immunizations exhibited similar IgG1 and IgG2 profiles. More interestingly, we found that the sites that the IgG1 antibodies induced by intradermal immunizations bind to in GP are different from those that bind to the IgG2 antibodies induced by intramuscular immunization. Further analyses revealed that sera from all vaccinated guinea pigs exhibited neutralizing activity against Ebola GP-mediated HIV pseudovirion infection at high levels. Moreover, all EBOV VLP-vaccinated guinea pigs survived the challenge by a high dose (1000 pfu) of guinea pig-adapted EBOV, while all control guinea pigs immunized with irrelevant VLPs succumbed to the challenge. The induction of both IgG1 and IgG2 antibody responses that recognized broader sites in GP by intradermal immunization of EBOV VLPs indicates that this approach may represent a more advantageous route of vaccination against virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Wen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jerritt Nunneley
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Hilary Staples
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Anysha Ticer
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - Richard W. Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chinglai Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu F, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Mo R, Yan F, Wang H, Wong G, Chi H, Wang T, Feng N, Gao Y, Xia X, Zhao Y, Yang S. A Chimeric Sudan Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Candidate Produced by a Recombinant Baculovirus System Induces Specific Immune Responses in Mice and Horses. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010064. [PMID: 31947873 PMCID: PMC7019897 DOI: 10.3390/v12010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus infections lead to severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans and nonhuman primates; and human fatality rates are as high as 67%–90%. Since the Ebola virus was discovered in 1976, the only available treatments have been medical support or the emergency administration of experimental drugs. The absence of licensed vaccines and drugs against the Ebola virus impedes the prevention of viral infection. In this study, we generated recombinant baculoviruses (rBV) expressing the Sudan virus (SUDV) matrix structural protein (VP40) (rBV-VP40-VP40) or the SUDV glycoprotein (GP) (rBV-GP-GP), and SUDV virus-like particles (VLPs) were produced by co-infection of Sf9 cells with rBV-SUDV-VP40 and rBV-SUDV-GP. The expression of SUDV VP40 and GP in SUDV VLPs was demonstrated by IFA and Western blot analysis. Electron microscopy results demonstrated that SUDV VLPs had a filamentous morphology. The immunogenicity of SUDV VLPs produced in insect cells was evaluated by the immunization of mice. The analysis of antibody responses showed that mice vaccinated with SUDV VLPs and the adjuvant Montanide ISA 201 produced SUDV GP-specific IgG antibodies. Sera from SUDV VLP-immunized mice were able to block infection by SUDV GP pseudotyped HIV, indicating that a neutralizing antibody against the SUDV GP protein was produced. Furthermore, the activation of B cells in the group immunized with VLPs mixed with Montanide ISA 201 was significant one week after the primary immunization. Vaccination with the SUDV VLPs markedly increased the frequency of antigen-specific cells secreting type 1 and type 2 cytokines. To study the therapeutic effects of SUDV antibodies, horses were immunized with SUDV VLPs emulsified in Freund’s complete adjuvant or Freund’s incomplete adjuvant. The results showed that horses could produce SUDV GP-specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies. These results showed that SUDV VLPs demonstrate excellent immunogenicity and represent a promising approach for vaccine development against SUDV infection. Further, these horse anti-SUDV purified immunoglobulins lay a foundation for SUDV therapeutic drug research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruo Mo
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Gary Wong
- Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 20031, China;
- Special Pathogens Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E3R2, Canada
| | - Hang Chi
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Na Feng
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Songtao Yang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China; (F.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.M.); (F.Y.); (H.W.); (H.C.); (T.W.); (N.F.); (Y.G.); (X.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun 130000, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (S.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Suschak JJ, Schmaljohn CS. Vaccines against Ebola virus and Marburg virus: recent advances and promising candidates. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:2359-2377. [PMID: 31589088 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1651140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The filoviruses Ebola virus and Marburg virus are among the most dangerous pathogens in the world. Both viruses cause viral hemorrhagic fever, with case fatality rates of up to 90%. Historically, filovirus outbreaks had been relatively small, with only a few hundred cases reported. However, the recent West African Ebola virus outbreak underscored the threat that filoviruses pose. The three year-long outbreak resulted in 28,646 Ebola virus infections and 11,323 deaths. The lack of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed vaccines and antiviral drugs hindered early efforts to contain the outbreak. In response, the global scientific community has spurred the advanced development of many filovirus vaccine candidates. Novel vaccine platforms, such as viral vectors and DNA vaccines, have emerged, leading to the investigation of candidate vaccines that have demonstrated protective efficacy in small animal and nonhuman primate studies. Here, we will discuss several of these vaccine platforms with a particular focus on approaches that have advanced into clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Suschak
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Connie S Schmaljohn
- Headquarters Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chan M, Holtsberg FW, Vu H, Howell KA, Leung A, Van der Hart E, Walz PH, Aman MJ, Kodihalli S, Kobasa D. Efficacy of Ebola Glycoprotein-Specific Equine Polyclonal Antibody Product Against Lethal Ebola Virus Infection in Guinea Pigs. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:S603-S611. [PMID: 29955852 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Filoviruses including Ebola, Sudan, and other species are emerging zoonotic pathogens representing a significant public health concern with high outbreak potential, and they remain a potential bioterrorism-related threat. We have developed a despeciated equine Ebola polyclonal antibody (E-EIG) postexposure treatment against Ebola virus (EBOV) and evaluated its efficacy in the guinea pig model of EBOV infection. Methods Guinea pigs were infected with guinea pig-adapted EBOV (Mayinga strain) and treated with various dose levels of E-EIG (20-100 mg/kg) twice daily for 6 days starting at 24 h postinfection. The E-EIG was also assessed for neutralization activity against related filoviruses including EBOV strains Mayinga, Kikwit, and Makona and the Bundibugyo and Taï Forest ebolavirus species. Results Treatment with E-EIG conferred 83% to 100% protection in guinea pigs. The results demonstrated a comparable neutralization activity (range, 1:512-1:896) of E-EIG against all tested strains, suggesting the potential for cross-protection with the polyclonal antibody therapeutic. Conclusions This study showed that equine-derived polyclonal antibodies are efficacious against lethal EBOV disease in a relevant animal model. Furthermore, the studies support the utility of the equine antibody platform for the rapid production of a therapeutic product in the event of an outbreak by a filovirus or other zoonotic pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mable Chan
- Special Pathogens, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Hong Vu
- Integrated BioTherapeutics, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Anders Leung
- Special Pathogens, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | | | - Paul H Walz
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Alabama
| | | | - Shantha Kodihalli
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rimoin AW, Lu K, Bramble MS, Steffen I, Doshi RH, Hoff NA, Mukadi P, Nicholson BP, Alfonso VH, Olinger G, Sinai C, Yamamoto LK, Ramirez CM, Okitolonda Wemakoy E, Kebela Illunga B, Pettitt J, Logue J, Bennett RS, Jahrling P, Heymann DL, Piot P, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Hensley LE, Simmons G. Ebola Virus Neutralizing Antibodies Detectable in Survivors of theYambuku, Zaire Outbreak 40 Years after Infection. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:223-231. [PMID: 29253164 PMCID: PMC5853670 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The first reported outbreak of Ebola virus disease occurred in 1976 in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo. Antibody responses in survivors 11 years after infection have been documented. However, this report is the first characterization of anti-Ebola virus antibody persistence and neutralization capacity 40 years after infection. Using ELISAs we measured survivor’s immunological response to Ebola virus Zaire (EBOV) glycoprotein and nucleoprotein, and assessed VP40 reactivity. Neutralization of EBOV was measured using a pseudovirus approach and plaque reduction neutralization test with live EBOV. Some survivors from the original EBOV outbreak still harbor antibodies against all 3 measures. Interestingly, a subset of these survivors’ serum antibodies could still neutralize live virus 40 years postinitial infection. These data provide the longest documentation of both anti-Ebola serological response and neutralization capacity within any survivor cohort, extending the known duration of response from 11 years postinfection to at least 40 years after symptomatic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne W Rimoin
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Kai Lu
- Blood Systems Research Institute, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Matthew S Bramble
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles.,Department of Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Imke Steffen
- Blood Systems Research Institute, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Reena H Doshi
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Nicole A Hoff
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Patrick Mukadi
- Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale, Kinshasa, DRC
| | - Bradly P Nicholson
- Institute for Medical Research, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Carolina
| | - Vivian H Alfonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Gerrard Olinger
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick.,Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Cyrus Sinai
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Lauren K Yamamoto
- Blood Systems Research Institute, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Christina M Ramirez
- Department of Biostatistics, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | | | | | - James Logue
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick
| | | | | | - David L Heymann
- Chatham House Center on Global Health Security, London, UK.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Peter Piot
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Lisa E Hensley
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick.,Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Graham Simmons
- Blood Systems Research Institute, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Warfield KL, Howell KA, Vu H, Geisbert J, Wong G, Shulenin S, Sproule S, Holtsberg FW, Leung DW, Amarasinghe GK, Swenson DL, Bavari S, Kobinger GP, Geisbert TW, Aman MJ. Role of Antibodies in Protection Against Ebola Virus in Nonhuman Primates Immunized With Three Vaccine Platforms. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:S553-S564. [PMID: 29939318 PMCID: PMC6249597 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several vaccine platforms have been successfully evaluated for prevention of Ebola virus (EBOV) disease (EVD) in nonhuman primates and humans. Despite remarkable efficacy by multiple vaccines, the immunological correlates of protection against EVD are incompletely understood. Methods We systematically evaluated the antibody response to various EBOV proteins in 79 nonhuman primates vaccinated with various EBOV vaccine platforms. We evaluated the serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G titers against EBOV glycoprotein (GP), the ability of the vaccine-induced antibodies to bind GP at acidic pH or to displace ZMapp, and virus neutralization titers. The correlation of these outcomes with survival from EVD was evaluated by appropriate statistical methods. Results Irrespective of the vaccine platform, protection from EVD strongly correlated with anti-GP IgG titers. The GP-directed antibody levels required for protection in animals vaccinated with virus-like particles (VLPs) lacking nucleoprotein (NP) was significantly higher than animals immunized with NP-containing VLPs or adenovirus-expressed GP, platforms that induce strong T-cell responses. Furthermore, protective immune responses correlated with anti-GP antibody binding strength at acidic pH, neutralization of GP-expressing pseudovirions, and the ability to displace ZMapp components from GP. Conclusions These findings suggest key quantitative and qualitative attributes of antibody response to EVD vaccines as potential correlates of protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong Vu
- Integrated BioTherapeutics Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Gary Wong
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | | | | | | | - Daisy W Leung
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Dana L Swenson
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Sina Bavari
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | | | - M Javad Aman
- Integrated BioTherapeutics Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Production of Ebola virus-like particles in Drosophila melanogaster Schneider 2 cells. J Virol Methods 2018; 261:156-159. [PMID: 30145180 PMCID: PMC7113664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we generated recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) against family Filoviridae, genus Ebolavirus, species Zaire ebolavirus, strain Makona (EBOV) in Drosophila melanogaster Schneider 2 (S2) cells using the EBOV Makona. S2 cells were cotransfected with four viral plasmids encoding EBOV Makona proteins and protein expression was analyzed by immunoblotting. We confirmed that EBOV Makona proteins were successfully expressed in S2 cells. Additionally, we further examined the formation of intracellular and extracellular VLPs by electron microscopy. eVLPs were produced by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation of S2 cells transfected with EBOV Makona genes, and production of VLPs was confirmed by immunoblot analysis. Collectively, our findings showed that the S2 cell system could be a promising tool for efficient production of eVLPs.
Collapse
|
14
|
Distinct Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Poxvirus-Based Vaccine Candidates against Ebola Virus Expressing GP and VP40 Proteins. J Virol 2018. [PMID: 29514907 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00363-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Zaire and Sudan ebolavirus species cause a severe disease in humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) characterized by a high mortality rate. There are no licensed therapies or vaccines against Ebola virus disease (EVD), and the recent 2013 to 2016 outbreak in West Africa highlighted the need for EVD-specific medical countermeasures. Here, we generated and characterized head-to-head the immunogenicity and efficacy of five vaccine candidates against Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) and Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) based on the highly attenuated poxvirus vector modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing either the virus glycoprotein (GP) or GP together with the virus protein 40 (VP40) forming virus-like particles (VLPs). In a human monocytic cell line, the different MVA vectors (termed MVA-EBOVs and MVA-SUDVs) triggered robust innate immune responses, with production of beta interferon (IFN-β), proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. Additionally, several innate immune cells, such as dendritic cells, neutrophils, and natural killer cells, were differentially recruited in the peritoneal cavity of mice inoculated with MVA-EBOVs. After immunization of mice with a homologous prime/boost protocol (MVA/MVA), total IgG antibodies against GP or VP40 from Zaire and Sudan ebolavirus were differentially induced by these vectors, which were mainly of the IgG1 and IgG3 isotypes. Remarkably, an MVA-EBOV construct coexpressing GP and VP40 protected chimeric mice challenged with EBOV to a greater extent than a vector expressing GP alone. These results support the consideration of MVA-EBOVs and MVA-SUDVs expressing GP and VP40 and producing VLPs as best-in-class potential vaccine candidates against EBOV and SUDV.IMPORTANCE EBOV and SUDV cause a severe hemorrhagic fever affecting humans and NHPs. Since their discovery in 1976, they have caused several sporadic epidemics, with the recent outbreak in West Africa from 2013 to 2016 being the largest and most severe, with more than 11,000 deaths being reported. Although some vaccines are in advanced clinical phases, less expensive, safer, and more effective licensed vaccines are desirable. We generated and characterized head-to-head the immunogenicity and efficacy of five novel vaccines against EBOV and SUDV based on the poxvirus MVA expressing GP or GP and VP40. The expression of GP and VP40 leads to the formation of VLPs. These MVA-EBOV and MVA-SUDV recombinants triggered robust innate and humoral immune responses in mice. Furthermore, MVA-EBOV recombinants expressing GP and VP40 induced high protection against EBOV in a mouse challenge model. Thus, MVA expressing GP and VP40 and producing VLPs is a promising vaccine candidate against EBOV and SUDV.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ren S, Wei Q, Cai L, Yang X, Xing C, Tan F, Leavenworth JW, Liang S, Liu W. Alphavirus Replicon DNA Vectors Expressing Ebola GP and VP40 Antigens Induce Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Mice. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2662. [PMID: 29375526 PMCID: PMC5767729 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans, and no approved therapeutics or vaccine is currently available. Glycoprotein (GP) is the major protective antigen of EBOV, and can generate virus-like particles (VLPs) by co-expression with matrix protein (VP40). In this study, we constructed a recombinant Alphavirus Semliki Forest virus (SFV) replicon vector DREP to express EBOV GP and matrix viral protein (VP40). EBOV VLPs were successfully generated and achieved budding from 293 cells after co-transfection with DREP-based GP and VP40 vectors (DREP-GP+DREP-VP40). Vaccination of BALB/c mice with DREP-GP, DREP-VP40, or DREP-GP+DREP-VP40 vectors, followed by immediate electroporation resulted in a mixed IgG subclass production, which recognized EBOV GP and/or VP40 proteins. This vaccination regimen also led to the generation of both Th1 and Th2 cellular immune responses in mice. Notably, vaccination with DREP-GP and DREP-VP40, which produces both GP and VP40 antigens, induced a significantly higher level of anti-GP IgG2a antibody and increased IFN-γ secreting CD8+ T-cell responses relative to vaccination with DREP-GP or DREP-VP40 vector alone. Our study indicates that co-expression of GP and VP40 antigens based on the SFV replicon vector generates EBOV VLPs in vitro, and vaccination with recombinant DREP vectors containing GP and VP40 antigens induces Ebola antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. This novel approach provides a simple and efficient vaccine platform for Ebola disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoufeng Ren
- Department of Human Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qimei Wei
- Department of Human Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Pathogen and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liya Cai
- Department of Human Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Pathogen and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuejing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Xing
- Department of Human Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng Tan
- Department of Human Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Pathogen and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianmei W Leavenworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Shaohui Liang
- Department of Human Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Pathogen and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenquan Liu
- Department of Human Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Pathogen and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Independent expression of the VP40 or Z matrix proteins of filoviruses (marburgviruses and ebolaviruses) and arenaviruses (Lassa fever and Junín), respectively, gives rise to the production and release of virus-like particles (VLPs) that are morphologically identical to infectious virions. We can detect and quantify VLP production and egress in mammalian cells by transient transfection, SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, and live cell imaging techniques such as total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. Since the VLP budding assay accurately mimics budding of infectious virus, this BSL-2 assay is safe and useful for the interrogation of both viral and host determinants required for budding and can be used as an initial screen to identify and validate small molecule inhibitors of virus release and spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald N Harty
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Progress towards a vaccine against Ebola to meet emergency medical countermeasure needs. Vaccine 2017; 37:7178-7182. [PMID: 29199040 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa proved to be the largest in the history of filovirus outbreaks, causing the World Health Organization to declare a public health emergency of international concern in August of 2014. In collaboration with domestic and international partners, the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) initiated several vaccine development projects in support of the overall response efforts. The urgency associated with the epidemic triggered the clinical evaluation of lead vaccine candidates starting in late 2014. Here we will discuss development of the lead vaccine candidates for Ebola virus, specifically Zaire ebolavirus.
Collapse
|
18
|
Gai W, Zheng X, Wang C, Wang H, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Wong G, Zhang W, Feng N, Qiu B, Chi H, Li N, Wang T, Gao Y, Shan J, Yang S, Xia X. Marburg virus-like particles by co-expression of glycoprotein and matrix protein in insect cells induces immune responses in mice. Virol J 2017; 14:204. [PMID: 29070075 PMCID: PMC5657058 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0869-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Marburg virus (MARV) causes severe haemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates and has a high mortality rate. However, effective drugs or licensed vaccines are not currently available to control the outbreak and spread of this disease. Methods In this study, we generated MARV virus-like particles (VLPs) by co-expressing the glycoprotein (GP) and matrix protein (VP40) using the baculovirus expression system. MARV VLPs and three adjuvants, Poria cocos polysaccharide (PCP-II), poly(I:C) and aluminium hydroxide, were evaluated after intramuscular vaccination in mice. Results Murine studies demonstrated that vaccination with the MARV VLPs induce neutralizing antibodies and cellar immune responses. MARV VLPs and the PCP-II adjuvant group resulted in high titres of MARV-specific antibodies, activated relatively higher numbers of B cells and T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and induced greater cytokine secretion from splenocytes than the other adjuvants. Conclusion MARV VLPs with the PCP-II adjuvant may constitute an effective vaccination and PCP-II should be further investigated as a novel adjuvant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gai
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Gary Wong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weijiao Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Boning Qiu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hang Chi
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Junjie Shan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Department of Virology, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China. .,Department of Virology, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China. .,Department of Virology, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 666 Liuying West Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Holanda RA, Muñoz JE, Dias LS, Silva LBR, Santos JRA, Pagliari S, Vieira ÉLM, Paixão TA, Taborda CP, Santos DA, Bruña-Romero O. Recombinant vaccines of a CD4+ T-cell epitope promote efficient control of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis burden by restraining primary organ infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005927. [PMID: 28938005 PMCID: PMC5627964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an infectious disease endemic to South America, caused by the thermally dimorphic fungi Paracoccidioides. Currently, there is no effective human vaccine that can be used in prophylactic or therapeutic regimes. We tested the hypothesis that the immunogenicity of the immunodominant CD4+ T-cell epitope (P10) of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis gp43 antigen might be significantly enhanced by using a hepatitis B virus-derived particle (VLP) as an antigen carrier. This chimera was administered to mice as a (His)6-purified protein (rPbT) or a replication-deficient human type 5 adenoviral vector (rAdPbT) in an immunoprophylaxis assay. The highly virulent Pb18 yeast strain was used to challenge our vaccine candidates. Fungal challenge evoked robust P10-specific memory CD4+ T cells secreting protective Th-1 cytokines in most groups of immunized mice. Furthermore, the highest level of fungal burden control was achieved when rAdPbT was inoculated in a homologous prime-boost regimen, with 10-fold less CFU recovering than in non-vaccinated mice. Systemic Pb18 spreading was only prevented when rAdPbT was previously inoculated. In summary, we present here VLP/P10 formulations as vaccine candidates against PCM, some of which have demonstrated for the first time their ability to prevent progression of this pernicious fungal disease, which represents a significant social burden in developing countries.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Fungal/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Fungal Proteins/immunology
- Fungal Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Fungal Vaccines/immunology
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Hepatitis B virus/genetics
- Immunization
- Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Immunologic Memory
- Liver/microbiology
- Lung/microbiology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Paracoccidioides/growth & development
- Paracoccidioides/immunology
- Paracoccidioidomycosis/immunology
- Paracoccidioidomycosis/microbiology
- Paracoccidioidomycosis/prevention & control
- Spleen/microbiology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Assunção Holanda
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, Universidade CEUMA, Maranhão, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Julián Esteban Muñoz
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lucas Santos Dias
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Julliana Ribeiro Alves Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Universidade CEUMA, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Sthefany Pagliari
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiane Alves Paixão
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Assis Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Oscar Bruña-Romero
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
St Claire MC, Ragland DR, Bollinger L, Jahrling PB. Animal Models of Ebolavirus Infection. Comp Med 2017; 67:253-262. [PMID: 28662754 PMCID: PMC5482517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus is a highly pathogenic member of the family Filoviridae that causes a severe hemorrhagic disease in humans and NHP. The 2013-2016 West African outbreak has increased interest in the development and refinement of animal models of Ebola virus disease. These models are used to test countermeasures and vaccines, gain scientific insights into the mechanisms of disease progression and transmission, and study key correlates of immunology. Ebola virus is classified as a BSL4 pathogen and Category A agent, for which the United States government requires preparedness in case of bioterrorism. Rodents, such as Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), mice (Mus musculus), and guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), are the most common research species. However, NHP, especially macaques, are favored for Ebola virus disease research due to similarities with humans regarding the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and causes of fatality. To satisfy the regulatory requirements for approval of countermeasures against high-consequence pathogens, the FDA instituted the Animal Rule, which permits efficacy studies in animal models in place of human clinical data when such studies are not feasible or ethical. This review provides a comprehensive summary of various animal models and their use in Ebola virus disease research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa C St Claire
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland;,
| | - Dan R Ragland
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Laura Bollinger
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Peter B Jahrling
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Generating Ebola Virus-Like Particles. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00343-17. [PMID: 28331098 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00343-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently no approved therapeutics or vaccines to treat or protect against the severe hemorrhagic fever and death caused by Ebola virus (EBOV). Ebola virus-like particles (EBOV VLPs) consisting of the matrix protein VP40, the glycoprotein (GP), and the nucleoprotein (NP) are highly immunogenic and protective in nonhuman primates against Ebola virus disease (EVD). We have constructed a modified vaccinia virus Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) recombinant coexpressing VP40 and GP of EBOV Mayinga and the NP of Taï Forest virus (TAFV) (MVA-BN-EBOV-VLP) to launch noninfectious EBOV VLPs as a second vaccine modality in the MVA-BN-EBOV-VLP-vaccinated organism. Human cells infected with either MVA-BN-EBOV-VLP or MVA-BN-EBOV-GP showed comparable GP expression levels and transport of complex N-glycosylated GP to the cell surface. Human cells infected with MVA-BN-EBOV-VLP produced large amounts of EBOV VLPs that were decorated with GP spikes but excluded the poxviral membrane protein B5, thus resembling authentic EBOV particles. The heterologous TAFV NP enhanced EBOV VP40-driven VLP formation with efficiency similar to that of the homologous EBOV NP in a transient-expression assay, and both NPs were incorporated into EBOV VLPs. EBOV GP-specific CD8 T cell responses were comparable between MVA-BN-EBOV-VLP- and MVA-BN-EBOV-GP-immunized mice. The levels of EBOV GP-specific neutralizing and binding antibodies, as well as GP-specific IgG1/IgG2a ratios induced by the two constructs, in mice were also similar, raising the question whether the quality rather than the quantity of the GP-specific antibody response might be altered by an EBOV VLP-generating MVA recombinant.IMPORTANCE The recent outbreak of Ebola virus (EBOV), claiming more than 11,000 lives, has underscored the need to advance the development of safe and effective filovirus vaccines. Virus-like particles (VLPs), as well as recombinant viral vectors, have proved to be promising vaccine candidates. Modified vaccinia virus Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) is a safe and immunogenic vaccine vector with a large capacity to accommodate multiple foreign genes. In this study, we combined the advantages of VLPs and the MVA platform by generating a recombinant MVA-BN-EBOV-VLP that would produce noninfectious EBOV VLPs in the vaccinated individual. Our results show that human cells infected with MVA-BN-EBOV-VLP indeed formed and released EBOV VLPs, thus producing a highly authentic immunogen. MVA-BN-EBOV-VLP efficiently induced EBOV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated mice. These results are the basis for future advancements, e.g., by including antigens from various filoviral species to develop multivalent VLP-producing MVA-based filovirus vaccines.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
For 40 years ebolaviruses have been responsible for sporadic outbreaks of severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. In December 2013 an unprecedented Zaire ebolavirus epidemic began in West Africa. Although "patient zero" has finally been reached after 2 years, the virus is again causing disease in the region. Currently there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutic countermeasures against ebolaviruses; however, the epidemic in West Africa has focused attention on the potential vaccine platforms developed over the past 15 years. There has been remarkable progress using a variety of platforms including DNA, subunit, and several viral vector approaches, replicating and non-replicating, which have shown varying degrees of protective efficacy in the "gold-standard" nonhuman primate models for Ebolavirus infections. A number of these vaccine platforms have moved into clinical trials over the past year with the hope of finding an efficacious vaccine to prevent future outbreaks/epidemics of Ebola hemorrhagic fever on the scale of the West African epidemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Mire
- a Galveston National Laboratory, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston , TX , USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- a Galveston National Laboratory, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston , TX , USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- b Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research , National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Hamilton , MT , USA
| | - Andrea Marzi
- b Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research , National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Hamilton , MT , USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Long-term control of viral outbreaks requires the use of vaccines to impart acquired resistance and ensuing protection. In the wake of an epidemic, established immunity against a particular disease can limit spread and significantly decrease mortality. Creation of a safe and efficacious vaccine against Ebola virus (EBOV) has proven elusive so far, but various inventive strategies are now being employed to counteract the threat of outbreaks caused by EBOV and related filoviruses. Here, we present a current overview of progress in the field of Ebola virus vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Keshwara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College,Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107;
| | - Reed F Johnson
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Matthias J Schnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College,Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu J, Dai S, Wang M, Hu Z, Wang H, Deng F. Virus like particle-based vaccines against emerging infectious disease viruses. Virol Sin 2016; 31:279-87. [PMID: 27405928 PMCID: PMC7090901 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-016-3756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases are major threats to human health. Most severe viral disease outbreaks occur in developing regions where health conditions are poor. With increased international travel and business, the possibility of eventually transmitting infectious viruses between different countries is increasing. The most effective approach in preventing viral diseases is vaccination. However, vaccines are not currently available for numerous viral diseases. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are engineered vaccine candidates that have been studied for decades. VLPs are constructed by viral protein expression in various expression systems that promote the selfassembly of proteins into structures resembling virus particles. VLPs have antigenicity similar to that of the native virus, but are non-infectious as they lack key viral genetic material. VLP vaccines have attracted considerable research interest because they offer several advantages over traditional vaccines. Studies have shown that VLP vaccines can stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses, which may offer effective antiviral protection. Here we review recent developments with VLP-based vaccines for several highly virulent emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases. The infectious agents discussed include RNA viruses from different virus families, such as the Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Caliciviridae, Coronaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, and Togaviridae families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shiyu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Manli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fan Y, Moon JJ. Particulate delivery systems for vaccination against bioterrorism agents and emerging infectious pathogens. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [PMID: 27038091 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioterrorism agents that can be easily transmitted with high mortality rates and cause debilitating diseases pose major threats to national security and public health. The recent Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa and ongoing Zika virus outbreak in Brazil, now spreading throughout Latin America, are case examples of emerging infectious pathogens that have incited widespread fear and economic and social disruption on a global scale. Prophylactic vaccines would provide effective countermeasures against infectious pathogens and biological warfare agents. However, traditional approaches relying on attenuated or inactivated vaccines have been hampered by their unacceptable levels of reactogenicity and safety issues, whereas subunit antigen-based vaccines suffer from suboptimal immunogenicity and efficacy. In contrast, particulate vaccine delivery systems offer key advantages, including efficient and stable delivery of subunit antigens, co-delivery of adjuvant molecules to bolster immune responses, low reactogenicity due to the use of biocompatible biomaterials, and robust efficiency to elicit humoral and cellular immunity in systemic and mucosal tissues. Thus, vaccine nanoparticles and microparticles are promising platforms for clinical development of biodefense vaccines. In this review, we summarize the current status of research efforts to develop particulate vaccine delivery systems against bioterrorism agents and emerging infectious pathogens. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1403. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1403 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ohimain EI. Recent advances in the development of vaccines for Ebola virus disease. Virus Res 2015; 211:174-85. [PMID: 26596227 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus is one of the most dangerous microorganisms in the world causing hemorrhagic fevers in humans and non-human primates. Ebola virus (EBOV) is a zoonotic infection, which emerges and re-emerges in human populations. The 2014 outbreak was caused by the Zaire strain, which has a kill rate of up to 90%, though 40% was recorded in the current outbreak. The 2014 outbreak is larger than all 20 outbreaks that have occurred since 1976, when the virus was first discovered. It is the first time that the virus was sustained in urban centers and spread beyond Africa into Europe and USA. Thus far, over 22,000 cases have been reported with about 50% mortality in one year. There are currently no approved therapeutics and preventive vaccines against Ebola virus disease (EVD). Responding to the devastating effe1cts of the 2014 outbreak and the potential risk of global spread, has spurred research for the development of therapeutics and vaccines. This review is therefore aimed at presenting the progress of vaccine development. Results showed that conventional inactivated vaccines produced from EBOV by heat, formalin or gamma irradiation appear to be ineffective. However, novel vaccines production techniques have emerged leading to the production of candidate vaccines that have been demonstrated to be effective in preclinical trials using small animal and non-human primates (NHP) models. Some of the promising vaccines have undergone phase 1 clinical trials, which demonstrated their safety and immunogenicity. Many of the candidate vaccines are vector based such as Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV), Rabies Virus (RABV), Adenovirus (Ad), Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (VEEV). Other platforms include virus like particle (VLP), DNA and subunit vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Ige Ohimain
- Medical and Public Health Microbiology Research Unit, Biological Sciences Department, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jain NK, Sahni N, Kumru OS, Joshi SB, Volkin DB, Russell Middaugh C. Formulation and stabilization of recombinant protein based virus-like particle vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 93:42-55. [PMID: 25451136 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine formulation development has traditionally focused on improving antigen storage stability and compatibility with conventional adjuvants. More recently, it has also provided an opportunity to modify the interaction and presentation of an antigen/adjuvant to the immune system to better stimulate the desired immune responses for maximal efficacy. In the last decade, there has been a paradigm shift in vaccine antigen and formulation design involving an improved physical understanding of antigens and a better understanding of the immune system. In addition, the discovery of novel adjuvants and delivery systems promises to further improve the design of new, more effective vaccines. Here we describe some of the fundamental aspects of formulation design applicable to virus-like-particle based vaccine antigens (VLPs). Case studies are presented for commercially approved VLP vaccines as well as some investigational VLP vaccine candidates. An emphasis is placed on the biophysical analysis of vaccines to facilitate formulation and stabilization of these particulate antigens.
Collapse
|
28
|
Shurtleff AC, Bavari S. Animal models for ebolavirus countermeasures discovery: what defines a useful model? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 10:685-702. [PMID: 26004783 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.1035252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ebolaviruses are highly pathogenic filoviruses, which cause disease in humans and nonhuman primates (NHP) in Africa. The Zaire ebolavirus outbreak in 2014, which continues to greatly affect Western Africa and other countries to which the hemorrhagic fever was exported due to travel of unsymptomatic yet infected individuals, was complicated by the lack of available licensed vaccines or therapeutics to combat infection. After almost a year of research at an increased pace to find and test vaccines and therapeutics, there is now a deeper understanding of the available disease models for ebolavirus infection. Demonstration of vaccine or therapeutic efficacy in NHP models of ebolavirus infection is crucial to the development and eventual licensure of ebolavirus medical countermeasures, so that safe and effective countermeasures can be accelerated into human clinical trials. AREAS COVERED The authors describe ebolavirus hemorrhagic fever (EHF) disease in various animal species: mice, guinea pigs, hamsters, pigs and NHP, to include baboons, marmosets, rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, as well as African green monkeys. Because the NHP models are supremely useful for therapeutics and vaccine testing, emphasis is placed on comparison of these models, and their use as gold-standard models of EHF. EXPERT OPINION Animal models of EHF varying from rodents to NHP species are currently under evaluation for their reproducibility and utility for modeling infection in humans. Complete development and licensure of therapeutic agents and vaccines will require demonstration that mechanisms conferring protection in NHP models of infection are predictive of protective responses in humans, for a given countermeasure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Shurtleff
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Division of Molecular and Translational Sciences , 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD 21702 , USA +1 301 619 4246 ; +1 541 754 3545 ;
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Warfield KL, Dye JM, Wells JB, Unfer RC, Holtsberg FW, Shulenin S, Vu H, Swenson DL, Bavari S, Aman MJ. Homologous and heterologous protection of nonhuman primates by Ebola and Sudan virus-like particles. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118881. [PMID: 25793502 PMCID: PMC4368629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Filoviruses cause hemorrhagic fever resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in humans. Several vaccine platforms that include multiple virus-vectored approaches and virus-like particles (VLPs) have shown efficacy in nonhuman primates. Previous studies have shown protection of cynomolgus macaques against homologous infection for Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) following a three-dose vaccine regimen of EBOV or MARV VLPs, as well as heterologous protection against Ravn Virus (RAVV) following vaccination with MARV VLPs. The objectives of the current studies were to determine the minimum number of vaccine doses required for protection (using EBOV as the test system) and then demonstrate protection against Sudan virus (SUDV) and Taï Forest virus (TAFV). Using the EBOV nonhuman primate model, we show that one or two doses of VLP vaccine can confer protection from lethal infection. VLPs containing the SUDV glycoprotein, nucleoprotein and VP40 matrix protein provide complete protection against lethal SUDV infection in macaques. Finally, we demonstrate protective efficacy mediated by EBOV, but not SUDV, VLPs against TAFV; this is the first demonstration of complete cross-filovirus protection using a single component heterologous vaccine within the Ebolavirus genus. Along with our previous results, this observation provides strong evidence that it will be possible to develop and administer a broad-spectrum VLP-based vaccine that will protect against multiple filoviruses by combining only three EBOV, SUDV and MARV components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Warfield
- Integrated Biotherapeutics, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - John M. Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jay B. Wells
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Unfer
- Integrated Biotherapeutics, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Sergey Shulenin
- Integrated Biotherapeutics, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hong Vu
- Integrated Biotherapeutics, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dana L. Swenson
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sina Bavari
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - M. Javad Aman
- Integrated Biotherapeutics, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shurtleff AC, Whitehouse CA, Ward MD, Cazares LH, Bavari S. Pre-symptomatic diagnosis and treatment of filovirus diseases. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:108. [PMID: 25750638 PMCID: PMC4335271 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Filoviruses are virulent human pathogens which cause severe illness with high case fatality rates and for which there are no available FDA-approved vaccines or therapeutics. Diagnostic tools including antibody- and molecular-based assays, mass spectrometry, and next-generation sequencing are continually under development. Assays using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have become the mainstay for the detection of filoviruses in outbreak settings. In many cases, real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR allows for the detection of filoviruses to be carried out with minimal manipulation and equipment and can provide results in less than 2 h. In cases of novel, highly diverse filoviruses, random-primed pyrosequencing approaches have proved useful. Ideally, diagnostic tests would allow for diagnosis of filovirus infection as early as possible after infection, either before symptoms begin, in the event of a known exposure or epidemiologic outbreak, or post-symptomatically. If tests could provide an early definitive diagnosis, then this information may be used to inform the choice of possible therapeutics. Several exciting new candidate therapeutics have been described recently; molecules that have therapeutic activity when administered to animal models of infection several days post-exposure, once signs of disease have begun. The latest data for candidate nucleoside analogs, small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules, phosphorodiamidate (PMO) molecules, as well as antibody and blood-product therapeutics and therapeutic vaccines are discussed. For filovirus researchers and government agencies interested in making treatments available for a nation's defense as well as its general public, having the right diagnostic tools to identify filovirus infections, as well as a panel of available therapeutics for treatment when needed, is a high priority. Additional research in both areas is required for ultimate success, but significant progress is being made to reach these goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Shurtleff
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Chris A Whitehouse
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Michael D Ward
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Lisa H Cazares
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Sina Bavari
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ye L, Yang C. Development of vaccines for prevention of Ebola virus infection. Microbes Infect 2015; 17:98-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
32
|
Levine MM, Tapia M, Hill AV, Sow SO. How the current West African Ebola virus disease epidemic is altering views on the need for vaccines and is galvanizing a global effort to field-test leading candidate vaccines. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:504-7. [PMID: 25225675 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Myron M Levine
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Milagritos Tapia
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Adrian V Hill
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samba O Sow
- Le Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins du Mali, Bamako
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Ebola hemorrhagic fever is one of the most fatal viral diseases worldwide affecting humans and nonhuman primates. Although infections only occur frequently in Central Africa, the virus has the potential to spread globally and is classified as a category A pathogen that could be misused as a bioterrorism agent. As of today there is no vaccine or treatment licensed to counteract Ebola virus infections. DNA, subunit and several viral vector approaches, replicating and non-replicating, have been tested as potential vaccine platforms and their protective efficacy has been evaluated in nonhuman primate models for Ebola virus infections, which closely resemble disease progression in humans. Though these vaccine platforms seem to confer protection through different mechanisms, several of them are efficacious against lethal disease in nonhuman primates attesting that vaccination against Ebola virus infections is feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana 59840, MT, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana 59840, MT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lua LHL, Connors NK, Sainsbury F, Chuan YP, Wibowo N, Middelberg APJ. Bioengineering virus-like particles as vaccines. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 111:425-40. [PMID: 24347238 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particle (VLP) technology seeks to harness the optimally tuned immunostimulatory properties of natural viruses while omitting the infectious trait. VLPs that assemble from a single protein have been shown to be safe and highly efficacious in humans, and highly profitable. VLPs emerging from basic research possess varying levels of complexity and comprise single or multiple proteins, with or without a lipid membrane. Complex VLP assembly is traditionally orchestrated within cells using black-box approaches, which are appropriate when knowledge and control over assembly are limited. Recovery challenges including those of adherent and intracellular contaminants must then be addressed. Recent commercial VLPs variously incorporate steps that include VLP in vitro assembly to address these problems robustly, but at the expense of process complexity. Increasing research activity and translation opportunity necessitate bioengineering advances and new bioprocessing modalities for efficient and cost-effective production of VLPs. Emerging approaches are necessarily multi-scale and multi-disciplinary, encompassing diverse fields from computational design of molecules to new macro-scale purification materials. In this review, we highlight historical and emerging VLP vaccine approaches. We overview approaches that seek to specifically engineer a desirable immune response through modular VLP design, and those that seek to improve bioprocess efficiency through inhibition of intracellular assembly to allow optimal use of existing purification technologies prior to cell-free VLP assembly. Greater understanding of VLP assembly and increased interdisciplinary activity will see enormous progress in VLP technology over the coming decade, driven by clear translational opportunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda H L Lua
- Protein Expression Facility, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Binning JM, Wang T, Luthra P, Shabman RS, Borek DM, Liu G, Xu W, Leung DW, Basler CF, Amarasinghe GK. Development of RNA aptamers targeting Ebola virus VP35. Biochemistry 2013; 52:8406-19. [PMID: 24067086 DOI: 10.1021/bi400704d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Viral protein 35 (VP35), encoded by filoviruses, is a multifunctional dsRNA binding protein that plays important roles in viral replication, innate immune evasion, and pathogenesis. The multifunctional nature of these proteins also presents opportunities to develop countermeasures that target distinct functional regions. However, functional validation and the establishment of therapeutic approaches toward such multifunctional proteins, particularly for nonenzymatic targets, are often challenging. Our previous work on filoviral VP35 proteins defined conserved basic residues located within its C-terminal dsRNA binding interferon (IFN) inhibitory domain (IID) as important for VP35 mediated IFN antagonism and viral polymerase cofactor functions. In the current study, we used a combination of structural and functional data to determine regions of Ebola virus (EBOV) VP35 (eVP35) to target for aptamer selection using SELEX. Select aptamers, representing, two distinct classes, were further characterized based on their interaction properties to eVP35 IID. These results revealed that these aptamers bind to distinct regions of eVP35 IID with high affinity (10-50 nM) and specificity. These aptamers can compete with dsRNA for binding to eVP35 and disrupt the eVP35-nucleoprotein (NP) interaction. Consistent with the ability to antagonize the eVP35-NP interaction, select aptamers can inhibit the function of the EBOV polymerase complex reconstituted by the expression of select viral proteins. Taken together, our results support the identification of two aptamers that bind filoviral VP35 proteins with high affinity and specificity and have the capacity to potentially function as filoviral VP35 protein inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Binning
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ayithan N, Bradfute SB, Anthony SM, Stuthman KS, Dye JM, Bavari S, Bray M, Ozato K. Ebola virus-like particles stimulate type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokine expression through the toll-like receptor and interferon signaling pathways. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 34:79-89. [PMID: 24102579 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola viruses (EBOV) can cause severe hemorrhagic disease with high case fatality rates. Currently, no vaccines or therapeutics are approved for use in humans. Ebola virus-like particles (eVLP) comprising of virus protein (VP40), glycoprotein, and nucleoprotein protect rodents and nonhuman primates from lethal EBOV infection, representing as a candidate vaccine for EBOV infection. Previous reports have shown that eVLP stimulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (MΦs) in vitro. However, the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways through which eVLP induce innate immune responses remain obscure. In this study, we show that eVLP stimulate not only the expression of proinflammatory cytokines but also the expression of type I interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) and MΦs. Our data indicate that eVLP trigger host responses through toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway utilizing 2 distinct adaptors, MyD88 and TRIF. More interestingly, eVLP activated the IFN signaling pathway by inducing a set of potent antiviral ISGs. Last, eVLP and synthetic adjuvants, Poly I:C and CpG DNA, cooperatively increased the expression of cytokines and ISGs. Further supporting this synergy, eVLP when administered together with Poly I:C conferred mice enhanced protection against EBOV infection. These results indicate that eVLP stimulate early innate immune responses through TLR and type I IFN signaling pathways to protect the host from EBOV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Ayithan
- 1 Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development , National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Choi JH, Schafer SC, Zhang L, Juelich T, Freiberg AN, Croyle MA. Modeling pre-existing immunity to adenovirus in rodents: immunological requirements for successful development of a recombinant adenovirus serotype 5-based ebola vaccine. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3342-55. [PMID: 23915419 DOI: 10.1021/mp4001316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pre-existing immunity (PEI) to human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) worldwide is the primary limitation to routine clinical use of Ad5-based vectors in immunization platforms. Using systemic and mucosal PEI induction models in rodents (mice and guinea pigs), we assessed the influence of PEI on the type of adaptive immune response elicited by an Ad5-based vaccine for Ebola with respect to immunization route. Splenocytes isolated from vaccinated animals revealed that immunization by the same route in which PEI was induced significantly compromised Ebola Zaire glycoprotein (ZGP)-specific IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells and ZGP-specific multifunctional CD8+ T cell populations. ZGP-specific IgG1 antibody levels were also significantly reduced and a sharp increase in serum anti-Ad5 neutralizing antibody (NAB) titers were noted following immunization. These immune parameters correlated with poor survival after lethal challenge with rodent-adapted Ebola Zaire virus (ZEBOV). Although the number of IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells was reduced in animals given the vaccine by a different route from that used for PEI induction, the multifunctional CD8+ T cell response was not compromised. Survival rates in these groups were higher than when PEI was induced by the same route as immunization. These results suggest that antigen-specific multifunctional CD8(+) T cell and Th2 type antibody responses compromised by PEI to Ad5 are required for protection from Ebola. They also illustrate that methods for induction of PEI used in preclinical studies must be carefully evaluated for successful development of novel Ad5-based vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huk Choi
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pushko P, Pumpens P, Grens E. Development of Virus-Like Particle Technology from Small Highly Symmetric to Large Complex Virus-Like Particle Structures. Intervirology 2013; 56:141-65. [DOI: 10.1159/000346773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
39
|
Crisci E, Bárcena J, Montoya M. Virus-like particle-based vaccines for animal viral infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 32:102-116. [PMID: 32287712 PMCID: PMC7115488 DOI: 10.1016/j.inmuno.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is considered one of the most effective ways to control pathogens and prevent diseases in humans as well as in the veterinary field. Traditional vaccines against animal viral diseases are based on inactivated or attenuated viruses, but new subunit vaccines are gaining attention from researchers in animal vaccinology. Among these, virus-like particles (VLPs) represent one of the most appealing approaches opening up interesting frontiers in animal vaccines. VLPs are robust protein scaffolds exhibiting well-defined geometry and uniformity that mimic the overall structure of the native virions but lack the viral genome. They are often antigenically indistinguishable from the virus from which they were derived and present important advantages in terms of safety. VLPs can stimulate strong humoral and cellular immune responses and have been shown to exhibit self-adjuvanting abilities. In addition to their suitability as a vaccine for the homologous virus from which they are derived, VLPs can also be used as vectors for the multimeric presentation of foreign antigens. VLPs have therefore shown dramatic effectiveness as candidate vaccines; nevertheless, only one veterinary VLP-base vaccine is licensed. Here, we review and examine in detail the current status of VLPs as a vaccine strategy in the veterinary field, and discuss the potential advantages and challenges of this technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Crisci
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Juan Bárcena
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Montoya
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.,Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
In 1967, the first reported filovirus hemorrhagic fever outbreak took place in Germany and the former Yugoslavia. The causative agent that was identified during this outbreak, Marburg virus, is one of the most deadly human pathogens. This article provides a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge about Marburg virus disease ranging from ecology to pathogenesis and molecular biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Brauburger
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shedding light on filovirus infection with high-content imaging. Viruses 2012; 4:1354-71. [PMID: 23012631 PMCID: PMC3446768 DOI: 10.3390/v4081354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microscopy has been instrumental in the discovery and characterization of microorganisms. Major advances in high-throughput fluorescence microscopy and automated, high-content image analysis tools are paving the way to the systematic and quantitative study of the molecular properties of cellular systems, both at the population and at the single-cell level. High-Content Imaging (HCI) has been used to characterize host-virus interactions in genome-wide reverse genetic screens and to identify novel cellular factors implicated in the binding, entry, replication and egress of several pathogenic viruses. Here we present an overview of the most significant applications of HCI in the context of the cell biology of filovirus infection. HCI assays have been recently implemented to quantitatively study filoviruses in cell culture, employing either infectious viruses in a BSL-4 environment or surrogate genetic systems in a BSL-2 environment. These assays are becoming instrumental for small molecule and siRNA screens aimed at the discovery of both cellular therapeutic targets and of compounds with anti-viral properties. We discuss the current practical constraints limiting the implementation of high-throughput biology in a BSL-4 environment, and propose possible solutions to safely perform high-content, high-throughput filovirus infection assays. Finally, we discuss possible novel applications of HCI in the context of filovirus research with particular emphasis on the identification of possible cellular biomarkers of virus infection.
Collapse
|
42
|
Shurtleff AC, Nguyen TL, Kingery DA, Bavari S. Therapeutics for filovirus infection: traditional approaches and progress towards in silico drug design. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 7:935-54. [PMID: 22873527 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2012.714364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ebolaviruses and marburgviruses cause severe and often lethal human hemorrhagic fevers. As no FDA-approved therapeutics are available for these infections, efforts to discover new therapeutics are important, especially because these pathogens are considered biothreats and emerging infectious diseases. All methods for discovering new therapeutics should be considered, including compound library screening in vitro against virus and in silico structure-based drug design, where possible, if sufficient biochemical and structural information is available. AREAS COVERED This review covers the structure and function of filovirus proteins, as they have been reported to date, as well as some of the current antiviral screening approaches. The authors discuss key studies mapping small-molecule modulators that were found through library and in silico screens to potential sites on viral proteins or host proteins involved in virus trafficking and pathogenesis. A description of ebolavirus and marburgvirus diseases and available animal models is also presented. EXPERT OPINION To discover novel therapeutics with potent efficacy using sophisticated computational methods, more high-resolution crystal structures of filovirus proteins and more details about the protein functions and host interaction will be required. Current compound screening efforts are finding active antiviral compounds, but an emphasis on discovery research to investigate protein structures and functions enabling in silico drug design would provide another avenue for finding antiviral molecules. Additionally, targeting of protein-protein interactions may be a future avenue for drug discovery since disrupting catalytic sites may not be possible for all proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Shurtleff
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Integrated Toxicology Division, Fort Detrick, 1425 Porter Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Crisci E, Bárcena J, Montoya M. Virus-like particles: the new frontier of vaccines for animal viral infections. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 148:211-25. [PMID: 22705417 PMCID: PMC7112581 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination continues to be the main approach to protect animals from infectious diseases. Until recently, all licensed vaccines were developed using conventional technologies. Subunit vaccines are, however, gaining attention from researchers in the field of veterinary vaccinology, and among these, virus-like particles (VLPs) represent one of the most appealing approaches. VLPs are robust protein cages in the nanometer range that mimic the overall structure of the native virions but lack the viral genome. They are often antigenically indistinguishable from the virus from which they were derived and present important advantages in terms of safety. VLPs can stimulate strong humoral and cellular immune responses and have been shown to exhibit self-adjuvanting abilities. In addition to their suitability as a vaccine for the homologous virus from which they are derived, VLPs can also be used as vectors for the multimeric presentation of foreign antigens. VLPs have therefore shown dramatic effectiveness as candidate vaccines. Here, we review the current status of VLPs as a vaccine technology in the veterinary field, and discuss the potential advantages and challenges of this technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Crisci
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Federico M. From virus-like particles to engineered exosomes for a new generation of vaccines. Future Virol 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.12.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, virus-like particles (VLPs) have been the focus of countless investigations on innovative vaccines. The number of monotypic, multipartite and chimeric VLP-based vaccines proposed have increased even further in the last few years as part of the continuous effort to improve the safety, efficacy and cost–effectiveness of immunogens. As compared with monomer- or subunit-based vaccines, VLPs show several advantages in terms of potency of the elicited immune responses. Chimeric VLPs are quite flexible tools to accommodate foreign peptides, cell proteins and nonself-assembling viral products. However, their use often meets with still unresolved hurdles such as induction of undesired immune responses, neutralization by pre-existing immunity and complex methods of production. Among strategies aimed at developing new nanoparticle-based vaccines, exosomes hold much promise. They are nanovesicles constitutively released by eukaryotic cells that originate from intraluminal vesicles accumulating in multivesicular bodies. Exosomes have immunogenic properties, the strength of which correlates with the amounts of associated antigens. Engineering antigens of interest to target them in exosomes represents the last frontier in terms of nanoparticle-based vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Federico
- National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Martinez O, Leung LW, Basler CF. The role of antigen-presenting cells in filoviral hemorrhagic fever: gaps in current knowledge. Antiviral Res 2012; 93:416-28. [PMID: 22333482 PMCID: PMC3299938 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The filoviruses, Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV), are highly lethal zoonotic agents of concern as emerging pathogens and potential bioweapons. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), particularly macrophages and dendritic cells, are targets of filovirus infection in vivo. Infection of these cell types has been proposed to contribute to the inflammation, activation of coagulation cascades and ineffective immune responses characteristic of filovirus hemorrhagic fever. However, many aspects of filovirus–APC interactions remain to be clarified. Among the unanswered questions: What determines the ability of filoviruses to replicate in different APC subsets? What are the cellular signaling pathways that sense infection and lead to production of copious quantities of cytokines, chemokines and tissue factor? What are the mechanisms by which innate antiviral responses are disabled by these viruses, and how may these mechanisms contribute to inadequate adaptive immunity? A better understanding of these issues will clarify the pathogenesis of filoviral hemorrhagic fever and provide new avenues for development of therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Martinez
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|