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The presence of interferon affects the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Genes Immun 2022; 23:157-165. [PMID: 35725929 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-022-00176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and metabolic dysfunction are hallmarks of the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is the fastest-growing liver disease worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that innate immune mechanisms are essential drivers of fibrosis development in chronic inflammatory liver diseases, including NAFLD. In this study, 142 NAFLD patients were genotyped for three IFNL4 single-nucleotide variants in order to investigate the genetic relationship between IFNL4 and fibrosis in NAFLD patients. We observed an overrepresentation of the non-functional IFNL4 allele in patients with significant fibrosis (>F2). Next, we investigated the potential protective role of interferon (IFN) in relation to the development of liver fibrosis in an animal model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In contradiction to our hypothesis, the results showed an increase in fibrosis in IFN treated animals. Our study clearly indicates that IFN is able to affect the development of liver fibrosis, although our clinical and experimental data are conflicting.
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Biomarkers for the Detection and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients Treated with Direct-Acting Antivirals. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112700. [PMID: 35681679 PMCID: PMC9179595 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents the main etiological factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in developed countries. The introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) improved the eradication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) but not the reduction in the incidence of HCV-associated HCC. Some patients still develop HCC, even after reaching a sustained virological response (SVR). This review is a summary of pre-clinical studies that investigated predictive biomarkers for HCC occurrence and recurrence in HCV-infected patients treated with DAAs. The presented biomarkers are found dysregulated in serum or tissue at specific time points (before, during, after DAA treatment or post SVR) and correlated with HCC-predisposing conditions. Thus, this review aims to improve the management of patients developing HCV-induced HCC. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth-most common type of cancer worldwide and chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents the main etiological factor in developed countries. HCV promotes hepatocarcinogenesis through persistent liver inflammation and dysregulation of cell signaling pathways. The introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) resulted in a significant improvement in the eradication of the virus, with an expected reduction of HCC incidence. However, the risk of HCC development can persist after DAA treatment. Recent studies have investigated the potential use of molecular biomarkers that predict HCC occurrence or recurrence helping the stratification of patients under surveillance. This review aimed to summarize all pre-clinical exploration of predictive biomarkers to identify DAA-treated patients at risk for HCC development. Dysregulated microRNAs, lncRNAs, histone modifications, cytokines, proteins, and sphingolipids represent various classes of HCC risk predictors identified in two different biological sources (tissue and serum). The non-invasive serum markers can provide a more accessible means to perform clinical monitoring and predict the risk of HCC. In addition, conditions like cirrhosis, predisposing to HCC, strongly correlate with most of the molecular predictors identified, supporting the value of these molecules as possible biomarkers of HCC in DAA-treated patients.
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3
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Gozman L, Perry K, Nikogosov D, Klabukov I, Shevlyakov A, Baranova A. A Role of Variance in Interferon Genes to Disease Severity in COVID-19 Patients. Front Genet 2021; 12:709388. [PMID: 34603376 PMCID: PMC8484761 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.709388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid rise and global consequences of the novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) have again brought the focus of the scientific community on the possible host factors involved in patient response and outcome to exposure to the virus. The disease severity remains highly unpredictable, and individuals with none of the aforementioned risk factors may still develop severe COVID-19. It was shown that genotype-related factors like an ABO Blood Group affect COVID-19 severity, and the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 was higher for patients with blood type A and lower for patients with blood type O. Currently it is not clear which specific genes are associated with COVID-19 severity. The comparative analysis of COVID-19 and other viral infections allows us to predict that the variants within the interferon pathway genes may serve as markers of the magnitude of immune response to specific pathogens. In particular, various members of Class III interferons (lambda) are reviewed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Gozman
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Kellie Perry
- School of System Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | | | - Ilya Klabukov
- Department of Regenerative Technologies and biofabrication, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | | | - Ancha Baranova
- School of System Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
- Atlas Biomed Group Limited, London, United Kingdom
- Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Chen Q, Coto-Llerena M, Suslov A, Teixeira RD, Fofana I, Nuciforo S, Hofmann M, Thimme R, Hensel N, Lohmann V, Ng CKY, Rosenberger G, Wieland S, Heim MH. Interferon lambda 4 impairs hepatitis C viral antigen presentation and attenuates T cell responses. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4882. [PMID: 34385466 PMCID: PMC8360984 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants of the interferon lambda (IFNL) gene locus are strongly associated with spontaneous and IFN treatment-induced clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Individuals with the ancestral IFNL4-dG allele are not able to clear HCV in the acute phase and have more than a 90% probability to develop chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Paradoxically, the IFNL4-dG allele encodes a fully functional IFNλ4 protein with antiviral activity against HCV. Here we describe an effect of IFNλ4 on HCV antigen presentation. Only minor amounts of IFNλ4 are secreted, because the protein is largely retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it induces ER stress. Stressed cells are significantly weaker activators of HCV specific CD8+ T cells than unstressed cells. This is not due to reduced MHC I surface presentation or extracellular IFNλ4 effects, since T cell responses are restored by exogenous loading of MHC with HCV antigens. Rather, IFNλ4 induced ER stress impairs HCV antigen processing and/or loading onto the MHC I complex. Our results provide a potential explanation for the IFNλ4-HCV paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Aleksei Suslov
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Isabel Fofana
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Nuciforo
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Hensel
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Volker Lohmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Centre for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte K Y Ng
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Oncogenomics Lab, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Wieland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus H Heim
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland.
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5
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Macek Jílková Z, Seigneurin A, Coppard C, Ouaguia L, Aspord C, Marche PN, Leroy V, Decaens T. Circulating IL-13 Is Associated with De Novo Development of HCC in HCV-Infected Patients Responding to Direct-Acting Antivirals. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123820. [PMID: 33352852 PMCID: PMC7766760 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are highly effective in targeting hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, but the incidence of HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains still high. In this study, we investigated a cohort of HCV-infected patients treated with DAAs who were followed up for 4 years after sustained virological response (SVR) achievement. Patients who developed de novo HCC following DAA treatment were compared to matched controls who did not develop HCC. These control patients were selected based on DAA treatment, sex, age, fibrosis status, and platelet counts. We evaluated serum levels of 30 immune mediators before, during, at the end of, and three months after DAA treatment using Luminex technology. We identified the immune factors associated with de novo HCC occurrence following DAA treatment. Specifically, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 levels were significantly higher before start of the DAA treatment in the serum of patients who later developed HCC than in controls and stayed higher at each subsequent time point. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression revealed IL-13 as the only strong factor associated with HCC development in this cohort of HCV patients. The difference was observed already at baseline of DAA treatment, which confirms the existence of a specific immune profile in these patients who later develop HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Macek Jílková
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (L.O.); (C.A.); (P.N.M.); (V.L.)
- Service d’Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38043 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence: (Z.M.J.); (T.D.); Tel.: +33-4765-49417 (Z.M.J.); +33-4767-65441 (T.D.); Fax: +33-4767-65179 (T.D.)
| | - Arnaud Seigneurin
- University Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France;
- Service d’Evaluation Médicale, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38043 Grenoble, France
- TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Celine Coppard
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (L.O.); (C.A.); (P.N.M.); (V.L.)
| | - Laurissa Ouaguia
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (L.O.); (C.A.); (P.N.M.); (V.L.)
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Rhone-Alpes Auvergne, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Aspord
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (L.O.); (C.A.); (P.N.M.); (V.L.)
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Rhone-Alpes Auvergne, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice N. Marche
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (L.O.); (C.A.); (P.N.M.); (V.L.)
| | - Vincent Leroy
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (L.O.); (C.A.); (P.N.M.); (V.L.)
- Service d’Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38043 Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France;
| | - Thomas Decaens
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, 38700 Grenoble, France; (C.C.); (L.O.); (C.A.); (P.N.M.); (V.L.)
- Service d’Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38043 Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, 38400 Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France;
- Correspondence: (Z.M.J.); (T.D.); Tel.: +33-4765-49417 (Z.M.J.); +33-4767-65441 (T.D.); Fax: +33-4767-65179 (T.D.)
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Immunologic Features of Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Before and During Sorafenib or Anti-programmed Death-1/Programmed Death-L1 Treatment. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 10:e00058. [PMID: 31295151 PMCID: PMC6708670 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Today, a promising treatment strategy is focused on the enhancement of antitumor immune responses by immune checkpoint modification. However, as only 20% of patients with HCC are responders, identification of predictive factors is urgently required. Therefore, for the first time, the features of the intrahepatic and circulating immune system in patients with advanced-stage HCC, before and during the treatment, were analyzed. METHODS We collected fresh HCC biopsies, along with adjacent tumor-free liver tissues and peripheral blood samples, from 21 patients with advanced HCC. Furthermore, we performed an extensive immunomonitoring of patients with HCC treated with sorafenib or programmed death (PD)-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade using multiparametric flow cytometry. RESULTS We observed that regardless of the treatment, low baseline intratumoral CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio was associated with better overall survival (P = 0.0002). The baseline frequency of intratumoral PD-1 CD8 T cells was significantly lower in patients responding to sorafenib treatment than in the nonresponders (P = 0.0117), and the frequency of circulating PD-1 T cells increased with tumor progression (P = 0.0329). By contrast, responders to PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade showed a trend of high baseline frequency of intratumoral PD-1 CD8 T cells. Moreover, we observed a trend of LAG3 and TIM3 upregulation on circulating T cells in nonresponding patients to PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade. DISCUSSION Immunosuppressive state, characterized by an enhanced intratumoral CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio, was associated with poor prognosis. Additionally, our results suggest that the frequency of intratumoral PD-1 CD8 T cells may serve as a biomarker to identify which individuals will benefit from which treatment and support the use of combination strategies.
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7
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Sex Differences in Spontaneous Degranulation Activity of Intrahepatic Natural Killer Cells during Chronic Hepatitis B: Association with Estradiol Levels. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3214917. [PMID: 28469292 PMCID: PMC5392396 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3214917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Major sex differences are observed in the prevalence, intensity, and severity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Here, we investigated degranulation activity of circulating and intrahepatic natural killer (NK) cells from HBV and HCV chronically infected patients before any treatment (n = 125). The frequency of CD107+ NK cells in the female liver was significantly higher compared to that in males during chronic HBV infection (p = 0.002) and correlated with the plasma levels of estradiol (correlation coefficient r = 0.634; p < 0.0001). Our results clearly show sex differences in degranulation activity of intrahepatic NK cells of HBV-infected patients. This probably contributes to the ability of females to better deal with HBV disease.
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8
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Pouryasin M, Sharafi H, Behnava B, Alavian SM, Keshvari M, Pouryasin A. A Simple PCR-RFLP Method for Genotyping of IFNL4 rs368234815 Polymorphism in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C. Lab Med 2017; 48:51-56. [PMID: 28057801 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmw060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IFNL4 rs368234815 polymorphism plays a prominent role in spontaneous and treatment-induced clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This study aimed to develop a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method for assessment of rs368234815 polymorphism. METHODS We genotyped the rs368234815 polymorphism in 87 patients with chronic HCV by PCR sequencing and PCR-RFLP methods, simultaneously. RESULTS Genotyping of IFNL4 rs368234815 via PCR-RFLP was concordant with PCR sequencing in all 87 individuals (100%). The analytical sensitivity and specificity of the developed PCR-RFLP method for genotyping of rs368234815 polymorphism were each 100%. Among these patients with chronic HCV, the frequency of rs368234815 TT/TT, TT/ΔG, and ΔG/ΔG were 44.8%, 37.9%, and 17.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The PCR-RFLP method that we developed is accurate, rapid, inexpensive, and easy to perform for genotyping of the IFNL4 rs368234815 polymorphism. This method can be used for clinical and research work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Pouryasin
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Armin Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heidar Sharafi
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Armin Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran.,Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Behnava
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Keshvari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Pouryasin
- Armin Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran, .,Department of Biology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran
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9
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Boisvert M, Shoukry NH. Type III Interferons in Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2016; 7:628. [PMID: 28066437 PMCID: PMC5179541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon (IFN)-λ family of type III cytokines includes the closely related interleukin (IL)-28A (IFN-λ2), IL-28B (IFN-λ3), and IL-29 (IFN-λ1). They signal through the Janus kinases (JAK)-signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway and promote an antiviral state by the induction of expression of several interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Contrary to type I IFNs, the effect of IFN-λ cytokines is largely limited to epithelial cells due to the restricted pattern of expression of their specific receptor. Several genome-wide association studies have established a strong correlation between polymorphism in the region of IL-28B gene (encoding for IFN-λ3) and both spontaneous and therapeutic IFN-mediated clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but the mechanism(s) underlying this enhanced viral clearance are not fully understood. IFN-λ3 directly inhibits HCV replication, and in vitro studies suggest that polymorphism in the IFN-λ3 and its recently identified overlapping IFN-λ4 govern the pattern of ISGs induced upon HCV infection of hepatocytes. IFN-λ can also be produced by dendritic cells, and apart from its antiviral action on hepatocytes, it can regulate the inflammatory response of monocytes/macrophages, thus acting at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we review the current state of knowledge about the role of IFN-λ cytokines in mediating and regulating the immune response during acute and chronic HCV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Boisvert
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) , Montréal, QC , Canada
| | - Naglaa H Shoukry
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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10
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Li Y, Yang L, Sha K, Liu T, Zhang L. Correlation of interferon-lambda 4 ss469415590 with the hepatitis C virus treatment response and its comparison with interleukin 28b polymorphisms in predicting a sustained virological response: a meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 53:52-58. [PMID: 27810523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-lambda 4 (IFNL4) ss469415590 is a newly discovered polymorphism that could predict the treatment response in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. This meta-analysis was performed in order to clarify its specific effect on the treatment response and to compare it with interleukin 28b (IL28B). METHOD The commonly used literature databases were searched. Meta-analyses were performed with fixed/random-effects models using Stata 12.0. The sustained virological response (SVR) rate was summarized using R software. Publication bias was examined through Egger's test. RESULTS A total of seven studies were finally included in this meta-analysis. IFNL4 ss469415590 was demonstrated to be associated with SVR (odds ratio (OR) 3.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.22-4.56, p<0.001). Asians had a higher likelihood of achieving SVR than Caucasians (OR=7.36 vs. 3.54). When stratifying all the patients according to HCV genotype, a significant association was observed in HCV genotype 1 patients (OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.91-6.95, p<0.001). In HCV genotype 2/3 patients, the favorable TT/TT genotype patients tended to have a statistically higher SVR rate than the non-TT/TT genotype patients (84.4% vs. 78.3%, p=0.058). Compared with IL28B rs12979860 (OR 3.45) and rs8099917 (OR 3.50), ss469415590 TT/TT genotype patients showed a slightly higher probability of achieving a SVR (OR 3.61 calculated from studies investigating both IFNL4 and rs12979860; OR 4.86 for studies investigating both IFNL4 and rs8099917). Furthermore, ss469415590 showed a slightly higher predictive value than rs12979860 using the diagnostic test tool (area under the curve=0.71 vs. 0.70). IFNL4 was also correlated with rapid virological response (RVR) (OR 4.35, 95% CI 1.43-13.20, p=0.01), viral clearance (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.24-0.39, p<0.001), and HCV susceptibility (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65-0.89, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS IFNL4 ss469415590 is significantly associated with SVR in HCV genotype 1 patients, irrespective of race; there is a tendency towards an association in HCV genotype 2/3 patients. Comparable to IL28B, IFNL4 is correlated with natural viral clearance and HCV susceptibility, additionally IFNL4 ss469415590 has a slightly higher predictive performance over IL28B polymorphisms in regard to SVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Huanghe 2(nd) Road, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China.
| | - Luhua Yang
- Binzhou Medical University Hospital Outpatient Department, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Kaihui Sha
- Binzhou Medical University School of Nursing, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Tonggang Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Huanghe 2(nd) Road, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Huanghe 2(nd) Road, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
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11
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O'Connor KS, Read SA, Wang M, Schibeci S, Eslam M, Ong A, Weltman MD, Douglas MW, Mazzola A, Craxì A, Petta S, Stewart GJ, Liddle C, George J, Ahlenstiel G, Booth DR. IFNL3/4 genotype is associated with altered immune cell populations in peripheral blood in chronic hepatitis C infection. Genes Immun 2016; 17:328-34. [PMID: 27307212 PMCID: PMC5399140 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms near the interferon lambda 3 (IFNL3) gene predict outcomes to infection and anti-viral treatment in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. To identify IFNL3 genotype effects on peripheral blood, we collected phenotype data on 400 patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The IFNL3 responder genotype predicted significantly lower white blood cells (WBCs), as well as lower absolute numbers of monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes for both rs8099917 and rs12979860. We sought to define the WBC subsets driving this association using flow cytometry of 67 untreated CHC individuals. Genotype-associated differences were seen in the ratio of CD4CD45RO+ to CD4CD45RO-; CD8CD45RO+ to CD8CD45RO-, NK CD56 dim to bright and monocyte numbers and percentages. Whole blood expression levels of IFNL3, IFNLR1 (interferon lambda receptor 1), IFNLR1-mem (a membrane-associated receptor), IFNLR1-sol (a truncated soluble receptor), MxA and T- and NK (natural killer) cell transcription factors TBX21, GATA3, RORC, FOXP3 and EOMES in two subjects were also determined. CHC patients demonstrated endogenous IFN activation with higher levels of MxA, IFNLR1, IFNLR1-mem and IFNLR1-sol, and IFNL3 genotype-associated differences in transcription factors. Taken together, these data provide evidence of an IFNL3 genotype association with differences in monocyte, T- and NK cell levels in the peripheral blood of patients with CHC. This could underpin genotype associations with spontaneous and treatment-induced HCV clearance and hepatic necroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S O'Connor
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S A Read
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Wang
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Schibeci
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Ong
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M D Weltman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M W Douglas
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Mazzola
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Craxì
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Petta
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia, Di.Bi.M.I.S., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - G J Stewart
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G Ahlenstiel
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D R Booth
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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12
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Krämer B, Finnemann C, Sastre B, Lutz P, Glässner A, Wolter F, Goeser F, Kokordelis P, Kaczmarek D, Nischalke HD, Strassburg CP, Spengler U, Nattermann J. IL-28B Genetic Variants Determine the Extent of Monocyte-Induced Activation of NK Cells in Hepatitis C. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162068. [PMID: 27583440 PMCID: PMC5008784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immuno-genetic studies suggest a functional link between NK cells and λ-IFNs. We recently showed that NK cells are negative for the IFN-λ receptor IFN-λR1 and do not respond to IFN-λ, suggesting a rather indirect association between IL-28B genotype and NK cell activity. METHODS A total of 75 HCV(+) patients and 67 healthy controls were enrolled into this study. IL-28B (rs12979860) and IFNL-4 (rs368234815) genotypes were determined by rtPCR. Total PBMC, monocytes, and NK cells were stimulated with IL-29, the TLR-7/8 agonist R848, or a combination of both. NK cell IFN-γ response was analysed by FACS. IL-12 and IL-18 secretion of monocytes was studied by ELISA. In blocking experiments anti-IL-12/anti-IL-18 were used. RESULTS Following stimulation of total PBMCs with R848 we found NK cell IFN- γ responses to vary with the IL-28B genotype, with carriers of a T/T genotype displaying the lowest frequency of IFN-γ(+)NK cells. When isolated NK cells were studied no such associations were observed, indicating an indirect association between IL-28B genotype and NK cell activity. Accordingly, we found R848-stimulated monocytes of patients with a T/T genotype to be significantly less effective in triggering NK cell IFN- γ production than monocytes from carriers of a non-T/T genotype. In line with these findings we observed monocytes from T/T patients to secrete significantly lower concentrations of IL-12 than monocytes from non-T/T individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that monocytes from carriers of an IL-28B T/T genotype display a reduced ability to stimulate NK cell activity and, thus, provide a link between IL-28B genotype and NK functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Krämer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Claudia Finnemann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Beatriz Sastre
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
- AIDS Research Network (RIS-RETICS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Philipp Lutz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Glässner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Franziska Wolter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Goeser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Pavlos Kokordelis
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Kaczmarek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Nischalke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian P. Strassburg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Spengler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jacob Nattermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Bonn, Germany
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13
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Depla M, Pelletier S, Bédard N, Brunaud C, Bruneau J, Shoukry NH. IFN-λ3 polymorphism indirectly influences NK cell phenotype and function during acute HCV infection. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2016; 4:376-88. [PMID: 27621819 PMCID: PMC5004291 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Polymorphisms in the type III interferon IFN‐λ3 and the killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) genes controlling the activity of natural killer (NK) cells can predict spontaneous resolution of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We hypothesized that IFN‐λ3 polymorphism may modulate NK cell function during acute HCV. Methods We monitored the plasma levels of type III IFNs in relation to the phenotype and the function of NK cells in a cohort of people who inject drugs (PWID) during acute HCV infection with different outcomes. Results Early acute HCV was associated with high variability in type III IFNs plasma levels and the favorable IFN‐λ3 CC genotype was associated with higher viral loads. Reduced expression of Natural Killer Group Protein 2A (NKG2A) was associated with lower IFN‐λ3 plasma levels and the CC genotype. IFN‐γ production by NK cells was higher in individuals with the CC genotype during acute infection but this did not prevent viral persistence. IFN‐λ3 plasma levels did not correlate with function of NK cells and IFN‐λ3 prestimulation did not affect NK cell activation and function. Conclusions These results suggest that IFN‐λ3 polymorphism indirectly influences NK cell phenotype and function during acute HCV but other factors may act in concert to determine the outcome of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Depla
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Sandy Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)MontréalQuébecCanada; Département de microbiologie et immunologieFaculté de médecineUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Nathalie Bédard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Camille Brunaud
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)MontréalQuébecCanada; Département de microbiologie et immunologieFaculté de médecineUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)MontréalQuébecCanada; Département de médecine familiale et de médecine d'urgenceFaculté de médecineUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Naglaa H Shoukry
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM)MontréalQuébecCanada; Département de médecineFaculté de médecineUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
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14
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Macek Jilkova Z, Afzal S, Marche H, Decaens T, Sturm N, Jouvin-Marche E, Huard B, Marche PN. Progression of fibrosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis is associated with IL-17(+) neutrophils. Liver Int 2016; 36:1116-24. [PMID: 26749555 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 plays a crucial role in liver diseases associated with hepatic fibrosis and increased risk of cancer development. Nevertheless, the cellular source of this cytokine has never been characterized in patients with liver fibrosis. METHODS In this study, we investigated liver biopsies from 49 patients with chronic viral hepatitis at different stages of liver fibrosis. We monitored IL-17 production by intracellular flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical in situ stainings, allowing a precise quantification, characterization and localization of IL-17(+) cells. RESULTS Density of IL-17(+) cells increased with the stage of liver fibrosis specifically in fibrotic septa and portal areas (correlation coefficient r = 0.7373; P < 0.0001). Data clearly show that the frequency of intrahepatic IL-17(+) lymphocytes (including T, NKT and NK cells) was independent on stage of liver fibrosis, and we observed no statistical differences in number of IL-17(+) macrophages during progression of fibrosis. On the other hand, the number of IL-17(+) neutrophils in fibrotic septa and portal areas strongly correlated with the stages of fibrosis (correlation coefficient r = 0.6986; P < 0.0001), contributing significantly to total IL-17 production in liver tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that neutrophils represent an important source of IL-17 in the human liver, especially in late fibrosis stages. Inhibition of this specific harmful subset of neutrophils may offer therapeutic opportunities in fibrotic liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samia Afzal
- IAB, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hélène Marche
- IAB, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,INSERM U823, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Decaens
- IAB, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,INSERM U823, Grenoble, France.,CHU-Grenoble Département d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, La Tronche, France
| | - Nathalie Sturm
- IAB, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,INSERM U823, Grenoble, France.,CHU-Grenoble Département d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, La Tronche, France
| | | | - Bertrand Huard
- IAB, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,INSERM U823, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice N Marche
- IAB, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,INSERM U823, Grenoble, France
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15
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de Seixas Santos Nastri AC, de Mello Malta F, Diniz MA, Yoshino A, Abe-Sandes K, Dos Santos SEB, de Castro Lyra A, Carrilho FJ, Pinho JRR. Association of IFNL3 and IFNL4 polymorphisms with hepatitis C virus infection in a population from southeastern Brazil. Arch Virol 2016; 161:1477-84. [PMID: 26973228 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease and associated complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Viral and host factors are known to be predictors for antiviral therapy. Host factors that are predictors of sustained viral response (SVR) were discovered by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or near the interferon lambda gene (rs8099917, rs12979860 and rs368234815). The aim of the present study was to verify the genotype frequencies of SNPs rs8099917, rs12979860 and rs368234815 and to evaluate the association between SNPs and the outcome of HCV infection, taking into account the population ancestry. In this study, there was an association of the three polymorphisms with both clinical outcome and response to treatment with PEG-IFN and RBV. The polymorphisms rs12979860 and rs368234815 were associated with increased sensitivity (97.7 %, 95 % CI 87.2-100, and 93.3 %, 95 % CI 81.3-98.3; respectively) and with a greater predictive value of a positive response to treatment. In multivariable analysis adjusted by gender, age and ancestry, the haplotype G/T/ΔG was related to non-response to treatment (OR = 21.09, 95 % CI 5.33-83.51; p < 0.001) and to a higher chance of developing chronic infection (OR = 5.46, 95 % CI 2.06-14.46; p = 0.001) when compared to the haplotype T/C/TT. These findings may help to adjust our treatment policies for HCV infection based on greater certainty in studies with populations with such genetic characteristics, as well as allowing us to get to know the genetic profile of our population for these polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catharina de Seixas Santos Nastri
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Mello Malta
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, LIM 07, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, 500, 2nd floor IMT-II, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Augusto Diniz
- Samuel Oschin Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alessandra Yoshino
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kiyoko Abe-Sandes
- Laboratory of Immunology, Health Sciences Institutes (ICS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - André de Castro Lyra
- Human Genetics and Medical laboratory, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Flair José Carrilho
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, LIM 07, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, 500, 2nd floor IMT-II, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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CD3(+)CD56(+) Natural Killer-Like T Cells Display Anti-HCV Activity but Are Functionally Impaired in HIV(+) Patients With Acute Hepatitis C. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2016; 70:338-46. [PMID: 26509931 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the role of CD3(+)CD56(+) natural killer (NK)-like T cells in HIV(+) patients with acute hepatitis C. DESIGN Frequency, phenotype, and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity of CD3(+)CD56(+) NK-like T cells were studied in 36 HIV(+) patients with acute hepatitis C. As controls, 12 patients with chronic HCV/HIV coinfection, 8 HIV monoinfected patients, and 12 healthy donors were enrolled in this study. METHODS CD3(+)CD56(+) NK-like T-cell-mediated inhibition of HCV replication was analyzed using the HuH7A2HCVreplicon model. The CD3(+)CD56(+) NK-like T-cell phenotype and interferon (IFN)-γ secretion were studied by flow cytometry. RESULTS Interleukin 12/interleukin 15 stimulated CD3(+)CD56(+) NK-like T cells from healthy donors effectively block HCV replication in vitro in an IFN-γ dependent manner. Accordingly, we found that blocking of IFN-γ with a specific antibody significantly reduced the antiviral activity of CD3(+)CD56(+) NK-like T cells. However, when CD3(+)CD56(+) NK-like T cells from HIV(+) patients were studied, we found HIV infection to be associated with a significantly impaired IFN-γ production, irrespective of HCV coinfection. Accordingly, CD3(+)CD56(+) NK-like T cells from HIV(+) patients were significantly less effective in blocking HCV replication in vitro than cells from healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data indicate that HIV infection is associated with an impaired anti-HCV activity of CD3(+)CD56(+) NK-like T cells, which might represent a novel mechanism of dysregulated immune response in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.
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17
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Rembeck K, Lagging M. Impact of IL28B, ITPA and PNPLA3 genetic variants on therapeutic outcome and progression of hepatitis C virus infection. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:1179-88. [PMID: 26250055 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic HCV infection comprises a broad spectrum of liver disease, ranging from no or minimal activity to active hepatitis that in time may progress to severe liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma if left untreated. This review describes the impact of genetic variants of interleukin 28B (IL28B; also known as interferon-lambda 3), inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA) and patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) on therapeutic outcome and liver disease severity in HCV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Rembeck
- Department of Infectious Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, SE-413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Lagging
- Department of Infectious Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, SE-413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Wack A, Terczyńska-Dyla E, Hartmann R. Guarding the frontiers: the biology of type III interferons. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:802-9. [PMID: 26194286 PMCID: PMC7096991 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type III interferons (IFNs) or IFN-λs regulate a similar set of genes as type I IFNs, but whereas type I IFNs act globally, IFN-λs primarily target mucosal epithelial cells and protect them against the frequent viral attacks that are typical for barrier tissues. IFN-λs thereby help to maintain healthy mucosal surfaces through immune protection, without the significant immune-related pathogenic risk associated with type I IFN responses. Type III IFNs also target the human liver, with dual effects: they induce an antiviral state in hepatocytes, but specific IFN-λ4 action impairs the clearance of hepatitis C virus and could influence inflammatory responses. This constitutes a paradox that has yet to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wack
- Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ewa Terczyńska-Dyla
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rune Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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19
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Rogalska-Taranta M, Markova AA, Taranta A, Lunemann S, Schlaphoff V, Flisiak R, Manns MP, Cornberg M, Kraft ARM, Wedemeyer H. Altered effector functions of NK cells in chronic hepatitis C are associated with IFNL3 polymorphism. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:283-94. [PMID: 26034208 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a1014-520r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon α-mediated effector functions of NK cells may contribute to the control of HCV replication and the pathogenesis of liver disease. The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs12979860 near IFNL3 (previously known as IL28B) is important in response to IFN-α treatment and in spontaneous resolution of acute hepatitis C. The role of the IFNL3 polymorphism in NK cell function is unclear. Thus, we investigated the role of IFNL3 polymorphism in type I IFN-dependent regulation of NK cell functions in patients with cHC and healthy control subjects. We demonstrated a marked polarization of NK cells toward cytotoxicity in response to IFN-α stimulation in patients with hepatitis C. That TRAIL up-regulation was present, particularly in patients with the IFNL3-TT allele, was supported by a shift in the pSTAT-1:pSTAT-4 ratios toward pSTAT-1. In patients bearing the IFNL3-TT allele, NK cell effector function correlated with liver disease activity. In contrast, higher cytokine production of NK cells was observed in healthy individuals with the IFNL3-CC genotype, which may support spontaneous HCV clearance in acute infection. Overall, these findings show that the role of NK cells may differ in chronic infection vs. early antiviral defense and that the IFNL3 genotype differentially influences NK cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rogalska-Taranta
- *Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Antoaneta A Markova
- *Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andrzej Taranta
- *Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lunemann
- *Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Verena Schlaphoff
- *Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Flisiak
- *Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael P Manns
- *Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Cornberg
- *Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anke R M Kraft
- *Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- *Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
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20
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Chu PS, Ebinuma H, Nakamoto N, Sugiyama K, Usui S, Wakayama Y, Taniki N, Yamaguchi A, Shiba S, Yamagishi Y, Wakita T, Hibi T, Saito H, Kanai T. Genotype-Associated Differential NKG2D Expression on CD56+CD3+ Lymphocytes Predicts Response to Pegylated-Interferon/Ribavirin Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125664. [PMID: 25965701 PMCID: PMC4428701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infections are significantly more difficult to eradicate with PEG-IFN/ribavirin therapy, compared to HCV genotype 2. The aim of this work is to investigate the difference of immunological impairments underlying this phenomenon. Pre-treatment NKG2D expression on peripheral CD56+CD3+ lymphocytes and CD56+CD3- NK cells from cases of chronic hepatitis C were analyzed and assessed by treatment effect. Two strains of HCV were used to co-incubate with immune cells in vitro. NKG2D expression on peripheral CD56+CD3+ lymphocytes, but not NK cells, was significantly impaired in genotype 1 infection, compared to genotype 2. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors were co-incubated with TNS2J1, a genotype 1b/2a chimera strain, or with JFH1, a genotype 2a strain, genotype-specific decrease of NKG2D on CD56+CD3+ lymphocytes, but not NK cells, was observed. Pre-treatment NKG2D expression on peripheral CD56+CD3+ lymphocytes significantly correlated with reduction in serum HCV RNA levels from week 0 to week 4, and predicted treatment response. Ex vivo stimulation of peripheral CD56+CD3+ lymphocytes showed NKG2D expression-correlated IFN-γ production. In conclusion, Decreased NKG2D expression on CD56+CD3+ lymphocytes in chronic HCV genotype 1 infection predicts inferior treatment response to PEG-IFN/ribavirin therapy compared to genotype 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-sung Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Ebinuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sugiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Usui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Wakayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Taniki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shiba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamagishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato Institute Hospital, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Terczyńska-Dyla E, Bibert S, Duong FHT, Krol I, Jørgensen S, Collinet E, Kutalik Z, Aubert V, Cerny A, Kaiser L, Malinverni R, Mangia A, Moradpour D, Müllhaupt B, Negro F, Santoro R, Semela D, Semmo N, Heim MH, Bochud PY, Hartmann R. Reduced IFNλ4 activity is associated with improved HCV clearance and reduced expression of interferon-stimulated genes. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5699. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Dustin LB, Cashman SB, Laidlaw SM. Immune control and failure in HCV infection--tipping the balance. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:535-48. [PMID: 25015956 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4ri0214-126r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of potent antiviral drugs, HCV remains a global health problem; global eradication is a long way off. In this review, we discuss the immune response to HCV infection and particularly, the interplay between viral strategies that delay the onset of antiviral responses and host strategies that limit or even eradicate infected cells but also contribute to pathogenesis. Although HCV can disable some cellular virus-sensing machinery, IFN-stimulated antiviral genes are induced in the infected liver. Whereas epitope evolution contributes to escape from T cell-mediated immunity, chronic high antigen load may also blunt the T cell response by activating exhaustion or tolerance mechanisms. The evasive maneuvers of HCV limit sterilizing humoral immunity through rapid evolution of decoy epitopes, epitope masking, stimulation of interfering antibodies, lipid shielding, and cell-to-cell spread. Whereas the majority of HCV infections progress to chronic hepatitis with persistent viremia, at least 20% of patients spontaneously clear the infection. Most of these are protected from reinfection, suggesting that protective immunity to HCV exists and that a prophylactic vaccine may be an achievable goal. It is therefore important that we understand the correlates of protective immunity and mechanisms of viral persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn B Dustin
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Siobhán B Cashman
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Laidlaw
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford, United Kingdom
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