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Andreev K, Jones JC, Seiler P, Kandeil A, Turner JCM, Barman S, Rubrum AM, Webby RJ, Govorkova EA. Antiviral Susceptibility of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses Circulating Globally in 2022-2023. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1830-1835. [PMID: 37770028 PMCID: PMC11175693 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiviral susceptibility of currently circulating (2022-2023) highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses was assessed by genotypic and phenotypic approaches. The frequency was low for neuraminidase (NA) and polymerase acidic (PA) substitutions associated with reduced inhibition by NA inhibitors (21/2698, 0.78%) or the PA inhibitor baloxavir (14/2600, 0.54%). Phenotypic testing of 22 clade 2.3.2.1a and 2.3.4.4b viruses revealed broad susceptibility to NA inhibitors and baloxavir for a conclusion that most contemporary HPAI A(H5N1) viruses retain susceptibility to antiviral drugs. Novel NA-K432E and NA-T438I substitutions (N2 numbering) were identified at elevated frequencies (104/2698, 3.85%) and caused reduced zanamivir and peramivir inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Andreev
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jeremy C Jones
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Patrick Seiler
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jasmine C M Turner
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Subrata Barman
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Adam M Rubrum
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Elena A Govorkova
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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2
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Nguyen HT, Chesnokov A, De La Cruz J, Pascua PNQ, Mishin VP, Jang Y, Jones J, Di H, Ivashchenko AA, Killian ML, Torchetti MK, Lantz K, Wentworth DE, Davis CT, Ivachtchenko AV, Gubareva LV. Antiviral susceptibility of clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses isolated from birds and mammals in the United States, 2022. Antiviral Res 2023; 217:105679. [PMID: 37494978 PMCID: PMC10508830 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses that are responsible for devastating outbreaks in birds and mammals pose a potential threat to public health. Here, we evaluated their susceptibility to influenza antivirals. Of 1,015 sequences of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses collected in the United States during 2022, eight viruses (∼0.8%) had a molecular marker of drug resistance to an FDA-approved antiviral: three adamantane-resistant (M2-V27A), four oseltamivir-resistant (NA-H275Y), and one baloxavir-resistant (PA-I38T). Additionally, 31 viruses contained mutations that may reduce susceptibility to inhibitors of neuraminidase (NA) (n = 20) or cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) (n = 11). A panel of 22 representative viruses was tested phenotypically. Overall, clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) viruses lacking recognized resistance mutations were susceptible to FDA-approved antivirals. Oseltamivir was least potent at inhibiting NA activity, while the investigational NA inhibitor AV5080 was most potent, including against NA mutants. A novel NA substitution T438N conferred 12-fold reduced inhibition by zanamivir, and in combination with the known marker N295S, synergistically affected susceptibility to all five NA inhibitors. In cell culture-based assays HINT and IRINA, the PA-I38T virus displayed 75- to 108-fold and 37- to 78-fold reduced susceptibility to CEN inhibitors, baloxavir and the investigational AV5116, respectively. Viruses with PA-I38M or PA-A37T showed 5- to 10-fold reduced susceptibilities. As HPAI A(H5N1) viruses continue to circulate and evolve, close monitoring of drug susceptibility is needed for risk assessment and to inform decisions regarding antiviral stockpiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha T Nguyen
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anton Chesnokov
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Juan De La Cruz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Philippe Noriel Q Pascua
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vasiliy P Mishin
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yunho Jang
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joyce Jones
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Han Di
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Mary Lea Killian
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Mia K Torchetti
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Kristina Lantz
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - David E Wentworth
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles T Davis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexandre V Ivachtchenko
- ChemDiv, 12760 High Bluff Drive, Ste. 370, San Diego, CA 92130, USA; AVISA LLC, 1835 E. Hallandale Beach Blvd, #442, Hallandale Beach, FL 33009, USA
| | - Larisa V Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
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3
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He J, Huang H, Li B, Li H, Zhao Y, Li Y, Ye W, Qi W, Tang W, Wang L. Identification of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1 as a positive regulator of influenza virus replication. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:862205. [PMID: 35928150 PMCID: PMC9343726 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.862205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infection with highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus causes severe respiratory diseases. Currently, the drugs against H5N1 are limited to virus-targeted inhibitors. However, drug resistance caused by these inhibitors is becoming a serious threat to global public health. An alternative strategy to reduce the resistance risk is to develop antiviral drugs targeting host cell proteins. In this study, we demonstrated that cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1 (COX41) of host cell plays an important role in H5N1 infection. Overexpression of COX41 promoted viral replication, which was inhibited by silencing or knockout the expression of COX41 in the host cell. The ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) of H5N1 were retained in the cell nucleus after knockout cellular COX41. Strikingly, inhibition of cellular COX41 by lycorine, a small-molecule compound isolated from Amaryllidaceae plants, reduced the levels of COX41-induced ROS and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in cells, thus resulting in the blockage of nuclear export of vRNP and inhibition of viral replication. In H5N1-infected mice that were treated with lycorine, we observed a reduction of viral titers and inhibition of pathological changes in the lung and trachea tissues. Importantly, no resistant virus was generated after culturing the virus with the continuous treatment of lycorine. Collectively, these findings suggest that COX41 is a positive regulator of H5N1 replication and might serve as an alternative target for anti-influenza drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huibin Huang
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Pharmacy Department, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- National Avian Influenza Professional Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanan Li
- National Avian Influenza Professional Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaolan Li
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wencai Ye
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- National Avian Influenza Professional Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Wang, Wei Tang,
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Wang, Wei Tang,
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Yadav M, Igarashi M, Yamamoto N. Theoretical insights into the molecular mechanism of I117V mutation in neuraminidase mediated reduction of oseltamivir drug susceptibility in A/H5N1 influenza virus. PEERJ PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj-pchem.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The substitution of Ile to Val at residue 117 (I117V) of neuraminidase (NA) reduces the susceptibility of the A/H5N1 influenza virus to oseltamivir (OTV). However, the molecular mechanism by which the I117V mutation affects the intermolecular interactions between NA and OTV has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to analyze the characteristic conformational changes that contribute to the reduced binding affinity of NA to OTV after the I117V mutation. The results of MD simulations revealed that after the I117V mutation in NA, the changes in the secondary structure around the mutation site had a noticeable effect on the residue interactions in the OTV-binding site. In the case of the WT NA-OTV complex, the positively charged side chain of R118, located in the β-sheet region, frequently interacted with the negatively charged side chain of E119, which is an amino acid residue in the OTV-binding site. This can reduce the electrostatic repulsion of E119 toward D151, which is also a negatively charged residue in the OTV-binding site, so that both E119 and D151 simultaneously form hydrogen bonds with OTV more frequently, which greatly contributes to the binding affinity of NA to OTV. After the I117V mutation in NA, the side chain of R118 interacted with the side chain of E119 less frequently, likely because of the decreased tendency of R118 to form a β-sheet structure. As a result, the electrostatic repulsion of E119 toward D151 is greater than that of the WT case, making it difficult for both E119 and D151 to simultaneously form hydrogen bonds with OTV, which in turn reduces the binding affinity of NA to OTV. Hence, after the I117V mutation in NA, influenza viruses are less susceptible to OTV because of conformational changes in residues of R118, E119, and D151 around the mutation site and in the binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Yadav
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Japan
| | - Manabu Igarashi
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norifumi Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Japan
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5
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Jang Y, Seo SH. Age-Dependent Lethality in Ducks Caused by Highly Pathogenic H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060591. [PMID: 32485904 PMCID: PMC7354466 DOI: 10.3390/v12060591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ducks show notably higher resistance to highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses as compared to chickens. Here, we studied the age-dependent susceptibility in ducks to the infections caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. We intranasally infected ducks aged 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks with highly pathogenic H5N6 avian influenza viruses isolated in South Korea in 2016. All the 1-and 2-week-old ducks died after infection, 20% of 3-week-old ducks died, and from the ducks aged 4 and 8 weeks, all of them survived. We performed microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR using total RNA isolated from the lungs of infected 2- and 4-week-old ducks to determine the mechanism underlying the age-dependent susceptibility to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Limited genes were found to be differentially expressed between the lungs of 2- and 4-week-old ducks. Cell damage-related genes, such as CIDEA and ND2, and the immune response-related gene NR4A3 were notably induced in the lungs of infected 2-week-old ducks compared to those in the lungs of infected 4-week-old ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyueng Jang
- Laboratory of Influenza Research and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
- Institute of Influenza Virus, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sang Heui Seo
- Laboratory of Influenza Research and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
- Institute of Influenza Virus, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-7819; Fax: +82-42-821-6762
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6
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Elhakim M, Hafiz Rasooly M, Fahim M, Sheikh Ali S, Haddad N, Cherkaoui I, Hjaija D, Nadeem S, Assiri A, Aljifri A, Elkholy A, Barakat A, Shrestha B, Abubakar A, Malik SMMR. Epidemiology of severe cases of influenza and other acute respiratory infections in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, July 2016 to June 2018. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:423-429. [PMID: 31281105 PMCID: PMC7102678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza surveillance systems in the Eastern Mediterranean Region have been strengthened in the past few years and 16 of the 19 countries in the Region with functional influenza surveillance systems report their influenza data to the EMFLU Network. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of circulating influenza viruses, causing SARI, and reported to the EMFLU during July 2016 to June 2018. METHODS Data included in this study were collected by 15 countries of the Region from 110 SARI sentinel surveillance sites over two influenza seasons. RESULTS A total of 40,917 cases of SARI were included in the study. Most cases [20,551 (50.2%)] were less than 5years of age. Influenza virus was detected in 3995 patients, 2849 (11.8%) were influenza A and 1146 (4.8%) were influenza B. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was the predominant circulating subtype with 1666 cases (58.5%). Other than influenza, respiratory syncytial virus was the most common respiratory infection circulating, with 277 cases (35.9%). CONCLUSION Influenza viruses cause a high number of severe respiratory infections in EMR. It is crucial for the countries to continue improving their influenza surveillance capacity in order detect any unusual influenza activity or new strain that may cause a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elhakim
- Infectious Hazard Management Unit, Department of Health Emergencies, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad Hafiz Rasooly
- Surveillance/National Influenza Coordinator, EHIS DG, Surveillance Department, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Manal Fahim
- Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Preventive Sector, Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sami Sheikh Ali
- Data Analysis Division, Influenza Surveillance Focal Point, Communicable Diseases Directorate, Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nadine Haddad
- Epidemiological Surveillance Program, Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Imad Cherkaoui
- Influenza Surveillance Focal Point, Directorate of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Diaa Hjaija
- Palestinian Ministry of Health, Ramallah, occupied Palestinian territory
| | - Shazia Nadeem
- Public Health Department, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Alanoud Aljifri
- Influenza Surveillance Focal Point, Adult Infectious Disease Consultant, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amgad Elkholy
- Infectious Hazard Management Unit, Department of Health Emergencies, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal Barakat
- Infectious Hazard Management Unit, Department of Health Emergencies, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bhagawan Shrestha
- Infectious Hazard Management Unit, Department of Health Emergencies, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdinasir Abubakar
- Infectious Hazard Management Unit, Department of Health Emergencies, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sk Md Mamunur R Malik
- Infectious Hazard Management Unit, Department of Health Emergencies, World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Suttie A, Deng YM, Greenhill AR, Dussart P, Horwood PF, Karlsson EA. Inventory of molecular markers affecting biological characteristics of avian influenza A viruses. Virus Genes 2019; 55:739-768. [PMID: 31428925 PMCID: PMC6831541 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) circulate globally, spilling over into domestic poultry and causing zoonotic infections in humans. Fortunately, AIVs are not yet capable of causing sustained human-to-human infection; however, AIVs are still a high risk as future pandemic strains, especially if they acquire further mutations that facilitate human infection and/or increase pathogenesis. Molecular characterization of sequencing data for known genetic markers associated with AIV adaptation, transmission, and antiviral resistance allows for fast, efficient assessment of AIV risk. Here we summarize and update the current knowledge on experimentally verified molecular markers involved in AIV pathogenicity, receptor binding, replicative capacity, and transmission in both poultry and mammals with a broad focus to include data available on other AIV subtypes outside of A/H5N1 and A/H7N9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Suttie
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Blvd, PO Box #983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yi-Mo Deng
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew R Greenhill
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Blvd, PO Box #983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Paul F Horwood
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, 5 Monivong Blvd, PO Box #983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
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8
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Novel Mutations Evading Avian Immunity around the Receptor Binding Site of the Clade 2.3.2.1c Hemagglutinin Gene Reduce Viral Thermostability and Mammalian Pathogenicity. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100923. [PMID: 31600990 PMCID: PMC6832455 DOI: 10.3390/v11100923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2007, highly pathogenic clade 2.3.2 H5N1 avian influenza A (A(H5N1)) viruses have evolved to clade 2.3.2.1a, b, and c; currently only 2.3.2.1c A(H5N1) viruses circulate in wild birds and poultry. During antigenic evolution, clade 2.3.2.1a and c A(H5N1) viruses acquired both S144N and V223I mutations around the receptor binding site of hemagglutinin (HA), with S144N generating an N-glycosylation sequon. We introduced single or combined reverse mutations, N144S and/or I223V, into the HA gene of the clade 2.3.2.1c A(H5N1) virus and generated PR8-derived, 2 + 6 recombinant A(H5N1) viruses. When we compared replication efficiency in embryonated chicken eggs, mammalian cells, and mice, the recombinant virus containing both N144S and I223V mutations showed increased replication efficiency in avian and mammalian hosts and pathogenicity in mice. The N144S mutation significantly decreased avian receptor affinity and egg white inhibition, but not all mutations increased mammalian receptor affinity. Interestingly, the combined reverse mutations dramatically increased the thermostability of HA. Therefore, the adaptive mutations possibly acquired to evade avian immunity may decrease viral thermostability as well as mammalian pathogenicity.
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9
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Sun J, Wang J, Yuan X, Wu X, Sui T, Wu A, Cheng G, Jiang T. Regulation of Early Host Immune Responses Shapes the Pathogenicity of Avian Influenza A Virus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2007. [PMID: 31572308 PMCID: PMC6749051 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza A viruses (IAV) can cross the species barrier and cause disease in humans. Understanding the pathogenesis of avian IAV remains a challenge. Interferon-mediated antiviral responses and multiple cytokines production are important host cellular antiviral immunity against IAV infection. To elucidate the pathogenicity of avian IAV, a system approach was adopted to investigate dysregulation of the two host cellular antiviral immune responses in contrast with human IAV. As a result, we revealed that avian IAV not only disrupted normal early host cellular interferon-mediated antiviral responses, but also caused abnormal cytokines production through different pathways. For avian IAV infection, dysregulation of STAT2 was mainly responsible for abnormal cellular interferon-mediated antiviral responses, and IRF5 and NFKB1 played crucial roles in unusual cytokines production. In contrast, for human IAV infection, IRF1, IRF7, and STAT1 contributed to cellular cytokines production. Furthermore, differential activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) likely led to avian IAV-related abnormal early host cellular antiviral immunity, where TLR7 and RIG-I were activated by avian and human IAV, respectively. Finally, a pathogenesis model was proposed that combined of early host cellular interferon-mediated antiviral responses with cytokines production could partly explain the pathogenicity of avian IAV. In conclusion, our study provides a new perspective of the pathogenesis of avian IAV, which will be helpful in preventing their infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiya Sun
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuye Yuan
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Sui
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Wu
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Genhong Cheng
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Taijiao Jiang
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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10
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Rudenko L, Kiseleva I, Krutikova E, Stepanova E, Isakova-Sivak I, Donina S, Rekstin A, Pisareva M, Bazhenova E, Kotomina T, Katelnikova A, Muzhikyan A, Makarov V, Sparrow EG, Torelli G. Two Live Attenuated Vaccines against Recent Low⁻and Highly Pathogenic H7N9 Influenza Viruses Are Safe and Immunogenic in Ferrets. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6040074. [PMID: 30388790 PMCID: PMC6313887 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza H7N9 virus is a potentially pandemic subtype to which most people are immunologically naïve. To be better prepared for the potential occurrence of an H7N9 pandemic, in 2017 the World Health Organization recommended developing candidate vaccine viruses from two new H7N9 viruses, A/Guangdong/17SF003/2016 (A/GD) and A/Hong Kong/125/2017 (A/HK). This report describes the development of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) candidates against A/GD and A/HK viruses and study of their safety and immunogenicity in the ferret model in order to choose the most promising one for a phase I clinical trial. The A/HK-based vaccine candidate (A/17/HK) was developed by classical reassortment in eggs. The A/GD-based vaccine candidate (A/17/GD) was generated by reverse genetics. Ferrets were vaccinated with two doses of LAIV or phosphate-buffered saline. Both H7N9 LAIVs tested were safe for ferrets, as shown by absence of clinical signs, and by virological and histological data; they were immunogenic after a single vaccination. These results provide a compelling argument for further testing of these vaccines in volunteers. Since the A/HK virus represents the cluster that has caused the majority of human cases, and because the A/HK-based LAIV candidate was developed by classical reassortment, this is the preferred candidate for a phase I clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Rudenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia.
| | - Irina Kiseleva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia.
| | - Elena Krutikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia.
| | | | | | - Svetlana Donina
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia.
| | - Andrey Rekstin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia.
| | - Maria Pisareva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia.
| | | | - Tatiana Kotomina
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia.
| | | | - Arman Muzhikyan
- Institute of Preclinical Research Ltd., St. Petersburg 188663, Russia.
| | - Valery Makarov
- Institute of Preclinical Research Ltd., St. Petersburg 188663, Russia.
| | | | - Guido Torelli
- World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Pushko P, Tretyakova I, Hidajat R, Sun X, Belser JA, Tumpey TM. Multi-clade H5N1 virus-like particles: Immunogenicity and protection against H5N1 virus and effects of beta-propiolactone. Vaccine 2018; 36:4346-4353. [PMID: 29885769 PMCID: PMC6070352 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have diversified genetically and antigenically, suggesting the need for multiple H5N1 vaccines. However, preparation of multiple vaccines from live H5N1 HPAI viruses is difficult and economically not feasible representing a challenge for pandemic preparedness. Here we evaluated a novel multi-clade recombinant H5N1 virus-like particle (VLP) design, in which H5 hemagglutinins (HA) and N1 neuraminidase (NA) derived from four distinct clades of H5N1 virus were co-localized within the VLP structure. The multi-clade H5N1 VLPs were prepared by using a recombinant baculovirus expression system and evaluated for functional hemagglutination and neuraminidase enzyme activities, particle size and morphology, as well as for the presence of baculovirus in the purified VLP preparations. To remove residual baculovirus, VLP preparations were treated with beta-propiolactone (BPL). Immunogenicity and efficacy of multi-clade H5N1 VLPs were determined in an experimental ferret H5N1 HPAI challenge model, to ascertain the effect of BPL on immunogenicity and protective efficacy against lethal challenge. Although treatment with BPL reduced immunogenicity of VLPs, all vaccinated ferrets were protected from lethal challenge with influenza A/VietNam/1203/2004 (H5N1) HPAI virus, indicating that multi-clade VLP preparations treated with BPL represent a potential approach for pandemic preparedness vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pushko
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
| | - Irina Tretyakova
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Rachmat Hidajat
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Xiangjie Sun
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica A Belser
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Terrence M Tumpey
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E, Atlanta, GA, USA
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12
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Widdowson MA, Bresee JS, Jernigan DB. The Global Threat of Animal Influenza Viruses of Zoonotic Concern: Then and Now. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:S493-S498. [PMID: 28934463 PMCID: PMC7313897 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal influenza viruses can reassort or mutate to infect and spread sustainably among people and cause a devastating worldwide pandemic. Since the first evidence of human infection with an animal influenza virus, in 1958, 16 different novel, zoonotic influenza A virus subtype groups in 29 countries, Taiwan, and Hong Kong have caused human infections, with differing severity and frequency. The frequency of novel influenza virus detection is increasing, and human infections with influenza A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) viruses are now annual seasonal occurrences in Asia. The study of the epidemiology and virology of animal influenza viruses is key to understanding pandemic risk and informing preparedness. This supplement brings together select recent articles that look at the risk of emergence and transmission of and approaches to prevent novel influenza virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Alain Widdowson
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya.,Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joseph S Bresee
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
| | - Daniel B Jernigan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
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