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Leonard J, Kepplinger D, Espina V, Gillevet P, Ke Y, Birukov KG, Doctor A, Hoemann CD. Whole blood coagulation in an ex vivo thrombus is sufficient to induce clot neutrophils to adopt a myeloid-derived suppressor cell signature and shed soluble Lox-1. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:1031-1045. [PMID: 38135253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood clots are living tissues that release inflammatory mediators including IL-8/CXCL8 and MCP-1/CCL2. A deeper understanding of blood clots is needed to develop new therapies for prothrombotic disease states and regenerative medicine. OBJECTIVES To identify a common transcriptional shift in cultured blood clot leukocytes. METHODS Differential gene expression of whole blood and cultured clots (4 hours at 37 °C) was assessed by RNA sequencing (RNAseq), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, proteomics, and histology (23 diverse healthy human donors). Cultured clot serum bioactivity was tested in endothelial barrier functional assays. RESULTS All cultured clots developed a polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell (PMN-MDSC) signature, including up-regulation of OLR1 (mRNA encoding lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 [Lox-1]), IL-8/CXCL8, CXCL2, CCL2, IL10, IL1A, SPP1, TREM1, and DUSP4/MKP. Lipopolysaccharide enhanced PMN-MDSC gene expression and specifically induced a type II interferon response with IL-6 production. Lox-1 was specifically expressed by cultured clot CD15+ neutrophils. Cultured clot neutrophils, but not activated platelets, shed copious amounts of soluble Lox-1 (sLox-1) with a donor-dependent amplitude. sLox-1 shedding was enhanced by phorbol ester and suppressed by heparin and by beta-glycerol phosphate, a phosphatase inhibitor. Cultured clot serum significantly enhanced endothelial cell monolayer barrier function, consistent with a proresolving bioactivity. CONCLUSION This study suggests that PMN-MDSC activation is part of the innate immune response to coagulation which may have a protective role in inflammation. The cultured blood clot is an innovative thrombus model that can be used to study both sterile and nonsterile inflammatory states and could be used as a personalized medicine tool for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Leonard
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - David Kepplinger
- Department of Statistics, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Virginia Espina
- Department of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Pat Gillevet
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Yunbo Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Allan Doctor
- Departments of Pediatrics & Bioengineering and Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caroline D Hoemann
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA.
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Hu H, Ng TS, Kang M, Scott E, Li R, Quintana JM, Matvey D, Vantaku VR, Weissleder R, Parangi S, Miller MA. Thyroid Cancers Exhibit Oncogene-Enhanced Macropinocytosis that Is Restrained by IGF1R and Promote Albumin-Drug Conjugate Response. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3457-3470. [PMID: 37289199 PMCID: PMC10527034 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oncogene-driven macropinocytosis fuels nutrient scavenging in some cancer types, yet whether this occurs in thyroid cancers with prominent MAPK-ERK and PI3K pathway mutations remains unclear. We hypothesized that understanding links between thyroid cancer signaling and macropinocytosis might uncover new therapeutic strategies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Macropinocytosis was assessed across cells derived from papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), non-malignant follicular thyroid, and aggressive anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), by imaging fluorescent dextran and serum albumin. The impacts of ectopic BRAFV600E and mutant RAS, genetic PTEN silencing, and inhibitors targeting RET, BRAF, and MEK kinases were quantified. BrafV600E p53-/- ATC tumors in immunocompetent mice were used to measure efficacy of an albumin-drug conjugate comprising microtubule-destabilizing monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) linked to serum albumin via a cathepsin-cleavable peptide (Alb-vc-MMAE). RESULTS FTC and ATC cells showed greater macropinocytosis than non-malignant and PTC cells. ATC tumors accumulated albumin at 8.8% injected dose per gram tissue. Alb-vc-MMAE, but not MMAE alone, reduced tumor size by >90% (P < 0.01). ATC macropinocytosis depended on MAPK/ERK activity and nutrient signaling, and increased by up to 230% with metformin, phenformin, or inhibition of IGF1Ri in monoculture but not in vivo. Macrophages also accumulated albumin and express the cognate IGF1R ligand, IGF1, which reduced ATC responsiveness to IGF1Ri. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify regulated oncogene-driven macropinocytosis in thyroid cancers and demonstrate the potential of designing albumin-bound drugs to efficiently treat them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Hu
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China
| | - Thomas S.C. Ng
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Mikyung Kang
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Ella Scott
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States
| | - Ran Li
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Jeremy M. Quintana
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Dylan Matvey
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States
| | - Venkata R. Vantaku
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Sareh Parangi
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Miles A. Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
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3
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Jing M, Chen X, Qiu H, He W, Zhou Y, Li D, Wang D, Jiao Y, Liu A. Insights into the immunomodulatory regulation of matrix metalloproteinase at the maternal-fetal interface during early pregnancy and pregnancy-related diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1067661. [PMID: 36700222 PMCID: PMC9869165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1067661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast immune cell interactions are central events in the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface. Their abnormalities are potential causes of various pregnancy complications, including pre-eclampsia and recurrent spontaneous abortion. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is highly homologous, zinc(II)-containing metalloproteinase involved in altered uterine hemodynamics, closely associated with uterine vascular remodeling. However, the interactions between MMP and the immune microenvironment remain unclear. Here we discuss the key roles and potential interplay of MMP with the immune microenvironment in the embryo implantation process and pregnancy-related diseases, which may contribute to understanding the establishment and maintenance of normal pregnancy and providing new therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have shown that several tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) effectively prevent invasive vascular disease by modulating the activity of MMP. We summarize the main findings of these studies and suggest the possibility of TIMPs as emerging biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for a range of complications induced by abnormalities in the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface. MMP and TIMPs are promising targets for developing new immunotherapies to treat pregnancy-related diseases caused by immune imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Jing
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics, Hangzhou Fuyang Women And Children Hospital, Fuyang, China
| | - Weihua He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Reproduction, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dimin Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yonghui Jiao, ; Dimin Wang, ; Aixia Liu,
| | - Yonghui Jiao
- Department of Reproduction, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China,*Correspondence: Yonghui Jiao, ; Dimin Wang, ; Aixia Liu,
| | - Aixia Liu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Department of Reproduction, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China,*Correspondence: Yonghui Jiao, ; Dimin Wang, ; Aixia Liu,
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Liu C, Zhu J, Mi Y, Jin T. Impact of disease-modifying therapy on dendritic cells and exploring their immunotherapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:298. [PMID: 36510261 PMCID: PMC9743681 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which play a pivotal role in inducing either inflammatory or tolerogenic response based on their subtypes and environmental signals. Emerging evidence indicates that DCs are critical for initiation and progression of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Current disease-modifying therapies (DMT) for MS can significantly affect DCs' functions. However, the study on the impact of DMT on DCs is rare, unlike T and B lymphocytes that are the most commonly discussed targets of these therapies. Induction of tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) with powerful therapeutic potential has been well-established to combat autoimmune responses in laboratory models and early clinical trials. In contrast to in vitro tolDC induction, in vivo elicitation by specifically targeting multiple cell-surface receptors has shown greater promise with more advantages. Here, we summarize the role of DCs in governing immune tolerance and in the process of initiating and perpetuating MS as well as the effects of current DMT drugs on DCs. We then highlight the most promising cell-surface receptors expressed on DCs currently being explored as the viable pharmacological targets through antigen delivery to generate tolDCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Liu
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrcs, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yan Mi
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Jin
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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5
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Jiao MN, Zhang TM, Yang K, Xu ZY, Zhang GM, Tian YY, Liu H, Yan YB. Absorbance or organization into ankylosis: a microarray analysis of haemarthrosis in a sheep model of temporomandibular joint trauma. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:668. [PMID: 34961493 PMCID: PMC8713393 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-02033-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic haemarthrosis was hypothesized to be the etiology of temporomandibular (TMJ) ankylosis. Here, taking haematoma absorbance as a control, we aimed to reveal the molecular mechanisms involved in haematoma organizing into ankylosis using transcriptome microarray profiles. Material/methods Disk removal was performed to building haematoma absorbance (HA) in one side of TMJ, while removal of disk and articular fibrous layers was performed to induced TMJ ankylosis through haematoma organization (HO) in the contralateral side in a sheep model. Haematoma tissues harvested at days 1, 4 and 7 postoperatively were examined by histology, and analyzed by Affymetrix OviGene-1_0-ST microarrays. The DAVID were recruited to perform the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis for the different expression genes (DEGs). The DEGs were also typed into protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks to get the interaction data. Six significant genes screened from PPI analysis, were confirmed by real-time PCR. Results We found 268, 223 and 17 DEGs at least twofold at days 1, 4 and 7, respectively. At day 1, genes promoting collagen ossification (POSTN, BGN, LUM, SPARC), cell proliferation (TGF-β), and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (BMP-2) were up-regulated in the HO side. At day 4, several genes involved in angiogenesis (KDR, FIT1, TEK) shower higher expression in the HO side. While HA was characterized by a continuous immune and inflammatory reaction. Conclusions Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of haematoma in the onset and progress of TMJ ankylosis. The study will contribute to explaining why few injured TMJs ankylose and most do not from the molecular level. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-02033-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai-Ning Jiao
- Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qi-xiang-tai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300041, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Mei Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qi-xiang-tai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300041, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, China Three Gorges University Affiliated Renhe Hospital, 410 Yiling Ave, Hubei, 443001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yuan Xu
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300041, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Meng Zhang
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300041, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Tian
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300041, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300041, People's Republic of China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying-Bin Yan
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300041, People's Republic of China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300041, People's Republic of China.
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Recent Progress in Dendritic Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102495. [PMID: 34065346 PMCID: PMC8161242 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer immunotherapy has now attracted much attention because of the recent success of immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, they are only beneficial in a limited fraction of patients most probably due to lack of sufficient CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes against tumor antigens in the host. In this regard, dendritic cells are useful tools to induce host immune responses against exogenous antigens. In particular, recently characterized cross-presenting dendritic cells are capable of inducing CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes against exogenous antigens such as tumor antigens and uniquely express the chemokine receptor XCR1. Here we focus on the recent progress in DC-based cancer vaccines and especially the use of the XCR1 and its ligand XCL1 axis for the targeted delivery of cancer vaccines to cross-presenting dendritic cells. Abstract Cancer immunotherapy aims to treat cancer by enhancing cancer-specific host immune responses. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has been attracting much attention because of the successful clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways. However, although highly effective in some patients, immune checkpoint inhibitors are beneficial only in a limited fraction of patients, possibly because of the lack of enough cancer-specific immune cells, especially CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), in the host. On the other hand, studies on cancer vaccines, especially DC-based ones, have made significant progress in recent years. In particular, the identification and characterization of cross-presenting DCs have greatly advanced the strategy for the development of effective DC-based vaccines. In this review, we first summarize the surface markers and functional properties of the five major DC subsets. We then describe new approaches to induce antigen-specific CTLs by targeted delivery of antigens to cross-presenting DCs. In this context, the chemokine receptor XCR1 and its ligand XCL1, being selectively expressed by cross-presenting DCs and mainly produced by activated CD8+ T cells, respectively, provide highly promising molecular tools for this purpose. In the near future, CTL-inducing DC-based cancer vaccines may provide a new breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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7
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Zhao L, Jin W, Cruz JG, Marasini N, Khalil ZG, Capon RJ, Hussein WM, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Development of Polyelectrolyte Complexes for the Delivery of Peptide-Based Subunit Vaccines against Group A Streptococcus. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E823. [PMID: 32357402 PMCID: PMC7712447 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptide subunit vaccines hold great potential compared to traditional vaccines. However, peptides alone are poorly immunogenic. Therefore, it is of great importance that a vaccine delivery platform and/or adjuvant that enhances the immunogenicity of peptide antigens is developed. Here, we report the development of two different systems for the delivery of lipopeptide subunit vaccine (LCP-1) against group A streptococcus: polymer-coated liposomes and polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). First, LCP-1-loaded and alginate/trimethyl chitosan (TMC)-coated liposomes (Lip-1) and LCP-1/alginate/TMC PECs (PEC-1) were examined for their ability to trigger required immune responses in outbred Swiss mice; PEC-1 induced stronger humoral immune responses than Lip-1. To further assess the adjuvanting effect of anionic polymers in PECs, a series of PECs (PEC-1 to PEC-5) were prepared by mixing LCP-1 with different anionic polymers, namely alginate, chondroitin sulfate, dextran, hyaluronic acid, and heparin, then coated with TMC. All produced PECs had similar particle sizes (around 200 nm) and surface charges (around + 30 mV). Notably, PEC-5, which contained heparin, induced higher antigen-specific systemic IgG and mucosal IgA titers than all other PECs. PEC systems, especially when containing heparin and TMC, could function as a promising platform for peptide-based subunit vaccine delivery for intranasal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhao
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (L.Z.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (W.M.H.)
| | - Wanli Jin
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (L.Z.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (W.M.H.)
| | - Jazmina Gonzalez Cruz
- Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Nirmal Marasini
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (L.Z.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (W.M.H.)
| | - Zeinab G. Khalil
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.G.K.); (R.J.C.)
| | - Robert J. Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.G.K.); (R.J.C.)
| | - Waleed M. Hussein
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (L.Z.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (W.M.H.)
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (L.Z.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (W.M.H.)
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (L.Z.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (W.M.H.)
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.G.K.); (R.J.C.)
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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8
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Proteomic analyses reveal that Orf virus induces the activation and maturation of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:563-573. [PMID: 32466866 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV) is known for its immunostimulatory capacities and has been utilized as an efficient viral vector vaccine in non-permissive host species. Murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) are able to react with ORFV. In this study, we aimed to identify pivotal differentially expressed proteins involved in the process of DCs' differentiation in response to ORFV. Our findings showed that ORFV activates the maturation and differentiation of DCs. We further identified and validated seven differentially expressed proteins following ORFV stimulation. With functions in biological processes such as stimulus response, DCs maturation, antigen presentation and Th1 cell activation. Western blot analyses validated the respective changes in protein expression. The huge number of differentially expressed proteins identified in this study will be valuable for elucidating the mechanisms underlying ORFV-induced immunomodulation of murine BMDCs.
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9
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Arlt A, von Bonin F, Rehberg T, Perez-Rubio P, Engelmann JC, Limm K, Reinke S, Dullin C, Sun X, Specht R, Maulhardt M, Linke F, Bunt G, Klapper W, Vockerodt M, Wilting J, Pukrop T, Dettmer K, Gronwald W, Oefner PJ, Spang R, Kube D. High CD206 levels in Hodgkin lymphoma-educated macrophages are linked to matrix-remodeling and lymphoma dissemination. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:571-589. [PMID: 31825135 PMCID: PMC7053241 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mφ) are abundantly present in the tumor microenvironment and may predict outcome in solid tumors and defined lymphoma subtypes. Mφ heterogeneity, the mechanisms of their recruitment, and their differentiation into lymphoma‐promoting, alternatively activated M2‐like phenotypes are still not fully understood. Therefore, further functional studies are required to understand biological mechanisms associated with human tumor‐associated Mφ (TAM). Here, we show that the global mRNA expression and protein abundance of human Mφ differentiated in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)‐conditioned medium (CM) differ from those of Mφ educated by conditioned media from diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells or, classically, by macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF). Conditioned media from HL cells support TAM differentiation through upregulation of surface antigens such as CD40, CD163, CD206, and PD‐L1. In particular, RNA and cell surface protein expression of mannose receptor 1 (MRC1)/CD206 significantly exceed the levels induced by classical M‐CSF stimulation in M2‐like Mφ; this is regulated by interleukin 13 to a large extent. Functionally, high CD206 enhances mannose‐dependent endocytosis and uptake of type I collagen. Together with high matrix metalloprotease9 secretion, HL‐TAMs appear to be active modulators of the tumor matrix. Preclinical in ovo models show that co‐cultures of HL cells with monocytes or Mφ support dissemination of lymphoma cells via lymphatic vessels, while tumor size and vessel destruction are decreased in comparison with lymphoma‐only tumors. Immunohistology of human HL tissues reveals a fraction of cases feature large numbers of CD206‐positive cells, with high MRC1 expression being characteristic of HL‐stage IV. In summary, the lymphoma‐TAM interaction contributes to matrix‐remodeling and lymphoma cell dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekatrin Arlt
- Clinic of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany.,Network BMBF eMed MMML-Demonstrators, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frederike von Bonin
- Clinic of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Rehberg
- Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paula Perez-Rubio
- Network BMBF eMed MMML-Demonstrators, Regensburg, Germany.,Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia C Engelmann
- Network BMBF eMed MMML-Demonstrators, Regensburg, Germany.,Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Limm
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Reinke
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section, UKSH Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Dullin
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xueni Sun
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rieke Specht
- Clinic of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Maulhardt
- Clinic of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Linke
- Clinic of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gertrude Bunt
- Clinical Optical Microscopy, Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Department of Pathology, Hematopathology Section, UKSH Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Martina Vockerodt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Wilting
- Network BMBF eMed MMML-Demonstrators, Regensburg, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Pukrop
- Network BMBF eMed MMML-Demonstrators, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Dettmer
- Network BMBF eMed MMML-Demonstrators, Regensburg, Germany.,Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Gronwald
- Network BMBF eMed MMML-Demonstrators, Regensburg, Germany.,Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter J Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Spang
- Network BMBF eMed MMML-Demonstrators, Regensburg, Germany.,Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Kube
- Clinic of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Germany.,Network BMBF eMed MMML-Demonstrators, Regensburg, Germany
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10
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Parra-Sánchez H, Bustamante-Córdova L, Reséndiz M, Mata-Haro V, Pinelli-Saavedra A, Hernández J. Analysis of Swine Conventional Dendritic Cells, DEC205 +CD172a +/-CADM1 +, from Blood and Spleen in Response to PRRSV and PEDV. Viruses 2019; 11:v11111001. [PMID: 31683569 PMCID: PMC6893809 DOI: 10.3390/v11111001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) cannot be infected by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) but respond to infection via cytokine production, indicating a possible role in initiation/regulation of the immune response against PRRSV. In this work, we evaluated the responses of splenic and blood cDCs, with DEC205+CADM1+CD172a+/− phenotype, as well as those of CD163+ cells against PRRSV and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Both populations were incubated in the presence of PRRSV or PEDV with and without naïve CD3+ T cells, and cytokine responses were evaluated by qPCR and ELISA. Our results showed that cDCs, but not CD163+ cells, produced IL-12 in response to PRRSV. PEDV did not induce IL-12 production. Cocultures of cDCs and autologous naïve CD3+ cells resulted in decreased IL-12 production and low expression of IFN-γ transcripts in response to PRRSV. Interestingly, cDCs increased the proliferation of naïve T cells in the presence of PRRSV compared with that achieved with monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Cocultures of CD163+ cells induced IL-10 and IL-4 expression in the presence of PRRSV and PEDV, respectively. In conclusion, cDCs can selectively produce IL-12 in response to PRRSV but poorly participate in the activation of naïve T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Parra-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Kilómetro 0.6 carretera la Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Lorena Bustamante-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Kilómetro 0.6 carretera la Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Mónica Reséndiz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Kilómetro 0.6 carretera la Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Verónica Mata-Haro
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Kilómetro 0.6 carretera la Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Araceli Pinelli-Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Kilómetro 0.6 carretera la Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Kilómetro 0.6 carretera la Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico.
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11
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Fluorescent Labeling of Polysaccharides from Masson Pine Pollen and Its Effect on RAW264.7 Macrophages. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10040372. [PMID: 30966407 PMCID: PMC6415049 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the immediate effect of polysaccharides and macrophages, polysaccharides from masson pine pollen (PPM60) were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) by using a chemical-derived method, and the reactant was named PPM60-Tyr-FITC. Direct interaction of PPM60-Tyr-FITC and RAW264.7 macrophages could be detected by flow cytometer (FCM), and this interaction could be inhibited by Pitstop 2 (clathrin inhibitor) and TAK-242 (Toll-like receptor 4 inhibitor). The results of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) also revealed that there was a co-localization phenomenon between PPM60-Tyr-FITC and RAW264.7 macrophage receptors, and it could be suppressed by Pitstop 2 and TAK-242. It was confirmed that PPM60 enters into RAW264.7 macrophages mainly through endocytosis, rather than the phagocytosis, and TLR4 played a mediating role.
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12
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Romoli MR, Di Gennaro P, Gerlini G, Sestini S, Brandani P, Ferrone S, Borgognoni L. High Antigen Processing Machinery component expression in Langerhans cells from melanoma patients' sentinel lymph nodes. Cell Immunol 2017; 320:29-37. [PMID: 28870403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) from melanoma patients sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) are poor T cell activators mostly due to an immature immunophenotype. However Antigen Presenting Machinery (APM) role is unknown. We investigated HLA-class I APM components (Delta, LMP-7/10, TAP-1, Calnexin, Tapasin, β2-microglobulin and HLA-A,B,C) in LCs from healthy donors skin and melanoma patients SLN. APM component levels were low in immature epidermal LCs and significantly increased after maturation (p<0.05); their levels were significantly high in SLN LCs (p<0.01). APM component expression correlated with melanoma Breslow's thickness and SLN metastases: HLA-A,B,C level was significantly lower in SLN LCs from thick lesions patients compared with those from thin/intermediate lesions (p<0.05); β2-microglobulin level was significantly higher in positive SLN LCs compared to negative ones (p<0.05). Functionally, SLN LCs did not phagocytose exogenous antigens. These findings extend LCs knowledge indicating that they are not fully impaired by melanoma, contributing to design new LCs-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Raffaella Romoli
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Tuscan Tumour Institute (ITT) - S.M. Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Di Gennaro
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Tuscan Tumour Institute (ITT) - S.M. Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy; Dept. Surgery and Translational Medicine, Dermatology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Gianni Gerlini
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Tuscan Tumour Institute (ITT) - S.M. Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Sestini
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Tuscan Tumour Institute (ITT) - S.M. Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Brandani
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Tuscan Tumour Institute (ITT) - S.M. Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Dept. Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Borgognoni
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Regional Melanoma Referral Center and Melanoma & Skin Cancer Unit, Tuscan Tumour Institute (ITT) - S.M. Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
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13
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Zhang W, An M, Xi J, Liu H. Targeting CpG Adjuvant to Lymph Node via Dextran Conjugate Enhances Antitumor Immunotherapy. Bioconjug Chem 2017. [PMID: 28644608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid based adjuvants recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLR) are potent immune system stimulants that can augment the antitumor immune responses in an antigen-specific manner. However, their clinical uses as vaccine adjuvants are limited primarily due to lack of accumulation in the lymph nodes, the anatomic sites where the immune responses are initiated. Here, we showed that chemical conjugation of type B CpG DNA, a TLR9 agonist to dextran polymer dramatically enhanced CpG's lymph node accumulation in mice. Dextran conjugation did not alter CpG ODN's uptake, internalization, and bioactivity in vitro. Delivery of Dextran-CpG conjugate markedly increased the uptake by antigen presenting cells in the lymph nodes and enhanced CD8+ T cell responses primed by protein vaccines, leading to improved therapeutic antitumor immunity. Furthermore, immunization with Dextran-CpG mixed with necrotic whole tumor cells induced a protective antitumor response in a murine model, suggesting that this approach was not limited to molecularly defined antigens. This simple method might also be applicable for the delivery of many other nucleic acid based adjuvants in cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Myunggi An
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jingchao Xi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States.,Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
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14
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Kuznetsova M, Lopatnikova J, Khantakova J, Maksyutov R, Maksyutov A, Sennikov S. Generation of populations of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells using DCs transfected with DNA construct encoding HER2/neu tumor antigen epitopes. BMC Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28633645 PMCID: PMC5479015 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent fundamental and clinical studies have confirmed the effectiveness of utilizing the potential of the immune system to remove tumor cells disseminated in a patient's body. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are considered the main effectors in cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Approaches based on antigen presentation to CTLs by dendritic cells (DCs) are currently being intensively studied, because DCs are more efficient in tumor antigen presentation to T cells through their initiation of strong specific antitumor immune responses than other types of antigen-presenting cells. Today, it has become possible to isolate CTLs specific for certain antigenic determinants from heterogeneous populations of mononuclear cells. This enables direct and specific cell-mediated immune responses against cells carrying certain antigens. The aim of the present study was to develop an optimized protocol for generating CTL populations specific for epitopes of tumor-associated antigen HER2/neu, and to assess their cytotoxic effects against the HER2/neu-expressing MCF-7 tumor cell line. METHODS The developed protocol included sequential stages of obtaining mature DCs from PBMCs from HLA A*02-positive healthy donors, magnet-assisted transfection of mature DCs with the pMax plasmid encoding immunogenic peptides HER2 p369-377 (E75 peptide) and HER2 p689-697 (E88 peptide), coculture of antigen-activated DCs with autologous lymphocytes, magnetic-activated sorting of CTLs specific to HER2 epitopes, and stimulation of isolated CTLs with cytokines (IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15). RESULTS The resulting CTL populations were characterized by high contents of CD8+ cells (71.5% in cultures of E88-specific T cells and 90.2% in cultures of E75-specific T cells) and displayed strong cytotoxic effects against the MCF-7 cell line (percentages of damaged tumor cells in samples under investigation were 60.2 and 65.7% for E88- and E75-specific T cells, respectively; level of spontaneous death of target cells was 17.9%). CONCLUSIONS The developed protocol improves the efficiency of obtaining HER2/neu-specific CTLs and can be further used to obtain cell-based vaccines for eradicating targeted tumor cells to prevent tumor recurrence after the major tumor burden has been eliminated and preventing metastasis in patients with HER2-overexpressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology", Yadrintsevskaya str., 14, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia
| | - Julia Lopatnikova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology", Yadrintsevskaya str., 14, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia
| | - Julia Khantakova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology", Yadrintsevskaya str., 14, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia
| | - Rinat Maksyutov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559, Russia
| | - Amir Maksyutov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology", Yadrintsevskaya str., 14, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia.,State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559, Russia
| | - Sergey Sennikov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology", Yadrintsevskaya str., 14, Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia.
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15
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Szulc-Dąbrowska L, Struzik J, Ostrowska A, Guzera M, Toka FN, Bossowska-Nowicka M, Gieryńska MM, Winnicka A, Nowak Z, Niemiałtowski MG. Functional paralysis of GM-CSF-derived bone marrow cells productively infected with ectromelia virus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179166. [PMID: 28604814 PMCID: PMC5467855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectromelia virus (ECTV) is an orthopoxvirus responsible for mousepox, a lethal disease of certain strains of mice that is similar to smallpox in humans, caused by variola virus (VARV). ECTV, similar to VARV, exhibits a narrow host range and has co-evolved with its natural host. Consequently, ECTV employs sophisticated and host-specific strategies to control the immune cells that are important for induction of antiviral immune response. In the present study we investigated the influence of ECTV infection on immune functions of murine GM-CSF-derived bone marrow cells (GM-BM), comprised of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and macrophages. Our results showed for the first time that ECTV is able to replicate productively in GM-BM and severely impaired their innate and adaptive immune functions. Infected GM-BM exhibited dramatic changes in morphology and increased apoptosis during the late stages of infection. Moreover, GM-BM cells were unable to uptake and process antigen, reach full maturity and mount a proinflammatory response. Inhibition of cytokine/chemokine response may result from the alteration of nuclear translocation of NF-κB, IRF3 and IRF7 transcription factors and down-regulation of many genes involved in TLR, RLR, NLR and type I IFN signaling pathways. Consequently, GM-BM show inability to stimulate proliferation of purified allogeneic CD4+ T cells in a primary mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). Taken together, our data clearly indicate that ECTV induces immunosuppressive mechanisms in GM-BM leading to their functional paralysis, thus compromising their ability to initiate downstream T-cell activation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Szulc-Dąbrowska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Justyna Struzik
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Guzera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Felix N. Toka
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Magdalena Bossowska-Nowicka
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata M. Gieryńska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Winnicka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Nowak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek G. Niemiałtowski
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Griffin JI, Benchimol MJ, Simberg D. Longitudinal monitoring of skin accumulation of nanocarriers and biologicals with fiber optic near infrared fluorescence spectroscopy (FONIRS). J Control Release 2017; 247:167-174. [PMID: 28069552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Systemically injected drug delivery systems distribute into various organs and tissues, including liver, spleen and kidneys. Recent reports pointed out a significant accumulation of systemically injected nanoparticles in the skin. Skin constitutes the largest organ in the body with important immune functions, and accumulation of drug delivery systems could have significant implications for skin toxicity in living subjects. Fiber optic-based near-infrared spectroscopy (FONIRS) setup was developed and tested for measuring of NIR (760nm excitation) emission spectra in the skin. Ex vivo spectral measurements of NIR fluorescence through the skin showed linear response down to 34 femtomole of dye DiR. Following systemic injection of IRDye 800 labeled 500kDa dextran, FONIRS detected an immediate and stable accumulation of fluorescence in the skin. Longitudinal monitoring of skin accumulation and elimination of IRDye 800-labeled therapeutic anti-epidermal growth factor antibody (cetuximab) showed significant signal in the skin after the antibody cleared from circulation. Comparison of skin accumulation of DiR labeled, long-circulating PEGylated liposomes with short-circulating non-PEGylated liposomes showed much higher accumulation of PEGylated liposomes that persisted several days after the liposomes cleared from blood. Measurements with FONIRS enabled to estimate skin concentration of liposomes (percent of injected dose per gram). This simple and practical approach can be used to monitor accumulation of drug delivery systems in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James I Griffin
- The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Dmitri Simberg
- The Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 East Montview Blvd., Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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17
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Marasini N, Giddam AK, Khalil ZG, Hussein WM, Capon RJ, Batzloff MR, Good MF, Toth I, Skwarczynski M. Double adjuvanting strategy for peptide-based vaccines: trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles for lipopeptide delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:3223-3235. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop novel polymer-based nanoscale delivery system for lipopeptide-based vaccine against group A Streptococcus (GAS). Materials & methods: Four types of lipopeptide antigen-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NP) were prepared. NP were accessed for their capacity to be taken up by dendritic cells; effect on dendritic cell maturation; ability to induce mucosal and systemic immunity; and capability to induce antibody responses that opsonize GAS bacteria. Results & discussion: The combination of adjuvanting properties of lipopeptides and dextran/trimethyl chitosan-based NP had a synergistic effect on humoral immunity, and the produced antibodies showed high opsonic activity against clinical GAS isolates. Conclusion: Biocompatible NP-bearing trimethyl chitosan and dextran are efficient as mucosal adjuvants for the intranasal delivery of lipopeptide-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Marasini
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ashwini K Giddam
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zeinab G Khalil
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J Capon
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael R Batzloff
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Michael F Good
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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18
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Rancan F, Giulbudagian M, Jurisch J, Blume-Peytavi U, Calderón M, Vogt A. Drug delivery across intact and disrupted skin barrier: Identification of cell populations interacting with penetrated thermoresponsive nanogels. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 116:4-11. [PMID: 27865989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscaled soft particles, such as nanogels, can be designed to incorporate different types of compounds and release them in a controlled and triggered manner. Thermoresponsive nanogels (tNG), releasing their cargo above a defined temperature, are promising carrier systems for inflammatory skin diseases, where the temperature of diseased skin differs from that of healthy skin areas. In this study a polyglycerol-based tNG with diameter of 156nm was investigated for penetration and release properties upon topical application on ex vivo human skin with intact or disrupted barrier. Furthermore, temperature-triggered effects and the internalization of tNG by skin cells upon translocation to the viable skin layers were analyzed. The investigated tNG were tagged with indodicarbocyanine and loaded with fluorescein, so that fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry could be used to evaluate simultaneously particle penetration and release of the fluorochrome. Topically applied tNG penetrated into the SC of both intact and disrupted skin explants. Only in barrier-disrupted skin significant amounts of released fluorochrome and tNG penetrated in the epidermis and dermis 2h after topical application. When a thermal trigger was applied by infrared radiation (30s, 3.9mJ/cm2), a significantly higher penetration of tNG in the SC and release of the dye in the epidermis were detected with respect to non-triggered samples. Penetrated tNG particles were internalized by skin cells in both epidermis and dermis. Only few CD1a-positive Langerhans cells associated with tNG were found in the epidermis. However, in the dermis a significant percentage of cells associated with tNG were identified to be antigen presenting cells, i.e. HLA-DR+and CD206+cells. Thus, tNG represent promising carrier systems for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, not only because of their improved penetration and controlled release properties, but also because of their ability to effectively reach dermal dendritic cells in barrier-disrupted skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rancan
- Clinical Research Center of Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - M Giulbudagian
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Jurisch
- Clinical Research Center of Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - U Blume-Peytavi
- Clinical Research Center of Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Calderón
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Vogt
- Clinical Research Center of Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Liu WC, Lin YL, Spearman M, Cheng PY, Butler M, Wu SC. Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins with Different N-Glycan Patterns Activate Dendritic Cells In Vitro. J Virol 2016; 90:6085-6096. [PMID: 27099319 PMCID: PMC4907228 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00452-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) N-glycans play important regulatory roles in the control of virus virulence, antigenicity, receptor-binding specificity, and viral escape from the immune response. Considered essential for controlling innate and adaptive immune responses against influenza virus infections, dendritic cells (DCs) trigger proinflammatory and adaptive immune responses in hosts. In this study, we engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines expressing recombinant HA from pandemic H1, H5, and H7 influenza viruses. rH1HA, rH5HA, and rH7HA were obtained as wild-type proteins or in the presence of kifunensine (KIF) or further with endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase-treated KIF (KIF+E) to generate single-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) N-glycans consisting of (i) terminally sialylated complex-type N-glycans, (ii) high-mannose-type N-glycans, and (iii) single-GlcNAc-type N-glycans. Our results show that high-mannose-type and single-GlcNAc-type N-glycans, but not complex-type N-glycans, are capable of inducing more active hIL12 p40, hIL12 p70, and hIL-10 production in human DCs. Significantly higher HLA-DR, CD40, CD83, and CD86 expression levels, as well reduced endocytotic capacity in human DCs, were noted in the high-mannose-type rH1HA and single-GlcNAc-type rH1HA groups than in the complex-type N-glycan rH1HA group. Our data indicate that native avian rHA proteins (H5N1 and H7N9) are more immunostimulatory than human rHA protein (pH1N1). The high-mannose-type or single-GlcNAc-type N-glycans of both avian and human HA types are more stimulatory than the complex-type N-glycans. HA-stimulated DC activation was accomplished partially through a mannose receptor(s). These results provide more understanding of the contribution of glycosylation of viral proteins to the immune responses and may have implications for vaccine development. IMPORTANCE Influenza viruses trigger seasonal epidemics or pandemics with mild-to-severe consequences for human and poultry populations. DCs are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells, which play a crucial role in the link between innate and adaptive immunity. In this study, we obtained stable-expression CHO cells to produce rH1HA, rH5HA, and rH7HA proteins containing distinct N-glycan patterns. These rHA proteins, each with a distinct N-glycan pattern, were used to investigate interactions with mouse and human DCs. Our data indicate that native avian rHA proteins (H5N1 and H7N9) are more immunostimulatory than human rHA protein (pH1N1). High-mannose-type and single-GlcNAc-type N-glycans were more effective than complex-type N-glycans in triggering mouse and human DC activation and maturation. We believe these results provide some useful information for influenza vaccine development regarding how influenza virus HA proteins with different types of N-glycans activate DCs.
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MESH Headings
- Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- B7-2 Antigen/genetics
- Birds
- CD40 Antigens/genetics
- CHO Cells
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/physiology
- HLA-DR Antigens/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/chemistry
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/chemistry
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/chemistry
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Interleukin-12/immunology
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p40/genetics
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p40/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Pandemics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- CD83 Antigen
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chun Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Lin
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Maureen Spearman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Pei-Yun Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Michael Butler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Suh-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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20
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Rho-Associated Kinase Inhibitors Promote Microglial Uptake Via the ERK Signaling Pathway. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:83-91. [PMID: 26779919 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are immunocompetent cells in the central nervous system that take up tissue debris and pathogens. Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) has been identified as an important regulator of uptake, proliferation, secretion, and differentiation in a number of cell types. Although ROCK plays critical roles in the microglial secretion of inflammatory factors, migration, and morphology, its effects on microglial uptake activity have not been well characterized. In the present study, we found that treatment of BV2 microglia and primary microglia with the ROCK inhibitors Y27632 and fasudil increased uptake activity and was associated with morphological changes. Furthermore, western blots showed that this increase in uptake activity was mediated through the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade, indicating the importance of ROCK in regulating microglial uptake activity.
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21
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Bazzi S, Modjtahedi H, Mudan S, Akle C, Bahr GM. Analysis of the immunomodulatory properties of two heat-killed mycobacterial preparations in a human whole blood model. Immunobiology 2015; 220:1293-304. [PMID: 26253276 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The significant role played by mycobacteria in modulating immune responses through enhancing the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity has been highlighted in several studies. Owing to their unique antigenic profile, heat killed (HK) preparations of rapid-growing mycobacteria, currently undergoing clinical development, have been assessed as adjuvant therapy in various diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the regulation of leukocyte surface receptors, in whole blood from healthy donors, following in vitro stimulation with HK Mycobacterium vaccae (M. vaccae) or M. obuense. We have demonstrated the ability of both mycobacterial preparations to target monocytes and neutrophils and to regulate the surface expression of selected adhesion receptors, antigen-presenting and costimulatory receptors, pattern recognition receptors, complement and Fc receptors, as well as cytokine/chemokine receptors. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1 and 2 were also shown to be involved in mediating the M. obuense-induced upregulation of selected surface receptors on monocytes. Whole blood stimulation with M. vaccae or M. obuense resulted in a significant increase in the secretion of a specific set of cytokines and chemokines. Both mycobacterial preparations induced strong antigen-specific proliferative responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Collectively, our data shows that M. vaccae and M. obuense have the potential to act as potent immunomodulators. Future research based on these findings may reveal novel immune pathways induced by these preparations with potential implication for their use in diverse immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Bazzi
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, 33 Amioun, Al Kurah, Lebanon.
| | - Helmout Modjtahedi
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom.
| | - Satvinder Mudan
- Division of Clinical Sciences, St George's, University of London, London SW170RE, United Kingdom; Department of Academic Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Charles Akle
- The London Clinic, London W1G 6JA, United Kingdom.
| | - Georges M Bahr
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, 33 Amioun, Al Kurah, Lebanon.
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22
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Poon GFT, Dong Y, Marshall KC, Arif A, Deeg CM, Dosanjh M, Johnson P. Hyaluronan Binding Identifies a Functionally Distinct Alveolar Macrophage-like Population in Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cell Cultures. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:632-42. [PMID: 26085682 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although classical dendritic cells (DCs) arise from distinct progenitors in the bone marrow, the origin of inflammatory DCs and the distinction between monocyte-derived DCs and macrophages is less clear. In vitro culture of mouse bone marrow cells with GM-CSF is a well-established method to generate DCs, but GM-CSF has also been used to generate bone marrow-derived macrophages. In this article, we identify a distinct subpopulation of cells within the GM-CSF bone marrow-derived DC culture based on their ability to bind hyaluronan (HA), a major component of the extracellular matrix and ligand for CD44. HA identified a morphologically distinct subpopulation of cells within the immature DC population (CD11c(+) MHC II(mid/low)) that were CCR5(+)/CCR7(-) and proliferated in response to GM-CSF, but, unlike immature DCs, did not develop into mature DCs expressing CCR7 and high levels of MHC II, even after stimulation with LPS. The majority of these cells produced TNF-α in response to LPS but were unable to activate naive T cells, whereas the majority of mature DCs produced IL-12 and activated naive T cells. This HA binding population shared many characteristics with alveolar macrophages and was retained in the alveolar space after lung instillation even after LPS stimulation, whereas the MHC II(high) mature DCs were found in the draining lymph node. Thus, HA binding in combination with MHC II expression can be used to identify alveolar-like macrophages from GM-CSF-treated bone marrow cultures, which provides a useful in vitro model to study alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace F T Poon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Yifei Dong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Kelsey C Marshall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Arif Arif
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Christoph M Deeg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Manisha Dosanjh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Pauline Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
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23
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Ashjaei K, Palmberger D, Bublin M, Bajna E, Breiteneder H, Grabherr R, Ellinger I, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K. Atopic donor status does not influence the uptake of the major grass pollen allergen, Phl p 5, by dendritic cells. J Immunol Methods 2015; 424:120-30. [PMID: 26055335 PMCID: PMC4739503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are sentinels of the immune system for antigen recognition and uptake, as well as presentation to naïve T cells for stimulation or priming. Internalization and endocytic degradation of allergens by DCs are important steps required for T cell priming. In the current study we investigated binding and internalization of purified recombinant non-glycosylated grass pollen allergen, Phl p 5, and natural non-specific lipid transfer protein from sunflower, SF-nsLTP to human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). Colocalization of Phl p 5 with low affinity (CD23) or high affinity receptor (FcεRI) was investigated by immunofluorescence staining. Likewise, localization of the allergens in early (EE) and late endosomes (LE) was detected by co-staining for early endosome antigen (EEA1) and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1). In our experimental setting we could demonstrate that Phl p 5 as well as SF-nsLTP bound to MoDCs from both, grass pollen allergic and non-allergic individuals. Competitive allergen uptake experiments demonstrated non-preferential and simultaneous uptake of Phl p 5 and SF-nsLTP by MoDCs. No overlap of signals from Phl p 5 and CD23 or FcεRI was detectable, excluding IgE-mediated uptake for this allergen. Both allergens, Phl p 5 and SF-nsLTP, were localized in early and late endosomes. The present study applied a set of methods to assess the allergen uptake by MoDCs in an in vitro model. No qualitative and quantitative differences in the allergen uptake of both, Phl p 5 and SF-nsLTP were detected in single and competitive assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Ashjaei
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Dieter Palmberger
- Vienna Institute of Biotechnology - VIBT, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Merima Bublin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Erika Bajna
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Reingard Grabherr
- Vienna Institute of Biotechnology - VIBT, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Isabella Ellinger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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24
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de Haar C, Plantinga M, Blokland NJ, van Til NP, Flinsenberg TW, Van Tendeloo VF, Smits EL, Boon L, Spel L, Boes M, Boelens JJ, Nierkens S. Generation of a cord blood-derived Wilms Tumor 1 dendritic cell vaccine for AML patients treated with allogeneic cord blood transplantation. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1023973. [PMID: 26451309 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1023973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor survival rates of refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients after haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) requires the development of additional immune therapeutic strategies. As the elicitation of tumor-antigen specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is associated with reduced relapses and enhanced survival, enhanced priming of these CTLs using an anti-AML vaccine may result in long-term immunity against AML. Cord blood (CB), as allogeneic HCT source, may provide a unique setting for such post-HCT vaccination, considering its enhanced graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effects and population of highly responsive naïve T cells. It is our goal to develop a powerful and safe immune therapeutic strategy composed of CB-HCT followed by vaccination with CB CD34+-derived dendritic cells (DCs) presenting the oncoprotein Wilms Tumor-1 (WT1), which is expressed in AML-blasts in the majority of patients. Here, we describe the optimization of a clinically applicable DC culture protocol. This two-step protocol consisting of an expansion phase followed by the differentiation toward DCs, enables us to generate sufficient cord blood-derived DCs (CBDCs) in the clinical setting. At the end of the culture, the CBDCs exhibit a mature surface phenotype, are able to migrate, express tumor antigen (WT1) after electroporation with mRNA encoding the full-length WT1 protein, and stimulate WT1-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin de Haar
- U-DANCE; Laboratory for Translational Immunology; UMC Utrecht ; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maud Plantinga
- U-DANCE; Laboratory for Translational Immunology; UMC Utrecht ; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Jg Blokland
- U-DANCE; Laboratory for Translational Immunology; UMC Utrecht ; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Niek P van Til
- U-DANCE; Laboratory for Translational Immunology; UMC Utrecht ; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Wh Flinsenberg
- U-DANCE; Laboratory for Translational Immunology; UMC Utrecht ; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Viggo F Van Tendeloo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Tumor Immunology Group (TIGR); Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute; University of Antwerp ; Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Evelien L Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE); University of Antwerp ; Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium ; Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine; Antwerp University Hospital ; Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Louis Boon
- Bioceros B.V. ; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Spel
- U-DANCE; Laboratory for Translational Immunology; UMC Utrecht ; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Boes
- Clinical Immunology Section; LTI; UMC Utrecht ; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Jan Boelens
- U-DANCE; Laboratory for Translational Immunology; UMC Utrecht ; Utrecht, The Netherlands ; Department Pediatrics; Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program; UMC Utrecht ; Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- U-DANCE; Laboratory for Translational Immunology; UMC Utrecht ; Utrecht, The Netherlands ; U-DAIR; LTI; UMC Utrecht ; Utrecht, The Netherlands
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25
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Ghoneum M, Agrawal S. Mgn-3/biobran enhances generation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells via upregulation of dec-205 expression on dendritic cells. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 27:523-30. [PMID: 25572732 DOI: 10.1177/039463201402700408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabinoxylan rice bran (MGN-3/Biobran) has been shown to be a potent biological response modifier (BRM) that activates different arms of the immune system, including dendritic cells (DCs), which prime CD4+ helper T-cell responses. The present study explores the ability of MGN-3-activated DCs to prime CD8+ T cells and examines the mechanisms underlying its effect. Human monocyte-derived DCs were treated with MGN-3 (20 and 40 μg/ml). Results indicate that treatment with MGN-3 caused DCs to prime higher granzyme B-expressing CD8+ T cells. Tumor lysate-pulsed MGN-3 DC also increased tumor cell killing compared to DC-stimulated CD8+ T cells. This was associated with: i) increased expression of DEC-205 in MGN-3-activated DCs in a dose-dependent manner; and ii) MGN-3 induced significant production of Type III interferon, IL29, but not Type I IFNs α and β. These results suggest that MGN-3 is a potent natural adjuvant that efficiently activates DCs and may therefore be useful for mounting an efficient immune response against infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghoneum
- Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - S Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
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26
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Lin YL, Hu YC, Liang CC, Lin SY, Liang YC, Yuan HP, Chiang BL. Enterovirus-71 virus-like particles induce the activation and maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells through TLR4 signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111496. [PMID: 25360749 PMCID: PMC4216083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) causes seasonal epidemics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and has a high mortality rate among young children. We recently demonstrated potent induction of the humoral and cell-mediated immune response in monkeys immunized with EV71 virus-like particles (VLPs), with a morphology resembling that of infectious EV71 virions but not containing a viral genome, which could potentially be safe as a vaccine for EV71. To elucidate the mechanisms through which EV71 VLPs induce cell-mediated immunity, we studied the immunomodulatory effects of EV71 VLPs on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), which bind to and incorporate EV71 VLPs. DC treatment with EV71 VLPs enhanced the expression of CD80, CD86, CD83, CD40, CD54, and HLA-DR on the cell surface; increased the production of interleukin (IL)-12 p40, IL-12 p70, and IL-10 by DCs; and suppressed the capacity of DCs for endocytosis. Treatment with EV71 VLPs also enhanced the ability of DCs to stimulate naïve T cells and induced secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ by T cells and Th1 cell responses. Neutralization with antibodies against Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 suppressed the capacity of EV71 VLPs to induce the production of IL-12 p40, IL-12 p70, and IL-10 by DCs and inhibited EV71 VLPs binding to DCs. Our study findings clarified the important role for TLR4 signaling in DCs in response to EV71 VLPs and showed that EV71 VLPs induced inhibitor of kappaB alpha (IκBα) degradation and nuclear factor of kappaB (NF-κB) activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Lin
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chao Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yeh Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Liang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ping Yuan
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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27
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He LZ, Weidlick J, Sisson C, Marsh HC, Keler T. Toll-like receptor agonists shape the immune responses to a mannose receptor-targeted cancer vaccine. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 12:719-28. [PMID: 25345808 PMCID: PMC4716615 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have documented that selective delivery of protein antigens to cells expressing mannose receptor (MR) can lead to enhanced immune responses. We postulated that agents that influenced the MR expression level, and the activation and migration status of MR-expressing antigen presenting cells, would modulate immune responses to MR-targeted vaccines. To address this question, we investigated the effect of clinically used adjuvants in human MR transgenic (hMR-Tg) mice immunized with an MR-targeting cancer vaccine composed of the human anti-MR monoclonal antibody B11 fused with the oncofetal protein, human chorionic gonadotropin beta chain (hCGβ), and referred to as B11-hCGβ. We found that humoral responses to low doses of B11-hCGβ could be enhanced by prior administration of GM-CSF, which upregulated MR expression in vivo. However, co-administration of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, poly-ICLC and/or CpG with B11-hCGβ was required to elicit Th1 immunity, as measured by antigen-specific T-cell production of IFN-γ. The TLR agonists were shown to increase the number of vaccine-containing cells in the draining lymph nodes of immunized hMR-Tg mice. In particular, with B11-hCGβ and poly-ICLC, a dramatic increase in vaccine-positive cells was observed in the T-cell areas of the lymph nodes, compared to the vaccine alone or combined with GM-CSF. Importantly, the absence of the TLR agonists during the priming immunization led to antigen-specific tolerance. Therefore, this study provides insight into the mechanisms by which adjuvants can augment immune responses to B11-hCGβ and have implications for the rationale design of clinical studies combining MR-targeted vaccination with TLR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zhen He
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc., Hampton, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tibor Keler
- Celldex Therapeutics, Inc., Hampton, NJ, USA
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28
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CD4 ligation on human blood monocytes triggers macrophage differentiation and enhances HIV infection. J Virol 2014; 88:9934-46. [PMID: 24942581 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00616-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A unique aspect of human monocytes, compared to monocytes from many other species, is that they express the CD4 molecule. However, the role of the CD4 molecule in human monocyte development and function is not known. We determined that the activation of CD4 via interaction with major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) triggers cytokine expression and the differentiation of human monocytes into functional mature macrophages. Importantly, we determined that CD4 activation induces intracellular signaling in monocytes and that inhibition of the MAPK and Src family kinase pathways blocked the ability of CD4 ligation to trigger macrophage differentiation. We observed that ligation of CD4 by MHC-II on activated endothelial cells induced CD4-mediated macrophage differentiation of blood monocytes. Finally, CD4 ligation by MHC-II increases the susceptibility of blood-derived monocytes to HIV binding and subsequent infection. Altogether, our studies have identified a novel function for the CD4 molecule on peripheral monocytes and suggest that a unique set of events that lead to innate immune activation differ between humans and mice. Further, these events can have effects on HIV infection and persistence in the macrophage compartment. IMPORTANCE The CD4 molecule, as the primary receptor for HIV, plays an important role in HIV pathogenesis. There are many cell types that express CD4 other than the primary HIV target, the CD4(+) T cell. Other than allowing HIV infection, the role of the CD4 molecule on human monocytes or macrophages is not known. We were interested in determining the role of CD4 in human monocyte/macrophage development and function and the potential effects of this on HIV infection. We identified a role for the CD4 molecule in triggering the activation and development of a monocyte into a macrophage following its ligation. Activation of the monocyte through the CD4 molecule in this manner increases the ability of monocytes to bind to and become infected with HIV. Our studies have identified a novel function for the CD4 molecule on peripheral monocytes in triggering macrophage development that has direct consequences for HIV infection.
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29
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Kozarski M, Klaus A, Jakovljevic D, Todorovic N, Niksic M, Vrvic MM, van Griensven LJLD. Dietary polysaccharide extracts of Agaricus brasiliensis fruiting bodies: chemical characterization and bioactivities at different levels of purification. Food Res Int 2014; 64:53-64. [PMID: 30011685 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides of the European strain of A. brasiliensis were obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation (HWPE I) of fruiting bodies, and further purified by dialysis (HWPE II) and pronase incubation (PPE). These polysaccharides consisted mainly of (1→6)-β-d-glucans. PPE was free of proteins and polyphenols as demonstrated by quantitative assays and NMR profiling. They showed a clear IFN-γ inducing activity in human PBMCs, which suggests these polysaccharides to have proinflammatory effects. Treatment by β-glucosidase caused the polysaccharides to be degraded into smaller fragments and at the same time increased their IFN-γ inducing activity in PBMCs fourfold. In vitro, PPE showed a dose-dependent inhibition of the proliferation of the human leukemia Jurkat cell. At 100μg/mL the cells' viability was decreased by appr. 51% compared to the control. EPR spin trapping demonstrated a high antioxidative activity against •OH and •O2- radicals of HWPE I and PPE. Further, the results of the antioxidant assays indicated that antioxidant activity against •OH radicals in the Fenton system was achieved through scavenging or through chelating iron mechanisms. The good immunomodulating and antioxidative properties of A. brasiliensis polysaccharide extract obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation make it suitable for everyday use as an inexpensive dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kozarski
- Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade 11080, Serbia
| | - Anita Klaus
- Department for Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade 11080, Serbia
| | - Dragica Jakovljevic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
| | - Nina Todorovic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
| | - Miomir Niksic
- Department for Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade 11080, Serbia
| | - Miroslav M Vrvic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, Belgrade 11001, Serbia; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Leo J L D van Griensven
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Ouabain affects the expression of activation markers, cytokine production, and endocytosis of human monocytes. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:760368. [PMID: 24904197 PMCID: PMC4034513 DOI: 10.1155/2014/760368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ouabain is a steroid capable of binding to and inhibiting Na+,-K+-ATPase. Studies have demonstrated some actions of ouabain on immune cells, which indicated both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of this molecule. Nevertheless, its effects on human monocytes are still poorly understood. Thus, the present work investigated effects of ouabain in the activation and function of human adherent monocytes. Our results show that there is an increase in intracellular calcium levels already 5 minutes following monocyte treatment with 10−7 M of ouabain. Furthermore, monocytes expressed increased amounts of surface activation markers such as CD69, HLA-DR, CD86, and CD80 and also presented an augmented endocytic activity of dextran-FITC particles after 24 hours of culture in the presence of ouabain. However, monocytes treated with ouabain did not have an increased stimulatory capacity in allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction. Ouabain-treated monocytes produced higher levels of IL-1β and TNF-α as reported before. A novel observation was the fact that ouabain induced IL-10 and VEGF as well. Collectively, these results suggest that ouabain impacts monocyte activation and modulates monocyte functions, implying that this steroid could act as an immunomodulator of these cells.
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Orsini G, Legitimo A, Failli A, Ferrari P, Nicolini A, Spisni R, Miccoli P, Consolini R. Defective generation and maturation of dendritic cells from monocytes in colorectal cancer patients during the course of disease. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:22022-41. [PMID: 24213603 PMCID: PMC3856049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141122022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Western countries. Today, the role of the host’s immune system in controlling the progression and spread of solid tumors is broadly established. Tumor immunosurveillance escape mechanisms, such as those involving dendritic cells (DCs), the most important antigen-presenting cells, are likewise recognized processes involved in cancer. The present study evaluates the ability of CRC patients to generate DCs in vitro from circulating monocytes at both pre- and post-operative timepoints; the results are correlated with the stage of disease to shed light on the systemic immune statuses of CRC patients. Our data showed that patients’ DCs had lower co-stimulatory molecule expression and were less able to present antigens to allogeneic T cells compared to healthy controls’ (HC) DCs. Furthermore altered cytokine secretion, such as increased IL-10 and reduced IL-12 and TNF-α, was observed. At the post-operative timepoints we observed a recovery of the patients’ ability to generate immature DCs, compared to HCs, but the maturational capacity remained affected. Our study conclusively highlights the persistently impaired in vitro generation of fully mature and functional DCs, which appears to be more altered during advanced stages. This work sheds light on a dendritic cell-based tumor immune escape mechanism that could be useful for the development of more effective immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Orsini
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, via Roma, 67, Pisa 56126, Italy; E-Mails: (A.L.); (A.F.); (R.C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: or ; Tel.: +39-050-992-222
| | - Annalisa Legitimo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, via Roma, 67, Pisa 56126, Italy; E-Mails: (A.L.); (A.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Alessandra Failli
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, via Roma, 67, Pisa 56126, Italy; E-Mails: (A.L.); (A.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), via Roma, 67, Pisa 56126, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section Medical Oncology, University of Pisa, via Roma, 67, Pisa 56126, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Roberto Spisni
- Department of Surgery, Molecular, Medical and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, via Paradisa, 2, Pisa 56126, Italy; E-Mails: (R.S.) (P.M.)
| | - Paolo Miccoli
- Department of Surgery, Molecular, Medical and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, via Paradisa, 2, Pisa 56126, Italy; E-Mails: (R.S.) (P.M.)
| | - Rita Consolini
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, via Roma, 67, Pisa 56126, Italy; E-Mails: (A.L.); (A.F.); (R.C.)
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Fairman P, Angel JB. The effect of human immunodeficiency virus-1 on monocyte-derived dendritic cell maturation and function. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 170:101-13. [PMID: 22943206 PMCID: PMC3444722 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04628.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are mediators of the adaptive immune response responsible for antigen presentation to naive T cells in secondary lymph organs. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) has been reported to inhibit the maturation of DC, but a clear link between maturation and function has not been elucidated. To understand further the effects of HIV-1 on DC maturation and function, we expanded upon previous investigations and assessed the effects of HIV-1 infection on the expression of surface molecules, carbohydrate endocytosis, antigen presentation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) responsiveness over the course of maturation. In vitro infection with HIV-1 resulted in an increase in the expression of DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) as well as decreases in maturation-induced CCR7 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II expression. Retention of endocytosis that normally occurs with DC maturation as well as inhibition of antigen presentation to CD8(+) T cells was also observed. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) responsiveness to LPS as measured by phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 was not affected by HIV-1 infection. In summary, in-vitro HIV-1 impairs DC maturation, as defined by cell surface protein expression, with selective alterations in mature DC function. Understanding the mechanisms of DC dysfunction in HIV infection will provide further insight into HIV immune pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fairman
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Synthetic archaeosome vaccines containing triglycosylarchaeols can provide additive and long-lasting immune responses that are enhanced by archaetidylserine. ARCHAEA-AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2012; 2012:513231. [PMID: 23055819 PMCID: PMC3465877 DOI: 10.1155/2012/513231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The relation between archaeal lipid structures and their activity as adjuvants may be defined and explored by synthesizing novel head groups covalently linked to archaeol (2,3-diphytanyl-sn-glycerol). Saturated archaeol, that is suitably stable as a precursor for chemical synthesis, was obtained in high yield from Halobacterium salinarum. Archaeosomes consisting of the various combinations of synthesized lipids, with antigen entrapped, were used to immunize mice and subsequently determine CD8+ and CD4+-T cell immune responses. Addition of 45 mol% of the glycolipids gentiotriosylarchaeol, mannotriosylarchaeol or maltotriosylarchaeol to an archaetidylglycerophosphate-O-methyl archaeosome, significantly enhanced the CD8+ T cell response to antigen, but diminished the antibody titres in peripheral blood. Archaeosomes consisting of all three triglycosyl archaeols combined with archaetidylglycerophosphate-O-methyl (15/15/15/55 mol%) resulted in approximately additive CD8+ T cell responses and also an antibody response not significantly different from the archaetidylglycerophosphate-O-methyl alone. Synthetic archaetidylserine played a role to further enhance the CD8+ T cell response where the optimum content was 20–30 mol%. Vaccines giving best protection against solid tumor growth corresponded to the archaeosome adjuvant composition that gave highest immune activity in immunized mice.
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Cheng JH, Lee SY, Lien YY, Lee MS, Sheu SC. Immunomodulating activity of Nymphaea rubra Roxb. extracts: activation of rat dendritic cells and improvement of the T(H)1 immune response. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10722-10735. [PMID: 23109818 PMCID: PMC3472710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130910722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides play a key role in enhancing immune function and facilitating cellular communication. Here, we purified Nymphaea rubra Roxb. polysaccharides (NR-PS) by treating them with pullulanase. They were then cultured with immature dendritic cells (DCs) derived from rat bone marrow hematopoietic cells (BMHCs). After treatment with bioactive NR-PS with a degree of polymerization (DP) value of 359.8, we found that the DCs underwent morphological changes indicative of activation. CD80/86 (87.16% ± 8.49%) and MHC class II (52.01% ± 10.11%) expression levels were significantly up-regulated by this treatment compared to the controls (65.45% ± 0.97% and 34.87% ± 1.96%). In parallel, endocytosis was also reduced (167.94% ± 60.59%) after treatment with 25 μg/mL of NR-PS as measured by the medium fluorescence intensity compared to the control (261.67% ± 47.26%). Furthermore, the DCs after treatment with 25 μg/mL NR-PS showed increased IL-12 (102.09 ± 10.16 to 258.78 ± 25.26 pg/mL) and IFN-γ (11.76 ± 0.11 to 15.51 ± 1.66 pg/mL) secretion together with reduced IL-10 secretion (30.75 ± 3.35 to 15.37 ± 2.35 pg/mL), which indicates a TH1 immune response. In conclusion, NR-PS exhibits stimulatory effects on rat DCs and promotes the secretion of TH1 cytokines. Taken together, our studies are the first to show that NR-PS is an immunomodulator affecting the maturation and functioning of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai-Hong Cheng
- The Department of Nursing, Shu Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Shau-Yu Lee
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yi-Yang Lien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Meng-Shiou Lee
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.-S.L.); (S.-C.S.); Tel.: +886 4 22053366 (M.-S.L.); +886 8 7740375 (S.-C.S.); Fax: +886 4 22078083 (M.-S.L.); +886 8 7740378 (S.-C.S.)
| | - Shyang-Chwen Sheu
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuehfu Rd., Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.-S.L.); (S.-C.S.); Tel.: +886 4 22053366 (M.-S.L.); +886 8 7740375 (S.-C.S.); Fax: +886 4 22078083 (M.-S.L.); +886 8 7740378 (S.-C.S.)
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Specific decidual CD14(+) cells hamper cognate NK cell proliferation and cytolytic mediator expression after mucin 1 treatment in vitro. J Reprod Immunol 2012; 95:36-45. [PMID: 22841164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1) forms a glycocalyx on the surface of decidual epithelial cells that needs to be removed for successful embryo attachment. We investigated whether MUC1 affects human early pregnancy decidual CD14(+) cells and their interactions with cognate decidual natural killer (NK) cells. FITC-dextran internalisation, surface and intracellular antigen levels, and proliferation of CD14(+) and/or CD56(+) cells were analysed by flow cytometry. Magnetic separation was used to purify CD56(+) and CD14(+) cells. Uncultured CD14(+) cells expressed a negligible percentage of CD1a and CD83 molecules. They expressed lower levels of CD16, and higher levels of endocytic mannose receptors (MR), dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), proinflammatory chemokine CC receptor 5 (CCR5), and CD163 receptor, than their peripheral blood counterparts. Lipopolysaccharide stimulation did not affect FITC-dextran internalisation in CD14(+) cells. MUC1 bound and internalised, in a dose-dependent manner, the carbohydrate recognition domain of MR, increasing the decoy IL-1 receptor type II and decreasing IL-15 expression in CD14(+) cells. In the presence of MUC1-treated macrophages, the expression levels of the proliferation and cytotoxic mediators (perforin, Fas ligand and TNF-related activation-induced ligand or TRAIL) was attenuated, while that of the anti-inflammatory chemokine CCL17 was increased, in NK cells compared with untreated macrophages. In conclusion, MUC1 supports the alternative activation of tissue-specific CD14(+) cells, and may restrict proliferation of NK cells and regulate their content of cytotoxic mediators. Based on the experiments with first-trimester decidual cells in vitro, we conclude that removing MUC1 from decidual tissue might help control trophoblast invasion by NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Gros
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; University of Bonn; Bonn; Germany
| | - N. Novak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; University of Bonn; Bonn; Germany
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Murphy T, Cargill C, Rutley D, Stott P. Pig-shed air polluted by α-haemolytic cocci and ammonia causes subclinical disease and production losses. Vet Rec 2012; 171:123. [PMID: 22706037 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that bacteria originating from pigs degrade the environment of the pig shed and adversely affect the health of the animals and the pig-shed workers. α-haemolytic cocci (AHC) occur in pig-shed environments, but are regarded as commensals. Ammonia is also a component of the pig-shed environment, and is known to damage upper respiratory tract epithelia. The aim of this study was to determine whether polluted air in pig sheds adversely affected performance indicators in pigs. Modelling revealed a direct effect of AHC on voluntary feed intake and hence AHC are not commensal. No direct effect of ammonia on the pigs was detected, but the combination of AHC and ammonia stimulated the immune system in a progressive manner, and there were direct effects of immune stimulation on food intake and growth resulting in poorer feed-conversion efficiency, even though the effects remained subclinical. The authors conclude that exposure of the respiratory epithelia of pigs to viable AHC in the presence of ammonia redirects nutrients away from production and towards the immune system, explaining the impact of poor pig-shed hygiene on production parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Murphy
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy SA 5371, Australia
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Sun L, Hua C, Yang Y, Dou H, Li E, Tan R, Hou Y. Chaeoglobosin Fex inhibits poly(I:C)-induced activation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Mol Immunol 2012; 51:150-8. [PMID: 22424786 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.02.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are implicated in the induction of autoimmune diseases and exist in lesions associated with several autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Chaeoglobosin Fex (Cha Fex), a cytochalasan-based alkaloid, was isolated from marine-derived endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum QEN-14. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of Cha Fex on poly(I:C)-induced bone marrow-derived DCs. The results showed that Cha Fex attenuated the production of IFN-β both at the mRNA and protein level in poly(I:C)-induced DCs. Cha Fex markedly inhibited the maturation and function of the DCs with a reduced capacity to uptake antigens and low level of expression of costimulatory molecules. Moreover, Cha Fex abrogated the ability of poly(I:C)-induced DCs to promotion of T cell proliferation, Furthermore, Cha Fex inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB-α and IRF-3 in poly(I:C)-induced DCs. Cha Fex also reduced the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, without affecting ERK1/2. These data demonstrate that that Cha Fex can exhibit an immunosuppressive effect on mouse bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) via TLR3 signaling, which suggests potential application of Cha Fex in the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Sun
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Lab & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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The C-type lectin receptor CLEC9A mediates antigen uptake and (cross-)presentation by human blood BDCA3+ myeloid dendritic cells. Blood 2012; 119:2284-92. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-08-373944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
CLEC9A is a recently discovered C-type lectin receptor involved in sensing necrotic cells. In humans, this receptor is selectively expressed by BDCA3+ myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), which have been proposed to be the main human cross-presenting mDCs and may represent the human homologue of murine CD8+ DCs. In mice, it was demonstrated that antigens delivered with antibodies to CLEC9A are presented by CD8+ DCs to both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and induce antitumor immunity in a melanoma model. Here we assessed the ability of CLEC9A to mediate antigen presentation by human BDCA3+ mDCs, which represent < 0.05% of peripheral blood leukocytes. We demonstrate that CLEC9A is only expressed on immature BDCA3+ mDCs and that cell surface expression is lost after TLR-mediated maturation. CLEC9A triggering via antibody binding rapidly induces receptor internalization but does not affect TLR-induced cytokine production or expression of costimulatory molecules. More importantly, antigens delivered via CLEC9A antibodies to BDCA3+ mDCs are presented by both MHC class I (cross-presentation) and MHC class II to antigen-specific T cells. We conclude that CLEC9A is a promising target for in vivo antigen delivery in humans to increase the efficiency of vaccines against infectious or malignant diseases.
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Flores-Mendoza L, Velazquez C, Bray J, Njongmeta L, Mwangi W, Hernández J. Development and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against porcine CD205. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 146:74-80. [PMID: 22348805 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop mAbs against porcine CD205 and to conduct a comparative analysis of the CD205 protein expression on lymphoid tissues, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and DCs isolated from the porcine skin. To conduct this study, we generated a monoclonal antibody, designated 1.F6F6, against the C-type lectin-like domain-5 of the porcine CD205 and showed that it recognizes a protein band of ∼200 kDa by Western Blot analysis in mesenteric lymph nodes cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the mAb 1.F6F6 recognized 28.5%, 28.1% and 34.1% of cells from tonsil, inguinal and mesenteric lymph nodes, respectively, and 6% of cells from thymus. Analysis of monocyte-derived DCs showed that approximately 20% were positive and activation of the cells with LPS increased the positive population to 36%. Analysis of DCs isolated from the porcine skin showed that approximately 70% of the cell population expressed the CD205 receptor. The development of a monoclonal antibody capable of recognizing the CD205 receptor in swine opens up possibilities of applying new strategies for enhancing vaccine efficacy by using the anti-CD205 antibody for DC antigen-targeting to enhance priming of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Flores-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Hermosillo, Sonora, México
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Vázquez MB, Sureda M, Rebollo J. Células dendríticas I: aspectos básicos de su biología y funciones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inmuno.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
In the immune system, C-type lectins and CTLDs have been shown to act both as adhesion and as pathogen recognition receptors. The Dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) and its homologs in human and mouse represent an important C-type lectin family. DC-SIGN contains a lectin domain that recognizes in a Ca2+-dependent manner carbohydrates such as mannose-containing structures present on glycoproteins such as ICAM-2 and ICAM-3. DC-SIGN is a prototype C-type lectin organized in microdomains, which have their role as pathogen recognition receptors in sensing microbes. Although the integrin LFA-1 is a counter-receptor for both ICAM-2 and ICAM-3 on DC, DC-SIGN is the high affinity adhesion receptor for ICAM-2/-3. While cell–cell contact is a primary function of selectins, collectins are specialized in recognition of pathogens. Interestingly, DC-SIGN is a cell adhesion receptor as well as a pathogen recognition receptor. As adhesion receptor, DC-SIGN mediates the contact between dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes, by binding to ICAM-3, and mediates rolling of DCs on endothelium, by interacting with ICAM-2. As pathogen receptor, DC-SIGN recognizes a variety of microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi and several parasites (Cambi et al. 2005). The natural ligands of DC-SIGN consist of mannose oligosaccharides or fucose-containing Lewis-type determinants. In this chapter, we shall focus on the structure and functions of DC-SIGN and related CTLDs in the recognition of pathogens, the molecular and structural determinants that regulate the interaction with pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The heterogeneity of carbohydrate residues exposed on cellular proteins and pathogens regulates specific binding of DC-expressed C-type lectins that contribute to the diversity of immune responses created by DCs (van Kooyk et al. 2003a; Cambi et al. 2005).
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Kruth HS. Receptor-independent fluid-phase pinocytosis mechanisms for induction of foam cell formation with native low-density lipoprotein particles. Curr Opin Lipidol 2011; 22:386-93. [PMID: 21881499 PMCID: PMC4174540 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e32834adadb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Because early findings indicated that native low-density lipoprotein (LDL) did not substantially increase macrophage cholesterol content during in-vitro incubations, investigators presumed that LDL must be modified in some way to trigger its uptake by the macrophage. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent findings showing that native unmodified LDL can induce massive macrophage cholesterol accumulation mimicking macrophage foam cell formation that occurs within atherosclerotic plaques. RECENT FINDINGS Macrophages that show high rates of fluid-phase pinocytosis also show similar high rates of uptake of native unmodified LDL through nonreceptor mediated uptake within both macropinosomes and micropinosomes. Nonsaturable fluid-phase uptake of LDL by macrophages converts the macrophages into foam cells. Different macrophage phenotypes demonstrate either constitutive fluid-phase pinocytosis or inducible fluid-phase pinocytosis. Fluid-phase pinocytosis has been demonstrated by macrophages within mouse atherosclerotic plaques indicating that this pathway contributes to plaque macrophage cholesterol accumulation. SUMMARY Contrary to what has been believed previously, macrophages can take up large amounts of native unmodified LDL by receptor-independent, fluid-phase pinocytosis converting these macrophages into foam cells. Thus, targeting macrophage fluid-phase pinocytosis should be considered when investigating strategies to limit macrophage cholesterol accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard S Kruth
- Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1422, USA.
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de Kivit S, Kraneveld AD, Garssen J, Willemsen LEM. Glycan recognition at the interface of the intestinal immune system: target for immune modulation via dietary components. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 668 Suppl 1:S124-32. [PMID: 21816141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is constantly exposed to the luminal content, which includes micro-organisms and dietary components. Prebiotic non-digestible oligosaccharides may be supplemented to the diet to exert modulation of immune responses in the intestine. Short chain galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS), functionally mimicking oligosaccharides present in human milk, have been reported to reduce the development of allergy through modulation of the intestinal microbiota and immune system. Nonetheless, the underlying working mechanisms of scGOS/lcFOS are unclear. Intestinal epithelial cells lining the mucosa are known to express carbohydrate (glycan)-binding receptors that may be involved in modulation of the mucosal immune response. This review aims to provide an overview of glycan-binding receptors, in particular galectins, which are expressed by intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells. In addition, their involvement in health and disease will be addressed, especially in food allergy and inflammatory bowel disease, diseases originating from the gastro-intestinal tract. Insight in the recognition of glycans in the intestinal tract may open new avenues for the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases by either nutritional concepts or pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander de Kivit
- Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Emara M, Royer PJ, Abbas Z, Sewell HF, Mohamed GG, Singh S, Peel S, Fox J, Shakib F, Martinez-Pomares L, Ghaemmaghami AM. Recognition of the major cat allergen Fel d 1 through the cysteine-rich domain of the mannose receptor determines its allergenicity. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:13033-40. [PMID: 21335554 PMCID: PMC3075649 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.220657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells that are specialized in antigen uptake and presentation. Allergy to cat has increased substantially in recent years and has been shown to be positively associated with asthma. We have recently shown that the mannose receptor (MR), a C-type lectin expressed by dendritic cells, recognizes various glycoallergens from diverse sources and is involved in promoting allergic responses to a major house dust mite allergen in vitro. Here we investigated the potential role of MR in allergic responses to Fel d 1, a major cat allergen. Fel d 1 binding to MR was confirmed by ELISA. Using blocking, gene silencing (siRNA) experiments, and MR knock-out (MR(-/-)) cells, we have demonstrated that MR plays a major role in internalization of Fel d 1 by human and mouse antigen-presenting cells. Intriguingly, unlike other glycoallergens, recognition of Fel d 1 by MR is mediated by the cysteine-rich domain, which correlates with the presence of sulfated carbohydrates in natural Fel d 1. WT and MR(-/-) mice were used to study the role of MR in allergic sensitization to Fel d 1 in vivo. MR(-/-) mice sensitized with cat dander extract and Fel d 1 produced significantly lower levels of total IgE, Fel d 1-specific-IgE and IgG1, the hallmarks of allergic response, compared with WT mice. Our data show for the first time that Fel d 1 is a novel ligand of the cysteine-rich domain of MR and that MR is likely to play a pivotal role in allergic sensitization to airborne allergens in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sonali Singh
- From the School of Molecular Medical Sciences
- the Nottingham Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Queen’s Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Peel
- the Division of Therapeutics & Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Jane Fox
- the Division of Therapeutics & Molecular Medicine, and
- the Nottingham Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Queen’s Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Farouk Shakib
- From the School of Molecular Medical Sciences
- the Nottingham Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Queen’s Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amir M. Ghaemmaghami
- From the School of Molecular Medical Sciences
- the Nottingham Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Queen’s Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
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Tel J, Benitez-Ribas D, Hoosemans S, Cambi A, Adema GJ, Figdor CG, Tacken PJ, de Vries IJM. DEC-205 mediates antigen uptake and presentation by both resting and activated human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:1014-23. [PMID: 21413003 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
DEC-205 is a type I C-type lectin receptor (CLR) that is expressed on various APC subsets and has been suggested to bind necrotic and apoptotic cells. Here we study DEC-205 characteristics in plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) obtained from healthy individuals and assess its ability to mediate antigen presentation by isolating sufficient numbers of pDCs from apheresis material obtained from stage III/IV melanoma patients. The results demonstrate that DEC-205 is expressed on human pDCs. Internalization of DEC-205 after antibody ligation is clathrin- and dynamin-dependent as it is blocked by hypertonic shock or by inhibition of dynamin activity. Antibody targeting to DEC-205 does not affect TLR-induced expression levels of co-stimulatory and MHC molecules, but clearly impairs TLR-induced IFN-α secretion by 40%. We observed that TLR-mediated signaling increases DEC-205 expression levels without affecting receptor internalization. Moreover, human pDCs retained the capacity to present antigens via DEC-205 following TLR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurjen Tel
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Kemp B, Schmitz S, Krusche CA, Rath W, von Rango U. Dendritic cells are equally distributed in intrauterine and tubal ectopic pregnancies. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:28-32. [PMID: 20630506 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2009] [Revised: 04/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine different stages of dendritic cells (DCs) in intrauterine (IUPs) and viable tubal (VTPs) pregnancies to further elucidate mechanisms of fetomaternal tolerance and extravillous trophoblast invasion. DESIGN Experimental study on patient-controlled material. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Seven women with normal IUPs and ten with VTPs in the first trimester. INTERVENTION(S) Suction curettage in IUP, laparoscopy in VTP. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin-7 (trophoblast), CD83 (mature DCs), DEC205 (activated but not fully mature DCs), DC-SIGN (immature macrophage-like DCs), and CD14 (macrophages) alone and in double staining. RESULT(S) The numbers of CD83+ and DEC205+ cells were similarly low in IUP and VTP (0.83 and 0.44 cells/mm2; 2.28 and 2.96 cells/mm2). The number of DC-SIGN+ cells was higher, though without significant differences among the entities examined (57.5 and 47.4 cells/mm2). About two-thirds of DC-SIGN+ cells were also CD14+ in IUP and VTP. CONCLUSION(S) The almost equal distribution of CD83+, DEC205+, and DC-SIGN+ cells in IUP and VTP suggests analogue control mechanisms in intrauterine and extrauterine DC differentiation and a comparable role of these DCs for the development of fetomaternal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Kemp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), Aachen, Germany.
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Allam JP, Würtzen PA, Reinartz M, Winter J, Vrtala S, Chen KW, Valenta R, Wenghoefer M, Appel T, Gros E, Niederhagen B, Bieber T, Lund K, Novak N. Phl p 5 resorption in human oral mucosa leads to dose-dependent and time-dependent allergen binding by oral mucosal Langerhans cells, attenuates their maturation, and enhances their migratory and TGF-beta1 and IL-10-producing properties. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126:638-45.e1. [PMID: 20584546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is safe and effective as treatment of allergic rhinitis and mild asthma. Oral mucosal Langerhans cells (oLCs) play a central role. However, little is known about allergen binding by oLCs during mucosal allergen resorption and its impact on oLC functions. OBJECTIVE Binding of Phl p 5 to oLCs was studied in a standardized ex vivo model to investigate mechanisms important for SLIT. METHODS Human oral mucosal biopsies were incubated with the grass pollen allergen Phl p 5. Migration, binding of Phl p 5, phenotype and cytokine production, and T-cell priming of Phl p 5-binding oLCs were analyzed. RESULTS Significant uptake required more than 5 minutes, and dose-dependent binding of Phl p 5 to oLCs was saturated at 100 microg/mL Phl p 5. Furthermore, Phl p 5 significantly increased the migratory capacity of oLCs but attenuated their maturation and strongly promoted the release of TGF-beta1 and IL-10 by oLCs themselves as well as by cocultured T cells. CONCLUSION Oral mucosal Langerhans cells bind Phlp5 in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, leading to an increased production of tolerogenic cytokines and an enhanced migratory capacity but decelerated maturation of oLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Allam
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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García-Nieto S, Johal RK, Shakesheff KM, Emara M, Royer PJ, Chau DYS, Shakib F, Ghaemmaghami AM. Laminin and fibronectin treatment leads to generation of dendritic cells with superior endocytic capacity. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10123. [PMID: 20419094 PMCID: PMC2856673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sampling the microenvironment at sites of microbial exposure by dendritic cells (DC) and their subsequent interaction with T cells in the paracortical area of lymph nodes are key events for initiating immune responses. Most of our knowledge of such events in human is based on in vitro studies performed in the absence of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. ECM in basement membranes and interstitial spaces of different tissues, including lymphoid organs, plays an important role in controlling specific cellular functions such as migration, intracellular signalling and differentiation. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the impact of two abundant ECM components, fibronectin and laminin, on the phenotypical and functional properties of DC and how that might influence DC induced T-cell differentiation. Methodology/Principal Findings Human monocyte derived DC were treated with laminin and fibronectin for up to 48 hours and their morphology and phenotype was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, flow cytometry and real time PCR. The endocytic ability of DC was determined using flow cytometry. Furthermore, co-culture of DC and T cells were established and T cell proliferation and cytokine profile was measured using H3-thymidine incorporation and ELISA respectively. Finally, we assessed formation of DC-T cell conjugates using different cell trackers and flow cytometry. Our data show that in the presence of ECM, DC maintain a ‘more immature’ phenotype and express higher levels of key endocytic receptors, and as a result become significantly better endocytic cells, but still fully able to mature in response to stimulation as evidenced by their superior ability to induce antigen-specific T cell differentiation. Conclusion These studies underline the importance of including ECM components in in vitro studies investigating DC biology and DC-T cell interaction. Within the context of antigen specific DC induced T cell proliferation, inclusion of ECM proteins could lead to development of more sensitive assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel García-Nieto
- Allergy Research Group, School of Molecular Medical Sciences and Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ramneek K. Johal
- Allergy Research Group, School of Molecular Medical Sciences and Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M. Shakesheff
- Tissue Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Emara
- Allergy Research Group, School of Molecular Medical Sciences and Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre-Joseph Royer
- Allergy Research Group, School of Molecular Medical Sciences and Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Y. S. Chau
- Allergy Research Group, School of Molecular Medical Sciences and Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Farouk Shakib
- Allergy Research Group, School of Molecular Medical Sciences and Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amir M. Ghaemmaghami
- Allergy Research Group, School of Molecular Medical Sciences and Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Suzuki M, Zheng X, Zhang X, Ichim TE, Beduhn ME, Min W. Oligonucleotide based-strategies for allergy with special reference to siRNA. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 9:441-50. [PMID: 19344281 DOI: 10.1517/14712590902841924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases are a significant global health care problem. Current pharmacological approaches address symptoms but do not alter the underlying immune dysregulation. Current allergen-specific immunotherapy has several drawbacks. Therefore, approaches that attenuate allergic responses safely and effectively at the level of upstream causative events are desirable. Oligonuleotide-based therapies [CpG DNA, antisense oligonucleotides, and small interfering RNA (siRNA)] are promising approaches. OBJECTIVE/METHODS We review developments in oligonucleotide-based therapies and the potential of siRNA for treating allergy. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Strategies with oligonucleotides basically aim to reduce T helper type 2 (Th2) responses. It is controversial whether the reduction of Th2 responses does, in fact, attenuate allergic diseases. Increased understanding of allergic mechanisms will enhance the efficacy of oligonucleotide-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiko Suzuki
- University of Western Ontario, University Hospital C9 - 136, Department of Surgery, London, Ontario, N6A 5A5, Canada
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