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Xu X, Chen Y, Kong L, Li X, Chen D, Yang Z, Wang J. Potential biomarkers for immune monitoring after renal transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2024; 84:102046. [PMID: 38679337 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2024.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Renal transplantation represents the foremost efficacious approach for ameliorating end-stage renal disease. Despite the current state of advanced renal transplantation techniques and the established postoperative immunosuppression strategy, a subset of patients continues to experience immune rejection during both the early and late postoperative phases, ultimately leading to graft loss. Consequently, the identification of immunobiomarkers capable of predicting the onset of immune rejection becomes imperative in order to facilitate early intervention strategies and enhance long-term prognoses. Upon reviewing the pertinent literature, we identified several indicators that could potentially serve as immune biomarkers to varying extents. These include the T1/T2 ratio, Treg/Th17 ratio, IL-10/TNF-α ratio, IL-33, IL-34, IL-6, IL-4, other cytokines, and NOX2/4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xu
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Shandong Medical College, Jinan, China
| | | | - Xianduo Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.
| | - Jianning Wang
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.
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2
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Vitallé J, Zenarruzabeitia O, Merino-Pérez A, Terrén I, Orrantia A, Pacho de Lucas A, Iribarren JA, García-Fraile LJ, Balsalobre L, Amo L, de Andrés B, Borrego F. Human IgM hiCD300a + B Cells Are Circulating Marginal Zone Memory B Cells That Respond to Pneumococcal Polysaccharides and Their Frequency Is Decreased in People Living with HIV. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13754. [PMID: 37762055 PMCID: PMC10530418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CD300a is differentially expressed among B cell subsets, although its expression in immunoglobulin (Ig)M+ B cells is not well known. We identified a B cell subset expressing CD300a and high levels of IgM (IgMhiCD300a+). The results showed that IgMhiCD300a+ B cells were CD10-CD27+CD25+IgDloCD21hiCD23-CD38loCD1chi, suggesting that they are circulating marginal zone (MZ) IgM memory B cells. Regarding the immunoglobulin repertoire, IgMhiCD300a+ B cells exhibited a higher mutation rate and usage of the IgH-VDJ genes than the IgM+CD300a- counterpart. Moreover, the shorter complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) amino acid (AA) length from IgMhiCD300a+ B cells together with the predicted antigen experience repertoire indicates that this B cell subset has a memory phenotype. IgM memory B cells are important in T cell-independent responses. Accordingly, we demonstrate that this particular subset secretes higher amounts of IgM after stimulation with pneumococcal polysaccharides or a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist than IgM+CD300a- cells. Finally, the frequency of IgMhiCD300a+ B cells was lower in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) and it was inversely correlated with the years with HIV infection. Altogether, these data help to identify a memory B cell subset that contributes to T cell-independent responses to pneumococcal infections and may explain the increase in severe pneumococcal infections and the impaired responses to pneumococcal vaccination in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Vitallé
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (O.Z.); (A.M.-P.); (I.T.); (A.O.); (L.A.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Olatz Zenarruzabeitia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (O.Z.); (A.M.-P.); (I.T.); (A.O.); (L.A.)
| | - Aitana Merino-Pérez
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (O.Z.); (A.M.-P.); (I.T.); (A.O.); (L.A.)
| | - Iñigo Terrén
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (O.Z.); (A.M.-P.); (I.T.); (A.O.); (L.A.)
| | - Ane Orrantia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (O.Z.); (A.M.-P.); (I.T.); (A.O.); (L.A.)
| | - Arantza Pacho de Lucas
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain;
- Immunology Service, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - José A. Iribarren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Donostia University Hospital, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Lucio J. García-Fraile
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Internal Medicine, La Princesa University Hospital, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luz Balsalobre
- Laboratory of Microbiology, UR Salud, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, 28702 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Laura Amo
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (O.Z.); (A.M.-P.); (I.T.); (A.O.); (L.A.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Belén de Andrés
- Immunobiology Department, Carlos III Health Institute, 28220 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Francisco Borrego
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (O.Z.); (A.M.-P.); (I.T.); (A.O.); (L.A.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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3
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Guinn MT, Szuter ES, Yokose T, Ge J, Rosales IA, Chetal K, Sadreyev RI, Cuenca AG, Kreisel D, Sage PT, Russell PS, Madsen JC, Colvin RB, Alessandrini A. Intragraft B cell differentiation during the development of tolerance to kidney allografts is associated with a regulatory B cell signature revealed by single cell transcriptomics. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:1319-1330. [PMID: 37295719 PMCID: PMC11232115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mouse kidney allografts are spontaneously accepted in select, fully mismatched donor-recipient strain combinations, like DBA/2J to C57BL/6 (B6), by natural tolerance. We previously showed accepted renal grafts form aggregates containing various immune cells within 2 weeks posttransplant, referred to as regulatory T cell-rich organized lymphoid structures, which are a novel regulatory tertiary lymphoid organ. To characterize the cells within T cell-rich organized lymphoid structures, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on CD45+ sorted cells from accepted and rejected renal grafts from 1-week to 6-months posttransplant. Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed a shifting from a T cell-dominant to a B cell-rich population by 6 months with an increased regulatory B cell signature. Furthermore, B cells were a greater proportion of the early infiltrating cells in accepted vs rejecting grafts. Flow cytometry of B cells at 20 weeks posttransplant revealed T cell, immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-1+ B cells, potentially implicating a regulatory role in the maintenance of allograft tolerance. Lastly, B cell trajectory analysis revealed intragraft differentiation from precursor B cells to memory B cells in accepted allografts. In summary, we show a shifting T cell- to B cell-rich environment and a differential cellular pattern among accepted vs rejecting kidney allografts, possibly implicating B cells in the maintenance of kidney allograft acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tyler Guinn
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward S Szuter
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Takahiro Yokose
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jifu Ge
- Boston's Children Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ivy A Rosales
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kashish Chetal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex G Cuenca
- Boston's Children Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Peter T Sage
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul S Russell
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joren C Madsen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert B Colvin
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alessandro Alessandrini
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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4
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Patel D, Munhoz J, Goruk S, Richard C, Field CJ. The Programming Effect of Plant-Based DHA, Along with Equivalent AA, on Immune System and Oral Tolerance Development in Six-Week Allergy Prone BALB/c Pups. J Nutr 2023; 153:2482-2496. [PMID: 37276938 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) on oral tolerance (OT) development in allergy-prone infants is less known. OBJECTIVES We aim to determine the effects of early life DHA supplementation (1% of total fat, from novel canola oil), along with AA, on OT toward ovalbumin (ova, egg protein) in allergy-prone BALB/c pups at 6-wk. METHODS Breastfeeding dams (n ≥ 10/diet) were fed DHA+AA (1% DHA, 1% AA wt/wt of total fat) or control (0% DHA, 0% AA) suckling period diet (SPD) during which pups consumed dam's milk. At 3-wk, pups from each SPD group were assigned to either the control or DHA+AA weaning diet. For OT, pups from each diet group were either orally fed ova or placebo daily from 21-25 d. Systemic immunization to ova was induced through intraperitoneal injections before euthanizing 6-wk pups. Ova-specific immunoglobulin (ova-Ig) and splenocytes ex-vivo cytokine response to different stimuli were analyzed using a 3-factor analysis of variance. RESULTS OT-induced suppression was seen in ova-stimulated splenocyte ex-vivo response, where ova-tolerized pups showed significantly lower total immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgG1, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 production than sucrose (placebo) pups. DHA+AA SPD was associated with 3 times lower plasma concentrations of ova-IgE (P = 0.03) than controls. DHA+AA weaning diet resulted in lower T helper type-2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-6) with ova stimulation than controls, which may benefit OT. DHA+AA SPD resulted in significantly higher T cell cytokine response [IL-2, interferon-gamma, (IFNγ) and IL-1β] to anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation than controls. The splenocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide produced lower inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, and C-X-C motif ligand 1), which may be because of lower CD11b+CD68+ splenocytes proportion in pups from DHA+AA SPD than control (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS DHA and AA in early life may influence OT in allergy-prone BALB/c mouse offspring, as they effectively promote T helper type-1 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruvesh Patel
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaqueline Munhoz
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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5
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Inaba A, Tuong ZK, Zhao TX, Stewart AP, Mathews R, Truman L, Sriranjan R, Kennet J, Saeb-Parsy K, Wicker L, Waldron-Lynch F, Cheriyan J, Todd JA, Mallat Z, Clatworthy MR. Low-dose IL-2 enhances the generation of IL-10-producing immunoregulatory B cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2071. [PMID: 37045832 PMCID: PMC10097719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37424-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of interleukin-10 producing regulatory B cells has been associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, but whether regulatory B cells can be therapeutically induced in humans is currently unknown. Here we demonstrate that a subset of activated B cells expresses CD25, and the addition of low-dose recombinant IL-2 to in vitro stimulated peripheral blood and splenic human B cells augments IL-10 secretion. Administration of low dose IL-2, aldesleukin, to patients increases IL-10-producing B cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing of circulating immune cells isolated from low dose IL2-treated patients reveals an increase in plasmablast and plasma cell populations that are enriched for a regulatory B cell gene signature. The transcriptional repressor BACH2 is significantly down-regulated in plasma cells from IL-2-treated patients, BACH2 binds to the IL-10 gene promoter, and Bach2 depletion or genetic deficiency increases B cell IL-10, implicating BACH2 suppression as an important mechanism by which IL-2 may promote an immunoregulatory phenotype in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimichi Inaba
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Tian X Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew P Stewart
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebeccah Mathews
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucy Truman
- Ear, Nose Throat Department, West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmunds, UK
| | - Rouchelle Sriranjan
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jane Kennet
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Linda Wicker
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Frank Waldron-Lynch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Autoimmunity Transplantation Inflammation, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Cheriyan
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John A Todd
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Universite de Paris and INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
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6
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McKenzie CI, Varese N, Aui PM, Reinwald S, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Thien F, Hew M, Rolland JM, O'Hehir RE, van Zelm MC. RNA sequencing of single allergen-specific memory B cells after grass pollen immunotherapy: Two unique cell fates and CD29 as a biomarker for treatment effect. Allergy 2023; 78:822-835. [PMID: 36153670 PMCID: PMC10952829 DOI: 10.1111/all.15529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) for grass pollen allergy can modify the natural history of allergic rhinitis and is associated with increased allergen-specific IgG4 . IgG4 competitively inhibits functional IgE on the surface of effector cells, such as mast cells and basophils, from binding to allergens. To further understand the important role memory B-cell (Bmem) responses play in mediating the beneficial effects of SLIT, we assessed changes in allergen-specific Bmem subsets induced by SLIT for grass pollen allergy. METHODS Blood samples were collected twice outside the pollen season from twenty-seven patients with sensitization to ryegrass pollen (RGP; Lolium perenne) and seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis. Thirteen received 4-month pre-seasonal SLIT for grass pollen allergy, and 14 received standard pharmacotherapy only. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on FACS-purified Lol p 1-specific Bmem before and after SLIT from four patients, and significant genes were validated by flow cytometry on the total cohort. RESULTS Four months of SLIT increased RGP-specific IgE and IgG4 in serum and induced two Lol p 1-specific Bmem subsets with unique transcriptional profiles. Both subsets had upregulated expression of beta 1 integrin ITGB1 (CD29), whereas IGHE (IgE), IGHG4 (IgG4 ), FCER2 (CD23), and IL13RA1 were upregulated in one subset. There was an increase in the proportion of Lol p 1+ Bmem expressing surface IgG4 , CD23, and CD29 after SLIT. CONCLUSIONS A clinically successful 4 months course of SLIT for grass pollen allergy induces two transcriptionally unique Bmem fates. Associated changes in surface-expressed proteins on these Bmem subsets can be used as early biomarkers for treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig I. McKenzie
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Nirupama Varese
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Pei Mun Aui
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Simone Reinwald
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Bruce D. Wines
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Immune Therapies GroupBurnet InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PathologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - P. Mark Hogarth
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Immune Therapies GroupBurnet InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PathologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Francis Thien
- Respiratory Medicine, Eastern HealthBox Hill and Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Mark Hew
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Allergy, Asthma and Clinical ImmunologyAlfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jennifer M. Rolland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Robyn E. O'Hehir
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Allergy, Asthma and Clinical ImmunologyAlfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Menno C. van Zelm
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Allergy, Asthma and Clinical ImmunologyAlfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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7
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Zhu B, Chen S, Bai Y, Chen H, Liao G, Mukherjee N, Vazquez G, McIlwain DR, Tzankov A, Lee IT, Matter MS, Goltsev Y, Ma Z, Nolan GP, Jiang S. Robust single-cell matching and multimodal analysis using shared and distinct features. Nat Methods 2023; 20:304-315. [PMID: 36624212 PMCID: PMC9911356 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to align individual cellular information from multiple experimental sources is fundamental for a systems-level understanding of biological processes. However, currently available tools are mainly designed for single-cell transcriptomics matching and integration, and generally rely on a large number of shared features across datasets for cell matching. This approach underperforms when applied to single-cell proteomic datasets due to the limited number of parameters simultaneously accessed and lack of shared markers across these experiments. Here, we introduce a cell-matching algorithm, matching with partial overlap (MARIO) that accounts for both shared and distinct features, while consisting of vital filtering steps to avoid suboptimal matching. MARIO accurately matches and integrates data from different single-cell proteomic and multimodal methods, including spatial techniques and has cross-species capabilities. MARIO robustly matched tissue macrophages identified from COVID-19 lung autopsies via codetection by indexing imaging to macrophages recovered from COVID-19 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing, revealing unique immune responses within the lung microenvironment of patients with COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokai Zhu
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Shuxiao Chen
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Statistics and Data Science, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Yunhao Bai
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Han Chen
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Guanrui Liao
- grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
| | - Nilanjan Mukherjee
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Gustavo Vazquez
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - David R. McIlwain
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan T. Lee
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Matthias S. Matter
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yury Goltsev
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Zongming Ma
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
| | - Garry P. Nolan
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Sizun Jiang
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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8
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The Impact of Exosomes/Microvesicles Derived from Myeloid Dendritic Cells Cultured in the Presence of Calcitriol and Tacalcitol on Acute B-Cell Precursor Cell Lines with MLL Fusion Gene. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082224. [PMID: 35456315 PMCID: PMC9032710 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D analogs (VDAs) may directly inhibit the growth of normal and malignant (derived from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)) B cells, as both types of cells express vitamin D receptor (VDR). We performed anti-proliferative, morphology tests and phenotyping to evaluate the sensitivity of monocytes and iDCs (immature myeloid-derived dendritic cells) on calcitriol and tacalcitol treatment, phenotyping, morphology, and size distribution measurement to determine the characteristics of microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (EXs) derived from them and, finally, phenotyping and Elisa test to determine the effects of VDAs on modulation of the phenotype of B cells through extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by iDCs. Our results confirmed that both SC cells and iDCs were sensitive to the VDAs and showed altered surface expression of markers associated with monocyte differentiation, which was resulting in the phenotypic changes in EVs derived from them. We also showed that obtained EVs could change the morphology and phenotype of ALL-B-derived precursor cells in a different way, depending on their origin. The differential effect of VDAs on ALL-B cells, which was associated with increased or decreased expression of CD27, CD24, CD38, and CD23 expression, was observed. Hence, further studies to explain the modulation in the composition of EVs by VDAs are required.
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9
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Atitey K, Anchang B. Mathematical Modeling of Proliferative Immune Response Initiated by Interactions Between Classical Antigen-Presenting Cells Under Joint Antagonistic IL-2 and IL-4 Signaling. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:777390. [PMID: 35155574 PMCID: PMC8831889 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.777390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During an adaptive immune response from pathogen invasion, multiple cytokines are produced by various immune cells interacting jointly at the cellular level to mediate several processes. For example, studies have shown that regulation of interleukin-4 (IL-4) correlates with interleukin-2 (IL-2) induced lymphocyte proliferation. This motivates the need to better understand and model the mechanisms driving the dynamic interplay of proliferation of lymphocytes with the complex interaction effects of cytokines during an immune response. To address this challenge, we adopt a hybrid computational approach comprising of continuous, discrete and stochastic non-linear model formulations to predict a system-level immune response as a function of multiple dependent signals and interacting agents including cytokines and targeted immune cells. We propose a hybrid ordinary differential equation-based (ODE) multicellular model system with a stochastic component of antigen microscopic states denoted as Multiscale Multicellular Quantitative Evaluator (MMQE) implemented using MATLAB. MMQE combines well-defined immune response network-based rules and ODE models to capture the complex dynamic interactions between the proliferation levels of different types of communicating lymphocyte agents mediated by joint regulation of IL-2 and IL-4 to predict the emergent global behavior of the system during an immune response. We model the activation of the immune system in terms of different activation protocols of helper T cells by the interplay of independent biological agents of classic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and their joint activation which is confounded by the exposure time to external pathogens. MMQE quantifies the dynamics of lymphocyte proliferation during pathogen invasion as bivariate distributions of IL-2 and IL-4 concentration levels. Specifically, by varying activation agents such as dendritic cells (DC), B cells and their joint mechanism of activation, we quantify how lymphocyte activation and differentiation protocols boost the immune response against pathogen invasion mediated by a joint downregulation of IL-4 and upregulation of IL-2. We further compare our in-silico results to in-vivo and in-vitro experimental studies for validation. In general, MMQE combines intracellular and extracellular effects from multiple interacting systems into simpler dynamic behaviors for better interpretability. It can be used to aid engineering of anti-infection drugs or optimizing drug combination therapies against several diseases.
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10
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Mehdipour Dalivand M, Tizro P, Aggarwal A, Nava VE. Increased CD23 expression in postsplenectomy polyclonal B-Cell lymphocytosis. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 44:e32-e35. [PMID: 34448336 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Parastou Tizro
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anita Aggarwal
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Victor E Nava
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pathology, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC, USA
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11
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Modulation of Splenic B Cell Subsets during Experimental Leishmania donovani Infection in BALB/c Mice. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070814. [PMID: 34209841 PMCID: PMC8308600 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium antimonials are one of the major and common drugs used against visceral form leishmaniasis (VL). However, the development of drug resistance makes it difficult to manage this disease. Current work investigates the modulation of splenic B cells during experimental infection with antimony-sensitive and -resistant Leishmania donovani infection. Here we phenotypically characterized splenic B cell subsets in BALB/c mice infected with antimony drug-sensitive and -resistant VL strains using flow-cytometry method. In the splenocytes we noticed increased number of Transitional T3 B cells and B1a B cells in drug-resistant VL strain infection. Besides, we also observed alteration in Follicular B cell population of antimony-resistant strain infected mice. Drug-resistant strain induced secretion of elevated level of IL-10 from B1a B cells and IL-6 from Transitional T3 B cell subsets in the splenocytes. Purified splenic B cells from antimony drug-resistant strain infected mice showed decrease in the Lyn kinase gene expression compared to sensitive strain infected and uninfected mice. The current study provides insight into changes in host splenic B-cell subsets during experimental infection with antimony-sensitive and -resistant L. donovani in murine model.
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12
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Giltiay NV, Giordano D, Clark EA. The Plasticity of Newly Formed B Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 203:3095-3104. [PMID: 31818922 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Newly formed B cells (NF-B cells) that emerge from the bone marrow to the periphery have often been referred to as immature or transitional B cells. However, NF-B cells have several striking characteristics, including a distinct BCR repertoire, high expression of AID, high sensitivity to PAMPs, and the ability to produce cytokines. A number of findings do not support their designation as immature because NF-B cells have the potential to become Ab-producing cells and to undergo class-switch recombination. In this review, we provide a fresh perspective on NF-B cell functions and describe some of the signals driving their activation. We summarize growing evidence supporting a role for NF-B cells in protection against infections and as a potential source of autoantibody-producing cells in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Giltiay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; and
| | - Daniela Giordano
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Edward A Clark
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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13
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Riedel R, Addo R, Ferreira-Gomes M, Heinz GA, Heinrich F, Kummer J, Greiff V, Schulz D, Klaeden C, Cornelis R, Menzel U, Kröger S, Stervbo U, Köhler R, Haftmann C, Kühnel S, Lehmann K, Maschmeyer P, McGrath M, Naundorf S, Hahne S, Sercan-Alp Ö, Siracusa F, Stefanowski J, Weber M, Westendorf K, Zimmermann J, Hauser AE, Reddy ST, Durek P, Chang HD, Mashreghi MF, Radbruch A. Discrete populations of isotype-switched memory B lymphocytes are maintained in murine spleen and bone marrow. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2570. [PMID: 32444631 PMCID: PMC7244721 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, it is not clear how memory B lymphocytes are maintained over time, and whether only as circulating cells or also residing in particular tissues. Here we describe distinct populations of isotype-switched memory B lymphocytes (Bsm) of murine spleen and bone marrow, identified according to individual transcriptional signature and B cell receptor repertoire. A population of marginal zone-like cells is located exclusively in the spleen, while a population of quiescent Bsm is found only in the bone marrow. Three further resident populations, present in spleen and bone marrow, represent transitional and follicular B cells and B1 cells, respectively. A population representing 10-20% of spleen and bone marrow memory B cells is the only one qualifying as circulating. In the bone marrow, all cells individually dock onto VCAM1+ stromal cells and, reminiscent of resident memory T and plasma cells, are void of activation, proliferation and mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Riedel
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Richard Addo
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Ferreira-Gomes
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gitta Anne Heinz
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederik Heinrich
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jannis Kummer
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH Zürich), CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Schulz
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cora Klaeden
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca Cornelis
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Menzel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH Zürich), CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kröger
- Knowledge Management in Bioinformatics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrik Stervbo
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Köhler
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Haftmann
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Universitätsspital Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Kühnel
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Lehmann
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Maschmeyer
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mairi McGrath
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Naundorf
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hahne
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Özen Sercan-Alp
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- R&D, TA Immunology & Inflammation Research, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Francesco Siracusa
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Stefanowski
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Weber
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Westendorf
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Zimmermann
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anja E Hauser
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sai T Reddy
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH Zürich), CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pawel Durek
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- BCRT/DRFZ Single-Cell Laboratory for Advanced Cellular Therapies - Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Han J, Yang M, Zhu J, Jin T. Transitional B cells involved in autoimmunity and their impact on neuroimmunological diseases. J Transl Med 2020; 18:131. [PMID: 32183811 PMCID: PMC7079408 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transitional B cells (TrB cells) represent a crucial link between immature B cells in the bone marrow and mature peripheral B cells. Although TrB cells represent one of the regulatory B cell subpopulations in healthy individuals, the frequency of CD24hiCD38hi TrB cells in circulation may be altered in individuals with autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitisoptica spectrum disorders, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, and juvenile dermatomyositis. Although TrB cells play regulatory roles under inflammatory conditions, consequences of their functional impairment vary across autoimmune diseases. Since the origin, development, and function of TrB cells, especially in humans, remain unclear and controversial, this review aimed to discuss the characteristics of TrB cells at steady state and explore their role in various immune diseases, including autoimmune rheumatic diseases and neuroimmunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mengge Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71#, Changchun, 130021, China.
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15
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Irons EE, Lau JTY. Systemic ST6Gal-1 Is a Pro-survival Factor for Murine Transitional B Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2150. [PMID: 30294329 PMCID: PMC6159744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity depends on intrinsic B cell developmental programs guided by systemic signals that convey physiologic needs. Aberrant cues or their improper interpretation can lead to immune insufficiency or a failure of tolerance and autoimmunity. The means by which such systemic signals are conveyed remain poorly understood. Hence, further insight is essential to understanding and treating autoimmune diseases and to the development of improved vaccines. ST6Gal-1 is a sialyltransferase that constructs the α2,6-sialyl linkage on cell surface and extracellular glycans. The requirement for functional ST6Gal-1 in the development of humoral immunity is well documented. Canonically, ST6Gal-1 resides within the intracellular ER-Golgi secretory apparatus and participates in cell-autonomous glycosylation. However, a significant pool of extracellular ST6Gal-1 exists in circulation. Here, we segregate the contributions of B cell intrinsic and extrinsic ST6Gal-1 to B cell development. We observed that B cell-intrinsic ST6Gal-1 is required for marginal zone B cell development, while B cell non-autonomous ST6Gal-1 modulates B cell development and survival at the early transitional stages of the marrow and spleen. Exposure to extracellular ST6Gal-1 ex vivo enhanced the formation of IgM-high B cells from immature precursors, and increased CD23 and IgM expression. Extrinsic sialylation by extracellular ST6Gal-1 augmented BAFF-mediated activation of the non-canonical NF-kB, p38 MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways, and accelerated tyrosine phosphorylation after B cell receptor stimulation. in vivo, systemic ST6Gal-1 did not influence homing of B cells to the spleen but was critical for their long-term survival and systemic IgG levels. Circulatory ST6Gal-1 levels respond to inflammation, infection, and malignancy in mammals, including humans. In turn, we have shown previously that systemic ST6Gal-1 regulates inflammatory cell production by modifying bone marrow myeloid progenitors. Our data here point to an additional role of systemic ST6Gal-1 in guiding B cell development, which supports the concept that circulating ST6Gal-1 is a conveyor of systemic cues to guide the development of multiple branches of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Irons
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Joseph T Y Lau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
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16
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Palma M, Krstic A, Peña Perez L, Berglöf A, Meinke S, Wang Q, Blomberg KEM, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Shen Q, Jaremko G, Lundin J, De Paepe A, Höglund P, Kimby E, Österborg A, Månsson R, Smith CIE. Ibrutinib induces rapid down-regulation of inflammatory markers and altered transcription of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia-related genes in blood and lymph nodes. Br J Haematol 2018; 183:212-224. [PMID: 30125946 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients, treatment with the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib induces a rapid shift of tumour cells from lymph nodes (LN) to peripheral blood (PB). Here, we characterized in depth the dynamics of ibrutinib-induced inflammatory, transcriptional and cellular changes in different compartments immediately after treatment initiation in seven relapsed/refractory CLL patients. Serial PB and LN samples were taken before start and during the first 29 days of treatment. Changes in plasma inflammation-related biomarkers, CLL cell RNA expression, B-cell activation and migration markers expression, and PB mononuclear cell populations were assessed. A significant reduction of 10 plasma inflammation markers, the majority of which were chemokines and not CLL-derived, was observed within hours, and was paralleled by very early increase of CD19+ circulating cells. At the RNA level, significant and continuous changes in transcription factors and signalling molecules linked to B-cell receptor signalling and CLL biology was observed in both PB and LN CLL cells already after 2 days of treatment. In conclusion, ibrutinib seems to instantly shut off an ongoing inflammatory response and interfere with diverse sensitive pathways in the LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Palma
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Haematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Krstic
- Centre for Haematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucia Peña Perez
- Centre for Haematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Berglöf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan Meinke
- Centre for Haematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Qiujin Shen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Georg Jaremko
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Lundin
- Department of Haematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ayla De Paepe
- Centre for Haematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Höglund
- Centre for Haematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Kimby
- Department of Haematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Haematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Österborg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Haematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Månsson
- Department of Haematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C I Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Tay C, Liu YH, Kanellakis P, Kallies A, Li Y, Cao A, Hosseini H, Tipping P, Toh BH, Bobik A, Kyaw T. Follicular B Cells Promote Atherosclerosis via T Cell–Mediated Differentiation Into Plasma Cells and Secreting Pathogenic Immunoglobulin G. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:e71-e84. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
B cells promote or protect development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined the role of MHCII (major histocompatibility II), CD40 (cluster of differentiation 40), and Blimp-1 (B-lymphocyte–induced maturation protein) expression by follicular B (FO B) cells in development of atherosclerosis together with the effects of IgG purified from atherosclerotic mice.
Approach and Results—
Using mixed chimeric
Ldlr
−/−
mice whose B cells are deficient in MHCII or CD40, we demonstrate that these molecules are critical for the proatherogenic actions of FO B cells. During development of atherosclerosis, these deficiencies affected T–B cell interactions, germinal center B cells, plasma cells, and IgG. As FO B cells differentiating into plasma cells require Blimp-1, we also assessed its role in the development of atherosclerosis. Blimp-1-deficient B cells greatly attenuated atherosclerosis and immunoglobulin—including IgG production, preventing IgG accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions; Blimp-1 deletion also attenuated lesion proinflammatory cytokines, apoptotic cell numbers, and necrotic core. To determine the importance of IgG for atherosclerosis, we purified IgG from atherosclerotic mice. Their transfer but not IgG from nonatherosclerotic mice into
Ldlr
−/−
mice whose B cells are Blimp-1-deficient increased atherosclerosis; transfer was associated with IgG accumulating in atherosclerotic lesions, increased lesion inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic cell numbers, and necrotic core size.
Conclusions—
The mechanism by which FO B cells promote atherosclerosis is highly dependent on their expression of MHCII, CD40, and Blimp-1. FO B cell differentiation into IgG-producing plasma cells also is critical for their proatherogenic actions. Targeting B–T cell interactions and pathogenic IgG may provide novel therapeutic strategies to prevent atherosclerosis and its adverse cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Tay
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
| | - Yu-Han Liu
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
| | - Axel Kallies
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.K.)
| | - Yi Li
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
| | - Anh Cao
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
| | - Hamid Hosseini
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
| | - Peter Tipping
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases (P.T., B.-H.T., T.K)
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases (P.T., B.-H.T., T.K)
| | - Alex Bobik
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
- Department of Immunology (A.B.), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tin Kyaw
- From the Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (C.T., Y.-H.L., P.K., Y.L., A.C., H.H., A.B., T.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases (P.T., B.-H.T., T.K)
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18
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Nakayama Y, Kosek J, Capone L, Hur EM, Schafer PH, Ringheim GE. Aiolos Overexpression in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus B Cell Subtypes and BAFF-Induced Memory B Cell Differentiation Are Reduced by CC-220 Modulation of Cereblon Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2388-2407. [PMID: 28848067 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BAFF is a B cell survival and maturation factor implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this in vitro study, we describe that soluble BAFF in combination with IL-2 and IL-21 is a T cell contact-independent inducer of human B cell proliferation, plasmablast differentiation, and IgG secretion from circulating CD27+ memory and memory-like CD27-IgD- double-negative (DN) B cells, but not CD27-IgD+ naive B cells. In contrast, soluble CD40L in combination with IL-2 and IL-21 induces these activities in both memory and naive B cells. Blood from healthy donors and SLE patients have similar circulating levels of IL-2, whereas SLE patients exhibit elevated BAFF and DN B cells and reduced IL-21. B cell differentiation transcription factors in memory, DN, and naive B cells in SLE show elevated levels of Aiolos, whereas Ikaros levels are unchanged. Treatment with CC-220, a modulator of the cullin ring ligase 4-cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, reduces Aiolos and Ikaros protein levels and BAFF- and CD40L-induced proliferation, plasmablast differentiation, and IgG secretion. The observation that the soluble factors BAFF, IL-2, and IL-21 induce memory and DN B cell activation and differentiation has implications for extrafollicular plasmablast development within inflamed tissue. Inhibition of B cell plasmablast differentiation by reduction of Aiolos and Ikaros may have utility in the treatment of SLE, where elevated levels of BAFF and Aiolos may prime CD27+ memory and DN memory-like B cells to become Ab-producing plasmablasts in the presence of BAFF and proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Nakayama
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
| | - Jolanta Kosek
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
| | - Lori Capone
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
| | - Eun Mi Hur
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
| | - Peter H Schafer
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
| | - Garth E Ringheim
- Inflammation and Immunology Translational Development, Celgene Corporation, Summit, NJ 07901
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19
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Bertocci B, Lecoeuche D, Sterlin D, Kühn J, Gaillard B, De Smet A, Lembo F, Bole-Feysot C, Cagnard N, Fadeev T, Dahan A, Weill JC, Reynaud CA. Klhl6 Deficiency Impairs Transitional B Cell Survival and Differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2408-2420. [PMID: 28807996 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Klhl6 belongs to the KLHL gene family, which is composed of an N-terminal BTB-POZ domain and four to six Kelch motifs in tandem. Several of these proteins function as adaptors of the Cullin3 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. In this article, we report that Klhl6 deficiency induces, as previously described, a 2-fold reduction in mature B cells. However, we find that this deficit is centered on the inability of transitional type 1 B cells to survive and to progress toward the transitional type 2 B cell stage, whereas cells that have passed this step generate normal germinal centers (GCs) upon a T-dependent immune challenge. Klhl6-deficient type 1 B cells showed a 2-fold overexpression of genes linked with cell proliferation, including most targets of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome complex, a set of genes whose expression is precisely downmodulated upon culture of splenic transitional B cells in the presence of BAFF. These results thus suggest a delay in the differentiation process of Klhl6-deficient B cells between the immature and transitional stage. We further show, in the BL2 Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, that KLHL6 interacts with Cullin3, but also that it binds to HBXIP/Lamtor5, a protein involved in cell-cycle regulation and cytokinesis. Finally, we report that KLHL6, which is recurrently mutated in B cell lymphomas, is an off-target of the normal somatic hypermutation process taking place in GC B cells in both mice and humans, thus leaving open whether, despite the lack of impact of Klhl6 deficiency on GC B cell expansion, mutants could contribute to the oncogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bertocci
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France;
| | - Damiana Lecoeuche
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Delphine Sterlin
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Julius Kühn
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg-August-University Medicine Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Baptiste Gaillard
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Annie De Smet
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Frederique Lembo
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068-CNRS UMR7258, 13273 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Plateforme de Génomique, Imagine Institut des Maladies Génétiques-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM 1163 and INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, 75015 Paris, France; and
| | - Nicolas Cagnard
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, Université Paris Descartes-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Tatiana Fadeev
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Auriel Dahan
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Jean-Claude Weill
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Claude-Agnès Reynaud
- Équipe Développement du Systéme Immunitaire, Institut Necker-Enfant Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Decartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France;
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20
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Mediation of transitional B cell maturation in the absence of functional Bruton's tyrosine kinase. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46029. [PMID: 28378771 PMCID: PMC5380950 DOI: 10.1038/srep46029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked immune-deficient (Xid) mice, carrying a mutation in Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk), have multiple B cell lineage differentiation defects. We now show that, while Xid mice showed only mild reduction in the frequency of the late transitional (T2) stage of peripheral B cells, the defect became severe when the Xid genotype was combined with either a CD40-null, a TCRbeta-null or an MHC class II (MHCII)-null genotype. Purified Xid T1 and T2 B cells survived poorly in vitro compared to wild-type (WT) cells. BAFF rescued WT but not Xid T1 and T2 B cells from death in culture, while CD40 ligation equivalently rescued both. Xid transitional B cells ex vivo showed low levels of the p100 protein substrate for non-canonical NF-kappaB signalling. In vitro, CD40 ligation induced equivalent activation of the canonical but not of the non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway in Xid and WT T1 and T2 B cells. CD40 ligation efficiently rescued p100-null T1 B cells from neglect-induced death in vitro. These data indicate that CD40-mediated signals, likely from CD4 T cells, can mediate peripheral transitional B cell maturation independent of Btk and the non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway, and thus contribute to the understanding of the complexities of peripheral B cell maturation.
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21
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Martin VG, Wu YCB, Townsend CL, Lu GHC, O'Hare JS, Mozeika A, Coolen ACC, Kipling D, Fraternali F, Dunn-Walters DK. Transitional B Cells in Early Human B Cell Development - Time to Revisit the Paradigm? Front Immunol 2016; 7:546. [PMID: 27994589 PMCID: PMC5133252 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The B cell repertoire is generated in the adult bone marrow by an ordered series of gene rearrangement processes that result in massive diversity of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes and consequently an equally large number of potential specificities for antigen. As the process is essentially random, the cells exhibiting excess reactivity with self-antigens are generated and need to be removed from the repertoire before the cells are fully mature. Some of the cells are deleted, and some will undergo receptor editing to see if changing the light chain can rescue an autoreactive antibody. As a consequence, the binding properties of the B cell receptor are changed as development progresses through pre-B ≫ immature ≫ transitional ≫ naïve phenotypes. Using long-read, high-throughput, sequencing we have produced a unique set of sequences from these four cell types in human bone marrow and matched peripheral blood, and our results describe the effects of tolerance selection on the B cell repertoire at the Ig gene level. Most strong effects of selection are seen within the heavy chain repertoire and can be seen both in gene usage and in CDRH3 characteristics. Age-related changes are small, and only the size of the CDRH3 shows constant and significant change in these data. The paucity of significant changes in either kappa or lambda light chain repertoires implies that either the heavy chain has more influence over autoreactivity than light chain and/or that switching between kappa and lambda light chains, as opposed to switching within the light chain loci, may effect a more successful autoreactive rescue by receptor editing. Our results show that the transitional cell population contains cells other than those that are part of the pre-B ≫ immature ≫ transitional ≫ naïve development pathway, since the population often shows a repertoire that is outside the trajectory of gene loss/gain between pre-B and naïve stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G Martin
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Inflammatory Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Yu-Chang Bryan Wu
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Catherine L Townsend
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Inflammatory Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Grace H C Lu
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Joselli Silva O'Hare
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey , Guildford, Surrey , UK
| | - Alexander Mozeika
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Institute for Mathematical and Molecular Biomedicine, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Anthonius C C Coolen
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Institute for Mathematical and Molecular Biomedicine, King's College London , London , UK
| | - David Kipling
- Institute of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Institute for Mathematical and Molecular Biomedicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Deborah K Dunn-Walters
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Inflammatory Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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22
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Cherukuri A, Salama AD, Carter CR, Landsittel D, Arumugakani G, Clark B, Rothstein DM, Baker RJ. Reduced human transitional B cell T1/T2 ratio is associated with subsequent deterioration in renal allograft function. Kidney Int 2016; 91:183-195. [PMID: 28029430 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human transitional B cells express relatively high IL-10 and low TNF-α levels, which correlate with B regulatory activity in vitro. Herein, we aim to further define B regulatory phenotype and determine whether B regulatory activity can serve as a prognostic marker for renal allograft dysfunction (graft loss or 2-fold fall in estimated glomerular filtration rate). Transitional B cells can be divided into T1 and T2 subsets based on surface phenotype. T1 cells express a significantly higher ratio of IL-10 to TNF-α than T2 cells or other B subsets. When analyzed in 45 kidney transplant recipients at the time of late for-cause biopsy, the T1/T2 ratio was independently associated with allograft dysfunction over the next 5 years. Next, the T1/T2 ratio was examined in an independent set of 97 clinically stable kidney transplant recipients 2 years after transplant. Again, the T1/T2 ratio was strongly and independently associated with allograft dysfunction over the ensuing 5 years. In these clinically quiescent patients, a low T1/T2 ratio identified a 41-patient subgroup in which 35% developed allograft dysfunction, with 25% losing their allografts. However, none of the 56 patients with a high ratio developed graft dysfunction. In both the initial study and validation groups, the T1/T2 ratio was a much stronger predictor of graft dysfunction than donor-specific antibodies or the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Thus, the T1/T2 ratio, a relative measure of expressing an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile, is a novel prognostic marker that might inform individualized immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Cherukuri
- Renal Transplant Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Alan D Salama
- UCL Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Douglas Landsittel
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Brendan Clark
- Renal Transplant Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David M Rothstein
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplant Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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23
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Kang JA, Kim WS, Park SG. Notch1 is an important mediator for enhancing of B-cell activation and antibody secretion by Notch ligand. Immunology 2015; 143:550-9. [PMID: 24913005 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of Notch1 and Notch2 in T-cell function have been well studied, but the functional roles of Notch in B cells have not been extensively investigated, except for Notch2 involvement in peripheral marginal zone B-cell differentiation. This study examined the roles of Notch1 in murine primary B cells. During B-cell activation by B-cell receptor ligation, Notch1 was up-regulated while Notch2 was not. In addition, Notch1 up-regulation itself did not contribute to the further activation of B cells, but the Notch ligand was important for Notch1-mediated further B-cell activation. Moreover, Notch1 deficiency significantly decreased B-cell activation and antibody secretion under the presence of Notch ligand. These data suggest that Notch1 is an important mediator for enhancing B-cell activation and antibody secretion by Notch ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea; Bio Imaging Research Centre and Immune Synapse Research Centre, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
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24
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Fasnacht N, Huang HY, Koch U, Favre S, Auderset F, Chai Q, Onder L, Kallert S, Pinschewer DD, MacDonald HR, Tacchini-Cottier F, Ludewig B, Luther SA, Radtke F. Specific fibroblastic niches in secondary lymphoid organs orchestrate distinct Notch-regulated immune responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:2265-79. [PMID: 25311507 PMCID: PMC4203954 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20132528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fasnacht et al. now show that fibroblasts in secondary lymphoid organs are responsible for the production of Notch ligands regulating the differentiation of immune cells Fibroblast-like cells of secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) are important for tissue architecture. In addition, they regulate lymphocyte compartmentalization through the secretion of chemokines, and participate in the orchestration of appropriate cell–cell interactions required for adaptive immunity. Here, we provide data demonstrating the functional importance of SLO fibroblasts during Notch-mediated lineage specification and immune response. Genetic ablation of the Notch ligand Delta-like (DL)1 identified splenic fibroblasts rather than hematopoietic or endothelial cells as niche cells, allowing Notch 2–driven differentiation of marginal zone B cells and of Esam+ dendritic cells. Moreover, conditional inactivation of DL4 in lymph node fibroblasts resulted in impaired follicular helper T cell differentiation and, consequently, in reduced numbers of germinal center B cells and absence of high-affinity antibodies. Our data demonstrate previously unknown roles for DL ligand-expressing fibroblasts in SLO niches as drivers of multiple Notch-mediated immune differentiation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fasnacht
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Experimental Cancer Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hsin-Ying Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ute Koch
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Experimental Cancer Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Favre
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Floriane Auderset
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Qian Chai
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Kallert
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel D Pinschewer
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - H Robson MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Tacchini-Cottier
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Freddy Radtke
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Experimental Cancer Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Mion F, D'Incà F, Danelli L, Toffoletto B, Guarnotta C, Frossi B, Burocchi A, Rigoni A, Gerdes N, Lutgens E, Tripodo C, Colombo MP, Rivera J, Vitale G, Pucillo CE. Mast cells control the expansion and differentiation of IL-10-competent B cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:4568-79. [PMID: 25267976 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of B cell subsets with regulatory properties, dependent on IL-10 production, has expanded our view on the mechanisms that control inflammation. Regulatory B cells acquire the ability to produce IL-10 in a stepwise process: first, they become IL-10 competent, a poised state in which B cells are sensitive to trigger signals but do not actually express the Il-10 gene; then, when exposed to appropriate stimuli, they start producing IL-10. Even if the existence of IL-10-competent B cells is now well established, it is not yet known how different immune cell types cross talk with B cells and affect IL-10-competent B cell differentiation and expansion. Mast cells (MCs) contribute to the differentiation and influence the effector functions of various immune cells, including B lymphocytes. In this study, we explored whether MCs could play a role in the expansion of IL-10-competent B cells and addressed the in vivo relevance of MC deficiency on the generation of these cells. We show that MCs can expand IL-10-competent B cells, but they do not directly induce IL-10 production; moreover, the absence of MCs negatively affects IL-10-competent B cell differentiation. Noteworthy, our findings reveal that the CD40L/CD40 axis plays a significant role in MC-driven expansion of IL-10-competent B cells in vitro and highlight the importance of MC CD40L signaling in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mion
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Federica D'Incà
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Luca Danelli
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Barbara Toffoletto
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Carla Guarnotta
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Barbara Frossi
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alessia Burocchi
- Unità di Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale e Medicina Molecolare, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Rigoni
- Unità di Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale e Medicina Molecolare, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany; Experimental Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Unità di Immunologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale e Medicina Molecolare, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Juan Rivera
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenetics, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Gaetano Vitale
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Carlo E Pucillo
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
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26
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Granato A, Hayashi EA, Baptista BJA, Bellio M, Nobrega A. IL-4 Regulates Bim Expression and Promotes B Cell Maturation in Synergy with BAFF Conferring Resistance to Cell Death at Negative Selection Checkpoints. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5761-75. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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27
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B lymphocytes: development, tolerance, and their role in autoimmunity-focus on systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmune Dis 2013; 2013:827254. [PMID: 24187614 PMCID: PMC3804284 DOI: 10.1155/2013/827254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes are the effectors of humoral immunity, providing defense against pathogens through different functions including antibody production. B cells constitute approximately 15% of peripheral blood leukocytes and arise from hemopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. It is here that their antigen receptors (surface immunoglobulin) are assembled. In the context of autoimmune diseases defined by B and/or T cell autoreactive that upon activation lead to chronic tissue inflammation and often irreversible structural and functional damage, B lymphocytes play an essential role by not only producing autoantibodies but also functioning as antigen-presenting cells (APC) and as a source of cytokines. In this paper, we describe B lymphocyte functions in autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases with a special focus on their abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus.
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28
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Yau IW, Cato MH, Jellusova J, Hurtado de Mendoza T, Brink R, Rickert RC. Censoring of self-reactive B cells by follicular dendritic cell-displayed self-antigen. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:1082-90. [PMID: 23817432 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the secondary lymphoid organs, intimate contact with follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) is required for B cell retention and Ag-driven selection during the germinal center response. However, selection of self-reactive B cells by Ag on FDCs has not been addressed. To this end, we generated a mouse model to conditionally express a membrane-bound self-antigen on FDCs and to monitor the fate of developing self-reactive B cells. In this article, we show that self-antigen displayed on FDCs mediates effective elimination of self-reactive B cells at the transitional stage. Notwithstanding, some self-reactive B cells persist beyond this checkpoint, showing evidence of Ag experience and intact proximal BCR signaling, but they are short-lived and unable to elicit T cell help. These results implicate FDCs as an important component of peripheral B cell tolerance that prevents the emergence of naive B cells capable of responding to sequestered self-antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene W Yau
- Program on Inflammatory Diseases, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Andrews SF, Dai X, Ryu BY, Gulick T, Ramachandran B, Rawlings DJ. Developmentally regulated expression of MEF2C limits the response to BCR engagement in transitional B cells. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:1327-36. [PMID: 22311635 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201142226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transitional and naïve mature peripheral B cells respond very differently to B-cell receptor (BCR) cross-linking. While transitional B cells undergo apoptosis upon BCR engagement, mature B cells survive and proliferate. This differential response correlates with the capacity of mature, but not transitional B cells to transcribe genes that promote cell survival and proliferation, including those encoding c-Myc and the Bcl-2 family members Bcl-xL and A1. We recently demonstrated that transitional B cells fail to assemble transcriptional machinery at the promoter region of these target genes despite equivalent cytoplasmic signaling and nuclear translocation of key transcription factors including NF-κB and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). The transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor-2C (MEF2C) is regulated by both calcineurin and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, and is essential for proliferation and survival downstream of BCR engagement in mature B cells. In this work, we demonstrate that transitional B cells have intrinsically low levels of MEF2C protein and DNA-binding activity, and that this developmental difference in MEF2C expression is functionally significant. Forced expression of MEF2C in transitional B cells promoted cell survival, proliferation, and upregulation of pro-survival genes. Thus, low MEF2C expression limits transitional B-cell responsiveness to BCR engagement before these cells reach maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Andrews
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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Rickert RC, Jellusova J, Miletic AV. Signaling by the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily in B-cell biology and disease. Immunol Rev 2012; 244:115-33. [PMID: 22017435 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) participate prominently in B-cell maturation and function. In particular, B-cell activating factor belonging to the TNF family receptor (BAFF-R), B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), and transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) play critical roles in promoting B-cell survival at distinct stages of development by engaging a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) and/or BAFF. CD40 is also essential for directing the humoral response to T-cell-dependent antigens. Signaling by the TNFRSF is mediated primarily, albeit not exclusively, via the TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) proteins and activation of the canonical and/or non-canonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. Dysregulated signaling by TNFRSF members can promote B-cell survival and proliferation, causing autoimmunity and neoplasia. In this review, we present a current understanding of the functions of and distinctions between APRIL/BAFF signaling by their respective receptors expressed on particular B-cell subsets. These findings are compared and contrasted with CD40 signaling, which employs similar signaling conduits to achieve distinct cellular outcomes in the context of the germinal center response. We also underscore how new findings and conceptual insights into TNFRSF signaling are facilitating the understanding of B-cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Rickert
- Program on Inflammatory Disease Research, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Ota T, Ota M, Duong BH, Gavin AL, Nemazee D. Liver-expressed Igkappa superantigen induces tolerance of polyclonal B cells by clonal deletion not kappa to lambda receptor editing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:617-29. [PMID: 21357741 PMCID: PMC3058582 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of tolerance in a polyclonal wild-type B cell population demonstrates apoptosis of cells reactive to antigen expressed on liver membrane. Little is know about the nature of peripheral B cell tolerance or how it may vary in distinct lineages. Although autoantibody transgenic studies indicate that anergy and apoptosis are involved, some studies claim that receptor editing occurs. To model peripheral B cell tolerance in a normal, polyclonal immune system, we generated transgenic mice expressing an Igκ–light chain–reactive superantigen targeted to the plasma membrane of hepatocytes (pAlb mice). In contrast to mice expressing κ superantigen ubiquitously, in which κ cells edit efficiently to λ, in pAlb mice, κ B cells underwent clonal deletion. Their κ cells failed to populate lymph nodes, and the remaining splenic κ cells were anergic, arrested at a semi-mature stage without undergoing receptor editing. In the liver, κ cells recognized superantigen, down-regulated surface Ig, and expressed active caspase 3, suggesting ongoing apoptosis at the site of B cell receptor ligand expression. Some, apparently mature, κ B1 and follicular B cells persisted in the peritoneum. BAFF (B cell–activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family) overexpression rescued splenic κ B cell maturation and allowed κ cells to populate lymph nodes. Our model facilitates analysis of tissue-specific autoimmunity, tolerance, and apoptosis in a polyclonal B cell population. The results suggest that deletion, not editing, is the major irreversible pathway of tolerance induction among peripheral B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ota
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Hayashi EA, Granato A, Paiva LS, Bertho AL, Bellio M, Nobrega A. TLR4 promotes B cell maturation: independence and cooperation with B lymphocyte-activating factor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:4662-72. [PMID: 20357250 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that TLR4 triggering promotes the generation of CD23(+)CD93(+) transitional T2-like cells in vitro from mouse B cell precursors, suggesting a possible role for this receptor in B cell maturation. In this study, we perform an extensive study of cell surface markers and functional properties of B cells matured in vitro with LPS, comparatively with the well-known B cell maturation factor B lymphocyte-activating factor (BAFF). LPS increased generation of CD23(+) transitional B cells in a TLR4-dependent way, upregulating IgD and CD21 and downregulating CD93, without inducing cell proliferation, in a manner essentially equivalent to BAFF. For both BAFF and LPS, functional maturation of the IgM(+)CD23(+)CD93(+) cells was confirmed by their higher proliferative response to anti-CD40 plus IL-4 compared with IgM(+)CD23(neg)CD93(+) cells. BAFF-R-Fc-mediated neutralization experiments showed that TLR4-induced B cell maturation was independent of BAFF. Distinct from BAFF, maturation by LPS relied on the activation of canonical NF-kappaB pathway, and the two factors together had complementary effects, leading to higher numbers of IgM(+)CD23(+)CD93(+) cells with their simultaneous addition. Importantly, BCR cross-linking abrogated the generation of CD23(+) B cells by LPS or BAFF, indicating that signals mimicking central tolerance act on both systems. Addition of cyclosporin A reverted BCR-mediated inhibition, both for BAFF and LPS, suggesting similar regulation of signaling pathways by calcineurin. Finally, LPS-injected mice showed a rapid increase of mature B cells in the bone marrow, suggesting that TLR4 signaling may effectively stimulate B cell maturation in vivo, acting as an accessory stimulus in B cell development, complementary to the BAFF physiological pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elize A Hayashi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Perez-Andres M, Paiva B, Nieto WG, Caraux A, Schmitz A, Almeida J, Vogt RF, Marti GE, Rawstron AC, Van Zelm MC, Van Dongen JJM, Johnsen HE, Klein B, Orfao A. Human peripheral blood B-cell compartments: a crossroad in B-cell traffic. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2010; 78 Suppl 1:S47-60. [PMID: 20839338 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A relatively high number of different subsets of B-cells are generated through the differentiation of early B-cell precursors into mature B-lymphocytes in the bone marrow (BM) and antigen-triggered maturation of germinal center B-cells into memory B-lymphocytes and plasmablasts in lymphoid tissues. These B-cell subpopulations, which are produced in the BM and lymphoid tissues, recirculate through peripheral blood (PB), into different tissues including mucosa and the BM, where long-living plasma cells produce antibodies. These circulating PB B-cells can be classified according to their maturation stage into i) immature/transitional, ii) naïve, and iii) memory B-lymphocytes, and iv) plasmablasts/plasma cells. Additionally, unique subsets of memory B-lymphocytes and plasmablasts/plasma cells can be identified based on their differential expression of unique Ig-heavy chain isotypes (e.g.: IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA). In the present paper, we review recent data reported in the literature about the distribution, immunophenotypic and functional characteristics of these cell subpopulations, as well as their distribution in PB according to age and seasonal changes. Additional information is also provided in this regard based on the study of a population-based cohort of 600 healthy adults aged from 20 to 80 years, recruited in the Salamanca area in western Spain. Detailed knowledge of the distribution and traffic of B-cell subsets through PB mirrors the immune status of an individual subject and it may also contribute to a better understanding of B-cell disorders related to B-cell biology and homeostasis, such as monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perez-Andres
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
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Saha S, Gonzalez J, Rosenfeld G, Keiser H, Peeva E. Prolactin alters the mechanisms of B cell tolerance induction. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2009; 60:1743-52. [PMID: 19479826 PMCID: PMC2733916 DOI: 10.1002/art.24500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autoimmune diseases predominantly affect women, suggesting that female sex hormones may play a role in the pathogenesis of such diseases. We have previously shown that persistent mild-to-moderate elevations in serum prolactin levels induce a break in self tolerance in mice with a BALB/c genetic background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hyperprolactinemia on the mechanisms of B cell tolerance induction. METHODS Effects of prolactin on splenic B cell subsets were studied in female BALB/c mice. B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated apoptosis and proliferation of transitional B cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of apoptotic genes was examined by microarrays and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. B cells coexpressing kappa/lambda light chains were assessed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Activation status of transitional type 3 (T3) B cells was evaluated by BCR-induced calcium influx studies. RESULTS BCR-mediated apoptosis of the T1 B cell subset, a major checkpoint for negative selection of autoreactive specificities, was decreased in prolactin-treated mice. Microarray studies indicated that this event may be mediated by the prolactin-induced up-regulation of the antiapoptotic gene interferon-gamma receptor type II and down-regulation of the proapoptotic gene Trp63. Prolactin treatment also altered the amount of receptor editing, as indicated by the increased number of transitional B cells coexpressing kappa/lambda light chains. Additionally, hyperprolactinemia modified the level of B cell anergy by increasing the degree of BCR-induced calcium influx in the T3 B cells. CONCLUSION Persistently elevated serum prolactin levels interfere with B cell tolerance induction by impairing BCR-mediated clonal deletion, deregulating receptor editing, and decreasing the threshold for activation of anergic B cells, thereby promoting autoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrajit Saha
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Juana Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Gabriel Rosenfeld
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Harold Keiser
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Elena Peeva
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Palanichamy A, Barnard J, Zheng B, Owen T, Quach T, Wei C, Looney RJ, Sanz I, Anolik JH. Novel human transitional B cell populations revealed by B cell depletion therapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:5982-93. [PMID: 19414749 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0801859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transitional cells represent a crucial step in the differentiation and selection of the mature B cell compartment. Human transitional B cells have previously been variably identified based on the high level of expression of CD10, CD24, and CD38 relative to mature B cell populations and are expanded in the peripheral blood following rituximab-induced B cell-depletion at reconstitution. In this study, we take advantage of the gradual acquisition of the ABCB1 transporter during B cell maturation to delineate refined subsets of transitional B cells, including a late transitional B cell subset with a phenotype intermediate between T2 and mature naive. This late transitional subset appears temporally following the T1 and T2 populations in the peripheral compartment after rituximab-induced B cell reconstitution (and is thus termed T3) and is more abundant in normal peripheral blood than T1 and T2 cells. The identity of this subset as a developmental intermediate between early transitional and mature naive B cells was further supported by its ability to differentiate to naive during in vitro culture. Later transitional B cells, including T2 and T3, are found at comparatively increased frequencies in cord blood and spleen but were relatively rare in bone marrow. Additional studies demonstrate that transitional B cells mature across a developmental continuum with gradual up-regulation of mature markers, concomitant loss of immature markers, and increased responsiveness to BCR cross-linking in terms of proliferation, calcium flux, and survival. The characterization of multiple transitional B cell subpopulations provides important insights into human B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Palanichamy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Andrews SF, Rawlings DJ. Transitional B cells exhibit a B cell receptor-specific nuclear defect in gene transcription. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:2868-78. [PMID: 19234182 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The signaling programs that enforce negative selection in early transitional (T1) B cells in response to BCR engagement remain poorly defined. We conducted a comprehensive comparison of BCR signaling in T1 vs follicular mature splenic B cells. T1, in contrast to follicular mature B cells, failed to express key NF-kappaB target genes in response to BCR engagement and exhibited a striking defect in assembly of an active transcriptional complex at the promoter of the survival and proliferative genes A1 and c-Myc. Surprisingly, and contrary to previous models, classical protein kinase C and IkappaB kinase activation, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and DNA binding were intact in T1 B cells. Furthermore, despite a marked reduction in NFAT1 expression, differential NFAT or AP-1 activation cannot explain this transcriptional defect. Our combined findings demonstrate that T1 B cells are programmed for signal- and stage-specific "nuclear nonresponsiveness" upon encounter with self-Ags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Andrews
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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37
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Lee J, Kuchen S, Fischer R, Chang S, Lipsky PE. Identification and characterization of a human CD5+ pre-naive B cell population. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:4116-26. [PMID: 19299709 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have identified a distinct pre-naive B cell population circulating in human peripheral blood that exhibits an intermediate phenotype between transitional and naive B cells. Like human transitional B cells, these cells express CD5 but have intermediate densities of CD38, CD10, CD9, and the ABCB1 transporter compared with transitional and naive B cells. These pre-naive B cells account for a majority of circulating human CD5(+) B cells. Importantly, CD5(+) pre-naive B cells could be induced to differentiate into cells with a naive phenotype in vitro. CD5(+) pre-naive B cells show only partial responses to BCR stimulation and CD40 ligation and undergo more spontaneous apoptosis and cell death than do naive B cells, whereas BAFF/BLyS (B cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family) did not enhance their survival compared with naive B cells. In contrast, CD5(+) pre-naive B cells carry out certain functions comparable to naive B cells, including the capacity to differentiate into plasma cells and the ability to function as APCs. Notably, an increased proportion of CD5(+) pre-naive B cells were found in peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. These results have identified a unique intermediate in human naive B cell development within the peripheral blood and derangements of its homeostasis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
The subunit structure of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) and its associated compartmentalization of function confer enormous flexibility for generating signals and directing these toward specific and divergent cell fate decisions. Like all the multichain immune recognition receptors discussed in this volume, assembly of these multi-unit complexes sets these receptors apart from almost all other cell surface signal transduction proteins and affords them the ability to participate in almost all of the diverse aspects of, in this case, B-cell biology. We discuss here the structural aspects of the BCR and its associated coreceptors and relate these mechanistically to how BCR signaling can be directed towards specific fate decisions. By doing so, the BCR plays a pivotal role in ensuring the effective and appropriate B-cell response to antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall J Brezski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Tonic B cell antigen receptor signals supply an NF-kappaB substrate for prosurvival BLyS signaling. Nat Immunol 2008; 9:1379-87. [PMID: 18978795 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The survival of transitional and mature B cells requires both the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) and BLyS receptor 3 (BR3), which suggests that these receptors send signals that are nonredundant or that engage in crosstalk with each other. Here we show that BCR signaling induced production of the nonclassical transcription factor NF-kappaB pathway substrate p100, which is required for transmission of BR3 signals and thus B cell survival. The capacity for sustained p100 production emerged during transitional B cell differentiation, the stage at which BCR signals begin to mediate survival rather than negative selection. Our findings identify a molecular mechanism for the reliance of primary B cells on continuous BR3 and BCR signaling, as well as for the gradual resistance to negative selection that is acquired during B cell maturation.
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Kiefer K, Nakajima PB, Oshinsky J, Seeholzer SH, Radic M, Bosma GC, Bosma MJ. Antigen receptor editing in anti-DNA transitional B cells deficient for surface IgM. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:6094-106. [PMID: 18424731 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.9.6094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In response to encounter with self-Ag, autoreactive B cells may undergo secondary L chain gene rearrangement (receptor editing) and change the specificity of their Ag receptor. Knowing at what differentiative stage(s) developing B cells undergo receptor editing is important for understanding how self-reactive B cells are regulated. In this study, in mice with Ig transgenes coding for anti-self (DNA) Ab, we report dsDNA breaks indicative of ongoing secondary L chain rearrangement not only in bone marrow cells with a pre-B/B cell phenotype but also in immature/transitional splenic B cells with little or no surface IgM (sIgM(-/low)). L chain-edited transgenic B cells were detectable in spleen but not bone marrow and were still found to produce Ab specific for DNA (and apoptotic cells), albeit with lower affinity for DNA than the unedited transgenic Ab. We conclude that L chain editing in anti-DNA-transgenic B cells is not only ongoing in bone marrow but also in spleen. Indeed, transfer of sIgM(-/low) anti-DNA splenic B cells into SCID mice resulted in the appearance of a L chain editor (Vlambdax) in the serum of engrafted recipients. Finally, we also report evidence for ongoing L chain editing in sIgM(low) transitional splenic B cells of wild-type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Kiefer
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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Meyer-Bahlburg A, Andrews SF, Yu KOA, Porcelli SA, Rawlings DJ. Characterization of a late transitional B cell population highly sensitive to BAFF-mediated homeostatic proliferation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 205:155-68. [PMID: 18180309 PMCID: PMC2234381 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20071088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We have characterized a distinct, late transitional B cell subset, CD21int transitional 2 (T2) B cells. In contrast to early transitional B cells, CD21int T2 B cells exhibit augmented responses to a range of potential microenvironmental stimuli. Adoptive transfer studies demonstrate that this subset is an immediate precursor of both follicular mature and marginal zone (MZ) B cells. In vivo, a large percentage of CD21int T2 B cells has entered the cell cycle, and the cycling subpopulation exhibits further augmentation in mitogenic responses and B cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) receptor expression. Consistent with these features, CD21int T2 cells exhibit preferential responses to BAFF-facilitated homeostatic signals in vivo. In addition, we demonstrate that M167 B cell receptor (BCR) idiotypic-specific B cells are first selected within the cycling CD21int T2 population, ultimately leading to preferential enrichment of these cells within the MZ B cell compartment. These data, in association with the coordinate role for BAFF and microenvironmental cues in determining the mature BCR repertoire, imply that this subset functions as a unique selection point in peripheral B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almut Meyer-Bahlburg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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42
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Characterization of splenic CD21hi T2 B cells. Immunol Res 2008; 39:240-8. [PMID: 17917068 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-007-0072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
B cell development is a highly regulated process that initiates in the bone marrow (BM) of adult mice. After reaching the IgM+ immature stage in the BM, these B cells migrate to the spleen to complete maturation and incorporation into the long-lived peripheral lymphocyte pool. Studies have identified these splenic immature B cells, and have further attempted to delineate the sequence whereby they transition into mature B cells. As such, these immature splenic populations are termed transitional B cells and have been the focus of intense study. The review summarizes the phenotype and currently known functions of the four putative transitional B cell subsets identified to date. Although most appear to represent short-lived transitional B cells, the CD21hi T2 B cell population exhibits a number of qualities that question its label as a transitional B cell subset.
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Evans JG, Chavez-Rueda KA, Eddaoudi A, Meyer-Bahlburg A, Rawlings DJ, Ehrenstein MR, Mauri C. Novel suppressive function of transitional 2 B cells in experimental arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:7868-78. [PMID: 17548625 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.12.7868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The immune system contains natural regulatory cells important in the maintenance of tolerance. Although this suppressive function is usually attributed to CD4 regulatory T cells, recent reports have revealed an immunoregulatory role for IL-10-producing B cells in the context of several autoimmune diseases including collagen-induced arthritis. In the present study, we attribute this suppressive function to a B cell subset expressing high levels of CD21, CD23, and IgM, previously identified as transitional 2-marginal zone precursor (T2-MZP) B cells. T2-MZP B cells are present in the spleens of naive mice and increase during the remission phase of arthritis. Following adoptive transfer to immunized DBA/1 mice, T2-MZP B cells significantly prevented new disease and ameliorated established disease. The suppressive effect on arthritis was paralleled by an inhibition of Ag-specific T cell activation and a reduction in cells exhibiting Th1-type functional responses. We also provide evidence that this regulatory subset mediates its suppression through the secretion of suppressive cytokines and not by cell-to-cell contact. The ability to regulate an established immune response by T2-MZP B cells endows this subset of B cells with a striking and previously unrecognized immunoregulatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie G Evans
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, 46 Cleveland Street, London, United Kingdom
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Thorns C, Kalies K, Fischer U, Höfig K, Krokowski M, Feller AC, Merz H, Bernd HW. Significant high expression of CD23 in follicular lymphoma of the inguinal region. Histopathology 2007; 50:716-9. [PMID: 17493235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Inguinal lymph nodes are considered to be problematic for the diagnosis of lymphoma due to architectural changes resulting from previous inflammatory processes. The aim was to investigate the morphology and immunophenotype of follicular lymphomas (FL) in order to clarify whether FL presenting in inguinal nodes differs from FL biopsies from other sites. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 219 FLs were studied, comprising 78 biopsy specimens of inguinal lymph nodes and 141 from other sites. All samples were assessed for growth pattern, grade, sclerosis and immunophenotype (Bcl-2, CD10, CD23, Mib-1). Cases negative for Bcl-2 were analysed by polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. In comparison with the biopsies from other regions, we found a significantly increased number of CD23+ FLs in samples of inguinal lymph nodes (38% versus 21%). Expression of CD23 was more frequently detected in grade 1 FLs than in other grades (grade 1, 37%; grade 2, 18%; grade 3, 23%; transformed, 6%). Other immunohistochemical parameters, however, did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION There is an unexpectedly high frequency of CD23 expression in FL in general, which is even more pronounced in inguinal nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thorns
- Institute of Pathology and German Reference and Consultation Centre for Haematopathy and Lymphoproliferative Diseases, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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Grimaldi C, Nashi E, Venkatesh J, Diamond B. B cell hyporesponsiveness and autoimmunity: a new paradigm. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 596:181-90. [PMID: 17338188 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-46530-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Grimaldi
- Columbia University, Department of Medicine, 1130 Saint Nicholas Avenue, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Hoek KL, Antony P, Lowe J, Shinners N, Sarmah B, Wente SR, Wang D, Gerstein RM, Khan WN. Transitional B cell fate is associated with developmental stage-specific regulation of diacylglycerol and calcium signaling upon B cell receptor engagement. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 177:5405-13. [PMID: 17015726 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.8.5405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Functional peripheral mature follicular B (FoB) lymphocytes are thought to develop from immature transitional cells in a BCR-dependent manner. We have previously shown that BCR cross-linking in vitro results in death of early transitional (T1) B cells, whereas late transitional (T2) B cells survive and display phenotypic characteristics of mature FoB cells. We now demonstrate that diacylglycerol (DAG), a lipid second messenger implicated in cell survival and differentiation, is produced preferentially in T2 compared with T1 B cells upon BCR cross-linking. Consistently, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate is also produced preferentially in T2 compared with T1 B cells. Unexpectedly, the initial calcium peak appears similar in both T1 and T2 B cells, whereas sustained calcium levels are higher in T1 B cells. Pretreatment with 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate, an inhibitor of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor-mediated calcium release, and verapamil, an inhibitor of L-type calcium channels, preferentially affects T1 B cells, suggesting that distinct mechanisms regulate calcium mobilization in each of the two transitional B cell subsets. Finally, BCR-mediated DAG production is dependent upon Bruton's tyrosine kinase and phospholipase C-gamma2, enzymes required for the development of FoB from T2 B cells. These results suggest that calcium signaling in the absence of DAG-mediated signals may lead to T1 B cell tolerance, whereas the combined action of DAG and calcium signaling is necessary for survival and differentiation of T2 into mature FoB lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Hoek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Abstract
In adult mammals, bone marrow pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells generate B lymphoid-specified progeny that progress through a series of well-characterized stages before generating B-cell receptor expressing B lymphocytes. These functionally immature B lymphocytes then migrate to the spleen wherein they differentiate through transitional stages into follicular or marginal zone B lymphocytes capable of responding to T-dependent and -independent antigens, respectively. During the terminal stages of B lymphocyte development in the bone marrow, as well as immediately following egress into the peripheral compartments, B lymphocytes are counterselected to eliminate B lymphocytes with potentially dangerous self-reactivity. These developmental and selection events in the bone marrow and periphery are dependent on the integration of intrinsic genetic programs with extrinsic microenvironmental signals that drive progenitors toward increasing B lineage commitment and maturation. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the various stages of primary and secondary B lymphocyte development with an emphasis on the selection processes that affect decisions at critical checkpoints. Our intent is to stress the concept that at many steps in the developmental process leading to a mature immunocompetent B lymphocyte, B lineage cells are integrating multiple and different signaling inputs that are translated into specific and appropriate cell fate decisions.
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MESH Headings
- Aging
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/analysis
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/physiology
- B-Lymphocytes/cytology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- Bone Marrow Cells/physiology
- Cell Lineage
- Humans
- Lymphopoiesis/genetics
- Models, Immunological
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/cytology
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/immunology
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Recombination, Genetic
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Monroe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Yarkoni Y, Fischel R, Kat I, Yachimovich-Cohen N, Eilat D. Peripheral B cell receptor editing may promote the production of high-affinity autoantibodies in CD22-deficient mice. Eur J Immunol 2006; 36:2755-67. [PMID: 16983722 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CD22-deficient mice are characterized by B cell hyperactivity and autoimmunity. We have constructed knock-in CD22-/- mice, expressing an anti-DNA heavy (H) chain (D42), alone or combined with Vkappa1-Jkappa1 or Vkappa8-Jkappa5 light (L) chains. The Ig-targeted mice produced a lupus-like serology that was age- and sex-dependent. High-affinity IgG autoantibodies were largely dependent on the selection of B cells with a particular H/L combination, in which a non-transgenic, endogenous L chain was assembled by secondary rearrangements through the mechanism of receptor editing. Moreover, we present evidence that these secondary rearrangements are very prominent in splenic peripheral B cells. Since CD22 is primarily expressed on the surface of peripheral B cells, we propose a model for the development of a lupus-like autoimmune disease by a combination of peripheral receptor editing and abnormal B cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Yarkoni
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Lindsley RC, Thomas M, Srivastava B, Allman D. Generation of peripheral B cells occurs via two spatially and temporally distinct pathways. Blood 2006; 109:2521-8. [PMID: 17105816 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-04-018085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified a population of newly formed bone marrow (BM) B cells that shares multiple characteristics with late transitional B cells in the spleen. Both late splenic transitional B cells and cells within this uncharacterized BM population expressed the cell-surface phenotype AA4(+) CD23(+), yet the developmental kinetics and the renewal rate of AA4(+) CD23(+) BM B cells mirrored recently formed BM B cells. Further, unlike the least mature B cells in the BM and spleen, AA4(+) CD23(+) BM B cells expressed the homing receptor CD62L, were dependent on the antiapoptotic cytokine receptor BR3 and the tec family kinase Btk, and proliferated in response to IL-4 plus CD40 stimulation. Finally, frequencies of lambda light chain-positive B cells declined among AA4(+) CD23(+) B cells in both the BM and spleen, suggesting that V-gene selection events correlate with CD23 expression in both compartments. These observations indicate that the first step in B-cell maturation occurs in both the BM and the periphery and suggest that recently formed B cells exit the BM as a heterogeneous pool of immature and semimature B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Coleman Lindsley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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50
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Tian Q, Beardall M, Xu Y, Li J, Parker DC, Casanova N, Bakke AC, Chen C. B Cells Expressing a Natural Polyreactive Autoantibody Have a Distinct Phenotype and Are Overrepresented in Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Transgenic Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:2412-22. [PMID: 16888003 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.4.2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite stringent regulation of disease-associated autoantibodies, a substantial proportion of circulating Abs in sera of healthy individuals exhibit self-reactivity. These Abs are referred to as naturally occurring or natural autoantibodies (NAAs). To understand the origin and function of NAAs, we have generated a new site-directed transgenic mouse model in which a prerearranged VDJ gene coding for the H chain of a typical polyreactive NAA, ppc1-5, is inserted into the IgH locus. This H chain, when combined with its original L chain, the lambda1 L chain, yields a NAA that characteristically binds a variety of self and non-self Ags including ssDNA, actin, ubiquitin, and nitrophenyl phosphocholine. Despite their autoreactivity, B cells expressing ppc1-5H/lambda1 NAA are not negatively selected, but rather are overrepresented in the transgenic mice. The shift toward lambda1 expression mainly occurs during the transition of immature to mature B cells in the spleen, suggesting a BCR selection process. The ppc1-5H/lambda1 B cells exhibit a phenotype that is different from those of the known mature B cell populations, and they are located predominantly in the lymphoid follicles of the spleen and the lymph nodes. These B cells are functionally active, producing high levels of Abs in vivo and responding well to BCR stimulation in vitro. The findings indicate that the ppc1-5/lambda1 natural autoantibodies originate from a distinct B cell subset that may be positively selected by virtue of its poly/autoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tian
- Department of Pathology L113, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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