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Yamada H. The Search for the Pathogenic T Cells in the Joint of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Which T-Cell Subset Drives Autoimmune Inflammation? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086930. [PMID: 37108093 PMCID: PMC10138952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting systemic synovial tissues, leading to the destruction of multiple joints. Its etiology is still unknown, but T-cell-mediated autoimmunity has been thought to play critical roles, which is supported by experimental as well as clinical observations. Therefore, efforts have been made to elucidate the functions and antigen specificity of pathogenic autoreactive T cells, which could be a therapeutic target for disease treatment. Historically, T-helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells are hypothesized to be pathogenic T cells in RA joints; however, lines of evidence do not fully support this hypothesis, showing polyfunctionality of the T cells. Recent progress in single-cell analysis technology has led to the discovery of a novel helper T-cell subset, peripheral helper T cells, and attracted attention to the previously unappreciated T-cell subsets, such as cytotoxic CD4 and CD8 T cells, in RA joints. It also enables a comprehensive view of T-cell clonality and function. Furthermore, the antigen specificity of the expanded T-cell clones can be determined. Despite such progress, which T-cell subset drives inflammation is yet known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisakata Yamada
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Kugyelka R, Prenek L, Olasz K, Kohl Z, Botz B, Glant TT, Berki T, Boldizsár F. ZAP-70 Regulates Autoimmune Arthritis via Alterations in T Cell Activation and Apoptosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050504. [PMID: 31137740 PMCID: PMC6562615 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells play an essential role in the pathogenesis of both human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its murine models. A key molecule in T cell activation is ZAP-70, therefore we aimed to investigate the effects of partial ZAP-70 deficiency on the pathogenesis of recombinant human G1(rhG1)-induced arthritis (GIA), a well-established mouse model of RA. Arthritis was induced in BALB/c and ZAP-70+/- heterozygous mice. Disease progression was monitored using a scoring system and in vivo imaging, antigen-specific proliferation, cytokine and autoantibody production was measured and T cell apoptotic pathways were analyzed. ZAP-70+/- mice developed a less severe arthritis, as shown by both clinical picture and in vitro parameters (decreased T cell proliferation, cytokine and autoantibody production). The amount of cleaved Caspase-3 increased in arthritic ZAP-70+/- T cells, with no significant changes in cleaved Caspase-8 and -9 levels; although expression of Bim, Bcl-2 and Cytochrome C showed alterations. Tyrosine phosphorylation was less pronounced in arthritic ZAP-70+/- T cells and the amount of Cbl-b-a negative regulator of T cell activation-decreased as well. We hypothesize that the less severe disease seen in the partial absence of ZAP-70 might be caused by the decreased T cell activation accompanied by increased apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Kugyelka
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Lilla Prenek
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Olasz
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Kohl
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Bálint Botz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Tibor T Glant
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Timea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Boldizsár
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
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Wehr P, Purvis H, Law S, Thomas R. Dendritic cells, T cells and their interaction in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 196:12-27. [PMID: 30589082 PMCID: PMC6422662 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the key professional antigen-presenting cells which bridge innate and adaptive immune responses, inducing the priming and differentiation of naive to effector CD4+ T cells, the cross-priming of CD8+ T cells and the promotion of B cell antibody responses. DCs also play a critical role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and tolerance. DC-T cell interactions underpin the generation of an autoimmune response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here we describe the function of DCs and review evidence for DC and T cell involvement in RA pathogenesis, in particular through the presentation of self-peptide by DCs that triggers differentiation and activation of autoreactive T cells. Finally, we discuss the emerging field of targeting the DC-T cell interaction for antigen-specific immunotherapy of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Wehr
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneAustralia
| | - H. Purvis
- King's College London, Academic Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineLondonUK
| | - S.‐C. Law
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneAustralia
| | - R. Thomas
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneAustralia
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Sakurai K, Ishigaki K, Shoda H, Nagafuchi Y, Tsuchida Y, Sumitomo S, Kanda H, Suzuki A, Kochi Y, Yamamoto K, Fujio K. HLA-DRB1 Shared Epitope Alleles and Disease Activity Are Correlated with Reduced T Cell Receptor Repertoire Diversity in CD4+ T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2018; 45:905-914. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.170909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Shared epitope (SE) alleles are the most significant genetic susceptibility locus in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, their target populations in CD4+ T cells are not well elucidated. We analyzed the association between SE alleles and the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity of naive and memory CD4+ T cells using next-generation sequencing (NGS).Methods.The TCR beta chains in naive and memory CD4+ T cells from the peripheral blood of 22 patients with RA and 18 age- and sex-matched healthy donors (HD) were analyzed by NGS. The Renyi entropy was used to evaluate TCR repertoire diversity and its correlations with SE alleles and other variables were examined. Serum cytokine levels were measured by multiplex ELISA.Results.The TCR repertoire diversity in memory CD4+ T cells was reduced in SE allele-positive patients with RA compared with HD, and showed a significant negative correlation with the SE allele dosage in RA. The TCR repertoire diversity of naive and memory T cells was also negatively correlated with disease activity, and the SE allele dosage and disease activity were independently associated with reduced TCR repertoire diversity. TCR repertoire diversity showed a significant positive correlation with the serum interleukin 2 levels.Conclusion.SE alleles and disease activity were negatively correlated with the TCR repertoire diversity of CD4+ T cells in RA. Considering the pivotal role of CD4+ T cells in RA, restoring the altered TCR repertoire diversity will provide a potential RA therapeutic target.
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Arleevskaya MI, Kravtsova OA, Lemerle J, Renaudineau Y, Tsibulkin AP. How Rheumatoid Arthritis Can Result from Provocation of the Immune System by Microorganisms and Viruses. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1296. [PMID: 27582741 PMCID: PMC4987382 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), similar to development of a majority of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, is largely due to an inappropriate or inadequate immune response to environmental challenges. Among these challenges, infectious agents are the undisputed leaders. Since the 1870s, an impressive list of microorganisms suspected of provoking RA has formed, and the list is still growing. Although a definite causative link between a specific infectious agent and the disease has not been established, several arguments support such a possibility. First, in the absence of a defined pathogen, the spectrum of triggering agents may include polymicrobial communities or the cumulative effect of several bacterial/viral factors. Second, the range of infectious episodes (i.e., clinical manifestations caused by pathogens) may vary in the process of RA development from preclinical to late-stage disease. Third, infectious agents might not trigger RA in all cases, but trigger it in a certain subset of the cases, or the disease onset may arise from an unfortunate combination of infections along with, for example, psychological stress and/or chronic joint tissue microtrauma. Fourth, genetic differences may have a role in the disease onset. In this review, two aspects of the problem of “microorganisms and RA” are debated. First, is there an acquired immune deficiency and, in turn, susceptibility to infections in RA patients due to the too frequent and too lengthy infections, which at last break the tolerance of self antigens? Or, second, is there a congenital deficiency in tolerance and inflammation control, which may occur even with ordinary infection frequency and duration?
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina I Arleevskaya
- Central Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Kazan State Medical Academy Kazan, Russia
| | - Olga A Kravtsova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kazan Federal University Kazan, Russia
| | - Julie Lemerle
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHU Morvan Brest, France
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHU Morvan Brest, France
| | - Anatoly P Tsibulkin
- Central Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Kazan State Medical Academy Kazan, Russia
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Ishigaki K, Shoda H, Kochi Y, Yasui T, Kadono Y, Tanaka S, Fujio K, Yamamoto K. Quantitative and qualitative characterization of expanded CD4+ T cell clones in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12937. [PMID: 26245356 PMCID: PMC4542667 DOI: 10.1038/srep12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune destructive arthritis associated with CD4+ T cell-mediated immunity. Although expanded CD4+ T cell clones (ECs) has already been confirmed, the detailed characteristics of ECs have not been elucidated in RA. Using combination of a single-cell analysis and next-generation sequencing (NGS) in TCR repertoire analysis, we here revealed the detailed nature of ECs by examining peripheral blood (PB) from 5 RA patients and synovium from 1 RA patient. When we intensively investigated the single-cell transcriptome of the most expanded clones in memory CD4+ T cells (memory-mECs) in RA-PB, senescence-related transcripts were up-regulated, indicating circulating ECs were constantly stimulated. Tracking of the transcriptome shift within the same memory-mECs between PB and the synovium revealed the augmentations in senescence-related gene expression and the up-regulation of synovium-homing chemokine receptors in the synovium. Our in-depth characterization of ECs in RA successfully demonstrated the presence of the specific immunological selection pressure, which determines the phenotype of ECs. Moreover, transcriptome tracking added novel aspects to the underlying sequential immune processes. Our approach may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shoda
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Kochi
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Yasui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuho Kadono
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Shoda H, Fujio K, Sakurai K, Ishigaki K, Nagafuchi Y, Shibuya M, Sumitomo S, Okamura T, Yamamoto K. Autoantigen BiP-Derived HLA-DR4 Epitopes Differentially Recognized by Effector and Regulatory T Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:1171-81. [PMID: 25778936 DOI: 10.1002/art.39054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The balance between effector and regulatory CD4+ T cells plays a key role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to examine whether the RA autoantigen BiP has epitopes for both effector and regulatory immunities. METHODS The proliferation and cytokine secretion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HLA-DR4-positive RA patients in response to BiP-derived peptides were examined by (3)H-thymidine uptake and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. As a mouse therapeutic model, a BiP-derived peptide was administered orally to mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). RESULTS Among the peptides examined, BiP(336-355) induced the strongest proliferation of PBMCs from RA patients, but not from healthy donors. The proliferation of PBMCs in response to BiP(336-355) showed a correlation with clinical RA activity and serum anti-BiP/citrullinated BiP antibodies. In contrast, BiP(456-475) induced interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion from CD25-positive PBMCs obtained from RA patients and healthy donors without inducing cell proliferation, and it actively suppressed the BiP(336-355)-induced proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion by PBMCs. Oral administration of BiP(456-475) to mice with CIA reduced the severity of arthritis and T cell proliferation and increased the secretion of IL-10 from T cells as well as the number of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. CONCLUSION Effector and regulatory T cells recognized different BiP epitopes. The deviated balance toward BiP-specific effector T cells in RA may be associated with disease activity; therefore, BiP-specific effector or regulatory T cells could be a target of new RA therapies.
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Fujio K, Okamura T, Okamoto A, Yamamoto K. T-cell receptor- and anti-inflammatory gene-modulated T cells as therapy for autoimmune disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 3:883-90. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.3.6.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Okamoto A, Fujio K, Yamamoto K. The future of lupus therapy modulating autoantigen recognition. Lupus 2011; 19:1474-81. [PMID: 20947560 DOI: 10.1177/0961203310374306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The mainstay of the current treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus consists of steroids and immunosuppressants. However, these non-specific immunosuppressive therapies can cause infection and other serious adverse events. The regulation of the autoantigen-specific immune response is a promising therapeutic approach with maximal efficacy and minimal adverse effects. T cells are essential components of antigen-specificity in the immune system. At present, we do not have a sufficient strategy for manipulating the responses of antigen-specific T cells. In this review, we describe the efficacy of two therapeutic approaches involving the modulation of autoantigen recognition by T cells in lupus model mice: (1) therapy involving engineered autoantigen-specific regulatory T cells generated by the gene transfer of autoantigen-specific TCR genes and appropriate regulatory genes into self lymphocytes; (2) therapy involving selective depletion of autoantigen presenting phagocytes. These selective immunosuppressive approaches could be useful strategies for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Okamoto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis for the diagnosis of T-cell clonality in periodontal disease. Methods Mol Biol 2010. [PMID: 20717795 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-820-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
T cells recognize antigens via the T-cell receptor (TCR). Diversity in antigen recognition by T cells is generated in part by the recombination of V, (D), J, and C segments of the TCR. It is further enhanced by the N region, in addition to non-germline-encoded nucleotides at the V-(D)-J junction. It is generally believed that each T cell bears a distinct clonotype of TCR and that each clonotype is responsible for an antigen-specific T-cell response. T-cell clonal expansion has been detected in the peripheral blood or the disease-affected sites in patients with infections, autoimmune diseases, malignancy, and post-transplantation complications. Since antigen stimulation of T cells induces the proliferation of specific T cells, clonal T-cell expansion is considered to be a result of an antigen-specific immune response. For the analysis of such antigen-specific T cells, it is common to use their specific antigens if they are known. However, there are many diseases, such as periodontal diseases, in which there are a number of putative pathogenic antigens involved. In these circumstances, the detection of clonally expanded T cells is an effective method to evaluate whether antigen-specific immune responses are involved, since only a few clonally expanded T cells are detected in healthy individuals. In addition, the characterization of any clonally expanded T cells that are detected would further promote the understanding of the disease mechanisms. By using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, we demonstrated that oligoclonal T-cell accumulation was present in periodontitis lesions, in contrast to a heterogeneous T-cell population in the peripheral blood. SSCP is a powerful tool for analyzing specific T-cell responses both in vitro and in vivo.
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Kurosu K, Takiguchi Y, Okada O, Yumoto N, Sakao S, Tada Y, Kasahara Y, Tanabe N, Tatsumi K, Weiden M, Rom WN, Kuriyama T. Identification of annexin 1 as a novel autoantigen in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:756-67. [PMID: 18566442 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.1.756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Consistent with the hypothesis that pulmonary epithelial apoptosis is the key to the acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), we conducted serological identification of Ags by recombinant expression cloning (SEREX) analysis using type II alveolar cell carcinoma (A549) cell lines to identify disease-related Abs. In a survey of Abs to the recombinant autoantigens identified by SEREX analysis, five Abs were identified as novel candidates for the acute exacerbation of IPF. Abs to annexin 1 were detected in 47 and 53% of the sera and bronchoalveolar lavage materials from patients with acute exacerbation of IPF. Some identical TCR Vbeta genes were identified in sequential materials obtained at 1-3 mo in all 10 acute exacerbation IPF cases, suggesting that some infiltrating CD4-positive T cells sharing limited epitopes expand by Ag-driven stimulation during disease extension. The CDR3 region of these identical TCR Vbeta genes showed high homology with the N-terminal portion of annexin 1, including in the HLA-DR ligand epitopes predicted by TEPITOPE analysis. By Western blotting analysis and observation of the CD4-positive T cell responses in bronchoalveolar lavage samples, the N-terminal portion of annexin 1 was cleaved and found to induce marked proliferative responses of CD4-positive T cells in three patients. Our study demonstrates that annexin 1 is an autoantigen that raises both Ab production and T cell response in patients with acute exacerbation of IPF, and that the N-terminal portion of annexin 1 plays some role in the pathogenesis of acute exacerbation in IPF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsushi Kurosu
- Department of Respirology (B2), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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Fujio K, Okamura T, Okamoto A, Yamamoto K. T Cell Receptor Gene Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1110:222-32. [PMID: 17911437 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1423.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The current quality of autoimmune disease treatments is not satisfactory in regard to efficacy and safety. Antigen-specific immunotherapy is a future therapy that could achieve maximal efficacy with minimal adverse effects. T cells are essential components in antigen-specific immunity. However, we do not have a sufficient strategy for manipulating antigen-specific T cells. We propose that T cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer is a hopeful approach for antigen-specific immunotherapy. We confirmed the efficacy of TCR gene therapy in animal models of systemic autoimmune disease and arthritis. In lupus-prone NZB/W F1 mice, nucleosome-specific TCR and CTLA4Ig transduced cells suppressed autoantibody production and nephritis development. In the therapeutic experiment of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), arthritis-related TCRs were isolated from single T cells accumulating in the arthritis site. Arthritis-related TCR and TNFRIg transduced cells or TCR and Foxp3 transduced cells suppressed arthritis progression and bone destruction. Therefore, engineered antigen-specific cells manipulated to express appropriate functional genes could be applied to specific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.
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Abstract
The status of autoimmune disease therapies is not satisfactory. Antigen-specific immunotherapy has potential as a future therapy that could deliver maximal efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Several trials of antigen-specific immunotherapy have been performed, but so far no clear directions have been established. With regard to antigen-specificity in the immune system, T cells are essential components. However, at present, we do not have a sufficient range of strategies for manipulating antigen-specific T cells. In this review, the authors propose that T cell receptor gene transfer could be used for antigen-specific immunotherapy. In the proposed technique, important disease-related and, thus, antigen-specific T cells in patients would first be identified, and then a pair of cDNAs encoding alpha and beta T cell receptors would be isolated from these single T cells. These genes would then be transferred into self lymphocytes. These engineered antigen-specific cells can also be manipulated to express appropriate functional genes that could then be applied to specific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- University of Tokyo, Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113, Japan.
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Kinnunen T, Jutila K, Kwok WW, Rytkönen-Nissinen M, Immonen A, Saarelainen S, Närvänen A, Taivainen A, Virtanen T. Potential of an altered peptide ligand of lipocalin allergen Bos d 2 for peptide immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119:965-72. [PMID: 17335888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2006] [Revised: 01/04/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptide immunotherapy is a promising alternative for treating allergic diseases. One way to enhance the efficacy of peptide immunotherapy is to use altered peptide ligands (APLs) that contain amino acid substitutions compared with the natural peptide. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential of an APL of the immunodominant epitope of lipocalin allergen Bos d 2 for peptide immunotherapy. METHODS Peripheral blood CD4(+) T-cell responses of 8 HLA-DR4-positive subjects to the natural ligand of Bos d 2 (p127-142) or to an APL (pN135D) were analyzed by MHC class II tetramer staining after in vitro expansion with the peptides. Long-term T-cell lines (TCLs) were induced with the peptides, and the cytokine production, cross-reactivity, and T-cell receptor Vbeta subtype expression of the TCLs were analyzed. RESULTS CD4(+) T cells specific for both p127-142 and pN135D were readily detected in peripheral blood after a single in vitro stimulation. Whereas the TCLs induced with p127-142 were T(H)2/T(H)0-deviated, those induced with pN135D were T(H)1/T(H)0-deviated and highly cross-reactive with p127-142. Moreover, the pN135D-induced TCLs appeared to use a broader repertoire of T-cell receptor Vbeta subtypes than those induced with p127-142. CONCLUSION An APL of an immunodominant allergen epitope was able to induce a novel T(H)1-deviated T-cell population cross-reactive with the natural epitope in vitro. This cell population could have a therapeutic immunomodulatory function in vivo through bystander suppression. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS These results support the idea that altered peptide ligands may be used to enhance the efficacy of peptide immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuure Kinnunen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
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16
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Shoda H, Fujio K, Yamaguchi Y, Okamoto A, Sawada T, Kochi Y, Yamamoto K. Interactions between IL-32 and tumor necrosis factor alpha contribute to the exacerbation of immune-inflammatory diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2007; 8:R166. [PMID: 17078892 PMCID: PMC1794509 DOI: 10.1186/ar2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-32 is a newly described cytokine in the human found to be an in vitro inducer of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). We examined the in vivo relationship between IL-32 and TNFα, and the pathologic role of IL-32 in the TNFα-related diseases – arthritis and colitis. We demonstrated by quantitative PCR assay that IL-32 mRNA was expressed in the lymphoid tissues, and in stimulated peripheral T cells, monocytes, and B cells. Activated T cells were important for IL-32 mRNA expression in monocytes and B cells. Interestingly, TNFα reciprocally induced IL-32 mRNA expression in T cells, monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and synovial fibroblasts. Moreover, IL-32 mRNA expression was prominent in the synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis patients, especially in synovial-infiltrated lymphocytes by in situ hybridization. To examine the in vivo relationship of IL-32 and TNFα, we prepared an overexpression model mouse of human IL-32β (BM-hIL-32) by bone marrow transplantation. Splenocytes of BM-hIL-32 mice showed increased expression and secretion of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 especially in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Moreover, serum TNFα concentration showed a clear increase in BM-hIL-32 mice. Cell-sorting analysis of splenocytes showed that the expression of TNFα was increased in resting F4/80+ macrophages, and the expression of TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 was increased in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated F4/80+ macrophages and CD11c+ dendritic cells. In fact, BM-hIL-32 mice showed exacerbation of collagen-antibody-induced arthritis and trinitrobenzen sulfonic acid-induced colitis. In addition, the transfer of hIL-32β-producing CD4+ T cells significantly exacerbated collagen-induced arthritis, and a TNFα blockade cancelled the exacerbating effects of hIL-32β. We therefore conclude that IL-32 is closely associated with TNFα, and contributes to the exacerbation of TNFα-related inflammatory arthritis and colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Shoda
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akiko Okamoto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Sawada
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuta Kochi
- Laboratory for Rheumatic Diseases, SNP Research Center, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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17
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Fujio K, Okamoto A, Araki Y, Shoda H, Tahara H, Tsuno NH, Takahashi K, Kitamura T, Yamamoto K. Gene therapy of arthritis with TCR isolated from the inflamed paw. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 177:8140-7. [PMID: 17114489 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.11.8140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the treatment of autoimmune diseases has been significantly advanced by the use of biological agents. However, some biologics are accompanied with severe side effects, including tuberculosis and other types of infection. There is thus a critical need for nonsystemic and lesion-specific methods of delivering these therapeutic agents. We attempted to treat a mouse model of arthritis by using T cells that expressed a regulatory molecule and were specifically directed to the inflamed paw. To this end, we first identified the TCR alphabeta genes accumulating in the inflamed paw of mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) by a combination of single-strand chain polymorphism analysis of TCR and single-cell sorting. We identified an expanded clone B47 which is autoreactive but is not specific to type II collagen. In vivo, TCR genes from B47-transduced T cells accumulated in the inflamed paw. Injection of cells cotransduced with the B47 and soluble TNFRIg genes resulted in a significant suppression of CIA. The suppression was correlated with the amount of TNFRIg transcripts in the hind paw, not with the serum concentrations of TNFRIg. Moreover, T cells cotransduced with the B47 and intracellular Foxp3 genes significantly suppressed CIA with reductions in TNF-alpha, IL-17A, and IL-1beta expression and bone destruction. T cells cotransduced with B47 and Foxp3 genes also suppressed the progression of established CIA. Therefore, immunosuppressive therapy with autoreactive TCR is a promising therapeutic strategy for arthritis whether the TCRs are used to deliver either soluble or intracellular suppressive molecules.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Flow Cytometry
- Forelimb/immunology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Hindlimb/immunology
- Inflammation/chemically induced
- Inflammation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Transduction, Genetic/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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18
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Ishiyama M, Teramura M, Iwabe K, Kato T, Motoji T. Clonally expanded T-cells in the peripheral blood of patients with idiopathic Thrombocytopenic purpura and Helicobacter pylori infection. Int J Hematol 2006; 83:147-51. [PMID: 16513533 DOI: 10.1532/ijh97.05119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori leads to platelet recovery in some patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Therefore, the pathogenesis of a subgroup of ITP is probably associated with H pylori infection (H pylori-related ITP). If H pylori-related ITP is a definite subgroup of ITP, specific oligoclonal T-cells might accumulate in the peripheral blood (PB). To address this issue, we performed single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of the T-cell receptor beta-chain genes of PB T-cells. Fourteen ITP patients with H pylori infection and 12 ageadjusted healthy volunteers were studied. Of the 14 patients, 8 patients (responders) exhibited a platelet response after successful H pylori eradication therapy, but 6 patients (nonresponders) did not. Vbeta5.2, Vbeta15, and Vbeta19 gene usage by clonally expanded T-cells in PB obtained before H pylori eradication therapy was significantly higher in responders than in nonresponders or healthy volunteers (Vbeta5.2, P = .023; Vbeta15, P = .004; Vbeta19, P = .036). Furthermore, an abrogation of clonally expanded T-cells was observed after therapy in some responders. These findings suggest that specific T-cell clones accumulate in H pylori-related ITP and that such clones may be associated with immune-mediated destruction of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Ishiyama
- Department of Haematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
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19
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Nanki T, Shimaoka T, Hayashida K, Taniguchi K, Yonehara S, Miyasaka N. Pathogenic role of the CXCL16-CXCR6 pathway in rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:3004-14. [PMID: 16200580 DOI: 10.1002/art.21301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with massive T cell infiltration into the synovium. The accumulated T cells express type 1 cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha, and activated markers of inflammation, such as CD154 and inducible costimulator (ICOS). It is thought that chemokines contribute to T cell accumulation in the synovium. In this study, we examined the role of CXCL16 and CXCR6 in T cell migration and stimulation in RA synovium. METHODS Expression of CXCL16 and CXCR6 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and/or flow cytometry. Migration activity was assessed using a chemotaxis chamber. IFNgamma production was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effect of anti-CXCL16 monoclonal antibody on murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was evaluated. RESULTS CXCL16 was expressed in RA synovium. CXCR6 was expressed more frequently on synovial T cells than in peripheral blood. Moreover, CXCR6-positive synovial T cells more frequently expressed CD154 and ICOS than did CXCR6-negative T cells. Stimulation with interleukin-15 (IL-15) up-regulated the expression of CXCR6 on peripheral blood T cells, and then stimulation with CXCL16 induced migration of IL-15-stimulated T cells and enhanced IFNgamma production. Furthermore, anti-CXCL16 monoclonal antibody significantly reduced the clinical arthritis score and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and bone destruction in the synovium of mice with CIA. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that CXCL16 plays an important role in T cell accumulation and stimulation in RA synovium and suggest that CXCL16 could be a target molecule in new therapies for RA.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/etiology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL16
- Chemokine CXCL6
- Chemokines, CXC/immunology
- Chemokines, CXC/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, CXCR6
- Receptors, Chemokine
- Receptors, Cytokine/immunology
- Receptors, Cytokine/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/immunology
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Scavenger
- Receptors, Virus/immunology
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Synovial Membrane/cytology
- Synovial Membrane/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Nanki
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Tokyo, Japan.
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20
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Matsuoka A, Kato T, Soma Y, Takahama H, Nakamura M, Matsuoka H, Mizoguchi M. Analysis of T cell receptor (TCR) BV-gene clonotypes in NC/Nga mice developing dermatitis resembling human atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2005; 38:17-24. [PMID: 15795120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2004.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2004] [Revised: 11/18/2004] [Accepted: 11/25/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study showed that T cells in skin lesions of human atopic dermatitis (AD) had oligoclonal accumulation, indicating the involvement of antigen-specific immune reactions at those sites. Recently, NC/Nga mice, which develop skin lesions similar to AD, have been proposed as a model for that disease. OBJECTIVE To clarify whether NC/Nga mice are suitable as a model for human AD from the viewpoint of their antigen-specific immune responses. METHODS Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analyses were conducted to detect TCR BV genes of clonally expanded T cells derived from NC/Nga mice at an early phase of the AD-like dermatitis, at a late phase of the dermatitis, and with no AD-like dermatitis. RESULTS (1) T cells with TCR BV 7, 10 and 17 reside in the skin of NC/Nga mice without the AD-like dermatitis. (2) T cells with these BV genes contain oligoclonal accumulations, however, expanded T cell clonotypes are also detected in the spleen and exist constantly during the course of the AD-like dermatitis. (3) Development of the AD-like dermatitis is associated with additional oligoclonal expansion/accumulation of T cells with TCR BV 2, 4 and 6 genes. (4) Progression of the AD-like dermatitis is associated with further oligoclonal expansion/accumulation of T cells with the TCR BV 14 gene. (5) Some of the expanded TCR clonotypes are common between the individual mice and between early and late phases. CONCLUSIONS Taking these data together with the previous human AD studies, NC/Nga mice seem to be an appropriate model for human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Matsuoka
- Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan
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21
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Zhou G, Fujio K, Sadakata A, Okamoto A, Yu R, Yamamoto K. Identification of systemically expanded activated T cell clones in MRL/lpr and NZB/W F1 lupus model mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 136:448-55. [PMID: 15147346 PMCID: PMC1809066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4(+) T lymphocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To characterize the clonal expansion of CD4(+) T cells in murine lupus models, we analysed the T cell clonality in various organs of young and nephritic MRL/lpr and NZB/W F1 mice using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and subsequent single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. We demonstrated that some identical T cell clonotypes expanded and accumulated in different organs (the bilateral kidneys, brain, lung and intestine) in nephritic diseased mice, and that a number of these identical clonotypes were CD4(+) T cells. In contrast, young mice exhibited little accumulation of common clones in different organs. The T cell receptor (TCR) V beta usage of these identical clonotypes was limited to V beta 2, 6, 8.1, 10, 16 and 18 in MRL/lpr mice and to V beta 6 and 7 in NZB/W F1 mice. Furthermore, some conserved amino acid motifs such as I, D or E and G were observed in CDR3 loops of TCR beta chains from these identical CD4(+) clonotypes. The existence of systemically expanding CD4(+) T cell clones in the central nervous system (CNS) suggests the involvement of the systemic autoimmunity in CNS lesions of lupus. FACS-sorted CD4(+)CD69(+) cells from the kidney displayed expanded clonotypes identical to those obtained from the whole kidney and other organs from the same individual. These findings suggest that activated and clonally expanded CD4(+) T cells accumulate in different tissues of nephritic lupus mice, and these clonotypes might recognize restricted T cell epitopes on autoantigens involved in specific immune responses of SLE, thus playing a pathogenic role in these lupus mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhou
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Kato T, Asahara H, Kurokawa MS, Fujisawa K, Hasunuma T, Inoue H, Tsuda M, Takahashi S, Motokawa S, Sumida T, Nishioka K. HTLV-I env protein acts as a major antigen in patients with HTLV-I-associated arthropathy. Clin Rheumatol 2004; 23:400-9. [PMID: 15459812 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-004-0901-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2003] [Accepted: 02/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate the pathological mechanisms of HTLV-I (human T-cell leukemia virus type I)-associated chronic arthritis (HAAP) with respect to T-cell response to HTLV-I viral proteins. We examined T-cell clonality and the antigen recognized by T cells from the inflamed synovium of patients with HAAP by using histology, a single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. The SSCP analysis showed oligoclonal expansion of T cells in the synovium, suggesting an antigen-mediated stimulation. In contrast, there was less clonal expansion in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The expression of HTLV-1 env and tax mRNA was detected in the affected synovium as well as in PBL. A number of T-cell clones in the synovium recognized HTLV-I env and tax proteins. Twenty-seven (24.9%) of 109 examined T-cell clones in the joints were HTLV-I env reactive, and 7 clones (6.4%) were HTLV-I tax reactive. Junctional sequence analysis of synovial T cells showed a lack of highly conserved amino acid motifs in the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of HTLV-I env and tax reactive T cells, suggesting that these cells recognized multiple T-cell epitopes on HTLV-I antigen. These findings suggest that HTLV-I env protein acts as a major antigen and may play a role in the development of arthropathy in patients with HAAP.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Arthritis, Infectious/immunology
- Arthritis, Infectious/virology
- Base Sequence
- Clone Cells
- Complementarity Determining Regions/genetics
- Gene Products, env/genetics
- Gene Products, env/immunology
- Gene Products, tax/genetics
- Gene Products, tax/immunology
- HTLV-I Infections/complications
- HTLV-I Infections/immunology
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Synovial Membrane/immunology
- Synovial Membrane/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kato
- Rheumatology Program, Department of Bioregulation, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, 216-8512, Kawasaki, Japan.
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Yamazaki
- Department of Oral Biological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Japan
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24
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Setoguchi K, Misaki Y, Kawahata K, Shimada K, Juji T, Tanaka S, Oda H, Shukunami C, Nishizaki Y, Hiraki Y, Yamamoto K. Suppression of T cell responses by chondromodulin I, a cartilage-derived angiogenesis inhibitory factor: Therapeutic potential in rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 50:828-39. [PMID: 15022325 DOI: 10.1002/art.20193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chondromodulin I (ChM-I), a cartilage matrix protein, promotes the growth and proteoglycan synthesis of chondrocytes. However, it also inhibits angiogenesis. Since ChM-I is expressed not only in cartilage, but also in the thymus, we investigated the modulation of T cell function by ChM-I to assess its therapeutic potential in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS The localization of ChM-I expression in mouse thymus tissue was examined by in situ hybridization. The proliferative response of peripheral blood T cells and synovial cells obtained from patients with RA was evaluated by (3)H-thymidine incorporation assay. The effects of ChM-I were examined using recombinant human ChM-I (rHuChM-I). Modulation of the antigen-specific immune response was evaluated by the recall response of splenic T cells and the delayed-type hypersensitivity response induced in the ear of mice primed with ovalbumin (OVA). Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) was induced in mice by injecting methylated bovine serum albumin into the ankle joints 2 weeks after the priming. RESULTS ChM-I was expressed in the cortex of the thymus. Recombinant human ChM-I suppressed the proliferative response of mouse splenic T cells and human peripheral blood T cells stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies, in a dose-dependent manner. Production of interleukin-2 was decreased in rHuChM-I-treated mouse CD4 T cells. Ten micrograms of rHuChM-I injected intraperitoneally into OVA-primed mice suppressed the induction of the antigen-specific immune response. Finally, rHuChM-I suppressed the development of AIA, and also suppressed the proliferation of synovial cells prepared from the joints of patients with RA. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ChM-I suppresses T cell responses and synovial cell proliferation, implying that this cartilage matrix protein has a therapeutic potential in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Setoguchi
- University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Fogarty PF, Rick ME, Zeng W, Risitano AM, Dunbar CE, Bussel JB. T cell receptor VB repertoire diversity in patients with immune thrombocytopenia following splenectomy. Clin Exp Immunol 2003; 133:461-6. [PMID: 12930375 PMCID: PMC1808786 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2003] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a pathophysiological role for T cells in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) has been established. We applied cDNA size distribution analysis of the T cell receptor (TCR) beta-variable (VB) complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) in order to investigate T cell repertoire diversity among immune thrombocytopenia patients who had either responded or not responded to splenectomy, and compared them to normal controls. ITP patients who had had a durable platelet response to splenectomy showed a mean 2.8 +/- 2.1 abnormal CDR3 size patterns per patient, similar to healthy volunteers (2.9 +/- 2.0 abnormal CDR3 size patterns). In contrast, patients unresponsive to splenectomy demonstrated evidence of significantly more clonal T cell expansions than patients who had responded to splenectomy or controls (11.3 +/- 3.3 abnormal CDR3 size patterns per patient; P < 0.001). Of the VB subfamilies analysed, VB3 and VB15 correlated with response or non-response to splenectomy, each demonstrating oligoclonality in non-responding patients (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that removal of the spleen may lead directly or indirectly to reductions in T cell clonal expansions in responders, or that the extent of T cell clonality impacts responsiveness to splenectomy in patients with ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Fogarty
- Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1652, USA
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26
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Tahara H, Fujio K, Araki Y, Setoguchi K, Misaki Y, Kitamura T, Yamamoto K. Reconstitution of CD8+ T cells by retroviral transfer of the TCR alpha beta-chain genes isolated from a clonally expanded P815-infiltrating lymphocyte. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 171:2154-60. [PMID: 12902522 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.4.2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gene transfer of TCR alphabeta-chains into T cells may be a promising strategy for providing valuable T lymphocytes in the treatment of tumors and other immune-mediated disorders. We report in this study the reconstitution of CD8(+) T cells by transfer of TCR alphabeta-chain genes derived from an infiltrating T cell into P815. Analysis of the clonal expansion and Vbeta subfamily usage of CD8(+) TIL in the tumor sites demonstrated that T cells using Vbeta10 efficiently infiltrated and expanded clonally. The TCR alpha- and beta-chain sequences derived from a tumor-infiltrating CD8(+)/Vbeta10(+) single T cell clone (P09-2C clone) were simultaneously determined by the RT-PCR/single-strand conformational polymorphism method and the single-cell PCR method. When P09-2C TCR alphabeta-chain genes were retrovirally introduced into CD8(+) T cells, the reconstituted T cells positively lysed the P815 tumor cells, but not the A20, EL4, or YAC-1 cells, in vitro. In addition, the CTL activity was blocked by the anti-H2L(d) mAb. Furthermore, T cells containing both TCR alpha- and beta-chains, but not TCR beta-chain alone, accumulated at the tumor-inoculated site when the reconstituted CD8(+) T cells were adoptively transferred to tumor-bearing nude mice. These findings suggest that it is possible to reconstitute functional tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells by transfer of TCR alphabeta-chain genes derived from TIL, and that such T cells might be useful as cytotoxic effector cells or as a vehicle for delivering therapeutic agents.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer/methods
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Clone Cells
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Female
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/transplantation
- Mastocytoma/genetics
- Mastocytoma/immunology
- Mastocytoma/pathology
- Mastocytoma/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/therapeutic use
- Retroviridae/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tahara
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Division of Cellular Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Kawamura E, Nakamura S, Sasaki M, Ohyama Y, Kadena T, Kumamaru W, Shirasuna K. Accumulation of oligoclonal T cells in the infiltrating lymphocytes in oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 2003; 32:282-9. [PMID: 12694352 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2003.00143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of a disease-specific and possibly pathogenic T-cell receptor (TCR) in oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most important steps to reveal the pathogenic antigen recognized by the T cells and thereby elucidate the pathogenesis and etiology of OLP. METHODS In buccal mucosa biopsy specimens and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from seven patients with OLP, the TCR V beta gene usage was examined by polymerase chain reaction-based and single-strand conformation polymorphism analyses. RESULTS The V beta families expressed in the biopsy specimens were markedly heterogeneous, but they were restricted in comparison to those observed in the PBMC. The V beta families predominantly expressed in the biopsy specimens in comparison with the PBMC were still heterogeneous in individual patients and differed from patient to patient; however, V beta 2, V beta 6, and V beta 19 were commonly predominant in the biopsy specimens from more than half of the patients. Among the V beta families predominantly expressed in the biopsy specimens, the accumulation of T-cell clonotypes was observed in the majority of the V beta families including V beta 6 and V beta 19; however, it was not observed in the minority of the V beta families including V beta 2. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that unique T-cell populations bearing V beta 2, V beta 6, or V beta 19 gene products tend to expand in OLP lesions as a consequence of in situ stimulation with a restricted epitope of either a nominal antigen on the MHC molecule for the majority of the V beta families, even if only in minor populations, or of a common superantigen for the minority of the V beta families.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kawamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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28
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Kumamaru W, Nakamura S, Kadena T, Yamada A, Kawamura E, Sasaki M, Ohyama Y, Toyoshima T, Hayashida JN, Itoh K, Shirasuna K. T-cell receptor V? gene usage by T cells reactive with the tumor-rejection antigen SART-1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2003; 108:686-95. [PMID: 14696095 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We recently described that the SART-1(690-698) peptide could induce HLA-A24-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which recognize the SART-1(259) (+) tumor cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HLA-A24(+) cancer patients. In our study, in 5 of 14 HLA-A24(+) patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), CTLs could be induced with the SART-1(690-698) peptide from the PBMCs. In 2 of the patients from whom the highest CTL activities were induced, the T-cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta repertoire expressed by the SART-1(690-698)-specific CTLs was found to be restricted and multiple Vbeta families were predominantly expressed in each patient. Although the predominant Vbeta families were different between the 2 patients, Vbeta7 was highly and commonly predominant. The same predominant Vbeta families were also detected in the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from each patient, and each Vbeta family contained one or more unique T-cell clonotypes. The unique T-cell clonotypes were found to be common between the TILs and SART-1(690-698)-specific CTLs from each patient, and especially 2 T-cell clonotypes with Vbeta7 were identical even in the 2 patients. One of the 2 T-cell clonotypes with Vbeta7 was detected in the TILs from 11 of 14 HLA-A24(+) patients and another was found in those from 8 of HLA-A24(+) patients, while none of 10 HLA-A24(-) patients demonstrated both T-cell clonotypes. These results strongly suggest that the T-cell clonotypes with Vbeta7 are major TCR Vbeta genes expressed by SART-1(690-698)-specific CTLs. Furthermore, autologous tumor cells from one of the HLA-A24(+) patients stimulated the PBMCs and regional lymph node cells (LNCs) to expand the same T-cell clonotypes as those in the SART-1(690-698)-specific CTLs. These results strongly suggest that the SART-1(690-698)-specific CTLs clearly accumulate in vivo, especially in the TILs, as a consequence of in situ antigenic stimulation by autologous tumor cells. The identification of the unique TCR Vbeta genes used by SART-1(259)-specific CTLs should help to improve the diagnosis of the specific immune response in patients with SART-1(259) (+) cancers, especially during anticancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Kumamaru
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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29
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Itoh H, Ohsawa Y, Yoshie H, Yamazaki K. Oligoclonal accumulations of T-cell clones in gingivitis and periodontitis lesions. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2002; 17:324-9. [PMID: 12354216 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.2002.170511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gingivitis and periodontitis have distinct clinical and immunopathological characteristics. We have previously demonstrated that T cells infiltrating periodontitis lesions recognize a restricted repertoire of antigens or antigenic epitopes. However, the clonality of T cells in the gingivitis lesion is not known. Therefore, we carried out a clonal analysis of T cells infiltrating gingivitis lesions using combined reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. As with periodontitis lesions, SSCP analysis demonstrated the emergence of a number of distinct bands suggesting clonal accumulation in the gingivitis lesion. Although the mean number of distinct bands in gingival tissue was significantly higher than that in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, numerical analysis clearly demonstrated that there was no difference in the total number of bands in gingival tissue specimens between the different disease types. Although there were slight variations in the number of distinct bands in each Vbeta family, there was no significant difference between gingivitis lesions and periodontitis lesions. These results demonstrate that antigen-specific T-cell responses also take place in gingivitis lesions. It remains to be determined, however, what role these antigen-specific T cells play and what antigens the T cells recognize in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Itoh
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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30
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Kojima K, Kurokawa MS, Tanimoto K, Kojima Y, Hara M, Yoshino T, Harada M, Tanimoto M, Nishioka K, Kato T. Clonal expansion of limited T cell clonotypes in affected muscle from a patient with post-transplant polymyositis. Bone Marrow Transplant 2002; 30:467-70. [PMID: 12368961 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2001] [Accepted: 06/11/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Critical roles of T cells in idiopathic polymyositis have been suggested, but, those in polymyositis occurring as GVHD after BMT are poorly understood. We thus investigated T cell clonality in a patient with post- transplant polymyositis. As a result, T cell receptor beta chains used various BV families in peripheral blood, but only one BV family (BV7) in affected muscle. Importantly, T cells proliferated oligoclonally both in the peripheral blood and the muscle, however, the expanded clonotypes were completely different. Taken together, T cells expanded in the muscle, possibly stimulated by limited kinds of antigens, may drive myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kojima
- The Second Department of Medicine and the Second Department of Pathology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
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31
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Shimizudani N, Murata H, Keino H, Kojo S, Nakamura H, Morishima Y, Sakamoto T, Ohtsuka M, Sekisawa K, Sumida M, Sumida T, Matsuoka T. Conserved CDR 3 region of T cell receptor BV gene in lymphocytes from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2002; 129:140-9. [PMID: 12100034 PMCID: PMC1906425 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an inflammatory lung disease characterized by the accumulation of inflammatory cells and deposition of collagen, resulting in lung remodelling. High numbers of T cells are present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of IPF patients, although the characteristics of these cells are yet to be determined. To elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of IPF, we analysed the T cell receptor (TCR) of BALF lymphocytes in three patients with IPF and three healthy subjects as control. TCR repertoire of BALF lymphocytes and T cell clonality were examined by family PCR and Southern blot analysis, and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), respectively. We observed that the TCR repertoire in the lung was heterogeneous, both in the control subjects and three patients with IPF. SSCP analysis demonstrated an increase in the number of accumulated T cell clones in BALF of two of the three patients, but not in the healthy subject. Furthermore, junctional sequence analysis showed the presence of conserved amino acid motifs (ETGRSG, LAxG, QGQ, GxQP, GRxG, VAR, PGT, GTI, GGT, TGR, LxLxQ, SGQ) in the TCR-CDR 3 region of BAL lymphocytes in patients with IPF, whereas only two amino acid motifs (VTTG, GGE) were found in the control. Our findings suggest that T cells in BALF of patients with IPF expand oligoclonally in the lung, suggesting antigen stimulation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shimizudani
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
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32
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Takahama H, Masuko-hongo K, Tanaka A, Kawa Y, Ohta N, Yamamoto K, Mizoguchi M, Nishioka K, Kato T. T-cell clonotypes specific for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in the skin lesions of patients with atopic dermatitis. Hum Immunol 2002; 63:558-66. [PMID: 12072191 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(02)00406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
T-cell mediated immune response, toward the house dust mite (HDM) antigens in particular, has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). On the other hand, studies on the infiltrating lymphocytes in the skin lesion of AD revealed oligoclonal T-cell accumulation. However, it is not clear exactly what antigen(s) the accumulating T cells are exactly recognize in situ. Therefore, this study attempted to determine whether or not the clonally expanded T-cell clones in the diseased skin recognize HDM. Specifically, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from six patients with AD, who revealed high titers of anti-HDM IgE, were stimulated with HDM antigens purified from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp). T-cell clonotypes expanded by the stimulation were then identified by the analysis of their T-cell receptor (TCR) B-gene sequences using a combination of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and subsequent single strand conformation polymorphism separation. The Dp-responding T-cell clonotypes were compared with those that accumulated in the AD skin lesion in vivo. Nucleotide sequences of the TCR were also determined. As a result, the Dp stimulation induced oligoclonal T-cell expansion from the originally heterogeneous peripheral T-cell population of AD patients. However, only a small part of the Dp-reacting T-cell clonotypes detected in PBMC was identical to those accumulated in the AD skin lesion in vivo, and vice versa. This indicates that the frequency of the clonal expansion of Dp-specific T-cell clonotypes in the skin lesion of AD would be rather limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Takahama
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Genetics Program, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
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33
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Muraro PA, Bonanni L, Mazzanti B, Pantalone A, Traggiai E, Massacesi L, Vergelli M, Gambi D. Short-term dynamics of circulating T cell receptor V beta repertoire in relapsing-remitting MS. J Neuroimmunol 2002; 127:149-59. [PMID: 12044987 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(02)00105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To understand the short-term dynamics of the circulating T cell receptor V beta (TCRBV) repertoire in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), we monitored the TCRBV profiles of untreated MS patients and healthy controls. Expansions of TCRBV genes in MS patients were significantly more frequent than in controls (P<0.001), were predominantly oligoclonal (80%) and were significantly correlated with immune responses to myelin basic protein (MBP) (P<0.02) and with inflammatory disease activity detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (P<0.05). Autoreactive T cell responses against myelin antigens may be implicated in perturbations of TCR repertoire in untreated MS patients, detectable even in the absence of clinically evident manifestations.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Female
- Gene Expression/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology
- Immunoglobulins
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/pathology
- Myelin Basic Protein/immunology
- Oligoclonal Bands
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Muraro
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Oncology and Neuroscience, Nuovo Ospedale Clinicizzato, G.D. Annunzio University, Via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
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34
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Yamazaki K, Ohsawa Y, Tabeta K, Ito H, Ueki K, Oda T, Yoshie H, Seymour GJ. Accumulation of human heat shock protein 60-reactive T cells in the gingival tissues of periodontitis patients. Infect Immun 2002; 70:2492-501. [PMID: 11953387 PMCID: PMC127937 DOI: 10.1128/iai.70.5.2492-2501.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 60s (hsp60) are remarkably immunogenic, and both T-cell and antibody responses to hsp60 have been reported in various inflammatory conditions. To clarify the role of hsp60 in T-cell responses in periodontitis, we examined the proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), as well as the cytokine profile and T-cell clonality, for periodontitis patients and controls following stimulation with recombinant human hsp60 and Porphyromonas gingivalis GroEL. To confirm the infiltration of hsp60-reactive T-cell clones into periodontitis lesions, nucleotide sequences within complementarity-determining region 3 of the T-cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain were compared between hsp60-reactive peripheral blood T cells and periodontitis lesion-infiltrating T cells. Periodontitis patients demonstrated significantly higher proliferative responses of PBMC to human hsp60, but not to P. gingivalis GroEL, than control subjects. The response was inhibited by anti-major histocompatibility complex class II antibodies. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the TCR demonstrated that human hsp60-reactive T-cell clones and periodontitis lesion-infiltrating T cells have the same receptors, suggesting that hsp60-reactive T cells accumulate in periodontitis lesions. Analysis of the cytokine profile demonstrated that hsp60-reactive PBMC produced significant levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in periodontitis patients, whereas P. gingivalis GroEL did not induce any skewing toward a type1 or type2 cytokine profile. In control subjects no significant expression of IFN-gamma or interleukin 4 was induced. These results suggest that periodontitis patients have human hsp60-reactive T cells with a type 1 cytokine profile in their peripheral blood T-cell pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Yamazaki
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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35
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Sugaya T, Ishizu A, Ikeda H, Nakamaru Y, Fugo K, Higuchi M, Yamazaki H, Imai K, Yoshiki T. Clonotypic analysis of T cells accumulating at arthritic lesions in HTLV-I env-pX transgenic rats. Exp Mol Pathol 2002; 72:56-61. [PMID: 11784123 DOI: 10.1006/exmp.2001.2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) env-pX transgenic rats (env-pX rats) develop chronic destructive arthritis resembling rheumatoid arthritis in humans. Immunological characteristics were compared with those of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Rheumatoid factor was present in some env-pX rats regardless of the development of arthritis, but not in nontransgenic rats with CIA. All rats with CIA produced anti-type II collagen (IIC) antibody, but never so in env-pX rats with naturally occurring arthritis. Although expansions of oligoclonal T cells were evident in the affected joints, no particular clone was shown to infiltrate into the arthritic lesions in env-pX rats. In contrast to CIA, in which clonal expansions of IIC-specific T cells are implicated, locally expanded T cell clones against various antigens of the joints may play pathogenetic roles in the arthritis seen in env-pX rats. However, complementarity-determining region 3 of the TCR Vbeta gene of T cells accumulating at the affected joints in env-pX rats contained the GGA amino acid sequence, which was reported to be a conserved motif in HTLV-I env-pX transgenic mice with arthritis. These findings suggest that common antigen(s) might be recognized by T cells accumulating at sites of arthritis in both transgenic rats and mice.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Collagen Type II/immunology
- Complementarity Determining Regions/chemistry
- Complementarity Determining Regions/genetics
- Genes, env
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics
- Humans
- Mice
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Rats, Inbred Strains
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Sugaya
- Department of Pathology/Pathophysiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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36
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Kurosu K, Yumoto N, Rom WN, Takiguchi Y, Jaishree J, Nakata K, Tatsumi K, Mikata A, Kuriyama T, Weiden MD. Oligoclonal T cell expansions in pulmonary lymphoproliferative disorders: demonstration of the frequent occurrence of oligoclonal T cells in human immunodeficiency virus-related lymphoid interstitial pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165:254-9. [PMID: 11790664 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.165.2.2101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) procedure with 40-nucleotide guanine- and cytosine-rich sequences in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing analysis to analyze the T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-Vgamma gene repertoire of infiltrating T lymphocytes in pulmonary lymphoproliferative disorders. Six of 15 low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas and 8 of 15 cases of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) showed some oligoclonal bands for TCR-Vgamma genes on DGGE. Sequencing analysis demonstrated plural oligoclonal TCR-Vgamma clones among the oligoclonal PCR products on DGGE, leading to the conclusion that conventional antigen-specific oligoclonal expansions may play some role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary lymphoproliferative disorders. The frequency of oligoclonal infiltrating T cell expansions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related LIP (100%) was significantly higher than in low-grade pulmonary MALT lymphomas (40%) or in HIV-negative LIP (30%). Because recent evidence demonstrates that the V3 loop in the proviral amino acid sequences of mononuclear cells from bronchoalveolar lavage is more homogeneous than those from peripheral blood, this homogeneity might result in oligoclonal expansions of infiltrating T lymphocytes as a consequence of ongoing reactions against lung-specific viral strains.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Female
- HIV Infections/complications
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins/genetics
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/complications
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/genetics
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/physiopathology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/physiology
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/complications
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/genetics
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/physiopathology
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/complications
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders/physiopathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Oligoclonal Bands
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Sequence Analysis
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsushi Kurosu
- Department of Respirology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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37
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Kanek R, Matsu T, Iwatsuki K, Motok Y, Kaneko F. Biphasic cytokine expression by T cell clones from patients with atopic dermatitis with different incubation periods and strengths of stimuli. Fukushima J Med Sci 2001; 47:51-62. [PMID: 11989619 DOI: 10.5387/fms.47.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that T helper (Th) 2 cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) because of clinical and experimental findings including hyper IgE, eosinophilia and Th2 type cytokine overexpression, etc. In contrast, several observations such as Th1 type cytokine detection in chronic lesions and histological features resembling allergic contact dermatitis suggest that Th1 rather than Th2 cells are important for the pathogenesis of skin lesions. In order to clarify this paradox, we investigated the function of T cell clones established from AD patients. Most T cell clones induced by house dust mite antigen and interleukin (IL)-2 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two AD patients exhibited CD4+/ CD8-, CD45RO+/ CD45RA-, and produced high levels of IL-4 and low levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) after phytohemagglutinin (PHA) (1 microg/ml) stimulation, suggesting a Th2 subtype. When stimulated with a high dose of concanavalin A (conA) (10 microg/ml), however, these clones produced high amounts of IFN-gamma. IL-4 production reached a peak 24 hours after conA (10 ,g/ml) stimulation, whereas IFN-gamma production was increased up to 48 hours after stimulation. The findings of T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation with immobilized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) showed that the suitable strength of TCR stimulation for IFN-y production was higher than for IL-4. Also, in the TCR stimulated condition, the peak of IFN-gamma production was later than that of IL-4. These results indicate that T cell clones which exhibited a Th2 profile under weak stimulation can produce IFN-y in the late phase of stimulation when strong stimuli are used. The results are consistent with the previous observation that IFN-gamma production prominently appears in the chronic and late phase lesions of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kanek
- Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
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38
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Masuko-Hongo K, Hayashi K, Yonamine K, Tokuyama M, Nishioka K, Kato T. Disappearance of clonally expanded T cells after allogeneic leukocyte immunotherapy in peripheral blood of patients with habitual abortion. Hum Immunol 2001; 62:1111-21. [PMID: 11600218 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(01)00303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic leukocyte immunotherapy is often used to improve fertility of patients with habitual abortion (HA), which probably acts through immune-mediated mechanisms. However, the involvement of T cells is not clear. This study examined the effect of allogeneic immunotherapy on T cells of patients with HA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 5 healthy women and 14 women with HA. RNA was isolated from mononuclear blood cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), followed by single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) were used to analyze the gene segments of T-cell receptor beta chain (TCRbetaV) variable regions. Oligoclonal accumulation of T cells was identified in peripheral blood of nonpregnant patients with a history of HA. It was also revealed, however, that immunostimulation reduced the number of accumulating T-cell clones (p = 0.0004). The results, together with the clinical effectiveness of immunotherapy, suggest that accumulation of T-cell clonotypes, which probably resulted from antigenic stimulation, is involved in the pathogenesis of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Masuko-Hongo
- Rheumatology, Immunology and Genetics Program, Institute of Medical Science, Kanagawa, Japan
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39
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Okamoto R, Yamamoto K, Yabushita K, Okano N, Shimada N, Matsumura S, Mizuno M, Higashi T, Tsuji T. T cell repertoire in primary biliary cirrhosis: a common T cell clone and repertoire change after treatment. J Clin Immunol 2001; 21:278-85. [PMID: 11506198 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010983325927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
T cell repertoire was analyzed in three early-stage primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) patients, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism. Multiple expanded clones were demonstrated in livers and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of all three patients. Comparison of the repertoire of different parts of the liver demonstrated the presence of common clones in various Vbeta families. Comparison of the repertoire between the liver and PBL demonstrated that both CD4 and CD8 T cell clones were expanded. Sequence analysis of complementarity determining region 3 of the expanded clones revealed that relatively conserved amino acids were utilized in each patient and that an identical CD4 T cell clone having Vbeta16 was present in all three patients. The number of expanded T cell clones in PBL decreased markedly after the treatment with prednisolone. These results suggest that common T cell clones may play a pathogenic role in PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Okamoto
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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40
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Keino H, Takeuchi M, Suzuki J, Kojo S, Sakai J, Nishioka K, Sumida T, Usui M. Identification of Th2-type suppressor T cells among in vivo expanded ocular T cells in mice with experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2001; 124:1-8. [PMID: 11359436 PMCID: PMC1906022 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), which is a T cell mediated organ specific autoimmune disease, is induced by immunization with interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) in susceptible strains of mice. It has been found that IRBP-derived peptide 518-529 (p518-529) generates Th2-type responses and inhibits IRBP-induced EAU, indicating that the p518-529 might be an epitope for suppressor T cells in IRBP-induced EAU. First, we observed that there were T cells producing the Th2 type cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 in late phase of EAU. Furthermore, to examine whether p518-529-reactive T cells expand in the eye during EAU, T cell receptor (TCR) of ocular T cells was compared with that of p518-529 reactive T cells in spleen from mice with EAU by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and nucleotide sequence analysis. SSCP and sequence analyses indicated that p518-529 reactive TCR BV10+ T cells bearing amino acid motif(PWG) and TCR BV13+ T cells bearing amino acid motif(PGLGGY) in their complementary-determining region 3 (CDR3) region were clonally expanding in ocular tissues on day 28 after immunization, although these T cells were not detected on day 14. These findings demonstrate that p518-529 reactive Th2-type T cells expand oligoclonally in the uveitic eyes in the late stage of EAU and may function as Th2-type suppressor T cells for improvement of the disease.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Animals
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Clone Cells/immunology
- Clone Cells/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Epitopes/immunology
- Eye Proteins
- Female
- Immunization
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Mice
- Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental/immunology
- Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental/pathology
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Retina/immunology
- Retina/pathology
- Retinitis/immunology
- Retinitis/pathology
- Retinol-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/pathology
- Uvea/immunology
- Uvea/pathology
- Uveitis/immunology
- Uveitis/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- H Keino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Yamazaki K, Ohsawa Y, Yoshie H. Elevated proportion of natural killer T cells in periodontitis lesions: a common feature of chronic inflammatory diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2001; 158:1391-8. [PMID: 11290557 PMCID: PMC1891892 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by a group of so-called periodontopathic bacteria, autoimmune mechanisms have also been implicated in the disease process. Recently, a unique subset of lymphocytes designated natural killer (NK) T cells expressing the Valpha24JalphaQ invariant T cell receptor (TCR) has been reported to have a regulatory role in certain autoimmune diseases. Therefore, we investigated the proportion of the invariant Valpha24JalphaQ TCR within the Valpha24 T cell population in periodontitis lesions and gingivitis lesions using single-strand conformation polymorphism methodology. NK T cells were identified with a specific JalphaQ probe whereas the total Valpha24 TCR was identified using an internal Calpha probe. NK T cells were a significant proportion of the total Valpha24 population both in periodontitis lesions and to a lesser extent in gingivitis lesions but not in the peripheral blood of either periodontitis patients or nondiseased controls. Using immunohistochemistry, some of Valpha24(+) cells in the periodontitis lesions seemed to associate with CD1d(+) cells, which are specific antigen-presenting cells for NK T cells. Although the mechanism underlying the elevation of NK T cells in periodontitis and in gingivitis lesions remains unclear, it can be postulated that NK T cells are recruited to a play regulatory role in the immune response to bacterial infection.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, CD1/analysis
- Antigens, CD1d
- Chronic Disease
- Clone Cells
- Genetic Variation
- Gingiva/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Inflammation/pathology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Periodontitis/pathology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/blood
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamazaki
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Niigata University, 5274, Gakkocho-Dori 2-ban-cho, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.
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Kurokawa M, Tong J, Matsui T, Masuko-Hongo K, Yabe T, Nishioka K, Yamamoto K, Kato T. Paired cloning of the T cell receptor alpha and beta genes from a single T cell without the establishment of a T cell clone. Clin Exp Immunol 2001; 123:340-5. [PMID: 11207667 PMCID: PMC1905975 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptors, which recognize antigen peptides on MHC molecules, are essential probes for the analysis of T cell antigen specificity. The identification of paired T cell receptor (TCR) chains, alpha/beta or gamma/delta, usually requires the establishment of T cell clones, which is not always available. In this study, we tried, as an alternative method, the paired cloning of TCR alpha/beta genes directly from a single T cell. T cells were sorted as a single cell from which RNA was extracted. Then, TCR alpha/beta CDR3 regions were amplified from the single cell-derived cDNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to determine their sequences. We successfully identified pairs of TCR alpha/beta genes, and reconstructed the TCR molecule by a bacterial expression system. This strategy makes it possible to obtain recombinant TCR molecules from a single T cell without cellular cloning and promotes the investigation of T cell antigen specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kurokawa
- Rheumatology, Immunology and Genetic Program, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.
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Muraro PA, Jacobsen M, Necker A, Nagle JW, Gaber R, Sommer N, Oertel WH, Martin R, Hemmer B. Rapid identification of local T cell expansion in inflammatory organ diseases by flow cytometric T cell receptor Vbeta analysis. J Immunol Methods 2000; 246:131-43. [PMID: 11121554 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(00)00309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oligoclonal expansion of antigen-specific T cells occurs frequently during inflammatory diseases. These cells may persist for a long time at high frequency in the body and be enriched in the affected tissues. As a screening test for expanded cell T cell populations at sites of inflammation, we developed an optimized methodology for flow-cytometry-based quantification of T cell receptor Vbeta (TCRBV) expression. We first validated the specificity of a TCRBV-specific monoclonal antibody set by direct comparison with PCR-based analysis of mono- and polyclonal T cell samples. This monoclonal antibody (mAb) panel recognized approximately two thirds of the T cell receptor alpha/beta repertoire in a group of 64 healthy donors and allowed defining TCR usage in the CD4+ and CD8+ subsets. The reliable detection of expanded Vbeta gene families in T cell populations was confirmed in experiments on superantigen-stimulated T cells. Through differential TCR analysis on T cell subpopulations in cerebrospinal fluid and blood in patients with acute encephalitis, we were able to identify locally expanded CD8+ T cells. The power of this approach affords not only high-throughput comparative TCR analysis for immunological studies in vitro, but also rapid ex vivo identification of cell populations enriched in organ compartments during inflammatory diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibody Specificity
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Clone Cells
- Encephalitis/blood
- Encephalitis/cerebrospinal fluid
- Encephalitis/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Superantigens/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Muraro
- Neuroimmunology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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44
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Kato T, Kurokawa M, Sasakawa H, Masuko-Hongo K, Matsui T, Sekine T, Tanaka C, Yamamoto K, Nishioka K. Analysis of accumulated T cell clonotypes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2000; 43:2712-21. [PMID: 11145029 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200012)43:12<2712::aid-anr11>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the accumulated T cell clonotypes in peripheral blood (PB) samples obtained at various times, and the accumulated T cell clonotypes in a PB sample and in an affected kidney, from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained at 2-4 different times from each of 5 SLE patients, with or without flare-up of the disease; in addition, a biopsied kidney tissue sample was obtained from 1 of the patients. RNA was extracted from each sample and complementary DNA was prepared. Genes that encode the variable region of T cell receptor (TCR) B chains (BV) of 3 BV families, 5S1, 8, and 14, were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the PCR products were cloned for sequencing. RESULTS A total of 877 cloned TCR genes was detected in the PBMC samples and the kidney sample. Oligoclonal T cell expansion was detected in 34 of the 36 PCR-amplified BV samples from PBMC (amplification of 3 BV families in 2-4 samples from 5 patients). The composition of clonally expanded T cell clonotypes was relatively stable in the patients with inactive SLE. In contrast, the composition of clonotypes in the PB changed drastically after the patient experienced the active phase of the disease. T cell clonotypes that had accumulated in the kidney appeared to be restricted and distinct from those that had accumulated in the PB of the same patient. CONCLUSION Different T cell clonotypes expand at different times and at different sites in patients with active SLE. The sensitizing antigens may change over the course of the disease and may be different at each site.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kato
- Rheumatology, Immunology, and Genetics Program, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Masuko-Hongo K, Kurokawa M, Kobata T, Nishioka K, Kato T. Effect of IL15 on T cell clonality in vitro and in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2000; 59:688-94. [PMID: 10976081 PMCID: PMC1753264 DOI: 10.1136/ard.59.9.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have suggested that interleukin (IL) 15 induces T cell accumulation in synovial lesions of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed at determining whether this cytokine could explain in vivo T cell clonality in RA. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with RA were stimulated in vitro with IL15 or IL2. After isolation of mRNA from stimulated cells and synovial T cells, genes coding the V-D(N)-J (CDR3) region of T cell receptor beta chains were amplified by a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. A single strand conformation polymorphism analysis was used to detect the clonotype(s) of accumulating T cells. Nucleotide and amino acid sequencing was also performed. RESULTS Stimulation of PBMC with IL15 resulted in oligoclonal expansion of T cells. However, IL15 induced clones from PBMC were mostly different from the dominantly expanding T cell clones in synovial fluid. Furthermore, IL15 and IL2 responding clones were only partially identical. CONCLUSIONS Although IL15 results in clonal accumulation of T cells, T cell clonality in rheumatoid joints could not be explained by the effect of IL15 alone. The results indicated the requirement of other factor(s), in addition to IL15, in the pathological process affecting RA joints. The results also suggested different responses by each T cell clone to IL15 or IL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Masuko-Hongo
- Rheumatology, Immunology and Genetics Program, Institute of Medical Science, St Marianna University, Kawasaki 216-8512, Japan.
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Nam KH, Illés Z, Terao K, Yoshikawa Y, Yamamura T. Characterization of expanded T cell clones in healthy macaques: ontogeny, distribution and stability. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2000; 24:703-715. [PMID: 10831804 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-305x(00)00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral expanded T cell clones have been discussed mainly in relation to certain diseases or immune function in humans and mice. There is little information on their ontogeny, stability and distribution among T cell subsets as well as major lymphoid organs. We applied reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with family specific primers for monkey T cell receptor beta chain V regions and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis to analyze the expanded T cell clones in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). A number of expanded T cell clones were detected in the peripheral blood of young and adult monkeys, but few expanded T cell clones were detected in the blood of a fetus and a 2-day-old neonate. The clones in adults were maintained over 3 months. These expanded T cell clones were distributed only in peripheral blood and spleen, but few were found in lymph nodes (axillary, inguinal and intestinal). The number of expanded T cell clones was much greater in CD8 single-positive (CD8sp) T cells than in CD4sp T cells, showing that most of these clones originated in the CD8sp T cell population. Almost all the expanded CD8sp T cell clones belonged to the CD28(-), CD29(hi) and Fas(+) subset. The usage of V beta genes was not skewed in the 24 V beta. Furthermore, higher mRNA signals for effector molecules perforin and IFN-gamma were detected in CD8sp T cell subsets with phenotypes of CD28(-), CD29(hi) and Fas(+), suggesting that the expanded T cells might have developed in relation to T cell activation in the periphery of cynomolgus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Nam
- Tsukuba Primate Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ibaraki, Japan
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Alfani E, Migliaccio AR, Sanchez M, Passarelli AM, Migliaccio G. Characterization of the T cell receptor repertoire of neonatal T cells by RT-PCR and single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000; 26:83-9. [PMID: 10918409 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) the individual non-germ line configurations of the T cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta chains expressed by T cells from eight individual cord blood specimens. cDNA from each cord blood was amplified using a common primer coupled with a primer specific for each of 22 variable elements of the Vbeta chain family and the amplified fragments were separated under high resolution conditions. With cDNA from adult blood (as a control), all of the TCR chains were amplified as a smear consistent with the extensive polyclonality of adult T cells. In contrast, a heterogeneous pattern of amplification was observed with cDNAs from cord blood: only 26.7+/-21.9% of the 22 Vbeta chains analyzed were amplified as a smear. The majority of them were amplified as a discrete number of bands (up to 10) (in 68.2 +/-18.7% of samples) and some of them as a single fragment (4.0+/-7.8%). Only one of the eight samples analyzed expressed the majority (72.7%) of its Vbeta chains as a smear, consistent with an adult-like TCR repertoire. In conclusion, cord blood expressed, on average, a less complex TCR repertoire than adult blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alfani
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Kondo S, Iwata I, Anzai K, Akashi T, Wakana S, Ohkubo K, Katsuta H, Ono J, Watanabe T, Niho Y, Nagafuchi S. Suppression of insulitis and diabetes in B cell-deficient mice treated with streptozocin: B cells are essential for the TCR clonotype spreading of islet-infiltrating T cells. Int Immunol 2000; 12:1075-83. [PMID: 10882419 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/12.7.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to clarify the role of B cells in the development of insulitis and diabetes, B cell-deficient (B(-)) mice treated with streptozocin (STZ) were studied. The extent of insulitis and the cumulative incidence of diabetes were significantly suppressed in B(-) mice (P < 0.0001), indicating that B cells are crucial for the progression of insulitis and diabetes. Accumulation of both CD4(+) T cells and B cells was observed in islets of B(+) mice, while CD4(+) T cells but not B cells were found in B(-) mice. A few CD8(+) T cells and macrophages were detectable in both types of mice. The immunohistochemical study did not reveal any change in the subpopulations of infiltrating lymphocytes except for the absence of B cells in the B(-) mice. TCR V(beta) gene repertoire usage of islet-infiltrating T cells was restricted to some extent in the B(+) or B(-) mice, but there was no significant difference between the B(+) and B(-) mice, suggesting that the initial islet-reactive T cell response can occur in the absence of B cells. In contrast, TCR clonotype spreading of islet-infiltrating T cells was significantly suppressed in B(-) mice compared with B(+) mice (P < 0.0001). These data suggest that initial priming of T cells is not impaired and TCR V(beta) repertoire usage is not limited by the lack of B cells, while B cells are important essentially for the spreading of islet-infiltrating clonal T cells in autoimmune diabetic mice induced with STZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kondo
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Fujii S. Role of interferon-alpha and clonally expanded T cells in the immunotherapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2000; 38:21-38. [PMID: 10811445 DOI: 10.3109/10428190009060316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Twenty five percent of patients in the chronic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) are treated with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) to induce a cytogenic remission. In addition to its direct effects on leukemic cells, IFN-alpha has been shown to induce immunologic alterations, including upregulation of the expression of major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens in antigen-presenting cells (APCs), as well as augmentation of the activity of the lymphocytes against tumor cells. However, there has been little direct evidence supporting a causal interaction between cellular immunoreactivity and clinical responsiveness to IFN-alpha. We have shown that one approach to elucidate the immunological mechanisms by which IFN-alpha exerts its anti-CML activity is by analyzing therapy-induced modulation in T-cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta chain usage, using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by single-strand conformation (SSCP) analysis. This method is particularly attractive, since it provides an index of antigen-specific T cell expansion, but does not require the extraction and purification of the antigens involved in the T-cell response. T cell clones that express the Vbeta 10, 12, and 14 families predominate in the peripheral blood (PB) of CML patients. The enhanced expression of the Vbeta 9 and 20 families has been detected in IFN-alpha responsive patients but not patients who are poorly responsive to this agent. This suggests that expansion of T cells expressing these TCR Vbeta gene families may serve as a prognostic factors of the clinical responsiveness of CML patients to IFN-alpha. In addition, since T cell clones that express certain Vbeta families may react with a discrete set of antigenic peptides presented on the surface of malignant cells, a better understanding of the immunobiology of T cells in CML may allow for the design of increasing efficacious immune therapy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fujii
- The Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Institute for Clinical Research, Kumamoto National Hospital, Japan.
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