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Zhao S, Si M, Deng X, Wang D, Kong L, Zhang Q. HCV inhibits M2a, M2b and M2c macrophage polarization via HCV core protein engagement with Toll‑like receptor 2. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:522. [PMID: 35837038 PMCID: PMC9257937 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Si
- Department of Foreign Languages, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Xianpei Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Dengqin Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Lingbin Kong
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
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2
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Li Y, Liu T, Chen G, Wang L, Guo A, Li Z, Pan L, Mao L, Luo X. Th17 cell differentiation induced by cytopathogenic biotype BVDV-2 in bovine PBLCs. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:884. [PMID: 34872498 PMCID: PMC8650399 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a major pathogen that causes bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease (BVD-MD), which has become a global infectious disease due to its wide spread and the lack of effective treatment. The process of BVDV infection is complex. Once infected, host immune cells are activated and modulated. As a major immune cell, peripheral blood lymphocyte cells (PBLCs) are the primary target of BVDV. In order to further understand the mechanism of BVDV- host interaction, the expression profiles of host lymphocytes mRNAs associated with BVDV infection were investigated by transcriptomic sequencing analysis. Results The transcriptomic sequencing analysis was performed on bovine PBLCs infected with CP BVDV-2 GS2018 after 12 h of infection. Gene expression profiling demonstrated that 1052 genes were differentially expressed in GS2018 infected PBLCs compared with the control group. Of these genes, 485 genes were up-regulated and 567 were down-regulated. The 19 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were selected for validation using quantitative real-time PCR and the results were consistent with the results of RNA-Seq. Gene ontology enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis showed that 1052 DEGs were significantly enriched in 16 pathways, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, IL17, PI3K-Akt, MAPK and TNF signaling pathway. PPI network analysis showed that IL17A, IFN-γ and TNF-α interacted with various proteins and may play crucial roles in BVDV-2 infection. Of note, we confirmed that GS2018 induced Th17 cell differentiation in PBLCs and persistently increased the expression levels of IL17A. In turn, the replication of GS2018 was inhibited by IL17A. Conclusion In this study, the transcription changes of DEGs related to host immune responses in bovine PBLCs were caused by CP BVDV-2 infection. In particular, the effector molecules IL17A of Th17 cells were significantly up-regulated, which inhibited viral replication. These results will contribute to exploration and further understanding of the host immune response mechanism and interaction between host and BVDV-2. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08194-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Tingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Aimin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Li Mao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Xuenong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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3
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Song X, Gao X, Wang Y, Raja R, Zhang Y, Yang S, Li M, Yao Z, Wei L. HCV Core Protein Induces Chemokine CCL2 and CXCL10 Expression Through NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654998. [PMID: 34531848 PMCID: PMC8438213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HCV core protein is the first structural protein synthesized during hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and replication. It is released from virus infected liver cells and mediates multiple functions to affect host cell response. The innate immune response is the first line of defense against viral infection. After HCV infection, Kupffer cells (KCs) which are liver macrophages play an important role in host innate immune response. Kupffer cells act as phagocytes and release different cytokines and chemokines to counter viral infection and regulate inflammation and fibrosis in liver. Earlier, we have demonstrated that HCV core protein interacts with gC1qR and activates MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT pathways in macrophages. In this study, we explored the effect of HCV core protein on CCL2 and CXCL10 expression in macrophages and the signaling pathways involved. Upon silencing of gC1qR, we observed a significant decrease expression of CCL2 and CXCL10 in macrophages in the presence of HCV core protein. Inhibiting NF-κB pathway, but not P38, JNK, ERK and AKT pathways greatly reduced the expression of CCL2 and CXCL10. Therefore, our results indicate that interaction of HCV core protein with gC1qR could induce CCL2 and CXCL10 secretion in macrophages via NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings may shed light on the understanding of how leukocytes migrate into the liver and exaggerate host-derived immune responses and may provide novel therapeutic targets in HCV chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Song
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rameez Raja
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Yaoyu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shulin Yang
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiyan Yao
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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4
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Polyak SJ, Crispe IN, Baumert TF. Liver Abnormalities after Elimination of HCV Infection: Persistent Epigenetic and Immunological Perturbations Post-Cure. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10010044. [PMID: 33430338 PMCID: PMC7825776 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. While directly acting antiviral (DAA) drugs are now able to cure virtually all hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, even in subjects with advanced liver disease, what happens to the liver and progression of the disease after DAA-induced cure of viremia is only beginning to emerge. Several large-scale clinical studies in different patient populations have shown that patients with advanced liver disease maintain a risk for developing HCC even when the original instigator, the virus, is eliminated by DAAs. Here we review emerging studies derived from multiple, complementary experimental systems involving patient liver tissues, human liver cell cultures, human liver slice cultures, and animal models, showing that HCV infection induces epigenetic, signaling, and gene expression changes in the liver associated with altered hepatic innate immunity and liver cancer risk. Of critical importance is the fact that these virus-induced abnormalities persist after DAA cure of HCV. These nascent findings portend the discovery of pathways involved in post-HCV immunopathogenesis, which may be clinically actionable targets for more comprehensive care of DAA-cured individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Polyak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Correspondence: (S.J.P.); (I.N.C.); (T.F.B.)
| | - I. Nicholas Crispe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Correspondence: (S.J.P.); (I.N.C.); (T.F.B.)
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm U1110, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pole Hépato-digestif, IHU, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: (S.J.P.); (I.N.C.); (T.F.B.)
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5
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Liou JW, Mani H, Yen JH, Hsu HJ, Chang CC. Hepatitis C virus core protein: Not just a nucleocapsid building block, but an immunity and inflammation modulator. Tzu Chi Med J 2021; 34:139-147. [PMID: 35465281 PMCID: PMC9020238 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_97_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coevolution occurs between viruses and their hosts. The hosts need to evolve means to eliminate pathogenic virus infections, and the viruses, for their own survival and multiplication, have to develop mechanisms to escape clearance by hosts. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) of Flaviviridae is a pathogen which infects human liver and causes hepatitis, a condition of liver inflammation. Unlike most of the other flaviviruses, HCV has an excellent ability to evade host immunity to establish chronic infection. The persistent liver infection leads to chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as extrahepatic HCV-related diseases. HCV genomic RNA only expresses 10 proteins, many of which bear functions, in addition to those involved in HCV life cycle, for assisting the virus to develop its persistency. HCV core protein is a structural protein which encapsulates HCV genomic RNA and assembles into nucleocapsids. The core protein is also found to exert functions to affect host inflammation and immune responses by altering a variety of host pathways. This paper reviews the studies regarding the HCV core protein-induced alterations of host immunity and inflammatory responses, as well as the involvements of the HCV core protein in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine stimulations, host cellular transcription, lipid metabolism, cell apoptosis, cell proliferations, immune cell differentiations, oxidative stress, and hepatocyte steatosis, which leads to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC. Implications of roles played by the HCV core protein in therapeutic resistance are also discussed.
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6
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Li G, Fan Y, Lai Y, Han T, Li Z, Zhou P, Pan P, Wang W, Hu D, Liu X, Zhang Q, Wu J. Coronavirus infections and immune responses. J Med Virol 2020; 92:424-432. [PMID: 31981224 PMCID: PMC7166547 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1105] [Impact Index Per Article: 276.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are by far the largest group of known positive-sense RNA viruses having an extensive range of natural hosts. In the past few decades, newly evolved Coronaviruses have posed a global threat to public health. The immune response is essential to control and eliminate CoV infections, however, maladjusted immune responses may result in immunopathology and impaired pulmonary gas exchange. Gaining a deeper understanding of the interaction between Coronaviruses and the innate immune systems of the hosts may shed light on the development and persistence of inflammation in the lungs and hopefully can reduce the risk of lung inflammation caused by CoVs. In this review, we provide an update on CoV infections and relevant diseases, particularly the host defense against CoV-induced inflammation of lung tissue, as well as the role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaohua Fan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Lai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Han
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zonghui Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiwen Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Pan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbiao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Pubic Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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7
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Chernykh ER, Oleynik EA, Leplina OY, Starostina NM, Ostanin AA. Dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis C. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2019. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-2019-2-239-252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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8
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Different core-specific T cell subsets are expanded in chronic hepatitis C with advanced liver disease. Cytokine 2018; 124:154456. [PMID: 31631862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is frequently related to liver fibrosis, and several studies have suggested that the immunological activity of HCV antigens contributes to hepatic damage. In the present study, among structural and non-structural HCV antigens, elevatedIL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 levels were secreted by PBMC cultures obtained from CHC patients following stimulation with core antigen. Moreover, the percentage of core-specific IL-6+IL-17+(CD4+ and CD8+) T cells was significantly higher in patients with worsehepatic lesions, determined on the Metavir scale. When compared with healthy subjects, the percentage of circulating Treg cells was elevated in CHC patients, mainly among those with advanced liver fibrosis. Nevertheless, in this last group of patients, the proportion of CD39+ Treg subsets was very low. Finally, the percentage of senescent (CD57+ CD28-) and exhausted (PD-1+CD28+) core-specific T cells in CHC patients was also found to be a result of fibrotic hepatic status. In summary, imbalances between different core-specific T cell subsets are associated with liver fibrosis severity.
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9
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Fernández-Ponce C, Durán-Ruiz MC, Narbona-Sánchez I, Muñoz-Miranda JP, Arbulo-Echevarria MM, Serna-Sanz A, Baumann C, Litrán R, Aguado E, Bloch W, García-Cozar F. Ultrastructural Localization and Molecular Associations of HCV Capsid Protein in Jurkat T Cells. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2595. [PMID: 29354102 PMCID: PMC5758585 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus core protein is a highly basic viral protein that multimerizes with itself to form the viral capsid. When expressed in CD4+ T lymphocytes, it can induce modifications in several essential cellular and biological networks. To shed light on the mechanisms underlying the alterations caused by the viral protein, we have analyzed HCV-core subcellular localization and its associations with host proteins in Jurkat T cells. In order to investigate the intracellular localization of Hepatitis C virus core protein, we have used a lentiviral system to transduce Jurkat T cells and subsequently localize the protein using immunoelectron microscopy techniques. We found that in Jurkat T cells, Hepatitis C virus core protein mostly localizes in the nucleus and specifically in the nucleolus. In addition, we performed pull-down assays combined with Mass Spectrometry Analysis, to identify proteins that associate with Hepatitis C virus core in Jurkat T cells. We found proteins such as NOLC1, PP1γ, ILF3, and C1QBP implicated in localization and/or traffic to the nucleolus. HCV-core associated proteins are implicated in RNA processing and RNA virus infection as well as in functions previously shown to be altered in Hepatitis C virus core expressing CD4+ T cells, such as cell cycle delay, decreased proliferation, and induction of a regulatory phenotype. Thus, in the current work, we show the ultrastructural localization of Hepatitis C virus core and the first profile of HCV core associated proteins in T cells, and we discuss the functions and interconnections of these proteins in molecular networks where relevant biological modifications have been described upon the expression of Hepatitis C virus core protein. Thereby, the current work constitutes a necessary step toward understanding the mechanisms underlying HCV core mediated alterations that had been described in relevant biological processes in CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Fernández-Ponce
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Maria C Durán-Ruiz
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Isaac Narbona-Sánchez
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Juan P Muñoz-Miranda
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Mikel M Arbulo-Echevarria
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | | | | | - Rocío Litrán
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Enrique Aguado
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Francisco García-Cozar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
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10
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Soysa R, Wu X, Crispe IN. Dendritic cells in hepatitis and liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2017; 23:1433-1439. [PMID: 28752938 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in innate immune responses and are also the most effective cells for the activation of T cell immunity. They acquire antigen and process it; then they display it on the cell surface bound in a noncovalent complex with human leukocyte antigen molecules of class I (human leukocyte antigens A, B, and C) and class II (human leukocyte antigen DR). These cells are subdivided into 3 main subsets: 2 called myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) or classical DCs of types 1 and 2, and 1 called plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). The mDCs process and present antigen while the pDCs also strongly respond to viral signals by secreting type 1 interferon. In the liver, all of these subsets are present. However, their relative abundance is different from the peripheral blood, and it is further modified by liver disease. It appears that in relation to T cell tolerance, both mDCs and pDCs are influenced by the liver milieu and promote T cell inactivation. However, in antiviral responses and in ischemia/reperfusion injury, where innate immune functions are more important, mDCs and pDCs have distinct roles. Liver Transplantation 23 1433-1439 2017 AASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radika Soysa
- Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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11
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Fernández-Ponce C, Dominguez-Villar M, Muñoz-Miranda JP, Arbulo-Echevarria MM, Litrán R, Aguado E, García-Cozar F. Immune modulation by the hepatitis C virus core protein. J Viral Hepat 2017; 24:350-356. [PMID: 28092420 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is currently the most important cause of chronic viral hepatitis in the world and one of the most frequent indications for liver transplantation. HCV uses different strategies to evade the innate and adaptive immune response, and this evasion plays a key role in determining viral persistence. Several HCV viral proteins have been described as immune modulators. In this review, we will focus on the effect of HCV nucleocapsid core protein in the function of immune cells and its correlation with the findings observed in HCV chronically infected patients. Effects on immune cell function related to both extracellular and intracellular HCV core localization will be considered. This review provides an updated perspective on the mechanisms involved in HCV evasion related to one single HCV protein, which could become a key tool in the development of new antiviral strategies able to control and/or eradicate HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fernández-Ponce
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - M Dominguez-Villar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Human Translational Immunology Program, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St. 353D, New Haven, 06520, CT
| | - J P Muñoz-Miranda
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - M M Arbulo-Echevarria
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - R Litrán
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - E Aguado
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - F García-Cozar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), University of Cadiz and Institute of Biomedical Research Cádiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
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12
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Komolmit P, Charoensuk K, Thanapirom K, Suksawatamnuay S, Thaimai P, Chirathaworn C, Poovorawan Y. Correction of vitamin D deficiency facilitated suppression of IP-10 and DPP IV levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C: A randomised double-blinded, placebo-control trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174608. [PMID: 28376103 PMCID: PMC5380326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency was common among patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and had negative influence on treatment outcome. Correction of vitamin D deficiency improved treatment response. Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) and enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP IV) involved in inflammatory responses in CHC. Their higher levels at pretreatment of CHC could predict poorer responses. Vitamin D suppressed expression of IP-10 from monocytes in vitro. In CHC patients, DPP IV involved in IP-10 regulation. We hypothesized that correction of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in CHC patients might restore immune dysregulation through a pathway linked to the TH1/Th2 cytokines, IP-10 or DPP IV. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 80 CHC patients with vitamin D levels less than 30 ng/mL were assigned to receive vitamin D (40) or placebo (40) supplements for 6 weeks. The levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], Th1/Th2 cytokines, IP-10 and DPP IV were measured at baseline and at the 6th week. At the end of study, the mean 25(OH)D level in vitamin D group was significantly increased and normalised. There were no changes in the level of Th1/Th2 cytokines. Our important finding revealed that upon correction of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency, the serum IP-10 and DPP IV levels were decreased significantly as compare to the placebo group (delta changes; 83.27 vs -133.80; 95% CI [-326.910, -40.758], p = 0.0125, and 271.04 vs -518.69; 95% CI [-1179,15, -59.781], p = 0.0305, respectively. As previous evidences suggested that each factor individually influenced and predicted outcome of CHC treatment. Our results offer a new insight and help to piece the puzzle of vitamin D deficiency, IP-10 and DPP IV together in CHC. TRIAL REGISTRATION Thai Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20160429001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyawat Komolmit
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and Center of Excellence in Liver Diseases: King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kriangsak Charoensuk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and Center of Excellence in Liver Diseases: King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal medicine, Buddhachinaraj Hospital School of Medicine, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kessarin Thanapirom
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and Center of Excellence in Liver Diseases: King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirinporn Suksawatamnuay
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and Center of Excellence in Liver Diseases: King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panarat Thaimai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and Center of Excellence in Liver Diseases: King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chintana Chirathaworn
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn university, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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13
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Zhai N, Li H, Song H, Yang Y, Cui A, Li T, Niu J, Crispe IN, Su L, Tu Z. Hepatitis C Virus Induces MDSCs-Like Monocytes through TLR2/PI3K/AKT/STAT3 Signaling. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170516. [PMID: 28114346 PMCID: PMC5256909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent studies reveal the accumulation of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following HCV infection, which may facilitate and maintain HCV persistent infection. The mechanisms by which HCV induces MDSCs are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms by which HCV induces MDSCs that lead to suppression of T cell proliferation and expansion of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. METHODS Purified monocytes from healthy donors were cultured with HCV core protein (HCVc) or cell culture-derived HCV virions (HCVcc), and characterized the phenotype and function of these monocytes by flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, ELISA and western blot assays. In addition, peripheral blood from healthy donors and chronic HCV infected patients was collected, and MDSCs and CD4+CD25+CD127- regulatory T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Both HCVc and HCVcc induced expression of IDO1, PD-L1 and IL-10, and significantly down-regulated HLA-DR expression in human monocytes. HCVc-treated monocytes triggered CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs expansion, and inhibited autologous CD4+ T cell activation in an IDO1-dependent fashion. Our results showed that HCV virions or HCV core proteins induced MDSC-like suppressive monocytes via the TLR2/PI3K/AKT/STAT3 signaling pathway. Monocytes derived from patients with chronic HCV infection displayed MDSCs characteristics. Moreover, the percentages of CD14+ MDSCs and CD4+CD25+CD127- Tregs in chronic HCV infected patients were significantly higher than healthy individuals, and the frequency of MDSCs correlated with CD4+CD25+CD127- Tregs. CONCLUSIONS HCV induced MDSC-like suppressive monocytes through TLR2/PI3K/AKT/STAT3 signaling pathway to induce CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and inhibit autologous CD4+ T cell activation. It will be of interest to test whether antagonizing suppressive functions of MDSCs could enhance immune responses and virus control in chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naicui Zhai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongxiao Song
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - An Cui
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyang Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ian Nicholas Crispe
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lishan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Zhengkun Tu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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14
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Zhang Q, Wang Y, Zhai N, Song H, Li H, Yang Y, Li T, Guo X, Chi B, Niu J, Crispe IN, Su L, Tu Z. HCV core protein inhibits polarization and activity of both M1 and M2 macrophages through the TLR2 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36160. [PMID: 27786268 PMCID: PMC5082373 DOI: 10.1038/srep36160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) establishes persistent infection in most infected patients, and eventually causes chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in some patients. Monocytes and macrophages provide the first line of defense against pathogens, but their roles in HCV infection remains unclear. We have reported that HCV core protein (HCVc) manipulates human blood-derived dendritic cell development. In the present study, we tested whether HCVc affects human blood-derived monocyte differentiating into macrophages. Results showed that HCVc inhibits monocyte differentiation to either M1 or M2 macrophages through TLR2, associated with impaired STATs signaling pathway. Moreover, HCVc inhibits phagocytosis activity of M1 and M2 macrophages, M1 macrophage-induced autologous and allogeneic CD4+ T cell activation, but promotes M2 macrophage-induced autologous and allogeneic CD4+ T cell activation. In conclusion, HCVc inhibits monocyte-derived macrophage polarization via TLR2 signaling, leading to dysfunctions of both M1 and M2 macrophages in chronic HCV infected patients. This may contribute to the mechanism of HCV persistent infection, and suggest that blockade of HCVc might be a novel therapeutic approach to treating HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Naicui Zhai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongxiao Song
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyang Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolin Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baorong Chi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ian Nicholas Crispe
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lishan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zhengkun Tu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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15
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Herrero R, Pineda JA, Rivero-Juarez A, Echbarthi M, Real LM, Camacho A, Macias J, Fibla J, Rivero A, Caruz A. Common haplotypes in CD209 promoter and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in intravenous drug users. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 45:20-25. [PMID: 27539513 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD209 is a receptor expressed in the dendritic cells involved in recognition of oligosaccharides present in several pathogens with a relevant impact on human health. SNPs located in the promoter region have been associated with HIV-1 susceptibility, although this finding has not been replicated in other populations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association of CD209 promoter haplotypes with risk of HIV-1 infection in a cohort of Spanish male intravenous drug users (IDU) infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and to characterize the phenotypic effects of the associated variants. METHODS We genotyped 4 SNPs of CD209 promoter in 295 HCV males exposed to HIV-1 infection by IDU, 165 HIV-1-infected and 130 exposed uninfected (EUI) and 142 healthy controls (HC). We have cloned the promoter variants in a reporter vector and evaluated the promoter activities in a cell culture model. CD209 mRNAs were measured in PBMC. RESULTS Single-marker analysis revealed no significant allelic association with the risk of HIV-1 infection by parenteral route. Nevertheless, one haplotype was significantly overrepresented in EUI compared with HIV-1 positive patients and was associated with HIV-1 status (P=0.0008; OR: 0.43). Functional experiments suggested that the protective haplotype displayed lower transcriptional activity in vitro (P<0.05) and this was correlated with lower CD209 mRNA expression in PBMC (P=0.014). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the promoter haplotypes of CD209 influence the risk of HIV-1 acquisition in IDU and that this association is correlated with the mRNA expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Herrero
- Immunogenetics Unit, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Juan A Pineda
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Clinical Unit, Valme Hospital, 41014 Seville, Spain.
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juarez
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Meriem Echbarthi
- Immunogenetics Unit, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Luis-Miguel Real
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Clinical Unit, Valme Hospital, 41014 Seville, Spain.
| | - Angela Camacho
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Juan Macias
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Clinical Unit, Valme Hospital, 41014 Seville, Spain.
| | - Joan Fibla
- Human Genetics Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Lleida IRBLleida, 25003, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Rivero
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Antonio Caruz
- Immunogenetics Unit, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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16
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Song X, Yao Z, Yang J, Zhang Z, Deng Y, Li M, Ma C, Yang L, Gao X, Li W, Liu J, Wei L. HCV core protein binds to gC1qR to induce A20 expression and inhibit cytokine production through MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2016; 7:33796-808. [PMID: 27183919 PMCID: PMC5085119 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is characterized by a strong propensity toward chronicity. During chronic HCV infection, HCV core protein is implicated in deregulating cytokine expression that associates with chronic inflammation. A20 is known as a powerful suppressor in cytokine signaling, in this study, we explored the A20 expression in macrophages induced by HCV core protein and the involved signaling pathways. Results demonstrated that HCV core protein induced A20 expression in macrophages. Silencing A20 significantly enhanced the secretion of IL-6, IL-1β and TGF-β1, but not IL-8 and TNF. Additionally, HCV core protein interacted with gC1qR, but not TLR2, TLR3 and TLR4 in pull-down assay. Silencing gC1qR abrogated core-induced A20 expression. Furthermore, HCV core protein activated MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT pathways in macrophages. Inhibition of P38, JNK and NF-κB but not ERK and AKT activities greatly reduced the A20 expression. In conclusion, the study suggests that HCV core protein ligates gC1qR to induce A20 expression in macrophages via P38, JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways, which leads to a low-grade chronic inflammation during HCV infection. It represents a novel mechanism by which HCV usurps the host for persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Song
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiyan Yao
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianling Yang
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhengzheng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuqing Deng
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenjian Li
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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17
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Saik OV, Ivanisenko TV, Demenkov PS, Ivanisenko VA. Interactome of the hepatitis C virus: Literature mining with ANDSystem. Virus Res 2015; 218:40-8. [PMID: 26673098 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A study of the molecular genetics mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions is of paramount importance in developing drugs against viral diseases. Currently, the literature contains a huge amount of information that describes interactions between HCV and human proteins. In addition, there are many factual databases that contain experimentally verified data on HCV-host interactions. The sources of such data are the original data along with the data manually extracted from the literature. However, the manual analysis of scientific publications is time consuming and, because of this, databases created with such an approach often do not have complete information. One of the most promising methods to provide actualisation and completeness of information is text mining. Here, with the use of a previously developed method by the authors using ANDSystem, an automated extraction of information on the interactions between HCV and human proteins was conducted. As a data source for the text mining approach, PubMed abstracts and full text articles were used. Additionally, external factual databases were analyzed. On the basis of this analysis, a special version of ANDSystem, extended with the HCV interactome, was created. The HCV interactome contains information about the interactions between 969 human and 11 HCV proteins. Among the 969 proteins, 153 'new' proteins were found not previously referred to in any external databases of protein-protein interactions for HCV-host interactions. Thus, the extended ANDSystem possesses a more comprehensive detailing of HCV-host interactions versus other existing databases. It was interesting that HCV proteins more preferably interact with human proteins that were already involved in a large number of protein-protein interactions as well as those associated with many diseases. Among human proteins of the HCV interactome, there were a large number of proteins regulated by microRNAs. It turned out that the results obtained for protein-protein interactions and microRNA-regulation did not depend on how well the proteins were studied, while protein-disease interactions appeared to be dependent on the level of study. In particular, the mean number of diseases linked to well-studied proteins (proteins were considered well-studied if they were mentioned in 50 or more PubMed publications) from the HCV interactome was 20.8, significantly exceeding the mean number of associations with diseases (10.1) for the total set of well-studied human proteins present in ANDSystem. For proteins not highly poorly-studied investigated, proteins from the HCV interactome (each protein was referred to in less than 50 publications) distribution of the number of diseases associated with them had no statistically significant differences from the distribution of the number of diseases associated with poorly-studied proteins based on the total set of human proteins stored in ANDSystem. With this, the average number of associations with diseases for the HCV interactome and the total set of human proteins were 0.3 and 0.2, respectively. Thus, ANDSystem, extended with the HCV interactome, can be helpful in a wide range of issues related to analyzing HCV-host interactions in the search for anti-HCV drug targets. The demo version of the extended ANDSystem covered here containing only interactions between human proteins, genes, metabolites, diseases, miRNAs and molecular-genetic pathways, as well as interactions between human proteins/genes and HCV proteins, is freely available at the following web address: http://www-bionet.sscc.ru/psd/andhcv/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Saik
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; PB-soft, LLC, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Timofey V Ivanisenko
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; PB-soft, LLC, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Pavel S Demenkov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; PB-soft, LLC, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Vladimir A Ivanisenko
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; PB-soft, LLC, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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18
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Suabjakyong P, Nishimura K, Toida T, Van Griensven LJLD. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides from Phellinus linteus and Phellinus igniarius on the IL-6/IL-10 cytokine balance of the mouse macrophage cell lines (RAW 264.7). Food Funct 2015; 6:2834-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00491h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phellinus linteus and igniarius (L.) Quel. have been used in traditional Asian medicine for over two centuries against a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papawee Suabjakyong
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chiba University
- Chiba
- Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nishimura
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chiba University
- Chiba
- Japan
| | - Toshihiko Toida
- Department of Clinical and Analytical Biochemistry
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chiba University
- Chiba
- Japan
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19
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Zhai N, Chi X, Li T, Song H, Li H, Jin X, Crispe IN, Su L, Niu J, Tu Z. Hepatitis C virus core protein triggers expansion and activation of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in chronic hepatitis C patients. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 12:743-9. [PMID: 25531392 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are increased in patients with chronic hepatitis C, which may contribute to the sustained suppression of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific T-cell responses and viral persistence in HCV-infected individuals. We postulated that HCV core protein (HCVc) directly contributes to the expansion of Tregs in HCV-infected patients, and we provide evidence to support this hypothesis in the report. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and sera were collected from 87 treatment-naïve chronic HCV-infected patients, CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs were measured by flow cytometry, and HCV RNA and HCVc levels were detected using qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. CD4(+), CD8(+), CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells were purified from healthy donors and cultured with recombinant HCVc and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell proliferation, and ELISA was performed to measure cytokine production. In the 87 chronic HCV-infected patients, HCVc showed a significant correlation with HCV RNA and CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs. Mechanistic studies showed that HCVc, together with anti-CD3 antibody, augmented CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg proliferation, but inhibited CD4(+)CD25(-) T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ production, in a dose-dependent and Treg-dependent manner. Moreover, unlike the TLR3 ligand (poly I:C) and the TLR4 ligand (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), the TLR2 ligand (lipoteichoic acid, LTA) and HCVc both inhibited TCR-induced CD4(+) T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion in a Treg-dependent manner. These data indicate that HCVc, like other TLR2 ligands, triggers CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg activation and expansion to inhibit host immune responses, which may play a critical role in viral persistence in HCV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naicui Zhai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiumei Chi
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyang Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongxiao Song
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xia Jin
- Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Lishan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengkun Tu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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20
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Balmasova IP, Yushchuk ND, Mynbaev OA, Alla NR, Malova ES, Shi Z, Gao CL. Immunopathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:14156-14171. [PMID: 25339804 PMCID: PMC4202346 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a widespread infectious disease with unfavorable outcomes and life-threatening consequences for patients, in spite of modern vaccination and antiviral treatment modalities. Cutting-edge experimental approaches have demonstrated key pathways that involve cross-talk between viral particles and host immune cells. All events, including penetration of hepatitis B virus (HBV) particles into host cells, establishing persistence, and chronization of CHB infection, and possibility of complete elimination of HBV particles are controlled by the immune system. Researchers have paid special attention to the replication capacity of HBV in host cells, which is associated with cellular changes that reflect presentation of viral antigens and variability of HBV antigen features. In addition, specific HBV proteins have an immune-modulating ability to initiate molecular mechanisms that “avoid” control by the immune system. The relationship between immunological shifts and chronic infection stages has been intensively studied since it was recognized that the immune system is a direct participant in the recurrent (cyclic) nature of CHB. Understanding the wide diversity of molecular pathways and the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune system components will provide fresh insight into CHB immune pathogenesis and the possibilities of developing new treatment strategies for this disease.
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Granato M, Lacconi V, Peddis M, Di Renzo L, Valia S, Rivanera D, Antonelli G, Frati L, Faggioni A, Cirone M. Hepatitis C virus present in the sera of infected patients interferes with the autophagic process of monocytes impairing their in-vitro differentiation into dendritic cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1348-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Samrat SK, Li W, Singh S, Kumar R, Agrawal B. Alternate reading frame protein (F protein) of hepatitis C virus: paradoxical effects of activation and apoptosis on human dendritic cells lead to stimulation of T cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86567. [PMID: 24475147 PMCID: PMC3903568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) leads to chronic infection in the majority of infected individuals due to lack, failure, or inefficiency of generated adaptive immune responses. In a minority of patients, acute infection is followed by viral clearance. The immune correlates of viral clearance are not clear yet but have been extensively investigated, suggesting that multispecific and multifunctional cellular immunity is involved. The generation of cellular immunity is highly dependent upon how antigen presenting cells (APCs) process and present various viral antigens. Various structural and non-structural HCV proteins derived from the open reading frame (ORF) have been implicated in modulation of dendritic cells (DCs) and APCs. Besides the major ORF proteins, the HCV core region also encodes an alternate reading frame protein (ARFP or F), whose function in viral pathogenesis is not clear. In the current studies, we sought to determine the role of HCV-derived ARFP in modulating dendritic cells and stimulation of T cell responses. Recombinant adenovirus vectors containing F or core protein derived from HCV (genotype 1a) were prepared and used to endogenously express these proteins in dendritic cells. We made an intriguing observation that endogenous expression of F protein in human DCs leads to contrasting effects on activation and apoptosis of DCs, allowing activated DCs to efficiently internalize apoptotic DCs. These in turn result in efficient ability of DCs to process and present antigen and to prime and stimulate F protein derived peptide-specific T cells from HCV-naive individuals. Taken together, our findings suggest important aspects of F protein in modulating DC function and stimulating T cell responses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Kumar Samrat
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shakti Singh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Babita Agrawal
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Yan H, Ohno N, Tsuji NM. The role of C-type lectin receptors in immune homeostasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:353-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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HCV J6/JFH1 tilts the capability of myeloid-derived dendritic cells to favor the induction of immunosuppression and Th17-related inflammatory cytokines. Pharm Res 2013; 32:741-8. [PMID: 23619596 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE How HCV virus affects the function of dendritic cells (DCs) and their ability to induce CD4+ T cell response remains not fully understood. This study was done to elucidate the impact of HCV on the function of DCs and on DC's capability to induce CD4+ T-cell response. METHODS Monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) were treated with cell-culture HCV (HCVcc). The effects of HCVcc on DC maturation, CD40L-induced DC maturation, and cytokine production and the capacity of DCs to induce Th cytokine production of allogeneic CD4+ T cells were evaluated. RESULTS HCVcc exposure increased expression of both IL-6 and IL-10 by MoDCs. HCV-exposed MoDCs also selectively facilitated allogeneic CD4+ T cells to further produce Th17-related cytokines interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and IL-17A. Pretreatment of IL-17A inhibited HCV production in Huh7.5 cells, suggesting that induction of Th17 cells may be beneficial to host anti-HCV immunity. Paradoxically, induction of IL-10 expression and the failure of HCV-exposed MoDCs to facilitate other Th cell development may hinder the anti-viral immunity. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights both the therapeutic potential of IL-17A in treating HCV infection and the cautious consideration of HCV-induced immunosuppression in DC-based therapy.
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Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with a number of extrahepatic disorders. The most studied conditions associated with HCV are type II mixed cryoglobulinemia and B cell lymphoma. However, many reports suggest that HCV might also be associated with a number of autoimmune disorders, both organ-specific and not organ-specific. Although concomitant treatment of HCV infection is a confounding factor when ascertaining the actual role of HCV in inducing autoimmune disease, a considerable amount of experimental data indicates that HCV is able to subvert the immune system and consequently induce autoimmunity. In the present review, we report a series of observations which associate chronic HCV infection with the onset of autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino Paroli
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical-Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Schmidt SV, Nino-Castro AC, Schultze JL. Regulatory dendritic cells: there is more than just immune activation. Front Immunol 2012; 3:274. [PMID: 22969767 PMCID: PMC3432880 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system exists in a delicate equilibrium between inflammatory responses and tolerance. This unique feature allows the immune system to recognize and respond to potential threats in a controlled but normally limited fashion thereby preventing a destructive overreaction against healthy tissues. While the adaptive immune system was the major research focus concerning activation vs. tolerance in the immune system more recent findings suggest that cells of the innate immune system are important players in the decision between effective immunity and induction of tolerance or immune inhibition. Among immune cells of the innate immune system dendritic cells (DCs) have a special function linking innate immune functions with the induction of adaptive immunity. DCs are the primary professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) initiating adaptive immune responses. They belong to the hematopoietic system and arise from CD34(+) stem cells in the bone marrow. Particularly in the murine system two major subgroups of DCs, namely myeloid DCs (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) can be distinguished. DCs are important mediators of innate and adaptive immunity mostly due to their remarkable capacity to present processed antigens via major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) to T cells and B cells in secondary lymphoid organs. A large body of literature has been accumulated during the last two decades describing which role DCs play during activation of T cell responses but also during the establishment and maintenance of central tolerance (Steinman et al., 2003). While the concept of peripheral tolerance has been clearly established during the last years, the role of different sets of DCs and their particular molecular mechanisms of immune deviation has not yet fully been appreciated. In this review we summarize accumulating evidence about the role of regulatory DCs in situations where the balance between tolerance and immunogenicity has been altered leading to pathologic conditions such as chronic inflammation or malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne V Schmidt
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany
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HCV proteins and immunoglobulin variable gene (IgV) subfamilies in HCV-induced type II mixed cryoglobulinemia: a concurrent pathogenetic role. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:705013. [PMID: 22690241 PMCID: PMC3368339 DOI: 10.1155/2012/705013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and type II mixed cryoglobulinemia (MCII) is well established, but the role played by distinct HCV proteins and by specific components of the anti-HCV humoral immune response remains to be clearly defined. It is widely accepted that HCV drives the expansion of few B-cell clones expressing a restricted pool of selected immunoglobulin variable (IgV) gene subfamilies frequently endowed with rheumatoid factor (RF) activity. Moreover, the same IgV subfamilies are frequently observed in HCV-transformed malignant B-cell clones occasionally complicating MCII. In this paper, we analyze both the humoral and viral counterparts at the basis of cryoglobulins production in HCV-induced MCII, with particular attention reserved to the single IgV subfamilies most frequently involved.
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