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Lauruschkat CD, Muchsin I, Rein AF, Erhard F, Grathwohl D, Dölken L, Köchel C, Nehmer A, Falk CS, Grigoleit GU, Einsele H, Wurster S, Kraus S. Impaired T cells and "memory-like" NK-cell reconstitution is linked to late-onset HCMV reactivation after letermovir cessation. Blood Adv 2024; 8:2967-2979. [PMID: 38315873 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023012008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) is the only cure for many hematologic malignancies. However, alloSCT recipients are susceptible to opportunistic pathogens, such as human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Letermovir prophylaxis has revolutionized HCMV management, but the challenge of late HCMV reactivations has emerged. Immunological surrogates of clinically significant HCMV infection (csCMVi) after discontinuation of letermovir remain to be defined. Therefore, we studied natural killer (NK)-cell reconstitution along with the global and HCMV pp65-specific T-cell repertoire of 24 alloSCT recipients at 7 time points before (day +90) and after (days +120-270) cessation of letermovir prophylaxis. Patients who experienced csCMVi had lower counts of IFN-γ+ HCMV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells than HCMV controllers. Furthermore, patients with csCMVi displayed late impairment of NK-cell reconstitution, especially suppression of "memory-like" CD159c+CD56dim NK-cell counts that preceded csCMVi events in most patients. Moreover, several surrogates of immune reconstitution were associated with the severity of HCMV manifestation, with patients suffering from HCMV end-organ disease and/or refractory HCMV infection harboring least HCMV-specific T cells and "memory-like" NK cells. Altogether, our findings establish an association of delayed or insufficient proliferation of both HCMV-specific T cells and "memory-like" NK cells with csCMVi and the severity of HCMV manifestations after discontinuation of letermovir prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ihsan Muchsin
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alice Felicitas Rein
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Erhard
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Denise Grathwohl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lars Dölken
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Köchel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anne Nehmer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christine Susanne Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Medizinische Hochschule Hanover, Hanover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, TTU-IICH, Hanover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Diseases, BREATH Site, Hanover, Germany
| | - Götz Ulrich Grigoleit
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Helios Hospital Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wurster
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sabrina Kraus
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Hearps AC, Zhou J, Agius PA, Ha P, Lee S, Price P, Kek H, Kroon E, Akapirat S, Pinyakorn S, Phanuphak N, Sacdalan C, Hsu D, Ananworanich J, Vasan S, Schuetz A, Jaworowski A. Adaptive NK Cells Rapidly Expand during Acute HIV Infection and Persist Despite Early Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1553-1563. [PMID: 38558245 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
HIV is associated with NK cell dysfunction and expansion of adaptive-like NK cells that persist despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated the timing of NK cell perturbations during acute HIV infection and the impact of early ART initiation. PBMCs and plasma were obtained from people with HIV (PWH; all men who have sex with men; median age, 26.0 y) diagnosed during Fiebig stages I, II, III, or IV/V. Participants initiated ART a median of 3 d after diagnosis, and immunophenotyping was performed at diagnosis and longitudinally after ART. Anti-CMV Abs were assessed by ELISA. Samples from matched HIV-uninfected males were also analyzed. Proportions of adaptive NK cells (A-NKs; defined as Fcε-Receptor-1γ-) were expanded at HIV diagnosis at all Fiebig stages (pooled median 66% versus 25% for controls; p < 0.001) and were not altered by early ART initiation. Abs to CMV immediate early protein were elevated in PWH diagnosed in Fiebig stages III and IV/V (p < 0.03 for both). Proportions of A-NKs defined as either Fcε-Receptor-1γ- or NKG2C+/CD57+ were significantly associated with HIV DNA levels at diagnosis (p = 0.046 and 0.029, respectively) and trended toward an association after 48 wk of ART. Proportions of activated HLA-DR+/CD38+ NK cells remained elevated in PWH despite early ART initiation. NK cell activation and A-NK expansion occur very early after HIV transmission, before T cell activation, and are not altered by ART initiation during acute infection. A-NKs may contribute to HIV control and thus be useful for HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Hearps
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Paul A Agius
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phuongnhi Ha
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Silvia Lee
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Patricia Price
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hans Kek
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Siriwat Akapirat
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Carlo Sacdalan
- SEARCH Research Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Denise Hsu
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD
| | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD
| | - Alexandra Schuetz
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD
| | - Anthony Jaworowski
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Anderko RR, DePuyt AE, Bronson R, Bullotta AC, Aga E, Bosch RJ, Jones RB, Eron JJ, Mellors JW, Gandhi RT, McMahon DK, Macatangay BJ, Rinaldo CR, Mailliard RB. Persistence of a Skewed Repertoire of NK Cells in People with HIV-1 on Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1564-1578. [PMID: 38551350 PMCID: PMC11073922 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection greatly alters the NK cell phenotypic and functional repertoire. This is highlighted by the expansion of a rare population of FcRγ- NK cells exhibiting characteristics of traditional immunologic memory in people with HIV (PWH). Although current antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively controls HIV-1 viremia and disease progression, its impact on HIV-1-associated NK cell abnormalities remains unclear. To address this, we performed a longitudinal analysis detailing conventional and memory-like NK cell characteristics in n = 60 PWH during the first 4 y of ART. Throughout this regimen, a skewed repertoire of cytokine unresponsive FcRγ- memory-like NK cells persisted and accompanied an overall increase in NK surface expression of CD57 and KLRG1, suggestive of progression toward immune senescence. These traits were linked to elevated serum inflammatory biomarkers and increasing Ab titers to human CMV, with human CMV viremia detected in approximately one-third of PWH at years 1-4 of ART. Interestingly, 40% of PWH displayed atypical NK cell subsets, representing intermediate stages of NK-poiesis based on single-cell multiomic trajectory analysis. Our findings indicate that NK cell irregularities persist in PWH despite long-term ART, underscoring the need to better understand the causative mechanisms that prevent full restoration of immune health in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee R. Anderko
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Allison E. DePuyt
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rhianna Bronson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arlene C. Bullotta
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Evgenia Aga
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald J. Bosch
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R. Brad Jones
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph J. Eron
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - John W. Mellors
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rajesh T. Gandhi
- Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah K. McMahon
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bernard J. Macatangay
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Charles R. Rinaldo
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robbie B. Mailliard
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Pighi C, Rotili A, De Luca M, Chiurchiù S, Calò Carducci FI, Rossetti C, Cifaldi L, Bei R, Caforio L, Bernardi S, Palma P, Amodio D. Characterization of Natural Killer Cell Profile in a Cohort of Infected Pregnant Women and Their Babies and Its Relation to CMV Transmission. Viruses 2024; 16:780. [PMID: 38793661 PMCID: PMC11125694 DOI: 10.3390/v16050780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpesvirus causing lifelong latent infection in most people and is a primary cause of congenital infection worldwide. Given the role of NK cells in the materno-fetal barrier, we investigated peripheral blood NK cell behavior in the context of CMV infection acquired during pregnancy. We analyzed the NK phenotype and CD107a surface mobilization on PBMCs from CMV-transmitting and non-transmitting mothers and newborns with or without congenital infection. NK cells from non-transmitting mothers showed the typical phenotype of CMV-adaptive NK cells, characterized by higher levels of NKG2C, CD57, and KIRs, with reduced NKG2A, compared to transmitting ones. A significantly higher percentage of DNAM-1+, PD-1+, and KIR+NKG2A-CD57+PD-1+ CD56dim cells was found in the non-transmitting group. Accordingly, NK cells from congenital-CMV (cCMV)-infected newborns expressed higher levels of NKG2C and CD57, with reduced NKG2A, compared to non-congenital ones. Furthermore, they showed a significant expansion of CD56dim cells co-expressing NKG2C and CD57 or with a memory-like (KIR+NKG2A-CD57+NKG2C+) phenotype, as well as a significant reduction of the CD57-NKG2C- population. Degranulation assays showed a slightly higher CD107a geomean ratio in NK cells of mothers who were non-transmitting compared to those transmitting the virus. Our findings demonstrate that both CMV-transmitting mothers and cCMV newborns show a specific NK profile. These data can guide studies on predicting virus transmission from mothers and congenital infection in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pighi
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.R.); (C.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Arianna Rotili
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.R.); (C.R.); (P.P.)
- PhD Program in “Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnologies”, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maia De Luca
- Infectious Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (S.C.); (F.I.C.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Sara Chiurchiù
- Infectious Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (S.C.); (F.I.C.C.); (S.B.)
| | | | - Chiara Rossetti
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.R.); (C.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Loredana Cifaldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Leonardo Caforio
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefania Bernardi
- Infectious Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (S.C.); (F.I.C.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Paolo Palma
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.R.); (C.R.); (P.P.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Amodio
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.R.); (C.R.); (P.P.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
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5
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Mele D, Ottolini S, Lombardi A, Conteianni D, Bandera A, Oliviero B, Mantovani S, Cassaniti I, Baldanti F, Gori A, Mondelli MU, Varchetta S. Long-term dynamics of natural killer cells in response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: Persistently enhanced activity postvaccination. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29585. [PMID: 38566585 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells play a significant role in the early defense against virus infections and cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of NK cells in both the induction and effector phases of vaccine-induced immunity in various contexts. However, their role in shaping immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination remains poorly understood. To address this matter, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of NK cell phenotype and function in SARS-CoV-2 unexposed individuals who received the BNT162b2 vaccine. We employed a longitudinal study design and utilized a panel of 53 15-mer overlapping peptides covering the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein to assess NK cell function at 0 and 20 days following the first vaccine, and 30 and 240 days following booster. Additionally, we evaluated the levels of total IgG anti-Spike antibodies and their potential neutralizing ability. Our findings revealed an increased NK cell activity upon re-exposure to RBD when combined with IL12 and IL18 several months after booster. Concurrently, we observed that the frequencies of NKG2A + NK cells declined over the course of the follow-up period, while NKG2C increased only in CMV positive subjects. The finding that NK cell functions are inducible 9 months after vaccination upon re-exposure to RBD and cytokines, sheds light on the role of NK cells in contributing to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immune protection and pave the way to further studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Mele
- Division of Clinical Immunology - Infectious Diseases, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Ottolini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Lombardi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Conteianni
- Division of Clinical Immunology - Infectious Diseases, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bandera
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara Oliviero
- Division of Clinical Immunology - Infectious Diseases, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Mantovani
- Division of Clinical Immunology - Infectious Diseases, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Irene Cassaniti
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Molecular Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Molecular Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, L. Sacco Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario U Mondelli
- Division of Clinical Immunology - Infectious Diseases, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Varchetta
- Division of Clinical Immunology - Infectious Diseases, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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6
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Diwanji N, Getts D, Wang Y. Chimeric Antigen Cytotoxic Receptors for In Vivo Engineering of Tumor-Targeting NK Cells. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:97-105. [PMID: 38240638 PMCID: PMC10835668 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric Ag receptor (CAR) NK cells are challenging to manufacture and fail to achieve consistent tumor infiltration and sustained cytolytic function in the tumor microenvironment. In vivo engineering of NK cells using mRNA-based CAR delivery may overcome these issues. In this study, we developed an in vivo programming method by designing CARs that leverage the biology of NK cell receptors for cell type-specific expression and function. These CARs were engineered by fusion of a tumor recognition domain with the natural cytotoxic receptor family including NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46. Our results demonstrated that these natural cytotoxic receptor-based CARs can engage endogenous signaling adaptors to effectively activate human NK cells for tumor lysis and cytokine production. Specifically, we discovered that stable expression of an NKp44-based CAR was contingent on the presence of the immune cell-specific signaling adaptor DAP12. This innovative strategy facilitates direct in situ programming of NK cells, enhancing safety and minimizing off-target effects in nontargeted, healthy tissues.
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7
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Gao F, Mora MC, Constantinides M, Coenon L, Multrier C, Vaillant L, Zhang T, Villalba M. g-NK cells from umbilical cord blood are phenotypically and functionally different than g-NK cells from peripheral blood. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2283353. [PMID: 38126036 PMCID: PMC10732642 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2283353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
FcRγ-deficient natural killer (NK) cells, designated as g-NK cells, exhibit enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) capacity and increased IFN-γ and TNF-α production, rendering them promising for antiviral and antitumor responses. g-NK cells from peripheral blood (PB) are often associated with prior human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. However, the prevalence, phenotype, and function of g-NK cells in umbilical cord blood (UCB-g-NK) remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate significant phenotypical differences between UCB-g-NK and PB-g-NK cells. Unlike PB-g-NK cells, UCB-g-NK cells did not show heightened cytokine production upon CD16 engagement, in contrast to the conventional NK (c-NK) cell counterparts. Interestingly, following in vitro activation, UCB-g-NK cells also exhibited elevated levels of IFN-γ production, particularly when co-cultured with HCMV and plasma from g-NK+ adults. Furthermore, g-NK+ plasma from PB even facilitated the in vitro expansion of UCB-g-NK cells. These findings underscore the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of g-NK cells based on their origin and demonstrate that components within g-NK+ plasma may directly contribute to the acquisition of an adult phenotype by the "immature" UCB-g-NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- IRMB, INSERM, CHRU de Montpellier, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Loïs Coenon
- IRMB, INSERM, CHRU de Montpellier, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Multrier
- IRMB, INSERM, CHRU de Montpellier, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Loïc Vaillant
- IRMB, INSERM, CHRU de Montpellier, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Tianxiang Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Martin Villalba
- IRMB, INSERM, CHRU de Montpellier, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut du Cancer Avignon-Provence Sainte Catherine, Avignon, France
- IRMB, INSERM, CHRU de Montpellier, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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8
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Lee D, Dunn ZS, Guo W, Rosenthal CJ, Penn NE, Yu Y, Zhou K, Li Z, Ma F, Li M, Song TC, Cen X, Li YR, Zhou JJ, Pellegrini M, Wang P, Yang L. Unlocking the potential of allogeneic Vδ2 T cells for ovarian cancer therapy through CD16 biomarker selection and CAR/IL-15 engineering. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6942. [PMID: 37938576 PMCID: PMC10632431 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 (Vδ2) T cells have emerged as attractive candidates for developing cancer therapy due to their established safety in allogeneic contexts and inherent tumor-fighting capabilities. Nonetheless, the limited clinical success of Vδ2 T cell-based treatments may be attributed to donor variability, short-lived persistence, and tumor immune evasion. To address these constraints, we engineer Vδ2 T cells with enhanced attributes. By employing CD16 as a donor selection biomarker, we harness Vδ2 T cells characterized by heightened cytotoxicity and potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) functionality. RNA sequencing analysis supports the augmented effector potential of Vδ2 T cells derived from CD16 high (CD16Hi) donors. Substantial enhancements are further achieved through CAR and IL-15 engineering methodologies. Preclinical investigations in two ovarian cancer models substantiate the effectiveness and safety of engineered CD16Hi Vδ2 T cells. These cells target tumors through multiple mechanisms, exhibit sustained in vivo persistence, and do not elicit graft-versus-host disease. These findings underscore the promise of engineered CD16Hi Vδ2 T cells as a viable therapeutic option for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Spencer Dunn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carl J Rosenthal
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalie E Penn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yanqi Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kuangyi Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tsun-Ching Song
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xinjian Cen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jin J Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pin Wang
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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9
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Alrubayyi A, Touizer E, Hameiri-Bowen D, Charlton B, Gea-Mallorquí E, Hussain N, da Costa KAS, Ford R, Rees-Spear C, Fox TA, Williams I, Waters L, Barber TJ, Burns F, Kinloch S, Morris E, Rowland-Jones S, McCoy LE, Peppa D. Natural killer cell responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in people living with HIV-1. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18994. [PMID: 37923825 PMCID: PMC10624865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell subsets with adaptive properties are emerging as regulators of vaccine-induced T and B cell responses and are specialized towards antibody-dependent functions contributing to SARS-CoV-2 control. Although HIV-1 infection is known to affect the NK cell pool, the additional impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination on NK cell responses in people living with HIV (PLWH) has remained unexplored. Our data show that SARS-CoV-2 infection skews NK cells towards a more differentiated/adaptive CD57+FcεRIγ- phenotype in PLWH. A similar subset was induced following vaccination in SARS-CoV-2 naïve PLWH in addition to a CD56bright population with cytotoxic potential. Antibody-dependent NK cell function showed robust and durable responses to Spike up to 148 days post-infection, with responses enriched in adaptive NK cells. NK cell responses were further boosted by the first vaccine dose in SARS-CoV-2 exposed individuals and peaked after the second dose in SARS-CoV-2 naïve PLWH. The presence of adaptive NK cells associated with the magnitude of cellular and humoral responses. These data suggest that features of adaptive NK cells can be effectively engaged to complement and boost vaccine-induced adaptive immunity in potentially more vulnerable groups such as PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljawharah Alrubayyi
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emma Touizer
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Bethany Charlton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Noshin Hussain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kelly A S da Costa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rosemarie Ford
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chloe Rees-Spear
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Fox
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Williams
- Department of HIV, Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Laura Waters
- Department of HIV, Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Tristan J Barber
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- The Ian Charleson Day Centre, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Fiona Burns
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- The Ian Charleson Day Centre, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sabine Kinloch
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
- The Ian Charleson Day Centre, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Emma Morris
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Laura E McCoy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dimitra Peppa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of HIV, Mortimer Market Centre, Central and North West London NHS Trust, London, UK.
- The Ian Charleson Day Centre, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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10
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van der Ploeg K, Sottile R, Kontopoulos T, Shaffer BC, Papanicolaou GA, Maloy MA, Cho C, Robinson KS, Perales MA, Le Luduec JB, Hsu KC. Emergence of human CMV-induced NKG2C+ NK cells is associated with CD8+ T-cell recovery after allogeneic HCT. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5784-5798. [PMID: 37196646 PMCID: PMC10561005 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with the expansion of a mature NKG2C+FcεR1γ- natural killer (NK) cell population. The exact mechanism underlying the emergence of NKG2C+ NK cells, however, remains unknown. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) provides an opportunity to longitudinally study lymphocyte recovery in the setting of CMV reactivation, particularly in patients receiving T-cell-depleted (TCD) allografts. We analyzed peripheral blood lymphocytes from 119 patients at serial time points after infusion of their TCD allograft and compared immune recovery with that in samples obtained from recipients of T-cell-replete (T-replete) (n = 96) or double umbilical cord blood (DUCB) (n = 52) allografts. NKG2C+ NK cells were detected in 92% (45 of 49) of recipients of TCD HCT who experienced CMV reactivation. Although NKG2A+ cells were routinely identifiable early after HCT, NKG2C+ NK cells were identified only after T cells could be detected. T-cell reconstitution occurred at variable times after HCT among patients and predominantly comprised CD8+ T cells. In patients with CMV reactivation, recipients of TCD HCT expressed significantly higher frequencies of NKG2C+ and CD56neg NK cells compared with patients who received T-replete HCT or DUCB transplantation. NKG2C+ NK cells after TCD HCT were CD57+FcεR1γ+ and degranulated significantly more in response to target cells compared with the adaptive the NKG2C+CD57+FcεR1γ- NK cell population. We conclude that the presence of circulating T cells is associated with the expansion of a CMV-induced NKG2C+ NK cell population, a potentially novel example of developmental cooperation between lymphocyte populations in response to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kattria van der Ploeg
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Rosa Sottile
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Theodota Kontopoulos
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Brian C. Shaffer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Genovefa A. Papanicolaou
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Molly A. Maloy
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Christina Cho
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Kevin S. Robinson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Adult BMT Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Jean-Benoît Le Luduec
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Katharine C. Hsu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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11
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Sanchez MB, Vasconcelos Cordoba B, Pavlovsky C, Moiraghi B, Varela A, Custidiano R, Fernandez I, Freitas MJ, Ventriglia MV, Bendek G, Mariano R, Mela Osorio MJ, Pavlovsky MA, García de Labanca A, Foncuberta C, Giere I, Vera M, Juni M, Mordoh J, Sanchez Avalos JC, Levy EM, Bianchini M. In-depth characterization of NK cell markers from CML patients who discontinued tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241600. [PMID: 37818372 PMCID: PMC10561287 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Treatment-free remission (TFR) in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase is considered a safe option if suitable molecular monitoring is available. However, the question arises as to which factors can contribute to the maintenance of TFR, and immunologic surveillance of the remaining leukemic cells is believed to be one of them. Argentina Stop Trial is an open-label, single-arm, multicenter trial assessing TFR after tyrosine kinase inhibitors interruption, that after more than 4 years showed a successful TFR rate of 63%. Methods In this context, we set up an immunological study by flow cytometry in order to analyze specific NK cell subsets from peripheral blood patient samples both at the time of discontinuation as well as during the subsequent months. Results At the time of discontinuation, patients show a mature NK cell phenotype, probably associated to TKI treatment. However, 3 months after discontinuation, significant changes in several NK cell receptors occurred. Patients with a higher proportion of CD56dim NK and PD-1+ NK cells showed better chances of survival. More interestingly, non-relapsing patients also presented a subpopulation of NK cells with features associated with the expansion after cytomegalovirus infection (expression of CD57+NKG2C+), and higher proportion of NKp30 and NKp46 natural cytotoxicity receptors, which resulted in greater degranulation and associated with better survival (p<0.0001). Discussion This NK cell subset could have a protective role in patients who do not relapse, thus further characterization could be useful for patients in sustained deep molecular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Sanchez
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Fundación Cáncer (CIO-FUCA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bianca Vasconcelos Cordoba
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Fundación Cáncer (CIO-FUCA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Pavlovsky
- Hematology Department, Fundación para combatir la leucemia (FUNDALEU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Moiraghi
- Hematology Department, Hospital José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Varela
- Hematology Department, Hospital José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosario Custidiano
- Hematology Department, Instituto Alexander Fleming, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isolda Fernandez
- Hematology Department, Fundación para combatir la leucemia (FUNDALEU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Georgina Bendek
- Hematology Department, Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Mariano
- Hematology Department, Hospital San Martín, Paraná, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - María José Mela Osorio
- Hematology Department, Fundación para combatir la leucemia (FUNDALEU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miguel Arturo Pavlovsky
- Hematology Department, Fundación para combatir la leucemia (FUNDALEU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Cecilia Foncuberta
- Hematology Department, Instituto Alexander Fleming, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabel Giere
- Hematology Department, Fundación para combatir la leucemia (FUNDALEU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Masiel Vera
- Hematology Department, Instituto Alexander Fleming, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Juni
- Hematology Department, Fundación para combatir la leucemia (FUNDALEU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Mordoh
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Fundación Cáncer (CIO-FUCA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Estrella Mariel Levy
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Fundación Cáncer (CIO-FUCA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michele Bianchini
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Fundación Cáncer (CIO-FUCA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Lee J, Chang WLW, Scott JM, Hong S, Lee T, Deere JD, Park PH, Sparger EE, Dandekar S, Hartigan-O'Connor DJ, Barry PA, Kim S. FcRγ- NK Cell Induction by Specific Cytomegalovirus and Expansion by Subclinical Viral Infections in Rhesus Macaques. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:443-452. [PMID: 37314415 PMCID: PMC10932550 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
"Adaptive" NK cells, characterized by FcRγ deficiency and enhanced responsiveness to Ab-bound, virus-infected cells, have been found in certain hCMV-seropositive individuals. Because humans are exposed to numerous microbes and environmental agents, specific relationships between hCMV and FcRγ-deficient NK cells (also known as g-NK cells) have been challenging to define. Here, we show that a subgroup of rhesus CMV (RhCMV)-seropositive macaques possesses FcRγ-deficient NK cells that stably persist and display a phenotype resembling human FcRγ-deficient NK cells. Moreover, these macaque NK cells resembled human FcRγ-deficient NK cells with respect to functional characteristics, including enhanced responsiveness to RhCMV-infected target in an Ab-dependent manner and hyporesponsiveness to tumor and cytokine stimulation. These cells were not detected in specific pathogen-free (SPF) macaques free of RhCMV and six other viruses; however, experimental infection of SPF animals with RhCMV strain UCD59, but not RhCMV strain 68-1 or SIV, led to induction of FcRγ-deficient NK cells. In non-SPF macaques, coinfection by RhCMV with other common viruses was associated with higher frequencies of FcRγ-deficient NK cells. These results support a causal role for specific CMV strain(s) in the induction of FcRγ-deficient NK cells and suggest that coinfection by other viruses further expands this memory-like NK cell pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Lee
- Graduate Group of Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - W L William Chang
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA
| | - Jeannine M Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Suyeon Hong
- Immunobiology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Taehyung Lee
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Jesse D Deere
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Peter H Park
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Ellen E Sparger
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Satya Dandekar
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Dennis J Hartigan-O'Connor
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Peter A Barry
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Graduate Group of Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
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13
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Bordignon MB, Pesce Viglietti AI, Juliá EP, Sanchez MB, Rölle A, Mandó P, Sabatini L, Ostinelli A, Rizzo MM, Barrio MM, Mordoh J, Fainboim L, Levy EM. Phenotypic and functional analysis in HER2+ targeted therapy of human NK cell subpopulation according to the expression of FcεRIγ and NKG2C in breast cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:2687-2700. [PMID: 37081323 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive NK cells constitute an NK cell subpopulation, which expands after human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. This subpopulation has stronger production of cytokines after CD16 stimulation, longer life and persistence than conventional NK cells and are, therefore, interesting tools for cancer immunotherapy. Since there is limited information on adaptive NK cells in cancer patients, we described this population phenotypically and functionally, by flow cytometry, in the context of HER2 + breast cancer (BC) directed therapy. We assessed HCMV status in 78 patients with BC. We found that, similarly to healthy donors (HD), a high proportion of BC patients were HCMV-positive, and nearly 72% of them had an adaptive NK cell subpopulation characterized by the loss of FcεRIγ intracellular adaptor protein or the presence of NKG2C receptor. However, in BC patients, FcεRIγ- and NKG2C + NK cell populations overlapped to a lesser extent than in HD. Otherwise, no profound phenotypic differences were found between BC patients and HD. Although FcεRIγ- or NKG2C + NK cell subsets from BC patients produced more IFN-γ than their FcεRIγ + or NKG2C- NK cell counterparts, IFN-γ production increased only when NK cells simultaneously expressed FcεRIγ- and NKG2C + , whereas in HD the presence of NKG2C marker was sufficient to display greater functionality. Furthermore, in a group of patients treated with chemotherapy and Trastuzumab plus Pertuzumab, FcεRIγ-NKG2C + and FcεRIγ-NKG2C- NK cells retained greater functionality after treatment than FcεRIγ + NKG2C- NK cells. These results suggest that the presence or magnitude of adaptive NK cell subsets might serve as a key determinant for therapeutic approaches based on antibodies directed against tumor antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- María B Bordignon
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ayelén I Pesce Viglietti
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estefanía P Juliá
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B Sanchez
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Pablo Mandó
- Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno" (CEMIC), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Sabatini
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alexis Ostinelli
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manglio M Rizzo
- Cancer Immunobiology, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad Austral, Derqui, Pilar, Argentina
| | - María M Barrio
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Mordoh
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas. Fundación Instituto Leloir, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Fainboim
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenética, INIGEM, CONICET-UBA, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estrella M Levy
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas - Fundación Cáncer FUCA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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14
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Kim J, Phan MTT, Hwang I, Park J, Cho D. Comparison of the different anti-CD16 antibody clones in the activation and expansion of peripheral blood NK cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9493. [PMID: 37302991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36200-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are promising tool for cancer treatment. Methods have been developed for large-scale NK cell expansion, including feeder cell-based methods or methods involving stimulation with NK cell activating signals, such as anti-CD16 antibodies. Different clones of anti-CD16 antibodies are available; however, a comprehensive comparison of their differential effects on inducing NK cell activation and expansion has not been conducted among these various clones under the same experimental conditions. Herein, we found that the NK cell expansion rate differed depending on the various anti-CD16 antibodies (CB16, 3G8, B73.1, and MEM-154) coated on microbeads when stimulated with genetically engineered feeder cells, K562‑membrane-bound IL‑18, and mbIL‑21 (K562‑mbIL‑18/-21). Only the CB16 clone combination caused enhanced NK cell expansion over K562‑mbIL‑18/-21 stimulation alone with similar NK cell functionality. Treatment with the CB16 clone once on the initial day of NK cell expansion was sufficient to maximize the combination effect. Overall, we developed a more enhanced NK expansion system by merging a feeder to effectively stimulate CD16 with the CB16 clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minh-Trang Thi Phan
- Falcuty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Jeehun Park
- Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute (CGTI), Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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15
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Lauruschkat CD, Muchsin I, Rein A, Erhard F, Grathwohl D, Dölken L, Köchel C, Falk CS, Einsele H, Wurster S, Grigoleit GU, Kraus S. CD4+ T cells are the major predictor of HCMV control in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients on letermovir prophylaxis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1148841. [PMID: 37234158 PMCID: PMC10206124 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloSCT) recipients. Recently, antiviral letermovir prophylaxis during the first 100 days after alloSCT replaced PCR-guided preemptive therapy as the primary standard of care for HCMV reactivations. Here, we compared NK-cell and T-cell reconstitution in alloSCT recipients receiving preemptive therapy or letermovir prophylaxis in order to identify potential biomarkers predicting prolonged and symptomatic HCMV reactivation. Methods To that end, the NK-cell and T-cell repertoire of alloSCT recipients managed with preemptive therapy (n=32) or letermovir prophylaxis (n=24) was characterized by flow cytometry on days +30, +60, +90 and +120 after alloSCT. Additionally, background-corrected HCMV-specific T-helper (CD4+IFNγ+) and cytotoxic (CD8+IFNγ+CD107a+) T cells were quantified after pp65 stimulation. Results Compared to preemptive therapy, letermovir prophylaxis prevented HCMV reactivation and decreased HCMV peak viral loads until days +120 and +365. Letermovir prophylaxis resulted in decreased T-cell numbers but increased NK-cell numbers. Interestingly, despite the inhibition of HCMV, we found high numbers of "memory-like" (CD56dimFcεRIγ- and/or CD159c+) NK cells and an expansion of HCMV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in letermovir recipients. We further compared immunological readouts in patients on letermovir prophylaxis with non/short-term HCMV reactivation (NSTR) and prolonged/symptomatic HCMV reactivation (long-term HCMV reactivation, LTR). Median HCMV-specific CD4+ T-cell frequencies were significantly higher in NSTR patients (day +60, 0.35 % vs. 0.00 % CD4+IFNγ+/CD4+ cells, p=0.018) than in patients with LTR, whereas patients with LTR had significantly higher median regulatory T-cell (Treg) frequencies (day +90, 2.2 % vs. 6.2 % CD4+CD25+CD127dim/CD4+ cells, p=0.019). ROC analysis confirmed low HCMV specific CD4+ (AUC on day +60: 0.813, p=0.019) and high Treg frequencies (AUC on day +90: 0.847, p=0.021) as significant predictors of prolonged and symptomatic HCMV reactivation. Discussion Taken together, letermovir prophylaxis delays HCMV reactivation and alters NK- and T-cell reconstitution. High numbers of HCMV-specific CD4+ T cells and low numbers of Tregs seem to be pivotal to suppress post-alloSCT HCMV reactivation during letermovir prophylaxis. Administration of more advanced immunoassays that include Treg signature cytokines might contribute to the identification of patients at high-risk for long-term and symptomatic HCMV reactivation who might benefit from prolonged administration of letermovir.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ihsan Muchsin
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Alice Rein
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Erhard
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Denise Grathwohl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lars Dölken
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Köchel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christine Susanne Falk
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hanover, Germany
- TTU-IICH, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
- BREATH Site, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wurster
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Götz Ulrich Grigoleit
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Helios Hospital Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Kraus
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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16
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Dahlvang JD, Dick JK, Sangala JA, Kennedy PR, Pomeroy EJ, Snyder KM, Moushon JM, Thefaine CE, Wu J, Hamilton SE, Felices M, Miller JS, Walcheck B, Webber BR, Moriarity BS, Hart GT. Ablation of SYK Kinase from Expanded Primary Human NK Cells via CRISPR/Cas9 Enhances Cytotoxicity and Cytokine Production. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1108-1122. [PMID: 36881874 PMCID: PMC10073313 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
CMV infection alters NK cell phenotype and function toward a more memory-like immune state. These cells, termed adaptive NK cells, typically express CD57 and NKG2C but lack expression of the FcRγ-chain (gene: FCER1G, FcRγ), PLZF, and SYK. Functionally, adaptive NK cells display enhanced Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and cytokine production. However, the mechanism behind this enhanced function is unknown. To understand what drives enhanced ADCC and cytokine production in adaptive NK cells, we optimized a CRISPR/Cas9 system to ablate genes from primary human NK cells. We ablated genes that encode molecules in the ADCC pathway, such as FcRγ, CD3ζ, SYK, SHP-1, ZAP70, and the transcription factor PLZF, and tested subsequent ADCC and cytokine production. We found that ablating the FcRγ-chain caused a modest increase in TNF-α production. Ablation of PLZF did not enhance ADCC or cytokine production. Importantly, SYK kinase ablation significantly enhanced cytotoxicity, cytokine production, and target cell conjugation, whereas ZAP70 kinase ablation diminished function. Ablating the phosphatase SHP-1 enhanced cytotoxicity but reduced cytokine production. These results indicate that the enhanced cytotoxicity and cytokine production of CMV-induced adaptive NK cells is more likely due to the loss of SYK than the lack of FcRγ or PLZF. We found the lack of SYK expression could improve target cell conjugation through enhanced CD2 expression or limit SHP-1-mediated inhibition of CD16A signaling, leading to enhanced cytotoxicity and cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Dahlvang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jenna K. Dick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jules A. Sangala
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Philippa R. Kennedy
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Emily J. Pomeroy
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kristin M. Snyder
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Juliette M. Moushon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Claire E. Thefaine
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jianming Wu
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Sara E. Hamilton
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Martin Felices
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Miller
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bruce Walcheck
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Veterinary and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Beau R. Webber
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Branden S. Moriarity
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Geoffrey T. Hart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Lead contact
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17
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Control of human cytomegalovirus replication by liver resident natural killer cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1409. [PMID: 36918610 PMCID: PMC10014884 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37181-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells are considered to be important for control of human cytomegalovirus- a major pathogen in immune suppressed transplant patients. Viral infection promotes the development of an adaptive phenotype in circulating natural killer cells that changes their anti-viral function. In contrast, less is understood how natural killer cells that reside in tissue respond to viral infection. Here we show natural killer cells resident in the liver have an altered phenotype in cytomegalovirus infected individuals and display increased anti-viral activity against multiple viruses in vitro and identify and characterise a subset of natural killer cells responsible for control. Crucially, livers containing natural killer cells with better capacity to control cytomegalovirus replication in vitro are less likely to experience viraemia post-transplant. Taken together, these data suggest that virally induced expansion of tissue resident natural killer cells in the donor organ can reduce the chance of viraemia post-transplant.
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18
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Jaiswal SR, Saifullah A, Arunachalam J, Lakhchaura R, Tailor D, Mehta A, Bhagawati G, Aiyer H, Biswas S, Khamar B, Malhotra SV, Chakrabarti S. Augmenting Vaccine Efficacy against Delta Variant with 'Mycobacterium- w'-Mediated Modulation of NK-ADCC and TLR-MYD88 Pathways. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020328. [PMID: 36851206 PMCID: PMC9966412 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium-w (Mw) was shown to boost adaptive natural killer (ANK) cells and protect against COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. As a follow-up of the trial, 50 healthcare workers (HCW) who had received Mw in September 2020 and subsequently received at least one dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Mw + ChAdOx1 group) were monitored for symptomatic COVID-19 during a major outbreak with the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 (April-June 2021), along with 201 HCW receiving both doses of the vaccine without Mw (ChAdOx1 group). Despite 48% having received just a single dose of the vaccine in the Mw + ChAdOx1 group, only two had mild COVID-19, compared to 36 infections in the ChAdOx1 group (HR-0.46, p = 0.009). Transcriptomic studies revealed an enhanced adaptive NK cell-dependent ADCC in the Mw + ChAdOx1 group, along with downregulation of the TLR2-MYD88 pathway and concomitant attenuation of downstream inflammatory pathways. This might have resulted in robust protection during the pandemic with the delta variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Rani Jaiswal
- Cellular Therapy and Immunology, Manashi Chakrabarti Foundation, New Delhi 110096, India
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Narayana Super-Speciality Hospital, New Delhi 110096, India
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida 201313, India
| | - Ashraf Saifullah
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Narayana Super-Speciality Hospital, New Delhi 110096, India
| | - Jaganath Arunachalam
- Cellular Therapy and Immunology, Manashi Chakrabarti Foundation, New Delhi 110096, India
| | - Rohit Lakhchaura
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Narayana Super-Speciality Hospital, New Delhi 110096, India
| | - Dhanir Tailor
- Department of Cell, Development & Cancer Biology and Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Anupama Mehta
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Narayana Super-Speciality Hospital, New Delhi 110096, India
| | - Gitali Bhagawati
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Dharamshila Narayana Super-Speciality Hospital, New Delhi 110096, India
| | - Hemamalini Aiyer
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Dharamshila Narayana Super-Speciality Hospital, New Delhi 110096, India
| | - Subhrajit Biswas
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida 201313, India
| | - Bakulesh Khamar
- Research & Development, Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Ahmedabad 382225, India
| | - Sanjay V. Malhotra
- Department of Cell, Development & Cancer Biology and Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Suparno Chakrabarti
- Cellular Therapy and Immunology, Manashi Chakrabarti Foundation, New Delhi 110096, India
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Narayana Super-Speciality Hospital, New Delhi 110096, India
- Correspondence: or
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19
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Anderko RR, Mailliard RB. Mapping the interplay between NK cells and HIV: therapeutic implications. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:109-138. [PMID: 36822173 PMCID: PMC10043732 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although highly effective at durably suppressing plasma HIV-1 viremia, combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment regimens do not eradicate the virus, which persists in long-lived CD4+ T cells. This latent viral reservoir serves as a source of plasma viral rebound following treatment interruption, thus requiring lifelong adherence to ART. Additionally, challenges remain related not only to access to therapy but also to a higher prevalence of comorbidities with an inflammatory etiology in treated HIV-1+ individuals, underscoring the need to explore therapeutic alternatives that achieve sustained virologic remission in the absence of ART. Natural killer (NK) cells are uniquely positioned to positively impact antiviral immunity, in part due to the pleiotropic nature of their effector functions, including the acquisition of memory-like features, and, therefore, hold great promise for transforming HIV-1 therapeutic modalities. In addition to defining the ability of NK cells to contribute to HIV-1 control, this review provides a basic immunologic understanding of the impact of HIV-1 infection and ART on the phenotypic and functional character of NK cells. We further delineate the qualities of "memory" NK cell populations, as well as the impact of HCMV on their induction and subsequent expansion in HIV-1 infection. We conclude by highlighting promising avenues for optimizing NK cell responses to improve HIV-1 control and effect a functional cure, including blockade of inhibitory NK receptors, TLR agonists to promote latency reversal and NK cell activation, CAR NK cells, BiKEs/TriKEs, and the role of HIV-1-specific bNAbs in NK cell-mediated ADCC activity against HIV-1-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee R. Anderko
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Robbie B. Mailliard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
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20
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Ty M, Sun S, Callaway PC, Rek J, Press KD, van der Ploeg K, Nideffer J, Hu Z, Klemm S, Greenleaf W, Donato M, Tukwasibwe S, Arinaitwe E, Nankya F, Musinguzi K, Andrew D, de la Parte L, Mori DM, Lewis SN, Takahashi S, Rodriguez-Barraquer I, Greenhouse B, Blish C, Utz PJ, Khatri P, Dorsey G, Kamya M, Boyle M, Feeney M, Ssewanyana I, Jagannathan P. Malaria-driven expansion of adaptive-like functional CD56-negative NK cells correlates with clinical immunity to malaria. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadd9012. [PMID: 36696483 PMCID: PMC9976268 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add9012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells likely play an important role in immunity to malaria, but the effect of repeated malaria on NK cell responses remains unclear. Here, we comprehensively profiled the NK cell response in a cohort of 264 Ugandan children. Repeated malaria exposure was associated with expansion of an atypical, CD56neg population of NK cells that differed transcriptionally, epigenetically, and phenotypically from CD56dim NK cells, including decreased expression of PLZF and the Fc receptor γ-chain, increased histone methylation, and increased protein expression of LAG-3, KIR, and LILRB1. CD56neg NK cells were highly functional and displayed greater antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity than CD56dim NK cells. Higher frequencies of CD56neg NK cells were associated with protection against symptomatic malaria and high parasite densities. After marked reductions in malaria transmission, frequencies of these cells rapidly declined, suggesting that continuous exposure to Plasmodium falciparum is required to maintain this modified, adaptive-like NK cell subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Ty
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shenghuan Sun
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Perri C Callaway
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Rek
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Jason Nideffer
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zicheng Hu
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sandy Klemm
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Michele Donato
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Dean Andrew
- Queensland Institute for Medical Research, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Saki Takahashi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - P J Utz
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Grant Dorsey
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Moses Kamya
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Michelle Boyle
- Queensland Institute for Medical Research, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margaret Feeney
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Prasanna Jagannathan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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21
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The Frequency and Function of NKG2C +CD57 + Adaptive NK Cells in Cytomagalovirus Co-Infected People Living with HIV Decline with Duration of Antiretroviral Therapy. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020323. [PMID: 36851537 PMCID: PMC9959045 DOI: 10.3390/v15020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection drives the expansion and differentiation of natural killer (NK) cells with adaptive-like features. We investigated whether age and time on antiretroviral therapy (ART) influenced adaptive NK cell frequency and functionality. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the frequency of adaptive and conventional NK cells in 229 CMV+ individuals of whom 170 were people living with HIV (PLWH). The frequency of these NK cell populations producing CD107a, CCL4, IFN-γ or TNF-α was determined following a 6-h antibody dependent (AD) stimulation. Though ART duration and age were correlated, longer time on ART was associated with a reduced frequency of adaptive NK cells. In general, the frequency and functionality of NK cells following AD stimulation did not differ significantly between treated CMV+PLWH and CMV+HIV- persons, suggesting that HIV infection, per se, did not compromise AD NK cell function. AD activation of adaptive NK cells from CMV+PLWH induced lower frequencies of IFN-γ or TNF-α secreting cells in older persons, when compared with younger persons.
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22
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Jin X, Bi J. Prospects for NK-based immunotherapy of chronic HBV infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1084109. [PMID: 36591230 PMCID: PMC9797727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1084109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective and long-term treatment is required for controlling chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection. Natural killer (NK) cells are antiviral innate lymphocytes and represent an essential arm of current immunotherapy. In chronic HBV (CHB), NK cells display altered changes in phenotypes and functions, but preserve antiviral activity, especially for cytolytic activity. On the other hand, NK cells might also cause liver injury in the disease. NK -based immunotherapy, including adoptive NK cell therapy and NK -based checkpoint inhibition, could potentially exploit the antiviral aspect of NK cells for controlling CHB infection while preventing liver tissue damage. Here, we review recent progress in NK cell biology under the context of CHB infection, and discuss potential NK -based immunotherapy strategies for the disease.
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23
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Xiao J, Zhang T, Gao F, Zhou Z, Shu G, Zou Y, Yin G. Natural Killer Cells: A Promising Kit in the Adoptive Cell Therapy Toolbox. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225657. [PMID: 36428748 PMCID: PMC9688567 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important component of the innate immune system, natural killer (NK) cells have gained increasing attention in adoptive cell therapy for their safety and efficacious tumor-killing effect. Unlike T cells which rely on the interaction between TCRs and specific peptide-MHC complexes, NK cells are more prone to be served as "off-the-shelf" cell therapy products due to their rapid recognition and killing of tumor cells without MHC restriction. In recent years, constantly emerging sources of therapeutic NK cells have provided flexible options for cancer immunotherapy. Advanced genetic engineering techniques, especially chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modification, have yielded exciting effectiveness in enhancing NK cell specificity and cytotoxicity, improving in vivo persistence, and overcoming immunosuppressive factors derived from tumors. In this review, we highlight current advances in NK-based adoptive cell therapy, including alternative sources of NK cells for adoptive infusion, various CAR modifications that confer different targeting specificity to NK cells, multiple genetic engineering strategies to enhance NK cell function, as well as the latest clinical research on adoptive NK cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Xiao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Guang Shu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yizhou Zou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (G.Y.)
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (G.Y.)
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24
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Alrubayyi A, Rowland-Jones S, Peppa D. Natural killer cells during acute HIV-1 infection: clues for HIV-1 prevention and therapy. AIDS 2022; 36:1903-1915. [PMID: 35851334 PMCID: PMC9612724 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite progress in preexposure prophylaxis, the number of newly diagnosed cases with HIV-1 remains high, highlighting the urgent need for preventive and therapeutic strategies to reduce HIV-1 acquisition and limit disease progression. Early immunological events, occurring during acute infection, are key determinants of the outcome and course of disease. Understanding early immune responses occurring before viral set-point is established, is critical to identify potential targets for prophylactic and therapeutic approaches. Natural killer (NK) cells represent a key cellular component of innate immunity and contribute to the early host defence against HIV-1 infection, modulating the pathogenesis of acute HIV-1 infection (AHI). Emerging studies have identified tools for harnessing NK cell responses and expanding specialized NK subpopulations with adaptive/memory features, paving the way for development of novel HIV-1 therapeutics. This review highlights the knowns and unknowns regarding the role of NK cell subsets in the containment of acute HIV-1 infection, and summarizes recent advances in selectively augmenting NK cell functions through prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljawharah Alrubayyi
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London
| | | | - Dimitra Peppa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London
- Mortimer Market Centre, Department of HIV, CNWL NHS Trust, London, UK
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25
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Chong G, MacKerell AD. Spatial requirements for ITAM signaling in an intracellular natural killer cell model membrane. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130221. [PMID: 35933027 PMCID: PMC9420803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
FcγRIIIa-FcεRIγ complexes, upon stimulation by antibodies, cluster to initiate intracellular signaling and activate natural killer (NK) cells. Intracellular signaling involves Lck phosphorylation of ITAMs of each monomer of a FcεRIγ homodimer in a FcγRIIIa-FcεRIγ complex and subsequent binding of two phosphotyrosines (pY) in tandem by a Syk family kinase. However, how FcR clustering triggers ITAM signaling is not resolved. Molecular modeling and dynamics (MD) simulations are applied to generate ensembles of structures of the FcγRIIIa and FcεRIγ homodimeric cytoplasmic tails of FcγRIIIa-FcεRIγ complexes based on the transmembrane helices and cytoplasmic tails spaced 120, 80, and 50 Å apart to model different extents of clustering. Site-identification by ligand competitive saturation method with Monte Carlo sampling (SILCS-MC) is used to model how Lck could phosphorylate a diversity of ITAM conformations. At 80 Å separation between FcγRIIIa-FcεRIγ complexes, Lck can perform multiple phosphorylations on individual and multiple ITAMs across complexes, including potential sequential phosphorylation events. Syk may then potentially bind the two pYs within a single ITAM in tandem in isolated FcγRIIIa-FcεRIγ complexes, as observed in CD3ε and ζ chains of T cell receptors by the Syk family kinase ZAP-70. In addition, at 50 Å separation between complexes, unique to natural killer cells over T cells, Syk could potentially bind in tandem to pYs in different ITAMs across FcγRIIIa-FcεRIγ complexes. Thus, we predict that an ensemble of spatial orientations of the ITAMS of FcγRIIIa-FcεRIγ complexes that occur upon clustering lead to ITAM phosphorylation by Lck and subsequent Syk activity thereby facilitating downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene Chong
- Computer Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Alexander D MacKerell
- Computer Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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26
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Phan MTT, Kim J, Koh SK, Lim Y, Yu H, Lee M, Lee JM, Kang ES, Kim HY, Kim SK, Hwang I, Cho D. Selective Expansion of NKG2C+ Adaptive NK Cells Using K562 Cells Expressing HLA-E. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169426. [PMID: 36012691 PMCID: PMC9409060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive natural killer (NK) cells expressing self-specific inhibitory killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) can be expanded in vivo in response to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Developing a method to preferentially expand this subset is essential for effective targeting of allogeneic cancer cells. A previous study developed an in vitro method to generate single KIR+ NK cells for enhanced targeting of the primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells; however, the expansion rate was quite low. Here, we present an effective expansion method using genetically modified K562-HLA-E feeder cells for long-term proliferation of adaptive NK cells displaying highly differentiated phenotype and comparable cytotoxicity, CD107a, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. More importantly, our expansion method achieved more than a 10,000-fold expansion of adaptive NK cells after 6 weeks of culture, providing a high yield of alloreactive NK cells for cell therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Trang Thi Phan
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute (CGTI), Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Seung Kwon Koh
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Yuree Lim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hongbi Yu
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Mijeong Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Bio Research Center, Lugensci Co., Ltd., Bucheon 14556, Korea
| | - Eun-Suk Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Sang-Ki Kim
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Ilwoong Hwang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Gumi 39371, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.H.); (D.C.)
| | - Duck Cho
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute (CGTI), Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.H.); (D.C.)
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Coënon L, Villalba M. From CD16a Biology to Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Improvement. Front Immunol 2022; 13:913215. [PMID: 35720368 PMCID: PMC9203678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.913215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a potent cytotoxic mechanism that is mainly mediated in humans by natural killer (NK) cells. ADCC mediates the clinical benefit of several widely used cytolytic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and increasing its efficacy would improve cancer immunotherapy. CD16a is a receptor for the Fc portion of IgGs and is responsible to trigger NK cell-mediated ADCC. The knowledge of the mechanism of action of CD16a gave rise to several strategies to improve ADCC, by working on either the mAbs or the NK cell. In this review, we give an overview of CD16a biology and describe the latest strategies employed to improve antibody-dependent NK cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïs Coënon
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), Univ Montpellier, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
- Institut du Cancer Avignon-Provence Sainte Catherine, Avignon, France
- *Correspondence: Loïs Coënon,
| | - Martin Villalba
- Institut du Cancer Avignon-Provence Sainte Catherine, Avignon, France
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Univ Montpellier, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Jaiswal SR, Arunachalam J, Saifullah A, Lakhchaura R, Tailor D, Mehta A, Bhagawati G, Aiyer H, Khamar B, Malhotra SV, Chakrabarti S. Impact of an Immune Modulator Mycobacterium-w on Adaptive Natural Killer Cells and Protection Against COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:887230. [PMID: 35603154 PMCID: PMC9115578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of NKG2C+ adaptive natural killer (ANK) cells and NKG2A+inhibitory NK (iNK) cells with respect to the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection were studied for 6 months in a cohort of healthcare workers following the administration of the heat-killed Mycobacterium w (Mw group) in comparison to a control group. In both groups, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) correlated with lower NKG2C+ANK cells at baseline. There was a significant upregulation of NKG2C expression and IFN-γ release in the Mw group (p=0.0009), particularly in those with a lower baseline NKG2C expression, along with the downregulation of iNK cells (p<0.0001). This translated to a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in the Mw group (incidence risk ratio-0.15, p=0.0004). RNA-seq analysis at 6 months showed an upregulation of the ANK pathway genes and an enhanced ANK-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) signature. Thus, Mw was observed to have a salutary impact on the ANK cell profile and a long-term upregulation of ANK-ADCC pathways, which could have provided protection against COVID-19 in a non-immune high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Rani Jaiswal
- Cellular Therapy and Immunology, Manashi Chakrabarti Foundation, New Delhi, India
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Narayana Super-Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Jaganath Arunachalam
- Cellular Therapy and Immunology, Manashi Chakrabarti Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashraf Saifullah
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Narayana Super-Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Lakhchaura
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Narayana Super-Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Dhanir Tailor
- Department of Cell, Development & Cancer Biology and Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Anupama Mehta
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Narayana Super-Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Gitali Bhagawati
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Dharamshila Narayana Super-speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Hemamalini Aiyer
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Dharamshila Narayana Super-speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Bakulesh Khamar
- Research & Development, Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sanjay V. Malhotra
- Department of Cell, Development & Cancer Biology and Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Suparno Chakrabarti
- Cellular Therapy and Immunology, Manashi Chakrabarti Foundation, New Delhi, India
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Dharamshila Narayana Super-Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Maddineni S, Silberstein JL, Sunwoo JB. Emerging NK cell therapies for cancer and the promise of next generation engineering of iPSC-derived NK cells. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004693. [PMID: 35580928 PMCID: PMC9115029 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy is a rapidly advancing approach to cancer immunotherapy that seeks to facilitate antitumor responses by introducing potent effector cells into the tumor microenvironment. Expanded autologous T cells, particularly T cells with engineered T cell receptors (TCR) and chimeric antigen receptor-T cells have had success in various hematologic malignancies but have faced challenges when applied to solid tumors. As a result, other immune subpopulations may provide valuable and orthogonal options for treatment. Natural killer (NK) cells offer the possibility of significant tumor clearance and recruitment of additional immune subpopulations without the need for prior antigen presentation like in T or B cells that could require removal of endogenous antigen specificity mediated via the T cell receptor (TCR and/or the B ecll receptor (BCR). In recent years, NK cells have been demonstrated to be increasingly important players in the immune response against cancer. Here, we review multiple avenues for allogeneic NK cell therapy, including derivation of NK cells from peripheral blood or umbilical cord blood, the NK-92 immortalized cell line, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We also describe the potential of engineering iPSC-derived NK cells and the utility of this platform. Finally, we consider the benefits and drawbacks of each approach and discuss recent developments in the manufacturing and genetic or metabolic engineering of NK cells to have robust and prolonged antitumor responses in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainiteesh Maddineni
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - John L Silberstein
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - John B Sunwoo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
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30
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Sugawara S, Reeves RK, Jost S. Learning to Be Elite: Lessons From HIV-1 Controllers and Animal Models on Trained Innate Immunity and Virus Suppression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:858383. [PMID: 35572502 PMCID: PMC9094575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has drastically changed the lives of people living with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), long-term treatment has been associated with a vast array of comorbidities. Therefore, a cure for HIV-1 remains the best option to globally eradicate HIV-1/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, development of strategies to achieve complete eradication of HIV-1 has been extremely challenging. Thus, the control of HIV-1 replication by the host immune system, namely functional cure, has long been studied as an alternative approach for HIV-1 cure. HIV-1 elite controllers (ECs) are rare individuals who naturally maintain undetectable HIV-1 replication levels in the absence of ART and whose immune repertoire might be a desirable blueprint for a functional cure. While the role(s) played by distinct human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression and CD8+ T cell responses expressing cognate ligands in controlling HIV-1 has been widely characterized in ECs, the innate immune phenotype has been decidedly understudied. Comparably, in animal models such as HIV-1-infected humanized mice and simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-infected non-human primates (NHP), viremic control is known to be associated with specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles and CD8+ T cell activity, but the innate immune response remains incompletely characterized. Notably, recent work demonstrating the existence of trained innate immunity may provide new complementary approaches to achieve an HIV-1 cure. Herein, we review the known characteristics of innate immune responses in ECs and available animal models, identify gaps of knowledge regarding responses by adaptive or trained innate immune cells, and speculate on potential strategies to induce EC-like responses in HIV-1 non-controllers.
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31
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Gao F, Zhou Z, Lin Y, Shu G, Yin G, Zhang T. Biology and Clinical Relevance of HCMV-Associated Adaptive NK Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830396. [PMID: 35464486 PMCID: PMC9022632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are an important component of the innate immune system due to their strong ability to kill virally infected or transformed cells without prior exposure to the antigen (Ag). However, the biology of human NK (hNK) cells has largely remained elusive. Recent advances have characterized several novel hNK subsets. Among them, adaptive NK cells demonstrate an intriguing specialized antibody (Ab)-dependent response and several adaptive immune features. Most adaptive NK cells express a higher level of NKG2C but lack an intracellular signaling adaptor, FcϵRIγ (hereafter abbreviated as FcRγ). The specific expression pattern of these genes, with other signature genes, is the result of a specific epigenetic modification. The expansion of adaptive NK cells in vivo has been documented in various viral infections, while the frequency of adaptive NK cells among peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with improved prognosis of monoclonal Ab treatment against leukemia. This review summarizes the discovery and signature phenotype of adaptive NK cells. We also discuss the reported association between adaptive NK cells and pathological conditions. Finally, we briefly highlight the application of adaptive NK cells in adoptive cell therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhou
- Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guang Shu
- Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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32
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Potempa M, Aguilar OA, Gonzalez-Hinojosa MDR, Tenvooren I, Marquez DM, Spitzer MH, Lanier LL. Influence of Self-MHC Class I Recognition on the Dynamics of NK Cell Responses to Cytomegalovirus Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1742-1754. [PMID: 35321880 PMCID: PMC8976824 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although interactions between inhibitory Ly49 receptors and their self-MHC class I ligands in C57BL/6 mice are known to limit NK cell proliferation during mouse CMV (MCMV) infection, we created a 36-marker mass cytometry (CyTOF) panel to investigate how these inhibitory receptors impact the NK cell response to MCMV in other phenotypically measurable ways. More than two thirds of licensed NK cells (i.e., those expressing Ly49C, Ly49I, or both) in uninfected mice had already differentiated into NK cells with phenotypes indicative of Ag encounter (KLRG1+Ly6C-) or memory-like status (KLRG1+Ly6C+). These pre-existing KLRG1+Ly6C+ NK cells resembled known Ag-specific memory NK cell populations in being less responsive to IL-18 and IFN-α stimulation in vitro and by selecting for NK cell clones with elevated expression of a Ly49 receptor. During MCMV infection, the significant differences between licensed and unlicensed (Ly49C-Ly49I-) NK cells disappeared within both CMV-specific (Ly49H+) and nonspecific (Ly49H-) responses. This lack of heterogeneity carried into the memory phase, with only a difference in CD16 expression manifesting between licensed and unlicensed MCMV-specific memory NK cell populations. Our results suggest that restricting proliferation is the predominant effect licensing has on the NK cell population during MCMV infection, but the inhibitory Ly49-MHC interactions that take place ahead of infection contribute to their limited expansion by shrinking the pool of licensed NK cells capable of robustly responding to new challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Potempa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Oscar A Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA
| | - Maria D R Gonzalez-Hinojosa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA
| | - Iliana Tenvooren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
| | - Diana M Marquez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA;
- The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA
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Capuano C, Pighi C, Battella S, Pulcinelli F, Santoro C, Ferretti A, Turriziani O, De Federicis D, Fionda C, Sciumè G, Galandrini R, Palmieri G. (Auto)Antibody Responses Shape Memory NK Cell Pool Size and Composition. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030625. [PMID: 35327427 PMCID: PMC8945707 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo establishment and long-term persistence of a heterogeneous memory or an adaptive NK cell pool represents a functional adaptation to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in humans. Memory NK cells are commonly identified by lack of the FcεRIγ signalling chain, variably associated to the preferential but not completely overlapping expression of the HLA-E receptor NKG2C and CD57 maturation marker. Although characterized by selective hyperresponsiveness to IgG stimulation, the impact of the CD16/antibody interaction in regulating the establishment/maintenance and size, and in determining the relative abundance of this population, is still under investigation. Memory NK cell subset ex vivo profile and in vitro responsiveness to CD16 stimulation was evaluated in HCMV+ healthy donors and in patients affected by immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease. We identified the FcεRIγ− NKG2C+CD57+ memory NK cell subset, whose abundance is uniquely associated with anti-HCMV antibody levels in healthy seropositive donors, and which is significantly expanded in ITP patients. This fully mature memory subset robustly and selectively expands in vitro in response to mAb-opsonized targets or ITP-derived platelets and displays superior CD16-dependent IFNγ production. Our work identifies opsonizing antibodies as a host-dependent factor that shapes HCMV-driven memory NK cell compartment. We first demonstrate that chronic exposure to auto-antibodies contributes to the establishment/expansion of a highly specialized and unique memory NK cell subset with distinct CD16-dependent functional capabilities. We also identify the specific contribution of the lack of FcεRIγ chain in conferring to NKG2C+CD57+ memory cells a higher responsivity to CD16 engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (F.P.); (D.D.F.)
| | - Chiara Pighi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (F.P.); (D.D.F.)
| | - Simone Battella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (F.P.); (D.D.F.)
| | - Fabio Pulcinelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (F.P.); (D.D.F.)
| | - Cristina Santoro
- Hematology Division, Policlinico Umberto I, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Antonietta Ferretti
- Hematology Division, Policlinico Umberto I, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Ombretta Turriziani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (O.T.); (C.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Davide De Federicis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (F.P.); (D.D.F.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (O.T.); (C.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (O.T.); (C.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Sciumè
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (O.T.); (C.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Ricciarda Galandrini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (F.P.); (D.D.F.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (G.P.); Tel.: +39-06-4997-4084 (R.G.); +39-06-446-8448 (G.P.)
| | - Gabriella Palmieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (F.P.); (D.D.F.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (G.P.); Tel.: +39-06-4997-4084 (R.G.); +39-06-446-8448 (G.P.)
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Sun Y, Zhou J, Jiang Y. Negative Regulation and Protective Function of Natural Killer Cells in HIV Infection: Two Sides of a Coin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842831. [PMID: 35320945 PMCID: PMC8936085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play an important immunologic role, targeting tumors and virus-infected cells; however, NK cells do not impede the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In HIV infection, NK cells exhibit impaired functions and negatively regulate other immune cell responses, although NK cells can kill HIV-infected cells and thereby suppress HIV replication. Considerable recent research has emerged regarding NK cells in the areas of immune checkpoints, negative regulation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and HIV reservoirs during HIV infection; however, no overall summary of these factors is available. This review focuses on several important aspects of NK cells in relation to HIV infection, including changes in NK cell count, subpopulations, and immune checkpoints, as well as abnormalities in NK cell functions and NK cell negative regulation. The protective function of NK cells in inhibiting HIV replication to reduce the viral reservoir and approaches for enhancing NK cell functions are also summarized.
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Wu HT, Zhao XY. Regulation of CD38 on Multiple Myeloma and NK Cells by Monoclonal Antibodies. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:1974-1988. [PMID: 35342342 PMCID: PMC8935232 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.68148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD38 is highly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells and plays a role in regulating tumor generation and development. CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been used as an effective therapy for MM treatment by various mechanisms, including complement-dependent cytotoxic effects, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, programmed cell death, enzymatic modulation, and immunomodulation. Although CD38 mAbs inhibit the proliferation and survival of MM cells, there are substantial side effects on antitumoral NK cells. The NK-mediated immune response needs to be further evaluated to minimize the adverse effects of NK cell loss. The killing effect of CD38 mAbs on CD38high NK cells should be minimized and the potential combination of CD38low/- NK cells and CD38 mAbs should be maximized to better benefit from their therapeutic efficacy against MM. CD38 mAb effects against MM can be maximized by combination therapies with immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs), proteasome inhibitors (PIs), anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies, or cellular therapies for the treatment of MM, especially in patients with relapsed or refractory MM (R/R MM) and drug-resistant MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Tian Wu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No. 11 South Street of Xizhimen, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, No. 11 South Street of Xizhimen, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, China
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36
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Du Y, Hertoghs N, Duffy FJ, Carnes J, McDermott SM, Neal ML, Schwedhelm KV, McElrath MJ, De Rosa SC, Aitchison JD, Stuart KD. Systems analysis of immune responses to attenuated P. falciparum malaria sporozoite vaccination reveals excessive inflammatory signatures correlating with impaired immunity. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010282. [PMID: 35108339 PMCID: PMC8843222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS) can confer sterilizing protection against malaria, although the mechanisms behind this protection are incompletely understood. We performed a systems biology analysis of samples from the Immunization by Mosquito with Radiation Attenuated Sporozoites (IMRAS) trial, which comprised P. falciparum RAS-immunized (PfRAS), malaria-naive participants whose protection from malaria infection was subsequently assessed by controlled human malaria infection (CHMI). Blood samples collected after initial PfRAS immunization were analyzed to compare immune responses between protected and non-protected volunteers leveraging integrative analysis of whole blood RNA-seq, high parameter flow cytometry, and single cell CITEseq of PBMCs. This analysis revealed differences in early innate immune responses indicating divergent paths associated with protection. In particular, elevated levels of inflammatory responses early after the initial immunization were detrimental for the development of protective adaptive immunity. Specifically, non-classical monocytes and early type I interferon responses induced within 1 day of PfRAS vaccination correlated with impaired immunity. Non-protected individuals also showed an increase in Th2 polarized T cell responses whereas we observed a trend towards increased Th1 and T-bet+ CD8 T cell responses in protected individuals. Temporal differences in genes associated with natural killer cells suggest an important role in immune regulation by these cells. These findings give insight into the immune responses that confer protection against malaria and may guide further malaria vaccine development. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01994525. Malaria remains a serious global health problem, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths every year. An effective malaria vaccine would be an important tool to fight this disease. Previous work has shown that irradiated sporozoites, the form of the malaria parasite injected into humans by mosquitos, are not capable of progressing to a symptomatic blood stage malaria infection, and act as a protective vaccine against future malaria exposure. However the mechanisms that produce this protection are unknown. In this work, we studied individuals vaccinated with irradiated sporozoites before being exposed to live malaria parasites. Roughly half of these individual were protected against malaria. By analyzing blood samples taken at multiple points after the first vaccination using RNA sequencing and flow cytometry we identified immune responses that differed between protected and non-protected study participants. Notably, we observed a rapid increase in inflammation and interferon-associated genes in non-protected individual. We also observed protection-associated changes in T cell and NK cell associated pathways. Our study provides novel insights into immune responses associated with effective malaria vaccination, and can point the way to improved design of whole-sporozoite malaria vaccine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Du
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Nina Hertoghs
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Fergal J. Duffy
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jason Carnes
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Suzanne M. McDermott
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Maxwell L. Neal
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Katharine V. Schwedhelm
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John D. Aitchison
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kenneth D. Stuart
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lau CM, Wiedemann GM, Sun JC. Epigenetic regulation of natural killer cell memory. Immunol Rev 2022; 305:90-110. [PMID: 34908173 PMCID: PMC8955591 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunological memory is the underlying mechanism by which the immune system remembers previous encounters with pathogens to produce an enhanced secondary response upon re-encounter. It stands as the hallmark feature of the adaptive immune system and the cornerstone of vaccine development. Classic recall responses are executed by conventional T and B cells, which undergo somatic recombination and modify their receptor repertoire to ensure recognition of a vast number of antigens. However, recent evidence has challenged the dogma that memory responses are restricted to the adaptive immune system, which has prompted a reevaluation of what delineates "immune memory." Natural killer (NK) cells of the innate immune system have been at the forefront of these pushed boundaries, and have proved to be more "adaptable" than previously thought. Like T cells, we now appreciate that their "natural" abilities actually require a myriad of signals for optimal responses. In this review, we discuss the many signals required for effector and memory NK cell responses and the epigenetic mechanisms that ultimately endow their enhanced features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M. Lau
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gabriela M. Wiedemann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph C. Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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38
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Dick JK, Hart GT. Natural Killer Cell Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) Activity Against Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Red Blood Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2470:641-657. [PMID: 35881380 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2189-9_48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a mechanism of cell defense that bridges the innate and adaptive immune systems. ADCC has been found to be a major route of immune protection against both viral infections and cancer. Recently, natural killer (NK) cell-mediated ADCC has been shown as a mechanism of parasite clearance and protection against malaria (Hart et al. J Exp Med 216(6):1280-1290, 2019). NK cells bind to antibodies on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells (iRBCs) via their Fc receptor, FcγRIIIa (CD16). This interaction induces the release of lytic granules (degranulation) by NK cells, which contain perforin, granzyme B, and granulysin, as well as the secretion of IFNγ. ADCC subsequently limits the growth of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro (Arora et al. Elife:7, e36806, 2018). Because NK cell-mediated ADCC has been shown to be important in malaria parasite clearance and protection, further studies understanding ADCC in malaria are warranted (Hart et al. J Exp Med 216(6):1280-1290, 2019). Therefore, this protocol describes methods to perform an in vitro ADCC functional assay with iRBCs. Specifically, it includes protocols on how to grow and culture iRBCs, how to culture peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs), and how to do in vitro PBMC assays to measure NK degranulation and IFNγ production as measures of NK ADCC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Kelly Dick
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, University of Minnesota, Microbiology Research Facility, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Geoffrey Thomas Hart
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, University of Minnesota, Microbiology Research Facility, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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39
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Mondelli MU. OUP accepted manuscript. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:1685-1687. [PMID: 35323974 PMCID: PMC9383567 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario U Mondelli
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: Mario Mondelli, MD, PhD, FRCP, FESCMID, UOC Immunologia Clinica–Malattie Infettive, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy ()
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40
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Wu Z, Lau CM, Sottile R, Le Luduec JB, Panjwani MK, Conaty PM, Srpan K, Laib Sampaio K, Mertens T, Adler SP, Hill AB, Barker JN, Cheung NKV, Sun JC, Hsu KC. Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Promotes Expansion of a Functionally Superior Cytoplasmic CD3 + NK Cell Subset with a Bcl11b-Regulated T Cell Signature. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:2534-2544. [PMID: 34625521 PMCID: PMC8578400 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human CMV (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that indelibly shapes the NK cell repertoire. Using transcriptomic, epigenomic, and proteomic approaches to evaluate peripheral blood NK cells from healthy human volunteers, we find that prior HCMV infection promotes NK cells with a T cell-like gene profile, including the canonical markers CD3ε, CD5, and CD8β, as well as the T cell lineage-commitment transcription factor Bcl11b. Although Bcl11b expression is upregulated during NK maturation from CD56bright to CD56dim, we find a Bcl11b-mediated signature at the protein level for FcεRIγ, PLZF, IL-2Rβ, CD3γ, CD3δ, and CD3ε in later-stage, HCMV-induced NK cells. BCL11B is targeted by Notch signaling in T cell development, and culture of NK cells with Notch ligand increases cytoplasmic CD3ε expression. The Bcl11b-mediated gain of CD3ε, physically associated with CD16 signaling molecules Lck and CD247 in NK cells is correlated with increased Ab-dependent effector function, including against HCMV-infected cells, identifying a potential mechanism for their prevalence in HCMV-infected individuals and their prospective clinical use in Ab-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeguang Wu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Colleen M Lau
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Rosa Sottile
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jean-Benoît Le Luduec
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - M Kazim Panjwani
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Peter M Conaty
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Katja Srpan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Thomas Mertens
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Ann B Hill
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Juliet N Barker
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; and
| | - Katharine C Hsu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY;
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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41
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Holder KA, Burt K, Grant MD. TIGIT blockade enhances NK cell activity against autologous HIV-1-infected CD4 + T cells. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1348. [PMID: 34707863 PMCID: PMC8527024 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives During chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 infection, inhibitory molecules upregulated on lymphocytes contribute to effector cell dysfunction and immune exhaustion. People living with HIV (PLWH) are at greater risk for age‐related morbidities, an issue magnified by human cytomegalovirus (CMV) coinfection. As CMV infection modifies natural killer (NK) cell properties and NK cells contribute to protection against HIV‐1 infection, we considered the role of T‐cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and intracellular tyrosine inhibitory motif domains (TIGIT) in NK cell‐based HIV‐1 immunotherapy and elimination strategies. Methods We measured TIGIT expression on immune cell subsets of 95 PLWH and assessed its impact on NK cell function, including elimination of autologous CD4+ T cells infected through reactivation of endogenous HIV‐1. Results TIGIT was expressed on CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and NK cells from PLWH. Although TIGIT levels on T cells correlated with HIV‐1 disease progression, the extent of TIGIT expression on NK cells more closely paralleled adaptation to CMV. TIGIT interacts with its predominant ligand, poliovirus receptor (PVR), to inhibit effector cell functions. Circulating CD4+ T cells from PLWH more frequently expressed PVR than HIV‐seronegative controls, and PVR expression was enriched in CD4+ T cells replicating HIV‐1 ex vivo. Treatment with anti‐TIGIT monoclonal antibodies increased NK cell HIV‐1‐specific antibody‐dependent cytotoxicity in vitro and ex vivo. Conclusion Blocking TIGIT may be an effective strategy to invigorate antibody‐dependent NK cell activity against HIV‐1 activated in cellular reservoirs for cure or treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A Holder
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program Division of BioMedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL Canada
| | | | - Michael D Grant
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program Division of BioMedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL Canada
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42
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Orrantia A, Terrén I, Astarloa-Pando G, González C, Uranga A, Mateos-Mazón JJ, García-Ruiz JC, Riñón M, Rey M, Pérez-Fernandez S, Zenarruzabeitia O, Borrego F. NK Cell Reconstitution After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Association Between NK Cell Maturation Stage and Outcome in Multiple Myeloma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:748207. [PMID: 34675932 PMCID: PMC8524090 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHSCT) is a standard of care for transplant-eligible patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Among factors that influence outcome after autoHSCT, it has been suggested that the number of natural killer (NK) cells plays an important role. However, the impact that different NK cell subsets and their phenotype could have in disease progression after autoHSCT are less clear. For this reason, we have phenotypically and functionally characterized NK cells during immune system reconstitution after autoHSCT in 54 MM patients. Shortly after leukocyte recovery, an extensive redistribution of NK cell subsets occurs in these patients. In addition, NK cells undergo a profound phenotypic change characterized, among others, by their increased proliferative capacity and immature phenotype. Importantly, MM patients who showed lower frequencies of the mature highly differentiated NKG2A-CD57+ NK cell subset at +30 and +100 days after autoHSCT experienced superior progression-free survival and had a longer time to the next treatment than those with higher frequencies. Our results provide significant insights into NK cell reconstitution after autoHSCT and suggest that the degree of NK cell maturation after autoHSCT affects the clinical outcome of MM patients treated with this therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Orrantia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Iñigo Terrén
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Carmen González
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alasne Uranga
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Juan J Mateos-Mazón
- Hematological Cancer Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Juan C García-Ruiz
- Hematological Cancer Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Marta Riñón
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Immunology Service, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Mercedes Rey
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Immunology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Silvia Pérez-Fernandez
- Scientific Coordination Facility, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Olatz Zenarruzabeitia
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Francisco Borrego
- Immunopathology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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43
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Bigley AB, Spade S, Agha NH, Biswas S, Tang S, Malik MH, Dai L, Masoumi S, Patiño-Escobar B, Hale M, DiPierro G, Martell R, Hann B, Shah N, Wiita AP, Liu X. FcεRIγ-negative NK cells persist in vivo and enhance efficacy of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in multiple myeloma. Blood Adv 2021; 5:3021-3031. [PMID: 34357379 PMCID: PMC8361460 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a central component of therapy for hematologic malignancies. Widely used mAb agents in multiple myeloma (MM) include daratumumab and elotuzumab. However, not all patients respond to these agents, and resistance is a significant clinical issue. A recently discovered subset of human natural killer (NK) cells lacking expression of FcεRIγ (g-NK cells) was found to have a multifold increase in antibody-dependent effector functions after CD16 crosslinking. In this study, we tested the capacity of g-NK cells to enhance the efficacy of therapeutic mAbs against MM. In vitro, we found that g-NK cells have strikingly superior anti-myeloma cytotoxicity compared with conventional NK (cNK) cells when combined with daratumumab or elotuzumab (∼sixfold; P < .001). In addition, g-NK cells naturally expressed minimal surface CD38 and SLAMF7, which reduced the incidence of therapeutic fratricide. In tumor-naïve murine models, the persistence of g-NK cells in blood and spleen was >10 times higher than that of cNK cells over 31 days (P < .001). In vivo efficacy studies showed that the combination of daratumumab and g-NK cells led to a >99.9% tumor reduction (by flow cytometry analysis) compared with the combination of daratumumab and cNK cells (P < .001). Moreover, treatment with daratumumab and g-NK cells led to complete elimination of myeloma burden in 5 of 7 mice. Collectively, these results underscore the unique ability of g-NK cells to potentiate the activity of therapeutic mAbs and overcome limitations of current off-the-shelf NK cell therapies without the need for cellular irradiation or genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadia H Agha
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sujit Biswas
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Suni Tang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Muhammad H Malik
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Lu Dai
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Shalaleh Masoumi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Bonell Patiño-Escobar
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Martina Hale
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and
| | | | | | | | - Nina Shah
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Arun P Wiita
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; and
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Xinli Liu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX
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44
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Tomescu C, Kroll K, Colon K, Papasavvas E, Frank I, Tebas P, Mounzer K, Reeves RK, Montaner LJ. Identification of the predominant human NK cell effector subset mediating ADCC against HIV-infected targets coated with BNAbs or plasma from PLWH. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2051-2061. [PMID: 34086344 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The potential of immunotherapy strategies utilizing broadly neutralizing antibodies (BNAbs), such as 3BNC117 and 10-1074, to limit viral replication while also facilitating clearance of HIV infected cells has heightened interest in identifying the predominant NK effector subset(s) capable of mediating antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Utilizing advanced polychromatic flow cytometry, we identified that CD57 positive NK cells from ART-suppressed in People Living With HIV (PLWH) expressed significantly higher levels of the CD16 FcγR receptor, 2B4 ADCC coreceptor, and HLA-DR activation marker while NKG2C positive NK cells expressed significantly higher levels of the CD2 ADCC coreceptor (p < 0.001, n = 32). Functionally, CD57 positive NK cells from ART-suppressed PLWH with either high or low NKG2C expansion exhibited significantly enhanced degranulation and IFN-γ production against heterologous gp120-coated ADCC targets coated with HIV reference plasma compared to CD57 negative NK cells (p = 0.0029, n = 11). CD57 positive NK cells from control donors lacking NKG2C expansion also exhibited significantly more degranulation and IFN-γ production at every timepoint tested against both heterologous ADCC targets (p = 0.019, n = 9) and HIV-1 infected autologous CD4+ primary T cells coated with BNAbs. Together, our data support CD57 positive and NKG2C positive NK cells as the predominant ADCC effector subsets capable of targeting HIV-infected CD4+ cells in the presence of 3BNC117 and 10-1074 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costin Tomescu
- HIV Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Kroll
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krystal Colon
- HIV Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Ian Frank
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pablo Tebas
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karam Mounzer
- Jonathan Lax Center, Philadelphia FIGHT, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roger Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luis J Montaner
- HIV Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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45
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Demaria O, Gauthier L, Debroas G, Vivier E. Natural killer cell engagers in cancer immunotherapy: Next generation of immuno-oncology treatments. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1934-1942. [PMID: 34145579 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immuno-oncology is revolutionizing the treatment of cancers, by inducing the recognition and elimination of tumor cells by the immune system. Recent advances have focused on generating or unleashing tumor antigen-specific T-cell responses, leading to alternative treatment paradigms for many cancers. Despite these successes, the clinical benefit has been limited to a subset of patients and certain tumor types, highlighting the need for alternative strategies. One innovative approach is to broaden and amplify antitumoral immune responses by targeting innate immunity. Particularly, the aim has been to develop new antibody formats capable of stimulating the antitumor activity of innate immune cells, boosting not only their direct role in tumor elimination, but also their function in eliciting multicellular immune responses ultimately resulting in long-lasting tumor control by adaptive immunity. This review covers the development of a new class of synthetic molecules, natural killer cell engagers (NKCEs), which are built from fragments of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and are designed to harness the immune functions of NK cells in cancer. As currently shown in preclinical studies and clinical trials, NKCEs are promising candidates for the next generation of tumor immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.,APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille-Immunopôle, Marseille, France
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46
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Rennert C, Tauber C, Fehrenbach P, Heim K, Bettinger D, Sogukpinar Ö, Schuch A, Zecher BF, Bengsch B, Lang SA, Bronsert P, Björkström NK, Fichtner-Feigl S, Schultheiss M, Thimme R, Hofmann M. Adaptive Subsets Limit the Anti-Tumoral NK-Cell Activity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061369. [PMID: 34199483 PMCID: PMC8227986 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health burden with increasing incidence, poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Natural killer (NK) cells exhibit potent anti-tumoral activity and therefore represent potential targets for immunotherapeutic approaches in HCC treatment. However, the anti-tumoral activity of NK cells in HCC associated with different etiologies, and the impact of the heterogeneous NK cell subset, e.g., adaptive and conventional subsets, are not understood in detail. By comparatively analyzing the NK-cell repertoire in 60 HCC patients, 33 liver cirrhosis patients and 36 healthy donors (HD), we show in this study that the NK-cell repertoire is linked to HCC etiology, with increased frequencies of adaptive NK cells in Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated HCC. Adaptive NK cells exhibited limited anti-tumoral activity toward liver cancer cells; however, this was not a result of a specific NK-cell impairment in HCC but rather represented an intrinsic feature, since the characteristics of circulating and intra-tumoral adaptive NK cells were conserved between HD, HCC and liver cirrhosis patients. Hence, the expansion of adaptive NK cells with reduced anti-tumoral activity, detectable in HBV-associated HCC, may have implications for tumor surveillance and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Rennert
- Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.R.); (C.T.); (P.F.); (K.H.); (D.B.); (Ö.S.); (A.S.); (B.F.Z.); (B.B.); (M.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Catrin Tauber
- Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.R.); (C.T.); (P.F.); (K.H.); (D.B.); (Ö.S.); (A.S.); (B.F.Z.); (B.B.); (M.S.); (R.T.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pia Fehrenbach
- Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.R.); (C.T.); (P.F.); (K.H.); (D.B.); (Ö.S.); (A.S.); (B.F.Z.); (B.B.); (M.S.); (R.T.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Heim
- Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.R.); (C.T.); (P.F.); (K.H.); (D.B.); (Ö.S.); (A.S.); (B.F.Z.); (B.B.); (M.S.); (R.T.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Bettinger
- Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.R.); (C.T.); (P.F.); (K.H.); (D.B.); (Ö.S.); (A.S.); (B.F.Z.); (B.B.); (M.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Özlem Sogukpinar
- Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.R.); (C.T.); (P.F.); (K.H.); (D.B.); (Ö.S.); (A.S.); (B.F.Z.); (B.B.); (M.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Anita Schuch
- Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.R.); (C.T.); (P.F.); (K.H.); (D.B.); (Ö.S.); (A.S.); (B.F.Z.); (B.B.); (M.S.); (R.T.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Britta Franziska Zecher
- Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.R.); (C.T.); (P.F.); (K.H.); (D.B.); (Ö.S.); (A.S.); (B.F.Z.); (B.B.); (M.S.); (R.T.)
- Department of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.R.); (C.T.); (P.F.); (K.H.); (D.B.); (Ö.S.); (A.S.); (B.F.Z.); (B.B.); (M.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Sven A. Lang
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.A.L.); (S.F.-F.)
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, University of Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Bronsert
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Tumorbank, Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niklas K. Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Stefan Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.A.L.); (S.F.-F.)
| | - Michael Schultheiss
- Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.R.); (C.T.); (P.F.); (K.H.); (D.B.); (Ö.S.); (A.S.); (B.F.Z.); (B.B.); (M.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.R.); (C.T.); (P.F.); (K.H.); (D.B.); (Ö.S.); (A.S.); (B.F.Z.); (B.B.); (M.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (C.R.); (C.T.); (P.F.); (K.H.); (D.B.); (Ö.S.); (A.S.); (B.F.Z.); (B.B.); (M.S.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Capuano C, Pighi C, Battella S, De Federicis D, Galandrini R, Palmieri G. Harnessing CD16-Mediated NK Cell Functions to Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy of Tumor-Targeting mAbs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102500. [PMID: 34065399 PMCID: PMC8161310 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Natural Killer (NK) cells play a major role in cancer immunotherapy based on tumor-targeting mAbs. NK cell-mediated tumor cell killing and cytokine secretion are powerfully stimulated upon interaction with IgG-opsonized tumor cells, through the aggregation of FcγRIIIA/CD16 IgG receptor. Advances in basic and translational NK cell biology have led to the development of strategies that, by improving mAb-dependent antitumor responses, may overcome the current limitations of antibody therapy attributable to tolerance, immunosuppressive microenvironment, and genotypic factors. This review provides an overview of the immunotherapeutic strategies being pursued to improve the efficacy of mAb-induced NK antitumor activity. The exploitation of antibody combinations, antibody-based molecules, used alone or combined with adoptive NK cell therapy, will be uncovered. Within the landscape of NK cell heterogeneity, we stress the role of memory NK cells as promising effectors in the next generation of immunotherapy with the aim to obtain long-lasting tumor control. Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells hold a pivotal role in tumor-targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based activity due to the expression of CD16, the low-affinity receptor for IgG. Indeed, beyond exerting cytotoxic function, activated NK cells also produce an array of cytokines and chemokines, through which they interface with and potentiate adaptive immune responses. Thus, CD16-activated NK cells can concur to mAb-dependent “vaccinal effect”, i.e., the development of antigen-specific responses, which may be highly relevant in maintaining long-term protection of treated patients. On this basis, the review will focus on strategies aimed at potentiating NK cell-mediated antitumor functions in tumor-targeting mAb-based regimens, represented by (a) mAb manipulation strategies, aimed at augmenting recruitment and efficacy of NK cells, such as Fc-engineering, and the design of bi- or trispecific NK cell engagers and (b) the possible exploitation of memory NK cells, whose distinctive characteristics (enhanced responsiveness to CD16 engagement, longevity, and intrinsic resistance to the immunosuppressive microenvironment) may maximize therapeutic mAb antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.D.F.)
| | - Chiara Pighi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.D.F.)
| | - Simone Battella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.D.F.)
- ReiThera Srl, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide De Federicis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.D.F.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ricciarda Galandrini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.D.F.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Gabriella Palmieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.D.F.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (G.P.)
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Hasan MZ, Walter L. Rhesus Macaque Activating Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors Associate With Fc Receptor Gamma (FCER1G) and Not With DAP12 Adaptor Proteins Resulting in Stabilized Expression and Enabling Signal Transduction. Front Immunol 2021; 12:678964. [PMID: 33968088 PMCID: PMC8102735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.678964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) in macaques are thought to be derived by genetic recombination of the region encoding the transmembrane and intracellular part of KIR2DL4 and a KIR3D gene. As a result, all macaque activating KIR possess a positively charged arginine residue in the transmembrane region. As human KIR2DL4 associates with the FCER1G (also called Fc receptor-gamma, FcRγ) adaptor, we hypothesized that in contrast to human and great ape the activating KIRs of macaques associate with FcRγ instead of DAP12. By applying co-immunoprecipitation of transfected as well as primary cells, we demonstrate that rhesus macaque KIR3DS05 indeed associates with FcRγ and not with DAP12. This association with FcRγ results in increased and substantially stabilized surface expression of KIR3DS05. In addition, we demonstrate that binding of specific ligands of KIR3DS05, Mamu-A1*001 and A1*011, resulted in signal transduction in the presence of FcRγ in contrast to DAP12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zahidul Hasan
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
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Perera Molligoda Arachchige AS. Human NK cells: From development to effector functions. Innate Immun 2021; 27:212-229. [PMID: 33761782 PMCID: PMC8054151 DOI: 10.1177/17534259211001512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells are the major lymphocyte subset of the innate immune system that mediates antiviral and anti-tumor responses. It is well established that they develop mechanisms to distinguish self from non-self during the process of NK cell education. Unlike T and B cells, natural killer cells lack clonotypic receptors and are activated after recognizing their target via germline-encoded receptors through natural cytotoxicity, cytokine stimulation, and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Subsequently, they utilize cytotoxic granules, death receptor ligands, and cytokines to perform their effector functions. In this review, we provide a general overview of human NK cells, as opposed to murine NK cells, discussing their ontogeny, maturation, receptor diversity, types of responses, and effector functions. Furthermore, we also describe recent advances in human NK cell biology, including tissue-resident NK cell populations, NK cell memory, and novel approaches used to target NK cells in cancer immunotherapy.
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50
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Sheppard S, Sun JC. Virus-specific NK cell memory. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211913. [PMID: 33755720 PMCID: PMC7992500 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells express a limited number of germline-encoded receptors that identify infected or transformed cells, eliciting cytotoxicity, effector cytokine production, and in some circumstances clonal proliferation and memory. To maximize the functional diversity of NK cells, the array and expression level of surface receptors vary between individual NK cell “clones” in mice and humans. Cytomegalovirus infection in both species can expand a population of NK cells expressing receptors critical to the clearance of infected cells and generate a long-lived memory pool capable of targeting future infection with greater efficacy. Here, we discuss the pathways and factors that regulate the generation and maintenance of effector and memory NK cells and propose how this understanding may be harnessed therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Sheppard
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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