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Wang D, Zhang Y, Li Q, Li Y, Li W, Zhang A, Xu J, Meng J, Tang L, Lyu S. Epigenetics: Mechanisms, potential roles, and therapeutic strategies in cancer progression. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101020. [PMID: 38988323 PMCID: PMC11233905 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations or abnormal expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are known to cause cancer. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic modifications are key drivers of cancer development and progression. Nevertheless, the mechanistic role of epigenetic dysregulation in the tumor microenvironment is not fully understood. Here, we reviewed the role of epigenetic modifications of cancer cells and non-cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment and recent research advances in cancer epigenetic drugs. In addition, we discussed the great potential of epigenetic combination therapies in the clinical treatment of cancer. However, there are still some challenges in the field of cancer epigenetics, such as epigenetic tumor heterogeneity, epigenetic drug heterogeneity, and crosstalk between epigenetics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other omics, which may be the focus and difficulty of cancer treatment in the future. In conclusion, epigenetic modifications in the tumor microenvironment are essential for future epigenetic drug development and the comprehensive treatment of cancer. Epigenetic combination therapy may be a novel strategy for the future clinical treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qingbo Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yu Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wen Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingxuan Xu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingyan Meng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shuhua Lyu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
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Chida K, Kanazawa H, Kinoshita H, Roy AM, Hakamada K, Takabe K. The role of lidocaine in cancer progression and patient survival. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 259:108654. [PMID: 38701900 PMCID: PMC11162934 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Since its development in 1943, lidocaine has been one of the most commonly used local anesthesia agents for surgical procedures. Lidocaine alters neuronal signal transmission by prolonging the inactivation of fast voltage-gated sodium channels in the cell membrane of neurons, which are responsible for action potential propagation. Recently, it has attracted attention due to emerging evidence suggesting its potential antitumor properties, particularly in the in vitro setting. Further, local administration of lidocaine around the tumor immediately prior to surgical removal has been shown to improve overall survival in breast cancer patients. However, the exact mechanisms driving these antitumor effects remain largely unclear. In this article, we will review the existing literature on the mechanism of lidocaine as a local anesthetic, its effects on the cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, involved pathways, and cancer progression. Additionally, we will explore recent reports highlighting its impact on clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Taken together, there remains significant ambiguity surrounding lidocaine's functions and roles in cancer biology, particularly in perioperative setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Chida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Kanazawa
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler School of Medicine, TX, USA.
| | - Hirotaka Kinoshita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Arya Mariam Roy
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Kenichi Hakamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan; Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; Department of Breast Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Hu X, Ye Q, Lu H, Wu Z, Chen S, Zheng R. Estrogen-mediated DNMT1 and DNMT3A recruitment by EZH2 silences miR-570-3p that contributes to papillary thyroid malignancy through DPP4. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:81. [PMID: 38890707 PMCID: PMC11184720 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01685-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a common endocrine malignancy. Studies have indicated that estrogen can regulate the expression of miRNAs in numerous malignancies. MiR-570-3p has been shown to have a regulatory function in various cancers. However, studies of the regulatory function of miR-570-3p and a direct link between estrogen (especially estradiol E2) and miR-570-3p in PTC have not been done. METHODS Expression of miR-570-3p and its downstream target DPP4 in PTC tissues and cells was predicted using bioinformatics and validated by qRT-PCR and western blot assays. We then performed a series of gain-and-loss experiments to assess the functional significance of miR-570-3p/DPP4 axis in PTC progression in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the methylation of the miR-570-3p promoter region was examined via bioinformatics analysis and MSP. Finally, the effects of E2 on PTC progression and the correlation between DNMT1/DNMT3A and EZH2 were predicted by bioinformatic tools and proved by luciferase reporter, ChIP, and co-IP assays. RESULTS In PTC tumor tissues and cell lines, there was a lower expression level and a higher methylation level of miR-570-3p compared to normal tissues and cell lines. DPP4 was identified as the downstream target of miR-570-3p. Overexpression of miR-570-3p reduced the proliferative, migratory, and invasive capabilities, and promoted apoptosis, while overexpression of DPP4 reversed these effects in PTC cells. It was also discovered that DNMT1 and DNMT3A increased the CpG methylation level of the miR-570-3p promoter in an EZH2-dependent manner, which led to decreased expression of miR-570-3p. Furthermore, we observed that estrogen (E2) enhanced the methylation of miR-570-3p and suppressed its expression levels, resulting in augmented tumor growth in vivo in PTC. CONCLUSION Estrogen regulates the EZH2/DNMTs/miR-570-3p/DPP4 signaling pathway to promote PTC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiarong Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, 523059, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingyao Ye
- Department of General Surgery, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, 523059, Guangdong, China
| | - HuanQuan Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, 523059, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiming Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, 523059, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, 523059, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruinian Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Tumors, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, 523059, Guangdong, China.
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Sabour-Takanlou M, Sabour-Takanlou L, Biray-Avci C. EZH2-associated tumor malignancy: A prominent target for cancer treatment. Clin Genet 2024. [PMID: 38881299 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The discussion in this review centers around the significant relationships between EZH2 and the initiation, progression, metastasis, metabolism, drug resistance, and immune regulation of cancer. Polycomb group (PcG) proteins, which encompass two primary Polycomb repressor complexes (PRC1 and PRC2), have been categorized. PRC2 consists mainly of four subunits, namely EZH2, EED, SUZ12, and RbAp46/48. As the crucial catalytic component within the PRC2 complex, EZH2 plays a pivotal role in controlling a wide range of biological processes. Overexpression/mutations of EZH2 have been detected in a wide variety of tumors. Several mechanisms of EZH regulation have been identified, including regulation EZH2 mRNA by miRNAs, LncRNAs, accessibility to DNA via DNA-binding proteins, post-translational modifications, and transcriptional regulation. EZH2 signaling triggers cancer progression and may intervene with anti-tumor immunity; therefore it has charmed attention as an effective therapeutic target in cancer therapy. Numerouss nucleic acid-based therapies have been used in the modification of EZH2. In addition to gene therapy approaches, pharmaceutical compounds can be used to target the EZH2 signaling pathway in the treatment of cancer. EZH2-associated tumor cells and immune cells enhance the effects of the immune response in a variety of human malignancies. The combination of epigenetic modifying agents, such as anti-EZH2 compounds with immunotherapy, could potentially be efficacious even in the context of immunosuppressive tumors. Summary, understanding the mechanisms underlying resistance to EZH2 inhibitors may facilitate the development of novel drugs to prevent or treat relapse in treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cigir Biray-Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Wang S, Xu L, Wang D, Zhao S, Li K, Ma F, Yao Q, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Shao Y, Song S, Yan W. YTHDF1 promotes the osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer via inducing EZH2 and CDH11 translation. Cancer Lett 2024; 597:217047. [PMID: 38871245 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is common in breast cancer and more effective therapies are required, however, its molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Additionally, the role of the m6A reader YTHDF1 in bone metastasis of breast cancer has not been reported. Here, we reveal that the increased expression of YTHDF1 is clinically correlated with breast cancer bone metastases. YTHDF1 promotes migration, invasion, and osteoblast adhesion and induces osteoclast differentiation of cancer cells in vitro and vivo. Mechanically, RNA-seq, MeRIP-seq and RIP-seq analysis, and molecular biology experiments demonstrate that YTHDF1 translationally enhances EZH2 and CDH11 expression by reading m6A-enriched sites of their transcripts. Moreover, adeno-associated virus (AAV) was used to deliver shYTHDF1 (shYTHDF1-AAV) in intratibial injection models, eliciting a significant suppressive effect on breast cancer bone metastatic formation and osteolytic destruction. Overall, we uncovered that YTHDF1 promotes osteolytic bone metastases of breast cancer by inducing EZH2 and CDH11 translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoer Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lun Xu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songjiao Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianlan Yao
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunkui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shaoli Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wangjun Yan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Wu X, Sun Y, Wei S, Hu H, Yang B. Identification of Potential Ferroptosis Biomarkers and Analysis of Immune Cell Infiltration in Psoriasis Using Machine Learning. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1281-1295. [PMID: 38835517 PMCID: PMC11149635 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s457958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Background Ferroptosis is a type of cell death characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lethal lipid peroxides, which is associated with various pathophysiological processes. Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disease accompanied by abnormal immune cell infiltration and excessive production of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). Currently, its pathogenesis remains elusive, especially the potential role of ferroptosis in its pathophysiological process. Methods The microarrays GSE13355 (58 psoriatic skin specimens versus 122 healthy skin specimens) and the ferroptosis database were employed to identify the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with psoriasis and ferroptosis. The functions of common DEGs were investigated through functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis. The potential diagnostic markers for psoriasis among the common DEGs were identified using four machine-learning algorithms. DGIdb was utilized to explore potential therapeutic agents for psoriasis. Additionally, CIBERSORT was employed to investigate immune infiltration in psoriasis. Results A total of 8 common DEGs associated with psoriasis and ferroptosis were identified, which are involved in intercellular signaling and affect pathways of cell response to stress and stimulation. Four machine-learning algorithms were employed to identify poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 12 (PARP12), frizzled homolog 7 (FZD7), and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15B) among the eight common DEGs as potential diagnostic markers for psoriasis. A total of 18 drugs targeting the five common DEGs were identified as potential candidates for treating psoriasis. Additionally, significant changes were observed in the immune microenvironment of patients with psoriasis. Conclusion This study has contributed to our enhanced comprehension of ferroptosis-related genes as potential biomarkers for psoriasis diagnosis, as well as the alterations in the immune microenvironment associated with psoriasis. Our findings offer valuable insights into the diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhe Sun
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Wei
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, People's Republic of China
| | - Huoyou Hu
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
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Huang JR, Li Y, Chen P, Wei JX, Yang X, Xu QQ, Chen JB. Effects of transcription factor SOX11 on the biological behavior of neuroblastoma cell and potential regulatory mechanism. Ann Surg Treat Res 2024; 106:284-295. [PMID: 38725807 PMCID: PMC11076950 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2024.106.5.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to analyze the expression and prognosis of SRY-box transcription factor 11 (SOX11) in neuroblastoma (NB), as well as the biological function and potential regulatory mechanism of SOX11 in NB. Methods Public RNA sequencing was used to detect the expression level of SOX11. The Kaplan-Meier curve and hazard ratios (HR) were used to determine the prognostic value of SOX11 in NB. Functional analyses were performed using CCK8, wound healing assay, and transwell invasion assay. Finally, the potential target genes of SOX11 were predicted by Harmonizonme (Ma'ayan Laboratory) and Cistrome Data Browser (Cistrome Project) database to explore the potential molecular mechanism of SOX11 in NB. Results Compared with normal adrenal tissue, the expression of SOX11 in NB tissue was significantly upregulated. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that high expression of SOX11 was associated with poor prognosis in children with NB (HR, 1.719; P = 0.049). SOX11 knockdown suppressed the migration capacity of SK-N-SH cells but did not affect proliferation and invasion capacity. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) may be a potential downstream target gene for the transcription factor SOX11 to play a role in NB. Conclusion The transcription factor SOX11 was significantly upregulated in NB. SOX11 knockdown suppressed the migration capacity of NB cell SK-N-SH. SOX11 may promote the progression of NB by targeting EZH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ru Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ji-Xiu Wei
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiong-Qian Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jia-Bo Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Chen L, Hu M, Chen L, Peng Y, Zhang C, Wang X, Li X, Yao Y, Song Q, Li J, Pei H. Targeting O-GlcNAcylation in cancer therapeutic resistance: The sugar Saga continues. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216742. [PMID: 38401884 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
O-linked-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a dynamic post-translational modification (PTM), holds profound implications in controlling various cellular processes such as cell signaling, metabolism, and epigenetic regulation that influence cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. From the therapeutic perspective, O-GlcNAc modulates drug efflux, targeting and metabolism. By integrating signals from glucose, lipid, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolic pathways, O-GlcNAc acts as a nutrient sensor and transmits signals to exerts its function on genome stability, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell stemness, cell apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle. O-GlcNAc also attends to tumor microenvironment (TME) and the immune response. At present, several strategies aiming at targeting O-GlcNAcylation are under mostly preclinical evaluation, where the newly developed O-GlcNAcylation inhibitors markedly enhance therapeutic efficacy. Here we systematically outline the mechanisms through which O-GlcNAcylation influences therapy resistance and deliberate on the prospects and challenges associated with targeting O-GlcNAcylation in future cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chen
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China; Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Mengxue Hu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Luojun Chen
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yihan Peng
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Cai Zhang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiangpan Li
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi Yao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qibin Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Huadong Pei
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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Santoro N, Salutari P, Di Ianni M, Marra A. Precision Medicine Approaches in Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Adverse Genetics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4259. [PMID: 38673842 PMCID: PMC11050344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with adverse genetics remains unsatisfactory, with very low response rates to standard chemotherapy and shorter durations of remission commonly observed in these patients. The complex biology of AML with adverse genetics is continuously evolving. Herein, we discuss recent advances in the field focusing on the contribution of molecular drivers of leukemia biogenesis and evolution and on the alterations of the immune system that can be exploited with immune-based therapeutic strategies. We focus on the biological rationales for combining targeted therapy and immunotherapy, which are currently being investigated in ongoing trials, and could hopefully ameliorate the poor outcomes of patients affected by AML with adverse genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Santoro
- Hematology Unit, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ospedale Civile “Santo Spirito”, 65122 Pescara, Italy; (P.S.); (M.D.I.)
| | - Prassede Salutari
- Hematology Unit, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ospedale Civile “Santo Spirito”, 65122 Pescara, Italy; (P.S.); (M.D.I.)
| | - Mauro Di Ianni
- Hematology Unit, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ospedale Civile “Santo Spirito”, 65122 Pescara, Italy; (P.S.); (M.D.I.)
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, “G.D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Marra
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00196 Rome, Italy
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Zhang Y, Yu Y, Yuan L, Zhang B. EZH2 Promotes Glioma Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration via Mir-142-3p/KCNQ1OT1/HMGB3 Axis : Running Title: EZH2 Promotes Glioma cell Malignant Behaviors. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04080-0. [PMID: 38556567 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the role and molecular mechanism of EZH2 in glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. EZH2, miR-142-3p, lncRNA KCNQ1OT1, LIN28B, and HMGB3 expressions in glioma tissues and cells were determined using qRT-PCR or Western blot, followed by CCK-8 assay detection of cell viability, Transwell detection of invasion and migration, ChIP analysis of the enrichment of EZH2 and H3K27me3 on miR-142-3p promoter, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP validation of the binding of miR-142-3p-KCNQ1OT1 and KCNQ1OT1-LIN28B, and actinomycin D detection of KCNQ1OT1 and HMGB3 mRNA stability. A nude mouse xenograft model and a lung metastasis model were established. EZH2, KCNQ1OT1, LIN28B, and HMGB3 were highly expressed while miR-142-3p was poorly expressed in gliomas. EZH2 silencing restrained glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. EZH2 repressed miR-142-3p expression by elevating the H3K27me3 level. miR-142-3p targeted KCNQ1OT1 expression, and KCNQ1OT1 bound to LIN28B to stabilize HMGB3 mRNA, thereby promoting its protein expression. EZH2 silencing depressed tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice via the miR-142-3p/KCNQ1OT1/HMGB3 axis. In conclusion, EZH2 curbed miR-142-3p expression, thereby relieving the inhibition of KCNQ1OT1 expression by miR-142-3p, enhancing the binding of KCNQ1OT1 to LIN28B, elevating HMGB3 expression, and ultimately accelerating glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Fengtai You'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Epilepsy Center, Beijing Fengtai You'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, No. 16, Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Beijing, 100088, China.
| | - Baozhong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, He Bei Hua Ao Hospital, No. 11, the Changcheng West Street, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei Province, China.
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Luo Y, Li L, Hu Q, Zhang Z, Liu F, Peng Y, Zou Y, Chen L. Iron overload increases the sensitivity of endometriosis stromal cells to ferroptosis via a PRC2-independent function of EZH2. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 169:106553. [PMID: 38417568 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Given the high concentration of iron in the micro-environment of ovarian endometriosis, it is plausible to hypothesize that ectopic endometrial cells may be more susceptible to undergoing ferroptosis. Manipulation of ferroptosis has been explored as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat related diseases. In this study, we examined the impact on ectopic endometrial stromal cells (EESCs) of iron overload and an inducer of ferroptosis. We found that the iron concentration in the ovarian endometriosis was much higher than control samples. Treatment of cultured EESCs with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) increase the sensitivity to undergo ferroptosis. By analyzing the RNA-seq results, it was discovered that zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2) was significantly downregulated in ferroptosis induced EESCs. Moreover, overexpression of EZH2 effectively prevented the induction of ferroptosis. In addition, the activity or expression of EZH2 is directly and specifically inhibited by the methyltransferase inhibitor GSK343, which raises the sensitivity of stromal cells to ferroptosis. Taken together, our findings revealed that EZH2 act as a suppressor in the induced cell ferroptosis through a PRC2-independent methyltransferase mechanism. Therefore, blocking EZH2 expression and inducing ferroptosis may be effective treatment approaches for ovarian endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Central Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Liping Li
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiwen Hu
- School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Department of pathology, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Faying Liu
- Central Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China; Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Yongbao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Central Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China; Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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12
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Xiao B, Shi Z, Liu J, Huang Q, Shu K, Liu F, Zhi C, Zhang D, Wu L, Yang S, Zeng X, Fan T, Liu Z, Jiang Y. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of VHL-based EZH2 degraders for breast cancer. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107078. [PMID: 38181661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) is one of the most important histone methyltransferases (HMTs), and overexpression of EZH2 can lead to proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of tumor cells. But most of EZH2 inhibitors are only effective against some hematologic malignancies and have poor efficacy against solid tumors. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of highly potent proteolysis targeting chimeric (PROTACs) small molecules targeting EZH2. We developed a potent and effective EZH2 degrader P4, which effectively induced EZH2 protein degradation and inhibited breast cancer cell growth. Further studies showed that P4 can significantly decrease the degree of H3K27me3 in MDA-MB-231 cell line, induce apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest in Pfeiffer and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Therefore, P4 is a potential anticancer molecule for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boren Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhichao Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Qiuhua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kaifei Shu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Funian Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Cailian Zhi
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shiqi Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Xiliang Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
| | - Zijian Liu
- Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China; Shenzhen Winkey Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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13
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Falkenstern L, Georgi V, Bunse S, Badock V, Husemann M, Roehn U, Stellfeld T, Fitzgerald M, Ferrara S, Stöckigt D, Stresemann C, Hartung IV, Fernández-Montalván A. A miniaturized mode-of-action profiling platform enables high throughput characterization of the molecular and cellular dynamics of EZH2 inhibition. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1739. [PMID: 38242973 PMCID: PMC10799085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The market approval of Tazemetostat (TAZVERIK) for the treatment of follicular lymphoma and epithelioid sarcoma has established "enhancer of zeste homolog 2" (EZH2) as therapeutic target in oncology. Despite their structural similarities and common mode of inhibition, Tazemetostat and other EZH2 inhibitors display differentiated pharmacological profiles based on their target residence time. Here we established high throughput screening methods based on time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer, scintillation proximity and high content analysis microscopy to quantify the biochemical and cellular binding of a chemically diverse collection of EZH2 inhibitors. These assays allowed to further characterize the interplay between EZH2 allosteric modulation by methylated histone tails (H3K27me3) and inhibitor binding, and to evaluate the impact of EZH2's clinically relevant mutant Y641N on drug target residence times. While all compounds in this study exhibited slower off-rates, those with clinical candidate status display significantly slower target residence times in wild type EZH2 and disease-related mutants. These inhibitors interact in a more entropy-driven fashion and show the most persistent effects in cellular washout and antiproliferative efficacy experiments. Our work provides mechanistic insights for the largest cohort of EZH2 inhibitors reported to date, demonstrating that-among several other binding parameters-target residence time is the best predictor of cellular efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Falkenstern
- Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Rentschler Biopharma SE, Erwin-Rentschler-Straße 21, 88471, Laupheim, Germany
| | - Victoria Georgi
- Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bunse
- Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Badock
- Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Roehn
- Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Stellfeld
- Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark Fitzgerald
- Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Nested Therapeutics, 1030 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 410, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Steven Ferrara
- Broad Institute, Merkin Building, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Detlef Stöckigt
- Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlo Stresemann
- Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Nuvisan Innovation Campus Berlin, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo V Hartung
- Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Amaury Fernández-Montalván
- Bayer AG, Müllerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
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14
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Thapa R, Afzal O, Afzal M, Gupta G, Bhat AA, Hassan Almalki W, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Saleem S, Arora P, Singh SK, Dua K. From LncRNA to metastasis: The MALAT1-EMT axis in cancer progression. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154959. [PMID: 38029713 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease that causes abnormal genetic changes and unchecked cellular growth. It also causes a disruption in the normal regulatory processes that leads to the creation of malignant tissue. The complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and epigenetic variables influences its etiology. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have emerged as pivotal contributors within the intricate landscape of cancer biology, orchestrating an array of multifaceted cellular processes that substantiate the processes of carcinogenesis and metastasis. Metastasis is a crucial driver of cancer mortality. Among these, MALAT1 (Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1) has drawn a lot of interest for its function in encouraging metastasis via controlling the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) procedure. MALAT1 exerts a pivotal influence on the process of EMT, thereby promoting metastasis to distant organs. The mechanistic underpinning of this phenomenon involves the orchestration of an intricate regulatory network encompassing transcription factors, signalling cascades, and genes intricately associated with the EMT process by MALAT1. Its crucial function in transforming tumor cells into an aggressive phenotype is highlighted by its capacity to influence the expression of essential EMT effectors such as N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and Snail. An understanding of the MALAT1-EMT axis provides potential therapeutic approaches for cancer intervention. Targeting MALAT1 or its downstream EMT effectors may reduce the spread of metastatic disease and improve the effectiveness of already available therapies. Understanding the MALAT1-EMT axis holds significant clinical implications. Therefore, directing attention towards MALAT1 or its downstream mediators could present innovative therapeutic strategies for mitigating metastasis and improving patient prognosis. This study highlights the importance of MALAT1 in cancer biology and its potential for cutting back on metastatic disease with novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India.
| | - Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Saleem
- Department of Public Health. College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Poonam Arora
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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15
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Wu T, Tian Q, Liu R, Xu K, Shi S, Zhang X, Gao L, Yin X, Xu S, Wang P. Inhibitory role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosome in non-small-cell lung cancer: microRNA-30b-5p, EZH2 and PI3K/AKT pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3526-3538. [PMID: 37698037 PMCID: PMC10660609 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomal microRNA (miRNA) exerts potential roles in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The current study elucidated the role of miR-30b-5p shuttled by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-derived exosomes in treating NSCLC. Bioinformatics analysis was performed with NSCLC-related miRNA microarray GSE169587 and mRNA data GSE74706 obtained for collection of the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs. The relationship between miR-30b-5p and EZH2 was predicted and confirmed. Exosomes were isolated from BMSCs and identified. BMSCs-derived exosomes overexpressing miR-30b-5p were used to establish subcutaneous tumorigenesis models to study the effects of miR-30b-5p, EZH2 and PI3K/AKT signalling pathway on tumour growth. A total of 86 BMSC-exo-miRNAs were differentially expressed in NSCLC. Bioinfomatics analysis found that BMSC-exo-miR-30b-5p could regulate NSCLC progression by targeting EZH2, which was verified by in vitro cell experiments. Besides, the target genes of miR-30b-5p were enriched in PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Animal experiments validated that BMSC-exo-miR-30b-5p promoted NSCLC cell apoptosis and prevented tumorigenesis in nude mice via EZH2/PI3K/AKT axis. Collectively, the inhibitory role of BMSC-derived exosomes-loaded miR-30b-5p in NSCLC was achieved through blocking the EZH2/PI3K/AKT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Graduate School of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe First Hospital of QinhuangdaoQinhuangdaoChina
| | - Ruiji Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe First Hospital of QinhuangdaoQinhuangdaoChina
| | - Ke Xu
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe First Hospital of QinhuangdaoQinhuangdaoChina
| | - Xiudi Zhang
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Liming Gao
- Oncology DepartmentThe First Hospital of QinhuangdaoQinhuangdaoChina
| | - Xiaobo Yin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe First Hospital of QinhuangdaoQinhuangdaoChina
| | - Shufeng Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineThe First Hospital of QinhuangdaoQinhuangdaoChina
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
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16
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Hosokawa M, Tetsumoto S, Yasui M, Kono Y, Ogawara KI. 3-deazaneplanocin A, a histone methyltransferase inhibitor, improved the chemoresistance induced under hypoxia in melanoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 677:26-30. [PMID: 37542772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
One of common characteristics of solid tumors is low O2 level, so-called hypoxia, which plays a critical role in chemoresistance. Epigenetic mechanism such as DNA methylation and histone modification is involved in cancer development and progression. There is ample evidence that epigenetic drugs reversed acquired chemoresistance in cancer cells under normal O2 level, normoxia. However, it remains unknown whether epigenetic drugs improve acquired chemoresistance under hypoxia. The aim of our study was to investigate whether epigenetic drugs can improve the chemoresistance induced under hypoxia in cancer cells. In murine melanoma B16-BL6 (B16) cells, the culture under hypoxia, 1%O2 caused the elevated expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and its target genes. The chemoresistance to 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan) was also acquired under hypoxia in B16 cells. In addition, as epigenetic mechanisms, the protein expression of the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), histone methyltransferase and its target histone H3 trimethylation at lysine 27 (H3K27Me3) level increased under hypoxia. The induction of H3K27Me3 under hypoxia was suppressed by EZH2 siRNA and 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), an EZH2 inhibitor. Furthermore, both EZH2 siRNA and DZNep significantly reduced the cell viability after SN-38 treatment and improved the chemoresistance to SN-38 under hypoxia. These results indicated that the chemoresistance to SN-38 under hypoxia would arise from epigenetic mechanism, H3K27Me3 elevation due to EZH2 induction. In conclusion, a histone methyltransferase EZH2 inhibitor, DZNep was capable of tackling acquired chemoresistance via the suppression of histone methylation induced under hypoxic tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Hosokawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Sekai Tetsumoto
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Mirano Yasui
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kono
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Ogawara
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
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17
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Wang J, Wang H, Gao M, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Huang D, Tu K, Xu Q. The regulation of amino acid metabolism in tumor cell death: from the perspective of physiological functions. Apoptosis 2023; 28:1304-1314. [PMID: 37523039 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01875-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) are crucial molecules for the synthesis of mammalian proteins as well as a source of energy and redox equilibrium maintenance. The development of tumors also requires AAs as nutrients. Increased AAs metabolism is frequently seen in tumor cells to produce enough biomass, energy, and reduction agents. However, increased AA demand may result in auxotrophy in some cancer cells, highlighting the vulnerabilities of cancers and exposing the AA metabolism as a potential target for cancer therapy. The dynamic balance of cell survival and death is required for cellular homeostasis, growth, and development. Malignant cells manage to avoid cell death through a range of mechanisms, such as developing an addiction to amino acids through metabolic adaptation. In order to offer some guidance for AA-targeted cancer therapy, we have outlined the function of AA metabolism in tumor progression, the modalities of cell death, and the regulation of AA metabolism on tumor cell death in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710065, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710065, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qiuran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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18
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Wu Y, Xu Z, Chen X, Fu G, Tian J, Jin B. RCC1 functions as a tumor facilitator in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by dysregulating cell cycle, apoptosis, and EZH2 stability. Cancer Med 2023; 12:19889-19903. [PMID: 37747077 PMCID: PMC10587970 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RCC1 functions as a pivotal guanine nucleotide exchange factor and was reported to be involved in mitosis, the assembly of the nuclear envelope, nucleocytoplasmic transport in cell physiological processes. Recent studies reported that RCC1 could regulate immunological pathways and promote the growth of some malignant solid tumors. However, the prognostic value and exact function of RCC1 remain unknown in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (cRCC). METHODS The UALCAN and KM plotter portals were used to analyze the expression profile and related tumor prognosis of RCC1 in ccRCC using data from TCGA. The expression profile of RCC1 was also confirmed in clinical samples using qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The role of RCC1 on ccRCC cells in vitro was confirmed by a series of functional assays. Animal experiments were performed to verify the suppressive effect of RCC1 knockdown on tumor growth in vivo. The correlation of RCC1 expression with that of EZH2 was explored in clinical samples using IHC. The interaction between RCC1 and EZH2 was further verified using a CO-IP assay and a protein stability assay. RESULTS RCC1 was upregulated in ccRCC tissues compared with normal tissues in TCGA dataset and paired clinical samples. RCC1 promoted ccRCC progression by accelerating the cell cycle and suppressing apoptosis. In addition, RCC1 could bind EZH2 and regulate its expression at the posttranscriptional level. RCC1 and EZH2 expression showed a strong correlation in clinical samples. Further investigation proved that RCC1 regulated EZH2 protein stability through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. CONCLUSIONS RCC1 could be a potential therapeutic target in ccRCC. The RCC1/EZH2 axis takes part in the development of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Urinary Bladder Carcinoma Innovation Diagnosis and TreatmentHangzhouChina
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Urinary Bladder Carcinoma Innovation Diagnosis and TreatmentHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Urinary Bladder Carcinoma Innovation Diagnosis and TreatmentHangzhouChina
| | - Guanghou Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Urinary Bladder Carcinoma Innovation Diagnosis and TreatmentHangzhouChina
| | - Junjie Tian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Urinary Bladder Carcinoma Innovation Diagnosis and TreatmentHangzhouChina
| | - Baiye Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Urinary Bladder Carcinoma Innovation Diagnosis and TreatmentHangzhouChina
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19
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Chen Y, Ma J, Zhang M. TRIM29 promotes the progression of colorectal cancer by suppressing EZH2 degradation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1527-1536. [PMID: 37837384 PMCID: PMC10676129 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231199070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is commonly diagnosed at the advanced stage and has a high mortality rate. Tripartite Motif Containing 29 (TRIM29) is an oncogene in numerous malignancies including CRC. However, the molecular mechanism of TRIM29 is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the biological functions of TRIM29 and the underlying mechanisms. The expression of TRIM29 and Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) was predicted using the bioinformatic analysis and measured using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical assay. The biological functions of TRIM29 were analyzed using a cell counting kit-8, EdU and transwell assays, scratch test, and flow cytometry. The interaction between TRIM29 and EZH2 was assessed using protein immunoprecipitation. The stability of EZH2 was evaluated by treating it with cycloheximide. Our results indicated that TRIM29 levels were upregulated in CRC. Overexpression of TRIM29 promoted CRC cell proliferation and migration and suppressed apoptosis. The opposite result was obtained when TRIM29 was silenced. TRIM29 interacted with EZH2 mechanically and enhanced the protein stability of EZH2. Depletion of EZH2 reversed the effects of TRIM29, regarding its biological behaviors. Moreover, downregulation of TRIM29 inhibited tumor growth and improved the histopathological prognosis. In conclusion, EZH2 interacted with silenced TRIM29 to suppress its stability, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and tumor growth, and promoting apoptosis in CRC. Our findings suggested that TRIM29 is a promising target for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi, China
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Ali M, Stone D, Laknaur A, Yang Q, Al-Hendy A. EZH2 activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human uterine fibroids, which is inhibited by the natural compound methyl jasmonate. F&S SCIENCE 2023; 4:239-256. [PMID: 37182601 PMCID: PMC10527015 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the link between EZH2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its role in uterine fibroids (UFs) pathogenesis and explore the potential effect of natural compound methyl jasmonate (MJ) against UFs. DESIGN EZH2 overexpression or inhibition was achieved in human uterine leiomyoma (HuLM) cells using EZH2-expressing adenovirus or chemical EZH2 inhibitor (DZNep), respectively. The HuLM and normal uterine smooth muscle cells were treated with 0.1-3 mM of MJ, and several experiments were employed. SETTING Laboratory study. PATIENTS(S) None. INTERVENTION(S) Methyl jasmonate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Protein expression of EZH2, β-catenin, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was measured by Western blot as well as gene expression alterations of Wnt ligands (Wnt5A, Wnt5b, and Wnt9A), WISP1, CTNNB1, and its responsive gene PITX2 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein and ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels of several markers were measured in MJ-treated or untreated HuLM cells, including EZH2 and β-catenin, extracellular matrix markers collagen type 1 (COL1A1) and fibronectin (FN), proliferation markers cyclin D1 (CCND1) and PCNA, tumor suppressor marker p21, and apoptotic markers (BAX, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase 3). RESULT(S) EZH2 overexpression significantly increased the gene expression of several Wnt ligands (PITX2, WISP1, WNT5A, WNT5B, and WNT9A), which increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin and PCNA and eventually HuLM cell proliferation. EZH2 inhibition blocked Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation where the aforementioned genes significantly decreased as well as PCNA, cyclin D1, and PITX2 protein expression compared with those in untreated HuLM. Methyl jasmonate showed a potent antiproliferative effect on HuLM cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, the dose range (0.1-0.5 mM) showed a selective growth inhibitory effect on HuLM cells, not on normal uterine smooth muscle cells. Methyl jasmonate treatment at 0.5 mM for 24 hours significantly decreased both protein and RNA levels of EZH2, β-catenin, COL1A1, FN, CCND1, PCNA, WISP1, and PITX2 but increased the protein levels of p21, BAX, cytochrome, c and cleaved caspase 3 compared with untreated HuLM. Methyl jasmonate-treated cells exhibited down-regulation in the RNA expression of 36 genes, including CTNNB1, CCND1, Wnt5A, Wnt5B, and Wnt9A, and up-regulation in the expression of 34 genes, including Wnt antagonist genes WIF1, PRICKlE1, and DKK1 compared with control, confirming the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results. CONCLUSION(S) Our studies provide a novel link between EZH2 and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in UFs. Targeting EZH2 with MJ interferes with the activation of wnt/β-catenin signaling in our model. Methyl jasmonate may offer a promising therapeutic option as a nonhormonal and cost-effective treatment against UFs with favorable clinical utility, pending proven safe and efficient in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - David Stone
- Department of hospital medicine, university of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado
| | - Archana Laknaur
- Division of Translation Research, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Finlay JB, Abi Hachem R, Jang DW, Osazuwa-Peters N, Goldstein BJ. Deconstructing Olfactory Epithelium Developmental Pathways in Olfactory Neuroblastoma. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:980-990. [PMID: 37377616 PMCID: PMC10243222 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare tumor arising from the olfactory cleft region of the nasal cavity. Because of the low incidence of this tumor, as well as an absence of established cell lines and murine models, understanding the mechanisms driving olfactory neuroblastoma pathobiology has been challenging. Here, we sought to apply advances from research on the human olfactory epithelial neurogenic niche, along with new biocomputational approaches, to better understand the cellular and molecular factors in low- and high-grade olfactory neuroblastoma and how specific transcriptomic markers may predict prognosis. We analyzed a total of 19 olfactory neuroblastoma samples with available bulk RNA-sequencing and survival data, along with 10 samples from normal olfactory epithelium. A bulk RNA-sequencing deconvolution model identified a significant increase in globose basal cell (GBC) and CD8 T-cell identities in high-grade tumors (GBC from ∼0% to 8%, CD8 T cell from 0.7% to 2.2%), and significant decreases in mature neuronal, Bowman's gland, and olfactory ensheathing programs, in high-grade tumors (mature neuronal from 3.7% to ∼0%, Bowman's gland from 18.6% to 10.5%, olfactory ensheathing from 3.4% to 1.1%). Trajectory analysis identified potential regulatory pathways in proliferative olfactory neuroblastoma cells, including PRC2, which was validated by immunofluorescence staining. Survival analysis guided by gene expression in bulk RNA-sequencing data identified favorable prognostic markers such as SOX9, S100B, and PLP1 expression. Significance Our analyses provide a basis for additional research on olfactory neuroblastoma management, as well as identification of potential new prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B. Finlay
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ralph Abi Hachem
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David W. Jang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bradley J. Goldstein
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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Fan K, Zhang BH, Han D, Sun YC. EZH2 as a prognostic-related biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma correlating with cell cycle and immune infiltrates. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:149. [PMID: 37069494 PMCID: PMC10111667 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS It has been observed that high levels of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) expression are associated with unsatisfactory prognoses and can be found in a wide range of malignancies. However, the effects of EZH2 on Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain elusive. Through the integration of bioinformatic analyses, the present paper sought to ascertain the effects of EZH2 in LUAD. METHODS The TIMER and UALCAN databases were applied to analyze mRNA and protein expression data for EZH2 in LUAD. The result of immunohistochemistry was obtained from the HPA database, and the survival curve was drawn according to the library provided by the HPA database. The LinkedOmics database was utilized to investigate the co-expressed genes and signal transduction pathways with EZH2. Up- and down-regulated genes from The Linked Omics database were introduced to the CMap database to predict potential drug targets for LUAD using the CMap database. The association between EZH2 and cancer-infiltrating immunocytes was studied through TIMER and TISIDB. In addition, this paper explores the relationship between EZH2 mRNA expression and NSCLC OS using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database to further validate and complement the research. Furthermore, the correlation between EZH2 expression and EGFR genes, KRAS genes, BRAF genes, and smoking from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database is analyzed. RESULTS In contrast to paracancer specimens, the mRNA and protein levels of EZH2 were higher in LUAD tissues. Significantly, high levels of EZH2 were associated with unsatisfactory prognoses in LUAD patients. Additionally, the coexpressed genes of EZH2 were predominantly associated with numerous cell growth-associated pathways, including the cell cycle, DNA replication, RNA transport, and the p53 signaling pathway, according to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. The results of TCGA database revealed that the expression of EZH2 was lower in normal tissues than in lung cancer tissues (p < 0.05). Smoking was associated with elevated EZH2 expression (p < 0.001). EZH2 was highly expressed in lung cancers with positive KRAS expression, and the correlation was significant in lung adenocarcinoma (r = 0.3129, p < 0.001). CMap was applied to determine the top 15 positively correlated drugs/molecules and the top 15 negatively correlated drugs/molecules. MK-1775, MK-5108, fenbendazole, albendazole, BAY-K8644, evodiamine, purvalanol-a, mycophenolic-acid, PHA-793887, and cyclopamine are potential drugs for patients with lung adenocarcinoma and high EZH2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Highly expressed EZH2 is a predictor of a suboptimal prognosis in LUAD and may serve as a prognostic marker and target gene for LUAD. The underlying cause may be associated with the synergistic effect of KRAS, immune cell infiltration, and metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine-Hebei Province, No. 31, Huanghe West Road, Yunhe District, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Bo-Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine-Hebei Province, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Deng Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100105, China
| | - Yun-Chuan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine-Hebei Province, No. 31, Huanghe West Road, Yunhe District, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China.
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EZH2: An Accomplice of Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020425. [PMID: 36672374 PMCID: PMC9856299 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Understanding the factors influencing the therapeutic effects in gastric cancer patients and the molecular mechanism behind gastric cancer is still facing challenges. In addition to genetic alterations and environmental factors, it has been demonstrated that epigenetic mechanisms can also induce the occurrence and progression of gastric cancer. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2), which trimethylates histone 3 at Lys-27 and regulates the expression of downstream target genes through epigenetic mechanisms. It has been found that EZH2 is overexpressed in the stomach, which promotes the progression of gastric cancer through multiple pathways. In addition, targeted inhibition of EZH2 expression can effectively delay the progression of gastric cancer and improve its resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Given the many effects of EZH2 in gastric cancer, there are no studies to comprehensively describe this mechanism. Therefore, in this review, we first introduce EZH2 and clarify the mechanisms of abnormal expression of EZH2 in cancer. Secondly, we summarize the role of EZH2 in gastric cancer, which includes the association of the EZH2 gene with genetic susceptibility to GC, the correlation of the EZH2 gene with gastric carcinogenesis and invasive metastasis, the resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs of gastric cancer mediated by EZH2 and the high expression of EZH2 leading to poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Finally, we also clarify some of the current statuses of drug development regarding targeted inhibition of EZH2/PRC2 activity.
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Carvalho de Oliveira J, Mathias C, Oliveira VC, Pezuk JA, Brassesco MS. The Double Face of miR-708: A Pan-Cancer Player with Dissociative Identity Disorder. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122375. [PMID: 36553642 PMCID: PMC9777992 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, accumulating evidence has shown tumor-dependent profiles of miR-708, being either up- or downregulated, and thus, acting as a "Janus" regulator of oncogenic pathways. Herein, its functional duality was assessed through a thorough review of the literature and further validation in silico using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. In the literature, miR-708 was found with an oncogenic role in eight tumor types, while a suppressor tumor role was described in seven cancers. This double profile was also found in TCGA and GEO databases, with some tumor types having a high expression of miR-708 and others with low expression compared with non-tumor counterparts. The investigation of validated targets using miRBase, miRTarBase, and miRecords platforms, identified a total of 572 genes that appeared enriched for PI3K-Akt signaling, followed by cell cycle control, p53, Apellin and Hippo signaling, endocrine resistance, focal adhesion, and cell senescence regulations, which are all recognized contributors of tumoral phenotypes. Among these targets, a set of 15 genes shared by at least two platforms was identified, most of which have important roles in cancer cells that influence either tumor suppression or progression. In a clinical scenario, miR-708 has shown to be a good diagnostic and prognosis marker. However, its multitarget nature and opposing roles in diverse human tumors, aligned with insufficient experimental data and the lack of proper delivery strategies, hamper its potential as a sequence-directed therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Mathias
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80060-000, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Verônica Cristina Oliveira
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, Pirituba 05145-200, Brazil
| | - Julia Alejandra Pezuk
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Innovation, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, Pirituba 05145-200, Brazil
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Biology Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Wu Y, Guo Y, Wang Q. USP21 accelerates the proliferation and glycolysis of esophageal cancer cells by regulating the STAT3/FOXO1 pathway. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Analysis of the correlation between Zeste enhancer homolog 2 (EZH2) mRNA expression and the prognosis of mesothelioma patients and immune infiltration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16583. [PMID: 36195655 PMCID: PMC9532413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma lies one of the most malignant tumors, in which the identification of the corresponding biomarkers is extremely critical. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of enhancer homolog 2 (EZH2) mRNA expression in mesothelioma patients accompanied with its immune infiltration analysis. Gene expression, clinical information and enrichment analysis were obtained based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the immune infiltration analysis and bioinformatics analysis were performed. Clinical information and gene expression were obtained from 86 patients with mesothelioma based on TCGA database. Survival analysis, GSEA enrichment analysis, and immune infiltration analysis of EZH2 expression were carried out using R (version 3.6.3) (statistical analysis and visualization). The correlation of EZH2 expression with immune cell infiltration in mesothelioma was analyzed according to the TIMER database (Fig. https://cistrome.shinyapps.io/timer/). A univariate and multivariate analysis of general data obtained from the TCGA database was performed, involving age, gender, stage, pathological type, and whether they had received radiotherapy, the results indicated the association of high expression of EZH2 with poor prognosis in mesothelioma patients, with the worse prognosis in the High group (HR = 2.75, 95% CI 1.68–4.52, P < 0.010). Moreover, ROC curves showed that EZH2 expression predicted 1-year survival with an AUC of 0.740, 2-year survival with an AUC of 0.756, and 3-year survival with an AUC of 0.692, suggesting a robust predictive effect of EZH2 expression on prognosis. KEGG pathway analysis indicated five pathways showing the strongest positive correlation with EZH2 expression: cell cycle, DNA replication, Cell adhesion molecules cams, Primary immuno deficiency, Tsate transduction, and five pathways showing the strongest negative correlation with EZH2 expression: Glycolysis gluconeogenesis, Drug metabolism, cytochrome P450, retinol metabolism, fatty acid metabolism ribosome. We investigated the correlation between EZH2 expression and the level of immune infiltration in mesothelioma tissues. The results indicated that EZH2 expression played a critical role in immune infiltration, of which the high expression was correlated with the reduced number of NK cells, Mast cells, and Th17 cells. Moreover, mesothelioma patients with high EZH2 expression differ from those with low EZH2 expression in their tumor immune microenvironment. EZH2, as a new prognostic biomarker for mesothelioma, contributes to elucidating how changes in the immune environment promote the development of mesothelioma. Further analysis, EZH2 may serve as a biological test to predict the prognosis of mesothelioma.
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SMYD3 regulates gastric cancer progression and macrophage polarization through EZH2 methylation. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 30:575-581. [PMID: 36127410 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SET and MYND domain-containing protein 3 (SMYD3), a known histone methyltransferase, was reported to regulate cancer pathogenesis. However, its role in gastric development and progression remains unclear. EZH2 methylation had been associated with cancer metastasis, but the EZH2 methylation status in gastric cancer (GC) is unknown. Here, we report that EZH2 K421 methylation was responsible for gastric cancer cell soft agar colony formation, in vivo metastasis, and macrophage polarization. Mechanically, we identified SMYD3 as the methyltransferase of EZH2 at K421 residue which accelerates EZH2 Ubiquitin proteasome degradation. Cell harboring non-methylated EZH2 mutants promotes gastric cancer cell metastasis. Taken together, our results showed that SMYD3-EZH2 axis restricts gastric cancer metastasis via integrating epigenetic signaling.
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Selective EZH2 inhibitor zld1039 alleviates inflammation in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury partially by enhancing RKIP and suppressing NF-κB p65 pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2067-2080. [PMID: 34937916 PMCID: PMC9343430 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is a histone lysine methyltransferase mediating trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3), which is a repressive marker at the transcriptional level. EZH2 sustains normal renal function and its overexpression has bad properties. Inhibition of EZH2 overexpression exerts protective effect against acute kidney injury (AKI). A small-molecule compound zld1039 has been developed as an efficient and selective EZH2 inhibitor. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of zld1039 in the treatment of cisplatin-induced AKI in mice. Before injection of cisplatin (20 mg/kg, i.p.), mice were administered zld1039 (100, 200 mg/kg, i.g.) once, then in the following 3 days. We found that cisplatin-treated mice displayed serious AKI symptoms, evidenced by kidney dysfunction and kidney histological injury, accompanied by EZH2 upregulation in the nucleus of renal tubular epithelial cells. Administration of zld1039 dose-dependently alleviated renal dysfunction as well as the histological injury, inflammation and cell apoptosis in cisplatin-treated mice. We revealed that zld1039 administration exerted an anti-inflammatory effect in kidney of cisplatin-treated mice via H3K27me3 inhibition, raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) upregulation and NF-κB p65 repression. In the cisplatin-treated mouse renal tubular epithelial (TCMK-1) cells, silencing of RKIP with siRNA did not abolish the anti-inflammatory effect of EZH2 inhibition, suggesting that RKIP was partially involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of zld1039. Collectively, EZH2 inhibition alleviates inflammation in cisplatin-induced mouse AKI via upregulating RKIP and blocking NF-κB p65 signaling in cisplatin-induced AKI. The potent and selective EZH2 inhibitor zld1039 has the potential as a promising agent for the treatment of AKI.
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Zeng J, Zhang J, Sun Y, Wang J, Ren C, Banerjee S, Ouyang L, Wang Y. Targeting EZH2 for cancer therapy: From current progress to novel strategies. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Dual-target inhibitors based on PARP1: new trend in the development of anticancer research. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:511-525. [PMID: 35257598 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP1 is a hot target, and its inhibitors have been approved for cancer therapy. However, some undesirable properties restrict the application of PARP1 inhibitors, including drug resistance, side effects and low efficiency. For multifactorial diseases, dual-target drugs have exhibited excellent synergistic effects, such as reduced drug resistance, low side effects and high therapeutic efficacy, by simultaneously regulating the main pathogenic and compensatory signal pathways of diseases. In recent years, several dual-target inhibitors based on PARP1 have been reported and have demonstrated unique advantages. In this review we summarize the research progress in dual-target inhibitors based on PARP1 and discuss the related drug design strategies and structure-activity relationships. This work is expected to provide references for the development of PARP1 inhibitors.
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Pomella S, Cassandri M, Braghini MR, Marampon F, Alisi A, Rota R. New Insights on the Nuclear Functions and Targeting of FAK in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041998. [PMID: 35216114 PMCID: PMC8874710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase over-expressed and activated in both adult and pediatric cancers, where it plays important roles in the regulation of pathogenesis and progression of the malignant phenotype. FAK exerts its functions in cancer by two different ways: a kinase activity in the cytoplasm, mainly dependent on the integrin signaling, and a scaffolding activity into the nucleus by networking with different gene expression regulators. For this reason, FAK has to be considered a target with high therapeutic values. Indeed, evidence suggests that FAK targeting could be effective, either alone or in combination, with other already available treatments. Here, we propose an overview of the novel insights about FAK’s structure and nuclear functions, with a special focus on the recent findings concerning the roles of this protein in cancer. Additionally, we provide a recent update on FAK inhibitors that are currently in clinical trials for patients with cancer, and discuss the challenge and future directions of drug-based anti-FAK targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pomella
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Matteo Cassandri
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (M.C.)
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Rita Braghini
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Alisi
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (R.R.); Tel.: +39-06-68592186 (A.A.); +39-06-68592648 (R.R.)
| | - Rossella Rota
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (R.R.); Tel.: +39-06-68592186 (A.A.); +39-06-68592648 (R.R.)
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Nanamori H, Sawada Y. Epigenetic Modification of PD-1/PD-L1-Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy against Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031119. [PMID: 35163049 PMCID: PMC8835029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the representative skin cancers with unfavorable clinical behavior. Immunotherapy is currently used for the treatment, and it dramatically improves clinical outcomes in patients with advanced malignant melanoma. On the other hand, not all these patients can obtain therapeutic efficacy. To overcome this limitation of current immunotherapy, epigenetic modification is a highlighted issue for clinicians. Epigenetic modification is involved in various physiological and pathological conditions in the skin. Recent studies identified that skin cancer, especially malignant melanoma, has advantages in tumor development, indicating that epigenetic manipulation for regulation of gene expression in the tumor can be expected to result in additional therapeutic efficacy during immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on the detailed molecular mechanism of epigenetic modification in immunotherapy, especially anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody treatment for malignant melanoma.
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Yang Z, Wei B, Qiao A, Yang P, Chen W, Zhen D, Qiu X. A novel EZH2/NXPH4/CDKN2A axis is involved in regulating the proliferation and migration of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 86:340-350. [PMID: 34919637 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
NXPH4 is discovered to be a neuropeptide-like glycoprotein, belonging to the Neurexophilins (Nxphs) family. NXPH4 shares a similar domain structure with NXPH1, which, however, is poorly understood in terms of its function. Bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification in this study confirmed the abnormal high expression of NXPH4 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and cells. Knockdown of NXPH4 by siRNA can inhibit the proliferation and migration of cells, resulting in significant cell cycle arrest in S1 phase. Furthermore, in NSCLC cells, NXPH4 was regulated by transcriptional activation of Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in its upstream. While downstream, NXPH4 could interact with CDKN2A and downregulate its protein stability, thus participating in the cell cycle regulation through interacting with cyclinD-CDK4/6-pRB-E2F signaling pathway. To sum up, the present study reveals a regulatory pathway of EZH2/NXPH4/CDKN2A in NSCLC, providing possible reference for understanding the function of NXPH4 in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Yang
- Department of thoracic surgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of thoracic surgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anbang Qiao
- Department of thoracic surgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Popo Yang
- Department of thoracic surgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Department of thoracic surgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dezhi Zhen
- Department of thoracic surgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojian Qiu
- Department of respiratory medicine, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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