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Yoon SA, Ham YM, Han SC, Hyun HB, Go B, Jung YH, Yoo ES, Yoon WJ. Immature Persimmon ( Diospyros kaki Thunb.) Ethanol Extract Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Modulating Lipid Metabolism. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:263-270. [PMID: 37842245 PMCID: PMC10567593 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.3.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, immature persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) ethanol extract was administered to an obese animal model fed a high-fat diet to measure weight change, adipose tissue weight, serum lipid level, and expression level of adipose-related genes to evaluate its efficacy. Administration of D. kaki ethanol extract (DKE) (100 and 500 mg/kg/d) decreased the body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, and serum triglyceride levels in mice fed a high-fat diet. Furthermore, it improved the leptin and adiponectin levels in the blood as well as gene expression in the liver. It also inhibited the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, inhibiting the production of triglyceride biosynthetic enzyme fatty acid synthesis and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and decreased the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins that induce adipocyte differentiation. Therefore, these data suggest that DKE exerts beneficial effects on high-fat diet-induced obesity by modulating lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-A Yoon
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju 63608, Korea
| | - Young-Min Ham
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju 63608, Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Han
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Ho Bong Hyun
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju 63608, Korea
| | - Boram Go
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju 63608, Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Jung
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju 63608, Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Yoo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Weon-Jong Yoon
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju 63608, Korea
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Matsumura Y, Kitabatake M, Kayano SI, Ito T. Dietary Phenolic Compounds: Their Health Benefits and Association with the Gut Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040880. [PMID: 37107256 PMCID: PMC10135282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress causes various diseases, such as type II diabetes and dyslipidemia, while antioxidants in foods may prevent a number of diseases and delay aging by exerting their effects in vivo. Phenolic compounds are phytochemicals such as flavonoids which consist of flavonols, flavones, flavanonols, flavanones, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, lignans, stilbenoids, curcuminoids, phenolic acids, and tannins. They have phenolic hydroxyl groups in their molecular structures. These compounds are present in most plants, are abundant in nature, and contribute to the bitterness and color of various foods. Dietary phenolic compounds, such as quercetin in onions and sesamin in sesame, exhibit antioxidant activity and help prevent cell aging and diseases. In addition, other kinds of compounds, such as tannins, have larger molecular weights, and many unexplained aspects still exist. The antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds may be beneficial for human health. On the other hand, metabolism by intestinal bacteria changes the structures of these compounds with antioxidant properties, and the resulting metabolites exert their effects in vivo. In recent years, it has become possible to analyze the composition of the intestinal microbiota. The augmentation of the intestinal microbiota by the intake of phenolic compounds has been implicated in disease prevention and symptom recovery. Furthermore, the “brain–gut axis”, which is a communication system between the gut microbiome and brain, is attracting increasing attention, and research has revealed that the gut microbiota and dietary phenolic compounds affect brain homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the usefulness of dietary phenolic compounds with antioxidant activities against some diseases, their biotransformation by the gut microbiota, the augmentation of the intestinal microflora, and their effects on the brain–gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsumura
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitabatake
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Kayano
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Takemori K, Akaho K, Iwase M, Okano M, Kometani T. Effects of Persimmon Fruit Polyphenols on Postprandial Plasma Glucose Elevation in Rats and Humans. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022; 68:331-341. [PMID: 36047105 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon is a fruit rich in polyphenols (proanthocyanidins or condensed tannins). Using rats and humans, the effects of Kaki-tannin (Nara-type), persimmon polyphenols prepared using a new method, on postprandial plasma glucose levels were investigated in this study. Kaki-tannin (Nara-type) comprised mainly proanthocyanidins, composed of epicatechin : epicatechin gallate : epigallocatechin : epigallocatechin gallate in a ratio of 1 : 1 : 2 : 2 with a molecular weight of approximately 8,000 Da, with epicatechin gallate as a terminal unit. These polyphenols inhibited amylolytic enzymes, such as α-amylase, maltase, sucrase, and α-glucosidase in vitro, and sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 in Caco-2 cells. These results suggested that the polyphenols suppressed digestion and absorption in the intestinal tract. The ingestion of 250 mg/kg body weight of the polyphenols significantly suppressed increased blood glucose levels after carbohydrate (2 g/kg body weight of glucose or maltose) loading in rats. In a human trial, 1.88 g of Kaki-tannin (Nara-type) significantly delayed increased plasma glucose levels after carbohydrate (150 kcal of maltooligosaccharides) loading. Thus, Kaki-tannin (Nara-type) holds promise to be developed as a food material that potentially improve blood glucose elevation after meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Takemori
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University.,Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | - Keisuke Akaho
- Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | - Mari Iwase
- Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | - Minami Okano
- Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | - Takashi Kometani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University.,Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
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Takemori K, Okano M, Shimeno A, Kometani T. Polyphenol composition analysis in 30 cultivars of persimmon fruits: comparison of polyphenols between cultivars in Japan, China, and Korea. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.fstr-d-22-00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Takemori
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | - Minami Okano
- Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | - Aoi Shimeno
- Nara Prefecture Agricultural Research and Development Center
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M. González C, Hernando I, Moraga G. In Vitro and In Vivo Digestion of Persimmon and Derived Products: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123083. [PMID: 34945634 PMCID: PMC8701093 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The link between nutrition and health has focused on the strategy of diet-based programs to deal with various physiological threats, such as cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress, and diabetes. Therefore, the consumption of fruits and vegetables as a safeguard for human health is increasingly important. Among fruits, the intake of persimmon is of great interest because several studies have associated its consumption with health benefits due to its high content of bioactive compounds, fiber, minerals, and vitamins. However, during digestion, some changes take place in persimmon nutritional compounds that condition their subsequent use by the human body. In vitro studies indicate different rates of recovery and bioaccessibility depending on the bioactive compound and the matrix in which they are found. In vivo studies show that the pharmacological application of persimmon or its functional components, such as proanthocyanidins, can help to prevent hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. Thus, persimmon and persimmon derived products have the potential to be a fruit recommended for diet therapy. This review aims to compile an updated review of the benefits of persimmon and its derived products, focusing on the in vitro and in vivo digestibility of the main nutrients and bioactive compounds.
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Direito R, Rocha J, Sepodes B, Eduardo-Figueira M. From Diospyros kaki L. (Persimmon) Phytochemical Profile and Health Impact to New Product Perspectives and Waste Valorization. Nutrients 2021; 13:3283. [PMID: 34579162 PMCID: PMC8465508 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) fruit's phytochemical profile includes carotenoids, proanthocyanidins, and gallic acid among other phenolic compounds and vitamins. A huge antioxidant potential is present given this richness in antioxidant compounds. These bioactive compounds impact on health benefits. The intersection of nutrition and sustainability, the key idea behind the EAT-Lancet Commission, which could improve human health and decrease the global impact of food-related health conditions such as cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and obesity, bring the discussion regarding persimmon beyond the health effects from its consumption, but also on the valorization of a very perishable food that spoils quickly. A broad option of edible products with better storage stability or solutions that apply persimmon and its byproducts in the reinvention of old products or even creating new products, or with new and better packaging for the preservation of food products with postharvest technologies to preserve and extend the shelf-life of persimmon food products. Facing a global food crisis and the climate emergency, new and better day-to-day solutions are needed right now. Therefore, the use of persimmon waste has also been discussed as a good solution to produce biofuel, eco-friendly alternative reductants for fabric dyes, green plant growth regulator, biodegradable and edible films for vegetable packaging, antimicrobial activity against foodborne methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus found in retail pork, anti-Helicobacter pylori agents from pedicel extracts, and persimmon pectin-based emulsifiers to prevent lipid peroxidation, among other solutions presented in the revised literature. It has become clear that the uses for persimmon go far beyond the kitchen table and the health impact consumption demonstrated over the years. The desired sustainable transition is already in progress, however, mechanistic studies and clinical trials are essential and scaling-up is fundamental to the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Direito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
| | - João Rocha
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health Technologies, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sepodes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health Technologies, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Eduardo-Figueira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
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Yoo SK, Kim JM, Lee U, Kang JY, Park SK, Han HJ, Park HW, Kim HJ, Kim CW, Kim MJ, Heo HJ. Immature Persimmon Suppresses Amyloid Beta (Aβ) Mediated Cognitive Dysfunction via Tau Pathology in ICR Mice. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:405-422. [PMID: 34205542 PMCID: PMC8928982 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study confirmed the ameliorating effect of immature persimmon (Diospyros kaki) ethanolic extract (IPEE) on neuronal cytotoxicity in amyloid beta (Aβ)1-42-induced ICR mice. The administration of IPEE ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction in Aβ1-42-induced mice by improving the spatial working memory, the short-term and long-term memory functions. IPEE protected the cerebral cholinergic system, such as the acetylcholine (ACh) level and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and antioxidant system, such as the superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction against Aβ1-42-induced toxicity was reduced by regulating the reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP contents. In addition, IPEE regulated the expression levels of tau signaling, such as TNF-α, p-JNK, p-Akt, p-GSK3β, p-tau, p-NF-κB, BAX and caspase 3. Finally, gallic acid, ellagic acid and quercetin 3-O-(6″-acetyl-glucoside) were identified as the physiological compounds of IPEE using ultra-performance liquid chromatography ion mobility separation quadrupole time-of-flight/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC IMS Q-TOF/MS2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Ki Yoo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-K.Y.); (J.-M.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (S.-K.P.); (H.-J.H.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-K.Y.); (J.-M.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (S.-K.P.); (H.-J.H.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Uk Lee
- Division of Special Forest Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Korea; (U.L.); (H.-W.P.); (C.-W.K.); (M.-J.K.)
| | - Jin-Yong Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-K.Y.); (J.-M.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (S.-K.P.); (H.-J.H.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Seon-Kyeong Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-K.Y.); (J.-M.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (S.-K.P.); (H.-J.H.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hye-Ju Han
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-K.Y.); (J.-M.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (S.-K.P.); (H.-J.H.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyo-Won Park
- Division of Special Forest Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Korea; (U.L.); (H.-W.P.); (C.-W.K.); (M.-J.K.)
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-K.Y.); (J.-M.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (S.-K.P.); (H.-J.H.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Chul-Woo Kim
- Division of Special Forest Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Korea; (U.L.); (H.-W.P.); (C.-W.K.); (M.-J.K.)
| | - Mahn-Jo Kim
- Division of Special Forest Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Korea; (U.L.); (H.-W.P.); (C.-W.K.); (M.-J.K.)
| | - Ho-Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-K.Y.); (J.-M.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (S.-K.P.); (H.-J.H.); (H.-J.K.)
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Persimmon-derived tannin ameliorates the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis in a murine model through inhibition of the inflammatory response and alteration of microbiota. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7286. [PMID: 33790314 PMCID: PMC8012611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) induced by dysregulation of the immune response in the intestinal mucosa. Although the underlying mechanisms of UC development are not fully understood, disruption of gut microbiota, “dysbiosis”, is thought to lead to the development of IBD. Persimmon (Ebenaceae Diospyros kaki Thunb.)-derived tannin, which is a condensed polymeric tannin consisting of catechin groups, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. In this study, we assessed the effect of persimmon-derived tannin on a murine model of UC established by dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in female mice. Dietary supplementation of tannin significantly decreased disease activity and colon inflammation. A hydrolysate of tannin directly suppressed expression of inflammatory genes in macrophages in vitro. In faecal microbiota, the relative abundance of Bacteroides was increased significantly by tannin supplementation. Alpha-diversity indices in colitis-induced mice were significantly higher in the tannin diet group compared with the control diet group. Additionally, expansion of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus, which is associated with disease progression of IBD, was remarkably suppressed in the tannin diet group. These results suggest that persimmon-derived tannin ameliorates colon inflammation in UC through alteration of the microbiota composition and immune response, which may be a promising candidate for IBD therapy.
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Nishida S, Katsumi N, Matsumoto K. Prevention of the rise in plasma cholesterol and glucose levels by kaki-tannin and characterization of its bile acid binding capacity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2117-2124. [PMID: 32981084 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile acid-binding agents, such as cholestyramine and colesevelam, improve both cholesterol and glucose metabolism. Kaki-tannin, a polymerized condensed tannin derived from persimmon (Diospyros kaki), has been shown to have bile acid-binding capacity and a hypocholesterolemic effect. However, its effects on glucose metabolism have not been well studied, and the binding selectivity of kaki-tannin to bile acid molecules has not been reported. RESULTS In vivo experiments using mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity showed that kaki-tannin intake (20 g kg-1 of the diet) increased fecal bile acid excretion by 2.3-fold and prevented a rise in plasma cholesterol levels and fasting plasma glucose levels. Kaki-tannin also suppressed the development of impaired glucose tolerance. To characterize the bile acid-binding capacity of kaki-tannin, we investigated its capacity to bind to eight types of bile acid and cholesterol in vitro. Kaki-tannin showed strong capacity to bind to lithocholic acid (85.5%), which has one hydroxy group. It also showed moderate capacity to bind to bile acids with two hydroxy groups (53.3%), followed by those with three hydroxy groups (39.0%), but kaki-tannin did not show binding capacity to cholesterol. These results suggest that the binding capacity of kaki-tannin to bile acids tends to decrease as the number of hydroxy groups increases. Interestingly, the binding capacity of kaki-tannin correlated with that of cholestyramine (correlation coefficient: r = 0.900). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that kaki-tannin binds preferentially to bile acids with fewer hydroxy groups and has beneficial effects on glucose metabolism as well as cholesterol metabolism. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Nishida
- Department of Food Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
| | - Naoya Katsumi
- Department of Environmental Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Food Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
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Kim MY, Shin MR, Seo BI, Noh JS, Roh SS. Young Persimmon Fruit Extract Suppresses Obesity by Modulating Lipid Metabolism in White Adipose Tissue of Obese Mice. J Med Food 2020; 23:273-280. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yeong Kim
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi-Rae Shin
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bu-Il Seo
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong Sook Noh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Tongmyong University, Busan, Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
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Phytosomes with Persimmon ( Diospyros kaki L.) Extract: Preparation and Preliminary Demonstration of In Vivo Tolerability. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11060296. [PMID: 31234548 PMCID: PMC6630258 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.), a fruit rich in phenolic compounds (PCs), has been considered effective in mitigating oxidative damage induced by an excess of reactive oxygen species. Due to large molecular weight and intrinsic instability in some physiological fluids, PCs’ passage through biological membranes is very limited. Carriers like phytosomes are promising systems to optimize oral absorption of encapsulated extracts. This work prepared and fully characterized phytosomes containing bioactive phenolic extracts from persimmon in terms of size, surface charge, encapsulation efficiency and stability over six months. These phytosomes were orally dosed to Wistar rats during a 15-day period. Afterwards, haematological and biochemical analyses were performed. Monodisperse phytosomes were successfully prepared, with size less than 300nm (PI < 0.3) and high encapsulation efficiency (97.4%) of PCs. In contrast to free extract, extract-loaded phytosomes had higher antioxidant activity after 6 months storage. Oral administration of extract-loaded phytosomes and free extract did not lead to lipidic profile changes and were within referenced normal ranges, as well as glycaemia levels and urine parameters. The results highlighted the potential of persimmon PCs as food supplements or pharmacological tools, suggesting a promising and safe phytosomal formulation containing bioactive agents of persimmon that could lead to health benefits.
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Dalvi LT, Moreira DC, Alonso A, de Avellar IG, Hermes-Lima M. Antioxidant activity and mechanism of commercial Rama Forte persimmon fruits ( Diospyros kaki). PeerJ 2018; 6:e5223. [PMID: 30065860 PMCID: PMC6064204 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the antioxidant properties of Rama Forte persimmon, a tannin-rich fruit variety produced in Brazil. Extracts prepared with lyophilized pulps from fruits obtained in local markets were analyzed individually to evaluate the extent of antioxidant protection and investigate the antioxidant mechanism. Iron-mediated hydroxylation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pirrolidine-N-oxide, determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and oxidative degradation of 2-deoxyribose (2-DR) were inhibited by fruit extracts in a dose-dependent manner. There was a considerable individual variability in inhibition of 2-DR degradation by individual fruits. Higher protection of 2-DR degradation (by the extracts) was observed in Fe(III)-citrate/ascorbate in comparison with Fe(III)-EDTA/ascorbate system; however, antioxidant effectiveness of fruit extracts was not diminished by increasing EDTA concentration by 10-fold. Other competition experiments using the 2-DR assay (varying pre-incubation time and 2-DR concentration) indicated that protection comes mainly from free radical scavenging, rather that metal chelation antioxidant activity. Persimmon extracts prevented iron-mediated lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenates, which correlated significantly with the inhibition of 2-DR oxidation. Finally, sugar content of individual fruits correlated inversely with inhibition of 2-DR degradation, which could indicate that maturation decreases soluble antioxidant concentration or efficiency. In conclusion, lipid peroxidation, 2-DR and EPR experiments indicated that extracts from commercial fruits showed mainly radical-scavenger activity and relevant antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana T. Dalvi
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Daniel C. Moreira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Antonio Alonso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Isa G.J. de Avellar
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Hermes-Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Martínez-Las Heras R, Landines EF, Heredia A, Castelló ML, Andrés A. Influence of drying process and particle size of persimmon fibre on its physicochemical, antioxidant, hydration and emulsifying properties. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:2902-2912. [PMID: 28928530 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Persimmon, given its current surplus production, could be an alternative source for the extraction of certain interesting ingredients for the food industry and human health, such as fibre. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyse the influence of hot air and freeze-drying, as well as the particle size of fibre extracted from persimmon peels or pulp on their physicochemical, antioxidant, hydration and emulsifying properties, compared to commercial fibres (from peach, lemon, orange and apple). The results showed that both freeze-dried persimmon pulp and freeze-dried peel had better hydration properties and oil holding capacity than other fibres analysed, although the swelling capacity was higher for lemon fibre. Freeze-dried persimmon peel fibre showed higher values of emulsion stability than commercial fibres. Finally, the antioxidant activity of the smallest sized persimmon peel fibre obtained by freeze-drying was higher than that for lemon, orange and peach fibre.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Martínez-Las Heras
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, P.O. Box 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - E F Landines
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, P.O. Box 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Heredia
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, P.O. Box 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M L Castelló
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, P.O. Box 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Andrés
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, P.O. Box 46022, Valencia, Spain
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Dietary cholesterol-induced transcriptome differences in the intestine, hepatopancreas, and muscle of Oriental River prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2017; 23:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Matsumura Y, Kitabatake M, Ouji-Sageshima N, Yasui S, Mochida N, Nakano R, Kasahara K, Tomoda K, Yano H, Kayano SI, Ito T. Persimmon-derived tannin has bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory activity in a murine model of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183489. [PMID: 28827842 PMCID: PMC5565117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), including Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), cause opportunistic chronic pulmonary infections. Notably, MAC susceptibility is regulated by various factors, including the host immune system. Persimmon (Ebenaceae Diospyros kaki Thunb.) tannin is a condensed tannin composed of a polymer of catechin groups. It is well known that condensed tannins have high antioxidant activity and bacteriostatic properties. However, it is hypothesized that condensed tannins might need to be digested and/or fermented into smaller molecules in vivo prior to being absorbed into the body to perform beneficial functions. In this study, we evaluated the effects of soluble persimmon-derived tannins on opportunistic MAC disease. Soluble tannins were hydrolyzed and evaluated by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method. The ORAC value of soluble tannin hydrolysate was approximately five times greater than that of soluble tannin powder. In addition, soluble tannin hydrolysate exhibited high bacteriostatic activity against MAC in vitro. Furthermore, in an in vivo study, MAC infected mice fed a soluble tannin-containing diet showed significantly higher anti-bacterial activity against MAC and less pulmonary granuloma formation compared with those fed a control diet. Tumor necrosis factor α and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels were significantly lower in lungs of the soluble tannin diet group compared with the control diet group. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines induced by MAC stimulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages were significantly decreased by addition of soluble tannin hydrolysate. These data suggest that soluble tannin from persimmons might attenuate the pathogenesis of pulmonary NTM infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsumura
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan
| | | | | | - Satsuki Yasui
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Naoko Mochida
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kei Kasahara
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Koichi Tomoda
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Yano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Kayano
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Lee SM, Kim IH, Choi YM. Effects of persimmon peel supplementation on pork quality, palatability, fatty acid composition, and cholesterol level. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 58:32. [PMID: 27551433 PMCID: PMC4992998 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-016-0114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of persimmon peel (PPM) supplementation on carcass performance, pork quality, eating quality, fatty acid composition, and cholesterol concentration of the porcine longissimus dorsi muscle. RESULTS No adverse effects of PPM supplementation were observed on carcass and meat quality characteristics among the treatment groups (P > 0.05), whereas pork loins from pigs fed a diet supplemented with 0.9 % persimmon peel (T3) showed more tender meat than did pork loins from pigs fed a control diet (P < 0.01), even though no significant difference was observed between the control and T1 group. The T3 group had higher ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids relative to saturated fatty acids (0.33 vs. 0.28, P < 0.05) and lower total cholesterol concentration (94.4 vs. 99.1 mg/g, P < 0.05) compared to the control group. Persimmon peel appeared to have beneficial effects on fatty acid composition and cholesterol concentration, probably leading to a hypocholesterolemic effect. CONCLUSIONS Animal diets fortified with persimmon peel represents an efficient and useful method for improving the nutritional quality of pork without impairing growth performance and eating quality properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Moo Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224 Korea
| | | | - Young Min Choi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224 Korea
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Ge Z, Zhu W, Peng J, Deng X, Li C. Persimmon tannin regulates the expression of genes critical for cholesterol absorption and cholesterol efflux by LXRα independent pathway. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Matsumura Y, Ito T, Yano H, Kita E, Mikasa K, Okada M, Furutani A, Murono Y, Shibata M, Nishii Y, Kayano SI. Antioxidant potential in non-extractable fractions of dried persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). Food Chem 2016; 202:99-103. [PMID: 26920271 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dried fruits of persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) are a traditional food in Japan and contain large quantities of tannins. In this study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potentials of non-extractable fractions from dried persimmons. Hydrolysed non-extractable fractions showed the highest antioxidant activities in vitro. In subsequent experiments, the plasma oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values in rats supplemented with a 5% non-extractable fraction were approximately 1.5times higher than those in control rats after 1week in vivo. Furthermore, using an in vitro model of the gastrointestinal tract, the ORAC values of the non-extractable fraction were significantly increased with colonic fermentation in the large bowel stage. These data indicate that non-extractable fractions may possess significant antioxidant potential in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsumura
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan; Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara-City, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara-City, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Yano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara-City, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Eiji Kita
- Nara City Hospital, 1-50-1 Higashikidera, Nara-City, Nara 630-8305, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mikasa
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara-City, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Okada
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Azusa Furutani
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Yuka Murono
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Shibata
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Yasue Nishii
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kayano
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan.
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Butt MS, Sultan MT, Aziz M, Naz A, Ahmed W, Kumar N, Imran M. Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) fruit: hidden phytochemicals and health claims. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:542-61. [PMID: 27047315 PMCID: PMC4817420 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Currently, nutrition and health linkages focused on emerging strategy of diet based regimen to combat various physiological threats including cardiovascular disorders, oxidative stress, diabetes mellitus, etc. In this context, consumption of fruits and vegetables is gaining considerable importance as safeguard to maintain human health. Likewise, their phytochemicals and bioactive molecules are also becoming popular as promising demulcent against various ailments. The current review is an effort to sum up information regarding persimmon fruit with special reference to its phytochemistry and associated health claims. Accordingly, the role of its certain bioactive molecules like proanthocyanidin, carotenoids, tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanidin, catechin, etc. is highlighted. Owing to rich phytochemistry, persimmon and its products are considered effective in mitigating oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The antioxidant potential is too responsible for anti-malignant and anti-melanogenic perspectives of persimmon functional ingredients. Additionally, they are effectual in soothing lifestyle related disparities e.g. cardiovascular disorders and diabetes mellitus. There are proven facts that pharmacological application of persimmon or its functional ingredients like proanthocyanidin may helps against hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. Nevertheless, astringent taste and diospyrobezoars formation are creating lacuna to prop up its vitality. In toto, persimmon and its components hold potential as one of effective modules in diet based therapy; however, integrated research and meta-analysis are still required to enhance meticulousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Sadiq Butt
- National Institute of Food Science & and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Tauseef Sultan
- Department of Food Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Aziz
- National Institute of Food Science & and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Naz
- Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- National Institute of Food Science & and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
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Youn UY, Choi SY, Kim SK, Kim J, Kwak YS, Lee SC. Antioxidant activity of water extracts of persimmon flower buds. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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22
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Zou B, Ge ZZ, Zhang Y, Du J, Xu Z, Li CM. Persimmon Tannin accounts for hypolipidemic effects of persimmon through activating of AMPK and suppressing NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses in High-Fat Diet Rats. Food Funct 2014; 5:1536-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60635j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High molecular weight persimmon tannin is a central component accounting for the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of consuming persimmon fruits via AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zou
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen-zhen Ge
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Du
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan, China
| | - Ze Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-mei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University)
- Ministry of Education
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Omidizadeh A, Yusof RM, Roohinejad S, Ismail A, Abu Bakar MZ, El-Din A. Bekhit A. Anti-diabetic activity of red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruit. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10789f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-diabetic activity of red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Omidizadeh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- , Malaysia
| | - Rokiah Mohd Yusof
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- , Malaysia
| | - Shahin Roohinejad
- Department of Food Science
- University of Otago
- Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Amin Ismail
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- , Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zuki Abu Bakar
- Department of Anatomy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- , Malaysia
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MATSUMOTO K, TAKEKAWA K. Comparison of the Effects of Three Persimmon Cultivars on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2014; 60:340-7. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.60.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Son JE, Hwang MK, Lee E, Seo SG, Kim JE, Jung SK, Kim JR, Ahn GH, Lee KW, Lee HJ. Persimmon peel extract attenuates PDGF-BB-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell migration and invasion through inhibition of c-Src activity. Food Chem 2013; 141:3309-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Effect of lycopene from Chlorella marina on high cholesterol-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2013; 22:45-54. [PMID: 23887896 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-013-0178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Even though the role of all-trans lycopene from tomato in controlling atherosclerosis was reported, but no report is available on the cis-isomer of lycopene obtained from an easily available source green algae Chlorella marina. So in this study, Sprague Dawley rats fed with high-cholesterol diet were given standard drug lovastatin; algal lycopene (AL) (cis/all-trans 40:60) and tomato all-trans lycopene (TL) and the following parameters were studied. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides were decreased significantly and the high-density lipoprotein levels were increased on treatment with AL. The activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were found to be increased, whereas thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were decreased in AL when compared to the drug and TL-treated rats. The activities of inflammatory marker enzymes like cyclooxygenase, 15-lipoxygenase in monocytes and myeloperoxidase, C-reactive protein and ceruloplasmin levels in serum were found to be decreased on treatment with AL. Histopathological studies revealed that lycopene from this alga could reduce fatty liver and aortic plaque when compared to the drug and TL. Algal lycopene showed very significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect in high-cholesterol fed rats. Therefore, AL from C. marina would be recommended for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Leontowicz M, Jesion I, Leontowicz H, Park YS, Namiesnik J, Rombolà AD, Weisz M, Gorinstein S. Health-promoting effects of ethylene-treated kiwifruit 'Hayward' from conventional and organic crops in rats fed an atherogenic diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3661-3668. [PMID: 23566063 DOI: 10.1021/jf400165k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruit is a subtropical fruit that is very popular among consumers. Kiwifruit 'Hayward' ( Actinidia deliciosa C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson) is an important source of bioactive compounds and possesses high antioxidant capacity, but its value can be changed during ripening. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of total polyphenols (TP), ascorbic acid (AA), and total antioxidant capacities (TACs) of ethylene-treated and nontreated kiwifruits 'Hayward' from conventional and organic farming. The influence of these fruits on lipid profile, TAC, and liver enzymes in plasma of rats fed diets with cholesterol was studied. Ethylene treatment shortened the ripening of kiwifruits. Ethylene-treated kiwifruits from organic farming (OHE) have the highest contents of TP and TAC. The experiment in vivo was performed during 33 days on male Wistar rats (111 ± 5 g), divided into six groups: one without cholesterol, control (C), and five groups with 1% of cholesterol (Chol). Four groups with cholesterol were supplemented with 5% of lyophilized kiwifruits: ethylene treated, organic (Chol/OHE) or conventional (Chol/CHE); and untreated, organic (Chol/OHC) or conventional (Chol/CHC). Cholesterol diets supplemented with kiwifruit influenced the palatability and feed intake, body gain, and FER. Diets containing kiwifruits significantly influenced the decrease of TG (61%), TC (29%), LDL-C (38%), atherogenic index TC/HDL-C (25%), and atherogenic index (AI, 32%), without differences between treatments. A significant increase of TAC in plasma of rats fed kiwifruit was obtained by DPPH (18%), FRAP (55%), and ABTS (55%). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in serum was significantly lower for all groups with kiwifruit supplementation. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was lower only in diet groups supplemented with conventional fruits in comparison with the cholesterol group. Glucose levels were higher in groups with kiwifruit supplementation than in C and Chol groups. Supplementation of Chol groups with organic kiwifruits influenced the prothrombin index and significantly decreased the amount of platelets (PLT) in blood. In conclusion, studied kiwifruit 'Hayward' can be a very good ingredient of the diet, especially for patients suffering from hypercholesterolemia and with other cardiovascular diseases, but not for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Leontowicz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland.
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Khayat Nouri MH, Namvaran Abbas Abad A. Comparative study of tomato and tomato paste supplementation on the level of serum lipids and lipoproteins levels in rats fed with high cholesterol. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2013; 15:287-91. [PMID: 24082999 PMCID: PMC3785900 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolemia is one of the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. Increased blood cholesterol affects general health and increases mortality due to cardiovascular disease. Poor nutrition increases LDL cholesterol and decreases LDL receptor activities in the liver. Scientists have shown that consumption of antioxidants can reduce hypercholesterolemia and proved benefits of fruit and vegetables. Tomato reduces oxidative stress by increasing serum total antioxidant level. OBJECTIVES This study compared the tomato and tomato paste supplementation on the level of serum lipids and lipoproteins in rats fed with high cholesterol. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, four male rat groups (10 rats per group) were used. Control group received basal diet, second group received basal diet and 2% cholesterol (Chol), third and fourth groups received basal diet, 2% cholesterol tomato and tomato paste respectively (20 percent of the diet) for a month. Then serum TC, LDL, HDL and TG were measured. RESULTS Results showed that in Chol group, all lipids increased significantly (P < 0.05) except HDL compared to the control group. Tomato and tomato paste supplementation decreased TC, LDL and TG concentration significantly (P < 0.05) compared to Chol group. Tomato paste had the higher effect on lipids decreasing than tomato. CONCLUSIONS Decreases of TC, LDL and TG may be related to tomato antioxidant effect. This course in human required more investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Hadi Khayat Nouri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mir Hadi Khayat Nouri, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9143005855, Fax: +98-4116372274, E-mail:
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Apak R, Gorinstein S, Böhm V, Schaich KM, Özyürek M, Güçlü K. Methods of measurement and evaluation of natural antioxidant capacity/activity (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-rep-12-07-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemical diversity of natural antioxidants (AOXs) makes it difficult to
separate, detect, and quantify individual antioxidants from a complex
food/biological matrix. Moreover, the total antioxidant power is often more
meaningful to evaluate health beneficial effects because of the cooperative
action of individual antioxidant species. Currently, there is no single
antioxidant assay for food labeling because of the lack of standard
quantification methods. Antioxidant assays may be broadly classified as the
electron transfer (ET)- and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)-based assays. The
results obtained are hardly comparable because of the different mechanisms,
redox potentials, pH and solvent dependencies, etc. of various assays. This
project will aid the identification and quantification of properties and mutual
effects of antioxidants, bring a more rational basis to the classification of
antioxidant assays with their constraints and challenges, and make the results
more comparable and understandable. In this regard, the task group members
convey their own experiences in various methods of antioxidants measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reşat Apak
- 1Department of Chemistry, İstanbul University, Faculty of Engineering, Avcılar, 34320 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Shela Gorinstein
- 2The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Volker Böhm
- 3Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 25-29, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Karen M. Schaich
- 4Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA
| | - Mustafa Özyürek
- 1Department of Chemistry, İstanbul University, Faculty of Engineering, Avcılar, 34320 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Güçlü
- 1Department of Chemistry, İstanbul University, Faculty of Engineering, Avcılar, 34320 İstanbul, Turkey
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30
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Takekawa K, Matsumoto K. Water-insoluble condensed tannins content of young persimmon fruits-derived crude fibre relates to its bile acid-binding ability. Nat Prod Res 2012; 26:2255-8. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2011.650640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Gato N, Kadowaki A, Hashimoto N, Yokoyama SI, Matsumoto K. Persimmon fruit tannin-rich fiber reduces cholesterol levels in humans. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2012; 62:1-6. [PMID: 23171573 DOI: 10.1159/000343787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid-binding agents are known to lower blood cholesterol levels and have been clinically used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. We previously showed that tannin-rich fiber from young persimmon (Diospyros kaki) fruits had bile acid-binding properties. In this study, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effects of tannin-rich fiber in humans. The subjects (n = 40, plasma total cholesterol levels 180-259 mg/dl) were divided into 3 groups and ingested cookie bars containing 0 g (placebo group, n = 14), 3 g (low-dose group, n = 13), or 5 g (high-dose group, n = 13) of tannin-rich fiber 3 times daily before meals for 12 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol levels decreased significantly in the low-dose (12 weeks, p < 0.005) and high-dose (6 weeks, p < 0.05; 12 weeks, p < 0.001) groups. In addition, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased significantly in the high-dose group (6 weeks, p < 0.05; 12 weeks, p < 0.001). These improvements were not accompanied by changes in plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or plasma triglyceride levels. Our findings indicate that tannin-rich fiber from young persimmon fruits is a useful food material for treating hypercholesterolemia.
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High molecular weight persimmon tannin is a potent hypolipidemic in high-cholesterol diet fed rats. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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The basic antioxidant structure for flavonoid derivatives. J Mol Model 2012; 18:4073-80. [PMID: 22527272 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An antioxidant structure-activity study is carried out in this work with ten flavonoid compounds using quantum chemistry calculations with the functional of density theory method. According to the geometry obtained by using the B3LYP/6-31G(d) method, the HOMO, ionization potential, stabilization energies, and spin density distribution showed that the flavonol is the more antioxidant nucleus. The spin density contribution is determinant for the stability of the free radical. The number of resonance structures is related to the π-type electron system. 3-hydroxyflavone is the basic antioxidant structure for the simplified flavonoids studied here. The electron abstraction is more favored in the molecules where ether group and 3-hydroxyl are present, nonetheless 2,3-double bond and carbonyl moiety are facultative.
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Matsumoto K, Yokoyama SI. Induction of uncoupling protein-1 and -3 in brown adipose tissue by kaki-tannin in type 2 diabetic NSY/Hos mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:184-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Xiang J, Zhu W, Li Z, Ling S. Effect of juice and fermented vinegar from Hovenia dulcis peduncles on chronically alcohol-induced liver damage in mice. Food Funct 2012; 3:628-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fo10266h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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You DH, Lee SC. Antioxidative Properties of Different Solvent Extracts from Persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu) Flower-Buds. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2011.16.4.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Selected primary and secondary metabolites in fresh persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.): A review of analytical methods and current knowledge of fruit composition and health benefits. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dembitsky VM, Poovarodom S, Leontowicz H, Leontowicz M, Vearasilp S, Trakhtenberg S, Gorinstein S. The multiple nutrition properties of some exotic fruits: Biological activity and active metabolites. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Suh JH, Virsolvy A, Goux A, Cassan C, Richard S, Cristol JP, Teissèdre PL, Rouanet JM. Polyphenols prevent lipid abnormalities and arterial dysfunction in hamsters on a high-fat diet: a comparative study of red grape and white persimmon wines. Food Funct 2011; 2:555-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c1fo10066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gorinstein S, Leontowicz H, Leontowicz M, Jesion I, Namiesnik J, Drzewiecki J, Park YS, Ham KS, Giordani E, Trakhtenberg S. Influence of two cultivars of persimmon on atherosclerosis indices in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets: Investigation in vitro and in vivo. Nutrition 2010; 27:838-46. [PMID: 21167683 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of two persimmon cultivars on some atherosclerosis indices in rats fed cholesterol (Chol)-containing diets. METHODS Persimmon cultivars "Fuyu" and "Jiro" as supplementation to rats' diets were investigated in vitro to compare the contents of their bioactive compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, flavanols, tannins, carotenoids, and ascorbic acid) and antioxidant potentials. In the in vivo investigation, 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six diet groups, each with six rats: control, control/Fuyu, control/Jiro, Chol, Chol/Fuyu, and Chol/Jiro. During a period of 47 d (42 d of feeding and 5-d adaptation before the experiment) of the trial, rats in the control group were fed a basal diet and two additional control groups (control/Fuyu and control/Jiro) a basal diet plus 5% of lyophilized Fuyu and Jiro, respectively. The Chol, Chol/Fuyu, and Chol/Jiro rat groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1% Chol (Chol group) and 1% Chol plus 5% lyophilized Fuyu (Chol/Fuyu group) and plus 5% lyophilized Jiro (Chol/Jiro group), respectively. After completion of the experiment, the rats were anesthetized using Narcotan (halothane) and sacrificed and the atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta were assessed. The obtained results of the investigation of all six groups were compared. Testing of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol in the liver, electrophoretic patterns of liver tissue, and three-dimensional fluorescence of serum protein fractions was performed. RESULTS The polyphenols and tannins were significantly higher in the Fuyu cultivar (P<0.05). The antioxidant potential of persimmon Fuyu was higher than in the Jiro cultivar, but the difference was significant only according to the 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay (P<0.05). Supplementation of diets with 5% of the lyophilized Fuyu and Jiro hindered the increase in plasma lipids versus the Chol group (total cholesterol 19.4% and 9.5%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 25.6% and 13.1%, respectively, P<0.05) and hindered the decrease in plasma antioxidant activity versus the Chol group by 40.0% and 16.8% and by 39.6% and 11.3% for the ABTS and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assays, respectively. The atherosclerotic lesions in the aortas of the Chol/Fuyu and Chol/Jiro groups were significantly less than in the Chol group (P<0.05). Electrophoresis of the proteins from rats' liver tissue showed changes in 14-kDa bands after persimmon supplementation. A shift in maximum wavelengths in three-dimensional fluorescence of serum protein fractions after persimmon supplementation was found in comparison with the control group and an increase in fluorescence intensity compared with the Chol groups. CONCLUSION The contents of polyphenols and tannins were significantly higher in the Fuyu cultivar (P<0.05). The antioxidant potentials of Fuyu were higher than those of the Jiro cultivar, but the difference was significant only according to the ABTS assay (P<0.05). Supplementation of 5% lyophilized Fuyu and Jiro to diets of rats fed Chol-containing diets 1) hindered the increase in plasma lipids levels and the decrease in plasma antioxidant activity and 2) significantly decreased the atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta (P<0.05). Electrophoretic patterns of liver tissue and fluorescence spectra can be used as additional biomarkers for determination of atherosclerosis indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shela Gorinstein
- The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Akter MS, Ahmed M, Eun JB. Dietary fibre components, antioxidant activities and hydration properties of ripe persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Daebong) peel powders as affected by different washing treatments. Int J Food Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02288.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Akter MS, Ahmed M, Eun JB. Effect of blanching and drying temperatures on the physicochemical characteristics, dietary fiber composition and antioxidant-related parameters of dried persimmons peel powder. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2010; 61:702-12. [DOI: 10.3109/09637481003757852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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44
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Moon YJ, Choi DS, Oh SH, Song YS, Cha YS. Effects of persimmon-vinegar on lipid and carnitine profiles in mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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45
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Matsumoto K, Yokoyama SI, Gato N. Bile acid-binding activity of young persimmon (Diospyros kaki) fruit and its hypolipidemic effect in mice. Phytother Res 2010; 24:205-10. [PMID: 19585467 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The hypolipidemic effects and bile acid-binding properties of young persimmon (Diospyros kaki) fruit were examined. In an animal experiment, male C57BL/6.Cr mice (n = 5) were fed an AIN-76-modified high fat diet supplemented with 2% or 5% (w/w) dried young persimmon fruit (YP) for 10 weeks. The intake of YP significantly enhanced fecal bile acid excretion and lowered the concentration of hepatic lipids and plasma cholesterol. Analysis of gene expression in liver tissue showed that 2% or 5% YP up-regulated the expression of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 gene. In the 5% group, there were increased expressions of the genes for cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase and the low-density lipoprotein receptor. Next, the bile acid-binding ability of YP was analysed in vitro using cholic acid (CA). In 100-2000 microM CA solutions, 1% (w/v) YP adsorbed approximately 60% of CA, while dried mature persimmon fruit adsorbed approximately 20% of CA. The positive control, cholestyramine, adsorbed approximately 80% of CA in the 100-2000 microM CA solutions. A crude tannin extract from YP, which contained 54.7% condensed tannins, adsorbed approximately 78% of CA in the 2000 microM CA solutions. These results suggest that the ability of YP to bind bile acid contributes to its hypolipidemic effect in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Gifu Prefectural Research Institute for Bioengineering, Minokamo, Gifu, Japan.
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Zhang Y, Lu X, Zhang Y, Qin L, Zhang J. Sulfated modification and immunomodulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides derived from fresh Chinese persimmon fruit. Int J Biol Macromol 2010; 46:67-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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47
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Jung ST, Park YS, Zachwieja Z, Folta M, Barton H, Piotrowicz J, Katrich E, Trakhtenberg S, Gorinstein S. Some essential phytochemicals and the antioxidant potential in fresh and dried persimmon. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 56:105-13. [PMID: 16019320 DOI: 10.1080/09637480500081571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fresh persimmon contains high quantities of bioactive compounds, but is only available in the autumn and winter months. The aim of this investigation was to compare fresh and dried persimmon in order to determine whether the latter could be a substitute for fresh fruit. It was found that the contents of dietary fibers and trace elements in fresh and equivalent quantities of dried fruits were comparable. The content of total polyphenols in fresh persimmon was higher than in dried fruit, but not significantly (P > 0.05). Also the antioxidant potential in fresh persimmon as determined by all three used tests was higher than in dried fruit, but not significantly (P > 0.05). The methanol extracts of fresh and dried persimmon using the ss-carotene-linoleate model system have shown 91% and 88% of antioxidant activity at 50?microl, respectively. Radical scavenging activity with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method has shown 88% and 84% for the same extracts and the nitric oxide test showed similar results. The best correlation was found between polyphenols, ss-carotene, DPPH and nitric oxide values (R(2) ranges between 0.9535 and 0.9934). In conclusion, both fresh and dried persimmon possess high contents of bioactive compounds and have a high antioxidant potential. When fresh fruits are not available, proper dried persimmon can be successfully used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Teck Jung
- Department of Food Engineering, Mokpo National University, Republic of Korea
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Yokozawa T, Kim YA, Kim HY, Lee YA, Nonaka GI. Protective effect of persimmon peel polyphenol against high glucose-induced oxidative stress in LLC-PK1 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:1979-87. [PMID: 17574318 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Revised: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of persimmon peel polyphenol (PPP) on high glucose-induced oxidative stress was investigated using LLC-PK(1) cells, which is susceptible to oxidative stress. High-concentration glucose (30 mM) treatment induced LLC-PK(1) cell death, but high molecular-PPP (HMPPP) and low molecular-PPP (LMPPP), at concentrations of 5 or 10 microg/ml, significantly inhibited the high glucose-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, treatment with HMPPP or LMPPP dose-dependently reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species level increased by 30 mM glucose. In addition, nitric oxide, superoxide and peroxynitrite levels were increased by 30 mM glucose treatment, but they were concentration-dependently inhibited by HMPPP or LMPPP treatment. High glucose levels induced the overexpressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins, but HMPPP or LMPPP treatment reduced the overexpressions of these proteins. HMPPP or LMPPP also inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) induced by 30 mM glucose in LLC-PK(1) cells. In particular, LMPPP exhibited stronger inhibitory activities on high glucose induced oxidative stress than HMPPP. These findings indicate the potential benefits of persimmon peel as a valuable source of antioxidants in the diabetic condition which will reduce the oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Yokozawa
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Matsumoto K, Watanabe Y, Ohya MA, Yokoyama SI. Young persimmon fruits prevent the rise in plasma lipids in a diet-induced murine obesity model. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 29:2532-5. [PMID: 17142997 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.2532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of young and mature persimmon fruits on lipid metabolism was investigated in a diet-induced murine obesity model. A commercially purchased high fat diet (Quick Fat, CLEA Japan) was used as the basal diet. Dried and powdered young and mature fruits of two breeds of persimmon, Fuyu-kaki and Hachiya-kaki, were added to the basal diet at a concentration of 10%, respectively. Male C57BL/6 mice (n=4) were divided into five groups and fed the basal diet or one of the persimmon-supplemented basal diets ad libitum for 14 weeks. Diets supplemented with both types of young fruit significantly reduced the rise in plasma lipids, including total cholesterol (p<0.005), triglyceride (p<0.05), and LDL cholesterol (p<0.05), and the effect was almost equal between the two breeds. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that both of these young fruit-supplemented diets equally up-regulated expression of the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) gene in the liver by about three-fold (p<0.05). CYP7A1 plays an important role in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis by regulating bile acid synthesis, suggesting that increased conversion of cholesterol to bile acids may have caused the cholesterol-lowering effect of the young fruits. The results indicate that young persimmon fruits are beneficial in the development of preventive and therapeutic agents against dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Gifu Prefectural Research Institute for Bioengineering, Japan.
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