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Dogan R, Kucuk RB, Tugrul S, Yenigun A, Calim OF, Dogan EE, Polat E, Ozturan O. Evaluation of Triglyceride-Glucose Index Elevation as a Biomarker and Risk Factor in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Clin Otolaryngol 2024. [PMID: 38982800 DOI: 10.1111/coa.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insulin resistance is associated with increased levels of IGF-1. IGF-1 has been shown to increase the risk of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) is a marker of insulin resistance. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Two tertiary care academic hospitals. METHODS The study included 53 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (Group 1) and 48 healthy volunteers (Group 2). Laryngeal cancer patients were divided into two groups according to their stage. Stages I and II were named Group 1A, and Stages III and IV were called Group 1B. The TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting Triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2]. The effect of the TyG index on laryngeal cancer was investigated on the parameters of sex, age, body mass index, and stage of the disease. RESULTS There were no significant differences in age, sex, and BMI between the groups. The TyG index of group 1 (4.75 ± 0.33) was significantly higher than that of group 2 (4.59 ± 0.15). The TyG index value of group 1B (4.84 ± 0.31) was significantly higher than both group 1A (4.61 ± 0.32) and group 2 (4.59 ± 0.15). There was no significant difference between the TyG index values of group 1A (4.61 ± 0.32) and group 2 (4.59 ± 0.15). CONCLUSION The TyG index may be a promising laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma biomarker. People with a higher TyG index may have a higher incidence of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and a higher risk of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remzi Dogan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Bahadir Kucuk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selahattin Tugrul
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Yenigun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Calim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ece Dogan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Polat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Orhan Ozturan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bahrami A, Parastouei K, Taghdir M, Ghadyani M. Dietary insulin indices and low-carbohydrate diet and the odds of colorectal cancer: a case-control study. Eur J Cancer Prev 2024; 33:363-367. [PMID: 38190110 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regarding the role of insulin and insulin-inducing dietary factors in some cancers' etiology, we hypothesized that the risk of colorectal cancer may be lessened by following a lower carbohydrate and insulinogenic diet. Therefore, we performed this study to explore the association between a low-carbohydrate diet and insulin indices and the odds of colorectal cancer. METHOD This hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 150 newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients and 300 healthy age- and sex-matched hospitalized controls. A valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the insulin indices and low-carbohydrate diet score. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association between insulin indices and low-carbohydrate diet and the odds of colorectal cancer. RESULT After adjusting for potential confounders, individuals in the highest tertile of insulin indices had a higher risk of colorectal cancer (OR insulin index = 3.46; 95% CI, 2.00-5.96; OR insulin load = 2; 95% CI, 1.17-3.41). No association was found between a low-carbohydrate diet and colorectal cancer (OR = 1.55; 95% CI, 0.85-2.84). CONCLUSION Current results demonstrated that a high insulinemic diet was associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Bahrami
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Parastouei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Taghdir
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ghadyani
- Department of Oncology, Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Luo Y, Yang L, Wu H, Xu H, Peng J, Wang Y, Zhou F. Exploring the Molecular Mechanism of Comorbidity of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Colorectal Cancer: Insights from Bulk Omics and Single-Cell Sequencing Validation. Biomolecules 2024; 14:693. [PMID: 38927096 PMCID: PMC11201668 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC) has long been extensively recognized, but their crosstalk mechanisms based on gene regulation remain elusive. In our study, for the first time, bulk RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq data were used to explore the shared molecular mechanisms between T2DM and CRC. Moreover, Connectivity Map and molecular docking were employed to determine potential drugs targeting the candidate targets. Eight genes (EVPL, TACSTD2, SOX4, ETV4, LY6E, MLXIPL, ENTPD3, UGP2) were identified as characteristic comorbidity genes for T2DM and CRC, with EVPL and ENTPD3 further identified as core comorbidity genes. Our results demonstrated that upregulation of EVPL and downregulation of ENTPD3 were intrinsic molecular features throughout T2DM and CRC and were significantly associated with immune responses, immune processes, and abnormal immune landscapes in both diseases. Single-cell analysis highlighted a cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subset that specifically expressed ENTPD3 in CRC, which exhibited high heterogeneity and unique tumor-suppressive features that were completely different from classical cancer-promoting CAFs. Furthermore, ENTPD3+ CAFs could notably predict immunotherapy response in CRC, holding promise to be an immunotherapy biomarker at the single-cell level. Finally, we identified that droperidol may be a novel drug simultaneously targeting EVPL and ENTPD3. In conclusion, previous studies have often focused solely on metabolic alterations common to T2DM and CRC. Our study establishes EVPL and ENTPD3 as characteristic molecules and immune biomarkers of comorbidity in T2DM and CRC patients, and emphasizes the importance of considering immunological mechanisms in the co-development of T2DM and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongge Luo
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - You Wang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Wuhan 430071, China
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Kanehara R, Park SY, Okada Y, Iwasaki M, Tsugane S, Sawada N, Inoue M, Haiman CA, Wilkens LR, Le Marchand L. Intake of Sugar and Food Sources of Sugar and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00293-1. [PMID: 38795743 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of sugar intake on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial, and there is a need to investigate the heterogeneity of effects among racial and ethnic groups. OBJECTIVES To examine the association of intake of simple sugars and their food sources with CRC risk according to race/ethnicity in a multiethnic cohort study. METHODS We analyzed data from 192,651 participants who participated in the Multiethnic Cohort Study comprising African American, Japanese American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and White older adults living in Hawaii and California with an average follow-up of 19 y. Intakes of total and specific types of sugars and sugary foods were estimated from a quantitative food frequency questionnaire completed by the participants in 1993-1996. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CRC risk according to quintiles (Q) of sugar and food intakes using Cox models adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS As of December 2017, 4403 incident CRC cases were identified. Among all participants, multivariable-adjusted CRC HRs for Q2, Q3, Q4, and Q5 compared with Q1 for total sugars were 1.03 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.13), 1.05 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.16), 1.12 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.24), and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.27), respectively. A similar positive association was observed for total fructose, glucose, fructose, and maltose but not for added sugars and sugary foods. The increased risk appeared to be limited to colon cancer and to be strongest among younger participants (i.e., 45-54 y at baseline); an association with CRC was observed for sugar-sweetened beverages in the latter group. Among racial and ethnic groups, increased risk of CRC was most apparent in Latinos. CONCLUSIONS In this diverse cohort, intakes of total sugar, total fructose, glucose, fructose, and maltose were associated with an increased risk of CRC, and the association was strongest for colon cancer, younger participants, and Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Kanehara
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States; Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Song-Yi Park
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Yuito Okada
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan; International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
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5
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Natale A, Turati F, Taborelli M, Giacosa A, Augustin LSA, Crispo A, Negri E, Rossi M, La Vecchia C. Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet and Colorectal Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:731-738. [PMID: 38451185 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes has been associated with colorectal cancer. We evaluated whether adherence to a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) can favorably influence the risk of colorectal cancer. METHODS Data came from a multicentric Italian case-control study including 1,953 histologically confirmed colorectal cancer cases and 4,154 hospital controls admitted for acute nonneoplastic diseases. Diet was assessed through a validated and reproducible food frequency questionnaire. The DRRD score was computed assigning higher values for higher consumption of cereal fiber, fruit, coffee, nuts and a higher polyunsaturated/saturated fats ratio and for lower glycemic index and lower consumption of red/processed meat and sweetened beverages and fruit juices. The ORs and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of colorectal cancer according to the DRRD score were obtained using logistic regression models adjusting for total energy intake and other major confounders. RESULTS The DRRD was inversely related to colorectal cancer risk. The ORs of colorectal cancer were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.67-0.89) for the third versus first score tertile (Ptrend < 0.001) and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.87-0.96) for a 3-point increment in the score. Inverse associations were observed for colon and rectal cancers and were consistent in strata of sex, age, and other major covariates. CONCLUSIONS A higher adherence to a DRRD was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk. IMPACT Given the high incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer, adherence to a DRRD can have relevant prevention and public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Natale
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Turati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Taborelli
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Attilio Giacosa
- Unit of Digestive Trait Endoscopy, CDI (Centro Diagnostico Italiano), Milan, Italy
| | - Livia S A Augustin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Rossi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Zmaili M, Alzubi J, Alkhayyat M, Albakri A, Alkhalaileh F, Longinow J, Moudgil R. Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: The Conjoined Twins. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1450. [PMID: 38672532 PMCID: PMC11048405 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the two most common causes of death worldwide. As the fields of cardiovascular medicine and oncology continue to expand, the area of overlap is becoming more prominent demanding dedicated attention and individualized patient care. We have come to realize that both fields are inextricably intertwined in several aspects, so much so that the mere presence of one, with its resultant downstream implications, has an impact on the other. Nonetheless, cardiovascular disease and cancer are generally approached independently. The focus that is granted to the predominant pathological entity (either cardiovascular disease or cancer), does not allow for optimal medical care for the other. As a result, ample opportunities for improvement in overall health care are being overlooked. Herein, we hope to shed light on the interconnected relationship between cardiovascular disease and cancer and uncover some of the unintentionally neglected intricacies of common cardiovascular therapeutics from an oncologic standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zmaili
- Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Jafar Alzubi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Motasem Alkhayyat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Almaza Albakri
- Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdullah II Ben Al-Hussein Street, Amman 11855, Jordan
| | - Feras Alkhalaileh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Joshua Longinow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Rohit Moudgil
- Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Sumiyoshi S, Takahara T, Shibuya K, Imura J, Noguchi A, Tajiri K, Minemura M, Fujii T, Hirabayashi K. Hepatocellular carcinoma in a transplanted donor liver and colon cancer developing in a patient with a complex background: A case report. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:168. [PMID: 38449797 PMCID: PMC10915803 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of tumors in livers transplanted from hepatitis B virus (HBV)-negative donors to patients with hepatitis B and cirrhosis is rare. The present study describes the case of a woman in her 60s who developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in her grafted liver, 19 years after transplantation, as well as a metachronous colorectal tumor. The pathological findings, including clinical, immunohistochemical and molecular results, are described in the present case report. The liver tumor was a conventional HCC and the colorectal tumor comprised a tubular adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry of both tumors showed a loss of expression of mutL homolog 1 and postmeiotic segregation increased 2 in the tumor cells, confirming microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) status. Furthermore, a molecular study detected the presence of genes located on the Y chromosome in the normal and tumor tissues of the liver, proving that the HCC occurred in the grafted liver. The present report also discusses that prolonged use of immunosuppressive drugs to prevent post-transplant rejection, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and MSI-H may have contributed to the risk of tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayoko Sumiyoshi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Terumi Takahara
- Third Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kazuto Shibuya
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Johji Imura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kumagaya General Hospital, Kumagaya, Saitama 360-8567, Japan
| | - Akira Noguchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kazuto Tajiri
- Third Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Masami Minemura
- Third Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kumagaya General Hospital, Kumagaya, Saitama 360-8567, Japan
| | - Kenichi Hirabayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Xiao Y, Xiang L, Jiang Y, Tang Y, Gu H, Wang Y, Peng L. Carbohydrate quality, not quantity, linked to reduced colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in US populations: evidence from a prospective study. BMC Med 2024; 22:97. [PMID: 38443943 PMCID: PMC10916156 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbohydrates have been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but the specific impact of carbohydrate quality and quantity on CRC susceptibility in US populations remains unclear. METHODS We followed 101,694 participants from Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. The carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and low-carbohydrate diet score (LCDs) were used to evaluate the daily carbohydrate quality and quantity separately, where higher scores indicated greater adherence. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute HRs and 95% CIs for incident CRC and related death. Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify potential effect modifiers. RESULTS During follow-up, we documented 1085 incident cases of CRC, of whom 311 died from CRC. Individuals in the highest compared with the lowest quartiles of CQI had a lower CRC incidence (Q4 vs Q1: HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.67-0.96, Ptrend = 0.012) and mortality (Q4 vs Q1: HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.44-0.86, Ptrend = 0.004). The inverse association between CQI and CRC risk was observed for distal colon and rectum but not for proximal colon cancer. Regarding mortality, this association was only significant for rectum cancer. Subgroup analyses indicated this inverse association of CQI with CRC risk was only observed in participants with lower LCDs. No significant associations were found between LCDs and CRC incidence or mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest focusing on higher quality, rather than restricting the quantity, of carbohydrate consumption may be an effective approach to reduce the risk of CRC in the US population, particularly for distal colon and rectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.288 Tianwen Avenue, Chongqing, 400010, Nan'an District, China
| | - Ling Xiang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.288 Tianwen Avenue, Chongqing, 400010, Nan'an District, China.
| | - Yahui Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.288 Tianwen Avenue, Chongqing, 400010, Nan'an District, China
| | - Yunhao Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.288 Tianwen Avenue, Chongqing, 400010, Nan'an District, China
| | - Haitao Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.288 Tianwen Avenue, Chongqing, 400010, Nan'an District, China
| | - Yaxu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.288 Tianwen Avenue, Chongqing, 400010, Nan'an District, China.
| | - Linglong Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.288 Tianwen Avenue, Chongqing, 400010, Nan'an District, China.
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Szablewski L. Insulin Resistance: The Increased Risk of Cancers. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:998-1027. [PMID: 38392069 PMCID: PMC10888119 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance, also known as impaired insulin sensitivity, is the result of a decreased reaction of insulin signaling to blood glucose levels. This state is observed when muscle cells, adipose tissue, and liver cells, improperly respond to a particular concentration of insulin. Insulin resistance and related increased plasma insulin levels (hyperinsulinemia) may cause metabolic impairments, which are pathological states observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Observations of cancer patients confirm that hyperinsulinemia is a major factor influencing obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Obesity and diabetes have been reported as risks of the initiation, progression, and metastasis of several cancers. However, both of the aforementioned pathologies may independently and additionally increase the cancer risk. The state of metabolic disorders observed in cancer patients is associated with poor outcomes of cancer treatment. For example, patients suffering from metabolic disorders have higher cancer recurrence rates and their overall survival is reduced. In these associations between insulin resistance and cancer risk, an overview of the various pathogenic mechanisms that play a role in the development of cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Szablewski
- Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5 Str., 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Ray I, Möller-Levet CS, Michael A, Butler-Manuel S, Chatterjee J, Tailor A, Ellis PE, Meira LB. Circulating Adipocytokines and Insulin Like-Growth Factors and Their Modulation in Obesity-Associated Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:531. [PMID: 38339282 PMCID: PMC10854745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising global incidence of uterine cancer is linked to the escalating prevalence of obesity. Obesity results in alterations in adipocytokines and IGFs, driving cancer progression via inflammation, increased cell proliferation, and apoptosis inhibition, although the precise mechanisms are still unclear. This study examined a set of six markers, namely, adiponectin, leptin, IL6, TNFα, IGF1, and IGF2 and compared them between fifty age-matched endometrial cancer patients (study group) and non-cancer patients with benign gynaecological conditions (control group). We also assessed the relationship of these markers with obesity and explored the correlation between these markers and various tumour characteristics. In the cancer population, these markers were also assessed 24 h and 6 months post-surgery. Remarkably, low adiponectin levels were associated with a 35.8% increase in endometrial cancer risk. Interestingly, compared to control subjects where IGF levels decreased after menopause, post-menopausal women in the study group showed elevated IGF1 and IGF2 levels, suggesting a potential influence of endometrial cancer on the IGF system, particularly after menopause. Lastly, it is noteworthy that a discernible inverse relationship trend was observed in the levels of adipocytokines and IGFs 6 months post-surgery. This indicates that treatment for endometrial cancer may have a differential impact on adipocytokines and IGFs, potentially holding clinical significance that merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ray
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Carla S. Möller-Levet
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Agnieszka Michael
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
- Department of Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Simon Butler-Manuel
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Jayanta Chatterjee
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane Uxbridge, Middlesex, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Anil Tailor
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Patricia E. Ellis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
- Academic Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford GU2 7XX, UK
| | - Lisiane B. Meira
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
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11
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He M, Huan L, Wang X, Fan Y, Huang J. Nine dietary habits and risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:21. [PMID: 38233852 PMCID: PMC10795375 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have provided evidence that there is an association between diet and colorectal cancer. However, the causal relationship between dietary habits and colorectal cancer remains unknown. METHODS The UK Biobank provided summary-level genome-wide association study data for nine dietary habits, including alcohol consumption (n = 549,703), instant coffee consumption (n = 250,308), fruit consumption (n = 210,947), meat consumption (n = 210,947), full cream milk consumption (n = 41,306), sweets consumption (n = 25,521), tea consumption (n = 501,494), vegetable consumption (n = 210,947), and yogurt/ice cream consumption (n = 210,947). Additionally, data on colorectal cancer were collected, consisting of 5,567 cases and 372,016 controls. The MR analysis employed inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and MR multivariate residuals tests. RESULTS In the predominantly European population, a positive association was observed between vegetables (OR = 1.014, 95% CI = 1.000-1.029, p = 0.048) and an increased risk of colorectal cancer. The results for vegetable did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. However, no strong evidence was found for other dietary factors, such as alcohol (OR = 1.012, 95% CI = 0.974-1.051, p = 0.556), fruit (OR = 1.007, 95% CI = 0.986-1.029, p = 0.512), meat (OR = 1.000, 95% CI = 0.987-1.026, p = 0.968), full cream milk (OR = 1.019, 95% CI = 0.979-1.061, p = 0.357), sweets (OR = 0.998, 95% CI = 0.991-1.004, p = 0.524), and tea (OR = 1.002, 95% CI = 0.994-1.009, p = 0.672), with regards to colorectal cancer risk in the European population. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the need for a more nuanced approach to dietary recommendations for CRC prevention, with greater emphasis adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang He
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Huan
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyi Fan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, No. 51 Anwai Xiaoguan Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jinchang Huang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, No. 51 Anwai Xiaoguan Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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12
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Lu S, Sun X, Tang H, Yu J, Wang B, Xiao R, Qu J, Sun F, Deng Z, Li C, Yang P, Yang Z, Rao B. Colorectal cancer with low SLC35A3 is associated with immune infiltrates and poor prognosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:329. [PMID: 38172565 PMCID: PMC10764849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51028-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The expression level of SLC35A3 is associated with the prognosis of many cancers, but its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. The purpose of our study was to elucidate the role of SLC35A3 in CRC. The expression levels of SLC35A3 in CRC were evaluated through tumor immune resource assessment (TIMER), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), Human Protein Atlas (HPA), qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemical evaluation. TCGA, GEO, and ICGC databases were used to analyze the diagnostic and prognostic value of SLC35A3 in CRC. A overall survival (OS) model was constructed and validated based on the expression level of SLC35A3 and multivariable analysis results. The cBioPortal tool was used to analyze SLC35A3 mutation in CRC. The UALCAN tool was used to analyze the promoter methylation level of SLC35A3 in colorectal cancer. In addition, the role of SLC35A3 in CRC was determined through GO analysis, KEGG analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), immune infiltration analysis, and immune checkpoint correlation analysis. In vitro experiments validated the function of SLC35A3 in colorectal cancer cells. Compared with adjacent normal tissues and colonic epithelial cells, the expression of SLC35A3 was decreased in CRC tissues and CRC cell lines. Low expression of SLC35A3 was associated with N stage, pathological stage, and lymphatic infiltration, and it was unfavorable for OS, disease-specific survival (DSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and post-progression survival (PPS). According to the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, SLC35A3 is a potential important diagnostic biomarker for CRC patients. The nomograph based on the expression level of SLC35A3 showed a better predictive model for OS than single prognostic factors and TNM staging. SLC35A3 has multiple types of mutations in CRC, and its promoter methylation level is significantly decreased. GO and KEGG analysis indicated that SLC35A3 may be involved in transmembrane transport protein activity, cell communication, and interaction with neurotransmitter receptors. GSEA revealed that SLC35A3 may be involved in energy metabolism, DNA repair, and cancer pathways. In addition, SLC35A3 was closely related to immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the positive correlation between SLC35A3 and helper T cell infiltration. In vitro experiments showed that overexpression of SLC35A3 inhibited the proliferation and invasion capability of colorectal cancer cells and promoted apoptosis. The results of this study indicate that decreased expression of SLC35A3 is closely associated with poor prognosis and immune cell infiltration in colorectal cancer, and it can serve as a promising independent prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Foods for Special Medical Purpose (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xibo Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Huazhen Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Foods for Special Medical Purpose (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Jinxuan Yu
- Zibo Central Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical College, Zibo, 255020, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Foods for Special Medical Purpose (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Ruixue Xiao
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010100, China
| | - Jinxiu Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Foods for Special Medical Purpose (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Fang Sun
- The Fifth Medical Center of the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army of China, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Zhuoya Deng
- The First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Cong Li
- The First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Penghui Yang
- The First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - Zhenpeng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Benqiang Rao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cancer Foods for Special Medical Purpose (FSMP) for State Market Regulation, Beijing, 100038, China.
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13
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Kędzia-Berut R, Berut M, Włodarczyk M, Włodarczyk J, Dziki Ł, Dziki A, Mik M. Colorectal Cancer: Is it Still a Disease of the Elderly? POLISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2023; 96:41-45. [PMID: 38348978 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0054.0956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
<b><br>Introduction:</b> Colorectal cancer is becoming an increasingly significant health issue, being one of the more commonly diagnosed malignancies. Colorectal tumors account for 10% of all malignant cancers in women and 12% in men. Incidence is higher in the male population, especially among younger individuals. It is commonly believed that colorectal cancer is predominantly associated with advanced age. However, colorectal surgeons, who specialize in the treatment of this type of cancer, are observing a growing number of cases among middle-aged and younger individuals.</br> <b><br>Aim:</b> The aim of our study was to investigate whether colorectal cancer still predominantly affects elderly individuals, how frequently it is diagnosed in younger patients, and whether the location of tumors in the intestines of younger patients aligns with data from elderly individuals.</br> <b><br>Materials and methods:</b> The study was conducted retrospectively and included a cohort of 1771 patients who underwent surgical procedures due to colorectal cancer between 2012 and 2015 at the Department of General and Colorectal Surgery at the Medical University of Łódź and between 2014 and 2017 at the Department of General Surgery with a Division of Surgical Oncology at the District Health Center in Brzeziny. Data were analyzed regarding the frequency of colorectal cancer occurrence by age, tumor location in different age groups, and disease stage according to age. Age groups included <40 years, 41-50 years, 51-70 years, and >70 years.</br> <b><br>Results:</b> The study encompassed a total of 1771 patients, with 988 (55.79%) being males and 783 (44.21%) females. The mean age of the patients was 65.27 11.12 years. The highest number of cases was observed in the age range of 60-70 years and 70-80 years. It was found that colorectal tumors in males more frequently occurred on the left side of the colon and rectum, while in females, they were more commonly located on the right side of the colon, which was statistically significant (P = 0.007). Younger age groups of patients (<40 years, 40-50 years) had a similar male-to-female ratio, whereas in age groups above 50 years, males significantly outnumbered females (P = 0.049). The study revealed that in the group of patients below 40 years of age, an advanced stage of colorectal cancer was significantly more common; stage D occurred over twice as often as in the 51-70 age group and over three times as often as in the >70 age group.</br> <b><br>Conclusions:</b> The incidence of colorectal cancer in Poland is steadily increasing, with a growing number of diagnoses in younger individuals. Research findings demonstrate that males, especially those in younger age groups, are at a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. A higher disease stage is more frequently observed in younger patients, possibly due to delayed diagnosis and symptomatic treatment. Screening programs should be adjusted to the changing age groups at higher risk. Our study underlines the need to raise public awareness regarding colorectal cancer, particularly among the younger population.</br>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kędzia-Berut
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Military Medical Academy Memorial Teaching Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Berut
- Department of General Surgery with Subdivision of Oncological Surgery, District Health Center in Brzeziny, Poland
| | - Marcin Włodarczyk
- Department of General and Cancer Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Włodarczyk
- Department of General and Cancer Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Dziki
- Department of General and Cancer Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Dziki
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Military Medical Academy Memorial Teaching Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Mik
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Military Medical Academy Memorial Teaching Hospital, Lodz, Poland
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14
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Sicahni PH, Makhtoomi M, Leilami K, Shateri Z, Mohammadi F, Nouri M, Omidbeigi N, Mehrabani S, Rashidkhani B. Dietary and lifestyle indices for hyperinsulinemia and colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:434. [PMID: 38082394 PMCID: PMC10712032 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-03073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased in Iran, and determining the dietary patterns that can contribute to reducing or increasing the risk of CRC will help better control this disease. Therefore, in the current study, we assessed the association between the empirical lifestyle index for hyperinsulinemia (ELIH) and the empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) with the CRC odds. METHODS The present case (n = 71)-control (n = 142) study was carried out in several CRC surgical units of hospitals in Tehran, Iran. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire containing 168 items was used to assess participants' dietary intakes. The EDIH and ELIH scores were calculated by food groups and some variables such as body mass index and physical activity. Logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association between the EDIH and ELIH scores with CRC odds. RESULTS According to baseline features of the study participants, there were significant differences between the controls and cases in ELIH score, fiber intake, taking aspirin, and family history of CRC in first- and second-degree relatives. Also, we found that the odds of CRC increased significantly in the last tertile compared to the first tertile in EDIH and ELIH in the adjusted model (odds ratio (OR) = 3.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30-7.48 and OR = 4.72; 95% CI: 1.15-19.39, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the result of this study indicated that CRC odds was significantly greater in subjects with higher EDIH and ELIH scores. Also, according to the results of this study, lifestyle and diet with insulinemic potential can influence the CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Hadi Sicahni
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maede Makhtoomi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kimia Leilami
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zainab Shateri
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Niloofar Omidbeigi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mehrabani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Bahram Rashidkhani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Nguyen LTD, Gunathilake M, Lee J, Oh JH, Chang HJ, Sohn DK, Shin A, Kim J. Zinc intake, SLC30A8 rs3802177 polymorphism, and colorectal cancer risk in a Korean population: a case-control study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16429-16440. [PMID: 37707576 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Zinc is an essential micronutrient involving in multiple enzymatic reactions of human metabolism and biological functions affecting the cancer development. However, the relationship between dietary zinc intake and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk has been unclear. Herein, our study investigated the relationship between dietary zinc intake and CRC risk, and examined how the SLC30A8 rs3802177 genetic variant affects this association. METHODS A total of 1431 CRC cases and 2704 controls were selected to investigate the relationship between dietary zinc intake and CRC risk. After excluding individuals without genotype data, 1097 CRC cases and 1559 controls were used to evaluate the interaction between dietary zinc intake and the rs3802177 polymorphism in CRC risk. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were measured using unconditional logistic regression models. RESULTS Higher dietary zinc intake was inversely associated with the risk of CRC in the total population [adjusted OR (aOR) = 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.96, p for trend = 0.018]. In the codominant model, G+ carriers of the SLC30A8 rs3802177 with higher consumption of zinc were observed to have a significantly lower risk of CRC in all participants (p for interaction = 0.020). In females, GG carriers with higher zinc intake showed a stronger protective effect against the development of CRC (p for interaction = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings suggest an inverse association between dietary zinc intake and CRC risk, and this relationship may be modified by SLC30A8 rs3802177 polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Thi Dieu Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-Ro, Ilsandong-Gu, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Madhawa Gunathilake
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-Ro, Ilsandong-Gu, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghee Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-Ro, Ilsandong-Gu, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Oh
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chang
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Dae Kyung Sohn
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-Ro, Ilsandong-Gu, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 10408, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Shore R, Zhang J, Ye W, Stattin P, Lindblad M. Risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer; a nationwide cohort study. Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:949-961. [PMID: 37341814 PMCID: PMC10533601 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether androgens play a role in explaining the sex related differences in the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS A nationwide matched cohort study was conducted employing the Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden (PCBaSe) 4.0 during the study period 2006-2016. Prostate cancer (PC) patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were treated as exposed. Prostate cancer-free men from the general population were randomly selected and matched to the index case by birth year and county of residence, forming the unexposed group. All were followed until a diagnosis of CRC, death, emigration, or end of the study period. The risk of CRC among ADT exposed PC patients compared to unexposed cancer-free men was calculated using a flexible parametric survival model and expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS There was an increased risk of CRC among ADT exposed PC patients compared to unexposed cancer-free men (HR 1.27 [95% CI 1.15-1.41]), in particular an increased risk of adenocarcinoma of the colon (HR 1.33 [95% CI 1.17-1.51]) and more specifically an increased risk of adenocarcinoma of the distal colon (HR 1.53 [95% CI 1.26-1.85]). Examination of latency effects yielded significantly decreased HRs over time for CRC (p = 0.049 for trend). CONCLUSIONS This population-based study found an increased risk of CRC among PC patients exposed to ADT, specifically adenocarcinoma of the distal colon, which indicates an increased association between ADT (PC + ADT) and CRC but not a positive dose-response trend questioning a true causal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Shore
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Lindblad
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Beihaghi M, Sahebi R, Beihaghi MR, Nessiani RK, Yarasmi MR, Gholamalizadeh S, Shahabnavaie F, Shojaei M. Evaluation of rs10811661 polymorphism in CDKN2A / B in colon and gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:985. [PMID: 37845622 PMCID: PMC10577985 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the causes of colon and gastric cancer is the dysregulation of carcinogenic genes, tumor inhibitors, and micro-RNA. The purpose of this study is to apply rs10811661 polymorphism in CDKN2A /B gene as an effective biomarker of colon cancer and early detection of gastric cancer. As a result,400 blood samples, inclusive of 200 samples from healthy individuals and 200 samples (100 samples from intestinal cancer,100 samples from stomach cancer) from the blood of someone with these cancers, to determine the genotype of genes in healthful and ill people through PCR-RFLP approach and Allelic and genotypic tests of SPSS software. To observe the connection between gastric cancer and bowel cancer risk and genotypes, the t-student test for quantitative variables and Pearson distribution for qualitative variables have been tested and the results have been evaluated using the Chi-square test. The effects confirmed that the highest frequency of TT genotypes is in affected individuals and CC genotype is in healthful individuals. In addition, it confirmed that women were more inclined than men to T3 tumor invasion and most grade II and III colon cancers, and in older sufferers with gastric cancer, the grade of tumor tended to be grade I. Among genetic variety and rs10811661, with invasiveness, there is a tumor size and degree in the affected person. In summary, our findings suggest that the rs10811661 polymorphism of the CDKN2A / B gene is strongly associated with the occurrence of intestinal cancer and stomach is linked to its potential role as a prognostic biomarker for the management of bowel cancer and stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beihaghi
- Department of Biology, Kavian Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Reza Sahebi
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Beihaghi
- Department of Public Health, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England
| | | | | | | | | | - Mitra Shojaei
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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Jin EH, Choi YJ, Lim JH, Shin CM, Han K, Lee DH. Alteration of Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated with the Decreased Risk of Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4889. [PMID: 37568291 PMCID: PMC10419554 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12154889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) can be resolved through active control. We aimed to examine the effect of changes in MetS status on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. A total of 5,704,611 Korean national insurance beneficiaries that received two consecutive biennial mandatory health exams (2009-2011) were followed-up until 2017. MetS was determined as the presence of at least three of five components. Participants were categorized into four groups according to the change in MetS status; MetS-never, -resolved, -developed, or -persistent. A Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical exercise was used. Participants who recovered from MetS had a higher risk of CRC than those free of MetS but had a lower risk than those with persistent MetS (HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86-0.95 vs. HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.73-0.78; reference: persistence group). Among the five MetS components, resolving high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, and blood sugar had a preventive effect on CRC prevention, while normalization of lipid profile did not reduce CRC risk independently. Resolving MetS could reduce CRC risk compared to having persistent MetS, indicating the necessity of considering control of MetS as a CRC prevention policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hyo Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul 06236, Republic of Korea; (E.H.J.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Yoon Jin Choi
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul 06236, Republic of Korea; (E.H.J.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si 13620, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Soongsil University of Korea, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si 13620, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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19
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Kim HK, Kim SY, Kwak JH, Kim HJ. Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and FAS rs6586161 Polymorphism in Relation to Gastric Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in Korea. Nutrients 2023; 15:3238. [PMID: 37513656 PMCID: PMC10383319 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Many dietary and genetic factors have been confirmed to be associated with gastric cancer risk. This research investigated gastric cancer risk with regard to the glycemic index, glycemic load, and FAS rs6586161 polymorphism. A total of 232 matched pairs were included in this case-control study. Data collection was conducted at two hospitals in Korea from 2002 to 2006. Dietary information was obtained from a food frequency questionnaire, and genotypes of FAS rs6586161 polymorphism were TT, TA, and AA type. Gastric cancer risk was increased for the highest tertile of glycemic index (vs. lowest tertile, OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.07-3.18), the highest tertile of glycemic load (vs. lowest tertile, OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.23-3.75), and the AA type of FAS rs6586161 polymorphism (vs. TT types, OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.13-3.39). Furthermore, gastric cancer risk was significantly elevated for the participants with the highest glycemic load and AA type of FAS rs6586161 polymorphism (vs. the lowest glycemic load and TT type, OR = 5.53, 95% CI = 2.01-15.21). Both the high glycemic load and AA type of FAS rs6586161 polymorphism increased gastric cancer risk; however, the interactions between these two elevated the risk of gastric cancer even more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Kyoung Kim
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, 62, Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang Young Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Life Science, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung-si 25457, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.K.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Jung Hyun Kwak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Life Science, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung-si 25457, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.K.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Hyun Ja Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Life Science, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung-si 25457, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.K.); (J.H.K.)
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20
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Debertin J, Teles F, Martin LM, Lu J, Koestler DC, Kelsey KT, Beck JD, Platz EA, Michaud DS. Antibodies to oral pathobionts and colon cancer risk in the CLUE I cohort study. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:302-311. [PMID: 36971101 PMCID: PMC10389748 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis has been associated with an increased risk for gastrointestinal cancers. The objective of our study was to investigate the association of antibodies to oral bacteria and the risk of colon cancer in a cohort setting. Using the CLUE I cohort, a prospective cohort initiated in 1974 in Washington County, Maryland, we conducted a nested case-control study to examine the association of levels of IgG antibodies to 11 oral bacterial species (13 total strains) with risk of colon cancer diagnosed a median of 16 years later (range: 1-26 years). Antibody response was measured using checkerboard immunoblotting assays. We included 200 colon cancer cases and 200 controls matched on age, sex, cigarette smoking status, time of blood draw and pipe or cigar smoking status. Controls were selected using incidence density sampling. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the association between antibody levels and colon cancer risk. In the overall analysis, we observed significant inverse associations for 6 of the 13 antibodies measured (P-trends <.05) and one positive association for antibody levels to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 29523; P-trend = .04). While we cannot rule out a role for periodontal disease in colon cancer risk, findings from our study suggest that a strong adaptive immune response may be associated with a lower risk of colon cancer. More studies will need to examine whether the positive associations we observed with antibodies to A. actinomycetemcomitans reflect a true causal association for this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Debertin
- Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Flavia Teles
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lynn M. Martin
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jiayun Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Devin C. Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Karl T. Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - James D. Beck
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health/Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Elizabeth A. Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dominique S. Michaud
- Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI
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21
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Ashari LS, Abd Rashid AA, Mohd Razif S, Yeong Yeh L, Jan Mohamed HJ. Diet is Linked to Colorectal Cancer Risk among Asian Adults: A Scoping Review. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:8-31. [PMID: 37425391 PMCID: PMC10325134 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to map current evidence on the association between dietary factors and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in Asia. This review was conducted based on Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) flow diagram was used to record the review process. For the purpose of searching for articles, three electronic databases namely PubMed, EBSCOHost and ScienceDirect were employed. The inclusion criteria for articles selection were articles with association analysis between diet and CRC risk among Asians, had adults as participants, articles were written in English, open-accessed and published between years 2009 and 2021. Thus, 35 out of 369 screened articles were eventually included in this review which covered 28 case-control studies, six prospective cohort studies and one randomised clinical trial. Foods such as meats, alcohol and westernised diet have been shown to be associated with increase of CRC risk while fruits, vegetables and traditional meals decreased the risk of CRC. Only a few interventional and dietary patterns studies were identified. Specific single foods and nutrients and dietary patterns have been found to increase the risk but also protected the Asian population against CRC. The findings of this review will guide health professionals, researchers and policy makers to conduct a suitable study design and topic for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydiatul Shima Ashari
- Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Shahril Mohd Razif
- Nutritional Science Programme and Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee Yeong Yeh
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- GI Function and Motility Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed
- Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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22
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Sergeeva E, Ruksha T, Fefelova Y. Effects of Obesity and Calorie Restriction on Cancer Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119601. [PMID: 37298551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of malignant tumor development is increasing in the world. Obesity is an established risk factor for various malignancies. There are many metabolic alterations associated with obesity which promote cancerogenesis. Excessive body weight leads to increased levels of estrogens, chronic inflammation and hypoxia, which can play an important role in the development of malignancies. It is proved that calorie restriction can improve the state of patients with various diseases. Decreased calorie uptake influences lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism, hormone levels and cell processes. Many investigations have been devoted to the effects of calorie restriction on cancer development in vitro and in vivo. It was revealed that fasting can regulate the activity of the signal cascades including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p53, mTOR, insulin/ insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and JAK-STAT. Up- or down-regulation of the pathways results in the decrease of cancer cell proliferation, migration and survival and the increase of apoptosis and effects of chemotherapy. The aim of this review is to discuss the connection between obesity and cancer development and the mechanisms of calorie restriction influence on cancerogenesis that stress the importance of further research of calorie restriction effects for the inclusion of this approach in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Sergeeva
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, No. 1 P. Zheleznyaka Str., 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ruksha
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, No. 1 P. Zheleznyaka Str., 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yulia Fefelova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, No. 1 P. Zheleznyaka Str., 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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23
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Cheraghpour M, Askari M, Tierling S, Shojaee S, Sadeghi A, Ketabi Moghadam P, Khazdouz M, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Piroozkhah M, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Fatemi N. A systematic review and meta-analysis for the association of the insulin-like growth factor1 pathway genetic polymorphisms with colorectal cancer susceptibility. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1168942. [PMID: 37284192 PMCID: PMC10240407 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1168942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The receptors, ligands, and associated proteins of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family are involved in cancer development. The IGF1 receptor and its accompanying signaling cascade are a crucial growth-regulatory mechanism that plays an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) proliferation and differentiation. IRS1 (Insulin receptor substrate-1), a major substrate for the IGF1R, is involved in cell growth and promotes tumorigenesis. There are shreds of evidence from prior research suggesting that IGF system polymorphisms may influence susceptibility to CRC. However, the findings in this area were contradictory. Accordingly, we carried out a systematic literature search to identify all case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies on the association between various polymorphisms across four IGF1 pathway genes (IGF1, IGF1R, IRS1, and IRS2) and the risk of CRC. Methods We performed a comprehensive search strategy in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for articles available until Aug 30, 2022. A total of 26 eligible studies with IGF1/IGF1R, IRS1 and IRS2 polymorphisms; met the inclusion criteria. All case-control studies for IGF1 rs6214C>T, IRS1 rs1801278G>A, and IRS2 rs1805097G>A comprising 22,084 cases and 29,212 controls were included in the current meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate relationships between the polymorphisms and CRC susceptibility. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA software version 14.0. Results The meta-analysis of available data for rs6214C>T, rs1801278G>A, and rs1805097G>A showed a significant association between these polymorphisms and an increased CRC risk in some of the comparisons studied (rs6214C>T, pooled OR for CC = 0.43, 95% CI 0.21- 0.87, P = 0.019; rs1801278G>A, OR for GA = 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.94, P = 0.016; rs1805097G>A, OR for GA = 0.83, 95% CI 0.71-0.96, P = 0.013). Nevertheless, the meta-analysis did not include other genetic variations in IGF1, IGF1R, IRS1, and IRS2 due to heterogeneity and limited sample size. Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis provide evidence that genetic variants in IGF1 rs6214C>T, IRS1 rs1801278G>A, and IRS2 rs1805097G>A are associated with an increased risk of CRC. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the complex genetic mechanisms involved in CRC development and could inform future research on prevention and treatment strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makan Cheraghpour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masomeh Askari
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sascha Tierling
- Department of Genetics/Epigenetics, Faculty NT, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sajad Shojaee
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Ketabi Moghadam
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Khazdouz
- Growth and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Piroozkhah
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nayeralsadat Fatemi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Hanyuda A, Goto A, Katagiri R, Koyanagi YN, Nakatochi M, Sutoh Y, Nakano S, Oze I, Ito H, Yamaji T, Sawada N, Iwagami M, Kadota A, Koyama T, Katsuura-Kamano S, Ikezaki H, Tanaka K, Takezaki T, Imoto I, Suzuki M, Momozawa Y, Takeuchi K, Narita A, Hozawa A, Kinoshita K, Shimizu A, Tanno K, Matsuo K, Tsugane S, Wakai K, Sasaki M, Yamamoto M, Iwasaki M. Investigating the association between glycaemic traits and colorectal cancer in the Japanese population using Mendelian randomisation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7052. [PMID: 37120602 PMCID: PMC10148817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational studies suggest that abnormal glucose metabolism and insulin resistance contribute to colorectal cancer; however, the causal association remains unknown, particularly in Asian populations. A two-sample Mendelian randomisation analysis was performed to determine the causal association between genetic variants associated with elevated fasting glucose, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fasting C-peptide and colorectal cancer risk. In the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-exposure analysis, we meta-analysed study-level genome-wide associations of fasting glucose (~ 17,289 individuals), HbA1c (~ 52,802 individuals), and fasting C-peptide (1,666 individuals) levels from the Japanese Consortium of Genetic Epidemiology studies. The odds ratios of colorectal cancer were 1.01 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99-1.04, P = 0.34) for fasting glucose (per 1 mg/dL increment), 1.02 (95% CI, 0.60-1.73, P = 0.95) for HbA1c (per 1% increment), and 1.47 (95% CI, 0.97-2.24, P = 0.06) for fasting C-peptide (per 1 log increment). Sensitivity analyses, including Mendelian randomisation-Egger and weighted-median approaches, revealed no significant association between glycaemic characteristics and colorectal cancer (P > 0.20). In this study, genetically predicted glycaemic characteristics were not significantly related to colorectal cancer risk. The potential association between insulin resistance and colorectal cancer should be validated in further studies.
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Grants
- 28-A-19 and 31-A-18 National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund
- 28-A-19 and 31-A-18 National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund
- 28-A-19 and 31-A-18 National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund
- 28-A-19 and 31-A-18 National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund
- 28-A-19 and 31-A-18 National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund
- 28-A-19 and 31-A-18 National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund
- No. 16H06277[CoBia] Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant
- No. 16H06277[CoBia] Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant
- No. 16H06277[CoBia] Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant
- JP20km0105001, JP20km0105002, JP20km0105003, JP20km0105004 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP20km0105001, JP20km0105002, JP20km0105003, JP20km0105004 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP20km0105001, JP20km0105002, JP20km0105003, JP20km0105004 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP20km0105001, JP20km0105002, JP20km0105003, JP20km0105004 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP20km0105001, JP20km0105002, JP20km0105003, JP20km0105004 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP20km0105001, JP20km0105002, JP20km0105003, JP20km0105004 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP20km0105001, JP20km0105002, JP20km0105003, JP20km0105004 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP20km0105001, JP20km0105002, JP20km0105003, JP20km0105004 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- 15ck0106095h0002, 16ck0106095h0003, and 17ck0106266h001 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- a Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hanyuda
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Health Data Science, Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan.
| | - Ryoko Katagiri
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuriko N Koyanagi
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sutoh
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shiori Nakano
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Iwagami
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Aya Kadota
- NCD Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Teruhide Koyama
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Department of Comprehensive General Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Toshiro Takezaki
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Midori Suzuki
- Core Facilities, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Narita
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanno
- Division of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Duan M, Liu Y, Zhao D, Li H, Zhang G, Liu H, Wang Y, Fan Y, Huang L, Zhou F. Gender-specific dysregulations of nondifferentially expressed biomarkers of metastatic colon cancer. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 104:107858. [PMID: 37058814 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is a common cancer type in both sexes and its mortality rate increases at the metastatic stage. Most studies exclude nondifferentially expressed genes from biomarker analysis of metastatic colon cancers. The motivation of this study is to find the latent associations of the nondifferentially expressed genes with metastatic colon cancers and to evaluate the gender specificity of such associations. This study formulates the expression level prediction of a gene as a regression model trained for primary colon cancers. The difference between a gene's predicted and original expression levels in a testing sample is defined as its mqTrans value (model-based quantitative measure of transcription regulation), which quantitatively measures the change of the gene's transcription regulation in this testing sample. We use the mqTrans analysis to detect the messenger RNA (mRNA) genes with nondifferential expression on their original expression levels but differentially expressed mqTrans values between primary and metastatic colon cancers. These genes are referred to as dark biomarkers of metastatic colon cancer. All dark biomarker genes were verified by two transcriptome profiling technologies, RNA-seq and microarray. The mqTrans analysis of a mixed cohort of both sexes could not recover gender-specific dark biomarkers. Most dark biomarkers overlap with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and these lncRNAs might have contributed their transcripts to calculating the dark biomarkers' expression levels. Therefore, mqTrans analysis serves as a complementary approach to identify dark biomarkers generally ignored by conventional studies, and it is essential to separate the female and male samples into two analysis experiments. The dataset and mqTrans analysis code are available at https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/22250536.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Duan
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Haijun Li
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Gongyou Zhang
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China; Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Yusi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China; College of Software, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China.
| | - Lan Huang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Fengfeng Zhou
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China.
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Salla M, Guo J, Joshi H, Gordon M, Dooky H, Lai J, Capicio S, Armstrong H, Valcheva R, Dyck JRB, Thiesen A, Wine E, Dieleman LA, Baksh S. Novel Biomarkers for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer: An Interplay between Metabolic Dysregulation and Excessive Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065967. [PMID: 36983040 PMCID: PMC10055751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent inflammation can trigger altered epigenetic, inflammatory, and bioenergetic states. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, with evidence of subsequent metabolic syndrome disorder. Studies have demonstrated that as many as 42% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who are found to have high-grade dysplasia, either already had colorectal cancer (CRC) or develop it within a short time. The presence of low-grade dysplasia is also predictive of CRC. Many signaling pathways are shared among IBD and CRC, including cell survival, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammatory signaling pathways. Current IBD therapeutics target a small subset of molecular drivers of IBD, with many focused on the inflammatory aspect of the pathways. Thus, there is a great need to identify biomarkers of both IBD and CRC, that can be predictive of therapeutic efficacy, disease severity, and predisposition to CRC. In this study, we explored the changes in biomarkers specific for inflammatory, metabolic, and proliferative pathways, to help determine the relevance to both IBD and CRC. Our analysis demonstrated, for the first time in IBD, the loss of the tumor suppressor protein Ras associated family protein 1A (RASSF1A), via epigenetic changes, the hyperactivation of the obligate kinase of the NOD2 pathogen recognition receptor (receptor interacting protein kinase 2 [RIPK2]), the loss of activation of the metabolic kinase, AMP activated protein kinase (AMPKα1), and, lastly, the activation of the transcription factor and kinase Yes associated protein (YAP) kinase, that is involved in proliferation of cells. The expression and activation status of these four elements are mirrored in IBD, CRC, and IBD-CRC patients and, importantly, in matched blood and biopsy samples. The latter would suggest that biomarker analysis can be performed non-invasively, to understand IBD and CRC, without the need for invasive and costly endoscopic analysis. This study, for the first time, illustrates the need to understand IBD or CRC beyond an inflammatory perspective and the value of therapeutics directed to reset altered proliferative and metabolic states within the colon. The use of such therapeutics may truly drive patients into remission.
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Kanehara R, Katagiri R, Goto A, Yamaji T, Sawada N, Iwasaki M, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Sugar intake and colorectal cancer risk: A prospective Japanese cohort study. Cancer Sci 2023. [PMID: 36851860 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of sugar consumption on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. Prospective cohort studies focusing on total and specific types of sugar intake among the Asian population who have different patterns of sugar intake sources than American and European populations are scarce. We intended to examine the association of sugar intake with CRC risk among middle-aged adults in a Japanese large-scale population-based cohort study. The participants (42,405 men and 48,600 women) who were 45-74 years old and answered the questionnaire in 1995-1999 in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study were followed up until December 2013. Total sugars, total fructose, and specific types of sugar intake were estimated using a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire and divided into quintiles (Q1-Q5). We used Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for potential confounders to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During the follow-up, 2118 CRC cases (1226 men and 892 women) were identified. We did not observe any clear association between all types of sugar intake and an increased risk of CRC. Analyses by tumor sites yielded a positive association of total sugar consumption with rectal cancer in women (1.75 [1.07-2.87] for Q1 vs. Q5; p linear trend = 0.03), but no statistically significant trend was detected among men. Sugar intake was not associated with CRC risk in middle-aged Japanese adults. However, for rectal cancer, the probability of an increased risk among women with a higher total sugar intake cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Kanehara
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Katagiri
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.,National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Health Data Science, Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.,National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
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Sabzikarian M, Mahmoudi T, Tabaeian SP, Rezamand G, Asadi A, Farahani H, Nobakht H, Dabiri R, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Derakhshan F, Zali MR. The common variant of rs6214 in insulin like growth factor 1 ( IGF1) gene: a potential protective factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:10-15. [PMID: 32654522 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1791187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regarding the central role of insulin resistance in NAFLD, we explored whether insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) gene variants were associated with NAFLD susceptibility. METHODS IGF1 (rs6214) and IGFBP3 (rs3110697) gene variants were genotyped in 154 cases with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 156 controls using PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS The IGF1 rs6214 "AA + AG" genotype compared with the "GG" genotype appeared to be a marker of decreased NAFLD susceptibility (p = .006; OR = 0.47, 95%CI = 0.28-0.80). Furthermore, the IGF1 rs6214 "A" allele was underrepresented in the cases than controls (p = .024; OR = 0.61, 95%CI = 0.40-0.94). However, we observed no significant difference in genotype or allele frequencies between the cases and controls for IGFBP3 gene. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, these findings suggest, for the first time, that the IGF1 rs6214 "A" allele and "AA + AG" genotype have protective effects for NAFLD susceptibility. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Touraj Mahmoudi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Rezamand
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asadollah Asadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hamid Farahani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Hossein Nobakht
- Internal Medicine Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Reza Dabiri
- Internal Medicine Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GLDRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Faramarz Derakhshan
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ji X, Fu J, Li X, Yuan K, Sun X, Yao Q. Serum biomarkers of colonic polyps in patients with acromegaly: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Pituitary 2023; 26:1-8. [PMID: 36542278 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-022-01287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the past few decades, acromegaly and colonic polyps have been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Previous studies highlighted the importance of serum biomarkers of colonic polyps in patients with acromegaly. METHODS We reviewed studies on serum biomarkers of colonic polyps in patients with acromegaly, published on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Medline, and Chinese databases from January 1, 1966, to May 8, 2022. Meta-analysis and systematic review were conducted using Stata MP 14.0. RESULTS Eight articles were included in this study. The mean (standard deviation) concentrations of serum biomarkers for acromegaly with and without colorectal polyps were extracted from these studies. Meta-analysis results showed that, compared to patients without colonic polyps, the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 × upper limit of normal range (IGF-1 × ULN) and fasting insulin were significantly increased; while the levels of growth hormone (GH) were significantly decreased in patients with acromegaly and colonic polyps (IGF-1 × ULN: SMD 0.23; 95% CI 0.03-0.42, p < 0.05) (fasting insulin: SMD 0.95; 9 5% CI 0.11-1.8, p < 0.05) (GH: SMD - 0.25; 95% CI - 0.41 to - 0.08, p < 0.05). IGF-1 and FPG levels did not differ significantly (IGF-1: SMD -0.03; 95% CI - 0.22 to 0.17, p > 0.05) (FPG: SMD 0.14; 95% CI - 0.23 to 0.52, p > 0.05). The systematic review results suggest no significant differences in hemoglobin A1C, TSH, free thyroxine, FT4, T3, PRL, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, fibrinogen, clathrate antigen, serum antigen 19-9, and α-fetoprotein levels, but serum Klotho levels. CONCLUSION We present the first meta-analysis and systematic review of serum biomarkers in patients with acromegaly or colonic polyps. The prevalence of colonic lesion polyps, is associated with higher IGF-1 × ULN levels, higher insulin levels in acromegaly. Further research is required to confirm GH and serum soluble Klotho levels as biomarkers of colonic polyps. When IGF-1 × ULN, fasting insulin levels change in patients with acromegaly, the occurrence of colonic polyps should be monitored. Early detection may reduce the possibility of developing malignant colon neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajia Fu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaozhe Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuebo Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiaoling Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Chang WY, Chiu HM. Beyond colonoscopy: Physical activity as a viable adjunct to prevent colorectal cancer. Dig Endosc 2023; 35:33-46. [PMID: 35694899 DOI: 10.1111/den.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer with an increasing incidence worldwide. The implementation of a mass screening program has been proven effective in reducing the global burden of CRC, but its effectiveness is not ideal and some metabolic derangements and lifestyle factors were reported to be attributable for such a deficit. Implementing positive lifestyle intervention as primary prevention therefore becomes critical because colorectal carcinogenesis can be promoted by several lifestyle factors, such as a lack of physical activity. Herein, we review the current evidence on the association and possible mechanisms between physical activity and CRC carcinogenesis. In addition, since CRC prevention heavily relies on resection of precancerous polyps and subsequent surveillance by colonoscopy, this review will also explore the impact of physical activity on populations with different colorectal polyp risks and its potential adjunct role in altering surveillance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yuan Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Han-Mo Chiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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31
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Kim KW, Kang HW, Yoo H, Jun Y, Lee HJ, Im JP, Kim JW, Kim JS, Koh SJ, Jung YJ. Association between severe hepatic steatosis examined by Fibroscan and the risk of high-risk colorectal neoplasia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279242. [PMID: 36548355 PMCID: PMC9778623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of colorectal neoplasm in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has increased twice as high as that in the general population. FibroScan is a new modality for evaluating hepatic steatosis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the risk of high-risk colorectal neoplasia and hepatic steatosis examined using FibroScan. This was a cross sectional study of prospectively enrolled subjects who were scheduled to undergo index colonoscopy as a health screening between March 2018 and February 2019. The severity of steatosis was graded as normal, mild, moderate, or severe using FibroScan. A total of 140 consecutive subjects were enrolled and sequentially examined using FibroScan and colonoscopy. Subjects with hepatic steatosis had more high-risk colorectal neoplasia than those without hepatic steatosis. In addition, tumor size was larger in subjects with hepatic steatosis. In multivariable analysis, severe hepatic steatosis was an independent risk factor for high-risk colorectal neoplasia (adjusted odds ratio: 3.309, confidence interval: 1.043-10.498, p = 0.042). Alcohol consumption was also identified as a risk factor for high-risk colorectal neoplasia. In conclusion, severe hepatic steatosis on FibroScan is associated with the development of high-risk colorectal neoplasia. Thus, physicians should be aware of the association between colorectal neoplasia and hepatic steatosis assessed by FibroScan and its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Intestinal Mucosa and Skin Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun Woo Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Intestinal Mucosa and Skin Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yukyung Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Intestinal Mucosa and Skin Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Laboratory of Intestinal Mucosa and Skin Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Joon Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Intestinal Mucosa and Skin Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YJJ); (S-JK)
| | - Yong Jin Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (YJJ); (S-JK)
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Ennis CS, Llevenes P, Qiu Y, Dries R, Denis GV. The crosstalk within the breast tumor microenvironment in type II diabetes: Implications for cancer disparities. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1044670. [PMID: 36531496 PMCID: PMC9751481 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1044670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-driven (type 2) diabetes (T2D), the most common metabolic disorder, both increases the incidence of all molecular subtypes of breast cancer and decreases survival in postmenopausal women. Despite this clear link, T2D and the associated dysfunction of diverse tissues is often not considered during the standard of care practices in oncology and, moreover, is treated as exclusion criteria for many emerging clinical trials. These guidelines have caused the biological mechanisms that associate T2D and breast cancer to be understudied. Recently, it has been illustrated that the breast tumor microenvironment (TME) composition and architecture, specifically the surrounding cellular and extracellular structures, dictate tumor progression and are directly relevant for clinical outcomes. In addition to the epithelial cancer cell fraction, the breast TME is predominantly made up of cancer-associated fibroblasts, adipocytes, and is often infiltrated by immune cells. During T2D, signal transduction among these cell types is aberrant, resulting in a dysfunctional breast TME that communicates with nearby cancer cells to promote oncogenic processes, cancer stem-like cell formation, pro-metastatic behavior and increase the risk of recurrence. As these cells are non-malignant, despite their signaling abnormalities, data concerning their function is never captured in DNA mutational databases, thus we have limited insight into mechanism from publicly available datasets. We suggest that abnormal adipocyte and immune cell exhaustion within the breast TME in patients with obesity and metabolic disease may elicit greater transcriptional plasticity and cellular heterogeneity within the expanding population of malignant epithelial cells, compared to the breast TME of a non-obese, metabolically normal patient. These challenges are particularly relevant to cancer disparities settings where the fraction of patients seen within the breast medical oncology practice also present with co-morbid obesity and metabolic disease. Within this review, we characterize the changes to the breast TME during T2D and raise urgent molecular, cellular and translational questions that warrant further study, considering the growing prevalence of T2D worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S. Ennis
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pablo Llevenes
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yuhan Qiu
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ruben Dries
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gerald V. Denis
- Boston University-Boston Medical Center Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Shipley Prostate Cancer Research Professor, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Pharmacogenetics Role of Genetic Variants in Immune-Related Factors: A Systematic Review Focusing on mCRC. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112468. [PMID: 36432658 PMCID: PMC9693433 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics plays a key role in personalized cancer treatment. Currently, the clinically available pharmacogenetic markers for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are in genes related to drug metabolism, such as DPYD for fluoropyrimidines and UGT1A1 for irinotecan. Recently, the impact of host variability in inflammatory and immune-response genes on treatment response has gained considerable attention, opening innovative perspectives for optimizing tailored mCRC therapy. A literature review was performed on the predictive role of immune-related germline genetic biomarkers on pharmacological outcomes in patients with mCRC. Particularly, that for efficacy and toxicity was reported and the potential role for clinical management of patients was discussed. Most of the available data regard therapy effectiveness, while the impact on toxicity remains limited. Several studies focused on the effects of polymorphisms in genes related to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (FCGR2A, FCGR3A) and yielded promising but inconclusive results on cetuximab efficacy. The remaining published data are sparse and mainly hypothesis-generating but suggest potentially interesting topics for future pharmacogenetic studies, including innovative gene-drug interactions in a clinical context. Besides the tumor immune escape pathway, genetic markers belonging to cytokines/interleukins (IL-8 and its receptors) and angiogenic mediators (IGF1) seem to be the best investigated and hopefully most promising to be translated into clinical practice after validation.
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Shin HS, Cho YJ. Insulin levels are associated with risk of colon adenoma and not nonadenomatous polyps: A retrospective, hospital-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30200. [PMID: 36042665 PMCID: PMC9410615 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the prevalence of colorectal cancer has been increasing in Korea. Several studies have reported that adenomatous polyps, known as precancerous lesions, are associated with increased blood insulin levels. The principal objective of the present study was to examine the correlation between insulin levels and colon polyps in subjects without a history of diabetes or colorectal cancer. From January 2, 2018 to December 31, 2019, 3277 adults who visited the University Hospital Health Examination Center and underwent colonoscopy were included in this study. Insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting blood glucose levels were measured, and past medical history, alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity were assessed using self-administered questionnaires. Among the 3277 subjects, the prevalence of adenomatous and nonadenomatous lesions were 22.2% and 11.5%, respectively. The mean values of insulin, HbA1c, and fasting blood glucose were significantly increased in the adenomatous and nonadenomatous polyp groups compared to the normal group. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of adenoma (odds ratio [OR] 1.483; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.170-1.878) and nonadenomatous polyps (OR 1.415; 95% CI, 1.038-1.929) were increased in the high insulin level group (≥7.36 uIU/mL), and only the risk of adenoma (OR 1.312; 95% CI, 1.003-1.718) was significantly higher after adjustment for disturbance variables. This study suggests that an increase in insulin levels is a significant risk factor for colon adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwang Sik Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
- *Correspondence: Yong Jin Cho, Department of Family Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, 31 Soonchunhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 330-721, Korea (e-mail: )
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The Insulin-like Growth Factor System and Colorectal Cancer. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081274. [PMID: 36013453 PMCID: PMC9410426 DOI: 10.3390/life12081274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are peptides which exert mitogenic, endocrine and cytokine activities. Together with their receptors, binding proteins and associated molecules, they participate in numerous pathophysiological processes, including cancer development. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide, whose etiology usually represents a combination of the environmental and genetic factors. IGFs are most often increased in CRC, enabling excessive autocrine/paracrine stimulation of the cell growth. Overexpression or increased activation/accessibility of IGF receptors is a coinciding step which transmits IGF-related signals. A number of molecules and biochemical mechanisms exert modulatory effects shaping the final outcome of the IGF-stimulated processes, frequently leading to neoplastic transformation in the case of irreparable disbalance. The IGF system and related molecules and pathways which participate in the development of CRC are the focus of this review.
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Duraiyarasan S, Adefuye M, Manjunatha N, Ganduri V, Rajasekaran K. Colon Cancer and Obesity: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e27589. [PMID: 36059323 PMCID: PMC9433794 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has played a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Obesity has shown to increase the blood levels of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), leptin, resistin, inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) which in turn acts via various signaling pathways to induce colonic cell proliferation and in turn CRC development. It has been shown that estrogen can prevent and cause CRC based on which receptor it acts. Obese patients have relatively low levels of ghrelin and adiponectin that inhibit cell proliferation which further adds to their risk of developing CRC. Obesity can alter the microbial flora of the gut in such a way as to favor carcinogenesis. Weight loss and good physical activity have been related to a reduced incidence of CRC; obese individuals should be screened for CRC and counseled about the importance of weight reduction, diet, and exercise. The best way of screening is using BMI and waist circumference (WC) to calculate the CRC risk in obese people. This study has reviewed the association between obesity and its pathophysiological association with CRC development.
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Li X, Yang J, Wang X, Gao X. The association of IGF1 rs35767 polymorphism with colorectal cancer risk in the Chinese Han population. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:815-823. [PMID: 35634724 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2081703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) plays an important role in the development and growth of colorectal cancer (CRC). Hence, potential functional polymorphisms of the IGF1 gene may be involved in CRC risk. This study mainly aimed to assess the association of IGF1 rs35767 polymorphism with CRC risk in the Chinese Han population by a case-control study and a pooled analysis. In a case-control study with 208 CRC patients and 312 healthy individuals, the rs35767 polymorphism was genotyped by DNA sequencing. Furthermore, a pooled analysis of two case-control studies was performed using Stata software. IGF1 rs35767 polymorphism was significantly associated with CRC risk in both a case-control study (AA vs. GG: OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.35-3.80, P = 0.003; AA vs. (GG + GA): OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.44-3.74, P = 0.001; A vs. G: OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.11-1.85, P = 0.007) and a pooled analysis [(GA + AA) versus GG: OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.03-1.63, P = 0.03; A versus G: OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.08-1.53, P = 0.01]. In addition, the IGF1 rs35767 polymorphism was also significantly associated with the stage of CRC. CRC patients with the rs35767 A allele were more likely to have a high tumor stage. These findings indicated that IGF1 rs35767 polymorphism was linked to CRC risk and tumor stage in the Chinese Han population, and might serve as a valuable biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Physical Examination Centre, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueren Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
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Kanehara R, Goto A, Watanabe T, Inoue K, Taguri M, Kobayashi S, Imai K, Saito E, Katanoda K, Iwasaki M, Ohashi K, Noda M, Higashi T. Association Between Diabetes and Adjuvant Chemotherapy Implementation in Patients with Stage III Colorectal Cancer. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:1771-1778. [PMID: 35588283 PMCID: PMC9533042 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, pre‐existing diabetes is suggested to influence poor prognosis, but the impact on adjuvant chemotherapy implementation is largely unknown. We aimed to compare the implementation rate of adjuvant chemotherapy between CRC patients with and without pre‐existing diabetes in a retrospective cohort study. Materials and Methods Colorectal cancer diagnosis information was obtained from the hospital‐based cancer registry of patients with stage III CRC who underwent curative surgery in 2013 in Japan (n = 6,344). Health claims data were used to identify diabetes and chemotherapy. We examined the association between diabetes and the implementation rate of adjuvant chemotherapy using a generalized linear model adjusted for age, sex, updated Charlson Comorbidity Index, hospital type and prefecture. Furthermore, we applied a mediation analysis to examine the extent to which postoperative complications mediated the association. Results Of the 6,344 patients, 1,266 (20.0%) had diabetes. The mean ages were 68.2 and 71.3 years for patients without and with diabetes, respectively. Compared with those without diabetes, patients with diabetes were less likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy (crude rate 58.9 and 49.8%; adjusted percentage point difference 4.6; 95% confidence interval 1.7–7.5). The difference was evident for patients aged <80 years, and larger for platinum‐containing regimens than others. Mediation analysis showed that postoperative complications explained 9.1% of the inverse association between diabetes and adjuvant chemotherapy implementation. Conclusions We observed that patients with stage III CRC and diabetes are less likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy than those without diabetes, and postoperative complications might partially account for the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Kanehara
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Health Data Science, Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Tomone Watanabe
- Division of Health Services Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kosuke Inoue
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California 90095-1772, USA
| | - Masataka Taguri
- Department of Data Science, Yokohama City University School of Data Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medical Oncology Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-0815, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Imai
- Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Eiko Saito
- Division of Surveillance and Policy Evaluation, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kota Katanoda
- Division of Surveillance and Policy Evaluation, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Ken Ohashi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Noda
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Ichikawa Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0827, Japan
| | - Takahiro Higashi
- Division of Health Services Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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39
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An S, Park S. Association of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With the Risk of Colorectal Cancer. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e158. [PMID: 35578589 PMCID: PMC9110266 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although recent evidence supports that prolonged sedentary behavior and reduced physical activity are associated with colorectal cancer risk, there are few studies analyzing the colorectal cancer risk according to different types of physical activity and combined effects of sedentary behavior and physical activity on colorectal cancer. This study aimed to investigate the association of sedentary behavior and physical activity with colorectal cancer. METHODS A cross-sectional study included a total of 33,403 participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2014 to 2019. Sedentary behavior was dichotomized into < 10 hr/day and ≥ 10 hr/day, and three types of physical activity were investigated, including leisure-time, occupational, and transportation physical activity. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the risk of colorectal cancer in relation to sedentary behavior and physical activity. RESULTS Sedentary behavior was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (odds ratio [OR] 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-2.21), while the different domains of physical activity were not significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk. In a combined analysis, those with sedentary behavior and without physical activity showed an increased risk of colorectal cancer compared to that of the reference category without sedentary behavior and with physical activity (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.02-2.16). CONCLUSION This study found that sedentary behavior was significantly associated with the increased risk of colorectal cancer. Moreover, sedentary behavior without physical activity increased the risk of colorectal cancer. Reducing sedentary behavior and recommending any type of physical activity may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun An
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sungjin Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Incheon Nasaret International Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
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Sultana S, Bouyahya A, Rebezov M, Shariati MA, Balahbib A, Khouchlaa A, El Yaagoubi OM, Khaliq A, Omari NE, Bakrim S, Zengin G, Akram M, Khayrullin M, Bogonosova I, Mahmud S, Simal-Gandara J. Impacts of nutritive and bioactive compounds on cancer development and therapy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9187-9216. [PMID: 35416738 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2062699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
For persons who survive with progressive cancer, nutritional therapy and exercise may be significant factors to improve the health condition and life quality of cancer patients. Nutritional therapy and medications are essential to managing progressive cancer. Cancer survivors, as well as cancer patients, are mostly extremely encouraged to search for knowledge about the selection of diet, exercise, and dietary supplements to recover as well as maintain their treatment consequences, living quality, and survival of patients. A healthy diet plays an important role in cancer treatment. Different articles are studied to collect information and knowledge about the use of nutrients in cancer treatment as well as cancer prevention. The report deliberates nutrition and exercise strategies during the range of cancer care, emphasizing significant concerns during treatment of cancer and for patients of advanced cancer, but concentrating mostly on the requirements of the population of persons who are healthy or who have constant disease following their repossession from management. It also deliberates choice nutrition and exercise problems such as dietary supplements, food care, food selections, and weight; problems interrelated to designated cancer sites, and common questions about diet, and cancer survival. Decrease the side effects of medicines both during and after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabira Sultana
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathology Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathology, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V M Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Abdelaali Balahbib
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Genome, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Aya Khouchlaa
- Laboratory of Human Pathology Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathology, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ouadie Mohamed El Yaagoubi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment and Agri-Food (URAC 36) - Faculty of Sciences and Techniques - Mohammedia, Hassan II University Casablanca - Morocco
| | - Adnan Khaliq
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Pakistan
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Saad Bakrim
- Molecular Engineering, Valorization and Environment Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mars Khayrullin
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Bogonosova
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Shafi Mahmud
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
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Meshkini F, Ramezani‐Jolfaie N, Sargazi S, Clark CC, Soltani S. The effects of lycopene supplementation on
insulin‐like
growth factor‐1 and
insulin‐like
growth factor binding proteins: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1633-1643. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Meshkini
- Department of Biochemistry, School of medicine Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
- Student Research Committee Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
| | - Nahid Ramezani‐Jolfaie
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan Iran
| | - Cain C.T. Clark
- Faculty Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare Coventry University Coventry UK
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non‐communicable Diseases Research Institute Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran
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Wang S, Wang YX, Sandoval-Insausti H, Farland LV, Shifren JL, Zhang D, Manson JE, Birmann BM, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL, Missmer SA, Chavarro JE. Menstrual cycle characteristics and incident cancer: a prospective cohort study. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:341-351. [PMID: 34893843 PMCID: PMC8804333 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are menstrual cycle characteristics throughout the reproductive lifespan associated with cancer risk? SUMMARY ANSWER Irregular and long menstrual cycles throughout the reproductive lifespan were associated with increased risk of total invasive cancer, especially obesity-related cancers. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Long and irregular menstrual cycles have been associated with lower risk of pre-menopausal breast cancer and higher risk of endometrial cancer, but associations with other malignancies are less clear. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Prospective cohort study. Prospective follow-up of 78 943 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study II between 1989 and 2015. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We followed 78 943 pre-menopausal women without cancer history who reported the usual length and regularity of their menstrual cycles at different ages (14-17, 18-22 and 29-46 years). Cancer diagnosis was confirmed through medical record review and classified as obesity-related (colorectal, gallbladder, kidney, multiple myeloma, thyroid, pancreatic, esophageal, gastric, liver, endometrial, ovarian and post-menopausal breast) or non-obesity-related. We fitted Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of the association between menstrual cycle characteristics and cancer incidence. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We documented 5794 incident cancer cases during 1 646 789 person-years of follow-up. After adjusting for BMI and other potential confounders, women reporting irregular cycles at age 29-46 years had an 11% (95% CI: 2-21%) higher risk of total invasive cancer than women reporting very regular cycles at the same age. This association was limited to obesity-related cancers, with a 23% (95% CI: 9-39%) higher risk and was strongest for endometrial cancer (HR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.09-1.77). Findings were comparable for cycle characteristics earlier in life and for menstrual cycle length. Very irregular cycles at age 14-17 years were associated with significant increase in risk of colorectal cancer (HR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.02-1.81). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our study might be subject to recall bias for findings pertaining to cycle characteristics in adolescence and early adulthood, as these were retrospectively reported. Generalizability to non-White women may be limited, as 96% of participants were White. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Women with irregular or long menstrual cycles in mid-adulthood had a statistically significantly higher risk of developing cancer, especially obesity-related cancers. This association was not limited to gynecological cancers. Obesity-related cancers may need to be added to the spectrum of long-term health consequences of long or irregular cycles, possibly warranting targeted screening among women who experience long or irregular cycles in mid-adulthood. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST This work was supported by grants U01 CA176726, U01 HL145386 and R01 HD096033 from the National Institutes of Health. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Leslie V Farland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman University of Arizona College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jan L Shifren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Midlife Women’s Health Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan Zhang
- Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Targeting the IGF-1R in prostate and colorectal cancer: reasons behind trial failure and future directions. Ther Deliv 2022; 13:167-186. [PMID: 35029130 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2021-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IGF-1Rs enact a significant part in cancer growth and its progress. IGF-1R inhibitors were encouraged in the early trials, but the patients did not benefit due to the unavailability of predictive biomarkers and IGF-1R system complexity. However, the linkage between IGF-1R and cancer was reported three decades ago. This review will shed light on the IGF-1R system, targeting IGF-1R through monoclonal antibodies, reasons behind IGF-1R trial failure and future directions. This study presented that targeting IGF-1R through monoclonal antibodies is still effective in cancer treatment, and there is a need to look for future directions. Cancer patients may benefit from using mAbs that target existing and new cancer targets, evidenced by promising results. It is also essential that the academician, trial experts and pharmaceutical companies play their role in finding a treatment for this deadly disease.
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Akhundova LA, R Rustamova Z, R Alibayova G, Sh Mustafayev N, M Huseynova I. Possible Role of rs7903146 Polymorphism of the Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Gene in Genetic Predisposition to Type 2 Diabetes. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:218-225. [PMID: 35234012 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.218.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> The association of rs7903146 polymorphism of TCF7L2 gene with Type 2 diabetes mellitus found almost in all ethnic groups. Therefore, the current study focused on estimating this association in the Azerbaijan population for the 1st time. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A study was conducted on 110 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and 115 healthy controls. The biochemical parameters were analyzed and calculated with an independent t-test and Fisher exact test. DNA extracted from the blood samples run in PCR. PCR was used to detect the presence of TCF7L2 rs7903146 C/T polymorphism and the products of the PCR were visualized in a 1.5% gel electrophoresis. <b>Results:</b> According to the obtained data, T allele and TT genotype of rs7903146 polymorphism strongly correlated with the risk for Type 2 diabetes (odds ratio of 1.68 for T allele and p = 0.007, odds ratio of 3.9 for TT genotype, p = 0.0028). These results were adjusted by applying the recessive model (p = 0.003). Moreover, the biochemical parameters also show a significant difference in the fasting glucose level (p = 0.0001), fasting insulin (p = 0.0001), BMI (p = 0.0002) and age (p = 0.015) inpatient and control groups. <b>Conclusion:</b> Based on the results, the TCF7L2 rs7903146 (C>T) polymorphism is the genetic risk factor related to Type 2 diabetes in the Azerbaijan population.
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Watson G, Coyne Z, Houlihan E, Leonard G. Exercise oncology: an emerging discipline in the cancer care continuum. Postgrad Med 2021; 134:26-36. [PMID: 34854802 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2021.2009683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is an essential component of healthy living and well-being. While there is a global acceptance of the benefits of exercise for the general population, there exists hesitancy and confusion among health-care professionals, particularly oncologists, as to whether these benefits translate to cancer patients. Patient referrals to accessible, structured exercise programs in this setting are often overlooked by physicians when formulating a cancer management plan. There is however increasing awareness and acceptance of cancer survivorship as a part of the cancer care continuum, identifying multiple factors that contribute to well-being beyond just cancer outcomes. Efforts to optimize cancer survivorship have stimulated further academic interest in the benefits of healthy living and particularly exercise oncology. There is now compelling evidence that exercise, which includes daily activities such as walking, as well as structured programs, improves multiple-cancer outcomes such as fatigue, quality of life and likely survival, and warrants consideration in the multidisciplinary care of cancer patients. International guidelines have been established that recommend counseling cancer patients with regard to healthy lifestyle changes including exercise. However, there still remains a reluctance from oncology physicians to prescribe exercise for these patients, largely due to uncertainty with regard to their patients' ability to tolerate such an intervention, coupled with insufficient understanding of the potential benefits of these programs. There also exist patient barriers and attitudes that must be overcome. Exercise strategies and bespoke programs that are tailored to the unique abilities and goals of the patients will enhance participation. To move the field forward and integrate exercise oncology into standard practice, it is imperative to raise awareness of the benefits of exercise to cancer patients and their health-care providers. This will facilitate the prescription of exercise as part of the multimodal treatment plan with the ultimate aim of promoting an active lifestyle to optimize patient care and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Watson
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Zl Coyne
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - E Houlihan
- Department of Physiotherapy, Cancer Care West, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gd Leonard
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Patel GS, Grossmann I, Rodriguez K, Soni M, Joshi PK, Patel SC, Shreya D, Zamora DI, Sange I. Acromegaly and the Colon: Scoping Beyond the Pituitary. Cureus 2021; 13:e20018. [PMID: 34987906 PMCID: PMC8716343 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acromegaly is a complex endocrinological disorder commonly caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) typically due to pituitary gland tumors. Patients with acromegaly who are successfully treated and biochemically managed have a reasonably average life expectancy. However, it causes a cascade of multi-systemic involvement throughout the patient's life, including cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, respiratory, metabolic, neurological, neoplastic, and gastrointestinal involvement, resulting in a higher rate of hospitalization, lower quality of life, and a shorter life expectancy. Although cardiovascular complications are the primary cause of death in patients with acromegaly, malignancy is now emerging as a major killer in these individuals. Colorectal carcinoma has been reported to be prevalent in acromegaly individuals. This review article has compiled studies to demonstrate a link between acromegaly and colorectal neoplasia, intending to provide a strong foundation for their clinical relationship. This article has summarised a potential pathogenic mechanism and provided insights into the clinical presentation of such patients. Furthermore, this article has provided a brief overview of current screening recommendations for colorectal neoplasia in acromegaly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautami S Patel
- Internal Medicine, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, IND
| | - Idan Grossmann
- Research, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice Faculty of Medical Sciences Katowice, Katowice, POL
| | - Kevin Rodriguez
- Research, Universidad Americana (UAM) Facultad de Medicina, Managua, NIC
| | - Mridul Soni
- Research, Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Government Medical College, Mandi, IND
| | - Pranay K Joshi
- Research, Department of Medicine, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | | | | | - Diana I Zamora
- General Medicine, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Andrés Vesalio Guzman, San José, CRI
| | - Ibrahim Sange
- Research, K. J. Somaiya Medical College, Mumbai, IND
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Asadi A, Farahani H, Mahmoudi T, Tabaeian SP, Rezamand G, Mohammadbeigi A, Dabiri R, Nobakht H, Rezvan S, Mohammadi F. CIRCULATING GHRELIN LEVELS AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO COLORECTAL CÂNCER. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2021; 58:316-321. [PMID: 34705965 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202100000-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Considering the association between colorectal cancer (CRC) and both insulin resistance and obesity, and the prominent role of ghrelin in these metabolic disorders, we explored whether plasma levels of ghrelin were associated with CRC. Moreover, in the patients with CRC the possible correlations between ghrelin and insulin, insulin resistance, and body mass index (BMI) as an indicator of obesity were examined. METHODS A total of 170 subjects, including 82 cases with CRC and 88 controls were enrolled in this study. Plasma levels of ghrelin, insulin, and glucose were measured in all the subjects using ELISA and glucose oxidase methods. Furthermore, insulin resistance was assessed by calculating HOMA-IR index. RESULTS The cases with CRC had decreased ghrelin levels (P<0.001) and a higher HOMA-IR index (P<0.001) than controls. Interestingly, when CRC patients were stratified based on tumor site, lower ghrelin levels and a higher HOMA-IR index were observed in the patients with either colon or rectal cancer vs. controls too. Additionally, there were an age and BMI-independent negative correlation between ghrelin levels and HOMA-IR (r=-0.365, P<0.05), and an age-independent negative correlation between ghrelin levels and BMI (r=-0.335, P<0.05) in the rectal subgroup. CONCLUSION Our findings support a role for ghrelin in connection with insulin resistance and obesity in CRC susceptibility; however, it needs to be corroborated by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asadollah Asadi
- University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hamid Farahani
- Qom University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Qom, Iran
| | - Touraj Mahmoudi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seidamir Pasha Tabaeian
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tehran, Iran.,Iran University of Medical Sciences, Colorectal Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Rezamand
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Colorectal Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi
- Qom University of Medical Sciences, School of Health, Health Policy and Promotion Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, Qom, Iran
| | - Reza Dabiri
- Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine Department, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hossein Nobakht
- Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine Department, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sajad Rezvan
- Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadi
- Qom University of Medical Sciences, Deputy of Research and Technology, Qom, Iran
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Seo JY, Bae JH, Kwak MS, Yang JI, Chung SJ, Yim JY, Lim SH, Chung GE. The Risk of Colorectal Adenoma in Nonalcoholic or Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1401. [PMID: 34680518 PMCID: PMC8533199 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease associated with various metabolic disorders. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) emphasizes metabolic dysfunction in NAFLD. Although the relationship between NAFLD and colorectal adenomas has been suggested, the effect of MAFLD on colorectal adenoma has yet to be investigated. In this study, we examined the relationship between NAFLD/MAFLD and colorectal adenoma in comparison with other metabolic factors. METHODS Examinees who underwent colonoscopy and abdominal ultrasonography on the same day from January 2012 to December 2012 were included. NAFLD was diagnosed according to the findings of ultrasonography. The Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index was used as a surrogate marker for advanced hepatic fibrosis. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk of NAFLD/MAFLD for colorectal adenoma. RESULTS The prevalence of NAFLD and MAFLD was 37.5% and 32.8%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, male sex, older age, diabetes, and smoking increased the risk of colorectal adenoma. NAFLD and MAFLD were the most important risk factors for colorectal adenoma only in females [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.43 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-2.03, and OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.09-2.20, respectively]. NAFLD and MAFLD with an advanced fibrosis index were significantly associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma. (NAFLD: OR 1.38, 95% CI, 1.04-1.83, p = 0.027; MAFLD: OR 1.45, 95% CI, 1.13-1.96, p = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION NAFLD and MAFLD were significantly associated with a higher risk of colorectal adenomas, especially in females. NAFLD and MAFLD with advanced fibrosis were associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma. Colonoscopic examinations may be emphasized for patients with NAFLD/MAFLD, for women, or patients with the presence of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Goh-Eun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, 39FL., Gangnam Finance Center 737, Yeoksam-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-984, Korea; (J.-Y.S.); (J.-H.B.); (M.-S.K.); (J.-I.Y.); (S.-J.C.); (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-H.L.)
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Olatunde A, Nigam M, Singh RK, Panwar AS, Lasisi A, Alhumaydhi FA, Jyoti Kumar V, Mishra AP, Sharifi-Rad J. Cancer and diabetes: the interlinking metabolic pathways and repurposing actions of antidiabetic drugs. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:499. [PMID: 34535145 PMCID: PMC8447515 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are regarded as one of the main causes of death and result in high health burden worldwide. The management of cancer include chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy. The chemotherapy, which involves the use of chemical agents with cytotoxic actions is utilised as a single treatment or combined treatment. However, these managements of cancer such as chemotherapy poses some setbacks such as cytotoxicity on normal cells and the problem of anticancer drug resistance. Therefore, the use of other therapeutic agents such as antidiabetic drugs is one of the alternative interventions used in addressing some of the limitations in the use of anticancer agents. Antidiabetic drugs such as sulfonylureas, biguanides and thiazolidinediones showed beneficial and repurposing actions in the management of cancer, thus, the activities of these drugs against cancer is attributed to some of the metabolic links between the two disorders and these includes hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress as well as obesity. Furthermore, some studies showed that the use of antidiabetic drugs could serve as risk factors for the development of cancerous cells particularly pancreatic cancer. However, the beneficial role of these chemical agents overweighs their detrimental actions in cancer management. Hence, the present review indicates the metabolic links between cancer and diabetes and the mechanistic actions of antidiabetic drugs in the management of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Olatunde
- Department of Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, 740272, Nigeria
| | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India.
| | - Rahul Kunwar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Abhaya Shikhar Panwar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Abdulwahab Lasisi
- Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Hermitage Lane, Maidstone, Kent, ME169QQ, UK
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijay Jyoti Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Garhwal, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Free State, 205, Nelson Mandela Drive, Park West, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Growth Performance, Biochemical Blood Indices, and Large Intestine Physiology of Rats Fed Diets with Alfalfa Protein-Xanthophyll Concentrate. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072069. [PMID: 34359197 PMCID: PMC8300265 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of dietary levels of alfalfa protein-xanthophyll concentrate (PXC) was determined in growing rats. Three groups of eight four-week-old male Wistar rats, with an average initial body weight of 61 g, were fed for 28 days either natural-ingredient diets without PXC or supplemented with 1.5% or 3% PXC. Growth performance, blood biochemistry, caecal fermentation, morphology of the large intestine, and mucin gene expression were evaluated. PXC did not affect growth performance but tended to decrease relative liver weight. Among biochemical blood parameters, only bilirubin decreased and uric acid increased in response to 1.5% and 3% PXC, respectively. Caecal fermentation was not affected, with the exception of isovaleric acid concentration, which tended to be higher in rats fed the diet containing 3% PXC. Colonic crypts tended to be deeper in rats fed the 3% PXC diet and the thickness of the colonic mucus layer was reduced by both PXC levels. In conclusion, PXC did not affect growth performance or caecal fermentation but decreased thickness of the protective mucus layer in the colon.
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