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Li S, Wang Z, Liu G, Chen M. Neurodegenerative diseases and catechins: (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate is a modulator of chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1425839. [PMID: 39149548 PMCID: PMC11326534 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1425839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Catechins, a class of phytochemicals found in various fruits and tea leaves, have garnered attention for their diverse health-promoting properties, including their potential in combating neurodegenerative diseases. Among these catechins, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are key pathological mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). EGCG has neuroprotective efficacy due to scavenging free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and attenuating neuroinflammatory processes. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of EGCG's anti-oxidative stress and chronic neuroinflammation, emphasizing its effects on autoimmune responses, neuroimmune system interactions, and focusing on the related effects on AD and PD. By elucidating EGCG's mechanisms of action and its impact on neurodegenerative processes, this review underscores the potential of EGCG as a therapeutic intervention for AD, PD, and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases. Overall, EGCG emerges as a promising natural compound for combating chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, offering novel avenues for neuroprotective strategies in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Li
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurology, The Yuhuan People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zaoyi Wang
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Meixia Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Yuhuan People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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DeBenedictis JN, Murrell C, Hauser D, van Herwijnen M, Elen B, de Kok TM, van Breda SG. Effects of Different Combinations of Phytochemical-Rich Fruits and Vegetables on Chronic Disease Risk Markers and Gene Expression Changes: Insights from the MiBLEND Study, a Randomized Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:915. [PMID: 39199161 PMCID: PMC11351619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Adequate fruit and vegetable (F and V) intake, as recommended by the World Health Organization (over 400 g/day), is linked to reduced chronic disease risk. However, human intervention trials, especially with whole F and V and in complex combinations, are lacking. The MiBlend Study explored the effects of various phytochemical-rich F and V combinations on chronic disease risk markers, phytochemical absorption, and gene expression in blood. This randomized cross-over study involved participants consuming two of seven different F and V blends for 2 weeks (450 g/day), following a 2-week low F and V intake period (50 g/day). Each blend represented major phytochemical classes (flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and glucosinolates) or combinations thereof. Markers of chronic disease risk, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, and retinal microvasculature, were measured. Increasing F and V intake significantly improved plasma antioxidant capacity, DNA damage protection, and retinal arteriolar dilation. Flavonoid-rich, carotenoid-rich, and complex blends notably reduced DNA damage susceptibility. Anthocyanin-rich and carotenoid-rich interventions were most effective in boosting antioxidant capacity, while blends high in flavonoids, especially combined with anthocyanins, significantly improved retinal microvasculature. Gene expression analysis revealed changes in DNA repair, signal transduction, and transcription processes, indicating mechanisms for these health benefits. The study suggests specific F and V blends can provide targeted health improvements, emphasizing the importance of both overall F and V intake and the specific phytochemical composition for personalized preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N. DeBenedictis
- Toxicogenomics Department, GROW School of Oncology & Reproduction, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Courtney Murrell
- Toxicogenomics Department, GROW School of Oncology & Reproduction, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Duncan Hauser
- Toxicogenomics Department, GROW School of Oncology & Reproduction, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel van Herwijnen
- Toxicogenomics Department, GROW School of Oncology & Reproduction, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Elen
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Theo M. de Kok
- Toxicogenomics Department, GROW School of Oncology & Reproduction, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone G. van Breda
- Toxicogenomics Department, GROW School of Oncology & Reproduction, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Nilofar, Ahmed S, Zengin G, Di Simone SC, Acquaviva A, Libero ML, Chiavaroli A, Orlando G, Tacchini M, Di Vito M, Menghini L, Ferrante C. Combining the Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Properties of Selected Essential Oils with their Chemical Components by GC-MS Analysis. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400738. [PMID: 38695450 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In the current investigation, a comprehensive analysis was carried out on essential oils (EOs) extracted from six aromatic plant species, namely Rosmarinus officinalis, Pelargonium graveolens, Thymus vulgaris, Origanum vulgare, Laurus nobilis, and Aloysia citrodora. An exploration was conducted into the chemical composition using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), antioxidant properties assessed through DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, MCA, and PBD assays, ecotoxicological impacts evaluated via allelopathy and the Daphnia magna heartbeat test, as well as bio-pharmacological effects including anticancer activity and gene expression analysis. Results revealed strong antioxidant activity in all essential oils, with T. vulgaris EO (2748.00 mg TE/g) and O. vulgare EO (2609.29 mg TE/g) leading in CUPRAC assay. R. officinalis EO showed the highest α-amylase inhibition at 1.58 mmol ACAE/g, while O. vulgare EO excelled in α-glucosidase inhibition at 1.57 mmol ACAE/g. Additionally, cytotoxic effects were evaluated on human colorectal cancer (HCT116) cells. A. citrodora, O. vulgare, and R. officinalis EOs were found the most potent anticancer, as also witnessed by their higher modulatory effects on the gene expression of BAX and Bcl-2. Collectively, the present data highlight the importance to implement the knowledge and to valorize the supply chain of aromatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilofar
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei, Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130, Konya, Turkey
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Foodomics Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130, Konya, Turkey
| | - Simonetta Cristina Di Simone
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei, Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandra Acquaviva
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei, Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Loreta Libero
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei, Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei, Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei, Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Tacchini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (SVeB), UR7 Terra&Acqua Tech, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maura Di Vito
- Dip. di Scienze biotecnologiche di base, cliniche intensivologiche e perioperatorie Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore 24, Largo Agostino Gemelli 1, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei, Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, Botanic Garden "Giardino dei, Semplici", Università degli Studi "Gabriele d'Annunzio", via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Mohan CD, Shanmugam MK, Gowda SGS, Chinnathambi A, Rangappa KS, Sethi G. c-MET pathway in human malignancies and its targeting by natural compounds for cancer therapy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155379. [PMID: 38503157 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase which is classically activated by HGF to activate its downstream signaling cascades such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and STAT3. The c-MET modulates cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune response, morphogenesis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The c-MET has been shown to serve a prominent role in embryogenesis and early development. The c-MET pathway is deregulated in a broad range of malignancies, due to overexpression of ligands or receptors, genomic amplification, and MET mutations. The link between the deregulation of c-MET signaling and tumor progression has been well-documented. Overexpression or overactivation of c-MET is associated with dismal clinical outcomes and acquired resistance to targeted therapies. Since c-MET activation results in the triggering of oncogenic pathways, abrogating the c-MET pathway is considered to be a pivotal strategy in cancer therapeutics. Herein, an analysis of role of the c-MET pathway in human cancers and its relevance in bone metastasis and therapeutic resistance has been undertaken. Also, an attempt has been made to summarize the inhibitory activity of selected natural compounds towards c-MET signaling in cancers. METHODS The publications related to c-MET pathway in malignancies and its natural compound modulators were obtained from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar and summarized based on PRISMA guidelines. Some of the keywords used for extracting relevant literature are c-MET, natural compound inhibitors of c-MET, c-MET in liver cancer, c-MET in breast cancer, c-MET in lung cancer, c-MET in pancreatic cancer, c-MET in head and neck cancer, c-MET in bone metastasis, c-MET in therapeutic resistance, and combination of c-MET inhibitors and chemotherapeutic agents. The chemical structure of natural compounds was verified in PubChem database. RESULTS The search yielded 3935 publications, of which 195 reference publications were used for our analysis. Clinical trials were referenced using ClinicalTrials.gov identifier. The c-MET pathway has been recognized as a prominent target to combat the growth, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance in cancers. The key role of the c-MET in bone metastasis as well as therapeutic resistance has been elaborated. Also, suppressive effect of selected natural compounds on the c-MET pathway in clinical/preclinical studies has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya Mohan
- FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001, India
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | | | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kanchugarakoppal S Rangappa
- Institution of Excellence, Vijnana Bhavan, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka 570006, India.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
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Jia S, Li L, Yu C, Peng F. Natural products' antiangiogenic roles in gynecological cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1353056. [PMID: 38751791 PMCID: PMC11094279 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1353056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Gynecological cancers pose a significant threat to women's health. Although the pathogenesis of gynecological cancer remains incompletely understood, angiogenesis is widely acknowledged as a fundamental pathological mechanism driving tumor cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. Targeting angiogenesis through natural products has emerged as a crucial strategy for treating gynecological cancer. In this review, we conducted comprehensive searches in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct, and CNKI databases from the first publication until May 2023 to identify natural products that target angiogenesis in gynecologic tumors. Our findings revealed 63 natural products with anti-angiogenic activity against gynecological cancer. These results underscore the significance of these natural products in augmenting their anticancer effects by modulating other factors within the tumor microenvironment via their impact on angiogenesis. This article focuses on exploring the potential of natural products in targeting blood vessels within gynecological cancer to provide novel research perspectives for targeted vascular therapy while laying a solid theoretical foundation for new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangmei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Chenghao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fu Peng
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Wruck W, Genfi AKA, Adjaye J. Natural Products in Renal-Associated Drug Discovery. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1599. [PMID: 37627594 PMCID: PMC10451693 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The global increase in the incidence of kidney failure constitutes a major public health problem. Kidney disease is classified into acute and chronic: acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with an abrupt decline in kidney function and chronic kidney disease (CKD) with chronic renal failure for more than three months. Although both kidney syndromes are multifactorial, inflammation and oxidative stress play major roles in the diversity of processes leading to these kidney malfunctions. Here, we reviewed various publications on medicinal plants with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties with the potential to treat and manage kidney-associated diseases in rodent models. Additionally, we conducted a meta-analysis to identify gene signatures and associated biological processes perturbed in human and mouse cells treated with antioxidants such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the active ingredient in green tea, and the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (GL) and in kidney disease rodent models. We identified EGCG- and GL-regulated gene signatures linked to metabolism; inflammation (NRG1, E2F1, NFKB1 and JUN); ion signalling; transport; renal processes (SLC12A1 and LOX) and VEGF, ERBB and BDNF signalling. Medicinal plant extracts are proving to be effective for the prevention, management and treatment of kidney-associated diseases; however, more detailed characterisations of their targets are needed to enable more trust in their application in the management of kidney-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasco Wruck
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Afua Kobi Ampem Genfi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, University for Development Studies, Nyankpala P.O. Box TL 1882, Ghana
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- EGA Institute for Women's Health, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Diseases in Children (ZCR), University College London (UCL), 20 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
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Garg P, Awasthi S, Horne D, Salgia R, Singhal SS. The innate effects of plant secondary metabolites in preclusion of gynecologic cancers: Inflammatory response and therapeutic action. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188929. [PMID: 37286146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gynecologic cancers can make up the bulk of cancers in both humans and animals. The stage of diagnosis and the type of tumor, its origin, and its spread are a few of the factors that influence how effectively a treatment modality works. Currently, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery are the major treatment options recommended for the eradication of malignancies. The use of several anti-carcinogenic drugs increases the chance of harmful side effects, and patients might not react to the treatments as expected. The significance of the relationship between inflammation and cancer has been underscored by recent research. As a result, it has been shown that a variety of phytochemicals with beneficial bioactive effects on inflammatory pathways have the potential to act as anti-carcinogenic medications for the treatment of gynecologic cancer. The current paper reviews the significance of inflammatory pathways in gynecologic malignancies and discusses the role of plants-derived secondary metabolites that are useful in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Garg
- Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Cayman Health, CTMH Doctors Hospital in Cayman Islands, George Town, Grand Cayman, USA
| | - David Horne
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Bioactive Compounds as Inhibitors of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Dysfunctions via Regulation of Cellular Redox Balance and Histone Acetylation State. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050925. [PMID: 36900446 PMCID: PMC10000917 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds (BCs) are known to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties by regulating the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state. BCs can control chronic oxidative states caused by dietary stress, i.e., alcohol, high-fat, or high-glycemic diet, and adjust the redox balance to recover physiological conditions. Unique functions of BCs to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) can resolve the redox imbalance due to the excessive generation of ROS. The ability of BCs to regulate the histone acetylation state contributes to the activation of transcription factors involved in immunity and metabolism against dietary stress. The protective properties of BCs are mainly ascribed to the roles of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). As a histone deacetylase (HDAC), SIRT1 modulates the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state by mediating ROS generation, regulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/NADH ratio, and activating NRF2 in metabolic progression. In this study, the unique functions of BCs against diet-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysfunction have been considered by focusing on the cellular redox balance and histone acetylation state. This work may provide evidence for the development of effective therapeutic agents from BCs.
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Effect of Extraction Period on Total Phenolics, Total Flavonoids, and Antioxidant Capacity of Ugandan Camellia sinensis (L) Kuntze, Black Primary Grades and Green Tea. J FOOD QUALITY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/3504280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Globally, the consumption and production of tea are on the rise because of its beneficial constituents. Scarce literature exists on the effects of extraction periods on the contents of the biologically important and protective phytochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidants in locally produced teas in Uganda. Aim. This study determined the effects of extraction periods on the aqueous total phenolic content (TPC) of local Camella sinensis, black primary grades and green tea, and their ecological differences, their total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacities (AOC). Methods. Samples of local tea were collected from Kigezi, Ankole, and Buganda regions, and those of green tea were purchased from a local supermarket in Uganda. Four- and 40-minute infusions were separately prepared for each sample. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride methods using garlic acid and quercetin as standards, respectively. Antioxidant content was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and ferric reducing assay power (FRAP) methods, using ascorbic acid as the standard. Results. Green tea had the highest total phenolic content both with four-minute (9.50 ± 0.25 mgGAE/g) and 40-minute (25.81 ± 1.13 mgGAE/g) extractions, followed by D1 (4.14 ± 0.33 mgGAE/g) at four minutes and PF (23.60 ± 2.37 mgGAE/g) at 40 minutes. Regionally, Kigezi (4.71 ± 0.09 and 22.13 ± 0.85 mgGAE/g) at four and 40 minutes, respectively, gave the highest TPC. In TFC, tea from Buganda (4,371 ± 0.00 μgQE/g) was the highest. In DPPH and FRAP, GT (93.82 ± 0.03%, 39.04 ± 0.02 AAEμg/mL) was the best, followed by Buganda tea (88.71 ± 0.03%, 36.99 ± 0.01 AAEµg/mL), respectively. Conclusion. Longer extraction periods increase TPC in all teas. Green tea generates approximately twice the TPC generated by black tea in four-minute infusions. Green tea gives higher TPC, DPPH, and FRAP but less TFC than some black teas and is perhaps the best in terms of protection against oxidative damage to the body.
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Wijesooriya SS, Pandithavidana DR. Investigation and Comparison of Antioxidant Potential of Catechins Present in Green Tea: DFT Study. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht16.04.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations were applied to compare the antioxidant potential of four major catechins present in green tea. The thermodynamic parameters related to three key mechanisms of primary antioxidant action were investigated in detail. Molecular orbital energies, absolute hardness, electronegativity, and electrophilicity index, which contributed to the radical scavenging were also investigated. The radical scavenging potential of each hydroxyl group of these polyphenolic antioxidants were investigated independently.
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Dietary consumption of tea and the risk of prostate cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:653-658. [PMID: 34511161 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tea contains polyphenols such as flavonoids, anthocyanidins, flavanols and phenolic acids which in laboratory studies have reported to promote antioxidant enzyme formation, reduces excess inflammation, slow cancer cell proliferation and promote apoptosis. Evidence from epidemiological studies on the effect of tea consumption on prostate cancer (CaP) incidence has been conflicting. We analysed data from 25 097 men within the intervention arm of the 155 000 participant Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Histologically confirmed cases of prostate cancer were reported in 3088 men (12·3 %) during the median 11·5 year follow-up. Tea consumption was assessed with a FFQ. Baseline characteristics were compared between groups using χ2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Cox regression models were used to assess associations between tea intake and CaP incidence. There was no statistical difference between the risk of CaP between men who never drank tea to those who drank tea at any quantity. Amongst tea drinkers, those in the highest third of consumption group had a small but significantly lower risk compared with those in the lowest third (11·2 % v. 13·2 % hazard ratio 1·16; (95 % CI 1·05, 1·29), P = 0·004). This pattern persisted with adjustments for demographics and lifestyle. In conclusion, among tea drinkers, there was a small positive association between drinking tea and a reduced risk of prostate cancer. It does not support starting to drink tea, if men previously did not, to reduce the risk. Further research is needed to establish whether tea is justified for future prospective nutritional intervention studies investigating CaP prevention.
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Jain M, Anand A, Shah A. Exploring the Potential Role of Theaflavin-3,3′-Digallate in Inhibiting Various Stages of SARS-CoV-2 Life Cycle: An In-Silico Approach. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [PMCID: PMC9219385 DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Theaflavins belong to the class of polyphenols that are predominantly found in black tea. The major derivatives of theaflavins found in black tea are theaflavin (TF1), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF2A), theaflavin-3′-gallate (TF2B), and theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TF3). Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TF3) is a natural compound present in black tea and known to possess antiviral activity. This study had attempted to explore the potential role of TF3 in inhibiting various stages of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. Methods Molecular docking studies of TF3 along with positive controls was performed on eight different targets of SARS-CoV-2 followed by binding free energy (MM-GBSA) calculations. The docked complexes with favourable docking and binding free energy results were subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies to assess the stability of the dock complex. Finally, TF3 and all the positive controls were taken for ADMET analysis. Results The docking and binding free energy results of TF3 was compared against the positive controls. TF3 showed the highest binding energy against all the targets and formed more stable interactions for a longer duration on MD simulations with CLpro, RdRp, helicase and spike protein. Also, the promising in-silico ADMET profile further warrants the exploration of this compound through in-vitro and in-vivo methods. Conclusion Through this study, we tried to evaluate the role of theaflavin-3,3’-digallate on multiple targets of SARS-CoV-2, and the positive in-silico results which were obtained on various pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters, give a ray of hope as a potential therapeutic drug to this rapidly spreading disease. The search for a curative therapy for SARS-CoV-2 is still ongoing. The favourable preliminary results of TF3 through in-silico analysis offers a ray of hope in ending this devasting pandemic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42250-022-00376-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manav Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab India
| | - Aishwarya Anand
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab India
| | - Ashish Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat India
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13
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Kiriacos CJ, Khedr MR, Tadros M, Youness RA. Prospective Medicinal Plants and Their Phytochemicals Shielding Autoimmune and Cancer Patients Against the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Special Focus on Matcha. Front Oncol 2022; 12:837408. [PMID: 35664773 PMCID: PMC9157490 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.837408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Being "positive" has been one of the most frustrating words anyone could hear since the end of 2019. This word had been overused globally due to the high infectious nature of SARS-CoV-2. All citizens are at risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2, but a red warning sign has been directed towards cancer and immune-compromised patients in particular. These groups of patients are not only more prone to catch the virus but also more predisposed to its deadly consequences, something that urged the research community to seek other effective and safe solutions that could be used as a protective measurement for cancer and autoimmune patients during the pandemic. Aim The authors aimed to turn the spotlight on specific herbal remedies that showed potential anticancer activity, immuno-modulatory roles, and promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 actions. Methodology To attain the purpose of the review, the research was conducted at the States National Library of Medicine (PubMed). To search databases, the descriptors used were as follows: "COVID-19"/"SARS-CoV-2", "Herbal Drugs", "Autoimmune diseases", "Rheumatoid Arthritis", "Asthma", "Multiple Sclerosis", "Systemic Lupus Erythematosus" "Nutraceuticals", "Matcha", "EGCG", "Quercetin", "Cancer", and key molecular pathways. Results This manuscript reviewed most of the herbal drugs that showed a triple action concerning anticancer, immunomodulation, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities. Special attention was directed towards "matcha" as a novel potential protective and therapeutic agent for cancer and immunocompromised patients during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Conclusion This review sheds light on the pivotal role of "matcha" as a tri-acting herbal tea having a potent antitumorigenic effect, immunomodulatory role, and proven anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, thus providing a powerful shield for high-risk patients such as cancer and autoimmune patients during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Joseph Kiriacos
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Monika Rafik Khedr
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Miray Tadros
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana A. Youness
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
- Biology and Biochemistry Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Islam MR, Islam F, Nafady MH, Akter M, Mitra S, Das R, Urmee H, Shohag S, Akter A, Chidambaram K, Alhumaydhi FA, Emran TB, Cavalu S. Natural Small Molecules in Breast Cancer Treatment: Understandings from a Therapeutic Viewpoint. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072165. [PMID: 35408561 PMCID: PMC9000328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BrCa) is the most common malignancy in women and the second most significant cause of death from cancer. BrCa is one of the most challenging malignancies to treat, and it accounts for a large percentage of cancer-related deaths. The number of cases requiring more effective BrCa therapy has increased dramatically. Scientists are looking for more productive agents, such as organic combinations, for BrCa prevention and treatment because most chemotherapeutic agents are linked to cancer metastasis, the resistance of the drugs, and side effects. Natural compounds produced by living organisms promote apoptosis and inhibit metastasis, slowing the spread of cancer. As a result, these compounds may delay the spread of BrCa, enhancing survival rates and reducing the number of deaths caused by BrCa. Several natural compounds inhibit BrCa production while lowering cancer cell proliferation and triggering cell death. Natural compounds, in addition to therapeutic approaches, are efficient and potential agents for treating BrCa. This review highlights the natural compounds demonstrated in various studies to have anticancer properties in BrCa cells. Future research into biological anti-BrCa agents may pave the way for a new era in BrCa treatment, with natural anti-BrCa drugs playing a key role in improving BrCa patient survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.R.I.); (F.I.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.R.I.); (F.I.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohamed H. Nafady
- Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12568, Egypt;
| | - Muniya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.R.I.); (F.I.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (S.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (S.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Humaira Urmee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh;
| | - Sheikh Shohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh;
| | - Aklima Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.R.I.); (F.I.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Kumarappan Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (T.B.E.); (S.C.)
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (T.B.E.); (S.C.)
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15
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Gupta M, Mishra V, Gulati M, Kapoor B, Kaur A, Gupta R, Tambuwala MM. Natural compounds as safe therapeutic options for ulcerative colitis. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:397-434. [PMID: 35212849 PMCID: PMC8948151 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. Several conventional treatments for UC such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, tumor necrosis factor antagonist, integrin blockers, and interleukin antagonist, and salicylates are available but are associated with the various limitations and side-effects. None of the above treatments helps to achieve the ultimate goal of the therapy, i.e., maintenance of remission in the long-term. Natural remedies for the treatment of UC show comparatively less side effects as compared to conventional approaches, and affordable. The current review presents details on the role of herbal drugs in the treatment and cure of UC. Google, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus portals have been searched for potentially relevant literature to get the latest developments and updated information related to use of natural drugs in the treatment of UC. Natural products have been used over centuries to treat UC. Some of the essential herbal constituents exhibiting antiulcerogenic activity include gymnemic acid (Gymnema sylvestre), shagoal (Zingiber officinale), catechin (Camellia sinensis), curcumin (Curcuma longa), arctigenin (Arctium lappa), and boswellic acid (Boswellia serrata). Although many plant-derived products have been recommended for UC, further research to understand the exact molecular mechanism is still warranted to establish their usefulness clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Amrinder Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Reena Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
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16
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LIczbiński P, Bukowska B. Tea and coffee polyphenols and their biological properties based on the latest in vitro investigations. INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 2022; 175:114265. [PMID: 34815622 PMCID: PMC8601035 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tea and coffee contain numerous polyphenolic compounds that exhibit health-promoting properties for humans, including antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, and can also take part in the treatment of covid-19 and improve fertility. This review, presents the activity of polyphenols found in different types of tea and coffee and describes the effects of tea fermentation and coffee roasting on their polyphenol composition and antioxidant properties. Polyphenol oxidase activity is reduced in the fermentation process; therefore black tea contains significantly less polyphenolic compounds compared to green and white tea. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate - a polyphenol from tea - effectively has been shown to inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV-2 as it blocked binding of coronavirus 2 to human angiotensin converting enzyme 2, decreased the expression of inflammatory factors in the blood, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, and significantly increased the overall fertilization efficiency in animals. Coffee roasting process influences both the content of polyphenols and the oxidative activity. The lowest levels of active compounds such as caffeine, chlorogenic acid and coffee acids are identified in roasted coffee beans. On the other hand, light coffee and green coffee show the strongest cytotoxic potential and antioxidant properties, and thus the greatest ability to decrease apoptosis by stopping the cell cycle in the S phase. Proteins, such as components of milk, can strongly bind/interact with phenolic compounds (especially, the CGAs) contain in coffee, which may explain the negative influence of milk on its antioxidant properties. Coffee polyphenols have also antiproliferative and antiesterase activities, which may be important in prevention of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, respectively. In this review, biological properties of tea and coffee polyphenols, observed mainly in in vitro studies have been described. Based on these findings, future directions of the research works on these compounds have been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław LIczbiński
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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17
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LIczbiński P, Bukowska B. Tea and coffee polyphenols and their biological properties based on the latest in vitro investigations. INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS 2022. [PMID: 34815622 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tea and coffee contain numerous polyphenolic compounds that exhibit health-promoting properties for humans, including antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, and can also take part in the treatment of covid-19 and improve fertility. This review, presents the activity of polyphenols found in different types of tea and coffee and describes the effects of tea fermentation and coffee roasting on their polyphenol composition and antioxidant properties. Polyphenol oxidase activity is reduced in the fermentation process; therefore black tea contains significantly less polyphenolic compounds compared to green and white tea. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate - a polyphenol from tea - effectively has been shown to inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV-2 as it blocked binding of coronavirus 2 to human angiotensin converting enzyme 2, decreased the expression of inflammatory factors in the blood, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, and significantly increased the overall fertilization efficiency in animals. Coffee roasting process influences both the content of polyphenols and the oxidative activity. The lowest levels of active compounds such as caffeine, chlorogenic acid and coffee acids are identified in roasted coffee beans. On the other hand, light coffee and green coffee show the strongest cytotoxic potential and antioxidant properties, and thus the greatest ability to decrease apoptosis by stopping the cell cycle in the S phase. Proteins, such as components of milk, can strongly bind/interact with phenolic compounds (especially, the CGAs) contain in coffee, which may explain the negative influence of milk on its antioxidant properties. Coffee polyphenols have also antiproliferative and antiesterase activities, which may be important in prevention of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, respectively. In this review, biological properties of tea and coffee polyphenols, observed mainly in in vitro studies have been described. Based on these findings, future directions of the research works on these compounds have been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław LIczbiński
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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18
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Narzary Y, Das S, Goyal AK, Lam SS, Sarma H, Sharma D. Fermented fish products in South and Southeast Asian cuisine: indigenous technology processes, nutrient composition, and cultural significance. JOURNAL OF ETHNIC FOODS 2021; 8:33. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1186/s42779-021-00109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe cleaner production of biomass into value-added products via microbial processes adds uniqueness in terms of food quality. The microbe-mediated traditional process for transforming biomass into food is a sustainable practice in Asian food industries. The 18 fermented fish products derived through this process as well as the associated micro-flora and nutritional composition have been focused. This review aims to update the process of green conversion biomass into value-added food products for a more sustainable future. Fish products are classified based on the substrate and source of the enzymes used in fermentation, which includes the three types of technology processing discussed. According to the findings, these fermented fish contain a plethora of beneficial microbiota, making them a valuable source of probiotics that may confer nutritional and health benefits.Bacillus(12 products),Lactobacillus(12 products),Micrococcus(9 products), andStaphylococcus(9 products) were the most common bacterial genera found in 18 fermented fish products. Consuming fermented fish products is beneficial to human health due to their high levels of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and lactic acid. However, biogenic amines, which are produced by certain bacteria as a by-product of their catabolic activity, are a significant potential hazard in traditionally fermented fish.
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19
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Recent Advancement in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Improved Oral Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Phytochemicals: Challenges and Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13224036. [PMID: 34833334 PMCID: PMC8617804 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The excellent therapeutic potential of a variety of phytochemicals in different diseases has been proven by extensive studies throughout history. However, most phytochemicals are characterized by a high molecular weight, poor aqueous solubility, limited gastrointestinal permeability, extensive pre-systemic metabolism, and poor stability in the harsh gastrointestinal milieu. Therefore, loading of these phytochemicals in biodegradable and biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs) might be an effective approach to improve their bioactivity. Different nanocarrier systems have been developed in recent decades to deliver phytochemicals. Among them, NPs based on chitosan (CS) (CS-NPs), a mucoadhesive, non-toxic, and biodegradable polysaccharide, are considered the best nanoplatform for the oral delivery of phytochemicals. This review highlights the oral delivery of natural products, i.e., phytochemicals, encapsulated in NPs prepared from a natural polymer, i.e., CS, for improved bioavailability and bioactivity. The unique properties of CS for oral delivery such as its mucoadhesiveness, non-toxicity, excellent stability in the harsh environment of the GIT, good solubility in slightly acidic and alkaline conditions, and ability to enhance intestinal permeability are discussed first, and then the outcomes of various phytochemical-loaded CS-NPs after oral administration are discussed in detail. Furthermore, different challenges associated with the oral delivery of phytochemicals with CS-NPs and future directions are also discussed.
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20
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Vyas T, Nagi R, Bhatia A, Bains SK. Therapeutic effects of green tea as an antioxidant on oral health- A review. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:3998-4001. [PMID: 35136758 PMCID: PMC8797077 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_943_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea has protective effects against various diseases such as malignancies, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Green tea has been suggested to promote periodontal health by reducing inflammation, preventing the resorption of bones and restricting the growth of certain periodontal-related bacteria. Green tea has antioxidant, carcinogenic, antimicrobial and non-inflammatory properties. This traditional drink is also used to treat systemic chronic diseases, including carcinoma. Recent studies have shown that host immuno-inflammatory reactions, in addition to microbial activity, are more likely to destroy oral tissues. In such cases, green tea is considered to be a natural preventive and curative agent. The potential benefits of green tea and its polyphenols in oral health is capturing the interest of the researchers; hence, this review discusses the therapeutic effects of green tea in the prevention of periodontal and oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Vyas
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, RR Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ravleen Nagi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Archana Bhatia
- Department of Periodontology & Oral Implantology,Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Bains
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dasmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
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21
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Liu J, Bodnar BH, Meng F, Khan AI, Wang X, Saribas S, Wang T, Lohani SC, Wang P, Wei Z, Luo J, Zhou L, Wu J, Luo G, Li Q, Hu W, Ho W. Epigallocatechin gallate from green tea effectively blocks infection of SARS-CoV-2 and new variants by inhibiting spike binding to ACE2 receptor. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:168. [PMID: 34461999 PMCID: PMC8404181 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the COVID-19 pandemic rages on, the new SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged in the different regions of the world. These newly emerged variants have mutations in their spike (S) protein that may confer resistance to vaccine-elicited immunity and existing neutralizing antibody therapeutics. Therefore, there is still an urgent need of safe, effective, and affordable agents for prevention/treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and its variant infection. RESULTS We demonstrated that green tea beverage (GTB) or its major ingredient, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), were highly effective in inhibiting infection of live SARS-CoV-2 and human coronavirus (HCoV OC43). In addition, infection of the pseudoviruses with spikes of the new variants (UK-B.1.1.7, SA-B.1.351, and CA-B.1.429) was efficiently blocked by GTB or EGCG. Among the 4 active green tea catechins at noncytotoxic doses, EGCG was the most potent in the action against the viruses. The highest inhibitory activity was observed when the viruses or the cells were pre-incubated with EGCG prior to the infection. Mechanistic studies revealed that EGCG blocked infection at the entry step through interfering with the engagement of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral spikes to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor of the host cells. CONCLUSIONS These data support further clinical evaluation and development of EGCG as a novel, safe, and cost-effective natural product for prevention/treatment of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, and Department of Neurology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Brittany H Bodnar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, and Department of Neurology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Fengzhen Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, and Department of Neurology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Adil I Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, and Department of Neurology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, and Department of Neurology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Sami Saribas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, and Department of Neurology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0900, USA
| | - Saroj Chandra Lohani
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0900, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, and Department of Neurology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Zhengyu Wei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, and Department of Neurology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Jinjun Luo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, and Department of Neurology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, and Department of Neurology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guangxiang Luo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama At Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Qingsheng Li
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0900, USA.
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, and Department of Neurology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Wenzhe Ho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, and Department of Neurology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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22
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Uzlasir T, Kadiroglu P, Selli S, Kelebek H. LC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS/MS characterization of elderberry flower (
Sambucus nigra
) phenolic compounds in ethanol, methanol, and aqueous extracts. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Turkan Uzlasir
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University Adana Turkey
| | - Pinar Kadiroglu
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University Adana Turkey
| | - Serkan Selli
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Cukurova University Adana Turkey
| | - Hasim Kelebek
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University Adana Turkey
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23
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Wang Y, Pan H, chen D, Guo D, Wang X. Targeting at cancer energy metabolism and lipid droplet formation as new treatment strategies for epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in colorectal cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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24
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Fang L, Guo Y, Li Y, Jia Q, Han X, Liu B, Chen J, Cheng JC, Sun YP. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate stimulates StAR expression and progesterone production in human granulosa cells through the 67-kDa laminin receptor-mediated CREB signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:687-695. [PMID: 34318927 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant and biologically active catechins extracted from green tea. The health benefits of EGCG have been extendedly studied. Ovarian steroidogenesis plays a pivotal role in maintaining normal reproductive function. Granulosa cells in the ovary are essential for steroid hormone production. To date, the effect of EGCG on steroidogenesis in human granulosa cells remains unclear. In the present study, we examine the physiological concentrations of EGCG on steroidogenesis in a steroidogenic human granulosa-like tumor cell line, KGN. Our results demonstrate that treatment with EGCG upregulates steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) expression and increases progesterone (P4) production. EGCG does not affect the expression levels of other steroidogenesis-related enzymes, such as P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and aromatase. In addition, we identify the expression of 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) in KGN cells. Moreover, EGCG-induced StAR expression and P4 production require the 67LR-mediated activation of the PKA-CREB signaling pathway. These results provide a better understanding of the function of EGCG on ovarian steroidogenesis, which may lead to the development of alternative therapeutic approaches for reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Fang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiran Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiongqiong Jia
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Boqun Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaye Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying-Pu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Kumar R, Harilal S, Carradori S, Mathew B. A Comprehensive Overview of Colon Cancer- A Grim Reaper of the 21st Century. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2657-2696. [PMID: 33106132 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201026143757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
A few decades ago, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) was low and is now the fourth in the list of deadly cancers producing nearly a million deaths annually. A population that is aging along with risk factors such as smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle with little or no physical activity, and non-healthy food habits of developed countries can increase the risk of colorectal cancer. The balance in gut microbiota and the metabolites produced during bacterial fermentation within the host plays a significant role in regulating intestinal diseases as well as colorectal cancer development. Recent progress in the understanding of illness resulted in multiple treatment options such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, including targeted therapy and multitherapies. The treatment plan for CRC depends on the location, stage and grade of cancer as well as genomic biomarker tests. Despite all the advancements made in the genetic and molecular aspects of the disease, the knowledge seems inadequate as the drug action as well as the wide variation in drug response did not appear strongly correlated with the individual molecular and genetic characteristics, which suggests the requirement of comprehensive molecular understanding of this complex heterogeneous disease. Furthermore, multitherapies or a broad spectrum approach, which is an amalgamation of the various promising as well as effective therapeutic strategies that can tackle heterogeneity and act on several targets of the disease, need to be validated in clinical studies. The latest treatment options have significantly increased the survival of up to three years in the case of advanced disease. The fact that colorectal cancer is developed from a polypoid precursor, as well as the symptoms of the disease that occur at an advanced stage, underlines how screening programs can help early detection and decrease mortality as well as morbidity from CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Seetha Harilal
- Department of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
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Lee DY, Song MY, Kim EH. Role of Oxidative Stress and Nrf2/KEAP1 Signaling in Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives with Phytochemicals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:743. [PMID: 34067204 PMCID: PMC8151932 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer still has a high incidence and mortality rate, according to a report from the American Cancer Society. Colorectal cancer has a high prevalence in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Oxidative stress, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, has been known to cause inflammatory diseases and malignant disorders. In particular, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-related protein 1 (KEAP1) pathway is well known to protect cells from oxidative stress and inflammation. Nrf2 was first found in the homolog of the hematopoietic transcription factor p45 NF-E2, and the transcription factor Nrf2 is a member of the Cap 'N' Collar family. KEAP1 is well known as a negative regulator that rapidly degrades Nrf2 through the proteasome system. A range of evidence has shown that consumption of phytochemicals has a preventive or inhibitory effect on cancer progression or proliferation, depending on the stage of colorectal cancer. Therefore, the discovery of phytochemicals regulating the Nrf2/KEAP1 axis and verification of their efficacy have attracted scientific attention. In this review, we summarize the role of oxidative stress and the Nrf2/KEAP1 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer, and the possible utility of phytochemicals with respect to the regulation of the Nrf2/KEAP1 axis in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Moon-Young Song
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
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Mhatre S, Srivastava T, Naik S, Patravale V. Antiviral activity of green tea and black tea polyphenols in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19: A review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:153286. [PMID: 32741697 PMCID: PMC7367004 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid spread of novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 or nCoV has caused countries all over the world to impose lockdowns and undertake stringent preventive measures. This new positive-sense single-stranded RNA strain of coronavirus spreads through droplets of saliva and nasal discharge. PURPOSE US FDA has authorized the emergency use of Remdesivir looking at the increasing number of cases of COVID-19, however there is still no drug approved to treat COVID-19. An alternative way of treatment could be the use of naturally derived molecules with known antiviral properties. METHOD We reviewed the antiviral activities of two polyphenols derived from tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea and theaflavins from black tea. Both green tea and black tea polyphenols have been reported to exhibit antiviral activities against various viruses, especially positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. RESULTS Recent studies have revealed the possible binding sites present on SARS-CoV-2 and studied their interactions with tea polyphenols. EGCG and theaflavins, especially theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3) have shown a significant interaction with the receptors under consideration in this review. Some docking studies further emphasize on the activity of these polyphenols against COVID-19. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the available reports and evidences which support the use of tea polyphenols as potential candidates in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmit Mhatre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Tishya Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Shivraj Naik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India.
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(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate Stability in Ready-To-Drink (RTD) Green Tea Infusions in TiO 2 and Oleic-Acid-Modified TiO 2 Polylactic Acid Film Packaging Stored under Fluorescent Light during Refrigerated Storage at 4 °C. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040723. [PMID: 33805540 PMCID: PMC8066687 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The light-protective effectiveness of titanium dioxide polylactic acid (TiO2 PLA) nanocomposite films (T-PLA) and oleic-acid-modified (OA_TiO2PLA) nanocomposite films was investigated in ready-to-drink (RTD) green tea infusions in oxygen-impermeable glass packaging. The stability of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was evaluated in RTD green tea infusions in glass packaging covered with PLA (polylactic acid), T-PLA and OT-PLA under fluorescent light during 20 days of storage at 4 °C. Levels of EGCG and color change of RTD green tea infusions were determined. In addition, sensory tests for difference were conducted on green tea infusions in glass packaging without and with complete light protection during 10 days of storage at 4 °C. Of the panelists, 60% noticed sensory differences in the RTD green tea infusion in two different packaging conditions during 10 days of storage under fluorescent light by a triangle test (p < 0.05). During 20 days of storage, levels of EGCG with complete light protection decreased by 10.8% (0.73 mg/mL), and there was a 42.2% loss of EGCG (0.48 mg/mL) in RTD green tea infusions in the glass packaging covered by PLA film. Finally, 3% T-PLA preserved higher levels of EGCG in RTD green tea infusions compared to 1% T-PLA and OT-PLA.
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Song JY, Han JH, Song Y, Lee JH, Choi SY, Park YM. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Can Prevent Type 2 Human Papillomavirus E7 from Suppressing Interferon-Stimulated Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052418. [PMID: 33670861 PMCID: PMC7957673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) in high-risk groups is known to suppress the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway leading to the transcription of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), which have many antiviral functions. However, the effects of HPV on the action of various ISGs in low-risk groups are not fully understood. We aimed to investigate whether antiviral ISGs are expressed in transfected keratinocytes with type 2 HPV (HPV-2) E7. The mRNA and protein expressions of ISGs and type I IFN signaling pathway components were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, immunofluorescence, and/or immunohistochemistry. Compared with normal skin, mRNA expression of all ISGs in HPV-2 positive cutaneous warts was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). In comparison with empty vector transfection, E7 transfection significantly down-regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of ISGs and type I IFN signaling pathway components, which were significantly up-regulated by E7 siRNA transfection (p < 0.05). Interestingly, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) pretreatment up-regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of ISGs and type I IFN signaling pathway components, which were significantly down-regulated by E7 transfection (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that EGCG is a potential candidate for cutaneous wart prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Song
- Program of Immunology & Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea;
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea; (J.H.H.); (Y.S.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Ju Hee Han
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea; (J.H.H.); (Y.S.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Yumee Song
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea; (J.H.H.); (Y.S.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea; (J.H.H.); (Y.S.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Soon Yong Choi
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, 1646, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
| | - Young Min Park
- Program of Immunology & Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea;
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea; (J.H.H.); (Y.S.); (J.H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-6223
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Fakhri S, Piri S, Majnooni MB, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J. Targeting Neurological Manifestations of Coronaviruses by Candidate Phytochemicals: A Mechanistic Approach. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:621099. [PMID: 33708124 PMCID: PMC7941749 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.621099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has made a wide range of manifestations. In this regard, growing evidence is focusing on COVID-19 neurological associations; however, there is a lack of established pathophysiological mechanisms and related treatments. Accordingly, a comprehensive review was conducted, using electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane, along with the author's expertize in COVID-19 associated neuronal signaling pathways. Besides, potential phytochemicals have been provided against neurological signs of COVID-19. Considering a high homology among SARS-CoV, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and SARS-CoV-2, revealing their precise pathophysiological mechanisms seems to pave the road for the treatment of COVID-19 neural manifestations. There is a complex pathophysiological mechanism behind central manifestations of COVID-19, including pain, hypo/anosmia, delirium, impaired consciousness, pyramidal signs, and ischemic stroke. Among those dysregulated neuronal mechanisms, neuroinflammation, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/spike proteins, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and protease are of special attention. So, employing multi-target therapeutic agents with considerable safety and efficacy seems to show a bright future in fighting COVID-19 neurological manifestations. Nowadays, natural secondary metabolites are highlighted as potential multi-target phytochemicals in combating several complications of COVID-19. In this review, central pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic targets of SARS-CoV-2 has been provided. Besides, in terms of pharmacological mechanisms, phytochemicals have been introduced as potential multi-target agents in combating COVID-19 central nervous system complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sana Piri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Al-Okbi SY, Mohamed DA, Elbakry HF. Amelioration of oxidative stress, inflammation and liver function by nutraceuticals in rat model of hepatic cancer initiation induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2021.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Nutraceuticals might serve as protective agent against liver cancer induced by pro-cancerous chemicals that initiate high oxidative stress, inflammation and affect DNA integrity. The aim of the present research was to study the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma initiation induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) through treatment by nutraceuticals. Methods: Two nutraceuticals were prepared; the first (NI) was a mixture of different extracts of green tea, wheat germ and tomato, the second one (NII) was composed of extracts mixture of broccoli, hazelnuts and carrot. Total flavonoids and flavonols were determined in the nutraceuticals. Four groups of rats were run; the first served as control normal, the other three groups were treated by intraperitoneal injection of NDEA, one of these groups was designated as control NDEA, the other two groups (test groups) were treated daily with oral doses of NI and NII, respectively. The experiment continued for 8 weeks. Plasma transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and catalase activities, total protein, albumin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) along with liver MDA level and catalase activity were assessed. Results: NI showed higher flavonoids and lower flavonols than NII (P < 0.05). High oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers, liver dysfunction, reduced plasma albumin and total protein were demonstrated in control NDEA compared to control normal (P < 0.05). Test groups showed significant improvement in all parameters (P < 0.05) compared to NDEA control. NI was superior in improving plasma transaminases and catalase activities, MDA and TNF-α levels and liver catalase activity compared to NII (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Both NI and NII might prevent liver cancer initiation during exposure to carcinogenic agents, NI being superior to NII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Y. Al-Okbi
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doha A. Mohamed
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hagar F.H. Elbakry
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Narzary Y, Das S, Goyal AK, Lam SS, Sarma H, Sharma D. Fermented fish products in South and Southeast Asian cuisine: indigenous technology processes, nutrient composition, and cultural significance. JOURNAL OF ETHNIC FOODS 2021; 8:33. [PMCID: PMC8579182 DOI: 10.1186/s42779-021-00109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The cleaner production of biomass into value-added products via microbial processes adds uniqueness in terms of food quality. The microbe-mediated traditional process for transforming biomass into food is a sustainable practice in Asian food industries. The 18 fermented fish products derived through this process as well as the associated micro-flora and nutritional composition have been focused. This review aims to update the process of green conversion biomass into value-added food products for a more sustainable future. Fish products are classified based on the substrate and source of the enzymes used in fermentation, which includes the three types of technology processing discussed. According to the findings, these fermented fish contain a plethora of beneficial microbiota, making them a valuable source of probiotics that may confer nutritional and health benefits. Bacillus (12 products), Lactobacillus (12 products), Micrococcus (9 products), and Staphylococcus (9 products) were the most common bacterial genera found in 18 fermented fish products. Consuming fermented fish products is beneficial to human health due to their high levels of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and lactic acid. However, biogenic amines, which are produced by certain bacteria as a by-product of their catabolic activity, are a significant potential hazard in traditionally fermented fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutika Narzary
- Department of Botany, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, BTR, Assam 783370 India
| | - Sandeep Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, BTR, Assam 783370 India
| | - Arvind Kumar Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, BTR, Assam 783370 India
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia
| | - Hemen Sarma
- Institutional Biotech Hub (IBT Hub), Department of Botany, Nanda Nath Saikia College, Titabar, Assam 785630 India
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Integrating an Expert System, GIS, and Satellite Remote Sensing to Evaluate Land Suitability for Sustainable Tea Production in Bangladesh. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12244136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Land evaluation is important for assessing environmental limitations that inhibit higher yield and productivity in tea. The aim of this research was to determine the suitable lands for sustainable tea production in the northeastern part of Bangladesh using phenological datasets from remote sensing, geospatial datasets of soil–plant biophysical properties, and expert opinions. Sentinel-2 satellite images were processed to obtain layers for land use and land cover (LULC) as well as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) were used to generate the elevation layer. Other vector and raster layers of edaphic, climatic parameters, and vegetation indices were processed in ArcGIS 10.7.1® software. Finally, suitability classes were determined using weighted overlay of spatial analysis based on reclassified raster layers of all parameters along with the results from multicriteria analysis. The results of the study showed that only 41,460 hectares of land (3.37% of the total land) were in the highly suitable category. The proportions of moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and not suitable land categories for tea cultivation in the Sylhet Division were 9.01%, 49.87%, and 37.75%, respectively. Thirty-one tea estates were located in highly suitable areas, 79 in moderately suitable areas, 24 in marginally suitable areas, and only one in a not suitable area. Yield estimation was performed with the NDVI (R2 = 0.69, 0.66, and 0.67) and the LAI (R2 = 0.68, 0.65, and 0.63) for 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. This research suggests that satellite remote sensing and GIS application with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) could be used by agricultural land use planners and land policy makers to select suitable lands for increasing tea production.
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Jin Y, Koh RH, Kim SH, Kim KM, Park GK, Hwang NS. Injectable anti-inflammatory hyaluronic acid hydrogel for osteoarthritic cartilage repair. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 115:111096. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Okekpa SI, Mydin RBSMN, Ganeson S, Gopalan S, Musa MY. The Association between Tea Consumption and Nasopharyngeal
Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2183-2187. [PMID: 32856842 PMCID: PMC7771920 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.8.2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heated debates have been on-going about tea consumption and the incidence of cancer, especially in head and neck cancer types. This study aimed to review the association between tea consumption habits and nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). Methods: This review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA-P protocol. Literature search for journal articles that published studies on the relationship between tea consumption and NPC was performed via databases, such as Elsevier, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, Google, and Google Scholar, for 10 years from 2008 to 2018. Relevant studies were obtained by applying the pre-determined keywords, such as nasopharyngeal cancer, tea consumption and NPC, risk factors of NPC and benefits of tea consumption. Results: A total of 126 articles was retrieved. These articles were subjected to eligibility assessment. Six articles remained after applying the inclusion criteria. Results suggest that habitual tea consumption reduces NPC. Tea consumption significantly reduces NPC with all the studies having a p-value ≤0.05. Meta-analysis showed statistical association between tea consumption and NPC risk with OR=0.865 at 95% CI (0.806-0.929). Conclusion: This study suggests that habitual tea consumption could be associated with prevention of NPC development. Additional studies are needed to further understand the molecular role of bioactive compound and potential health benefit of tea consumption in NPC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon I Okekpa
- Oncological and Radiological Sciences Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang Malaysia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, 840001 Ebonyi state, Nigeria.
| | - Rabiatul Basria S. M. N. Mydin
- Oncological and Radiological Sciences Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang Malaysia.
- School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore.
| | - Sivaraj Ganeson
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore.
| | - Saravanackumar Gopalan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543 Singapore.
| | - Muhamad Yusri Musa
- Oncological and Radiological Sciences Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang Malaysia.
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Kashyap T, Nath N, Mishra P, Jha A, Nagini S, Mishra R. Pluripotency transcription factor Nanog and its association with overall oral squamous cell carcinoma progression, cisplatin‐resistance, invasion and stemness acquisition. Head Neck 2020; 42:3282-3294. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.26373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Kashyap
- Department of Life Sciences School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand Ranchi Jharkhand India
| | - Nidhi Nath
- Department of Life Sciences School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand Ranchi Jharkhand India
| | - Prajna Mishra
- Centre for Applied Chemistry School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand Ranchi Jharkhand India
| | - Arpita Jha
- Department of Life Sciences School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand Ranchi Jharkhand India
| | - Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Annamalai University Annamalainagar Tamil Nadu India
| | - Rajakishore Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand Ranchi Jharkhand India
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Lam PL, Wong MM, Hung LK, Yung LH, Tang JCO, Lam KH, Chung PY, Wong WY, Ho YW, Wong RSM, Gambari R, Chui CH. Miconazole and terbinafine induced reactive oxygen species accumulation and topical toxicity in human keratinocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:834-838. [PMID: 32538189 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1778019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There are an estimated 1 billion cases of superficial fungal infection globally. Fungal pathogens form biofilms within wounds and delay the wound healing process. Miconazole and terbinafine are commonly used to treat fungal infections. They induce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fungi, resulting in the death of fungal cells. ROS are highly reactive molecules, such as oxygen (O2), superoxide anion (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Although ROS generation is useful for killing pathogenic fungi, it is cytotoxic to human keratinocytes. To the best of our knowledge, the effect of miconazole and terbinafine on HaCaT cells has not been studied with respect to intracellular ROS stimulation. We hypothesized that miconazole and terbinafine have anti-wound healing effects on skin cells when used in antifungal treatment because they generate ROS in fungal cells. We used sulforhodamine B protein staining to investigate cytotoxicity and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate to determine ROS accumulation at the 50% inhibitory concentrations of miconazole and terbinafine in HaCaT cells. Our preliminary results showed that topical treatment with miconazole and terbinafine induced cytotoxic responses, with miconazole showing higher cytotoxicity than terbinafine. Both the treatments stimulated ROS in keratinocytes, which may induce oxidative stress and cell death. This suggests a negative correlation between intracellular ROS accumulation in keratinocytes treated with miconazole or terbinafine and the healing of fungi-infected skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-L Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China
| | - M-M Wong
- Research Development Division, Kamford Genetics Company Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - L-K Hung
- Research Development Division, Kamford Genetics Company Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - L-H Yung
- Research Development Division, Kamford Genetics Company Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - J C-O Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China
| | - K-H Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China
| | - P-Y Chung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China
| | - W-Y Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China
| | - Y-W Ho
- Allways Health Care Medical Centre, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong, China
| | - R S-M Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - R Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - C-H Chui
- Research Development Division, Kamford Genetics Company Limited, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Granato D, Mocan A, Câmara JS. Is a higher ingestion of phenolic compounds the best dietary strategy? A scientific opinion on the deleterious effects of polyphenols in vivo. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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From tea to treatment; epigallocatechin gallate and its potential involvement in minimizing the metabolic changes in cancer. Nutr Res 2019; 74:23-36. [PMID: 31918176 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
As the most abundant bioactive polyphenol in green tea, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a promising natural product that should be used in the discovery and development of potential drug leads. Due to its association with chemoprevention, EGCG may find a role in the development of therapeutics for prostate cancer. Natural products have long been used as a scaffold for drug design, as their already noted bioactivity can help accelerate the development of novel treatments. Green tea and the EGCG contained within have become associated with chemoprevention, and both in vitro and in vivo studies have correlated EGCG to inhibiting cell growth and increasing the metabolic stress of cancer cells, possibly giving merit to its long utilized therapeutic use in traditional therapies. There is accumulating evidence to suggest EGCG's role as an inhibitor of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling cascade, acting upon major axis points within cancer survival pathways. The purpose of this review is to examine the research conducted on tea along with EGCG in the areas of the treatment of and/or prevention of cancer. This review discusses Camellia sinensis as well as the bioactive phytochemical compounds contained within. Clinical uses of tea are explored, and possible pathways for activity are discussed before examining the evidence for EGCG's potential for acting on these processes. EGCG is identified as being a possible lead phytochemical for future drug design investigations.
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Natamycin photostability in acidified green tea beverage is dependent on mycosporine-like amino acids and epigallocatechin gallate interaction. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG), An Active Constituent of Green Tea: Implications in the Prevention of Liver Injury Induced by Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in Rats. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9224821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases are one of the most detrimental conditions that may cause inflammation, leading to tissue damage and perturbations in functions. Several drugs are conventionally available for the treatment of such diseases, but the emergence of resistance and drug-induced liver injury remains pervasive. Hence, alternative therapeutic strategies have to be looked upon. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a naturally occurring polyphenol in green tea that has been known for its disease-curing properties. In this study, we aimed to evaluate its anti-oxidative potential and protective role against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver injury. Four different groups of rats were used for this study. The first group received normal saline and served as the control group. The second group received DEN (50 mg/kg body wt) alone and third group received DEN plus EGCG (40 mg/kg body wt) only. The fourth group were treated with EGCG only. The liver protective effect of EGCG against DEN toxicity through monitoring the alterations in aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, serum level of pro-inflammatory mediators and anti-oxidant enzymes, histopathological alterations, measurement of cellular apoptosis, and cell cycle analysis was examined. The rats that were given DEN only had a highly significantly elevated levels of liver enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines, highly decreased anti-oxidative enzymes, and histological changes. In addition, a significant elevation in the percentage of apoptotic nuclei and cell cycle arrest in the sub- G1 phase was detected. EGCG acts as a hepatoprotectant on DENs by reducing the serum levels of liver functional enzymes, increasing total anti-oxidative capacity, reducing pathological changes and apoptosis, as well as causing the movement of cells from the sub G1 to S or G2/M phase of the cell cycle. In conclusion, EGCG displayed a powerful hepatoprotective additive as it considerably mitigates the liver toxicity and apoptosis induced by DEN.
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Udroiu I, Marinaccio J, Sgura A. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces telomere shortening and clastogenic damage in glioblastoma cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:683-692. [PMID: 31026358 DOI: 10.1002/em.22295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) is the major polyphenol in green tea, to which many anticancer features, such as antioxidative, antigenotoxic, and antiangiogenetic properties, are attributed. Moreover, it is also well known as a telomerase inhibitor. In this work, we have chronically treated U251 glioblastoma cells with low, physiologically realistic concentrations, of EGCG, in order to investigate its effects both on telomeres and on genome integrity. Inhibition of telomerase activity caused telomere shortening, ultimately leading to senescence and telomere dysfunction at 98 days. Remarkably, we have observed DNA damage through an increase of phosphorylation of γ-H2AX histone and micronuclei also with doses and at timepoints when telomere shortening was not present. Therefore, we concluded that this DNA damage was not correlated with telomere shortening and that EGCG treatment induced not only an increase of telomere-shortening-induced senescence but also telomere-independent genotoxicity. This study questions the common knowledge about EGCG properties, but confirms the few works that indicated the clastogenic properties of this molecule, probably due to DNA reductive damage and topoisomerase II poisoning. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 60:683-692, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Udroiu
- Department of Science, University "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
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43
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Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Souto EB, Cicala C, Caiazzo E, Izzo AA, Novellino E, Santini A. Polyphenols: A concise overview on the chemistry, occurrence, and human health. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2221-2243. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eliana B. Souto
- Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra Azinhaga de Santa Comba Coimbra Portugal
- CEB‐Centre of Biological EngineeringUniversity of Minho Braga Portugal
| | - Carla Cicala
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy
| | | | - Angelo A. Izzo
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy
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Ramesh N, Mandal AKA. Pharmacokinetic, toxicokinetic, and bioavailability studies of epigallocatechin-3-gallate loaded solid lipid nanoparticle in rat model. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1506-1514. [PMID: 31215261 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1634091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), derived from green tea, is an active phytochemical against many types of cancer, cardiovascular, neurological and inflammatory diseases. However, its pharmaceutical activity is limited due to low bioavailability and chemical instability. To overcome these limitations, we fabricated spherical, EGCG loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN-EGCG) as an oral delivery system. The SLN-EGCG showed a hydrodynamic diameter of 300.2 ± 3.8 nm with the drug encapsulation efficiency of 81 ± 1.4%. Additionally, a slow and sustained release of EGCG was noted. Mathematical modeling of release kinetic data suggested that the SLN-EGCG followed the Higuchi model and released EGCG via fickian diffusion method. The data on pharmacokinetic parameters indicated significantly improved bioavailability and protection of EGCG from degradation due to encapsulation into SLN. The SLN-EGCG did not show any acute or sub-chronic toxicity when compared with free EGCG in the rat model. Together these data supported the hypothesis that SLN-EGCG is capable of enhancing the bioavailability and stability of EGCG and can be used as an alternative system for oral administration of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Ramesh
- a School of Bio Sciences and Technology , Vellore Institute of Technology , Vellore , India
| | - Abul Kalam Azad Mandal
- a School of Bio Sciences and Technology , Vellore Institute of Technology , Vellore , India
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45
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Parvez MAK, Saha K, Rahman J, Munmun RA, Rahman MA, Dey SK, Rahman MS, Islam S, Shariare MH. Antibacterial activities of green tea crude extracts and synergistic effects of epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) with gentamicin against MDR pathogens. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02126. [PMID: 31372566 PMCID: PMC6658803 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts and their purified compounds were examined for synergistic antimicrobial activity using selected multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. The study aims to investigate the antibacterial activity of green tea (Camellia sinensis) and its purified compound epigallocatechingallate (EGCG). The synergistic relation of the compound with antibiotic was detected against selected potential Gram positive and Gram negative pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used as test pathogens which were resistant to different groups of antibiotics. After collection of fresh green tea leaves, samples were washed and air dried. EGCG is one of the bioactive compounds and was separated from tea plant. Antibacterial activity of EGCG and crude extracts of green tea were done by microdilution method (minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration). The synergistic effect of EGCG and gentamicin was determined. MIC value of green tea extract was found at 125 μg/mL in case of MDR E. coli, MDR S. aureus and their reference strains and MBC at 500 μg/mL against S. aureus. No MBC value was found against E. coli. EGCG showed better activity on Gram positive pathogen compared to that of Gram negative. MBC value of this compound was 1250 μg/mL for E. coli where 625 μg/mL for S. aureus. Strong synergistic relation (FICI 0.325) was found against pathogens in the combination of EGCG with gentamycin. The purified EGCG compound of green tea has great synergistic effect against MDR pathogens. More investigation is needed to know the inhibitory effect of these plant extracts and their components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Anowar Khasru Parvez
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Treasurer, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Karabi Saha
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Juairia Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rahath Ara Munmun
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Atikur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shuvra Kanti Dey
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahedur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Sohidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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46
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Naumovski N, Foscolou A, D'Cunha NM, Tyrovolas S, Chrysohoou C, Sidossis LS, Rallidis L, Matalas AL, Polychronopoulos E, Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos D. The Association between Green and Black Tea Consumption on Successful Aging: A Combined Analysis of the ATTICA and MEDiterranean ISlands (MEDIS) Epidemiological Studies. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101862. [PMID: 31096548 PMCID: PMC6571865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea is one of the most-widely consumed beverages in the world with a number of different beneficial health effects, mainly ascribed to the polyphenolic content of the tea catechins. The aim of this study was to examine the consumption of green, black, or no tea, in relation to the previously validated successful ageing index (SAI; higher values "healthier" ageing) in a combined analysis of adults aged >50 years old from the ATTICA (n = 1128 adults from Athens, Greece metropolitan area) and the MEDiterranean Islands Study (MEDIS) (n = 2221 adults from various Greek island and Mani) studies. After adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and coffee consumption, green tea was positively associated with SAI (b ± SE: 0.225 ± 0.055, p < 0.001), while black tea was negatively associated with SAI (unstandardized b coefficient ± Standard error: -0.807 ± 0.054, p < 0.001). Green tea (vs black tea) consumption, had higher odds of a SAI of over 3.58 out of 10 (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.38-2.28). Green tea consumption was also associated with higher levels of physical activity (p < 0.001) and reduced likelihood of hypertension (p = 0.006) compared with black tea. Two possible mechanisms are that green tea possesses high levels of catechins such as (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate and l-theanine compared with black tea. Therefore, the present analysis supports both the role of green tea constituents in successful ageing, as well as its role as an important component of an overall healthy diet in adults aged 50 years and over from these two epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, 2617 Canberra, Australia.
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, 2617 Bruce, Australia.
| | - Alexandra Foscolou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 176 76 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nathan M D'Cunha
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, 2617 Canberra, Australia. Nathan.D'
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, 2617 Bruce, Australia. Nathan.D'
| | - Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 176 76 Athens, Greece.
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece.
| | - Labros S Sidossis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 176 76 Athens, Greece.
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Loukianos Rallidis
- Second Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece.
| | - Antonia-Leda Matalas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 176 76 Athens, Greece.
| | - Evangelos Polychronopoulos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 176 76 Athens, Greece.
| | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece.
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, 2617 Canberra, Australia.
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, 2617 Bruce, Australia.
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 176 76 Athens, Greece.
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ 08901, USA.
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47
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Ho HC, Huang CC, Lu YT, Yeh CM, Ho YT, Yang SF, Hsin CH, Lin CW. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits migration of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by repressing MMP-2 expression. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20915-20924. [PMID: 31012106 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis of the cancer cells to the regional lymph nodes parts of the body remains an important cause of treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most important ingredient in the green tea, has been reported to possess antioxidant and anticancer activities. However, the effects of EGCG on NPC cell metastasis are still unclear. In the present study, we examined the in vitro antimetastatic properties of EGCG on human NPC cells, NPC-39, HONE-1 and NPC-BM. The results revealed that EGCG considerably inhibited the migration abilities of three NPC cells. The matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) activity and expression were also significantly inhibited by EGCG treatment. Furthermore, EGCG suppressed the phosphorylation of the Src signaling pathway. Moreover, blocking the Src pathway also inhibits MMP-2 expression and migration in the NPC cells. In conclusion, this study revealed that EGCG could inhibit the metastatic activity of human NPC cells by downregulating the protein expression of MMP-2 through modulation of the Src signaling pathway, suggesting that EGCG may be a potential candidate for chemoprevention of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Chueh Ho
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chen Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Yeh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Ho
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Hsin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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48
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Prakash M, Basavaraj B, Chidambara Murthy K. Biological functions of epicatechin: Plant cell to human cell health. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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49
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Tsuda Y, Yamanaka K, Toyoshima R, Ueda M, Masuda T, Misumi Y, Ogura T, Ando Y. Development of transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing human transthyretin as a model for drug screening. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17884. [PMID: 30552363 PMCID: PMC6294829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial amyloid polyneuropathy is a hereditary systemic amyloidosis caused by a mutation in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. Amyloid deposits in tissues of patients contain not only full-length TTR but also C-terminal TTR fragments. However, in vivo models to evaluate the pathogenicity of TTR fragments have not yet been developed. Here, we generated transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strains expressing several types of TTR fragments or full-length TTR fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein in the body wall muscle cells and analyzed the phenotypes of the worms. The transgenic strain expressing residues 81-127 of TTR, which included the β-strands F and H, formed aggregates and caused defective worm motility and a significantly shortened lifespan compared with other strains. These findings suggest that the C-terminal fragments of TTR may contribute to cytotoxicity of TTR amyloidosis in vivo. By using this C. elegans model system, we found that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a major polyphenol in green tea, significantly inhibited the formation of aggregates, the defective motility, and the shortened lifespan caused by residues 81-127 of TTR. These results suggest that our newly developed C. elegans model system will be useful for in vivo pathological analyses of TTR amyloidosis as well as drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimoto Tsuda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Risa Toyoshima
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Teruaki Masuda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yohei Misumi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Teru Ogura
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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50
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Stevens JF, Revel JS, Maier CS. Mitochondria-Centric Review of Polyphenol Bioactivity in Cancer Models. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1589-1611. [PMID: 29084444 PMCID: PMC6207154 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Humans are exposed daily to polyphenols in milligram-to-gram amounts through dietary consumption of fruits and vegetables. Polyphenols are also available as components of dietary supplements for improving general health. Although polyphenols are often advertised as antioxidants to explain health benefits, experimental evidence shows that their beneficial cancer preventing and controlling properties are more likely due to stimulation of pro-oxidant and proapoptotic pathways. Recent Advances: The understanding of the biological differences between cancer and normal cell, and especially the role that mitochondria play in carcinogenesis, has greatly advanced in recent years. These advances have resulted in a wealth of new information on polyphenol bioactivity in cell culture and animal models of cancer. Polyphenols appear to target oxidative phosphorylation and regulation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), glycolysis, pro-oxidant pathways, and antioxidant (adaptive) stress responses with greater selectivity in tumorigenic cells. CRITICAL ISSUES The ability of polyphenols to dissipate the MMP (Δψm) by a protonophore mechanism has been known for more than 50 years. However, researchers focus primarily on the downstream molecular effects of Δψm dissipation and mitochondrial uncoupling. We argue that the physicochemical properties of polyphenols are responsible for their anticancer properties by virtue of their protonophoric and pro-oxidant properties rather than their specific effects on downstream molecular targets. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Polyphenol-induced dissipation of Δψm is a physicochemical process that cancer cells cannot develop resistance against by gene mutation. Therefore, polyphenols should receive more attention as agents for cotherapy with cancer drugs to gain synergistic activity. Antioxid. Redox Signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F. Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Johana S. Revel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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