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Unión-Caballero A, Meroño T, Zamora-Ros R, Rostgaard-Hansen AL, Miñarro A, Sánchez-Pla A, Estanyol-Torres N, Martínez-Huelamo M, Cubedo M, González-Domínguez R, Tjønneland A, Riccardi G, Landberg R, Halkjær J, Andrés-Lacueva C. Metabolome biomarkers linking dietary fibre intake with cardiometabolic effects: results from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health-Next Generations MAX study. Food Funct 2024; 15:1643-1654. [PMID: 38247399 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04763f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Biomarkers associated with dietary fibre intake, as complements to traditional dietary assessment tools, may improve the understanding of its role in human health. Our aim was to discover metabolite biomarkers related to dietary fibre intake and investigate their association with cardiometabolic risk factors. We used data and samples from the Danish Diet Cancer and Health Next Generation (DCH-NG) MAX-study, a one-year observational study with evaluations at baseline, six and 12 months (n = 624, 55% female, mean age: 43 years, 1353 observations). Direct associations between fibre intake and plasma concentrations of 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,6-DHBA) and indolepropionic acid were observed at the three time-points. Both metabolites showed an intraclass-correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.50 and were associated with the self-reported intake of wholegrain cereals, and of fruits and vegetables, respectively. Other metabolites associated with dietary fibre intake were linolenoyl carnitine, 2-aminophenol, 3,4-DHBA, and proline betaine. Based on the metabolites associated with dietary fibre intake we calculated predicted values of fibre intake using a multivariate, machine-learning algorithm. Metabolomics-based predicted fibre, but not self-reported fibre values, showed negative associations with cardiometabolic risk factors (i.e. high sensitivity C-reactive protein, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, all FDR-adjusted p-values <0.05). Furthermore, different correlations with gut microbiota composition were observed. In conclusion, 2,6-DHBA and indolepropionic acid in plasma may better link dietary fibre intake with its metabolic effects than self-reported values. These metabolites may represent a novel class of biomarkers reflecting both dietary exposure and host and/or gut microbiota characteristics providing a read-out that is differentially related to cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Unión-Caballero
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació I Gastronomia, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Meroño
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació I Gastronomia, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Miñarro
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Sánchez-Pla
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Estanyol-Torres
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació I Gastronomia, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miriam Martínez-Huelamo
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació I Gastronomia, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cubedo
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl González-Domínguez
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació I Gastronomia, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gabrielle Riccardi
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jytte Halkjær
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cristina Andrés-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació I Gastronomia, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Koistinen VM, Haldar S, Tuomainen M, Lehtonen M, Klåvus A, Draper J, Lloyd A, Beckmann M, Bal W, Ross AB, Brandt K, Fawcett L, Seal C, Hanhineva K. Metabolic changes in response to varying whole-grain wheat and rye intake. NPJ Sci Food 2024; 8:8. [PMID: 38291073 PMCID: PMC10828387 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown associations between whole-grain intake and lowered disease risk. A sufficient level of whole-grain intake to reach the health benefits has not been established, and there is limited knowledge about the impact of whole-grain intake on metabolite levels. In this clinical intervention study, we aimed to identify plasma and urine metabolites associated with two different intake levels of whole-grain wheat and rye and to correlate them with clinical plasma biomarkers. Healthy volunteers (N = 68) were divided into two groups receiving either whole-grain wheat or whole-grain rye in two four-week interventions with 48 and 96 g/d of whole grains consumed. The metabolomics of the plasma samples was performed with UPLC-QTOF-MS. Plasma alkylresorcinols were quantified with GC-MS and plasma and urinary mammalian lignans with HPLC-ECD. The high-dose intervention impacted the metabolite profile, including microbial metabolites, more in the rye-enriched diet compared with wheat. Among the increased metabolites were alkylresorcinol glucuronides, sinapyl alcohol, and pipecolic acid betaine, while the decreased metabolites included acylcarnitines and ether lipids. Plasma alkylresorcinols, urinary enterolactone, and total mammalian lignans reflected the study diets in a dose-dependent manner. Several key metabolites linked with whole-grain consumption and gut microbial metabolism increased in a linear manner between the two interventions. The results reveal that an increase in whole-grain intake, particularly rye, is strongly reflected in the metabolite profile, is correlated with clinical variables, and suggests that a diet rich in whole grains promotes the growth and/or metabolism of microbes producing potentially beneficial microbial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville M Koistinen
- Food Sciences Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Sumanto Haldar
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovations (SIFBI), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Marjo Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anton Klåvus
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - John Draper
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
| | - Amanda Lloyd
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
| | - Manfred Beckmann
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK
| | - Wendy Bal
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Kirsten Brandt
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lee Fawcett
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Chris Seal
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Food Sciences Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Food and Nutrition Science Division, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sawicki C, Haslam D, Bhupathiraju S. Utilising the precision nutrition toolkit in the path towards precision medicine. Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:359-369. [PMID: 37475596 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123003038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The overall aim of precision nutrition is to replace the 'one size fits all' approach to dietary advice with recommendations that are more specific to the individual in order to improve the prevention or management of chronic disease. Interest in precision nutrition has grown with advancements in technologies such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and measurement of the gut microbiome. Precision nutrition initiatives have three major applications in precision medicine. First, they aim to provide more 'precision' dietary assessments through artificial intelligence, wearable devices or by employing omic technologies to characterise diet more precisely. Secondly, precision nutrition allows us to understand the underlying mechanisms of how diet influences disease risk and identify individuals who are more susceptible to disease due to gene-diet or microbiota-diet interactions. Third, precision nutrition can be used for 'personalised nutrition' advice where machine-learning algorithms can integrate data from omic profiles with other personal and clinical measures to improve disease risk. Proteomics and metabolomics especially provide the ability to discover new biomarkers of food or nutrient intake, proteomic or metabolomic signatures of diet and disease, and discover potential mechanisms of diet-disease interactions. Although there are several challenges that must be overcome to improve the reproducibility, cost-effectiveness and efficacy of these approaches, precision nutrition methodologies have great potential for nutrition research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleigh Sawicki
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Haslam
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shilpa Bhupathiraju
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Rijnaarts I, de Roos N, Zoetendal EG, de Wit N, Witteman BJM. Development and validation of the FiberScreen: A short questionnaire to screen fibre intake in adults. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 34:969-980. [PMID: 34378249 PMCID: PMC9290675 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Health effects of dietary fibres are the topic of many studies. Eligibility criteria often include a certain fibre intake, which requires dietary screening during recruitment. However, dietary assessment methods are extensive and burdensome for both the researcher and participant. Therefore, we developed and validated a short questionnaire (FiberScreen) to screen fibre intake. Methods The initial five‐item questionnaire assessed fruit, vegetable, whole grain, pasta/rice/potato and legume intake. The optimised FiberScreen included 18 items, which further specified intake of the above‐mentioned categories, and included nuts and seeds. The FiberScreen was completed during two fibre promoting interventions. In Study A, participants without constipation completed the five‐item FiberScreen and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) during screening (n = 131), and the 18‐item FiberScreen and a FFQ at 3‐month follow‐up (n = 87). In Study B, 29 constipated participants completed the 18‐item FiberScreen at screening and a FFQ during the first study visit. Results The fibre estimate from the five‐item FiberScreen and the FFQ was moderately correlated (r = 0.356, p < 0.001). Importantly, the 18‐item FiberScreen and FFQ, when data of both studies were combined, had a strong correlation (r = 0.563, p < 0.001). The 18‐item FiberScreen had a lower fibre estimate compared to the FFQ (Δ = 1.2 ± 5.9 g, p = 0.030) but the difference was relatively small. Bland–Altman plots showed a good agreement between the questionnaires. Completion time of the 18‐item FiberScreen was 4.2 ± 2 min. Conclusions The 18‐item FiberScreen is a suitable short screening questionnaire for ranking the fibre intake of adults. The 18‐item FiberScreen can help to reduce screening burden for both the participant and researcher. Dietary screening during recruitment is more elaborate than is often needed, and burdensome for both the researcher and participant. An 18‐item FiberScreen questionnaire to screen fibre intake was developed and validated in Dutch adults with and without gastrointestinal complaints. The 18‐item FiberScreen had a good agreement with a food frequency questionnaire.
Completion time of the 18‐item FiberScreen was around 4 min, compared to 45–60 min for the food frequency questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Rijnaarts
- Division of Human Nutrition & Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole de Roos
- Division of Human Nutrition & Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole de Wit
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben J M Witteman
- Division of Human Nutrition & Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Gelderse Vallei, Ede, The Netherlands
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Long-term whole-grain rye and wheat consumption and their associations with selected biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial function, and cardiovascular disease. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 75:123-132. [PMID: 32782386 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Whole-grain (WG) intake has been associated with a lowered risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers in epidemiological studies. Reduced subclinical inflammation could be one important mechanism behind such associations. This study investigated whether high long-term WG rye and wheat intakes were associated with lower concentrations of biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial function, and protein biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease. SUBJECTS/METHODS We assessed WG intake by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and by measuring alkylresorcinols (ARs) in plasma and adipose tissue, respectively. Selected biomarkers in free-living 109 women and 149 men were analyzed from two clinical subcohort studies (Swedish Mammography Cohort-Clinical (SMC-C) and Cohort of Swedish Men-Clinical (COSM-C), respectively. Total WG rye and wheat (WGRnW) and the ratio of WG rye to WG rye and wheat (WGR/WGRnW) were estimated from FFQs. ARs were measured in plasma and adipose tissue by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the biomarkers by ELISA. RESULTS We found no consistent associations between WG intake assessed by different methods and the selected biomarkers. However, WGRnW intake was inversely associated with cathepsin S (P-trend < 0.05) and total AR and C17:0/C21:0 in plasma were inversely associated with the endostatin concentration (P-trend < 0.05) adjusted for BMI, age, and sex. CONCLUSION The results give limited support to the hypothesis that a high WG wheat and rye intake is associated with lower concentrations of common biomarkers of inflammation and CVD that have previously been reported inversely associated with WG intake or an overall healthy lifestyle.
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Biomarkers of Whole-Grain and Cereal-Fiber Intake in Human Studies: A Systematic Review of the Available Evidence and Perspectives. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122994. [PMID: 31817759 PMCID: PMC6950731 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High whole-grain consumption is related to better health outcomes. The specific physiological effect of these compounds is still unrevealed, partly because the accurate estimation of the intake of whole grains from dietary assessments is difficult and prone to bias, due to the complexity of the estimation of the intake by the consumer. A biomarker of whole-grain intake and type of whole-grain intake would be useful for quantifying the exposure to whole-grain intake. In this review, we aim to review the evidence on the potential biomarkers for whole-grain intake in the literature. We conducted a systematic search in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane database. In total, 39 papers met the inclusion criteria following the PRISMA guidelines and were included. The relative validity, responsiveness, and reproducibility of these markers were assessed for short-, medium-, and long-term exposure as important criteria for the potential use of these biomarkers from a clinical and research perspective. We found three major groups of biomarkers: (1) alkylresorcinol, as well as its homologs and metabolites, assessed in plasma, adipose tissue biopsies, erythrocyte membranes, and urine; (2) avenacosides, assessed in urine samples; and (3) benzoxazinoid-derived phenylacetamide sulfates, assessed in blood and urine samples. The reviewed biomarkers may be used for improved assessment of associations between whole-grain intake and health outcomes.
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Landberg R, Hanhineva K, Tuohy K, Garcia-Aloy M, Biskup I, Llorach R, Yin X, Brennan L, Kolehmainen M. Biomarkers of cereal food intake. GENES AND NUTRITION 2019; 14:28. [PMID: 31632507 PMCID: PMC6790055 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background/objectives Cereal foods are major contributors to the daily energy, protein, and dietary fiber intake all over the world. The role of cereals in human health is dependent on whether they are consumed as refined or whole grain and on cereal species. To unravel the underlying mechanisms of health effects attributed to specific cereal foods and to provide more precise dietary advice, there is a need for improved dietary assessment of whole-grain intake. Dietary biomarkers of specific cereals, different fractions or cereal-containing foods could offer such a possibility. The aim of this review was to summarize the current status on biomarkers of different cereals, fractions, and specific cereal foods. Subjects and methods A literature review was conducted and putative biomarkers of different cereals and pseudo-cereals (wheat, oats, rye, barley, rice, and quinoa) as well as for different grain fractions (whole grain, refined grain, bran) and foods were summarized and discussed. Results Several putative biomarkers have been suggested for different cereals, due to their unique presence in these grains. Among the biomarkers, odd-numbered alkylresorcinols are the most well-studied and -evaluated biomarkers and reflect whole-grain wheat and rye intake. Even-numbered alkylresorcinols have been suggested to reflect quinoa intake. Recent studies have also highlighted the potential of avenanthramides and avenacosides as specific biomarkers of oat intake, and a set of biomarkers have been suggested to reflect rice bran intake. However, there are yet no specific biomarkers of refined grains. Most biomarker candidates remain to be evaluated in controlled interventions and free-living populations before applied as biomarkers of intake in food and health studies. Conclusion Several putative biomarkers of different cereals have been suggested and should be validated in human studies using recently developed food intake biomarker validation criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Landberg
- 1Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- 2Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- 3Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Unit, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38010 Trento, Italy
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- 4Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,5CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Izabela Biskup
- 1Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rafael Llorach
- 4Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,5CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xiaofei Yin
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- 2Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Evaluation of alkylresorcinols in adipose tissue biopsies as a long-term biomarker of whole-grain wheat and rye intake in free-living Swedish men and women. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:1933-1942. [PMID: 29547368 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wheat and rye, the most consumed whole grains (WG) in the Nordic countries, contain alkylresorcinols (AR) in their bran. AR concentrations in human adipose tissue might reflect long-term WG rye and wheat intake. We aimed to evaluate AR concentrations in adipose tissue biopsies as a long-term biomarker of WG wheat and rye intake in free-living Swedish men and women. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. AR concentrations in adipose tissue biopsies were analysed and compared with long-term WG intake assessed by three FFQ (repeated over a period of 14 years in men, 17 years in women) and with plasma AR concentrations. SETTING The Cohort of Swedish Men between 1997 and 2010 and the Swedish Mammography Cohort between 1987 and 2003, Sweden. SUBJECTS Men (n 149) and women (n 109). RESULTS Long-term WG rye intake estimated with repeated FFQ correlated (r=0·31-0·41, P<0·01) with adipose-tissue AR concentrations, while WG wheat intake correlated only weakly (r=0·17-0·33, P<0·05). Total AR concentration in adipose tissue was 61 % lower in women than in men at similar energy-adjusted WG wheat and rye intakes, but plasma concentrations were similar. AR concentrations in adipose tissue correlated well with plasma concentrations (r=0·49-0·81, P<0·001). CONCLUSIONS AR in adipose tissue reflected long-term WG rye but not WG wheat intake, probably due to poor precision in estimating WG wheat intake by FFQ. AR in adipose tissue appears promising as a biomarker of long-term WG rye intake but should be adjusted for sex.
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Landberg R, Wierzbicka R, Shi L, Nybacka S, Kamal-Eldin A, Hedblad B, Lindroos AK, Winkvist A, Forslund HB. New alkylresorcinol metabolites in spot urine as biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye intake in a Swedish middle-aged population. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:1439-1446. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-017-0079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Gao Q, Praticò G, Scalbert A, Vergères G, Kolehmainen M, Manach C, Brennan L, Afman LA, Wishart DS, Andres-Lacueva C, Garcia-Aloy M, Verhagen H, Feskens EJM, Dragsted LO. A scheme for a flexible classification of dietary and health biomarkers. GENES & NUTRITION 2017; 12:34. [PMID: 29255495 PMCID: PMC5728065 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are an efficient means to examine intakes or exposures and their biological effects and to assess system susceptibility. Aided by novel profiling technologies, the biomarker research field is undergoing rapid development and new putative biomarkers are continuously emerging in the scientific literature. However, the existing concepts for classification of biomarkers in the dietary and health area may be ambiguous, leading to uncertainty about their application. In order to better understand the potential of biomarkers and to communicate their use and application, it is imperative to have a solid scheme for biomarker classification that will provide a well-defined ontology for the field. In this manuscript, we provide an improved scheme for biomarker classification based on their intended use rather than the technology or outcomes (six subclasses are suggested: food compound intake biomarkers (FCIBs), food or food component intake biomarkers (FIBs), dietary pattern biomarkers (DPBs), food compound status biomarkers (FCSBs), effect biomarkers, physiological or health state biomarkers). The application of this scheme is described in detail for the dietary and health area and is compared with previous biomarker classification for this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giulia Praticò
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Biomarkers Group, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Guy Vergères
- Agroscope, Federal Office of Agriculture, Berne, Switzerland
| | | | - Claudine Manach
- INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, F63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lydia A. Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David S. Wishart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans Verhagen
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy
- University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland UK
| | - Edith J. M. Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lars O. Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Kyrø C, Kristensen M, Jakobsen MU, Halkjær J, Landberg R, Bueno-de-Mesquita HA, Christensen J, Romieu I, Tjønneland A, Olsen A. Dietary intake of whole grains and plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations in relation to changes in anthropometry: the Danish diet, cancer and health cohort study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:944-952. [PMID: 28176776 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Whole grain intake has been associated with a small but significant lower body weight gain in observational studies, but there is limited knowledge about the associations with specific whole grain types. The objective was to investigate the association between whole grains, different sources of whole grains and biomarkers of whole grain intake (alkylresorcinols) in relation to subsequent changes in waist circumference (WC) and body weight. SUBJECTS/METHODS Cohort study of 57 053 participants with baseline information on whole grain intake from questionnaires (FFQ) and biomarkers of whole grain rye and wheat intake, plasma alkylresorcinols, for a subset. WC and body weight were measured at baseline and again at follow-up. The associations were estimated using multiple linear regression analyses and logistic regression. RESULTS For women, overall whole grain intake was not related to changes in WC or body weight. For men, total whole grain intake was associated with gains in WC (ΔWC per 25 g increment: 0.44 cm, 95% CI: 0.34 cm; 0.54 cm) and body weight (Δweight per 25 g increment: 150 g, 95% CI: 78 g; 222 g), but the results changed to null or changed direction when adjusting for baseline anthropometry. For the different sources of whole grains, rye (women) and crispbread was significantly associated with gains in WC and body weight. Plasma alkylresorcinol concentration was associated with reduced WC, but not body weight, for women (ΔWC per 50 nmol/l increment: -0.69 cm, 95% CI:-1.26 cm;-0.13 cm), but no association was found for men. CONCLUSIONS Overall, no strong relationship between whole grain intake, measured from questionnaires or using biomarkers was found in relation to changes in body weight and WC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kyrø
- Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO-IARC), Lyon, France
| | - M Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M U Jakobsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J Halkjær
- Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Landberg
- Department of Food Science, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hb As Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Christensen
- Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I Romieu
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO-IARC), Lyon, France
| | - A Tjønneland
- Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Olsen
- Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Choung RS, Murray JA, Marietta EV, Van Dyke CT, Ross AB. Serum alkylresorcinols as biomarkers of dietary gluten exposure in coeliac disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:643-652. [PMID: 28052442 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy for coeliac disease (CD) mainly relies on following a gluten-free diet (GFD); however, a serum marker for gluten intake has yet to be established. AIM To evaluate the utility of alkylresorcinol concentrations for detecting gluten intake in studies of human and mouse. METHODS Alkylresorcinol concentrations were compared among treated patients with coeliac disease (n = 34), untreated coeliac disease patients (n = 36) and controls (n = 33). Furthermore, seven additional coeliac disease patients whose serum samples were available at diagnosis and after GFD were evaluated. In mice studies, alkylresorcinol concentrations were compared in the serum of five mice fed a regular chow and 10 mice fed lifelong with a gluten-free chow. In addition, the effect of adding gluten on changes of alkylresorcinol concentrations was also evaluated. RESULTS Total alkylresorcinol concentrations were significantly lower in treated with coeliac disease [median (IQR), 3 (2-8) nmol/L], compared to untreated patients [median (IQR), 32 (11-74) nmol/L; P < 0.0001] or healthy controls [median (IQR), 54 (23-112) nmol/L; P < 0.0001]. Moreover, alkylresorcinol concentrations in coeliac disease patients significantly decreased after introduction of a GFD (median, 34 nmol/L at diagnosis vs. 5 nmol/L after GFD, P = 0.02). In the mice, median (IQR) total alkylresorcinol concentrations in serum samples of mice fed lifelong with a gluten-free chow was 1.8 (1.6-2.3) nmol/L, which was further significantly increased to 16 (11-22) nmol/L after 8 days of feeding with the gluten-free chow that had gluten added to it. (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Serum alkylresorcinol concentrations could be a useful marker for dietary gluten in coeliac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Choung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J A Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - E V Marietta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C T Van Dyke
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A B Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Zawilska P, Cieślik-Boczula K. Laurdan emission study of the cholesterol-like effect of long-chain alkylresorcinols on the structure of dipalmitoylphosphocholine and sphingomyelin membranes. Biophys Chem 2017; 221:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Nybacka S, Bertéus Forslund H, Hedelin M. Validity of a web-based dietary questionnaire designed especially to measure the intake of phyto-oestrogens. J Nutr Sci 2016; 5:e36. [PMID: 27752303 PMCID: PMC5048187 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2016.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A diet questionnaire (DQ) designed to assess habitual diet and phyto-oestrogen intake was developed. This study aimed to examine the validity of the DQ in men, with and without having prostate cancer. The DQ was validated against alkylresorcinol metabolites measured in urine as objective biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye (WG) intake, and a 4-d estimated food record (FR) was used for relative comparison. Participants (n 61) completed both methods and provided spot urine samples. We found a statistically significant correlation between the DQ and FR for reported whole grain intake and isoflavonoids, as well as for intake of macronutrients, except protein. The correlation coefficient between the two methods was on average r 0·30, lowest for lignans (r -0·11) and highest for alcohol (r 0·65). Reported energy intake was lower in the DQ compared with FR (8523 v. 9249 kJ (2037 v. 2211 kcal), respectively; P = 0·014). Bland-Altman plots showed an acceptable agreement; most cases were within the limits (95 % CI) of agreement on reported energy intake, as well as intake of macronutrients, except protein (which was underestimated in the DQ compared with the FR). The correlation of alkylresorcinol with WG intake was statistically significant in the DQ (r 0·31, P = 0·015), but not in the FR (r 0·18, P = 0·12) and the weighted κ was 0·29 and 0·11, respectively. In conclusion, the results showed that the DQ have a reasonable validity for measuring WG intake and most nutrients, and, after some adjustments regarding protein intake assessment have been made, the DQ will be a promising tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Nybacka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Heléne Bertéus Forslund
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Hedelin
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Nybacka S, Lindroos AK, Wirfält E, Leanderson P, Landberg R, Ericson U, Larsson I, Warensjö Lemming E, Bergström G, Hedblad B, Orho-Melander M, Melander O, Winkvist A, Bertéus Forslund H. Carotenoids and alkylresorcinols as objective biomarkers of diet quality when assessing the validity of a web-based food record tool and a food frequency questionnaire in a middle-aged population. BMC Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40795-016-0094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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16
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Biskup I, Kyrø C, Marklund M, Olsen A, van Dam RM, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Lindahl B, Johansson I, Landberg R. Plasma alkylresorcinols, biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, and risk of type 2 diabetes in Scandinavian men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:88-96. [PMID: 27281306 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.133496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies that use dietary biomarkers to investigate the association between whole-grain intake and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) are lacking. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between plasma total alkylresorcinols and the alkylresorcinol C17:0-to-C21:0 ratio, biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake and relative whole-grain rye over whole-grain wheat intake, respectively, and the risk of T2D among Scandinavian men and women. DESIGN A nested case-control study was established within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study and the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Alkylresorcinol concentrations and the ratios of C17:0 to C21:0 were determined in plasma samples from 931 case-control pairs. ORs for T2D were calculated for plasma total alkylresorcinol concentration or C17:0-to-C21:0 ratio in quartiles with the use of conditional logistic regression that was adjusted for potential confounders. Additional analyses with whole-grain wheat and rye intake estimated from food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs) as exposures were also performed. RESULTS The plasma total alkylresorcinol concentration was not associated with T2D risk (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.88) for the highest compared with the lowest quartiles in multivariable adjusted models. However, the C17:0-to-C21:0 ratio was associated with a lower diabetes risk (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.78). Analyses with whole-grain intake estimated from FFQs yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS Total whole-grain wheat and rye intake, reflected by alkylresorcinols in plasma, was not associated with a lower risk of T2D in a population with high whole-grain intake. In contrast, the proportion of whole-grain rye to whole-grain wheat intake, indicated by the plasma C17:0-to-C21:0 ratio, was inversely associated with T2D. This suggests that whole-grain intake dominated by rye may be favorable for T2D prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Biskup
- Department of Food Science, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pharmacognosy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Cecilie Kyrø
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matti Marklund
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bernt Lindahl
- Departments of Public Health and Clinical Medicine and
| | | | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Food Science, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Oskarsson A, Ohlsson Andersson Å. Suppressed Sex Hormone Biosynthesis by Alkylresorcinols: A Possible Link to Chemoprevention. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:978-87. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1190022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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18
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Wu H, Kolehmainen M, Mykkänen H, Poutanen K, Uusitupa M, Schwab U, Wolk A, Landberg R. Alkylresorcinols in adipose tissue biopsies as biomarkers of whole-grain intake: an exploratory study of responsiveness to advised intake over 12 weeks. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:1244-8. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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19
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McKeown NM, Marklund M, Ma J, Ross AB, Lichtenstein AH, Livingston KA, Jacques PF, Rasmussen HM, Blumberg JB, Chen CYO. Comparison of plasma alkylresorcinols (AR) and urinary AR metabolites as biomarkers of compliance in a short-term, whole-grain intervention study. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1235-44. [PMID: 26043861 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alkylresorcinols (AR) are phenolic lipids present in the bran of wheat and rye. Plasma AR and their urinary metabolites may be suitable biomarkers of whole-grain (WG) wheat and rye consumption. The objective of this study was to examine plasma AR and urinary AR metabolites in response to WG wheat consumption. METHODS In a randomized crossover study, 19 subjects (10 males, 9 females; BMI 22.0 kg/m(2); age 26 years) incorporated either 3 servings (48 g) or 6 servings (96 g) of WG wheat daily into their regular diet for 1 week. Subjects completed a 2-week washout period, abstaining from all WG consumption, before each intervention. Fasting blood and 24-h urine were collected before and after each intervention. Plasma AR homologues (C19:0, C21:0, C23:0) were quantified by GC-MS after diethyl ether and solid phase extraction and derivatization. Urinary AR metabolites [3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid] were determined using HPLC with electrochemical detection after enzymatic deconjugation and ethyl acetate extraction. RESULTS Urinary total AR metabolites were significantly higher after 6 compared with 3 servings of WG wheat (56 vs. 32 μmol/day, P < 0.001). This dose-response relationship was independent of age, sex, energy intake, and baseline urinary AR metabolite concentration. Plasma total AR tended to be higher after 6 compared with 3 servings of WG wheat (103.0 vs. 86.9 nmol/L), but this difference was not significant (P = 0.42). CONCLUSION The results suggest that urinary AR metabolites from 24-h urine collections may be useful as biomarkers of compliance in intervention studies of WG wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M McKeown
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. .,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Matti Marklund
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jiantao Ma
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Alastair B Ross
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Life Science Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kara A Livingston
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen M Rasmussen
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Blumberg
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Plasma alkylresorcinols, biomarkers of whole-grain intake, are not associated with progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease. Public Health Nutr 2015; 19:326-31. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980015001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between plasma alkyresorcinol (AR) concentrations, which are biomarkers of whole-grain intake, and atherosclerotic progression over 3 years in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease.DesignPlasma AR concentrations were measured by a validated GC–MS method in fasting plasma samples. Atherosclerosis progression was assessed using change in mean minimal coronary artery diameter (MCAD) and percentage diameter stenosis (%ST), based on mean proximal vessel diameter across up to ten coronary segments. Dietary intake was estimated using a 126-item interviewer-administered FFQ.SettingA prospective study of postmenopausal women participating in the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis trial.SubjectsFor the analysis of plasma AR concentrations and atherosclerotic progression, plasma samples and follow-up data on angiography were available for 182 women.ResultsMean whole-grain intake was 9·6 (se 0·6) servings per week. After multivariate adjustment, no significant associations were observed between plasma AR concentrations and change in mean MCAD or progression of %ST. Plasma AR concentrations were significantly correlated with dietary whole grains (r=0·35, P<0·001), cereal fibre (r=0·33, P<0·001), bran (r=0·15, P=0·05), total fibre (r=0·22, P=0·003) and legume fibre (r=0·15, P=0·04), but not refined grains, fruit fibre or vegetable fibre.ConclusionsPlasma AR concentrations were not significantly associated with coronary artery progression over a 3-year period in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease. A moderate association was observed between plasma AR concentrations and dietary whole grains and cereal fibre, suggesting it may be a useful biomarker in observational studies.
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Ciccoritti R, Pasquini M, Sgrulletta D, Nocente F. Effect of 5-n-alkylresorcinol extracts from durum wheat whole grain on the growth of fusarium head blight (FHB) causal agents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:43-50. [PMID: 25496267 DOI: 10.1021/jf5054518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In an approach toward the identification of ecofriendly compounds for fusarium head blight biocontrol, the in vitro antifungal activity of 5-n-alkylresorcinol (AR) extracts, obtained from durum wheat intact kernels, was tested. In comparison with ethyl acetate and acetone extracts containing AR, total inhibition of Fusarium graminearum spore germination was observed with cyclohexane extract, which also exhibited a significant fungistatic activity against F. graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium avenaceum, and Fusarium poae. Additionally, the study of the influence of such variables as predrying of seeds and durum wheat genotype on AR cyclohexane extract properties allowed the association of its highest antifungal activity with the AR homologue composition and, in particular, with the presence of a higher C21:0/C23:0 ratio. The interesting finding of this study suggests a potential application of the AR homologues in crop protection systems and could be an important step toward the development of commercial formulations suitable to the prevention of fungal diseases.
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22
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Kyrø C, Olsen A, Bueno-de-Mesquita HBA, Skeie G, Loft S, Åman P, Leenders M, Dik VK, Siersema PD, Pischon T, Christensen J, Overvad K, Boutron-Ruault MC, Fagherazzi G, Cottet V, Kühn T, Chang-Claude J, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Naska A, Oikonomidou D, Masala G, Pala V, Tumino R, Vineis P, Mattiello A, Peeters PH, Bakken T, Weiderpass E, Asli LA, Sánchez S, Jakszyn P, Sánchez MJ, Amiano P, Huerta JM, Barricarte A, Ljuslinder I, Palmqvist R, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Key TJ, Travis RC, Slimani N, Freisling H, Ferrari P, Gunter MJ, Murphy N, Riboli E, Tjønneland A, Landberg R. Plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations, biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Br J Nutr 2014; 111:1881-90. [PMID: 24521535 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513004388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Whole-grain intake has been reported to be associated with a lower risk of several lifestyle-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, CVD and some types of cancers. As measurement errors in self-reported whole-grain intake assessments can be substantial, dietary biomarkers are relevant to be used as complementary tools for dietary intake assessment. Alkylresorcinols (AR) are phenolic lipids found almost exclusively in whole-grain wheat and rye products among the commonly consumed foods and are considered as valid biomarkers of the intake of these products. In the present study, we analysed the plasma concentrations of five AR homologues in 2845 participants from ten European countries from a nested case-control study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. High concentrations of plasma total AR were found in participants from Scandinavia and Central Europe and lower concentrations in those from the Mediterranean countries. The geometric mean plasma total AR concentrations were between 35 and 41 nmol/l in samples drawn from fasting participants in the Central European and Scandinavian countries and below 23 nmol/l in those of participants from the Mediterranean countries. The whole-grain source (wheat or rye) could be determined using the ratio of two of the homologues. The main source was wheat in Greece, Italy, the Netherlands and the UK, whereas rye was also consumed in considerable amounts in Germany, Denmark and Sweden. The present study demonstrates a considerable variation in the plasma concentrations of total AR and concentrations of AR homologues across ten European countries, reflecting both quantitative and qualitative differences in the intake of whole-grain wheat and rye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Kyrø
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | | | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Steffen Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Åman
- Department of Food Science, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Max Leenders
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent K Dik
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter D Siersema
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jane Christensen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Guy Fagherazzi
- INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Vanessa Cottet
- INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Giovanna Masala
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civile - M.P. Arezzo" Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC/HPA Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Toril Bakken
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Lene Angell Asli
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Paula Jakszyn
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Amiano
- Public Health Division of Guipuzkoa, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | | | - Ingrid Ljuslinder
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard Palmqvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Wareham
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nadia Slimani
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Neil Murphy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Food Science, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Stasiuk M, Janiszewska A, Kozubek A. Phenolic lipids affect the activity and conformation of acetylcholinesterase from Electrophorus electricus (Electric eel). Nutrients 2014; 6:1823-31. [PMID: 24787269 PMCID: PMC4042574 DOI: 10.3390/nu6051823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic lipids were isolated from rye grains, cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) from Anacardium occidentale, and fruit bodies of Merrulius tremellosus, and their effects on the electric eel acetylcholinesterase activity and conformation were studied. The observed effect distinctly depended on the chemical structure of the phenolic lipids that were available for interaction with the enzyme. All of the tested compounds reduced the activity of acetylcholinesterase. The degree of inhibition varied, showing a correlation with changes in the conformation of the enzyme tested by the intrinsic fluorescence of the Trp residues of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stasiuk
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
| | - Alicja Janiszewska
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Kozubek
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
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Landberg R, Marklund M, Kamal-Eldin A, Åman P. An update on alkylresorcinols – Occurrence, bioavailability, bioactivity and utility as biomarkers. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Landberg R, Aman P, Hallmans G, Johansson I. Long-term reproducibility of plasma alkylresorcinols as biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake within Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study Cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:259-63. [PMID: 23388668 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Alkylresorcinols (AR) have been suggested as specific biomarkers of whole-grain (WG) and bran intake from wheat and rye. Before using plasma AR as biomarkers in prospective cohort studies, the long-term reproducibility needs to be determined in order to judge how well a single plasma sample reflects the long-term concentration. The objective was therefore to estimate the reproducibility of plasma AR concentrations over 0.1-3.9 years. SUBJECTS/METHODS The concentrations of AR homologues were analysed in plasma samples, drawn>8 h since last meal, 0.1-3.9 years apart (mean ≈ 2 years) in 74 participants in the Swedish prospective Västerbotten Intervention Project cohort. Reproducibility was estimated by calculating the intra class correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS Fasting plasma AR concentrations were similar between the first and second measurements. The ICC for total AR was 0.54 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.38-0.69] overall, 0.34 (95% CI=0.13-0.64) for men and 0.73 (95% CI=0.56-0.85) for women, respectively. Somewhat higher ICCs were obtained for shorter AR homologues. CONCLUSION In summary, the reproducibility of plasma AR over 0.1-3.9 years was high for women and moderate for men within this population. Together with previous data showing high validity of plasma AR as biomarkers of wheat and rye in different populations, the current finding suggest that this biomarker is stable over a long-time period and is therefore probably useful for assessment of long-term WG intake in populations with a wide intake range and a frequent intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Landberg
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.
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Montonen J, Landberg R, Kamal-Eldin A, Åman P, Boeing H, Steffen A, Pischon T. Reliability of fasting plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites concentrations measured 4 months apart. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012; 66:968-70. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Landberg R, Townsend MK, Neelakantan N, Sun Q, Sampson L, Spiegelman D, van Dam RM. Alkylresorcinol metabolite concentrations in spot urine samples correlated with whole grain and cereal fiber intake but showed low to modest reproducibility over one to three years in U.S. women. J Nutr 2012; 142:872-7. [PMID: 22437553 PMCID: PMC3327746 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.156398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two alkylresorcinol (AR) metabolites, 3, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid (DHPPA), in urine have been suggested as biomarkers of whole grain (WG) and cereal fiber intake but the long-term reproducibility and correlation with habitual intake has not been determined. Therefore, we evaluated the long-term reproducibility of AR metabolites in spot urine samples and investigated their correlation with habitual WG and cereal fiber intake in U.S. women. AR metabolites were analyzed in 104 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study II and WG and fiber intakes were assessed using a FFQ. Long-term reproducibility was assessed by calculating the intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) using samples taken 1-3 y (mean 1.8 y) apart. The observed Spearman correlation coefficients (r(s)) and r(s) adjusted for within-participant variation in the biomarker were calculated between WG and fiber intake and biomarkers. The long-term reproducibility was poor for DHBA [ICC = 0.17 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.43)] and modest for DHPPA [ICC = 0.31 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.51)]. The correlation between WG intake in 1995 and DHPPA measured 2 y later was 0.37 (P < 0.0001); the adjusted correlation was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.37, 0.76). Cereal fiber and WG intake were similarly correlated to the biomarkers. DHPPA in spot urine samples reflected WG intake despite relatively low intake of food sources of AR. The poor to modest reproducibility may limit the use of single measurements of these biomarkers in cohort studies in the US, where WG intake is relatively low and has changed over time. But DHPPA in repeated samples may be useful for validating WG intake and assessing compliance in WG intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Landberg
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mary K. Townsend
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston; MA
| | - Nithya Neelakantan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Sun
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston; MA,Department of Nutrition, and
| | | | - Donna Spiegelman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA; and
| | - Rob M. van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Department of Nutrition, and,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Ross AB. Present status and perspectives on the use of alkylresorcinols as biomarkers of wholegrain wheat and rye intake. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:462967. [PMID: 22363838 PMCID: PMC3270436 DOI: 10.1155/2012/462967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (ARs) were first proposed as potential biomarkers of wholegrain wheat and rye intake a decade ago. Since then there has been a considerable body of research which suggests that ARs do meet most criteria of a biomarker of these foods. Results from human studies on plasma AR and their plasma and urinary metabolites strongly indicate that these compounds are responsive to whole grain wheat and rye intake and are correlated with various measures of AR consumption. This review briefly summarises work on the bioactivities of AR and focuses on aspects related to their use as biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye intake. Evidence suggests that they thus far broadly fulfil the criteria to act as biomarkers of these cereals. However, there are still gaps in the knowledge on factors relating to the wide interindividual variation, and application to different epidemiological cohorts. Overall, ARs are highly promising biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye intake and add to our increasing understanding of whole grains and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair B. Ross
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Nestlé Research Center, Vers Chez Les Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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Ross AB, Bourgeois A, Macharia HN, Kochhar S, Jebb SA, Brownlee IA, Seal CJ. Plasma alkylresorcinols as a biomarker of whole-grain food consumption in a large population: results from the WHOLEheart Intervention Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:204-11. [PMID: 22170369 PMCID: PMC3592483 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.008508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small-scale, short-term intervention studies have suggested that plasma alkylresorcinol (AR) concentrations may be biomarkers of whole grain (WG) wheat and rye intakes. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine whether plasma AR concentrations reflect self-reported WG food intake in a 16-wk WG intervention study and to establish which phenotypic characteristics influence plasma AR concentrations. DESIGN In a randomized parallel-group dietary intervention study, 316 overweight and obese participants with a WG intake of <30 g/d were recruited and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: control (no dietary change), intervention 1 (60 g WG/d for 16 wk), or intervention 2 (60 g WG/d for 8 wk followed by 120 g WG/d for 8 wk). Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline, 8 wk, and 16 wk for the measurement of plasma lipids and ARs. RESULTS Plasma samples from 266 study completers were analyzed. Total plasma AR concentrations increased with the WG intervention and could be used to distinguish between control subjects and those who consumed 60 or 120 g WG, but not between those who consumed 60 and 120 g WG. Plasma AR concentrations were higher in men, were positively associated with plasma triglyceride concentrations, and were negatively associated with nonesterified fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS Plasma AR concentrations were correlated with WG intake and could be used to distinguish between low- and high-WG consumers. Sex and plasma lipid concentrations independently influenced plasma AR concentrations, although plasma triglycerides may explain higher concentrations in men. This trial is registered as ISRCT no. 83078872.
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Puiggròs F, Solà R, Bladé C, Salvadó MJ, Arola L. Nutritional biomarkers and foodomic methodologies for qualitative and quantitative analysis of bioactive ingredients in dietary intervention studies. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7399-414. [PMID: 21917262 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Traditional dietary assessment methods, such as 24-h recalls, weighted food diaries and food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are highly subjective and impair the assessment of successfully accomplished dietary interventions. Foodomic technologies offer promising methodologies for gathering scientific evidence from clinical trials with sensitive methods (e.g., GC-MS, LC-MS, CE, NMR) to detect and quantify markers of nutrient exposure or subtle changes in dietary patterns. This review provides a summary of recently developed foodomic methodologies for the detection of suggested biomarkers, including the food specificity for each suggested biomarker and a brief description of the key aspects of 24-h recalls that may affect marker detection and stability, such as mixed nutrients and cooking processes. The primary aim of this review is to contribute to the assessment of the metabolic effects of active ingredients and foods using cutting-edge methods to improve approaches to future nutritional programs tailored for health maintenance and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Puiggròs
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS), TECNIO, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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Abstract
Wholegrain cereals are reported to promote beneficial health effects. Wholegrain wheat and rye are almost exclusive sources of alkylresorcinols, and intact alkylresorcinols together with their plasma and urinary metabolites, 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid (DHPPA) and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), have been proposed as biomarkers of the intake of these foods in humans. The pharmacokinetics of alkylresorcinols and their metabolites in plasma have been determined but not that of the urinary metabolites. We aimed to characterise the urinary pharmacokinetics of alkylresorcinol metabolites in humans to evaluate their potential as biomarkers of wholegrain wheat and rye. A group of fifteen volunteers followed a low-alkylresorcinol diet for 2 d before ingesting a single dose of rye bread, containing 100 mg alkylresorcinols. Urine was collected between baseline (0 h) and 25 h after administration. Thereafter alkylresorcinol metabolites were quantified by HPLC with coulometric electrode array detection. Maximum excretion rates were observed at 5-6 h for both metabolites, DHPPA being predominant over DHBA and also possessing a greater area under the curve0-25 h. Total urinary recovery between 0 and 25 h yielded 43 % of ingested alkylresorcinols, and at 25 h significant amounts of metabolites were still retained in the body, suggesting that even a spot urine sample may be sufficient to indicate whether or not wholegrain wheat or rye is a daily dietary component. These results support the use of urinary DHPPA and DHBA as biomarkers of wholegrain wheat and rye and enable new potential for studying the association between wholegrain intake and diseases, even in the absence of dietary data.
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Dual effect of free and liposomal forms of phenolic lipids on the activity of GPI-anchor-deprived acetylcholinesterase from erythrocytes. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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33
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Lankinen M, Schwab U, Seppänen-Laakso T, Mattila I, Juntunen K, Mykkänen H, Poutanen K, Gylling H, Oresic M. Metabolomic analysis of plasma metabolites that may mediate effects of rye bread on satiety and weight maintenance in postmenopausal women. J Nutr 2011; 141:31-6. [PMID: 21084654 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.131656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The evidence of the beneficial health effects of dietary fiber and whole grain consumption is strong, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we investigate how the consumption of high-fiber rye bread (RB) or white-wheat bread (WB) modifies the plasma metabolomic profiles in postmenopausal women. The study was a randomized crossover trial consisting of 8-wk intervention periods and an 8-wk washout period. The study included 39 postmenopausal women with elevated serum total cholesterol (5.0-8.5 mmol/L) and BMI 20-33 kg/m(2). During the intervention periods, the study breads contributed to least 20% of total energy intake. Two analytical platforms for metabolomics were applied. Lipidomic analysis was performed using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization MS and the other metabolites, including sterols, organic acids, and alcohols, were analyzed by 2-dimensional GC coupled to time-of-flight MS. Altogether, 540 metabolites were profiled. Ribitol (P < 0.001), ribonic acid (P < 0.001), and indoleacetic acid (P < 0.001) increased during the RB consumption period. Ribonic acid correlated positively with tryptophan (r = 0.40; P = 0.003), which is a precursor for the biosynthesis of hunger-depressing serotonin. There were no changes in plasma lipidomic profiles during the RB or WB intervention periods. The results suggest that 8-wk consumption of high-fiber rye bread increases metabolites that might mediate positive effects of rye bread on satiety and weight maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lankinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Aubertin-Leheudre M, Koskela A, Samaletdin A, Adlercreutz H. Plasma and urinary alkylresorcinol metabolites as potential biomarkers of breast cancer risk in Finnish women: a pilot study. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:759-64. [PMID: 20661824 DOI: 10.1080/01635581003693058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are shown to be good biomarkers of consumption of rye and whole-grain wheat products in man. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate AR metabolites as potential biomarkers of breast cancer (BC) risk in Finnish women since intake of cereal fiber and its components has been proposed to reduce this risk through an effect on the enterohepatic circulation of estrogens. This was a cross-sectional and observational pilot study. A total of 20 omnivores, 20 vegetarians, and 16 BC women (6-12 mo after operation) were investigated on 2 occasions 6 mo apart. Dietary intake (5-days record), plasma/urinary AR metabolites [3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid (DHPPA)] and plasma/urinary enterolactone were measured. The groups were compared using nonparametric tests. We observed that plasma DHBA (P = 0.007; P = 0.03), plasma DHPPA (P = 0.02; P = 0.01), urinary DHBA (P = 0.001; P = 0.003), urinary DHPPA (P = 0.001; P = 0.001), and cereal fiber intake (P = 0.007; P = 0.003) were significantly lower in the BC group compared to the vegetarian and omnivore groups, respectively. Based on measurements of AR metabolites in urine and in plasma, whole-grain rye and wheat cereal fiber intake is low in BC subjects. Thus, urinary and plasma AR metabolites may be used as potential biomarkers of BC risk in women. This novel approach will likely also facilitate studies of associations between rye and whole-grain wheat cereal fiber intake and other diseases. Our findings should, however, be confirmed with larger subject populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, Finland.
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35
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Determinants of plasma alkylresorcinol concentration in Danish post-menopausal women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 65:94-101. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Montonen J, Landberg R, Kamal-Eldin A, Åman P, Knueppel S, Boeing H, Pischon T. Reliability of fasting plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations measured 4 months apart. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:698-703. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Responsiveness of urinary and plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites to rye intake in finnish women. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 2:513-22. [PMID: 24281080 PMCID: PMC3835089 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2020513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols [ARs] have been proposed for use as biomarkers of whole-grain intake. The aim here was to examine the responsiveness of AR metabolites to rye intake. Sixty women were divided into three groups according to their rye consumption. We observed significant differences between groups in plasma 3-[3,5-dihydroxyphenyl]-1-propanoic acid [DHPPA] and in urinary DHPPA and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid [DHBA]. In addition, these AR metabolites increased proportionally to rye fiber intake. We conclude that these ARs metabolites are accurate and useful biomarkers of rye fiber intake. Further studies are needed to confirm our results in larger and different populations.
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Abstract
A high intake of whole-grain foods may protect against endometrial cancer, but the existing literature is both limited and inconsistent. A significant reason for the inconsistent evidence could be methodological problems regarding accurate assessment of whole-grain intake. Alkylresorcinol (AR) has been suggested as a reliable biomarker of whole-grain wheat and rye intake. Our aim was to overcome the methodological problems in previous questionnaire-based studies, by using AR as exposure measurement when studying the incidence of endometrial cancer. ARs were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in stored plasma samples from 177 endometrial cancer cases and a subcohort of 152 women, all originating from the same prospective cohort study. Incidence of endometrial cancer according to plasma levels of AR was estimated in a Cox regression model. No associations between plasma levels of AR and endometrial cancer were observed. Body mass index or use of hormone replacement therapy of the participants did not modify the association. This is the first study to associate the whole-grain wheat and rye biomarker AR to a cancer endpoint. No association was found, but more studies are warranted to further explore AR as a marker of whole-grain exposure in relation to cancer and other disease endpoints.
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Ross AB, Redeuil K, Vigo M, Rezzi S, Nagy K. Quantification of alkylresorcinols in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:554-560. [PMID: 20112264 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (AR) are of interest as biomarkers of wholegrain wheat and rye intake in epidemiological studies and are currently mainly measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after labour-intensive sample preparation including liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction (SPE) and chemical derivatization. This manuscript describes and validates an alternative approach based on normal-phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of alkylresorcinols in human plasma. The method requires neither SPE nor chemical derivatization and has a shortened run time compared to GC/MS. Normal- and reversed-phase columns and various mobile phases were evaluated with and without previous SPE of the samples. Normal-phase chromatography allowed separation of AR from the interfering triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols and sterols and enabled detection of AR even without SPE of the samples. The described method has instrumental lower limits of detection in the 25-75 pg range, and lower limits of quantification in the 75-250 pg range. Pooled human plasma and (2)H(4)-nonadecylresorcinol (internal standard) was applied to calibrate the method in the 20-12 000 nM range. The overall method showed intra-batch precision of 8.6% and an averaged accuracy of 100.2%. Applications for diverse human plasma samples are presented and are compared with the results determined by GC/MS. Based on the presented data; this method requiring less sample preparation is suggested for further evaluation as an alternative to GC/MS for analysis of biomarkers of wholegrain wheat and rye intake in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair B Ross
- Metabonomics & Biomarkers Group, BioAnalytical Science Department, Nestlé Research Centre, Nestec Ltd., Lausanne, Switzerland
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Intake of fiber and nuts during adolescence and incidence of proliferative benign breast disease. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 21:1033-46. [PMID: 20229245 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-010-9532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the association between adolescent fiber intake and proliferative BBD, a marker of increased breast cancer risk, in the Nurses' Health Study II. METHODS Among 29,480 women who completed a high school diet questionnaire in 1998, 682 proliferative BBD cases were identified and confirmed by centralized pathology review between 1991 and 2001. Multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Women in the highest quintile of adolescent fiber intake had a 25% lower risk of proliferative BBD (multivariate HR (95% CI): 0.75 (0.59, 0.96), p-trend = 0.01) than women in the lowest quintile. High school intake of nuts was also related to significantly reduced BBD risk. Women consuming >or=2 servings of nuts/week had a 36% lower risk (multivariate HR (95% CI): 0.64 (0.48, 0.85), p-trend < 0.01) than women consuming <1 serving/month. Results were essentially the same when the analysis was restricted to prospective cases (n = 142) diagnosed after return of the high school diet questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the hypothesis that dietary intake of fiber and nuts during adolescence influences subsequent risk of breast disease and may suggest a viable means for breast cancer prevention.
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Stasiuk M, Kozubek A. Biological activity of phenolic lipids. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:841-60. [PMID: 20213924 PMCID: PMC11115636 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic lipids are a very diversified group of compounds derived from mono and dihydroxyphenols, i.e., phenol, catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone. Due to their strong amphiphilic character, these compounds can incorporate into erythrocytes and liposomal membranes. In this review, the antioxidant, antigenotoxic, and cytostatic activities of resorcinolic and other phenolic lipids are described. The ability of these compounds to inhibit bacterial, fungal, protozoan and parasite growth seems to depend on their interaction with proteins and/or on their membrane-disturbing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stasiuk
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, University of Wroclaw, Poland.
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Söderholm PP, Koskela AH, Lundin JE, Tikkanen MJ, Adlercreutz HC. Plasma pharmacokinetics of alkylresorcinol metabolites: new candidate biomarkers for whole-grain rye and wheat intake. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90:1167-71. [PMID: 19759167 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkylresorcinols are phenolic compounds that are present almost exclusively in rye and wheat fiber. Alkylresorcinols are absorbed and thereafter metabolized to 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid (DHPPA), which have been detected in human urine and plasma. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics of DHBA and DHPPA in human subjects to estimate whether they show potential as biomarkers for whole-grain rye and/or wheat intake. DESIGN Fifteen human volunteers followed a low-alkylresorcinol diet for 2 d before ingesting a single dose of high-fiber rye bread containing 100 mg alkylresorcinols [corrected]. Plasma samples were collected for 25 h, and the alkylresorcinol metabolites were quantified by HPLC with coulometric electrode array detection. RESULTS Maximum concentrations were reached at approximately 6 h for both metabolites, although interindividual variation was found. The half-life was significantly (P < 0.0002) longer for DHPPA (16.3 h) than for DHBA (10.1 h). No significant differences were discovered between women and men in the half-life of each metabolite, which, from a pharmacokinetic point of view, is the most important parameter. The area under the curve differed significantly between DHBA and DHPPA (P < 0.0001) and between women and men (P = 0.03 for DHBA and P = 0.01 for DHPPA). However, when corrected for body weight, the difference between sexes was no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that DHBA and DHPPA are both good candidate biomarkers for whole-grain rye and/or wheat intake; however, DHPPA is the better indicator because of its longer half-life. This could provide a practical tool when investigating the association between diet and diseases.
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Plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites as potential biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye cereal fibre intakes in women. Br J Nutr 2009; 103:339-43. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114509992315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that intact plasma alkylresorcinols (AR) and urinary AR metabolites could be used as biomarkers of whole-grain intake. Thereafter, we developed the method for the plasma AR metabolites, which is more convenient and requires less sample pretreatment than the analysis of intact plasma AR. The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether AR metabolites measured in plasma, in the same population, could also be considered as useful biomarkers of cereal fibre. Fifty-six women were recruited in a cross-sectional and observational study. Dietary intake (5-d record) and plasma AR metabolites (3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, DHBA; 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid, DHPPA) were measured. The relationship between plasma AR metabolites and cereal fibre intake was examined using partial correlation and stepwise regression. Cereal fibre intake correlated significantly with plasma DHBA (r 0·411; P = 0·002) and DHPPA (r 0·463; P = 0·000) even after adjustment for BMI and age. Thus, plasma AR metabolites correlate with cereal fibre intake as noted with plasma intact AR and urinary AR metabolites. We observed that plasma DHPPA was the independent predictor of cereal fibre intake, explaining 18 % of the variance (adjusted r2 0·176; P = 0·002). In epidemiological screening, it might be easier to obtain and to collect plasma than urine samples. In addition, the plasma AR metabolites half-life seems longer than those of intact plasma AR, and their measurements are more convenient, and faster. Thus, sum of plasma AR metabolites and more specifically plasma DHPPA seems to be good and specific biomarkers of cereal fibre intake.
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Wanted: specific nutritional biomarkers for food consumption for the study of its protective role in health. Br J Nutr 2009; 103:307-8. [PMID: 19849870 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114509992327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wild rice (Zizania latifolia(Griseb) Turcz) improves the serum lipid profile and antioxidant status of rats fed with a high fat/cholesterol diet. Br J Nutr 2009; 102:1723-7. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114509991036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The diet consumed by urban residents in modern China has become rich in saturated fats and cholesterol. In addition, the diet is high in carbohydrates from white rice and processed wheat starch. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of replacing white rice and processed wheat starch with wild rice (WR) as the chief source of dietary carbohydrates. Rats fed with the diet patterned after the diet consumed by city residents of modern China showed elevated serum lipid levels comparable with rats consuming a high fat/cholesterol diet known to induce hyperlipidaemia in this species. Meanwhile, rats consuming the city diet with WR as the carbohydrate source suppressed the increase in serum TAG and total cholesterol, and the decrease in HDL cholesterol level. In addition, the rats fed the WR diet suppressed the build-up of oxidative stress by improving antioxidant capacity, increasing superoxide dismutase activity and reducing malondialdehyde concentration, both in the serum and liver. These findings illustrate that WR is effective in suppressing hyperlipidaemia and oxidative stress in rats even when the diet consumed is high in fat and cholesterol.
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Siwko ME, de Vries AH, Mark AE, Kozubek A, Marrink SJ. Disturb or stabilize? A molecular dynamics study of the effects of resorcinolic lipids on phospholipid bilayers. Biophys J 2009; 96:3140-53. [PMID: 19383459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resorcinolic lipids, or resorcinols, are commonly found in plant membranes. They consist of a substituted benzene ring forming the hydrophilic lipid head, attached to an alkyl chain forming the hydrophobic tail. Experimental results show alternative effects of resorcinols on lipid membranes. Depending on whether they are added to lipid solutions before or after the formation of the liposomes, they either stabilize or destabilize these liposomes. Here we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the molecular nature of this dual effect. Systems composed of either one of three resorcinol homologs, differing in the alkyl tail length, interacting with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine lipid bilayers were studied. It is shown that resorcinols preincorporated into bilayers induce order within the lipid acyl chains, decrease the hydration of the lipid headgroups, and make the bilayers less permeable to water. In contrast, simulations in which the resorcinols are incorporated from the aqueous solution into a preformed phospholipid bilayer induce local disruption, leading to either transient pore formation or even complete rupture of the membrane. In line with the experimental data, our simulations thus demonstrate that resorcinols can either disturb or stabilize the membrane structure, and offer a detailed view of the underlying molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena E Siwko
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Ross AB, Kochhar S. Rapid and sensitive analysis of alkylresorcinols from cereal grains and products using HPLC-Coularray-based electrochemical detection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:5187-5193. [PMID: 19453171 DOI: 10.1021/jf900239t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (AR) present in the bran fraction of wheat, rye, and barley grains are of current interest as biomarkers of wholegrain cereal intake. This paper reports the development of a rapid quantitative HPLC method allowing sensitive analysis of AR in cereals in 14 min using coularray (CA) detection. The LOD was 1 ng injected and the LOQ 2.5 ng injected, whereas the intrarun and inter-run CVs were 0.8 and 6.4%, respectively. Analytical recovery determined by spiking ranged from 98 to 107% for AR homologues C15:0-C25:0. The method was used to analyze 79 flour and cereal products, with results in the same range as previous studies using GC analysis. Analysis of wholegrain white wheat were in the same range as other wheat varieties (420-556 microg/g). Use of the CA detector allowed detection of low concentrations of AR in white wheat flour (13-51 microg/g) that had not been reliably detected using previous methods. This method allows rapid throughput analysis of cereal samples, required for validation studies on the use of AR as biomarkers of wholegrain cereal intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair B Ross
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Nestle Research Centre, Lausanne 26, Swizterland.
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Landberg R, Kamal-Eldin A, Andersson SO, Johansson JE, Zhang JX, Hallmans G, Aman P. Reproducibility of plasma alkylresorcinols during a 6-week rye intervention study in men with prostate cancer. J Nutr 2009; 139:975-80. [PMID: 19321581 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.099952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (AR), phenolic lipids exclusively present in the outer parts of wheat and rye grains, have been proposed as concentration biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake. A key feature of a good biomarker is high reproducibility, which indicates how accurately a single sample reflects the true mean biomarker concentration caused by a certain intake. In this study, the short- to medium-term reproducibility of plasma AR was determined using samples from a crossover intervention study, where men with prostate cancer (n = 17) were fed rye whole-grain/bran or refined wheat products for 6-wk periods. AR homologs C17:0 and C21:0 differed between the treatments (P < 0.001). The reproducibility determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was high (intervention period 1: ICC = 0.90 [95% CI = 0.82-0.98], intervention period 2: ICC = 0.88 [95% CI = 0.78-0.98]). The results show that a single fasting plasma sample could be used to estimate the mean plasma AR concentration during a 6-wk intervention period with constant intake at a precision of +/- 20% (80% CI). This suggests that the plasma AR concentration can be used as a reliable short- to medium-term biomarker for whole-grain wheat and rye under intervention conditions where intake is kept constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Landberg
- Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agriculture Science, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
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