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Shateri Z, Kooshki A, Hormoznejad R, Hosseini SA, Mousavi R, Foroumandi E. Effects of chocolate on cognitive function in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis on clinical trials. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3688-3697. [PMID: 37211619 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive function is defined as performance in objective tasks that need conscious mind effort. It has been shown that consuming foods rich in flavanols causes neurobiological effects and improves learning, memory, and global cognitive function. This study aimed to investigate the impact of chronic chocolate consumption on cognitive function in healthy adults based on published trials. The PICO strategy was applied to examine the research question in this study. Researchers searched the Web of Science, Science Direct, Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. Related articles of randomized controlled trials that evaluated the chronic effect of chocolate on cognitive function were selected (all published from their inception to February 2021). The difference in means of the last and first measurements was the main effect measure between the control and intervention groups. For quantitative data synthesis, weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were performed in the random effect model. Of the initial 340 articles identified, seven trials met the eligibility criteria. Chronic chocolate intake significantly reduced executive function time (WMD: -11.77, 95% CI: -22.49, -1.05, p = 0.03) of the participants. Further, the language and executive function (WMD: 6.38, 95% CI: 5.97, 6.80, p < 0.001) was raised by 6.38 times after the intervention with chocolate. We could not perform subgroup analysis due to insufficient trials and significant heterogeneity in some studies. It is concluded that daily consumption of cocoa may provide short and middle-term effects on young adults and make them better cognitive performance in learning, memory, and attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Shateri
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Akram Kooshki
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Razie Hormoznejad
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Mousavi
- 29 Bahman Hospital, Iranian Social Security Organization, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Foroumandi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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2
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Green tea polyphenols in cardiometabolic health: A critical appraisal on phytogenomics towards personalized green tea. PHARMANUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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3
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Nattagh‐Eshtivani E, Pahlavani N, Ranjbar G, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Salehi‐Sahlabadi A, Mahmudiono T, Nader Shalaby M, Jokar M, Nematy M, Barghchi H, Havakhah S, Maddahi M, Rashidmayvan M, Khosravi M. Does propolis have any effect on rheumatoid arthritis? A review study. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1003-1020. [PMID: 35432965 PMCID: PMC9007309 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in its pathophysiology. Complementary therapies along with medications may be effective in the control of RA. Propolis is a natural substance extracted from beehives, which have confirmed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The present study aimed to review the possible effects of propolis on inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid profile in patients with RA. English articles in online databases such as PubMed‑Medline, AMED, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched. Pieces of evidence show that supplementation with propolis may have therapeutic effects on RA patients. Due to increased inflammation and oxidative stress in the affected joints of RA patients, propolis could inhibit the inflammatory cascades by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B pathway and reducing reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and interleukin-17 by increasing some antioxidants. Therefore, inflammation and pain reduce, helping improve and control RA in patients. Further investigations are required with larger sample sizes and different doses of propolis to demonstrate the definite effects of propolis on various aspects of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyas Nattagh‐Eshtivani
- Student Research CommitteeMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of NutritionSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Health Sciences Research CenterTorbat Heydariyeh University of Medical SciencesTorbat HeydariyehIran
- Children Growth and Development Research CenterResearch Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable DiseaseQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
| | - Golnaz Ranjbar
- Department of NutritionSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | | - Ammar Salehi‐Sahlabadi
- Student Research CommitteeDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and DieteticsSchool of Nutrition and Food TechnologyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Departmentof NutritionFaculty of Public HealthUniversitas AirlanggaAirlanggaIndonesia
| | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health DepartmentFaculty of Physical EducationSuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt
| | - Mohammadhassan Jokar
- Rheumatic Diseases Research CenterSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Metabolic Syndrome Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Hanieh Barghchi
- Student Research CommitteeMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of NutritionSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Shahrzad Havakhah
- Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research CenterNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| | - Mona Maddahi
- Student Research CommitteeMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | | - Maryam Khosravi
- Department of NutritionSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Nattagh‐Eshtivani E, Pahlavani N, Ranjbar G, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Salehi‐Sahlabadi A, Mahmudiono T, Nader Shalaby M, Jokar M, Nematy M, Barghchi H, Havakhah S, Maddahi M, Rashidmayvan M, Khosravi M. Does propolis have any effect on rheumatoid arthritis? A review study. Food Sci Nutr 2022. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elyas Nattagh‐Eshtivani
- Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Nutrition School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Health Sciences Research Center Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences Torbat Heydariyeh Iran
- Children Growth and Development Research Center Research Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable Disease Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran
| | - Golnaz Ranjbar
- Department of Nutrition School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Ammar Salehi‐Sahlabadi
- Student Research Committee Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics School of Nutrition and Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Departmentof Nutrition Faculty of Public Health Universitas Airlangga Airlangga Indonesia
| | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department Faculty of Physical Education Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt
| | - Mohammadhassan Jokar
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Hanieh Barghchi
- Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Nutrition School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Shahrzad Havakhah
- Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Bojnurd Iran
| | - Mona Maddahi
- Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Maryam Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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Nattagh‐Eshtivani E, Pahlavani N, Ranjbar G, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Salehi‐Sahlabadi A, Mahmudiono T, Nader Shalaby M, Jokar M, Nematy M, Barghchi H, Havakhah S, Maddahi M, Rashidmayvan M, Khosravi M. Does propolis have any effect on rheumatoid arthritis? A review study. Food Sci Nutr 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elyas Nattagh‐Eshtivani
- Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Nutrition School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Health Sciences Research Center Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences Torbat Heydariyeh Iran
- Children Growth and Development Research Center Research Institute for Prevention of Non‐Communicable Disease Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran
| | - Golnaz Ranjbar
- Department of Nutrition School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Ammar Salehi‐Sahlabadi
- Student Research Committee Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics School of Nutrition and Food Technology Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Trias Mahmudiono
- Departmentof Nutrition Faculty of Public Health Universitas Airlangga Airlangga Indonesia
| | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department Faculty of Physical Education Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt
| | - Mohammadhassan Jokar
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Hanieh Barghchi
- Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Nutrition School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Shahrzad Havakhah
- Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Bojnurd Iran
| | - Mona Maddahi
- Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Maryam Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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Grassi D, Necozione S, Desideri G, Abballe S, Mai F, De Feo M, Carducci A, Ferri C. Acute and Long Term Effects of a Nutraceutical Combination on Lipid Profile, Glucose Metabolism and Vascular Function in Patients with Dyslipidaemia with and Without Cigarette Smoking. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2021; 28:483-491. [PMID: 34519016 PMCID: PMC8484132 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-021-00468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lifestyle changes present a fundamental role in cardiovascular prevention. Nutraceuticals also supplementing diet could help in controlling the cardiometabolic risk. Aim (1) to evaluate acute effects of a combination of nutraceuticals (cNUT) on vascular function, BP, metabolism in dyslipidaemic patients before and after smoking; (2) to evaluate 12 weeks effects of the cNUT on lipid profile, insulin resistance and vascular function in patients with hypercholesterolemia not on statins. Methods After 14 d run-in period, 33 patients assumed a cNUT [patented formula containing: berberine (531.25 mg), red yeast rice powder (220 mg, 3.3 mg monacolin K) and leaf extract of Morus alba (200 mg) (LopiGLIK®, Akademy Pharma)]. To evaluate acute effects, cNUT or cNUT + smoking (in smoking subjects) on the morning of the first day of the study and then 26 patients prolonged 12 weeks effects. Results In non smokers, cNUT improved FMD (p = 0.041 for treatment). In smokers, FMD decreased after smoking, this was counteracted by intake of cNUT. In smokers, DBP increased after smoking a cigarette (p = 0.042 for treatment), counteracted by the cNUT intake. In non smokers, thermogenesis was increased after cNUT administration (p < 0.0001 for treatment). After 12 weeks of cNUT, FMD significantly increased (p < 0.05) and SBP (p = 0.04), total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.03) decreased. Conclusions Our study suggests benefits of cNUT on cardiovascular prevention in hypercolesterolemic patients, non statin treated, that goes beyond the cholesterol and insulin resistance reduction protecting the subject from negative effects induced by smoking too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Grassi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Coppito, Italy.
| | - Stefano Necozione
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Coppito, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Desideri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Coppito, Italy
| | - Stefano Abballe
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Coppito, Italy
| | - Francesca Mai
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Coppito, Italy
| | - Martina De Feo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Coppito, Italy
| | - Augusto Carducci
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Coppito, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Coppito, Italy
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Salehi-Sahlabadi A, Chhabra M, Rahmani J, Momeni A, Karam G, Nattagh-Eshtivani E, Nouri M, Clark C, Salehi P, Hekmatdoost A. The effect of propolis on anthropometric indices and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1835-1843. [PMID: 33520864 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00604-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background & objectives The current evidence base regarding the impact of propolis consumption on lipid profile in humans is equivocal. Thus, we sought to investigate the impact of propolis consumption on anthropometric indices and lipid profile in this meta-analysis. Methods Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science electronic databases were searched up to December 2019. A random-effects model used to pool effect size. The leave-one-out method used to conduct sensitivity analysis. Results Five RCTs were included in this study. Our findings indicated a significant decrease in triglyceride (TG) (WMD: -3.91 mg/dl, 95% CI: -4.22, -3.60), and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (WMD: 3.41 mg/dl, 95% CI: 0.05, 6.76), however, for body mass index, weight, cholesterol (CL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), no significant alterations were evident. Conclusion This study revealed that consumption of propolis is associated with a reduction in TG levels, in addition to an increase in HDL levels. Nevertheless, additional research is required to further delineate the relationship between propolis consumption and lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Salehi-Sahlabadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manik Chhabra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab India
| | - Jamal Rahmani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Momeni
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Humanity Faculty, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Giorgio Karam
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Students' Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Cain Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Pantea Salehi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang H, Lu M, Jiang H, Wang X, Yang FQ. Evaluation inhibitory activity of catechins on trypsin by capillary electrophoresis-based immobilized enzyme microreactor with chromogenic substrate. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3136-3145. [PMID: 32515904 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a capillary electrophoresis-based online immobilized enzyme microreactor was developed for evaluating the inhibitory activity of green tea catechins and tea polyphenol extracts on trypsin. The immobilized trypsin activity and other kinetic parameters were evaluated by measuring the peak area of the hydrolyzate of chromogenic substrate S-2765. The results indicated that the activity of the immobilized trypsin remained approximately 90.0% of the initial immobilized enzyme activity after 30 runs. The value of Michaelis-Menten constant (Km ) was (0.47 ± 0.08) mM, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) and inhibition constant (Ki ) of benzamidine were measured as 3.34 and 3.00 mM, respectively. Then, the inhibitory activity of four main catechins (epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate) and three tea polyphenol extracts (green tea, white tea, and black tea) on trypsin were investigated. The results showed that four catechins and three tea polyphenol extracts had potential trypsin inhibitory activity. In addition, molecular docking results illustrated that epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin were all located not only in the catalytic cavity, but also in the substrate-binding pocket of trypsin. These results indicated that the developed method is an effective tool for evaluating inhibitory activity of catechins on trypsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Min Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Hui Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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9
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Alidadi M, Jamialahmadi T, Cicero AF, Bianconi V, Pirro M, Banach M, Sahebkar A. The potential role of plant-derived natural products in improving arterial stiffness: A review of dietary intervention studies. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Effect of dark chocolate on flow-mediated dilatation: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and dose–response analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 36:17-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Zheng RF, Du YW, Zeng C, Wang HF, Xing JG, Xu M. Total flavones of Dracocephalum moldavica L. protect astrocytes against H 2O 2-induced apoptosis through a mitochondria-dependent pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:78. [PMID: 32164676 PMCID: PMC7076740 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The active components of Dracocephalum moldavica L. (TFDM) can inhibit myocardial ischemia by inhibiting oxidative stress. However, the effects of TFDM on astrocytes have not been investigated in vitro. The current study aimed to explore whether TFDM protects astrocytes against H2O2-induced apoptosis through a mitochondria-dependent pathway. METHODS The human glioma cell line U87 was used to investigate the ability of TFDM to protect astrocytes against H2O2-induced apoptosis. The cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cell viability, apoptosis, MMP, Ca2+ influx and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured by ELISA. In addition, protein and mRNA expression changes were detected by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. RESULTS TFDM (0.78~200 μg/ml) had limited cytotoxic effects on the viability of U87 cells. Compared with the model group (treated with H2O2 only), cells treated with medium- and high-dose TFDM exhibited reduced MDA concentrations (P < 0.05) and ROS production (P < 0.05) and decreased MMP (P < 0.05) and reduced apoptosis (P < 0.05). The percentage of annexin V-FITC-stained cells was markedly suppressed by TFDM, confirming its anti-apoptotic properties. WB results showed that protein expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Caspase-12, and B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) was reduced in the TFDM group compared with that in the model group (P < 0.05) and that expression of these proteins was normalized by TFDM treatment in a dose-dependent manner. According to RT-qPCR results, TFDM pretreatment resulted in reduced mRNA expression of BAX, Caspase-9, Caspase-12, p38MAPK, and CaMKII and increased mRNA expression of mTOR compared with the model group. CONCLUSIONS The current study revealed the protective effects of TFDM on U87 cells under oxidative stress conditions through the inhibition of a mitochondria-dependent pathway that is associated with the CaMKII/P38MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Fang Zheng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Uighur Medicines, Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, 140 Xinhua South Road, Urumchi, 830004, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan-Wen Du
- Xinjiang Medical University, Urumchi, 830000, Xinjiang, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Uighur Medicines, Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, 140 Xinhua South Road, Urumchi, 830004, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Xinjiang Medical University, Urumchi, 830000, Xinjiang, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Uighur Medicines, Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, 140 Xinhua South Road, Urumchi, 830004, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hui-Fang Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong jia Lane, P.O. Box 076, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jian-Guo Xing
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Uighur Medicines, Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, 140 Xinhua South Road, Urumchi, 830004, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong jia Lane, P.O. Box 076, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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12
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Luo D, Chen X, Zhu X, Liu S, Li J, Xu J, Zhao J, Ji X. Pu-Erh Tea Relaxes the Thoracic Aorta of Rats by Reducing Intracellular Calcium. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1430. [PMID: 31849675 PMCID: PMC6892945 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that pu-erh tea aqueous extract could lower blood pressure and ameliorate hypertension symptoms. However, the antihypertension mechanisms of pu-erh tea remain unclear. In this work, the direct effects of pu-erh tea on vessels and cells were investigated by detecting isometric tension and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), respectively. Additionally, to identify the main active components, the aqueous extract of pu-erh was separated by organic solvents to obtain various fractions, and the effects of these fractions on arteries were assessed. The results showed that pu-erh aqueous extract vasodilated rat thoracic aortas preconstricted by phenylephrine or KCl. These vasodilation effects were not significantly affected by the removal of the endothelium or by preincubation with potassium channel blockers (tetraethylammonium, glibenclamide, aminopyridine, or barium chloride). Moreover, pu-erh aqueous extract could reduce the vessel contractibility induced by CaCl2 and phenylephrine under KCl-depolarizing or Ca2+-free buffer conditions, respectively. Furthermore, pu-erh aqueous extract attenuated the KCl-induced increase in [Ca2+]i in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle A7r5 cells. In addition, the chloroform precipitate of pu-erh aqueous extract produced the most potent vasodilation. Theabrownins (the characteristic components of pu-erh tea) accounted for 41.91 ± 1.09 % of the chloroform precipitate and vasodilated arteries in an endothelium-independent manner. In addition, the vasodilation effect of caffeine was verified. In conclusion, theabrownins and caffeine should be the two main active components in pu-erh tea. Pu-erh aqueous extract vasodilated arteries in an endothelium-independent manner, which might partly be attributed to the decrease in extracellular Ca2+ influx. Moreover, our study provided data on the potential mechanism of the hypotensive actions of pu-erh tea, which might improve our understanding of the effect of pu-erh tea on the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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13
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The Use of Nutraceuticals to Counteract Atherosclerosis: The Role of the Notch Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5470470. [PMID: 31915510 PMCID: PMC6935452 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5470470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the currently available pharmacotherapies, today, thirty percent of worldwide deaths are due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), whose primary cause is atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disorder characterized by the buildup of lipid deposits on the inside of arteries. Multiple cellular signaling pathways have been shown to be involved in the processes underlying atherosclerosis, and evidence has been accumulating for the crucial role of Notch receptors in regulating the functions of the diverse cell types involved in atherosclerosis onset and progression. Several classes of nutraceuticals have potential benefits for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and CVDs, some of which could in part be due to their ability to modulate the Notch pathway. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the role of Notch in vascular health and its modulation by nutraceuticals for the prevention of atherosclerosis and/or treatment of related CVDs.
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14
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Cicero AFG, Grassi D, Tocci G, Galletti F, Borghi C, Ferri C. Nutrients and Nutraceuticals for the Management of High Normal Blood Pressure: An Evidence-Based Consensus Document. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2019; 26:9-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s40292-018-0296-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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15
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Metabolic Syndrome: Preventive Effects of Dietary Flavonoids. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64181-6.00001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Wang L, Yan T, Zhang K, Li F, Jia J, Hu G. A sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of polyphenols and theaflavins in rat plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study of Da Hong Pao tea. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4470. [PMID: 30585656 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed for the rapid and simultaneous determination of five catechins and four theaflavins in rat plasma using ethyl gallate as internal standard. The pharmacokinetic profiles of these compounds were compared after oral administration of five kinds of Da Hong Pao tea to rats. Biosamples processed with a mixture of β-glucuronidase and sulfatase were extracted with ethyl acetate-isopropanol. Chromatographic separation was achieved by gradient elution using 10 mm HCOONH4 solution and methanol as the mobile phase. Analytes were detected using negative ion electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The lower limits of quantification were 1.0, 0.74 and 0.5 ng/mL for theaflavins, two catechins and three catechins, respectively. The validation parameters were well within acceptable limits. The average half-lives (t1/2 ) in blood of the reference solution group was much shorter than those of tea samples. The values of AUC0-t and Cmax of the polyphenols and theaflavins exhibited linear pharmacokinetic characteristics which were related to the dose concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ting Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kexia Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Feifeng Li
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingming Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Gaosheng Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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17
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Casas R, Estruch R, Sacanella E. Influence of Bioactive Nutrients on the Atherosclerotic Process: A Review. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1630. [PMID: 30400153 PMCID: PMC6266892 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of a dietary intervention as a useful tool in the prevention of atherosclerosis disease has gained greater attention in recent years. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated the importance of diet in reducing expensive treatments or possible undesirable side effects. The main aim of this review is to examine the effects of specific nutrients on the development and progression of atherosclerosis in patients with cardiovascular disease. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the cardioprotective effect of different nutrients. In this sense, results have shown stabilization of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques or downregulation of biomarkers related to inflammation through nutrients such as Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, hydroxytyrosol of extra virgin olive oil, lycopen, phytosterols of plants, or flavonols of fruits and vegetables, among others. The accumulated evidence on the anti-inflammatory effects related to these nutrients is summarized in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Emilio Sacanella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Liu J, Ji F, Chen F, Guo W, Yang M, Huang S, Zhang F, Liu Y. Determination of garlic phenolic compounds using supercritical fluid extraction coupled to supercritical fluid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:513-523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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19
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Fernando WMADB, Somaratne G, Goozee KG, Williams S, Singh H, Martins RN. Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Can Tea Phytochemicals Play a Role in Prevention? J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 59:481-501. [PMID: 28582855 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dementia and diabetes mellitus are prevalent disorders in the elderly population. While recognized as two distinct diseases, diabetes has more recently recognized as a significant contributor to risk for developing dementia, and some studies make reference to type 3 diabetes, a condition resulting from insulin resistance in the brain. Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, and diabetes, interestingly, share underlying pathological processes, commonality in risk factors, and, importantly, pathways for intervention. Tea has been suggested to possess potent antioxidant properties. It is rich in phytochemicals including, flavonoids, tannins, caffeine, polyphenols, boheic acid, theophylline, theobromine, anthocyanins, gallic acid, and finally epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which is considered to be the most potent active ingredient. Flavonoid phytochemicals, known as catechins, within tea offer potential benefits for reducing the risk of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease by targeting common risk factors, including obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Studies also show that catechins may prevent the formation of amyloid-β plaques and enhance cognitive functions, and thus may be useful in treating patients who have Alzheimer's disease or dementia. Furthermore, other phytochemicals found within tea offer important antioxidant properties along with innate properties capable of modulating intracellular neuronal signal transduction pathways and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warnakulasuriya M A D B Fernando
- Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Geeshani Somaratne
- Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn G Goozee
- Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,KARVIAH Research Centre, Anglicare, Castle Hill, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shehan Williams
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,KARVIAH Research Centre, Anglicare, Castle Hill, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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20
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Joo HK, Choi S, Lee YR, Lee EO, Park MS, Lim YP, Park JT, Jeon BH. Ethanol Extract of Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis Suppresses Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Inflammatory Response in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. J Med Food 2017; 20:511-518. [PMID: 28504909 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis, commonly known as Chinese cabbage, is a cruciferous vegetable traditionally consumed in east Asia. Although its habitual consumption could account for the low incidence of chronic vascular inflammation, the therapeutic and protective potential of phytochemicals derived from Chinese cabbage has been poorly studied. In this study, we identified the phenolic compounds, kaempferol and quercetin, from the ethanol extract of Chinese cabbage (EtCC). We show for the first time that EtCC contains effective phytochemicals that suppress tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced inflammatory response in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The EtCC inhibited TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. The antiadhesive activity of EtCC directly correlated with downregulation of expression and transcription of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). It was caused by an Nrf-2-dependent mechanism, leading to activation of antioxidant responsive element-driven promoter. Taken together, these results suggest that EtCC inhibits the expression of TNF-α-induced adhesion molecules through the indirect transcriptional modulation of VCAM-1 in endothelial cells. In conclusion, regular consumption of vegetables containing dietary phytochemicals might be a potential therapeutic strategy to protect against various stresses, to prevent several pathological conditions, and to treat chronic vascular inflammation, such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyoung Joo
- 1 Department of Physiology, BK21plus CNU Integrative Biomedical Education Initiative, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sunga Choi
- 1 Department of Physiology, BK21plus CNU Integrative Biomedical Education Initiative, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yu Ran Lee
- 1 Department of Physiology, BK21plus CNU Integrative Biomedical Education Initiative, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Ok Lee
- 1 Department of Physiology, BK21plus CNU Integrative Biomedical Education Initiative, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Park
- 2 Preclinical Research Center, Chungnam National University Hospital , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong Pyo Lim
- 3 Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- 4 Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byeong Hwa Jeon
- 1 Department of Physiology, BK21plus CNU Integrative Biomedical Education Initiative, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University , Daejeon, Korea
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21
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Samadi N, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Rahmanian M, Askarishahi M. Effects of bee propolis supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profile and insulin resistance indices in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2017; 15:124-134. [PMID: 28285617 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(17)60315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propolis, a natural resinous substance made by bees from material extracted from plants, flowers and bee's wax, has shown great therapeutic effects and been widely used in food and drug industries. Recently, some researchers have studied the effect of this substance in the treatment of diabetes. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this trial was to determine the effect of bee propolis on glycemic control, serum lipid profile and insulin resistance indices in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS This randomized clinical trial involved 66 patients with T2D, which were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (IG) and placebo (PG). IG received 300 mg three times a day for a total of 900 mg/d of propolis pills, while PG received similar pills, lacking propolis, on the same schedule for 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), serum insulin and insulin resistance indices were the main outcome measures. RESULTS The mean change in FBG between the IG ((17.76 ± 27.72) mg/dL decrease) and the PG ((6.48 ± 42.77) mg/dL increase) was significantly different (P = 0.01). Change in mean HbA1c had a similar pattern to FBG. The mean change in TC between the IG ((5.16 ± 43.80) mg/dL increase) and the PG ((28.9 ± 27.4) mg/dL increase) was also significantly different (P = 0.01), showing the protective role of propolis against the increase in TC. The change in mean LDL was similar to mean TC. There was no significant difference in other lipids or insulin resistance indices between the two groups. CONCLUSION Based on this study, the daily intake of 900 mg of bee propolis supplement for 12 weeks results in improvement of glycemic and some serum lipid levels in patients with T2D. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered on the website of Iranian Ministry of Health (www.irct.ir) with proprietary code of IRCT2014080218659N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Samadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Yazd Diabetic Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Rahmanian
- Yazd Diabetic Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohsen Askarishahi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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22
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Adamo M, Labate AM, Ferrulli A, Macrì C, Terruzzi I, Luzi L. Effects of hazelnuts and cocoa on vascular reactivity in healthy subjects: a randomised study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:223-234. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1348492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Adamo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, San Donato Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anna Ferrulli
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, San Donato Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Concetta Macrì
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, San Donato Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Division of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Science, Metabolism, Nutrigenomics and Cellular Differentiation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, San Donato Hospital, Milan, Italy
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23
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Sadowska B, Micota B, Różalski M, Redzynia M, Różalski M. The immunomodulatory potential of Leonurus cardiaca extract in relation to endothelial cells and platelets. Innate Immun 2017; 23:285-295. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425917691116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory activity of Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) was tested in vitro on HUVECs to explore its potential therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of inflammatory lesions. The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. Total polyphenol contents in LCE reached 137.0 ± 0.8 mg/g, with hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives as the predominant phenolic compounds. LCE expressed antioxidant capacity, which was, however, 13- to 16-fold lower than the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid. The plant extract was not cytotoxic up to a concentration 4500 µg/ml and did not exhibit proapoptotic activity. LCE significantly increased NO production in HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner and led to the inhibition of PAF secretion induced by staphylococcal peptidoglycan. The extract used at the concentration of 100 µg/ml significantly reduced platelet aggregation in the presence of arachidonic acid. We provide in vitro data demonstrating the immunomodulatory potential of LCE, which may be beneficial in preventing the development of difficult-to-treat inflammatory lesions within chronically infected tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Sadowska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Micota
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Różalski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Redzynia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Lodz Technical University, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Różalski
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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24
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Greyling A, Bruno RM, Draijer R, Mulder T, Thijssen DH, Taddei S, Virdis A, Ghiadoni L. Effects of wine and grape polyphenols on blood pressure, endothelial function and sympathetic nervous system activity in treated hypertensive subjects. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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25
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Grassi D, Draijer R, Schalkwijk C, Desideri G, D'Angeli A, Francavilla S, Mulder T, Ferri C. Black Tea Increases Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Improves Flow Mediated Dilatation Counteracting Deleterious Effects from a Fat Load in Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8110727. [PMID: 27854314 PMCID: PMC5133112 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Endothelial dysfunction predicts cardiovascular events. Circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) maintain and repair the endothelium regulating its function. Tea flavonoids reduce cardiovascular risk. We investigated the effects of black tea on the number of CACs and on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) before and after an oral fat in hypertensives; (2) Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, controlled, cross-over study, 19 patients were assigned to black tea (150 mg polyphenols) or a placebo twice a day for eight days. Measurements were obtained in a fasted state and after consuming whipping cream, and FMD was measured at baseline and after consumption of the products; (3) Results: Compared with the placebo, black tea ingestion increased functionally active CACs (36 ± 22 vs. 56 ± 21 cells per high-power field; p = 0.006) and FMD (5.0% ± 0.3% vs. 6.6% ± 0.3%, p < 0.0001). Tea further increased FMD 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after consumption, with maximal response 2 h after intake (p < 0.0001). Fat challenge decreased FMD, while tea consumption counteracted FMD impairment (p < 0.0001); (4) Conclusions: We demonstrated the vascular protective properties of black tea by increasing the number of CACs and preventing endothelial dysfunction induced by acute oral fat load in hypertensive patients. Considering that tea is the most consumed beverage after water, our findings are of clinical relevance and interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Grassi
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Richard Draijer
- Unilever Research and Development, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
| | - Casper Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Giovambattista Desideri
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Anatolia D'Angeli
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Sandro Francavilla
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Theo Mulder
- Unilever Research and Development, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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26
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Stonehouse W, Brinkworth GD, Thompson CH, Abeywardena MY. Short term effects of palm-tocotrienol and palm-carotenes on vascular function and cardiovascular disease risk: A randomised controlled trial. Atherosclerosis 2016; 254:205-214. [PMID: 27760402 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In vitro, ex vivo and animal studies suggest palm-based tocotrienols and carotenes enhance vascular function, but limited data in humans exists. The aim was to examine the effects of palm-tocotrienols (TRF- 80) and palm-carotene (CC-60) supplementation on vascular function and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adults at increased risk of impaired vascular function. METHODS Ninety men and women (18-70 yr, 20-45 kg/m2) with type 2 diabetes, impaired fasting glucose and/or elevated waist circumference were randomised to consume either TRF-80 (420 mg/day tocotrienol + 132 mg/day tocopherol), CC-60 (21 mg/day carotenes) or placebo (palm olein) supplements for 8 weeks. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), other physiological and circulatory markers of vascular function, lipid profiles, glucose, insulin and inflammatory markers were assessed pre- and post-supplementation. Pairwise comparisons were performed using mixed effects longitudinal models (n = 87, n = 3 withdrew before study commencement). RESULTS Plasma α- and β-carotene and α-, δ- and γ-tocotrienol concentrations increased in CC-60 and TRF-80 groups, respectively, compared to placebo (mean ± SE difference in total plasma carotene change between CC-60 and placebo: 1.5 ± 0.13 μg/ml, p < 0.0001; total plasma tocotrienol change between TRF-80 and placebo: 0.36 ± 0.05 μg/ml, p < 0.0001). Neither FMD (treatment x time effect for CC-60 vs. placebo, p = 0.71; TRF-80 vs. placebo, p = 0.80) nor any other vascular function and CVD outcomes were affected by treatments. CONCLUSIONS CC-60 and TRF-80 supplementation increased bioavailability of palm-based carotenes and tocotrienols but had no effects, superior or detrimental, on vascular function or CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welma Stonehouse
- Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Grant D Brinkworth
- Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Mahinda Y Abeywardena
- Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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27
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Tao W, Zhou Z, Zhao B, Wei T. Simultaneous determination of eight catechins and four theaflavins in green, black and oolong tea using new HPLC-MS-MS method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 131:140-145. [PMID: 27589031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and accurate analytical method was developed for the analysis of eight tea catechins and four theaflavins simultaneously in three types of tea (green, black and oolong tea), using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS) in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. This method using HPLC-MS-MS in positive mode was performed on a CAPCELL PAK C18 MGIII (2.0mm×100mm, 3μm) column (Shiseido) with the mobile phase consisting of 0.1% aqueous formic acid (A) and methanol (B) in gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3mLmin-1, and the column temperature set at 30°C. The optimized HPLC-MS-MS methodology is selective and specific, and was validated for eight catechins and four theaflavins widely reported in different teas. Satisfactory linearity was achieved in linear range (0.02-5μgmL-1 for catechins and 0.02-20μgmL-1 for theaflavins) and fine determination coefficient (r2>0.9935). The recoveries ranged from 65% to 115% with the RSD ranging from 2.4% to 6.7%. The methodology was used to evaluate the target polyphenols concentration in three types of tea samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuqun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution Control, National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Tongyu Wei
- Tianjin Solid Waste and Toxic Chemical Management Center, Tianjin, 300191, China
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Leung FP, Yung LM, Ngai CY, Cheang WS, Tian XY, Lau CW, Zhang Y, Liu J, Chen ZY, Bian ZX, Yao X, Huang Y. Chronic black tea extract consumption improves endothelial function in ovariectomized rats. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1963-72. [PMID: 26276555 PMCID: PMC4949301 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Menopause escalates the risk of cardiovascular diseases in women. There is an unmet need for better treatment strategy for estrogen-deficiency-related cardiovascular complications. Here we investigated the impact of chronic black tea extract (BT) consumption on cardiovascular function and lipid metabolism using a rat model of estrogen deficiency. Methods Female Sprague–Dawley rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated with BT (15 mg/kg/day, 4 weeks; active ingredients: theaflavins) or estrogen (E2) treatment for 4 weeks. Serum was collected for measuring cholesterol, triacylglycerol and estradiol levels. Changes in vascular reactivity were examined. The protein levels of NADPH oxidases were assessed by Western blotting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured using dihydroethidium fluorescence imaging. The concentrations of cGMP were measured using ELISA kit. Results Aortic rings from control, BT-treated and E2-treated OVX rats exhibited a greater increase in Phe-induced contraction after inhibition of NO synthase compared with those from OVX rats. ACh-induced endothelium-dependent relaxations were augmented in aortae and renal arteries in BT/E2-treated OVX rats than in OVX rats. BT/E2 treatment improved flow-mediated dilatation in small mesenteric resistance arteries of OVX rats. BT/E2 treatment restored the eNOS phosphorylation level and reversed the up-regulation of NADPH oxidases and ROS overproduction in OVX rat aortae. ACh-stimulated cGMP production was significantly elevated in the aortae from BT- and E2-treated rats compared with those from OVX rats. BT/E2 treatment reduced circulating levels of total cholesterol. Conclusions The present study reveals the novel benefits of chronic BT consumption to reverse endothelial dysfunction and favorably modifying cholesterol profile in a rat model of estrogen deficiency and provides insights into developing BT as beneficial dietary supplements for postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fung Ping Leung
- Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lai Ming Yung
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ching Yuen Ngai
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai San Cheang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wai Lau
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhen Yu Chen
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- Clinical Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Black tea protects against hypertension-associated endothelial dysfunction through alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10340. [PMID: 25976123 PMCID: PMC4432571 DOI: 10.1038/srep10340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive patients have been found to be associated with elevated levels of homocysteine, known as hyperhomocysteinemia. Homocysteine (Hcy) can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in endothelial cells. This study aims to investigate whether black tea (BT) protects against hypertension-associated endothelial dysfunction through alleviation of ER stress. Rat aortae and cultured rat aortic endothelial cells were treated with Hcy, BT extract, and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3). Male Sprague Dawley rats were infused with angiotensin II (Ang II) to induce hypertension and orally administrated with BT extract at 15 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. Hcy impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations of rat aortae and led to ER stress in endothelial cells, which were ameliorated by co-incubation of BT extract and TF3. The blood pressure of Ang II-infused rats and plasma Hcy level were normalized by BT consumption. Impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations in renal arteries, carotid arteries and aortae, and flow-mediated dilatations in third-order mesenteric resistance arteries were improved. Elevations of ER stress markers and ROS level, plus down-regulation of Hcy metabolic enzymes in aortae from Ang II-infused rats were prevented by BT treatment. Our data reveal the novel cardiovascular benefits of BT in ameliorating vascular dysfunctions, providing insight into developing BT into beneficial dietary supplements in hypertensive patients.
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Black tea lowers blood pressure and wave reflections in fasted and postprandial conditions in hypertensive patients: a randomised study. Nutrients 2015; 7:1037-51. [PMID: 25658240 PMCID: PMC4344573 DOI: 10.3390/nu7021037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and arterial stiffening are independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality. Flavonoids may exert some vascular protection. We investigated the effects of black tea on blood pressure (BP) and wave reflections before and after fat load in hypertensives. According to a randomized, double-blind, controlled, cross-over design, 19 patients were assigned to consume black tea (129 mg flavonoids) or placebo twice a day for eight days (13 day wash-out period). Digital volume pulse and BP were measured before and 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after tea consumption. Measurements were performed in a fasted state and after a fat load. Compared to placebo, reflection index and stiffness index decreased after tea consumption (p<0.0001). Fat challenge increased wave reflection, which was counteracted by tea consumption (p<0.0001). Black tea decreased systolic and diastolic BP (-3.2 mmHg, p<0.005 and -2.6 mmHg, p<0.0001; respectively) and prevented BP increase after a fat load (p<0.0001). Black tea consumption lowers wave reflections and BP in the fasting state, and during the challenging haemodynamic conditions after a fat load in hypertensives. Considering lipemia-induced impairment of arterial function may occur frequently during the day, our findings suggest regular consumption of black tea may be relevant for cardiovascular protection.
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Macêdo CL, Vasconcelos LHC, de Correia ACC, Martins IRR, de Lira DP, de O Santos BV, de A Cavalcante F, Silva BAD. Mechanisms underlying vasorelaxation induced in rat aorta by galetin 3,6-dimethyl ether, a flavonoid from Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke. Molecules 2014; 19:19678-95. [PMID: 25438079 PMCID: PMC6271539 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191219678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the relaxant action of galetin 3,6-dimethyl ether (FGAL) on rat aorta. The flavonoid relaxed both PMA‑ and phenylephrine (Phe)-induced contractions (pD2 = 5.36 ± 0.11 and 4.17 ± 0.10, respectively), suggesting the involvement of PKC and Phe pathways or α1 adrenergic receptor blockade. FGAL inhibited and rightward shifted Phe-induced cumulative concentration‑response curves, indicating a noncompetitive antagonism of α1 adrenergic receptors. The flavonoid was more potent in relaxing 30 mM KCl- than 80 mM KCl-induced contractions (pD2 = 5.50 ± 0.22 and 4.37 ± 0.12). The vasorelaxant potency of FGAL on Phe-induced contraction was reduced in the presence of 10 mM TEA+. Furthermore, in the presence of apamin, glibenclamide, BaCl2 or 4-AP, FGAL-induced relaxation was attenuated, indicating the participation of small conductance calcium-activated K+ channels (SKCa), ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP), inward rectifier K+ channels (Kir) and voltage-dependent K+ channels (KV), respectively. FGAL inhibited and rightward shifted CaCl2-induced cumulative concentration-response curves in both depolarizing medium (high K+) and in the presence of verapamil and phenylephrine, suggesting inhibition of Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated calcium channels (CaV) and receptor operated channels (ROCs), respectively. Likewise, FGAL inhibited Phe-induced contractions in Ca2+-free medium, indicating inhibition of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). FGAL potentiated the relaxant effect of aminophylline and sildenafil but not milrinone, suggesting the involvement of phosphodiesterase V (PDE V). Thus, the FGAL vasorelaxant mechanism involves noncompetitive antagonism of α1 adrenergic receptors, the non-selective opening of K+ channels, inhibition of Ca2+ influx through CaV or ROCs and the inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ release. Additionally, there is the involvement of cyclic nucleotide pathway, particularly through PDE V inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibério L Macêdo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.
| | - Luiz H C Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana C C de Correia
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.
| | - Italo R R Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.
| | - Daysianne P de Lira
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade Santa Maria (FSM), Cajazeiras, PB 58900-000, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara V de O Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana de A Cavalcante
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.
| | - Bagnólia A da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.
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Jiang J, Yuan X, Wang T, Chen H, Zhao H, Yan X, Wang Z, Sun X, Zheng Q. Antioxidative and cardioprotective effects of total flavonoids extracted from Dracocephalum moldavica L. against acute ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury in isolated rat heart. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2014; 14:74-82. [PMID: 24395711 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-013-9221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates antioxidative and cardioprotective effects of total flavonoids extracted from Dracocephalum moldavica L. (DML). The total flavonoids showed remarkable scavenging effects against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals in vitro. Compared with the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group as demonstrated by the use of improved Langendorff retrograde perfusion technology, the total flavonoids (5 μg/mL) pretreatment improved the heart rate and coronary flow, rised left ventricular developed pressure and decreased creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase levels in coronary flow. The infarct size/ischemic area at risk of DML-treated hearts was smaller than that of I/R group; the superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio increased and malondialdehyde content reduced obviously (P < 0.01) in total flavonoids treatment groups. In conclusion, the total flavonoids possess obvious protective effects on myocardial I/R injury, which may be related to the improvement of myocardial oxidative stress states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Beierlu, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
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Greyling A, Ras RT, Zock PL, Lorenz M, Hopman MT, Thijssen DHJ, Draijer R. The effect of black tea on blood pressure: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103247. [PMID: 25079225 PMCID: PMC4117505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Epidemiological evidence has linked consumption of black tea, produced from Camellia sinensis, with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, intervention studies on the effects of tea consumption on blood pressure (BP) have reported inconsistent results. Our objective was to conduct a systematic literature review with meta-analysis of controlled human intervention studies examining the effect of tea consumption on BP. Methods We systematically searched Medline, Biosis, Chemical Abstracts and EMBASE databases through July 2013. For inclusion, studies had to meet the following pre-defined criteria: 1) placebo controlled design in human adults, 2) minimum of 1 week black tea consumption as the sole intervention, 3) reported effects on systolic BP (SBP) or diastolic BP (DBP) or both. A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled overall effect of black tea on BP. Results Eleven studies (12 intervention arms, 378 subjects, dose of 4–5 cups of tea) met our inclusion criteria. The pooled mean effect of regular tea ingestion was −1.8 mmHg (95% CI: −2.8, −0.7; P = 0.0013) for SBP and −1.3 mmHg (95% CI: −1.8, −0.8; P<0.0001) for DBP. In covariate analyses, we found that the method of tea preparation (tea extract powders versus leaf tea), baseline SBP and DBP, and the quality score of the study affected the effect size of the tea intervention (all P<0.05). No evidence of publication bias could be detected. Conclusions Our meta-analysis indicates that regular consumption of black tea can reduce BP. Although the effect is small, such effects could be important for cardiovascular health at population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Greyling
- Unilever Research & Development Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Rouyanne T. Ras
- Unilever Research & Development Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L. Zock
- Unilever Research & Development Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Lorenz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria T. Hopman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick H. J. Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Draijer
- Unilever Research & Development Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
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Murad HAS, Abdallah HM. Black tea extract and its thearubigins relieve the sildenafil-induced delayed gut motility in mice: a possible role of nitric oxide. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1687-91. [PMID: 24895242 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study we hypothesize that a standardized black tea aqueous extract (BTE) and thearubigins, its main polyphenolic pigments, will improve sildenafil-induced delay in gastric emptying (GE) and small intestinal transit (SIT) in mice. Twenty groups of mice (n = 8) were given a phenol red meal, and three sets of experiments were performed. In the first and second sets, effects of different concentrations of BTE, thearubigins (TRs), and sildenafil (SLD), alone and in combinations, on GE and SIT were measured. In the third set, influence of nω -Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME) pretreatment on effects of these treatments was tested. Black tea extract (3% and 4.5%) and thearubigins (50 and 60 mg/kg) dose-dependently increased GE and SIT, whereas BTE 6% and thearubigins 70 mg/kg did not affect them. Sildenafil dose-dependently reduced both GE and SIT. Combination of metoclopramide, BTE 4.5%, thearubigins 60, or l-NAME with sildenafil (5 mg/kg) reversed its motility-delaying effects. Pretreatment with l-NAME followed by BTE 4.5%, thearubigins 60, BTE 4.5% + sildenafil 5, or thearubigins 60 + sildenafil 5 only partially affected the accelerating effects of BTE 4.5% and thearubigins 60. In conclusion, a standardized BTE and its thearubigins improve the sildenafil-induced delayed gut motility in mice. This improvement was partially blocked by l-NAME suggesting a possible role of nitric oxide. Thus, BTE 4.5% or TRs 60 mg/kg solution could be considered a reliever therapy for the sildenafil-induced dyspepsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam A S Murad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Grassi D, Desideri G, Di Giosia P, De Feo M, Fellini E, Cheli P, Ferri L, Ferri C. Tea, flavonoids, and cardiovascular health: endothelial protection. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:1660S-1666S. [PMID: 24172308 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.058313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that tea consumption might protect against the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The endothelium plays a pivotal role in arterial homeostasis. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability with endothelial dysfunction is considered the earliest step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction has been considered an important and independent predictor of future development of cardiovascular risk and events. The association between brachial NO-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and cardiovascular disease risk has been investigated in several prospective studies, suggesting that FMD is inversely associated with future cardiovascular events. Dietary flavonoids and tea consumption have been described to improve endothelial function and FMD. A proposed mechanism by which dietary flavonoids could affect FMD is that they improve the bioactivity of the endothelium-derived vasodilator NO by enhancing NO synthesis or by decreasing superoxide-mediated NO breakdown. This could be of clinical relevance and may suggest a mechanistic explanation for the reduced risk of cardiovascular events and stroke observed among tea drinkers in the different studies. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the relation between tea consumption and cardiovascular disease, with a focus on clinical implications resulting from the beneficial effects of tea consumption on endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Grassi
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy (DG, GD, PDG, MDF, EF, PC, and CF); and University "Sapienza"-II Faculty of Medicine, Rome, Italy (LF)
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Emerging roles of propolis: antioxidant, cardioprotective, and antiangiogenic actions. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:175135. [PMID: 23662115 PMCID: PMC3638596 DOI: 10.1155/2013/175135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Propolis has attracted attention in recent years due to its beneficial effects, which make it a potential preventive and therapeutic agent as well as a useful additive in food and cosmetics. The aim of this review is to discuss the growing evidence that propolis may, via a diverse array of biological actions, assist in the prevention of some inflammation-mediated pathologies including cardiovascular disease. The active components of propolis that have been identified so far include polyphenols and flavonoids. These compounds have cardioprotective, vasoprotective, antioxidant, antiatherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic actions. Many studies have been undertaken to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which propolis acts, which involve cellular signaling targets and interactions at the genomic level. This review will highlight the effects of propolis that may assist in the prevention of chronic degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular disease.
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Estrada-Reyes R, Carro-Juárez M, Martínez-Mota L. Pro-sexual effects of Turnera diffusa Wild (Turneraceae) in male rats involves the nitric oxide pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:164-172. [PMID: 23298455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Turnera diffusa Wild has been used in folk medicine by its aphrodisiac and tranquilizing properties. Previously we experimentally showed the aphrodisiac effect of a chemically characterized aqueous extract of Turnera diffusa in male rats. However, the mechanism of action underlying such effects has not been studied. STUDY AIMS As part of our systematic studies of pharmacological properties of Turnera diffusa, we aimed to analyze whether the increased sexual motivation and the augmented sexual performance of sexually sluggish (SL) male rats treated with Turnera diffusa involves the NO pathway. Additionally we analyzed whether such effects were exerted at the level of the brain or the spinal cord. Finally, anxiety levels and ambulatory activity were also evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Turnera diffusa (10-40 mg/kg) and sildenafil citrate (10 mg/kg) with or without a nonspecific inhibitor of NO synthase, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl esther (L-NAME, 12.5 mg/kg) were evaluated in SL rats, in a standard sexual behavior test and in the fictive ejaculation model in spinal cord transected and urethane-anaesthetized SL rats. Anxiety levels or ambulation were assessed in the burying behavior and open-field tests. RESULTS Turnera diffusa and sildenafil (both at 10 mg/kg) facilitated expression of male sexual behavior by shortening mainly ejaculation latency. Treatments also facilitated the number of discharges in the ejaculatory motor pattern as well as the number of ejaculatory motor patterns and its associated penile erections. L-NAME prevented the pro-sexual effects of treatments on both experimental models. Besides, the extract of Turnera diffusa (10 mg/kg) produced an anxiolytic-like effect in male rats without affecting ambulation. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the present work support the notion that pro-sexual effect of the aqueous extract of Turnera diffusa in rats involves the participation of NO pathway, mainly at central level. The anxiolytic-like effect of Turnera diffusa is an advantage to its use for improving sexual performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Estrada-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Fitofarmacología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Delegación Tlalpan, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
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Choi S, Park MS, Lee YR, Lee YC, Kim TW, Do SG, Kim DS, Jeon BH. A standardized bamboo leaf extract inhibits monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells by modulating vascular cell adhesion protein-1. Nutr Res Pract 2013; 7:9-14. [PMID: 23422838 PMCID: PMC3572229 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2013.7.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bamboo leaves (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex J. Houz (Poacea)) have a long history of food and medical applications in Asia, including Japan and Korea. They have been used as a traditional medicine for centuries. We investigated the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of a bamboo leaf extract (BLE) on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced monocyte adhesion in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Exposure of HUVECs to BLE did not inhibit cell viability or cause morphological changes at concentrations ranging from 1 µg/ml to 1 mg/ml. Treatment with 0.1 mg/ml BLE caused 63% inhibition of monocyte adhesion in TNF-α-activated HUVECs, which was associated with 38.4% suppression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression. Furthermore, TNF-α-induced reactive oxygen species generation was decreased to 47.9% in BLE treated TNF-α-activated HUVECs. BLE (0.05 mg/ml) also caused about 50% inhibition of interleukin-6 secretion from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocyte. The results indicate that BLE may be clinically useful as an anti-inflammatory or anti-oxidant for human cardiovascular disease including atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunga Choi
- Infectious Signaling Network Research Center and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 6 Munhwa-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-747, Korea
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Kim JS, Kang OJ, Gweon OC. Comparison of phenolic acids and flavonoids in black garlic at different thermal processing steps. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Byun MW. Effect of procyanidin C1 on nitric oxide production and hyperpolarization through Ca(2+)-dependent pathway in endothelial cells. J Med Food 2012; 15:1032-7. [PMID: 23057780 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables, are protective against cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanisms of the beneficial effects are still unknown. The goal of this research was to clarify actions of procyanidin trimer (C1) in rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs). Procyanidin C1 at concentrations up to 50 μM was not cytotoxic to the RAECs. The addition of procyanidin C1 to RAECs exerted a time-dependent hyperpolarization measured using a membrane potential-dependent fluorescent probe, bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol, whereas the hyperpolarization was significantly inhibited by the nonspecific K(+) channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA). Moreover, procyanidin C1 elevated intracellular Ca(2+) influx, which was totally abolished in the presence of Ca(2+)-free solution with EGTA. Procyanidin C1 caused a significant increase in nitric oxide (NO) production. The effect was significantly inhibited by an NO synthase inhibitor, N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine, or TEA. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that procyanidin C1 plays a potent role in promoting Ca(2+)-mediated signals such as the hyperpolarization via multiple K(+) channel activations and the NO release in RAECs, suggesting that procyanidin C1 may represent novel and effective therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Woo Byun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Woosong University, Daejeon, Korea.
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Soler-Cantero A, Jové M, Cacabelos D, Boada J, Naudí A, Romero MP, Cassanyé A, Serrano JCE, Arola L, Valls J, Bellmunt MJ, Prat J, Pamplona R, Portero-Otin M, Motilva MJ. Plant-derived phenolics inhibit the accrual of structurally characterised protein and lipid oxidative modifications. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43308. [PMID: 22952663 PMCID: PMC3430685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that plant-derived phenolics beneficial effects include an inhibition of LDL oxidation. After applying a screening method based on 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine-protein carbonyl reaction to 21 different plant-derived phenolic acids, we selected the most antioxidant ones. Their effect was assessed in 5 different oxidation systems, as well as in other model proteins. Mass-spectrometry was then used, evidencing a heterogeneous effect on the accumulation of the structurally characterized protein carbonyl glutamic and aminoadipic semialdehydes as well as for malondialdehyde-lysine in LDL apoprotein. After TOF based lipidomics, we identified the most abundant differential lipids in Cu(++)-incubated LDL as 1-palmitoyllysophosphatidylcholine and 1-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Most of selected phenolic compounds prevented the accumulation of those phospholipids and the cellular impairment induced by oxidized LDL. Finally, to validate these effects in vivo, we evaluated the effect of the intake of a phenolic-enriched extract in plasma protein and lipid modifications in a well-established model of atherosclerosis (diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in hamsters). This showed that a dietary supplement with a phenolic-enriched extract diminished plasma protein oxidative and lipid damage. Globally, these data show structural basis of antioxidant properties of plant-derived phenolic acids in protein oxidation that may be relevant for the health-promoting effects of its dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantza Soler-Cantero
- Departament of Food Technology, CeRTA-TPV, Escola Tècnica Superior d′ Enginyeria Agrària, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mariona Jové
- NUTREN-Nutrigenomics Center, Department of Experimental Medicine, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida-Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | - Daniel Cacabelos
- NUTREN-Nutrigenomics Center, Department of Experimental Medicine, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida-Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jordi Boada
- NUTREN-Nutrigenomics Center, Department of Experimental Medicine, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida-Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | - Alba Naudí
- NUTREN-Nutrigenomics Center, Department of Experimental Medicine, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida-Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria-Paz Romero
- Departament of Food Technology, CeRTA-TPV, Escola Tècnica Superior d′ Enginyeria Agrària, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Anna Cassanyé
- NUTREN-Nutrigenomics Center, Department of Experimental Medicine, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida-Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | - José C. E. Serrano
- NUTREN-Nutrigenomics Center, Department of Experimental Medicine, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida-Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | - Lluis Arola
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomic Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Maria Josep Bellmunt
- NUTREN-Nutrigenomics Center, Department of Experimental Medicine, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida-Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | - Joan Prat
- NUTREN-Nutrigenomics Center, Department of Experimental Medicine, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida-Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- NUTREN-Nutrigenomics Center, Department of Experimental Medicine, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida-Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- NUTREN-Nutrigenomics Center, Department of Experimental Medicine, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida-Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
- * E-mail: (MPO); (MJM)
| | - Maria-José Motilva
- Departament of Food Technology, CeRTA-TPV, Escola Tècnica Superior d′ Enginyeria Agrària, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- * E-mail: (MPO); (MJM)
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Ellinger S, Reusch A, Stehle P, Helfrich HP. Epicatechin ingested via cocoa products reduces blood pressure in humans: a nonlinear regression model with a Bayesian approach. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:1365-77. [PMID: 22552030 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.029330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) based on the classical random-effects model showed that cocoa consumption can reduce systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Because epicatechin is suggested to be responsible for the treatment effect, changes in blood pressure should depend on the dose of ingested epicatechin, which may explain the between-study differences. OBJECTIVE The objective was to quantify the effect of epicatechin ingested via cocoa products on changes in SBP and DBP. DESIGN A nonlinear meta-regression model was chosen to investigate the impact of the epicatechin dose on changes in SBP and DBP. A Bayesian approach using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods was applied for an appropriate treatment of the nonlinearity. RESULTS Data from 16 RCTs on SBP and 15 RCTs on DBP were included. The dose of epicatechin ingested via cocoa products influenced the changes in SBP and DBP. The asymptotic limit for the reduction was estimated at -4.6 mm Hg (95% CI: -5.4, -3.9 mm Hg) for SBP and at -2.1 mm Hg (95% CI: -2.7, -1.6 mm Hg) for DBP. An intake of 25 mg epicatechin/d led to a mean reduction of -4.1 mm Hg (95% CI: -4.6, -3.6 mm Hg) in SBP and of -2.0 mm Hg (95% CI: -2.4, -1.5 mm Hg) in DBP. CONCLUSIONS Blood pressure reduction by consumption of cocoa products depends on the dose of ingested epicatechin, which explains most of the between-study differences in classical meta-analyses. Similar effects may be achieved by consumption of other foods that are also rich in epicatechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ellinger
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science-Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Di Castelnuovo A, di Giuseppe R, Iacoviello L, de Gaetano G. Consumption of cocoa, tea and coffee and risk of cardiovascular disease. Eur J Intern Med 2012; 23:15-25. [PMID: 22153525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Daily intake of an anti-thrombotic diet may offer a suitable and effective way of coronary artery disease (CAD) prevention. A diet rich in fruit, vegetables, complex carbohydrates, monounsaturated fat and fish, moderate alcohol consumption but poor in salt, saturated fat and simple sugars, plays an important role in protect against CAD. Chocolate, coffee and tea, unfairly not included in "traditional healthy food basket", have received much attention over the past few years, if for no other reason than they are consumed worldwide and are important dietary sources of polyphenols (flavonols and cathechins). Several in vitro and in vivo studies have tried to elucidate the role of these foods and a large amount of experimental studies clearly indicated a beneficial effect of polyphenols in influencing CAD. However, data from epidemiological studies are not conclusive. The blood pressure lowering effects and the anti-inflammatory activity of dark chocolate suggests its use as potential prophylactic and therapeutic agent, in particular considering that epidemiological studies suggest that dark chocolate is inversely associated with CAD. Although regular consumption of moderate quantities of coffee and (green) tea seems to be associated with a small protection against CAD, results from randomized clinical trials about their beneficial effects are less evident. As for other diffuse consumption habits, such as that of alcohol, moderation is the key word. In fact, both for coffee and chocolate, the optimal healthy effects on CAD have been observed to be associated with a moderate intake, while healthy outcomes vanish at heavy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Di Castelnuovo
- Laboratorio di Epidemiologia Genetica ed Ambientale, Laboratori di Ricerca, Fondazione di Ricerca e Cura Giovanni Paolo II, Campobasso, Italy.
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Abstract
Waste from agricultural products represents a disposal liability, which needs to be addressed. Palm oil is the most widely traded edible oil globally, and its production generates 85 million tons of aqueous by-products annually. This aqueous stream is rich in phenolic antioxidants, which were investigated for their composition and potential in vitro biological activity. We have identified three isomers of caffeoylshikimic acid as major components of oil palm phenolics (OPP). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay confirmed potent free radical scavenging activity. To test for possible cardioprotective effects of OPP, we carried out in vitro LDL oxidation studies as well as ex vivo aortic ring and mesenteric vascular bed relaxation measurements. We found that OPP inhibited the Cu-mediated oxidation of human LDL. OPP also promoted vascular relaxation in both isolated aortic rings and perfused mesenteric vascular beds pre-contracted with noradrenaline. To rule out developmental toxicity, we performed teratological studies on rats up to the third generation and did not find any congenital anomalies. Thus, these initial studies suggest that OPP is safe and may have a protective role against free radical damage, LDL oxidation and its attendant negative effects, as well as vascular constriction in mitigating atherosclerosis. Oil palm vegetation liquor thus represents a new source of phenolic bioactives.
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Quiñones M, Sánchez D, Muguerza B, Miguel M, Aleixandre A. Mechanisms for antihypertensive effect of CocoanOX, a polyphenol-rich cocoa powder, in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Byun EB, Korematsu S, Ishikawa T, Nishizuka T, Ohshima S, Kanda T, Matsui T. Apple procyanidins induce hyperpolarization of rat aorta endothelial cells via activation of K+ channels. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:278-86. [PMID: 21543207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Apple procyanidins (AP), one of the polyphenol-rich compounds, showed an endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation in rat aorta, but the mechanisms of beneficial effects are still unclear. The present study was designed to clarify the potential role of AP in rat aorta endothelial cells (RAECs). The treatment of RAECs with AP (1-10 μg/ml) resulted in a dose-dependent hyperpolarization with a maximum effect at 10 μg/ml, and for this reason, AP (10 μg/ml) was used in all the following experiments. AP-induced hyperpolarization was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of nonspecific K(+) inhibitor, tetraethyl ammonium chloride or specific K(+) channel inhibitors, iberiotoxin, glibenclamide, 4-aminopyridine and BaCl(2), as well as by high KCl or Ca(2+)-free solution. AP-induced hyperpolarization was also proved using 64-channel multielectrode dish system that can monitor a direct and real-time change of membrane potential. Furthermore, AP treatment caused a significant increase of nitric oxide (NO) production and cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels via endothelial NO synthase messenger RNA expression. The NO production was inhibited by N(G)-monoethyl-l-arginine or Ca(2+)-free solution and was completely abolished by their combination. Also, AP inhibited endothelial proliferation, while the effect was significantly abolished by N(G)-monoethyl-l-arginine or tetraethyl ammonium chloride. These findings suggest that AP induces both hyperpolarization of RAECs via multiple activation of K(+) channels and activation of NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway via increasing NO production or is responsible for antiangiogenic effect. Diminishment of hyperpolarization as well as NO production of AP in Ca(2+)-free solution implicated that AP would play a crucial role in promoting Ca(2+) influx into endothelial cells so as to promote both actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Baek Byun
- Division of Bioresources and Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Ras RT, Zock PL, Draijer R. Tea consumption enhances endothelial-dependent vasodilation; a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16974. [PMID: 21394199 PMCID: PMC3048861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tea consumption is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease including stroke. Direct effects of tea components on the vasculature, particularly the endothelium, may partly explain this association. Objective We performed a meta-analysis of controlled human intervention studies on the effect of tea on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, a measurement of endothelial function, which is suggested to be associated with cardiovascular risk. Methods Human intervention studies were identified by systematic search of the databases Medline, Embase, Chemical Abstracts and Biosis through March 2009 and by hand-searching related articles. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria: intervention with tea as the sole experimental variable, placebo-controlled design, and no missing data on FMD outcome or its variability. A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled overall effect on FMD due to the intake of tea. The impact of various subject and treatment characteristics was investigated in the presence of heterogeneity. Results In total, 9 studies from different research groups were included with 15 relevant study arms. The overall absolute increase in FMD of tea vs. placebo was 2.6% of the arterial diameter (95% CI: 1.8-3.3%; P-value <0.001) for a median daily dose of 500 mL of tea (2–3 cups). This is a relative increase of approximately 40% compared to the average FMD of 6.3% measured under placebo or baseline conditions. There was significant heterogeneity between studies (P-value <0.001) that might partly be explained by the cuff position either distal or proximal to the area of FMD measurement. No indication for publication bias was found. Conclusion Moderate consumption of tea substantially enhances endothelial-dependent vasodilation. This may provide a mechanistic explanation for the reduced risk of cardiovascular events and stroke observed among tea drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouyanne T Ras
- Nutrition and Health Department, Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
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Sinkovic A, Suran D, Lokar L, Fliser E, Skerget M, Novak Z, Knez Z. Rosemary extracts improve flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery and plasma PAI-1 activity in healthy young volunteers. Phytother Res 2011; 25:402-7. [PMID: 20734322 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenol antioxidants decrease the risk of atherosclerosis. The study aimed to evaluate prospectively in healthy young participants the effect of oral rosemary extracts (RE), consisting of diphenols, upon endothelial dysfunction (ED), preceding structural atherosclerosis. Nineteen healthy young volunteers were studied prospectively, who received oral RE (77.7 mg) for 21 days, consisting of active substances carnosol (0.97 mg), carnosic (8.60 mg) and rosmarinic acid (10.30 mg). Before and after RE treatment, the study evaluated fasting serum levels of plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), inter-cellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), fibrinogen, high-sensitivity capsular reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor-necrosis factor α (TNF-α), the lipid profile and ED, characterized as flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in the brachial artery of < 4.5%, estimated by ultrasound measurements. After 21 days, any side effects were registered, the mean FMD increased nonsignificantly (6.51 ± 5.96% vs 7.78 ± 4.56%, p = 0.546) and ED decreased significantly (66.6% vs 16.6%, p = 0.040). Among the serum markers, only the mean PAI-1 level decreased significantly (4.25 ± 1.46 U/mL vs 3.0 ± 0.61 U/mL, p = 0.012) after 21-day RE supplementation. It is concluded that oral RE supplementation has the potential to improve serum PAI-1 activity and ED in young and healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Sinkovic
- Department of Medical Research, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
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Kobori M, Masumoto S, Akimoto Y, Oike H. Chronic dietary intake of quercetin alleviates hepatic fat accumulation associated with consumption of a Western-style diet in C57/BL6J mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 55:530-40. [PMID: 21462320 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To determine the effect of consumption of a quercetin-rich diet on obesity and dysregulated hepatic gene expression. METHODS AND RESULTS C56BL/6J mice were fed for 20 wk on AIN93G (control) or a Western diet high in fat, cholesterol and sucrose, both with or without 0.05% quercetin. Triglyceride levels in plasma, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (oxidative stress marker) and glutathione levels and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α expression in livers of mice fed with the Western diet were all improved after 8 wk feeding with quercetin. After 20 wk, further reductions of visceral and liver fat accumulation and improved hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and plasma adiponectin and TNFα levels in these mice fed with quercetin were observed. The expression of hepatic genes related to steatosis, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c was also normalized by quercetin. In mice fed with the control diet, quercetin did not affect body weight but reduces the plasma TNFα and hepatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels. CONCLUSION In mice fed with a Western diet, chronic dietary intake of quercetin reduces liver fat accumulation and improves systemic parameters related to metabolic syndrome, probably mainly through decreasing oxidative stress and reducing PPARα expression, and the subsequent reduced expression in the liver of genes related to steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuko Kobori
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Effect of lignin-derived lignophenols on vascular oxidative stress and inflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 348:117-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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