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Aslan MN, Sukan-Karaçağıl B, Acar-Tek N. Roles of citrus fruits on energy expenditure, body weight management, and metabolic biomarkers: a comprehensive review. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:1292-1307. [PMID: 37702528 PMCID: PMC11317776 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits are widely consumed for their nutritional and health benefits. They belong to the Rutaceae and have many varieties, such as sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), which is the most popular. Citrus fruits are rich in water (>80%), dietary fiber, and vitamins. They also contain bioactive components, which may modulate energy metabolism and lipid oxidation through various mechanisms. These mechanisms include stimulating β3-adrenergic receptors, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis, activating AMP kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α pathways, inhibiting lipogenesis and lipid accumulation, and inducing browning of white adipose tissue. This review summarizes the mechanisms and outcomes of citrus fruits and their metabolites on energy metabolism and body weight in different experimental models. The literature was searched for in vitro and in vivo animal and human studies that investigated the effects of citrus consumption on energy expenditure, thermogenesis, adipogenesis, and lipid accumulation. Citrus fruits and their metabolites have shown promising effects on energy metabolism and lipid oxidation in in vitro and in vivo animal studies. However, the evidence from human studies is limited and inconsistent. Possible reasons for the discrepancy are briefly discussed, and knowledge gaps and research needs are identified for future studies. Citrus fruits may have beneficial effects on energy metabolism and body weight, but more rigorous and well-designed human trials are needed to confirm their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Nur Aslan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Sukan-Karaçağıl
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Acar-Tek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Gonzalez JT. Are all sugars equal? Role of the food source in physiological responses to sugars with an emphasis on fruit and fruit juice. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:1435-1451. [PMID: 38492022 PMCID: PMC11329689 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03365-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
High (free) sugar intakes can increase self-reported energy intake and are associated with unfavourable cardiometabolic health. However, sugar source may modulate the effects of sugars due to several mechanisms including the food matrix. The aim of this review was to assess the current state of evidence in relation to food source effects on the physiological responses to dietary sugars in humans relevant to cardiometabolic health. An additional aim was to review potential mechanisms by which food sources may influence such responses. Evidence from meta-analyses of controlled intervention trials was used to establish the balance of evidence relating to the addition of sugars to the diet from sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juice, honey and whole fruit on cardiometabolic outcomes. Subsequently, studies which have directly compared whole fruit with fruit juices, or variants of fruit juices, were discussed. In summary, the sources of sugars can impact physiological responses, with differences in glycaemic control, blood pressure, inflammation, and acute appetite. Longer-term effects and mechanisms require further work, but initial evidence implicates physical structure, energy density, fibre, potassium and polyphenol content, as explanations for some of the observed responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier T Gonzalez
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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3
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Gao H, Chen F, Wang S. Hesperidin reduces systolic blood pressure in diabetic patients and has no effect on blood pressure in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3706-3719. [PMID: 38772688 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there have been a number of studies where hesperidin was administered to modify arterial blood pressure, but the conclusions of each study are contradictory. In order to investigate the effect of hesperidin on blood pressure, we searched the CNKI, Wanfang Database, the VIP database, Sinomed database, Pubmed, Embase and The Cochrane Library databases, and searched the literature on hesperidin and blood pressure published in Chinese and English journals, mainly focusing on patients' systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. The search time frame was from the inception of the databases until December 2023. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the overall quality and used Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) to measure agreement. We did preliminary screening of the retrieved literature through Notexpress, 14 articles with a total of 656 patients were included. Cochrance data conversion tool was used for data conversion, and RevMan 5.3 was used for meta-analysis, and finally Stata was used to make the Egger's test for the included study. The results of total population blood pressure showed that hesperidin had no antihypertensive effect on the population, but the conclusions changed when the population was divided into groups. The results of different populations showed that hesperidin had no effect on systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -0.50, 95% CI: -3.25 ~ 2.26, Z = 0.35, p = 0.72) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD = -0.51, 95% CI: -2.53 ~ 1.51, Z = 0.50, p = 0.62) in healthy individuals. However, hesperidin reduced systolic blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes (WMD = -4.32, 95% CI: - 7.77 ~ - 0.87, Z = 2.45, p = 0.01), and had a tendency to reduce diastolic blood pressure in diabetic patients (WMD = -3.72, 95% CI: -7.63 ~ 0.18, Z = 1.87, p = 0.06). The results in patients with type 2 diabetes needed to be further supported by future research focusing on individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
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Jalili F, Moradi S, Talebi S, Mehrabani S, Ghoreishy SM, Wong A, Jalalvand AR, Kermani MAH, Jalili C, Jalili F. The effects of citrus flavonoids supplementation on endothelial function: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2847-2859. [PMID: 38561995 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The present systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize existing data from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) concerning the impact of citrus flavonoids supplementation (CFS) on endothelial function. Relevant RCTs were identified through comprehensive searches of the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases up to May 30, 2023. Weighted mean differences and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled utilizing a random-effects model. A total of eight eligible RCTs, comprising 596 participants, were included in the analysis. The pooled data demonstrated a statistically significant augmentation in flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) (2.75%; 95% CI: 1.29, 4.20; I2 = 87.3%; p < 0.001) associated with CFS compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, the linear dose-response analysis indicated that each increment of 200 mg/d in CFS led to an increase of 1.09% in FMD (95% CI: 0.70, 1.48; I2 = 94.5%; p < 0.001). The findings from the nonlinear dose-response analysis also revealed a linear relationship between CFS and FMD (Pnon-linearity = 0.903, Pdose-response <0.001). Our findings suggest that CFS enhances endothelial function. However, more extensive RTCs encompassing longer intervention durations and different populations are warranted to establish more precise conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Jalili
- University of Adelaide Faculty of Medicine, Adelide, Australia
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Sepide Talebi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mehrabani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Ghoreishy
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, School of Health Sciences, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Ali R Jalalvand
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Research Institute for Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Hojjati Kermani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cyrus Jalili
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Faramarz Jalili
- School of Health Administration, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Rossi I, Mignogna C, Del Rio D, Mena P. Health effects of 100% fruit and vegetable juices: evidence from human subject intervention studies. Nutr Res Rev 2024; 37:194-238. [PMID: 37655747 DOI: 10.1017/s095442242300015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of 100% fruit and vegetable juices (FVJ) represent a controversial topic. FVJ contain notable amounts of free sugars, but also vitamins, minerals, and secondary compounds with proven biological activities like (poly)phenols and carotenoids. The review aimed to shed light on the potential impact of 100% FVJ on human subject health, comprehensively assessing the role each type of juice may have in specific health outcomes for a particular target population, as reported in dietary interventions. The effects of a wide range of FVJ (orange, grapefruit, mandarin, lemon, apple, white, red, and Concord grapes, pomegranate, cranberry, chokeberry, blueberry, other minor berries, sweet and tart cherry, plum, tomato, carrot, beetroot, and watermelon, among others) were evaluated on a series of outcomes (anthropometric parameters, body composition, blood pressure and vascular function, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, cognitive function, exercise performance, gut microbiota composition and bacterial infections), providing a thorough picture of the contribution of each FVJ to a health outcome. Some juices demonstrated their ability to exert potential preventive effects on some outcomes while others on other health outcomes, emphasising how the differential composition in bioactive compounds defines juice effects. Research gaps and future prospects were discussed. Although 100% FVJ appear to have beneficial effects on some cardiometabolic health outcomes, cognition and exercise performance, or neutral effects on anthropometric parameters and body composition, further efforts are needed to better understand the impact of 100% FVJ on human subject health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rossi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiana Mignogna
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Habibi F, García-Pastor ME, Puente-Moreno J, Garrido-Auñón F, Serrano M, Valero D. Anthocyanin in blood oranges: a review on postharvest approaches for its enhancement and preservation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12089-12101. [PMID: 35822279 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2098250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanin concentration is considered an important fruit quality index of blood oranges and has gained popularity among consumers due to its antioxidant capacity, therapeutic properties, and prevention of some human diseases. Anthocyanin biosynthesis occurs in the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum by multi-enzymes complexes through the flavonoid pathway. Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and β-glucosidase (anthocyanase) are the enzymes responsible for anthocyanin degradation. Blood oranges are cold-dependent for anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation, and thus, the low temperature of storage can enhance anthocyanin concentration and improve internal fruit quality. In addition, anthocyanin accumulation can be accelerated by postharvest technologies, either physical treatments or chemical elicitors. However, low temperatures can induce chilling injury (CI) incidence in blood oranges. Postharvest chemical elicitors treatments can enhance anthocyanin accumulation and prevent CI. This review provides the most updated information about postharvest tools modulating the anthocyanin content, and the role of enhancing and preserving pigmentation to produce blood orange with the highest quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Habibi
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Jenifer Puente-Moreno
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando Garrido-Auñón
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Serrano
- Department of Applied Biology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Daniel Valero
- Department of Food Technology, University Miguel Hernández. Ctra, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
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Zhuo S, Zhang B, Zhang J, Yang M, Yu Z. Effects of dietary inflammatory index, blood lead levels, and flavonoid intake on stroke risk in older Americans: A cross-sectional study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107336. [PMID: 37677899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary flavonoids, the dietary inflammatory index (DII), blood lead levels, and stroke and evaluate how these factors interact with one another in relation to stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed data from 3675 older American adults aged ≥60 years, obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Since this database does not specifically differentiate between hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes, our data include both types. We utilized the DII to assess the inflammatory potential of the diet, calculated using 24 h dietary recalls. To determine the association between dietary flavonoids, blood lead levels, DII, and stroke, we performed multivariate logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and restricted cubic splines. We modeled additive interactions to assess the relationship between blood lead levels and DII. RESULTS A high intake of flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and total flavonoids correlated negatively with stroke risk, whereas blood lead levels had a positive association. After adjusting for confounders, stroke risk was found to increase with higher DII. Restricted cubic splines analysis revealed that flavan-3-ols, total flavonoids, blood lead levels, and DII were linearly related to stroke, while the relationships with flavonoids and flavonols were nonlinear. Additionally, a significant interaction was detected between high DII and elevated blood lead levels in relation to stroke risk. CONCLUSIONS Intake of flavan-3-ol, flavanols, and total flavonoids is negatively associated with stroke risk, while higher blood lead levels and DII are positively related to it. High DII and elevated blood lead levels interact synergistically to influence stroke risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitu Zhuo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China; Translational Medicine Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China
| | - Biyue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China
| | - Meili Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China; Translational Medicine Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China
| | - Zheng Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China; Translational Medicine Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362000, China.
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8
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Laudani S, Godos J, Di Domenico FM, Barbagallo I, Randazzo CL, Leggio GM, Galvano F, Grosso G. Anthocyanin Effects on Vascular and Endothelial Health: Evidence from Clinical Trials and Role of Gut Microbiota Metabolites. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1773. [PMID: 37760077 PMCID: PMC10525277 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and derived cardiovascular disease (CVD) are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Increased oxidative stress and inflammatory state are involved in different alterations in endothelial functions that contribute to the onset of CVD. Polyphenols, and in particular anthocyanins, have aroused great interest for their antioxidant effects and their cardioprotective role. However, anthocyanins are rarely detected in blood serum because they are primarily metabolized by the gut microbiota. This review presents studies published to date that report the main results from clinical studies on the cardioprotective effects of anthocyanins and the role of the gut microbiota in the metabolism and bioavailability of anthocyanins and their influence on the composition of the microbiota. Even if it seems that anthocyanins have a significant effect on vascular health, more studies are required to better clarify which molecules and doses show vascular benefits without forgetting the crucial role of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Laudani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (I.B.); (G.M.L.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (I.B.); (G.M.L.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Federica Martina Di Domenico
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (I.B.); (G.M.L.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (I.B.); (G.M.L.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Cinzia Lucia Randazzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- ProBioEtna, Spin-Off of University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (I.B.); (G.M.L.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (I.B.); (G.M.L.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (S.L.); (F.M.D.D.); (I.B.); (G.M.L.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
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French CD, Arnold CD, Taha AY, Engle-Stone R, Schmidt RJ, Hertz-Picciotto I, Slupsky CM. Assessing Repeated Urinary Proline Betaine Measures as a Biomarker of Usual Citrus Intake during Pregnancy: Sources of Within-Person Variation and Correlation with Reported Intake. Metabolites 2023; 13:904. [PMID: 37623848 PMCID: PMC10456298 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Proline betaine (Pro-B) has been identified as a biomarker of dietary citrus intake, yet gaps remain in its validation as a quantitative predictor of intake during various physiological states. This study quantified sources of within-individual variation (WIV) in urinary Pro-B concentration during pregnancy and assessed its correlation with the reported usual intake of citrus fruit and juice. Pro-B concentrations were determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy in spot and 24-h urine specimens (n = 255) collected throughout pregnancy from women participating in the MARBLES cohort study. Adjusted linear or log mixed effects models quantified WIV and tested potential temporal predictors of continuous or elevated Pro-B concentration. Pearson or Spearman correlations assessed the relationship between averaged repeated biomarker measures and usual citrus intake reported by food frequency questionnaires. The proportion of variance in urinary Pro-B attributable to WIV ranged from 0.69 to 0.74 in unadjusted and adjusted models. Citrus season was a significant predictor of Pro-B in most analyses (e.g., adjusted β [95% CI]: 0.52 [0.16, 0.88] for non-normalized Pro-B), while gestational age predicted only non-normalized Pro-B (adjusted β [95% CI]: -0.093 [-0.18, -0.0038]). Moderate correlations (rs of 0.40 to 0.42) were found between reported usual citrus intake and averaged repeated biomarker measurements, which were stronger compared to using a single measurement. Given the high degree of WIV observed in urinary Pro-B, multiple samples per participant are likely needed to assess associations between citrus consumption and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin D. French
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.D.F.); (C.D.A.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Charles D. Arnold
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.D.F.); (C.D.A.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Ameer Y. Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Reina Engle-Stone
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.D.F.); (C.D.A.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Rebecca J. Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.J.S.); (I.H.-P.)
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (R.J.S.); (I.H.-P.)
| | - Carolyn M. Slupsky
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.D.F.); (C.D.A.); (R.E.-S.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
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10
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Rovetto EI, Luz C, La Spada F, Meca G, Riolo M, Cacciola SO. Diversity of Mycotoxins and Other Secondary Metabolites Recovered from Blood Oranges Infected by Colletotrichum, Alternaria, and Penicillium Species. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:407. [PMID: 37505676 PMCID: PMC10467077 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study identified secondary metabolites produced by Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Penicillium digitatum in fruits of two blood orange cultivars before harvest. Analysis was performed by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Three types of fruits were selected, asymptomatic, symptomatic showing necrotic lesions caused by hail, and mummified. Extracts from peel and juice were analyzed separately. Penicillium digitatum was the prevalent species recovered from mummified and hail-injured fruits. Among 47 secondary metabolites identified, 16, 18, and 13 were of A. alternata, C. gloeosporioides, and P. digitatum, respectively. Consistently with isolations, indicating the presence of these fungi also in asymptomatic fruits, the metabolic profiles of the peel of hail-injured and asymptomatic fruits did not differ substantially. Major differences were found in the profiles of juice from hail-injured and mummified fruits, such as a significant higher presence of 5,4-dihydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy-6C-methylflavone and Atrovenetin, particularly in the juice of mummified fruits of the Tarocco Lempso cultivar. Moreover, the mycotoxins patulin and Rubratoxin B were detected exclusively in mummified fruits. Patulin was detected in both the juice and peel, with a higher relative abundance in the juice, while Rubratoxin B was detected only in the juice. These findings provide basic information for evaluating and preventing the risk of contamination by mycotoxins in the citrus fresh fruit supply chain and juice industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermes Ivan Rovetto
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (E.I.R.); (F.L.S.)
| | - Carlos Luz
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 460100 València, Spain; (C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Federico La Spada
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (E.I.R.); (F.L.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Meca
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 460100 València, Spain; (C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Mario Riolo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (E.I.R.); (F.L.S.)
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 460100 València, Spain; (C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Santa Olga Cacciola
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (E.I.R.); (F.L.S.)
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11
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Micek A, Currenti W, Mignogna C, Rosi A, Barbagallo I, Alshatwi AA, Del Rio D, Mena P, Godos J. Are (poly)phenols contained in 100% fruit juices mediating their effects on cardiometabolic risk factors? A meta-regression analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1175022. [PMID: 37396131 PMCID: PMC10311565 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1175022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The consumption of 100% fruit juices has not been associated with substantial detrimental outcomes in population studies and may even contribute to improving the cardiometabolic profile if included in a healthy balanced diet. The main contributors to such potential beneficial effects include vitamins, minerals, and likely the (poly)phenol content. This study aimed to investigate whether the (poly)phenols contained in 100% fruit juices may mediate their effects on cardiometabolic risk factors based on published randomized controlled trials (RCT). Methods A systematic search in PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase, updated till the end of October 2022, was carried out to identify RCT providing quantitative data on (poly)phenol content in 100% fruit juices and used as an intervention to improve cardiometabolic parameters such as blood lipids, glucose, and blood pressure. Meta-regression analysis was performed to calculate the effect of the intervention [expressed as standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CI)] using the (poly)phenol content as moderator. Results A total of 39 articles on RCT investigating the effects of 100% fruit juices on cardiometabolic risk factors reporting data on total (poly)phenol and anthocyanin content were included in the analysis. Total (poly)phenol content was substantially unrelated to any outcome investigated. In contrast, each 100 mg per day increase in anthocyanins was related to 1.53 mg/dL decrease in total cholesterol (95% CI, -2.83, -0.22, p = 0.022) and 1.94 mg/dL decrease in LDL cholesterol (95% CI, -3.46, -0.42, p = 0.012). No other potential mediating effects of anthocyanins on blood triglycerides, glucose, systolic and diastolic pressure were found, while a lowering effect on HDL cholesterol after excluding one outlier study was observed. Discussion In conclusion, the present study showed that anthocyanins may mediate the potential beneficial effects of some 100% fruit juices on some blood lipids. Increasing the content of anthocyanins through specific fruit varieties or plant breeding could enhance the health benefits of 100% fruit juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Micek
- Department of Nursing Management and Epidemiology Nursing, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Walter Currenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristiana Mignogna
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Rosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ali A. Alshatwi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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12
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Mestareehi A, Li H, Zhang X, Meda Venkata SP, Jaiswal R, Yu FS, Yi Z, Wang JM. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Transforming Growth Factor β Receptor Targeted by Resveratrol and Hesperetin Coformulation in Endothelial Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16206-16217. [PMID: 37179642 PMCID: PMC10173440 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium is the frontline target of multiple metabolic stressors and pharmacological agents. As a consequence, endothelial cells (ECs) display highly dynamic and diverse proteome profiles. We describe here the culture of human aortic ECs from healthy and type 2 diabetic donors, the treatment with a small molecular coformulation of trans-resveratrol and hesperetin (tRES+HESP), followed by proteomic analysis of whole-cell lysate. A number of 3666 proteins were presented in all of the samples and thus further analyzed. We found that 179 proteins had a significant difference between diabetic ECs vs. healthy ECs, while 81 proteins had a significant change upon the treatment of tRES+HESP in diabetic ECs. Among them, 16 proteins showed a difference between diabetic ECs and healthy ECs and the difference was reversed by the tRES+HESP treatment. Follow-up functional assays identified activin A receptor-like type 1 and transforming growth factor β receptor 2 as the most pronounced targets suppressed by tRES+HESP in protecting angiogenesis in vitro. Our study has revealed the global differences in proteins and biological pathways in ECs from diabetic donors, which are potentially reversible by the tRES+HESP formula. Furthermore, we have identified the TGFβ receptor as a responding mechanism in ECs treated with this formula, shedding light on future studies for deeper molecular characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aktham Mestareehi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of
Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Integrated Biosciences, Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical
Sciences, School of Medicine, and Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Hainan Li
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of
Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Integrated Biosciences, Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical
Sciences, School of Medicine, and Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of
Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Integrated Biosciences, Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical
Sciences, School of Medicine, and Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Sai Pranathi Meda Venkata
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of
Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Integrated Biosciences, Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical
Sciences, School of Medicine, and Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Ruchi Jaiswal
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of
Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Integrated Biosciences, Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical
Sciences, School of Medicine, and Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Fu-Shin Yu
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of
Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Integrated Biosciences, Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical
Sciences, School of Medicine, and Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Zhengping Yi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of
Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Integrated Biosciences, Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical
Sciences, School of Medicine, and Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Jie-Mei Wang
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of
Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Integrated Biosciences, Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical
Sciences, School of Medicine, and Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
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13
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Capetini VC, Quintanilha BJ, de Oliveira DC, Nishioka AH, de Matos LA, Ferreira LRP, Ferreira FM, Sampaio GR, Hassimotto NMA, Lajolo FM, Fock RA, Rogero MM. Blood orange juice intake modulates plasma and PBMC microRNA expression in overweight and insulin-resistant women: impact on MAPK and NFκB signaling pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109240. [PMID: 36442716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Blood orange consumption presents potential health benefits and may modulate epigenetic mechanisms such as microRNAs (miRNAs) expression. MiRNAs are non-coding RNAs responsible for post-transcriptional gene regulation, and these molecules can also be used as biomarkers in body fluids. This study was designed to investigate the effect of chronic blood orange juice (BOJ) intake on the inflammatory response and miRNA expression profile in plasma and blood cells in overweight women. The study cohort was comprised of twenty women aged 18-40 years old, diagnosed as overweight, who consumed 500 mL/d of BOJ for four weeks. Clinical data were collected at baseline and after 4 weeks of juice consumption, e.g., anthropometric and hemodynamic parameters, food intake, blood cell count, and metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. BOJ samples were analyzed and characterized. Additionally, plasma and blood cells were also collected for miRNA expression profiling and evaluation of the expression of genes and proteins in the MAPK and NFκB signaling pathways. BOJ intake increased the expression of miR-144-3p in plasma and the expression of miR-424-5p, miR-144-3p, and miR-130b-3p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Conversely, the beverage intake decreased the expression of let-7f-5p and miR-126-3p in PBMC. Computational analyses identified different targets of the dysregulated miRNA on inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, BOJ intake increased vitamin C consumption and the pJNK/JNK ratio and decreased the expression of IL6 mRNA and NFκB protein. These results demonstrate that BOJ regulates the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory process and decreases NFкB-protein expression in PBMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Cooper Capetini
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna J Quintanilha
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dalila Cunha de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Harumi Nishioka
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciene Assaf de Matos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Rodrigues Pinto Ferreira
- Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (ICB/UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Geni Rodrigues Sampaio
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), CEPID-FAPESP (Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers São Paulo Research Foundation), São Paulo, Brazil.
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14
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Mechanistic insights into dietary (poly)phenols and vascular dysfunction-related diseases using multi-omics and integrative approaches: Machine learning as a next challenge in nutrition research. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 89:101101. [PMID: 35728999 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dietary (poly)phenols have been extensively studied for their vasculoprotective effects and consequently their role in preventing or delaying onsets of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Even though early studies have ascribed the vasculoprotective properties of (poly)phenols primarily on their putative free radical scavenging properties, recent data indicate that in biological systems, (poly)phenols act primarily through genomic and epigenomic mechanisms. The molecular mechanisms underlying their health properties are still not well identified, mainly due to the use of physiologically non-relevant conditions (native molecules or extracts at high concentrations, rather than circulating metabolites), but also due to the use of targeted genomic approaches aiming to evaluate the effect only on few specific genes, thus preventing to decipher detailed molecular mechanisms involved. The use of state-of-the-art untargeted analytical methods represents a significant breakthrough in nutrigenomics, as these methods enable detailed insights into the effects at each specific omics level. Moreover, the implementation of multi-omics approaches allows integration of different levels of regulation of cellular functions, to obtain a comprehensive picture of the molecular mechanisms of action of (poly)phenols. In combination with bioinformatics and the methods of machine learning, multi-omics has potential to make a huge contribution to the nutrition science. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the use of the omics, multi-omics, and integrative approaches in studying the vasculoprotective properties of dietary (poly)phenols and address the potentials for use of the machine learning in nutrigenomics.
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15
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Rapisarda P, Amenta M, Ballistreri G, Fabroni S, Timpanaro N. Distribution, Antioxidant Capacity, Bioavailability and Biological Properties of Anthocyanin Pigments in Blood Oranges and Other Citrus Species. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248675. [PMID: 36557809 PMCID: PMC9785241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural pigments that give a red, purple, and blue color to many plant, flower, fruit, and vegetable species. Their presence within the genus Citrus was first reported in 1916, and it is well-known that the red color of the flesh and rind of blood (red or pigmented) oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) is due to the presence of anthocyanins. They are also present in the young shoots, flowers, and peel of lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.), citron (Citrus medica L.), and other citrus species. Since then, the scientific community has expressed increasing interest in studying their profile and distribution, with many published studies focused on the quali-quantitative pattern in the different vegetative tissues belonging to the genus Citrus. Moreover, with the discovery of their relevant antioxidant activity, owing to their ability to capture free radicals, much research has been performed in the last two decades on their radical scavenging power, in vitro and in vivo biological properties, and anticarcinogenic capacity, also focusing attention on their bioavailability for humans. The present work is intended as a comprehensive review of the advances in scientific research on anthocyanin pigments naturally occurring within the genus Citrus, including their natural distribution, antioxidant capacity, bioavailability, and biological value and properties. The scientific evidence herein reported can be used to further increase the knowledge of this class of compounds and represents a valuable and comprehensive contribution to promoting anthocyanin-rich citrus fruit consumption as a healthy dietary habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Rapisarda
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Margherita Amenta
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ballistreri
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Simona Fabroni
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Nicolina Timpanaro
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
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16
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Chen J, Liu F, Wu RA, Chen J, Wang W, Ye X, Liu D, Cheng H. An up-to-date review: differential biosynthesis mechanisms and enrichment methods for health-promoting anthocyanins of citrus fruits during processing and storage. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3989-4015. [PMID: 36322523 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2137778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, naturally found in citrus, play key roles in improving the qualities of citrus fruits and products. Dietary consumption of fruit-derived anthocyanins is concerned increasingly owing to health-promoting properties. However, anthocyanins are vulnerable to many physical and chemical factors during processing and storage, affecting fruit qualities and consumer acceptance. Thus, the aim of this review is to focus on main advances in chemical structures, differential biosynthesis mechanisms, enrichment methods, and bioactivities of anthocyanins in pigmented and unpigmented citrus fruits. In this review, anthocyanin species and concentrations display tissue specificity in citrus, and the chemical structures and contents of main anthocyanins are summarized. For differential biosynthesis mechanisms, the reasons why most citrus fruits lose the ability of anthocyanin biosynthesis compared with pigmented fruits, and the molecular differences of biosynthesis mechanisms in pigmented citrus fruits are both discussed in detail. Furthermore, anthocyanins' enrichment methods (low-temperature stimulus, light irradiation, xenobiotics inductions, and ripeness influence) during processing and storage have been summarized, which achieve quality improvement by promoting structural gene expression, reducing anthocyanin-degrading enzyme activities, or altering DNA methylation status. Meantime, the health benefits of extract from pigmented citrus and their waste are mentioned, which provides a new approach for citrus waste recycling. HIGHLIGHTSChemical structures of individual anthocyanins in citrus are reviewed.Differential anthocyanin biosynthesis in citrus depends on mutations of Ruby genes.Anthocyanins are enriched in response to exogenous stimulus during storage.Health benefits of extract in blood oranges and their waste are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ricardo Antonio Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianle Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, Ningbo, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, Ningbo, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou, Ningbo, China
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17
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Fraga LN, Milenkovic D, Lajolo FM, Hassimotto NMA. Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of SULT1A1, SULT1C4, ABCC2 and Phase II Flavanone Metabolites Excretion after Orange Juice Intake. Nutrients 2022; 14:3770. [PMID: 36145145 PMCID: PMC9502135 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits and juices are a major source of dietary flavanones, and the regular consumption of these foods is inversely associated with the development of cardiometabolic diseases. However, the biological benefits depend on the bioavailability of these compounds, and previous studies have reported a large interindividual variability in the absorption and excretion of these compounds. Different factors, such as age, gender or genetic polymorphism of genes coding enzymes involved in the metabolism and transport of the flavanones, may explain this heterogeneity. This study aimed to assess the impact of single nucleotide polymorphism of sulfotransferases SULT1A1 and SULT1C4, and ABCC2 transporter genes on excretion of phase II flavanone metabolites in volunteers after 24 h of orange juice intake. Forty-six volunteers ingested a single dose of 500 mL of orange juice and 24-h urine was collected. The hesperetin and naringenin phase II metabolites were quantified in urine, and SNPs in SULT1A1, SULT1C4 and ABCC2 genes were genotyped. A significant (p < 0.05) relationship between the SNPs in these genes and the high excretion of phase II flavanone metabolites were observed. These results identified novel polymorphisms associated with higher absorption of flavanones, which may provide bases for future personalized nutritional guidelines for consuming flavanone-rich foods rich in these nutrients for better benefit from their health properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layanne Nascimento Fraga
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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18
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Krga I, Corral-Jara KF, Barber-Chamoux N, Dubray C, Morand C, Milenkovic D. Grapefruit Juice Flavanones Modulate the Expression of Genes Regulating Inflammation, Cell Interactions and Vascular Function in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Postmenopausal Women. Front Nutr 2022; 9:907595. [PMID: 35694160 PMCID: PMC9178201 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.907595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapefruit is a rich source of flavanones, phytochemicals suggested excreting vasculoprotective effects. We previously showed that flavanones in grapefruit juice (GFJ) reduced postmenopausal women’s pulse-wave velocity (PWV), a measure of arterial stiffness. However, mechanisms of flavanone action in humans are largely unknown. This study aimed to decipher molecular mechanisms of flavanones by multi-omics analysis in PBMCs of volunteers consuming GFJ and flavanone-free control drink for 6 months. Modulated genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) were identified using microarrays. Bioinformatics analyses assessed their functions, interactions and correlations with previously observed changes in PWV. GFJ modified gene and miRNA expressions. Integrated analysis of modulated genes and miRNA-target genes suggests regulation of inflammation, immune response, cell interaction and mobility. Bioinformatics identified putative mediators of the observed nutrigenomic effect (STAT3, NF-κB) and molecular docking demonstrated potential binding of flavanone metabolites to transcription factors and cell-signaling proteins. We also observed 34 significant correlations between changes in gene expression and PWV. Moreover, global gene expression was negatively correlated with gene expression profiles in arterial stiffness and hypertension. This study revealed molecular mechanisms underlying vasculoprotective effects of flavanones, including interactions with transcription factors and gene and miRNA expression changes that inversely correlate with gene expression profiles associated with cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Krga
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Claude Dubray
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CIC 501, UMR 766, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christine Morand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Dragan Milenkovic,
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19
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A Narrative Review of the Effects of Citrus Peels and Extracts on Human Brain Health and Metabolism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091847. [PMID: 35565814 PMCID: PMC9103913 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As life expectancy increases, age-associated diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) become a major health problem. The onset of AD involves neurological dysfunction due to amyloid-β accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in the brain. In addition, lifestyle-related diseases-such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and vascular dysfunction-increase the risk of developing dementia. The world population ages, prompting the development of new strategies to maintain brain health and prevent the onset of dementia in older and preclinical patients. Citrus fruits are abundant polymethoxylated flavone and flavanone sources. Preclinical studies reported that these compounds have neuroprotective effects in models of dementia such as AD. Interestingly, clinical and epidemiological studies appear to support preclinical evidence and show improved cognitive function and reduced associated disease risk in healthy individuals and/or patients. This review summarizes the recent evidence of the beneficial effects of citrus peels and extracts on human cognition and related functions.
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20
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Carmona L, Sulli M, Diretto G, Alquézar B, Alves M, Peña L. Improvement of Antioxidant Properties in Fruit from Two Blood and Blond Orange Cultivars by Postharvest Storage at Low Temperature. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030547. [PMID: 35326197 PMCID: PMC8944625 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed the remarkable health-promoting activities of citrus fruits, all of them related to the accumulation of bioactive compounds, including vitamins and phytonutrients. Anthocyanins are characteristic flavonoids present in blood orange, which require low-temperature for their production. Storage at low-temperature of blood oranges has been proven to be a feasible postharvest strategy to increase anthocyanins in those countries with warm climates. To our knowledge, no studies comparing the effect of postharvest storage effect on phenylpropanoid accumulation in cultivars with and without anthocyanins production have been published. We have investigated the effect of postharvest cold storage in flavonoid accumulation in juice from Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck in two different oranges: Pera, a blond cultivar, and Moro, a blood one. Our findings indicate a different response to low-temperature of fruit from both cultivars at biochemical and molecular levels. Little changes were observed in Pera before and after storage, while a higher production of phenylpropanoids (3.3-fold higher) and flavonoids (1.4-fold higher), including a rise in anthocyanins from 1.3 ± 0.7 mg/L to 60.0 ± 9.4 mg/L was observed in Moro concurrent with an upregulation of the biosynthetic genes across the biosynthetic pathway. We show that postharvest storage enhances not only anthocyanins but also other flavonoids accumulation in blood oranges (but not in blond ones), further stimulating the interest in blood orange types in antioxidant-rich diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Carmona
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, CP 46022 Valencia, Spain; (L.C.); (B.A.)
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Sao Paulo 14807-040, Brazil;
| | - Maria Sulli
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00123 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (G.D.)
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile, Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00123 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (G.D.)
| | - Berta Alquézar
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, CP 46022 Valencia, Spain; (L.C.); (B.A.)
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Sao Paulo 14807-040, Brazil;
| | - Mónica Alves
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Sao Paulo 14807-040, Brazil;
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro Peña
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, CP 46022 Valencia, Spain; (L.C.); (B.A.)
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (Fundecitrus), Sao Paulo 14807-040, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Nobiletin Protects Endothelial Cell Function via Upregulation of eNOS/ET-1 and Antioxidant Status-Related Genes under Nonstimulated and Inflammatory Conditions. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9119547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nobiletin, a natural polymethoxylated flavonoid compound, has been shown to exert a wide range of biological activities. However, there is limited evidence on the molecular mechanisms by which nobiletin modulates endothelial cell function. Our aim was to investigate the potential of nobiletin to enhance endothelial cell functionality under nonstimulated and inflammatory conditions. To this end, gene expression relevant to nitric oxide (NO) production, endothelin 1 (ET-1), and antioxidant status in human endothelial cells EA.hy926 was determined using real-time PCR. The fluorescence probe 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) was used to measure NO production. The results demonstrated significant upregulation of eNOS and antioxidant genes as well as downregulation of ET-1 by nobiletin under nonstimulated and TNF-α-stimulated inflammatory conditions. These findings suggest a promising protective effect of nobiletin with relevance for cardiovascular health, likely through the NO/ET-1 dynamics and Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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22
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Li L, Jin N, Ji K, He Y, Li H, Liu X. Does chronic consumption of orange juice improve cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2022; 13:11945-11953. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02195a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This is the first meta-analysis that investigates the effects of chronic consumption of orange juice on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese adults, demonstrating beneficial effects on blood pressure and HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Nini Jin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Ji
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueyue He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - He Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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23
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Verny MA, Milenkovic D, Macian N, Pereira B, Evrard R, Gilcher C, Steingass CB, Mosoni P, Gladine C, Monfoulet LE, Schweiggert R, Pickering G, Morand C. Evaluating the role of orange juice, HESPERidin in vascular HEALTH benefits (HESPER-HEALTH study): protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053321. [PMID: 34848522 PMCID: PMC8634291 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although epidemiological studies associate the consumption of sugary beverages with adverse health effects, human experimental studies have demonstrated substantially different metabolic responses when 100% fruit juices are compared with artificial beverages. Fruit juices do not just provide sugars and associated calories, but they are also rich in bioactive compounds. Flavanones are bioactives specifically and abundantly found in citrus foods, with hesperidin as the major representative in sweet oranges. Flavanone intake has been associated with a lower incidence of mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, clinical evidence are too scarce to confirm the vasculoprotective effects of 100% orange juice (OJ) presumably mediated by flavanones and thereby do not allow firm conclusions to be drawn about their efficacy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The HESPER-HEALTH study aims to assess the efficacy of OJ in improving vascular function and the contribution of hesperidin to these effects. This double-blind, randomised, controlled, crossover study will be carried out in 42 volunteers predisposed to CVD, based on age and on overweight. It includes three 6-week periods of consumption of 330 mL/d of OJ versus control drinks with and without hesperidin at a dose in agreement with a daily OJ serving (approx. 200-215 mg). The primary outcome is endothelial function, assessed by flow mediated dilation, with measurements performed at fasting and postprandially in response to a challenge meal. The secondary outcomes include bioavailability and metabolism of flavanones, changes in other markers of vascular function, systemic biomarkers of cardiovascular risk, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, vitamin C and carotenoids status, anthropometry and body composition, gut microbiota composition, nutrigenomic response and in oxylipin profiling. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This ongoing study was approved by the Ethics committee Sud-Est III, Bron, France on 17 November 2020. The trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04731987; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolas Macian
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM CIC 1405, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Clinical Research and Innovation Department, Biostatistics unit, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rémy Evrard
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM CIC 1405, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Caroline Gilcher
- Chair of Analysis & Technology of Plant-based Foods, Department of Beverage Research, Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Christof B Steingass
- Chair of Analysis & Technology of Plant-based Foods, Department of Beverage Research, Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Pascale Mosoni
- Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Ralf Schweiggert
- Chair of Analysis & Technology of Plant-based Foods, Department of Beverage Research, Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Gisèle Pickering
- Platform of Clinical Investigation Department, University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, INSERM CIC 1405, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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24
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Iglesias-Aguirre CE, Cortés-Martín A, Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Giménez-Bastida JA, Selma MV, González-Sarrías A, Espín JC. Main drivers of (poly)phenol effects on human health: metabolite production and/or gut microbiota-associated metabotypes? Food Funct 2021; 12:10324-10355. [PMID: 34558584 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high human interindividual variability in response to (poly)phenol consumption, the cause-and-effect relationship between some dietary (poly)phenols (flavanols and olive oil phenolics) and health effects (endothelial function and prevention of LDL oxidation, respectively) has been well established. Most of the variables affecting this interindividual variability have been identified (food matrix, gut microbiota, single-nucleotide-polymorphisms, etc.). However, the final drivers for the health effects of (poly)phenol consumption have not been fully identified. At least partially, these drivers could be (i) the (poly)phenols ingested that exert their effect in the gastrointestinal tract, (ii) the bioavailable metabolites that exert their effects systemically and/or (iii) the gut microbial ecology associated with (poly)phenol metabolism (i.e., gut microbiota-associated metabotypes). However, statistical associations between health effects and the occurrence of circulating and/or excreted metabolites, as well as cross-sectional studies that correlate gut microbial ecologies and health, do not prove a causal role unequivocally. We provide a critical overview and perspective on the possible main drivers of the effects of (poly)phenols on human health and suggest possible actions to identify the putative actors responsible for the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Iglesias-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Á Ávila-Gálvez
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María V Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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25
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Gonçalves AC, Nunes AR, Falcão A, Alves G, Silva LR. Dietary Effects of Anthocyanins in Human Health: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070690. [PMID: 34358116 PMCID: PMC8308553 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the consumption of natural-based foods, including beans, fruits, legumes, nuts, oils, vegetables, spices, and whole grains, has been encouraged. This fact is essentially due to their content in bioactive phytochemicals, with the phenolic compounds standing out. Among them, anthocyanins have been a target of many studies due to the presence of catechol, pyrogallol, and methoxy groups in their chemical structure, which confer notable scavenging, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities, being already recommended as supplementation to mitigate or even attenuate certain disorders, such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular and neurological pathologies. The most well-known anthocyanins are cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside. They are widespread in nature, being present in considerable amounts in red fruits and red vegetables. Overall, the present review intends to discuss the most recent findings on the potential health benefits from the daily intake of anthocyanin-rich foods, as well as their possible pharmacological mechanisms of action. However, before that, some emphasis regarding their chemical structure, dietary sources, and bioavailability was done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Ana R. Nunes
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Edifício do ICNAS, Pólo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS–UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-275-329-077
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26
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Miles EA, Calder PC. Effects of Citrus Fruit Juices and Their Bioactive Components on Inflammation and Immunity: A Narrative Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:712608. [PMID: 34249019 PMCID: PMC8264544 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system provides defence to the host against pathogenic organisms. A weak immune system increases susceptibility to infections and allows infections to become more severe. One component of the immune response is inflammation. Where inflammation is excessive or uncontrolled it can damage host tissues and cause pathology. Limitation of oxidative stress is one means of controlling inflammation. Citrus fruit juices are a particularly good source of vitamin C and folate, which both have roles in sustaining the integrity of immunological barriers and in supporting the function of many types of immune cell including phagocytes, natural killer cells, T-cells and B-cells. Vitamin C is an antioxidant and reduces aspects of the inflammatory response. Important bioactive polyphenols in citrus fruit juices include hesperidin, narirutin and naringin. Hesperidin is a glycoside of hesperetin while narirutin and naringin are glycosides of naringenin. Hesperidin, hesperetin, naringenin, naringin and narirutin have all been found to have anti-inflammatory effects in model systems, and human trials of hesperidin report reductions in inflammatory markers. In humans, orange juice was shown to limit the post-prandial inflammation induced by a high fat-high carbohydrate meal. Consuming orange juice daily for a period of weeks has been reported to reduce markers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein, as confirmed through a recent meta-analysis. A newly emerging topic is whether polyphenols from orange juice have direct anti-viral effects. In summary, micronutrients and other bioactives present in citrus fruit juices have established roles in controlling oxidative stress and inflammation and in supporting innate and acquired immune responses. Trials in humans demonstrate that orange juice reduces inflammation; its effects on innate and acquired immunity require further exploration in well-designed trials in appropriate population sub-groups such as older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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27
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Motallaei M, Ramezani-Jolfaie N, Mohammadi M, Shams-Rad S, Jahanlou AS, Salehi-Abargouei A. Effects of orange juice intake on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5427-5439. [PMID: 34060162 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous investigations exploring the effects of orange juice (OJ) as a nutrient-dense beverage on cardiovascular risk factors were inconsistent. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of OJ intake on major cardiometabolic markers including anthropometric indices, blood pressure, lipid profile, inflammation, and glycemic control markers. PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science were searched from inception until January 2021. Fifteen eligible trials with 639 participants were included in the present study. The meta-analysis showed that OJ intake significantly reduces circulating total cholesterol levels (10 trials; weighted mean difference [WMD] = -6.84 mg/dl; 95% CI: -12.38 to -1.29; p = .01) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (four trials; WMD = -0.39, 95% CI: -0.77 to -0.006; p = .04) compared to control group. The analyses failed to reveal a significant effect of OJ intake on other cardiometabolic risk factors (p > .05). This review suggests that the intake of OJ might be associated with improved serum total cholesterol and insulin sensitivity. Due to low-to-moderate quality of meta-evidence, our results must be interpreted with caution and more well-designed studies are still needed to confirm the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Motallaei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nahid Ramezani-Jolfaie
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Shamim Shams-Rad
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahab Jahanlou
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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28
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Effects of Anthocyanins on Vascular Health. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060811. [PMID: 34070757 PMCID: PMC8227852 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders are leading mortality causes worldwide, often with a latent evolution. Vascular health depends on endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques. Preventive medicine deserves special attention, focusing on modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, including diet. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables has well-known health benefits, especially due to its polyphenolic components. Anthocyanins, water-soluble flavonoid species, responsible for the red-blue color in plants and commonly found in berries, exert favorable effects on the endothelial function, oxidative stress, inhibit COX-1, and COX-2 enzymes, exert antiatherogenic, antihypertensive, antiglycation, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory activity, ameliorate dyslipidemia and arterial stiffness. The present review aims to give a current overview of the mechanisms involved in the vascular protective effect of anthocyanins from the human diet, considering epidemiological data, in vitro and in vivo preclinical research, clinical observational, retrospective, intervention and randomized studies, dietary and biomarker studies, and discussing preventive benefits of anthocyanins and future research directions.
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29
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Ruxton CHS, Myers M. Fruit Juices: Are They Helpful or Harmful? An Evidence Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061815. [PMID: 34071760 PMCID: PMC8228760 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary guidelines often deal with 100% fruit juice (FJ) inconsistently because it represents a source of free sugars. However, FJ also provides bioavailable micronutrients and plant bioactives at levels similar to those found in whole fruits. The present review weighs up the evidence from high-quality studies investigating a potential health harm for FJ against evidence from studies which indicate a potential health benefit. The findings reveal that FJ consumption, at moderate intakes consistent with the dietary guidelines for the US and some European countries (75-224 mL daily), does not increase the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease or poor glycaemic control. In contrast, regular consumption of FJ-even up to 500 mL per day in short-to-medium-term studies-appears to confer a health benefit in terms of vascular function and reduced blood pressure. Emerging evidence for cognitive health benefits requires further investigation in human trials. Observational studies report associations between FJ and nutrient adequacy and suggest that FJ consumption is associated with reduced risk of stroke. In conclusion, FJ appears to offer more benefit than risk and there appears to be no justification for discouraging FJ within a balanced diet for children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie H. S. Ruxton
- Nutrition Communications, East Road, Cupar KY15 4HQ, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-7973-337757
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30
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Tadros FJ, Andrade JM. Impact of hesperidin in 100% orange juice on chronic disease biomarkers: A narrative systematic review and gap analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8335-8354. [PMID: 34014143 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1927976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hesperidin in orange juice may affect chronic disease biomarkers. This narrative systematic review aimed to determine appropriate recommendations toward the dose and frequency of hesperidin consumption from 100% orange juice and conduct a gap analysis. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis was conducted to identify articles through September 2020, utilizing four databases: Pub-Med Central, Agricola, Embase, and MEDLINE. Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that overall effect sizes from the studies were considerably weak. Although higher frequencies, doses, and concentration of hesperidin in 100% orange juice had an impact on global cognitive function, cardiac, insulin, inflammatory, antioxidant/phenolic, and oxidative stress outcomes compared to lower frequencies, doses, and concentration of hesperidin. A gap analysis demonstrated there was a variability in dose and frequency of OJ and hesperidin, diet, genetics, and evaluation measures, which made the role of hesperidin in 100% OJ on chronic diseases unclear. This review revealed a trend toward improving chronic disease biomarkers following consumption of hesperidin in 100% orange juice. Steps can be taken in future research to improve the consistency of clinical study designs, methodology and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah J Tadros
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeanette Mary Andrade
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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31
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Pontifex MG, Malik MMAH, Connell E, Müller M, Vauzour D. Citrus Polyphenols in Brain Health and Disease: Current Perspectives. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:640648. [PMID: 33679318 PMCID: PMC7933480 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.640648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to essential micronutrients such as vitamin C, citrus fruits represent a considerably rich source of non-essential bioactive compounds, in particular flavanones which form a sub-set of the flavonoid group. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective potential of citrus flavonoids and have highlighted both the well-established (anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties), and newly emerging (influence upon blood-brain barrier function/integrity) mechanistic actions by which these neurological effects are mediated. Encouragingly, results from human studies, although limited in number, appear to support this preclinical basis, with improvements in cognitive performance and disease risk observed across healthy and disease states. Therefore, citrus fruits - both as whole fruit and 100% juices - should be encouraged within the diet for their potential neurological benefit. In addition, there should be further exploration of citrus polyphenols to establish therapeutic efficacy, particularly in the context of well-designed human interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Pontifex
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad M A H Malik
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Connell
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Müller
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Alhabeeb H, Sohouli MH, Lari A, Fatahi S, Shidfar F, Alomar O, Salem H, Al-Badawi IA, Abu-Zaid A. Impact of orange juice consumption on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:3389-3402. [PMID: 33350317 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1865263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the greatest cause of premature death and disability globally. Numerous therapeutic strategies have been developed to improve and prevent the adverse cardiovascular events, including nutritional approaches. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarized the evidence on orange juice consumption on CVD risk factors. Four databases were searched up to September 2020. Ten randomized controlled trials were included in the final analysis. Pooled results demonstrated a significant effect of orange juice on glucose (WMD: -2.92 mg/dl, 95% CI: -5.327, -0.530, p = 0.017), insulin (WMD: -1.229 μU/ml, 95% CI: -2.083, -0.374, p = 0.005), HOMA-IR (WMD: -0.464, 95% CI: -0.747, -0.181, p = 0.001), total cholesterol (WMD: -9.84 mg/dl, 95% CI: -15.43, -4.24, p = 0.001), LDL-C (WMD: -9.14 mg/dl, 95% CI: -15.79, -2.49, p = 0.007), and CRP (WMD: -0.467 mg/l, 95% CI: -0.815, -0.120, p = 0.008) compared to control group. However, the effect of orange juice on body composition factors and other CVD risk factors was not significant compared to control group. These lowering effects of glucose, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, and LDL-C were robust in subgroups with orange juice consumption ≥500 ml/day. This meta-analysis suggests that orange juice may be beneficial in improving several CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habeeb Alhabeeb
- Clinical Research, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of public health branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Lari
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of public health branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Fatahi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of public health branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of public health branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Osama Alomar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany Salem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail A Al-Badawi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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