1
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Varghese A, Gusarov I, Gamallo-Lana B, Dolgonos D, Mankan Y, Shamovsky I, Phan M, Jones R, Gomez-Jenkins M, White E, Wang R, Jones D, Papagiannakopoulos T, Pacold ME, Mar AC, Littman DR, Nudler E. Unraveling cysteine deficiency-associated rapid weight loss. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.30.605703. [PMID: 39131293 PMCID: PMC11312522 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.30.605703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Forty percent of the US population and 1 in 6 individuals worldwide are obese, and the incidence of this disease is surging globally1,2. Various dietary interventions, including carbohydrate and fat restriction, and more recently amino acid restriction, have been explored to combat this epidemic3-6. We sought to investigate the impact of removing individual amino acids on the weight profiles of mice. Compared to essential amino acid restriction, induction of conditional cysteine restriction resulted in the most dramatic weight loss, amounting to 20% within 3 days and 30% within one week, which was readily reversed. This weight loss occurred despite the presence of substantial cysteine reserves stored in glutathione (GSH) across various tissues7. Further analysis demonstrated that the weight reduction primarily stemmed from an increase in the utilization of fat mass, while locomotion, circadian rhythm and histological appearance of multiple other tissues remained largely unaffected. Cysteine deficiency activated the integrated stress response (ISR) and NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response (OSR), which amplify each other, leading to the induction of GDF15 and FGF21, hormones associated with increased lipolysis, energy homeostasis and food aversion8-10. We additionally observed rapid tissue coenzyme A (CoA) depletion, resulting in energetically inefficient anaerobic glycolysis and TCA cycle, with sustained urinary excretion of pyruvate, orotate, citrate, α-ketoglutarate, nitrogen rich compounds and amino acids. In summary, our investigation highlights that cysteine restriction, by depleting GSH and CoA, exerts a maximal impact on weight loss, metabolism, and stress signaling compared to other amino acid restrictions. These findings may pave the way for innovative strategies for addressing a range of metabolic diseases and the growing obesity crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Varghese
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ivan Gusarov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Begoña Gamallo-Lana
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daria Dolgonos
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yatin Mankan
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ilya Shamovsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mydia Phan
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rebecca Jones
- Division of Advanced Research Technologies, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Maria Gomez-Jenkins
- Rutgers Cancer Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Ludwig Princeton Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Drew Jones
- Division of Advanced Research Technologies, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Thales Papagiannakopoulos
- Department of Pathology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael E Pacold
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Adam C Mar
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dan R Littman
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Evgeny Nudler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10016, USA
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2
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Mann CG, MacArthur MR, Zhang J, Gong S, AbuSalim JE, Hunter CJ, Lu W, Agius T, Longchamp A, Allagnat F, Rabinowitz J, Mitchell JR, De Bock K, Mitchell SJ. Sulfur Amino Acid Restriction Enhances Exercise Capacity in Mice by Boosting Fat Oxidation in Muscle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.27.601041. [PMID: 39005372 PMCID: PMC11244859 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.27.601041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Dietary restriction of the sulfur-containing amino acids methionine and cysteine (SAAR) improves body composition, enhances insulin sensitivity, and extends lifespan; benefits seen also with endurance exercise. Yet, the impact of SAAR on skeletal muscle remains largely unexplored. Here we demonstrate that one week of SAAR in sedentary, young, male mice increases endurance exercise capacity. Indirect calorimetry showed that SAAR increased lipid oxidation at rest and delayed the onset of carbohydrate utilization during exercise. Transcriptomic analysis revealed increased expression of genes involved in fatty acid catabolism especially in glycolytic muscle following SAAR. These findings were functionally supported by increased fatty acid circulatory turnover flux and muscle β-oxidation. Reducing lipid uptake from circulation through endothelial cell (EC)-specific CD36 deletion attenuated the running phenotype. Mechanistically, VEGF-signaling inhibition prevented exercise increases following SAAR, without affecting angiogenesis, implicating noncanonical VEGF signaling and EC CD36-dependent fatty acid transport in regulating exercise capacity by influencing muscle substrate availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte G Mann
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Michael R MacArthur
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Songlin Gong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jenna E AbuSalim
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Craig J. Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Wenyun Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Thomas Agius
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Alban Longchamp
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
- Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Florent Allagnat
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - James R Mitchell
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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3
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Le H, Nguyen M, Manso HECCC, Wang MD, Watford M. Adipocytes Are the Only Site of Glutamine Synthetase Expression Within the Lactating Mouse Mammary Gland. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102168. [PMID: 38813479 PMCID: PMC11130672 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Glutamine in milk is believed to play an important role in neonatal intestinal maturation and immune function. For lactating mothers, glutamine utilization is increased to meet the demands of the enlarged intestine and milk production. However, the source of such glutamine during lactation has not been studied. Objectives We aimed to assess the effects of lactation on the expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) in the mammary gland and other tissues of lactating mice. Methods Mouse tissues were sampled at 4 time points: 8-wk-old (virgin, control), post-delivery day 5 (PD5, early lactation), PD15 (peak lactation), and involution (4 days after weaning at PD21). We examined the gene expression and protein concentrations of GS and the first 2 enzymes of branched-chain amino acid catabolism: branched-chain aminotransferase 2 (BCAT2) and branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase subunit E1α (BCKDHA). Results The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and protein concentrations of GS in mammary glands were significantly lower at PD5 and PD15 compared with the control but were restored at involution. Within the mammary gland, GS protein was only detected in adipocytes with no evidence of presence in mammary epithelial cells. Compared with the control, mRNA and protein concentrations of BCAT2 and BCKDHA in mammary glands significantly decreased during lactation and involution. No changes in GS protein concentrations during lactation were found in the liver, skeletal muscle, and lung. In non-mammary adipose tissue, GS protein abundance was higher during lactation compared with the virgin. Conclusions This work shows that, within the mouse mammary gland, GS is only expressed in adipocytes and that the relative GS abundance in mammary gland sections is lower during lactation. This suggests that mammary adipocytes may be a site of glutamine synthesis in the lactating mouse. Identifying the sources of glutamine production during lactation is important for optimizing milk glutamine concentration to enhance neonatal and maternal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyen Le
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Mai Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Helena Emilia CCC Manso
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Zootecnia Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Michelle D Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Malcolm Watford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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4
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Ryoo HD. The integrated stress response in metabolic adaptation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107151. [PMID: 38462161 PMCID: PMC10998230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) refers to signaling pathways initiated by stress-activated eIF2α kinases. Distinct eIF2α kinases respond to different stress signals, including amino acid deprivation and mitochondrial stress. Such stress-induced eIF2α phosphorylation attenuates general mRNA translation and, at the same time, stimulates the preferential translation of specific downstream factors to orchestrate an adaptive gene expression program. In recent years, there have been significant new advances in our understanding of ISR during metabolic stress adaptation. Here, I discuss those advances, reviewing among others the ISR activation mechanisms in response to amino acid deprivation and mitochondrial stress. In addition, I review how ISR regulates the amino acid metabolic pathways and how changes in the ISR impact the physiology and pathology of various disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Don Ryoo
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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5
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Agius T, Emsley R, Lyon A, MacArthur MR, Kiesworo K, Faivre A, Stavart L, Lambelet M, Legouis D, de Seigneux S, Golshayan D, Lazeyras F, Yeh H, Markmann JF, Uygun K, Ocampo A, Mitchell SJ, Allagnat F, Déglise S, Longchamp A. Short-term hypercaloric carbohydrate loading increases surgical stress resilience by inducing FGF21. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1073. [PMID: 38316771 PMCID: PMC10844297 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction promotes resistance to surgical stress in multiple organisms. Counterintuitively, current medical protocols recommend short-term carbohydrate-rich drinks (carbohydrate loading) prior to surgery, part of a multimodal perioperative care pathway designed to enhance surgical recovery. Despite widespread clinical use, preclinical and mechanistic studies on carbohydrate loading in surgical contexts are lacking. Here we demonstrate in ad libitum-fed mice that liquid carbohydrate loading for one week drives reductions in solid food intake, while nearly doubling total caloric intake. Similarly, in humans, simple carbohydrate intake is inversely correlated with dietary protein intake. Carbohydrate loading-induced protein dilution increases expression of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) independent of caloric intake, resulting in protection in two models of surgical stress: renal and hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. The protection is consistent across male, female, and aged mice. In vivo, amino acid add-back or genetic FGF21 deletion blocks carbohydrate loading-mediated protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Finally, carbohydrate loading induction of FGF21 is associated with the induction of the canonical integrated stress response (ATF3/4, NF-kB), and oxidative metabolism (PPARγ). Together, these data support carbohydrate loading drinks prior to surgery and reveal an essential role of protein dilution via FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Agius
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raffaella Emsley
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Lyon
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael R MacArthur
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Kevin Kiesworo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Faivre
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties and Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Louis Stavart
- Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martine Lambelet
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Legouis
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties and Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Intensive Care, Department of Acute Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties and Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Déla Golshayan
- Transplantation Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francois Lazeyras
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Heidi Yeh
- Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James F Markmann
- Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Korkut Uygun
- Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alejandro Ocampo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Florent Allagnat
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Déglise
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alban Longchamp
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Cooke D, Ables GP. Physical activity of mice on dietary sulfur amino acid restriction is influenced by age of diet initiation and biological sex. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20609. [PMID: 37996548 PMCID: PMC10667228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR)-the reduction of methionine and cysteine concentrations either in the diet or by genetic manipulation-promotes health span and extends lifespan, but its effects on physical activity remain unclear. We investigated whether age of diet initiation and biological sex could influence physical activity in mice fed either a control diet (CF, 0.86% methionine w/w) or SAAR (0.12% methionine w/w). Quadriceps femoris muscle mass is smaller in SAAR than in CF mice. Young mice fed a chronic SAAR diet at 8 weeks of age exhibited improved wire hang and running wheel activities compared to young CF mice, while aged mice showed comparable results. The effects of chronic SAAR on physical activity was mildly influenced by sex as observed in middle-aged male SAAR mice who showed minor improvements than CF males while middle-aged females displayed no discernible effects. Muscle mass is minimally affected by changes in markers of protein synthesis, autophagy and atrophy. Improvements to physical activity in young SAAR mice could be partially attributed to increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity. Furthermore, SAAR in C2C12 myotubes increased citrate synthase protein expression and enhanced succinyl dehydrogenase enzyme activity compared to CF myotubes. Overall, our data reveal that SAAR can improve mouse physical activity without compromising muscle proteostasis. This is partially due to enhanced mitochondrial activity, but the effects are influenced by age of diet initiation and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cooke
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc., 855 Route 301, Cold Spring, NY, 10516, USA
| | - Gene P Ables
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc., 855 Route 301, Cold Spring, NY, 10516, USA.
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7
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Kip P, Sluiter TJ, MacArthur MR, Tao M, Jung J, Mitchell SJ, Kooijman S, Kruit N, Gorham J, Seidman JG, Quax PHA, Aikawa M, Ozaki CK, Mitchell JR, de Vries MR. Short-term Pre-operative Methionine Restriction Induces Browning of Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Improves Vein Graft Remodeling in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.02.565269. [PMID: 37961405 PMCID: PMC10635070 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.02.565269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Short-term preoperative methionine restriction (MetR) shows promise as a translatable strategy to modulate the body's response to surgical injury. Its application, however, to improve post-interventional vascular remodeling remains underexplored. Here, we find that MetR protects from arterial intimal hyperplasia in a focal stenosis model and adverse vascular remodeling after vein graft surgery. RNA sequencing reveals that MetR enhances the brown adipose tissue phenotype in arterial perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and induces it in venous PVAT. Specifically, PPAR-α was highly upregulated in PVAT-adipocytes. Furthermore, MetR dampens the post-operative pro-inflammatory response to surgery in PVAT-macrophages in vivo and in vitro . This study shows for the first time that the detrimental effects of dysfunctional PVAT on vascular remodeling can be reversed by MetR, and identifies pathways involved in browning of PVAT. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential of short-term pre-operative MetR as a simple intervention to ameliorate vascular remodeling after vascular surgery.
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8
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Levy JL, Mirek ET, Rodriguez EM, Zalma B, Burns J, Jonsson WO, Sampath H, Staschke KA, Wek RC, Anthony TG. GCN2 is required to maintain core body temperature in mice during acute cold. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E624-E637. [PMID: 37792040 PMCID: PMC10864021 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00181.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonshivering thermogenesis in rodents requires macronutrients to fuel the generation of heat during hypothermic conditions. In this study, we examined the role of the nutrient sensing kinase, general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) in directing adaptive thermogenesis during acute cold exposure in mice. We hypothesized that GCN2 is required for adaptation to acute cold stress via activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) resulting in liver production of FGF21 and increased amino acid transport to support nonshivering thermogenesis. In alignment with our hypothesis, female and male mice lacking GCN2 failed to adequately increase energy expenditure and veered into torpor. Mice administered a small molecule inhibitor of GCN2 were also profoundly intolerant to acute cold stress. Gcn2 deletion also impeded liver-derived FGF21 but in males only. Within the brown adipose tissue (BAT), acute cold exposure increased ISR activation and its transcriptional execution in males and females. RNA sequencing in BAT identified transcripts that encode actomyosin mechanics and transmembrane transport as requiring GCN2 during cold exposure. These transcripts included class II myosin heavy chain and amino acid transporters, critical for maximal thermogenesis during cold stress. Importantly, Gcn2 deletion corresponded with higher circulating amino acids and lower intracellular amino acids in the BAT during cold stress. In conclusion, we identify a sex-independent role for GCN2 activation to support adaptive thermogenesis via uptake of amino acids into brown adipose.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This paper details the discovery that GCN2 activation is required in both male and female mice to maintain core body temperature during acute cold exposure. The results point to a novel role for GCN2 in supporting adaptive thermogenesis via amino acid transport and actomyosin mechanics in brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Levy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Emily T Mirek
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Esther M Rodriguez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Brian Zalma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Jeffrey Burns
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - William O Jonsson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Harini Sampath
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Kirk A Staschke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Ronald C Wek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Tracy G Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
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9
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Jonsson WO, Borowik AK, Pranay A, Kinter MT, Mirek ET, Levy JL, Snyder EM, Miller BF, Anthony TG. Kinetic proteomics identifies targeted changes in liver metabolism and the ribo-interactome by dietary sulfur amino acid restriction. GeroScience 2023; 45:2425-2441. [PMID: 36976488 PMCID: PMC10651627 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00758-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) protects against diet-induced obesity, extends healthspan, and coincides with an overall reduction in hepatic protein synthesis. To explore the underpinnings of SAAR-induced slowed growth and its impact on liver metabolism and proteostasis, we resolved changes in hepatic mRNA and protein abundances and compared synthesis rates of individual liver proteins. To achieve this, adult male mice were provided deuterium-labeled drinking water while freely consuming either a regular-fat or high-fat diet that was SAA restricted. Livers from these mice and their respective dietary controls were used to conduct transcriptomic, proteomic, and kinetic proteomic analyses. We found that remodeling of the transcriptome by SAAR was largely agnostic to dietary fat content. Shared signatures included activation of the integrated stress response alongside alterations in metabolic processes impacting lipids, fatty acids, and amino acids. Changes to the proteome correlated poorly with the transcriptome, and yet, functional clustering of kinetic proteomic changes in the liver during SAAR revealed that the management of fatty acids and amino acids were altered to support central metabolism and redox balance. Dietary SAAR also strongly influenced the synthesis rates of ribosomal proteins and ribosome-interacting proteins regardless of dietary fat. Taken together, dietary SAAR alters the transcriptome and proteome in the liver to safely manage increased fatty acid flux and energy use and couples this with targeted changes in the ribo-interactome to support proteostasis and slowed growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- William O Jonsson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road - Foran Hall, Room 166, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Agnieszka K Borowik
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Atul Pranay
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael T Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Emily T Mirek
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road - Foran Hall, Room 166, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Jordan L Levy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road - Foran Hall, Room 166, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Snyder
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma City VA, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tracy G Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road - Foran Hall, Room 166, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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10
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MacArthur MR, Mitchell SJ. Sex differences in healthspan and lifespan responses to geroprotective dietary interventions in preclinical models. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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11
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Baghdadi M, Nespital T, Mesaros A, Buschbaum S, Withers DJ, Grönke S, Partridge L. Reduced insulin signaling in neurons induces sex-specific health benefits. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade8137. [PMID: 36812323 PMCID: PMC9946356 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reduced activity of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) extends health and life span in mammals. Loss of the insulin receptor substrate 1 (Irs1) gene increases survival in mice and causes tissue-specific changes in gene expression. However, the tissues underlying IIS-mediated longevity are currently unknown. Here, we measured survival and health span in mice lacking IRS1 specifically in liver, muscle, fat, and brain. Tissue-specific loss of IRS1 did not increase survival, suggesting that lack of IRS1 in more than one tissue is required for life-span extension. Loss of IRS1 in liver, muscle, and fat did not improve health. In contrast, loss of neuronal IRS1 increased energy expenditure, locomotion, and insulin sensitivity, specifically in old males. Neuronal loss of IRS1 also caused male-specific mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of Atf4, and metabolic adaptations consistent with an activated integrated stress response at old age. Thus, we identified a male-specific brain signature of aging in response to reduced IIS associated with improved health at old age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tobias Nespital
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Mesaros
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Dominic J. Withers
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | | | - Linda Partridge
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
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12
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Xi Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Liu Q, Chen X, Liu X, Grune T, Shi L, Hou M, Liu Z. Effects of methionine intake on cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment patients and APP/PS1 Alzheimer's Disease model mice: Role of the cystathionine-β-synthase/H 2S pathway. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102595. [PMID: 36608589 PMCID: PMC9813720 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As a dietary intervention, methionine restriction (MR) has been reported to increase longevity and improve metabolism disorders. However, the effects of MR on alleviating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are largely unexplored. Here we sought to investigate the neuroprotective effects of low methionine intake in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients and APP/PS1 AD model mice, and to uncover the underlying mechanisms. In a cohort composed of 45 individuals diagnosed with MCI and 61 healthy controls without cognitive impairment, methionine intake was found to be positively associated with the increased risk of MCI, where no sex differences were observed. We further conducted a 16-week MR intervention (0.17% methionine, w/w) on APP/PS1 AD model mice. Although MR reduced Aβ accumulation in the brain of both male and female APP/PS1 mice, MR improved cognitive function only in male mice, as assessed by the Morris water maze test. Consistently, MR restored synapse ultrastructure and alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain of male APP/PS1 mice. Importantly, MR effectively balanced the redox status and activated cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS)/H2S pathway in the brain of male APP/PS1 mice. Together, our study indicated that lower dietary methionine intake is associated with improved cognitive function, in which CBS/H2S pathway plays an essential role. MR could be a promising nutritional intervention for preventing AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Xi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Lin Shi
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Min Hou
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
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13
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Protein preference and elevated plasma FGF21 induced by dietary protein restriction is similar in both male and female mice. Physiol Behav 2022; 257:113994. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Zhang Y, Jelleschitz J, Grune T, Chen W, Zhao Y, Jia M, Wang Y, Liu Z, Höhn A. Methionine restriction - Association with redox homeostasis and implications on aging and diseases. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102464. [PMID: 36152485 PMCID: PMC9508608 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine is an essential amino acid, involved in the promotion of growth, immunity, and regulation of energy metabolism. Over the decades, research has long focused on the beneficial effects of methionine supplementation, while data on positive effects of methionine restriction (MR) were first published in 1993. MR is a low-methionine dietary intervention that has been reported to ameliorate aging and aging-related health concomitants and diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cognitive disorders. In addition, MR seems to be an approach to prolong lifespan which has been validated extensively in various animal models, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, yeast, and murine models. MR appears to be associated with a reduction in oxidative stress via so far mainly undiscovered mechanisms, and these changes in redox status appear to be one of the underlying mechanisms for lifespan extension and beneficial health effects. In the present review, the association of methionine metabolism pathways with redox homeostasis is described. In addition, the effects of MR on lifespan, age-related implications, comorbidities, and diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Julia Jelleschitz
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany; NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; Institute of Nutrition, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Weixuan Chen
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yihang Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mengzhen Jia
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Annika Höhn
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany.
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15
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Martinez W, Zhang Q, Linden MA, Schacher N, Darvish S, Mirek ET, Levy JL, Jonsson WO, Anthony TG, Hamilton KL. Rates of protein synthesis are maintained in brain but reduced in skeletal muscle during dietary sulfur amino acid restriction. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:975129. [PMID: 36091469 PMCID: PMC9450999 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.975129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary interventions such as sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) target multiple drivers of aging, and show promise for preventing or delaying the onset of chronic diseases. SAAR promotes metabolic health and longevity in laboratory animals. The effects of SAAR on proteostasis remain relatively unexplored. We previously reported that SAAR promotes mitochondrial proteostatic maintenance, despite suppression of global protein synthesis, in two peripheral tissues, the liver and skeletal muscle. However, the brain, a tissue vulnerable to age-related neurodegenerative diseases due to the loss of proteostasis, has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, we sought to reveal proteostatic responses in the brains of mice fed SAAR for 35 days. Here, we demonstrate that male C57Bl/6J mice fed two levels of SAAR maintained rates of protein synthesis in all sub-cellular fractions of the pre-frontal cortex. In comparison, rates of skeletal muscle protein synthesis in SAAR fed mice were slower than control-fed mice. To gain mechanistic insight, we examined several key nutrient/energy sensitive signaling proteins: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2), and ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6). SAAR had minimal to modest effects on the total abundance and phosphorylation of these proteins in both tissues. Our results indicate that the pre-frontal cortex in brain is resistant to perturbations in protein synthesis in mice fed SAAR, unlike skeletal muscle, which had a reduction in global protein synthesis. The results from this study demonstrate that proteostatic control in brain is of higher priority than skeletal muscle during dietary SAAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenceslao Martinez
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Melissa A. Linden
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Nate Schacher
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sanna Darvish
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Emily T. Mirek
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NB, United States
| | - Jordan L. Levy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NB, United States
| | - William O. Jonsson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NB, United States
| | - Tracy G. Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NB, United States
| | - Karyn L. Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States,Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States,*Correspondence: Karyn L. Hamilton,
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16
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Fang H, Stone KP, Wanders D, Forney LA, Gettys TW. The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Dietary Methionine Restriction. Annu Rev Nutr 2022; 42:201-226. [PMID: 35588443 PMCID: PMC9936953 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-062320-111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The original description of dietary methionine restriction (MR) used semipurified diets to limit methionine intake to 20% of normal levels, and this reduction in dietary methionine increased longevity by ∼30% in rats. The MR diet also produces paradoxical increases in energy intake and expenditure and limits fat deposition while reducing tissue and circulating lipids and enhancing overall insulin sensitivity. In the years following the original 1993 report, a comprehensive effort has been made to understand the nutrient sensing and signaling systems linking reduced dietary methionine to the behavioral, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional components of the response. Recent work has shown that transcriptional activation of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key event linking the MR diet to many but not all components of its metabolic phenotype. These findings raise the interesting possibility of developing therapeutic, MR-based diets that produce the beneficial effects of FGF21 by nutritionally modulating its transcription and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fang
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA;
| | - Kirsten P Stone
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA;
| | - Desiree Wanders
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Laura A Forney
- Department of Kinesiology, Houston Baptist University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas W Gettys
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA;
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17
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Multiomics assessment of dietary protein titration reveals altered hepatic glucose utilization. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111187. [PMID: 35977507 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein restriction (PR) has rapid effects on metabolism including improved glucose and lipid homeostasis, via multiple mechanisms. Here, we investigate responses of fecal microbiome, hepatic transcriptome, and hepatic metabolome to six diets with protein from 18% to 0% of energy in mice. PR alters fecal microbial composition, but metabolic effects are not transferable via fecal transplantation. Hepatic transcriptome and metabolome are significantly altered in diets with lower than 10% energy from protein. Changes upon PR correlate with calorie restriction but with a larger magnitude and specific changes in amino acid (AA) metabolism. PR increases steady-state aspartate, serine, and glutamate and decreases glucose and gluconeogenic intermediates. 13C6 glucose and glycerol tracing reveal increased fractional enrichment in aspartate, serine, and glutamate. Changes remain intact in hepatic ATF4 knockout mice. Together, this demonstrates an ATF4-independent shift in gluconeogenic substrate utilization toward specific AAs, with compensation from glycerol to promote a protein-sparing response.
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18
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Hine C, Treviño-Villarreal JH, Mejia P, Longchamp A, Brace LE, Harputlugil E, Mitchell SJ, Yang J, Guan Y, Maciejewski JP, Jha BK, Mitchell JR. Sulfur Amino Acid Supplementation Abrogates Protective Effects of Caloric Restriction for Enhancing Bone Marrow Regrowth Following Ionizing Radiation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071529. [PMID: 35406143 PMCID: PMC9002760 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy damages and depletes total bone marrow (BM) cellularity, compromising safety and limiting effective dosing. Aging also strains total BM and BM hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) renewal and function, resulting in multi-system defects. Interventions that preserve BM and BM HSPC homeostasis thus have potential clinical significance. Here, we report that 50% calorie restriction (CR) for 7-days or fasting for 3-days prior to irradiation improved mouse BM regrowth in the days and weeks post irradiation. Specifically, one week of 50% CR ameliorated loss of total BM cellularity post irradiation compared to ad libitum-fed controls. CR-mediated BM protection was abrogated by dietary sulfur amino acid (i.e., cysteine, methionine) supplementation or pharmacological inhibition of sulfur amino acid metabolizing and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) producing enzymes. Up to 2-fold increased proliferative capacity of ex vivo-irradiated BM isolated from food restricted mice relative to control mice indicates cell autonomy of the protective effect. Pretreatment with H2S in vitro was sufficient to preserve proliferative capacity by over 50% compared to non-treated cells in ex vivo-irradiated BM and BM HSPCs. The exogenous addition of H2S inhibited Ten eleven translocation 2 (TET2) activity in vitro, thus providing a potential mechanism of action. Short-term CR or fasting therefore offers BM radioprotection and promotes regrowth in part via altered sulfur amino acid metabolism and H2S generation, with translational implications for radiation treatment and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hine
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Molecular Metabolism (Formally Genetics and Complex Diseases), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.H.T.-V.) (P.M.); (A.L.); (L.E.B.); (E.H.); (S.J.M.); (J.R.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - J. Humberto Treviño-Villarreal
- Department of Molecular Metabolism (Formally Genetics and Complex Diseases), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.H.T.-V.) (P.M.); (A.L.); (L.E.B.); (E.H.); (S.J.M.); (J.R.M.)
- Service of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey N.L. 64460, Mexico
| | - Pedro Mejia
- Department of Molecular Metabolism (Formally Genetics and Complex Diseases), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.H.T.-V.) (P.M.); (A.L.); (L.E.B.); (E.H.); (S.J.M.); (J.R.M.)
| | - Alban Longchamp
- Department of Molecular Metabolism (Formally Genetics and Complex Diseases), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.H.T.-V.) (P.M.); (A.L.); (L.E.B.); (E.H.); (S.J.M.); (J.R.M.)
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lear E. Brace
- Department of Molecular Metabolism (Formally Genetics and Complex Diseases), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.H.T.-V.) (P.M.); (A.L.); (L.E.B.); (E.H.); (S.J.M.); (J.R.M.)
| | - Eylul Harputlugil
- Department of Molecular Metabolism (Formally Genetics and Complex Diseases), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.H.T.-V.) (P.M.); (A.L.); (L.E.B.); (E.H.); (S.J.M.); (J.R.M.)
| | - Sarah J. Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Metabolism (Formally Genetics and Complex Diseases), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.H.T.-V.) (P.M.); (A.L.); (L.E.B.); (E.H.); (S.J.M.); (J.R.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Yihong Guan
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (Y.G.); (J.P.M.); (B.K.J.)
| | - Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (Y.G.); (J.P.M.); (B.K.J.)
| | - Babal K. Jha
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (Y.G.); (J.P.M.); (B.K.J.)
| | - James R. Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Metabolism (Formally Genetics and Complex Diseases), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.H.T.-V.) (P.M.); (A.L.); (L.E.B.); (E.H.); (S.J.M.); (J.R.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Metabolic benefits of methionine restriction in adult mice do not require functional methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA). Sci Rep 2022; 12:5073. [PMID: 35332198 PMCID: PMC8948287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) extends lifespan and improves several markers of health in rodents. However, the proximate mechanisms of MR on these physiological benefits have not been fully elucidated. The essential amino acid methionine plays numerous biological roles and limiting its availability in the diet directly modulates methionine metabolism. There is growing evidence that redox regulation of methionine has regulatory control on some aspects of cellular function but interactions with MR remain largely unexplored. We tested the functional role of the ubiquitously expressed methionine repair enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) on the metabolic benefits of MR in mice. MsrA catalytically reduces both free and protein-bound oxidized methionine, thus playing a key role in its redox state. We tested the extent to which MsrA is required for metabolic effects of MR in adult mice using mice lacking MsrA. As expected, MR in control mice reduced body weight, altered body composition, and improved glucose metabolism. Interestingly, lack of MsrA did not impair the metabolic effects of MR on these outcomes. Moreover, females had blunted MR responses regardless of MsrA status compared to males. Overall, our data suggests that MsrA is not required for the metabolic benefits of MR in adult mice.
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20
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Torres F, Khan S, Fernandez-Kim SO, Spann R, Albarado D, Wagner TJ, Morrison CD, Soto PL. Dynamic effects of dietary protein restriction on body weights, food consumption, and protein preference in C57BL/6J and Fgf21-KO mice. J Exp Anal Behav 2022; 117:346-362. [PMID: 35275426 PMCID: PMC9090982 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Single-case experimental designs (SCEDs) are rarely used in behavioral neuroscience despite their potential benefits. The current study used a SCED to evaluate the effects of dietary protein restriction in C57BL/6J and Fgf21-knockout (KO) mice on body weight, food consumption, and protein preference and changes in those outcome measures were quantified using multilevel linear models. In C57BL/6J mice, rate of weight gain was lower and food consumption and protein preference higher during periods of low (4% kcal) protein diet feeding compared to periods of normal (18% kcal) protein diet feeding. In Fgf21-KO mice, who do not produce the liver-derived hormone FGF21, rate of weight gain and protein preference were not substantially affected by diet although food consumption was slightly higher during periods of low protein diet than periods of normal protein diet. These results demonstrate that protein restriction dynamically regulates physiological and behavioral responses at the individual mouse level and that FGF21 is necessary for those responses. Further, the current results demonstrate how a SCED can be used in behavioral neuroscience research, which entails both scientific and practical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Torres
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University.,Pennington Biomedical Research Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas J Wagner
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University.,Pennington Biomedical Research Center
| | | | - Paul L Soto
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University.,Pennington Biomedical Research Center
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21
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Rome FI, Hughey CC. Disrupted Liver Oxidative Metabolism in Glycine N-Methyltransferase-Deficient Mice is Mitigated by Dietary Methionine Restriction. Mol Metab 2022; 58:101452. [PMID: 35121169 PMCID: PMC8866067 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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22
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Hepatic Nfe2l2 Is Not an Essential Mediator of the Metabolic Phenotype Produced by Dietary Methionine Restriction. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061788. [PMID: 34073838 PMCID: PMC8225036 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal sensing of dietary methionine restriction (MR) occurs in the liver, where it activates multiple transcriptional programs that mediate various biological components of the response. Hepatic Fgf21 is a key target and essential endocrine mediator of the metabolic phenotype produced by dietary MR. The transcription factor, Nfe2l2, is also activated by MR and functions in tandem with hepatic Atf4 to transactivate multiple, antioxidative components of the integrated stress response. However, it is unclear whether the transcriptional responses linked to Nfe2l2 activation by dietary MR are essential to the biological efficacy of the diet. Using mice with liver-specific deletion of Nfe2l2 (Nfe2l2fl/(Alb)) and their floxed littermates (Nfe2l2fl/fl) fed either Control or MR diets, the absence of hepatic Nfe2l2 had no effect on the ability of the MR diet to increase FGF21, reduce body weight and adiposity, and increase energy expenditure. Moreover, the primary elements of the hepatic transcriptome were similarly affected by MR in both genotypes, with the only major differences occurring in induction of the P450-associated drug metabolism pathway and the pentose glucuronate interconversion pathway. The biological significance of these pathways is uncertain but we conclude that hepatic Nfe2l2 is not essential in mediating the metabolic effects of dietary MR.
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Fang H, Stone KP, Forney LA, Sims LC, Gutierrez GC, Ghosh S, Gettys TW. Implementation of dietary methionine restriction using casein after selective, oxidative deletion of methionine. iScience 2021; 24:102470. [PMID: 34113817 PMCID: PMC8169944 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction (MR) is normally implemented using diets formulated from elemental amino acids (AA) that reduce methionine content to ∼0.17%. However, translational implementation of MR with elemental AA-based diets is intractable due to poor palatability. To solve this problem and restrict methionine using intact proteins, casein was subjected to mild oxidation to selectively reduce methionine. Diets were then formulated using oxidized casein, adding back methionine to produce a final concentration of 0.17%. The biological efficacy of dietary MR using the oxidized casein (Ox Cas) diet was compared with the standard elemental MR diet in terms of the behavioral, metabolic, endocrine, and transcriptional responses to the four diets. The Ox Cas MR diet faithfully reproduced the expected physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional responses in liver and inguinal white adipose tissue. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that dietary MR can be effectively implemented using casein after selective oxidative reduction of methionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fang
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Kirsten P. Stone
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Laura A. Forney
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Landon C. Sims
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Gabriela C. Gutierrez
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas W. Gettys
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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Stone KP, Ghosh S, Kovalik JP, Orgeron M, Wanders D, Sims LC, Gettys TW. The acute transcriptional responses to dietary methionine restriction are triggered by inhibition of ternary complex formation and linked to Erk1/2, mTOR, and ATF4. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3765. [PMID: 33580171 PMCID: PMC7880992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial sensing of dietary methionine restriction (MR) occurs in the liver where it activates an integrated stress response (ISR) that quickly reduces methionine utilization. The ISR program is regulated in part by ATF4, but ATF4's prototypical upstream regulator, eIF2α, is not acutely activated by MR. Bioinformatic analysis of RNAseq and metabolomics data from liver samples harvested 3 h and 6 h after initiating MR shows that general translation is inhibited at the level of ternary complex formation by an acute 50% reduction of hepatic methionine that limits formation of initiator methionine tRNA. The resulting ISR is induced by selective expression of ATF4 target genes that mediate adaptation to reduced methionine intake and return hepatic methionine to control levels within 4 days of starting the diet. Complementary in vitro experiments in HepG2 cells after knockdown of ATF4, or inhibition of mTOR or Erk1/2 support the conclusion that the early induction of genes by MR is partially dependent on ATF4 and regulated by both mTOR and Erk1/2. Taken together, these data show that initiation of dietary MR induces an mTOR- and Erk1/2-dependent stress response that is linked to ATF4 by the sharp, initial drop in hepatic methionine and resulting repression of translation pre-initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten P Stone
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean Paul Kovalik
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manda Orgeron
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Desiree Wanders
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Landon C Sims
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Thomas W Gettys
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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Spann RA, Morrison CD, den Hartigh LJ. The Nuanced Metabolic Functions of Endogenous FGF21 Depend on the Nature of the Stimulus, Tissue Source, and Experimental Model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:802541. [PMID: 35046901 PMCID: PMC8761941 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.802541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone that is involved in the regulation of lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism. Pharmacological FGF21 administration promotes weight loss and improves insulin sensitivity in rodents, non-human primates, and humans. However, pharmacologic effects of FGF21 likely differ from its physiological effects. Endogenous FGF21 is produced by many cell types, including hepatocytes, white and brown adipocytes, skeletal and cardiac myocytes, and pancreatic beta cells, and acts on a diverse array of effector tissues such as the brain, white and brown adipose tissue, heart, and skeletal muscle. Different receptor expression patterns dictate FGF21 function in these target tissues, with the primary effect to coordinate responses to nutritional stress. Moreover, different nutritional stimuli tend to promote FGF21 expression from different tissues; i.e., fasting induces hepatic-derived FGF21, while feeding promotes white adipocyte-derived FGF21. Target tissue effects of FGF21 also depend on its capacity to enter the systemic circulation, which varies widely from known FGF21 tissue sources in response to various stimuli. Due to its association with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the metabolic effects of endogenously produced FGF21 during the pathogenesis of these conditions are not well known. In this review, we will highlight what is known about endogenous tissue-specific FGF21 expression and organ cross-talk that dictate its diverse physiological functions, with particular attention given to FGF21 responses to nutritional stress. The importance of the particular experimental design, cellular and animal models, and nutritional status in deciphering the diverse metabolic functions of endogenous FGF21 cannot be overstated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redin A. Spann
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Christopher D. Morrison
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Laura J. den Hartigh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Laura J. den Hartigh,
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