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Roth-Walter F, Berni Canani R, O'Mahony L, Peroni D, Sokolowska M, Vassilopoulou E, Venter C. Nutrition in chronic inflammatory conditions: Bypassing the mucosal block for micronutrients. Allergy 2024; 79:353-383. [PMID: 38084827 DOI: 10.1111/all.15972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Nutritional Immunity is one of the most ancient innate immune responses, during which the body can restrict nutrients availability to pathogens and restricts their uptake by the gut mucosa (mucosal block). Though this can be a beneficial strategy during infection, it also is associated with non-communicable diseases-where the pathogen is missing; leading to increased morbidity and mortality as micronutritional uptake and distribution in the body is hindered. Here, we discuss the acute immune response in respect to nutrients, the opposing nutritional demands of regulatory and inflammatory cells and particularly focus on some nutrients linked with inflammation such as iron, vitamins A, Bs, C, and other antioxidants. We propose that while the absorption of certain micronutrients is hindered during inflammation, the dietary lymph path remains available. As such, several clinical trials investigated the role of the lymphatic system during protein absorption, following a ketogenic diet and an increased intake of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, in reducing inflammation and ameliorating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science and ImmunoNutritionLab at CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine, School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Diego Peroni
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Emilia Vassilopoulou
- Pediatric Area, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Carina Venter
- Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Xu J, Li H. Association between dietary antioxidants intake and childhood eczema: results from the NHANES database. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:12. [PMID: 38238860 PMCID: PMC10797884 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High dietary intake of antioxidants reduces the risk of allergic sensitization in children. However, there was no sufficient evidence for the effect of dietary antioxidants intake on childhood eczema. Herein, this study aimed to explore the roles of different dietary antioxidants in childhood eczema. METHODS Data of 2305 children and adolescents aged < 18 years old were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database in 2005-2006 in this cross-sectional study. The associations between dietary antioxidants intake and childhood eczema were explored using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, with odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses based on age and gender were also performed. RESULTS A total of 268 (11.6%) children had eczema. After adjusting for covariates, we found no significant associations between dietary intake of β-carotene, vitamin C, selenium (Se), and retinol and childhood eczema. However, compared with children and adolescents whose dietary zinc (Zn) intake < 7.47 mg, those who had dietary Zn intake level ≥ 11.83 mg seemed to have lower odds of eczema [OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.28-0.73]. In addition, subgroup analysis showed that especially in children and adolescents aged 1-11 years old, whatever the gender, a higher dietary intake level of Zn may benefit childhood eczema (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION We concluded dietary Zn intake was negatively associated with childhood eczema. Further studies are needed to explore the roles of dietary antioxidants intake in childhood eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongxin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
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Suri DJ, Sombié OO, Zeba AN, Nama GM, Bekele TH, Woldeyohannes M, van Stuijvenberg ME, Dhansay MA, Urio EM, Loechl CU, Gannon BM, Davis CR, Grahn M, Suchdev PS, Tanumihardjo SA. Association between Biomarkers of Inflammation and Total Liver Vitamin A Reserves Estimated by 13C-Retinol Isotope Dilution among Preschool Children in 5 African Countries. J Nutr 2023; 153:622-635. [PMID: 36931745 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A (VA) assessment is important for targeting public health programs. Retinol isotope dilution (RID) is a sensitive method to estimate total body VA stores (TBSs) and total liver reserves (TLRs), but the impact of subclinical inflammation on RID is unclear. OBJECTIVE We determined the association between TBSs and TLRs, estimated by RID, and inflammation among preschool children without clinical infection in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, South Africa, and Tanzania. METHODS Five studies (n = 532; 47.9 ± 8.3 mo; 49.0% male) included 13C-RID and measurement of inflammation markers, CRP, and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). Spearman correlations were used to evaluate TBSs and TLRs with inflammation biomarkers. Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare TBSs and TLRs by inflammation categories [normal vs. elevated CRP (>5 mg/L) or AGP (>1 g/L)] and inflammation stage [reference, incubation (elevated CRP), early convalescence (elevated CRP and AGP), and late convalescence (elevated AGP)]. RESULTS Complete data were available for 439 children. Median (Q1, Q3) TLRs ranged from 0.12 (0.07, 0.18) μmol/g in Ethiopia to 1.10 (0.88, 1.38) μmol/g in South Africa. Elevated CRP ranged from 4% in Burkina Faso to 42% in Cameroon, and elevated AGP from 20% in Tanzania to 58% in Cameroon. Pooled analysis (excluding Cameroon) showed a negative correlation between TBSs and AGP (ρ = -0.131, P = 0.01). Children with elevated AGP had higher probability of having lower TBSs (probability = 0.61, P = 0.002). TBSs differed among infection stages (P = 0.020). Correlations between TLRs and CRP or AGP were not significant. CONCLUSIONS No indication of systematic bias in RID-estimated TLRs was found due to subclinical inflammation among preschool children. The inverse relationship between TBSs and AGP may reflect decreased stores after infection or an effect of inflammation on isotope partitioning. Further research should investigate potential confounding variables to improve TBS-estimate validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika J Suri
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Olivier O Sombié
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Augustin N Zeba
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | - Martha E van Stuijvenberg
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, South Africa; Division of Human Nutrition, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Muhammad A Dhansay
- Division of Human Nutrition, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | | | - Cornelia U Loechl
- Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bryan M Gannon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christopher R Davis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael Grahn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Peroni DG, Hufnagl K, Comberiati P, Roth-Walter F. Lack of iron, zinc, and vitamins as a contributor to the etiology of atopic diseases. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1032481. [PMID: 36698466 PMCID: PMC9869175 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1032481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Micronutritional deficiencies are common in atopic children suffering from atopic dermatitis, food allergy, rhinitis, and asthma. A lack of iron, in particular, may impact immune activation with prolonged deficiencies of iron, zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin D associated with a Th2 signature, maturation of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), and the generation of IgE antibodies. In contrast, the sufficiency of these micronutrients establishes immune resilience, promotion of regulatory cells, and tolerance induction. As micronutritional deficiencies mimic an infection, the body's innate response is to limit access to these nutrients and also impede their dietary uptake. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the physiological function of iron, zinc, and vitamins A and D in relation to immune cells and the clinical consequences of deficiencies in these important nutrients, especially in the perinatal period. Improved dietary uptake of iron is achieved by vitamin C, vitamin A, and whey compounds, whereas zinc bioavailability improves through citrates and proteins. The addition of oil is essential for the dietary uptake of beta-carotene and vitamin D. As for vitamin D, the major source comes via sun exposure and only a small amount is consumed via diet, which should be factored into clinical nutritional studies. We summarize the prevalence of micronutritional deficiencies of iron, zinc, and vitamins in the pediatric population as well as nutritional intervention studies on atopic diseases with whole food, food components, and micronutrients. Dietary uptake via the lymphatic route seems promising and is associated with a lower atopy risk and symptom amelioration. This review provides useful information for clinical studies and concludes/emphasizes that a healthy, varied diet containing dairy products, fish, nuts, fruits, and vegetables as well as supplementing foods or supplementation with micronutrients as needed is essential to combat the atopic march.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego G. Peroni
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Karin Hufnagl
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pasquale Comberiati
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Franziska Roth-Walter, ;
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Zeng J, Li Y, Ren Y, Gu W, Li Z, Yang M, Xiang B. Dietary vitamin A intakes of chinese children with adequate liver stores as assessed by the retinol isotope dilution technique. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:599. [PMID: 36253851 PMCID: PMC9575266 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We attempted to estimate dietary vitamin A requirements based on dietary vitamin A intake in well-nourished Chinese children with adequate liver vitamin A reserves. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a kindergarten and an elementary school in Shiyan city, Hubei province of China from December 2009 to July 2010. After screening, 60 children (22 aged 4 ~ 6 y and 38 aged 7 ~ 9 y) were randomly subjected to a 3-d or 18-d deuterated-retinol-dilution (DRD) procedure to evaluate the vitamin A reserves in the body and liver. Dietary intakes of vitamin A were estimated from two (one in winter and one in summer) consecutive 3-day weighed food records and dietary recalls. RESULTS The dietary vitamin A intakes were significantly correlated with vitamin A stores in the body and liver, but not with the serum level of retinol. The dietary vitamin A intakes were 476.9 ± 196.7 µg retinol equivalent (RE) (or 377.7 ± 166.2 µg retinol activity equivalent (RAE)) / day for 4 ~ 6 y children and 529.1 ± 87.2 µg RE/d (or 464.0 ± 81.1 µg RAE/d) for 7 ~ 9 y children with adequate liver vitamin A reserves. The estimated liver stores of vitamin A derived from both time points (3-d and 18-d) were similar. CONCLUSION Adequate dietary vitamin A intakes among the well-nourished Chinese children were estimated to be 477 µg RE/d (95%CI 385 ~ 570) or 378 µg RAE/d (95%CI 304 ~ 441) for 4 ~ 6 y children and 529 µg RE/d (95%CI 500 ~ 560) or 464 µg RAE/d (95%CI 437 ~ 491) for 7 ~ 9 y children. Although it needs to be verified in a larger population of different regions in China, our results provide important data to establish the dietary requirement of vitamin A specifically for Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430065, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yanming Li
- grid.412787.f0000 0000 9868 173XSchool of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430065 Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Yan Ren
- grid.412787.f0000 0000 9868 173XSchool of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430065 Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Weiwei Gu
- Shiyan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 442000 Shiyan, Hubei China
| | - Zhaolin Li
- Shiyan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 442000 Shiyan, Hubei China
| | - Mei Yang
- grid.412787.f0000 0000 9868 173XResearch Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430065 Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Bing Xiang
- grid.412787.f0000 0000 9868 173XResearch Center for Health Promotion in Women, Youth and Children, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430065 Wuhan, Hubei China
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Sheftel J, Smith JB, Tanumihardjo SA. Time Since Dose and Dietary Vitamin A Intake Affect Tracer Mixing in the 13C-Retinol Isotope Dilution Test in Male Rats. J Nutr 2022; 152:1582-1591. [PMID: 35259277 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinol isotope dilution (RID) estimates total liver vitamin A reserves (TLRs), the gold-standard vitamin A (VA) biomarker. RID equation assumptions are based on limited data. OBJECTIVES We measured the impact of tracer choice, mixing period, and VA intake on tracer mixing [ratio of tracer enrichment in serum to that in liver stores (S)] in VA-deficient, -adequate, and hypervitaminotic rats. METHODS Study 1 was a 3 × 2 × 3 design (18 groups, n = 5/group). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (21 d old) received 50, 100, or 3500 nmol VA/d for 21 d, were administered 52 nmol 13C2- or 13C10-retinyl acetate orally, and killed 5, 10, or 15 d later. Unlabeled VA (50 nmol/d) was given on days 11-14. Study 2 used 100 nmol VA/d for 21 d with 3 groups (n = 6-7): 52 nmol 13C2- or 13C10-retinyl acetate and 100 nmol VA/d throughout 14-d mixing, or 13C2-retinyl acetate without VA. Repeated-measures, 1-factor, and 3-factor ANOVAs were used for analysis. RESULTS Mean ± SD TLRs (μmol/g liver) reflected intake: 0.11 ± 0.04 (50 nmol VA/d), 0.16 ± 0.04 (100 nmol VA/d), and 5.07 ± 1.58 (3500 nmol VA/d) in Study 1 and 0.24 ± 0.08 (100 nmol VA/d) in Study 2. In Study 1, mean ± SD S was 1.65 ± 0.26 (5 d), 1.16 ± 0.09 (10 d), and 0.92 ± 0.08 (15 d). The interactions tracer*VA intake and time*VA intake were significant between days 10 and 15 (P < 0.05). In Study 2, mean ± SD S was 1.07 ± 0.02 without VA during mixing, and 0.81 ± 0.04 (13C2) and 0.79 ± 0.03 (13C10) with VA intake throughout. Estimated:measured TLRs varied by VA intake and time in Study 1 but not between groups in Study 2. CONCLUSIONS The 13C-content effect on RID through S is inconsistent. S is highly variable at 5 d, contraindicating early-time point RID. VA intake effects on S vary with timing and quantity. Assuming S = 0.8 at 14 d with consistent VA intake in human studies is likely appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Sheftel
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jordan B Smith
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Green MH, Green JB. The Use of Datasets for Theoretical Subjects to Validate Vitamin A-Related Methods and Experimental Designs. J Nutr 2022; 152:707-713. [PMID: 34967904 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We review recent work in which model-based compartmental analysis has been applied to data for theoretical human subjects in order to study questions related to vitamin A kinetics and metabolism. Using model simulations in this way, one can validate experimental designs, evaluate or improve vitamin A assessment methods, study the influence of perturbations on assessment methods, and/or advance information related to retinol kinetics. We also provide some information on the rationale for assigning physiologically appropriate values for specified characteristics [e.g., plasma retinol concentration, vitamin A total body stores (TBS), vitamin A intake] to hypothetical individuals, and in addition, we outline how one might first select an appropriate compartmental model for whole-body vitamin A metabolism and then specify physiologically reasonable values for the associated retinol kinetic parameters. In the studies discussed here, the Simulation, Analysis, and Modeling software was used to simulate responses in key model compartments for hypothetical subjects so that model predictions could be compared to assigned values or projected outcomes. For example, in the case of the retinol isotope dilution (RID) method that is used to assess vitamin A status, application of this approach has provided a way to evaluate the accuracy of TBS predictions under different steady state and non-steady state conditions, thus increasing confidence about the validity of RID results obtained in the field. Although datasets for theoretical subjects have been used to evaluate protocols in pharmacokinetics, to our knowledge, other nutrition researchers have not previously used approaches such as those described here. Our results to date indicate that this strategy has the potential to provide useful information related not only to vitamin A but perhaps to other nutrients as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Green
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Joanne Balmer Green
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Green MH, Lopez-Teros V, Green JB. Does the Amount of Stable Isotope Dose Influence Retinol Kinetic Responses and Predictions of Vitamin A Total Body Stores by the Retinol Isotope Dilution Method in Theoretical Children and Adults? J Nutr 2022; 152:86-93. [PMID: 34549295 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To minimize both cost and perturbations to the vitamin A system, investigators limit the amount of stable isotope administered when estimating vitamin A total body stores (TBS) by retinol isotope dilution (RID). OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that reasonable increases in the mass of stable isotope administered to theoretical subjects would have only transient impacts on vitamin A kinetics and minimal effects on RID-predicted TBS. METHODS We adapted previously used theoretical subjects (3 children, 3 adults) with low, moderate, or high assigned TBS and applied compartmental analysis to solve a steady state model for tracer and tracee using assigned values for retinol kinetic parameters and plasma retinol. To follow retinol trafficking when increasing amounts of stable isotope were administered [1.39-7 (children) and 2.8-14 μmol retinol (adults)], we added assumptions to an established compartmental model so that plasma retinol homeostasis was maintained. Using model-simulated data, we plotted retinol kinetics versus time and applied the RID equation TBS = FaS/SAp [Fa, fraction of dose in stores; S, retinol specific activity (SA) in plasma/SA in stores; SAp, SA in plasma] to calculate vitamin A stores. RESULTS The model predicted that increasing the stable isotope dose caused transient early increases in hepatocyte total retinol; increases in plasma tracer were accompanied by decreases in tracee to maintain plasma retinol homeostasis. Despite changes in kinetic responses, RID accurately predicted assigned TBS (98-105%) at all loads for all theoretical subjects from 1 to 28 d postdosing. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that, compared with doses of 1.4-3.5 μmol used in recent RID field studies, doubling the stable isotope dose should not affect the accuracy of TBS predictions, thus allowing for experiments of longer duration when including a super-subject design (Ford et al., J Nutr 2020;150:411-8) and/or studying retinol kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Green
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Veronica Lopez-Teros
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Joanne Balmer Green
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Use of stable isotopes to study bioconversion and bioefficacy of provitamin A carotenoids. Methods Enzymol 2022; 670:399-422. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lopez-Teros V, Green MH, Haskell MJ, Green JB. Influence of Vitamin A Status on the Choice of Sampling Time for Application of the Retinol Isotope Dilution Method in Theoretical Children. J Nutr 2021; 151:3874-3881. [PMID: 34587254 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A status may influence the choice of a blood sampling time for applying the retinol isotope dilution (RID) equation to predict vitamin A total body stores (TBS) in children. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify time(s) after administration of labeled vitamin A that provide accurate estimates of TBS in theoretical children with low or high TBS. METHODS We postulated 2- to 5-y-old children (12/group) with low (<200 μmol) or high TBS (≥700 μmol) and used compartmental analysis to simulate individual subject values for the RID equation TBS = FaS/SAp (Fa, fraction of dose in stores; S, retinol specific activity in plasma/in stores; SAp, retinol specific activity in plasma). Using individual SAp and group geometric mean FaS values from 1-28 d, we calculated individual and group mean TBS and compared them to assigned values. RESULTS Mean TBS was accurately predicted for both groups at all times. For individuals, predicted and assigned TBS were closest when the CV% for FaS was low [12-14%; 4-13 d (low), 12-28 d (high)]. The mean percentage error for TBS was <10% from 2-19 d (low) and 7-28 d (high). Predicted TBS was within 25% of assigned TBS for ≥80% of children from 3-23 d (low) and 9-28 d (high). Within groups, RID tended to overestimate lower TBS and underestimate higher TBS. CONCLUSIONS Using a good estimate for FaS, accurate RID predictions of TBS for individuals will be obtained at many times. If vitamin A status is low, results indicate that early sampling (e.g., 4-13 d) is optimal; if vitamin A status is high, sampling at 12-28 d is indicated. When vitamin A status is unknown, sampling at 14 d is recommended, or a super-subject design can be used to obtain the group mean FaS at various times for RID prediction of TBS in individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lopez-Teros
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Michael H Green
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Marjorie J Haskell
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joanne Balmer Green
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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