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Elyasi L, Borazjani F, Ahmadi Angali K, Hosseini SA, Saki N. Dietary insulin index, dietary insulin load and dietary patterns and the risk of metabolic syndrome in Hoveyzeh Cohort Study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1968. [PMID: 38263222 PMCID: PMC10806255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52263-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Postprandial insulin secretion has been associated with metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between dietary insulin indices and dietary pattern with the risk of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The participants of the present cross-sectional study were included among the individuals who participated in the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study (HCS). A total of 3905 Iranian adults, aged 35-70 years, are included in the current analysis. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) is used to calculate the dietary Insulin Index (DII), Insulin Load (DIL), and dietary pattern. Dietary pattern was derived using Reduced-Rank Regression (RRR) based on intake of protein (g/day), fiber (g/day), fat (g/day), magnesium (mg/day), and dietary insulin index were considered as response variables. The Generalized Linear Model was used to obtain the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for MetS based on gender, while considering quartiles of DIL, DII scores, and dietary pattern, adjusted for potential confounders. The mean ± SD of age and BMI of the participants in the top quartile of DIL were 45.72 ± 8.05 years and 28.25 ± 5.02 kg/m2, respectively. The mean ± SD of DII was 40.53 ± 4.06 and the mean ± SD of DIL was 117,986.1 ± 30,714.06. A significant positive association was observed between DIL and MetS in women after adjusting for confounding factors (OR: 1.51; 95% CI 1.16; 1.96). No significant association was seen between DIL, DII, and MetS among men. A derived dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of fruits, sugar, sweet deserts, Whole Grains, and dairy was associated with an increased risk of MetS in adjusted model2 among women (OR: 1.41; 95% CI 1.13; 1.75) and men in the same model (OR: 2.09; 95% CI 1.35; 3.21).However, the final model was significant just for men (OR: 2.08; 95% CI 1.35; 3.21) and not for women (OR: 1.24; 95% CI 0.96; 1.60). Our findings showed that adherence to a diet with a high insulin load can increase the risk of MetS in women. In addition, a derived dietary pattern by RRR indicated that a diet rich in fruits, sugar, sweet deserts, whole Grains, and dairy is related to increased risk of MetS in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Elyasi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Borazjani
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Kambiz Ahmadi Angali
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Social Determinant of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nader Saki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Zhao M, Xiao M, Tan Q, Ji J, Lu F. Association between dietary omega-3 intake and coronary heart disease among American adults: The NHANES, 1999-2018. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294861. [PMID: 38117698 PMCID: PMC10732455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 has been extensively studied for its cardiovascular disease (CVD) benefits. However, the results of this evidence are inconsistent. Therefore, in this study, dietary omega-3 intake was investigated further in relation to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk among U.S. adults. METHODS We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for people ages 20 years and older between 1999 and 2018 to conduct a cross-sectional survey. The Medical Condition Questionnaire (MCQ) was used to determine CHD status. We measured dietary omega-3 intake using two 24-hour dietary recall interviews. Multivariate logistic regression and subgroup analysis were used to explore the correlation between dietary omega-3 intake and CHD. The dose-response relationship between the two was analyzed with a restricted cubic spline (RCS). RESULTS 31,184 study subjects were included, of whom 1,604 (5.14%) were patients with CHD. By quintile (Q) of dietary omega-3 intake, after adjusting for all confounding factors, compared with Q1, when total dietary omega-3, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexenoic acid (DHA) intake reached Q5, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) of CHD were 0.76 (0.60, 0.96), 0.73 (0.57, 0.94), 0.70 (0.54, 0.92), 0.66 (0.50, 0.85), 0.84 (0.69, 1.02), and 0.83 (0.64, 1.07), respectively, while EPA and DHA were not significantly associated with the disease (Trend p > 0.05). Intake of omega-3 and CHD were linearly related (P for nonlinear = 0.603). No significant interactions were found within subgroups except for the age group (P for interaction = 0.001). Sensitivity analysis and multivariate logistic regression results are generally in agreement. CONCLUSIONS Total dietary omega-3, ALA, DPA, and ETA intake were negatively associated with CHD risk. In contrast, EPA and DHA had no significant correlation with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zhao
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Mengli Xiao
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Tan
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjin Ji
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Lu
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
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Yang Y, Piao W, Cai S, Huang K, Yuan C, Cheng X, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhao L, Yu D. Comparison of data-driven identified hypertension-protective dietary patterns among Chinese adults: based on a nationwide study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2805-2825. [PMID: 37335360 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diet pattern (DP) is a key modifiable and cost-effective factor in hypertension (HTN) management. The current study aimed to identify and compare the hypertension-protective DPs among Chinese adults. METHODS 52,648 participants aged over 18 years were included from China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (CNHS) 2015-2017. Reduced rank regression (RRR) and partial least square regression (PLS) was applied to identify the DPs. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to assess the association between the DPs and HTN. RESULTS DPs derived by RRR and PLS were both featured by higher consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits, mushrooms and edible fungi, seaweeds, soybeans and related products, mixed legumes, dairy products, fresh eggs, and lower of refined grain consumption. Compared to the lowest quintile, participants in the highest quintile had lower odds of HTN (RRR-DP: OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.72-0.83; PLS-DP: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.71-0.82; all p < 0.0001). Simplified DP scores were observed the same protective tendencies (Simplified RRR-DP: OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.75-0.87; Simplified PLS-DP: OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.74-0.85; all p < 0.0001) and showed effective extrapolation in subgroups defined by gender, age, location, lifestyle, and different metabolic conditions. CONCLUSIONS The identified DPs had high conformity with East Asian dietary habits, and significantly negative associations with HTN among Chinese adults. The simplified DP technique also indicated the potential for improving the extrapolation of the results of DP analysis related to HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Yang
- Department of Nutrition Surveillance, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei Piao
- Department of Nutrition Surveillance, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shuya Cai
- Department of Nutrition Surveillance, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Nutrition Surveillance, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition Surveillance, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yuge Li
- Department of Nutrition Surveillance, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- Department of Nutrition Surveillance, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Department of Nutrition Surveillance, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Maimaitiyiming M, Yang H, Zhou L, Zhang X, Cai Q, Wang Y. Associations between an obesity-related dietary pattern and incidence of overall and site-specific cancers: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2023; 21:251. [PMID: 37424008 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02955-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A dietary pattern (DP) may impact on cancer incidence more strongly than individual foods, but this association remains uncertain. Here, we aimed to broadly explore the associations of an obesity-related DP with overall and 19 site-specific cancers. METHODS This study included 114,289 cancer-free participants with at least two dietary assessments. A total of 210 food items were classified into 47 food groups, and the mean amount of each food group was used in reduced-rank regression to derive the obesity-related DP. Cox regressions were conducted to explore the associations of the obesity-related DP with overall and 19 site-specific cancers. The parallel mediation model was constructed to quantify the mediating roles of potential mediators. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 9.4 years, 10,145 (8.9%) incident cancer cases were documented. The derived-DP was characterized by a higher intake of beer and cider, processed meat, high sugar beverages, red meat, and artificial sweetener, and a lower intake of fresh vegetables, olive oil, tea, and high fiber breakfast cereals. Observational analysis showed that a higher obesity-related DP Z-score was linearly associated with an increased risk of overall cancer (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04 per 1-SD increase, corrected P < 0.001). For site-specific cancer, positive linear associations for six cancer sites (oral, colorectal, liver, lung, endometrium, and thyroid) and nonlinear associations for six cancer sites (esophagus, malignant melanoma, prostate, kidney, bladder, and multiple myeloma) were observed. The paralleled mediation analysis suggested that the association between the obesity-related DP and overall cancer is mediated by the body mass index (BMI), the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), C-reactive protein, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS The developed obesity-related DP is strongly associated with overall and multiple cancer sites. Our findings highlight the complicated and diverse associations between an obesity-related DP and cancers and provide clues for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongxi Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihui Zhou
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Qiliang Cai
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaogang Wang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Ushula TW, Mamun A, Darssan D, Wang WYS, Williams GM, Whiting SJ, Najman JM. Dietary patterns explaining variations in blood biomarkers in young adults are associated with the 30-year predicted cardiovascular disease risks in midlife: A follow-up study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1007-1018. [PMID: 36958973 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To examine a combined effect of dietary intakes, blood lipid and insulin resistance in young adulthood on the risk of predicted CVD through midlife. METHODS AND RESULTS Data of young adults from a birth cohort study in Australia were used. Reduced rank regression (RRR) and partial least squares (PLS) methods identified dietary patterns rich in meats, refined grains, processed and fried foods, and high-fat dairy and low in whole grains and low-fat dairy from dietary intakes obtained at 21-years, and blood lipids and measures of insulin resistance measured at 30-years of age. Using standard CVD risk factors measured at 30-years of age, the Framingham Heart Study risk-prediction algorithms were used to calculate the 30-year predicted Framingham CVD risk scores. The scores represent Hard CVD events; coronary death, myocardial infarction and stroke and Full CVD events; Hard CVD plus coronary insufficiency and angina pectoris, transient ischaemic attack, intermittent claudication, and congestive heart failure in midlife. Sex-specific upper quartiles of CVD risk scores were used to define high-risk groups. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) with 95% CI. Greater adherence to the diet identified applying RRR in young adulthood was associated with higher risks of predicted Hard CVD (RR: 1.60; 1.14, 2.25) and Full CVD (RR: 1.46; 1.04, 2.05) events in midlife. The diet from PLS showed similar trend of association for the risk of predicted Hard CVD events (RR: 1.49; 1.03, 2.16) in adjusted models. CONCLUSION Dietary patterns associated with variations in blood lipids and insulin resistance in young adulthood are associated with increased risks of predicted CVD events in midlife. The findings suggest that diet induced altered blood lipids and insulin resistance in the life course of young adulthood could increase the risks of CVD events in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolassa W Ushula
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 266 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; UQ Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, 74 High Street, Toowong, QLD, 4066, Australia; Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Abdullah Mamun
- UQ Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, 74 High Street, Toowong, QLD, 4066, Australia; The ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Darsy Darssan
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 266 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - William Y S Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gail M Williams
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 266 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Susan J Whiting
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jake M Najman
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 266 Herston Rd, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
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Kuang X, Shao X, Li H, Jiang D, Gao T, Yang J, Li K, Li D. Lipid extract from blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) improves glycemic traits in Chinese type 2 diabetic mellitus patients: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:2970-2980. [PMID: 36409163 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that blue mussel lipid extract (BMLE) has strong anti-inflammatory activity in both rheumatoid arthritis patients and animal arthritis models. Chronic inflammation was closely related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Though the beneficial effects cannot be completely attributed to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, the aim of this study was to investigate whether BMLE can improve glycemic traits of T2DM patients. METHOD In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, 133 Chinese T2DM participants were randomized to either fish oil (FO, n = 44), BMLE (n = 44), or corn oil (CO, n = 45) groups for 60 days. The participants were asked to take the corresponding oil capsules (two capsules per day, 0.8 g per capsule), which provided 1.6 g day-1 of FO (29.9% eicosapentaenoic acid + 20.4% docosahexaenoic acid), BMLE (20.7% eicosapentaenoic acid + 26.7% docosahexaenoic acid), or CO (53.5% linoleic acid). RESULTS The fasting serum concentration of insulin (P = 0.005) and the homeostasis model of insulin resistance (P = 0.026) were significantly decreased in the BMLE group, whereas no significant change was found in the FO or CO groups. There was no significant difference between groups on serum glycosylated hemoglobin. Tumor necrosis factor-α was significantly decreased in the BMLE group (P = 0.003), but not in the FO or CO groups. A significant decrease of interleukin-1β was observed in the BMLE and CO groups (P = 0.004 and P = 0.011 respectively), but not in the FO group. The total cholesterol was significantly decreased in the BMLE and CO groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001 respectively), but not in the FO group. Triacylglycerol was significantly decreased in the BMLE group (P = 0.007), but not in the FO or CO groups. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower in the BMLE and CO groups than in the FO group (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Blue mussel lipid supplements improved glycemic traits, inflammatory cytokines, and lipids profile in Chinese T2DM patients (Chinese Clinical Trial Registration number: ChiCTR1900025617). © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Kuang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianfeng Shao
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- Health Service Center of Lingzhushan Community, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianlin Gao
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Health Service Center of Xinan Community, Qingdao, China
| | - Kelei Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Damaiyanti DW, Tsai ZY, Masbuchin AN, Huang CY, Liu PY. Interplay between fish oil, obesity and cardiometabolic diabetes. J Formos Med Assoc 2023:S0929-6646(23)00098-0. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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Buckner T, Johnson RK, Vanderlinden LA, Carry PM, Romero A, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Chen WM, Fiehn O, Frohnert BI, Crume T, Perng W, Kechris K, Rewers M, Norris JM. An Oxylipin-Related Nutrient Pattern and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes in the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY). Nutrients 2023; 15:945. [PMID: 36839302 PMCID: PMC9962656 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins, pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators, are associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and may be influenced by diet. This study aimed to develop a nutrient pattern related to oxylipin profiles and test their associations with the risk of T1D among youth. The nutrient patterns were developed with a reduced rank regression in a nested case-control study (n = 335) within the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY), a longitudinal cohort of children at risk of T1D. The oxylipin profiles (adjusted for genetic predictors) were the response variables. The nutrient patterns were tested in the case-control study (n = 69 T1D cases, 69 controls), then validated in the DAISY cohort using a joint Cox proportional hazards model (n = 1933, including 81 T1D cases). The first nutrient pattern (NP1) was characterized by low beta cryptoxanthin, flavanone, vitamin C, total sugars and iron, and high lycopene, anthocyanidins, linoleic acid and sodium. After adjusting for T1D family history, the HLA genotype, sex and race/ethnicity, NP1 was associated with a lower risk of T1D in the nested case-control study (OR: 0.44, p = 0.0126). NP1 was not associated with the risk of T1D (HR: 0.54, p-value = 0.1829) in the full DAISY cohort. Future studies are needed to confirm the nested case-control findings and investigate the modifiable factors for oxylipins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Buckner
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Dietetics, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - Randi K. Johnson
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CU School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lauren A. Vanderlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Patrick M. Carry
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopedics, CU School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alex Romero
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CU School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Health Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Health Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH-West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brigitte I. Frohnert
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tessa Crume
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Wei Perng
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Marian Rewers
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jill M. Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, CU Anschutz, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Association between a dietary pattern high in saturated fatty acids, dietary energy density, and sodium with coronary heart disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13049. [PMID: 35906378 PMCID: PMC9336144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the association between dietary pattern (DP) and coronary heart disease (CHD) among high-risk adults as determined by metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria in Malaysia. This cross-sectional study involved 365 participants with (CHD = 178; non-CHD = 187) who were recruited from selected health clinics. Dietary intake was measured using a 189-item semi-quantitative foods frequency questionnaire (FFQ) whilst anthropometry and clinical data were measured by trained researcher and biochemical data were obtained from medical records. The reduced rank regression (RRR) method was used to derive DPs scores and binary logistic regression was used to assess the associations between identified DPs and CHD. The main DP found in this study was characterised by “high saturated fatty acid (SFA), high dietary energy density (DED), high sodium”. This DP, which is attributed to high consumption of coconut-based dishes, fast foods and snacks, rice dishes, fat spread, seasoning sauces, salted and processed foods, and low intake of fruits, green leafy vegetables, white rice and other vegetables were associated with CHD (OR:1.32, 95% CI:1.03, 1.69) p value = 0.026 when, adjusted for age, sex, race, education level, household income, family history of CHD, marital status, smoking status, physical activity, stress level and BMI. This study suggests that individuals with a DP of high SFA, high DED, and high sodium have a significantly increased likelihood of having CHD compared to those who do not practice this DP.
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Yang Y, Yu D, Piao W, Huang K, Zhao L. Nutrient-Derived Beneficial for Blood Pressure Dietary Pattern Associated with Hypertension Prevention and Control: Based on China Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2015–2017. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153108. [PMID: 35956285 PMCID: PMC9370233 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Greater adherence of Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) or the Mediterranean dietary pattern were reported to be beneficial for blood pressure. However, both were established based on Western populations. Our current study aimed to explore a dietary pattern which might be suitable for hypertension prevention and control among Chinese adults nationwide. Methods: A total of 61,747 Chinese adults aged over 18 years from China Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2015–2017 was included in this study. Using reduced-rank regression (RRR) method, a dietary pattern with higher intakes of those nutrients which are inversely associated with the risk of hypertension was identified. DASH-score was also calculated for each participant for further validate the dietary pattern derived by RRR method. Multi-adjustment logistic regression was applied to examine the association between above two dietary patterns and hypertension prevention and control. Results: Dietary pattern named Beneficial for Blood Pressure (BBP) diet was characterized by higher fresh vegetables and fruits, mushrooms/edible fungi, dairy products, seaweeds, fresh eggs, nuts and seeds, legumes and related products, aquatic products, coarse cereals, and less refined grains and alcohol consumption. After multiple adjustment, protective effects showed on both hypertension prevention and control (for prevention: Q5 vs. Q1, OR = 0.842, 95% CI = 0.791–0.896; for control: Q5 vs. Q1, OR = 0.762, 95% CI = 0.629–0.924). For the DASH-diet, significant results were also observed (for prevention: Q5 vs. Q1, OR = 0.912, 95% CI = 0.854–0.973; for control: Q5 vs. Q1, OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.616–0.938). Conclusions: BBP-diet derived from Chinese adults has high conformity with the DASH-diet, and it might serve as an adjuvant method for both hypertension prevention and control.
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Piernas C, Gao M, Jebb SA. Dietary patterns derived by reduced rank regression and non-communicable disease risk. Proc Nutr Soc 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35765989 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665122001094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Most current nutrition policies and dietary recommendations still reflect decades of research addressing the mechanism of action or health risks of individual nutrients. Yet, most high-income countries including the UK are far from reaching the dietary intakes which are recommended for good health. Food-based dietary patterns (DPs) can help target specific combinations of foods that are associated with disease risk, recognising the coexistence of multiple nutrients within foods and their potential synergistic effects. Reduced rank regression (RRR) has emerged as a useful exploratory approach which uses a priori knowledge of the pathway from diet to disease to help identify DPs which are associated with disease risk in a particular population. Here we reviewed the literature with a focus on longitudinal cohort studies using RRR to derive DPs and reporting associations with non-communicable disease risk. We also illustrated the application of the RRR approach using data from the UK Biobank study, where we derived DPs that explained high variability in a set of nutrient response variables. The main DP was characterised by high intakes of chocolate and confectionery, butter and low-fibre bread, and low intakes of fresh fruit and vegetables and showed particularly strong associations with CVD, type 2 diabetes and all-cause mortality, which is consistent with previous studies that derived 'Western' or unhealthy DPs. These recent studies conducted in the UK Biobank population together with evidence from previous cohort studies contribute to the emerging evidence base to underpin food-based dietary advice for non-communicable disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Piernas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Min Gao
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan A Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Yu H, Wen Q, Lv J, Sun D, Ma Y, Man S, Yin J, Tong M, Wang B, Yu C, Li L. Association between Dietary Patterns Reflecting C-Reactive Protein and Metabolic Syndrome in the Chinese Population. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132566. [PMID: 35807747 PMCID: PMC9268474 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how the dietary patterns reflecting C-reactive protein (CRP) affect metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Chinese population. To examine the effect of the dietary pattern reflecting CRP with MetS, a cross-sectional study was based on the health checkup data from the Beijing MJ Health Screening Centers between 2008 and 2018. The CRP-related dietary pattern was derived from 17 food groups using reduced-rank regression. Participants were divided into five groups according to the quintiles of dietary pattern score. Multivariate logistic regression was then applied to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the quintiles of diet pattern score related to MetS and its four components. Of the 90,130 participants included in this study, 11,209 had MetS. A CRP-related dietary pattern was derived, characterized by a higher consumption of staple food, fresh meat, processed products, and sugar-sweetened beverages but a lower intake of honey and jam, fruits, and dairy products. Compared with participants in the lowest quintile (Q1), participants in the higher quintiles were associated with increased risks of MetS in a dose−response manner after adjustment for potential confounders (p for linear trend < 0.001), the ORs for Q2 to Q5 were 1.10 (95% CI: 1.02−1.19), 1.14 (95% CI: 1.05−1.22), 1.23 (95% CI: 1.15−1.33), and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.38−1.61), respectively. Moreover, the effects were stronger among individuals aged 50 years or older. A CRP-related dietary pattern was associated with the risk of MetS. It provides new insights that dietary intervention to achieve a lower inflammatory level could potentially prevent MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (J.L.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Qiaorui Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (J.L.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (J.L.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (L.L.)
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (J.L.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (L.L.)
- Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Yuan Ma
- Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.M.); (M.T.)
- MJ Health Care Group, Shanghai 200041, China;
| | - Sailimai Man
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (J.L.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (L.L.)
- MJ Health Care Group, Shanghai 200041, China;
| | | | - Mingkun Tong
- Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.M.); (M.T.)
- MJ Health Care Group, Shanghai 200041, China;
| | - Bo Wang
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.M.); (M.T.)
- MJ Health Care Group, Shanghai 200041, China;
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (C.Y.)
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (J.L.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (L.L.)
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.M.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (C.Y.)
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (H.Y.); (Q.W.); (J.L.); (D.S.); (S.M.); (L.L.)
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.M.); (M.T.)
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13
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Gao M, Jebb SA, Aveyard P, Ambrosini GL, Perez-Cornago A, Papier K, Carter J, Piernas C. Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: Prospective Cohort Study of 120,343 UK Biobank Participants. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:1315-1325. [PMID: 35299247 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify dietary patterns (DPs) characterized by a set of nutrients of concern and their association with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 120,343 participants from the U.K. Biobank study with at least two 24 h dietary assessments were studied. Reduced rank regression was used to derive DPs explaining variability in energy density, free sugars, saturated fat, and fiber intakes. We investigated prospective associations with T2D using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Over 8.4 years of follow-up from the latest dietary assessment, 2,878 participants developed T2D. Two DPs were identified that jointly explained a total of 63% variation in four nutrients. DP1 was characterized by high intakes of chocolate and confectionery, butter, low-fiber bread, and sugars and preserves, and low intakes of fruits and vegetables. DP1 was linearly associated with T2D in multivariable models without BMI adjustment (per z score, hazard ratio [HR] 1.11 [95% CI 1.08-1.14]) and after BMI adjustment (HR 1.09 [95% CI 1.06-1.12]). DP2 was characterized by high intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juice, table sugars and preserves, and low intakes of high-fat cheese and butter, but showed no clear association with T2D. There were significant interactions between both DPs and age, with increased risks among younger people in DP1 (HR 1.13 [95% CI 1.09-1.18]) and DP2 (HR 1.10 [95% CI 1.05-1.15]), as well as with DP1 and BMI, with increased risks among people with obesity (HR 1.11 [95% CI 1.07-1.16]). CONCLUSIONS A DP characterized by high intakes of chocolate and confectionery, butter, low-fiber bread, and added sugars, and low in fresh fruits and vegetables intake is associated with a higher incidence of T2D, particularly among younger people and those with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Susan A Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, U.K
| | - Paul Aveyard
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, U.K
| | - Gina L Ambrosini
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Keren Papier
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Jennifer Carter
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Carmen Piernas
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
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14
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The Prospective Associations of Lipid Metabolism-Related Dietary Patterns with the Risk of Diabetes in Chinese Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050980. [PMID: 35267955 PMCID: PMC8912567 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to identify lipid metabolism-related dietary patterns with reduced rank regression (RRR) among Chinese adults and examine their associations with incident diabetes. Methods: We derived lipid metabolism-related dietary patterns using an RRR with 21 food groups as predictors as well as total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference from the responses of 17,318 participants from the second resurvey of the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). The dietary scores were calculated for the entire cohort. We followed up 479,207 participants for diabetes incidence from the baseline and used multivariable Cox regression models to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Two lipid metabolism-related dietary patterns were extracted. The dietary pattern—characterized by high intakes of fish, poultry, and other staples as well as fresh fruit and vegetables—was correlated with a higher BMI, waist circumference, and LDL cholesterol. Participants in the highest quintile (Q5) had a 44% increased risk of diabetes incidence when compared with those in the lowest quintile (Q1) (HR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.31–1.59). Conclusions: A dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of both animal and plant foods was related to obesity and dyslipidemia and could increase the risk of diabetes incidence.
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Sun Q, Wen Q, Lyu J, Sun D, Ma Y, Man S, Yin J, Jin C, Tong M, Wang B, Yu C, Ning Y, Li L. Dietary pattern derived by reduced-rank regression and cardiovascular disease: A cross-sectional study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:337-345. [PMID: 34903439 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diet can affect cardiovascular health by changing lipid profiles or obesity levels. However, the association of dietary patterns reflecting lipid metabolism and adiposity measures with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unclear. This study aimed to derive dietary patterns that explained variation in blood lipids and adiposity and investigate their associations with prevalent CVD. METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional study was constructed in Beijing MJ Health Screening Center from 2008 to 2018. A dietary pattern was derived using reduced-rank regression among 75,159 participants without CVD. The dietary pattern explained the largest in predicting lipid profiles and adiposity measures. The dietary pattern was associated with a higher level of LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride, and high body mass index and waist circumference, but lower HDL-cholesterol. The dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of staple food, red meat, processed food, fried food, edible offal, and less intakes of jam or honey, fruits, milk, and dairy products. Among 89,633 participants, we evaluated its association with prevalent CVD using multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for age, sex, annual income, education attainment, marital status, family history of CVD, smoking status, alcohol use, physical activity, and daily energy intake. Individuals with the highest quintile of dietary pattern score were 1%-38% more likely to have prevalent CVD than the lowest quintile (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.01-1.38). CONCLUSION A diet pattern reflecting lipid profiles and obesity level was positively related to prevalent CVD, which could provide new insights in optimizing blood lipids and body shape for the prevention of CVD through dietary approaches among the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufen Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiaorui Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Meinian Institute of Health, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sailimai Man
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Meinian Institute of Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianchun Yin
- Meinian Institute of Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- Meinian Institute of Health, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mingkun Tong
- Meinian Institute of Health, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Meinian Institute of Health, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yi Ning
- Meinian Institute of Health, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Health Science Center Meinian Public Health Institute, Beijing 100191, China
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16
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Choy MJY, Brownlee I, Murphy AM. Data-Driven Dietary Patterns, Nutrient Intake and Body Weight Status in a Cross-Section of Singaporean Children Aged 6-12 Years. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041335. [PMID: 33920618 PMCID: PMC8074157 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern analysis of children’s diet may provide insights into chronic disease risk in adolescence and adulthood. This study aimed to assess dietary patterns of young Singaporean children using cluster analysis. An existing dataset included 15,820 items consumed by 561 participants (aged 6–12 years) over 2 days of dietary recall. Thirty-seven food groups were defined and expressed as a percentage contribution of total energy. Dietary patterns were identified using k-means cluster analysis. Three clusters were identified, “Western”, “Convenience” and “Local/hawker”, none of which were defined by more prudent dietary choices. The “Convenience” cluster group had the lowest total energy intake (mean 85.8 ± SD 25.3% of Average Requirement for Energy) compared to the other groups (95.4 ± 25.9% for “Western” and 93.4 ± 25.3% for “Local/hawker”, p < 0.001) but also had the lowest calcium intake (66.3 ± 34.7% of Recommended Dietary Allowance), similar to intake in the “Local/hawker” group (69.5 ± 38.9%) but less than the “Western” group (82.8 ± 36.1%, p < 0.001). These findings highlight the need for longitudinal analysis of dietary habit in younger Singaporeans in order to better define public health messaging targeted at reducing risk of major noncommunicable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Jie Ying Choy
- Devan Nair Building, Newcastle Research and Innovation Institute, Newcastle University, Singapore 600201, Singapore; (M.J.Y.C.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Iain Brownlee
- Devan Nair Building, Newcastle Research and Innovation Institute, Newcastle University, Singapore 600201, Singapore; (M.J.Y.C.); (A.M.M.)
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-191-227-4187
| | - Aoife Marie Murphy
- Devan Nair Building, Newcastle Research and Innovation Institute, Newcastle University, Singapore 600201, Singapore; (M.J.Y.C.); (A.M.M.)
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Lust CAC, Bi X, Henry CJ, Ma DWL. Development of Fatty Acid Reference Ranges and Relationship with Lipid Biomarkers in Middle-Aged Healthy Singaporean Men and Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020435. [PMID: 33572735 PMCID: PMC7911367 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fatty acids (FA) are essential for overall human health, yet individual FA reference ranges have yet to be established. Developing individual FA reference ranges can provide context to reported concentrations and whether an individual displays deficient, or excess amounts of FA. Reference ranges of sixty-seven individual FA (μmol/L) were profiled and analyzed using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector from serum samples collected from 476 middle-aged Singaporean males (BMI:23.3 ± 2.9) and females (BMI:21.8 ± 3.6). Measures of triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC) (mmol/L) were also collected. The mean FA concentration seen in this cohort (11,458 ± 2478 was similar to that of overweight North American cohorts assessed in past studies. Ten biologically relevant FA were compared between sexes, with females exhibiting significantly higher concentrations in four FA (p < 0.05). A multiple regression model revealed the ten FA contributed significantly to nearly all lipid biomarkers (p < 0.05). A majority of participants who had FA concentrations in the ≥95th percentile also exhibited TG, HDL, LDL, and TC levels in the “high” risk classification of developing cardiovascular disease. Future studies profiling individual FA reference ranges in many unique, global cohorts are necessary to develop cut-off values of individual FA concentrations highly related to disease-risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A. C. Lust
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Xinyan Bi
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (X.B.); (C.J.H.)
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (X.B.); (C.J.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - David W. L. Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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Han P, Man J, Hao Y, Wu L, Wang J, Yang W, Wang F, Tian Y. Metabolomic analysis of plasma from normal-weight adults with hypo-HDL cholesterolemia by UPLC-QTOF MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5073. [PMID: 33453122 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is negatively correlated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of hypo-HDL cholesterolemia is as high as 33.9%. The plasma metabolomic differences between hypo-HDL cholesterolemia populations and normal controls were investigated using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Participants with hypo-HDL cholesterolemia and normal controls were clearly discriminated from each other on the orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis score plot and a total of 90 differential metabolites were identified, including down-regulated phosphatidylserine [18:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)], phosphatidylcholine [19:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)], phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine [18:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E) (15Ke)], etc., and up-regulated triglyceride [15:0/18:1(9Z)/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)][iso6], 13-methyl-1-tritriacontene, tridodecylamine, etc. Most of the changed metabolites were lipids, notably, a significant part of which were odd chain fatty acid incorporated lipids. Carnitine shuttle was the most significant metabolic pathway, except for the disturbed glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycosphingolipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism in participants with hypo-HDL cholesterolemia. We identified the key metabolites and metabolic pathways that may be changed in hypo-HDL cholesterolemia participants, providing useful clues for studying the metabolic mechanisms and for early prevention of hypo-HDL cholesterolemia and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Han
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jin Man
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yun Hao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Longjie Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongmei Tian
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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19
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Dietary patterns and their associations with the metabolic syndrome and predicted 10-year risk of CVD in northwest Chinese adults. Br J Nutr 2020; 126:913-922. [PMID: 33256885 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452000478x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The impact of diet on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and CVD has been investigated widely, but few studies have investigated the association between dietary patterns (DP) and the predicted CVD, derived from reduced rank regression (RRR). The objectives of this study were to derive DP using RRR and principal component analysis (PCA) and investigate their associations with the MetS and estimated 10-year atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD). We used the baseline dataset from the Xinjiang multi-ethnic cohort study in China, collected from June 2018 to May 2019. A total of 14 982 subjects aged 35-74 years from Urumqi, Huo Cheng and Mo Yu were included in the analysis. The 10-year ASCVD risk was estimated using the Chinese ASCVD risk equations. The associations of DP with the MetS and 10-year ASCVD were determined using multivariable logistic regression models. In Urumqi and Mo Yu, the increased RRR DP score was associated with a higher OR of having the MetS and with a higher OR of elevated 10-year ASCVD risk. However, only the first DP determined by PCA in Urumqi was inversely associated with the MetS and elevated 10-year ASCVD risk. The prevalence of the MetS and elevated ASCVD risk in urban population is higher than that in rural areas. Our results may help nutritionists develop more targeted dietary strategies to prevent the MetS and ASCVD in different regions in China.
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