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Ruhi MK, Rickard BP, Overchuk M, Sinawang PD, Stanley E, Mansi M, Sierra RG, Hayes B, Tan X, Akin D, Chen B, Demirci U, Rizvi I. PpIX-enabled fluorescence-based detection and photodynamic priming of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells under fluid shear stress. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 39189505 DOI: 10.1111/php.14014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Over 75% percent of ovarian cancer patients are diagnosed with advanced-stage disease characterized by unresectable intraperitoneal dissemination and the presence of ascites, or excessive fluid build-up within the abdomen. Conventional treatments include cytoreductive surgery followed by multi-line platinum and taxane chemotherapy regimens. Despite an initial response to treatment, over 75% of patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer will relapse and succumb to platinum-resistant disease. Recent evidence suggests that fluid shear stress (FSS), which results from the movement of fluid such as ascites, induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and confers resistance to carboplatin in ovarian cancer cells. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that FSS-induced platinum resistance correlates with increased cellular protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), the penultimate downstream product of heme biosynthesis, the production of which can be enhanced using the clinically approved pro-drug aminolevulinic acid (ALA). These data suggest that, with further investigation, PpIX could serve as a fluorescence-based biomarker of FSS-induced platinum resistance. Additionally, this study investigates the efficacy of PpIX-enabled photodynamic therapy (PDT) and the secretion of extracellular vesicles under static and FSS conditions in Caov-3 and NIH:OVCAR-3 cells, two representative cell lines for high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), the most lethal form of the disease. FSS induces resistance to ALA-PpIX-mediated PDT, along with a significant increase in the number of EVs. Finally, the ability of PpIX-mediated photodynamic priming (PDP) to enhance carboplatin efficacy under FSS conditions is quantified. These preliminary findings in monolayer cultures necessitate additional studies to determine the feasibility of PpIX as a fluorescence-based indicator, and mediator of PDP, to target chemoresistance in the context of FSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Kemal Ruhi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Brittany P Rickard
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marta Overchuk
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Prima Dewi Sinawang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratories, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Canary Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Stanley
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew Mansi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raymond G Sierra
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Brandon Hayes
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Xianming Tan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Demir Akin
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratories, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Canary Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratories, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Canary Center at Stanford, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Gurke J, Carnicer-Lombarte A, Naegele TE, Hansen AK, Malliaras GG. In vivo photopharmacological inhibition of hippocampal activity via multimodal probes - perspective and opening steps on experimental and computational challenges. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39189156 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb01117a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Neurological conditions such as epilepsy can have a significant impact on people's lives. Here, we discuss a new perspective for the study/treatment of these conditions using photopharmacology. A multimodal, intracranial implant that incorporates fluidic channels for localised drug delivery, electrodes for recording and stimulation, and a light source for photoswitching is used for in vivo administration and deactivation of a photoresponsive AMPA antagonist. We review current advancements in the relevant disciplines and show experimentally that the inhibition of seizure-like events induced in the hippocampus by electrical stimulation can be altered upon switching the drug with light. We discuss the interconnection of the drug's photopharmacological properties with the design of the device by modelling light penetration into the rat brain with Monte Carlo simulations. This work delivers a new perspective, including initial experimental and computational efforts on in vivo photopharmacology to understand and eventually treat neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gurke
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
- University of Cambridge, Electrical Engineering Division, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
- Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research (IAP), Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Tobias E Naegele
- University of Cambridge, Electrical Engineering Division, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Anders K Hansen
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Fotonik, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - George G Malliaras
- University of Cambridge, Electrical Engineering Division, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
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3
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Moore JM, Genna DT. Disulfide Bonds as Functional Tethers in Metal-Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401713. [PMID: 38842480 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The functionality of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is often encoded by specific chemical moieties found within these architectures. As such, new techniques to install increasingly more complex functionalities in MOFs are regularly being reported in the literature. One such functional group is the disulfide bond. The redox behavior of this covalent linkage renders MOFs responsive to stimuli, often under reducing conditions. Here, we review examples in which disulfide-containing MOFs are deployed in applications including drug delivery, therapeutic ferroptosis, exfoliation, energy storage, sensing, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Moore
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Youngstown State University, 44555, Youngstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Douglas T Genna
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Youngstown State University, 44555, Youngstown, Ohio, USA
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Wu C, Feng D, Xu H, He Z, Hou J. Optimized Bionic Drug-Delivery-Inducing Immunogenic Cell Death and cGAS-STING Pathway Activation for Enhanced Photodynamic-Chemotherapy-Driven Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:43257-43271. [PMID: 39119624 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer presents as a challenging disease, as it is often characterized as an immunologically "cold" tumor, leading to suboptimal outcomes with current immunotherapeutic approaches in clinical settings. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) harnesses reactive oxygen species generated by photosensitizers (PSs) to disrupt the intracellular redox equilibrium. This process induces DNA damage in both the mitochondria and nucleus, activating the process of immunogenic cell death (ICD) and the cGAS-STING pathway. Ultimately, this cascade of events leads to the initiation of antitumor immune responses. Nevertheless, existing PSs face challenges, including suboptimal tumor targeting, aggregation-induced quenching, and insufficient oxygen levels in the tumor regions. To this end, a versatile bionic nanoplatform has been designed for the simultaneous delivery of the aggregation-induced emission PS TPAQ-Py-PF6 and paclitaxel (PTX). The cell membrane camouflage of the nanoplatform leads to its remarkable abilities in tumor targeting and cellular internalization. Upon laser irradiation, the utilization of TPAQ-Py-PF6 in conjunction with PTX showcases a notable and enhanced synergistic antitumor impact. Additionally, the nanoplatform has the capability of initiating the cGAS-STING pathway, leading to the generation of cytokines. The presence of damage-associated molecular patterns induced by ICD collaborates with these aforementioned cytokines lead to the recruitment and facilitation of dendritic cell maturation. Consequently, this elicits a systemic immune response against tumors. In summary, this promising strategy highlights the use of a multifunctional biomimetic nanoplatform, combining chemotherapy, PDT, and immunotherapy to enhance the effectiveness of antitumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchen Wu
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Medical Center of Soochow University, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Dexiang Feng
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Medical Center of Soochow University, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Medical Center of Soochow University, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Zhangxin He
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Medical Center of Soochow University, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Jianquan Hou
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Medical Center of Soochow University, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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Shimolina LE, Khlynova AE, Gulin AA, Elagin VV, Gubina MV, Bureev PA, Sherin PS, Kuimova MK, Shirmanova MV. Photodynamic therapy with Photoditazine increases microviscosity of cancer cells membrane in cellulo and in vivo. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 259:113007. [PMID: 39137702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive method for cancer treatment, one of the effects of which is the oxidation of membrane lipids. However, changes in biophysical properties of lipid membranes during PDT have been poorly explored. In this work, we investigated the effects of PDT on membrane microviscosity in cancer cells in the culture and tumor xenografts. Membrane microviscosity was visualized using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) with a viscosity-sensitive rotor BODIPY2. It was found that PDT using chlorine e6-based photosensitizer Photoditazine caused a quick, steady elevation of membrane microviscosity both in cellulo and in vivo. The proposed mechanisms responsible for the increase in microviscosity was lipid peroxidation by reactive oxygen species that resulted in a decrease of phosphatidylcholine and the fraction of unsaturated fatty acids in the membranes. Our results suggest that the increased microviscosity is an important factor that contributes to tumor cell damage during PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov E Shimolina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Square, 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandra E Khlynova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Square, 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksander A Gulin
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim V Elagin
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Square, 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Margarita V Gubina
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel A Bureev
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Square, 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Petr S Sherin
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marina K Kuimova
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marina V Shirmanova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky Square, 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
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Yang ZC, Gu QS, Chao JJ, Tan FY, Mao GJ, Hu L, Ouyang J, Li CY. Glutathione-activated biotin-targeted dual-modal imaging probe with improved PDT/PTT synergistic therapy. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1316:342860. [PMID: 38969429 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione (GSH), a highly abundant thiol compound within cells, plays a critical role in physiological processes and exhibits close correlation with cancer. Among molecular imaging technologies, most probes have relatively short emission wavelengths and lack photoacoustic imaging (PA) capability, resulting in the inability to obtain tissue images with high penetration depth. The presence of GSH in the tumor microenvironment neutralizes ROS, diminishing the therapeutic effect of PDT, thus resulting in often unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a dual-modal probe for the detection of GSH and the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. RESULTS In this study, we synthesized a novel dual-modal probe, Cy-Bio-GSH, utilizing near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging techniques for GSH detection. The probe integrates cyanine dye as the fluorophore, nitroazobenzene as the recognition moiety, and biotin as the tumor-targeting moiety. Upon reacting with GSH, the probe emits NIR fluorescence at 820 nm and generates a PA signal. Significantly, this reaction activates the photodynamic and photothermal properties of the probe. By depleting GSH and employing a synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT) treatment, the therapeutic efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is remarkably enhanced. In-vivo experiments confirm the capability of the probe to detect GSH via NIRF and PA imaging. Notably, the combined tumor-targeting ability and PDT/PTT synergistic therapy enhance therapeutic outcomes for tumors and facilitate their ablation. SIGNIFICANCE A novel tumor-targeting and dual-modal imaging probe (Cy-Bio-GSH) is synthesized, exhibiting remarkable sensitivity and selectivity to GSH, enabling the visualization of GSH in cells and the differentiation between normal and cancer cells. Cy-Bio-GSH enhances PDT/PTT with effective killing of cancer cells and makes the ablation of tumors in mice. This work represents the first tumor-targeting probe for GSH detection, and provides crucial tool for cancer diagnosis and treatment by dual-modal imaging with improved PDT/PTT synergistic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory for Environmental and Ecological Health, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Qing-Song Gu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory for Environmental and Ecological Health, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Chao
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory for Environmental and Ecological Health, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Fang-Yuan Tan
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory for Environmental and Ecological Health, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Guo-Jiang Mao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Liufang Hu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory for Environmental and Ecological Health, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Juan Ouyang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory for Environmental and Ecological Health, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China.
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory for Environmental and Ecological Health, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China.
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Maguire S, Strachan G, Norvaiša K, Donohoe C, Gomes-da-Silva LC, Senge MO. Porphyrin Atropisomerism as a Molecular Engineering Tool in Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Recognition, Supramolecular Assembly, and Catalysis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401559. [PMID: 38787350 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Porphyrin atropisomerism, which arises from restricted σ-bond rotation between the macrocycle and a sufficiently bulky substituent, was identified in 1969 by Gottwald and Ullman in 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(o-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrins. Henceforth, an entirely new field has emerged utilizing this transformative tool. This review strives to explain the consequences of atropisomerism in porphyrins, the methods which have been developed for their separation and analysis and present the diverse array of applications. Porphyrins alone possess intriguing properties and a structure which can be easily decorated and molded for a specific function. Therefore, atropisomerism serves as a transformative tool, making it possible to obtain even a specific molecular shape. Atropisomerism has been thoroughly exploited in catalysis and molecular recognition yet presents both challenges and opportunities in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Maguire
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
| | - Grant Strachan
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
| | - Karolis Norvaiša
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
| | - Claire Donohoe
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-535, Portugal
| | | | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Focus Group-Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nanosystems, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenberg Str. 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
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Pustimbara A, Li C, Ogura SI. Hemin enhances the 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy effect through the changes of cellular iron homeostasis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 48:104253. [PMID: 38901716 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been utilized as a promising alternative cancer treatment due to its minimum invasiveness over the years. Exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) triggers protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulation, which happens in cancer cells. However, certain types of cancer exhibit reduced effectiveness in the PpIX accumulation mechanism. This study aimed to determine the effect of ALA-PDT combination with hemin on gastric carcinoma TMK-1 cells. METHODS This study utilized TMK-1 gastric cancer cell line to evaluate PpIX, ROS, and Fe2+ accumulation following the administration of ALA, hemin, and a combination of ALA and hemin PDT. We also evaluate the mRNA expressions related to iron homeostasis and treatment impacts on cell viability. RESULTS The co-addition of ALA and hemin PDT for 4 h of treatment resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability by up to 18 %. While ALA-PDT enhanced PpIX metabolism, the addition of hemin influenced both the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular iron homeostasis by inducing Fe2+ accumulation and affecting mRNA levels of IRP, Tfr1, Ferritin, NFS1, and SDHB. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the addition of ALA and hemin enhances phototoxicity in TMK-1 cells. The combination of ALA and hemin with PDT induces cell death, evidenced by increased cytotoxicity properties such as PpIX and ROS, along with significant changes in TMK-1 gastric cancer iron homeostasis. Therefore, the combination of ALA and hemin could be one of the alternatives in photodynamic therapy for cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anantya Pustimbara
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, 4259 Midori-ku, Yokohama, 2268501, Japan.
| | - Chenhan Li
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, 4259 Midori-ku, Yokohama, 2268501, Japan.
| | - Shun-Ichiro Ogura
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, 4259 Midori-ku, Yokohama, 2268501, Japan.
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Qian K, Gao S, Jiang Z, Ding Q, Cheng Z. Recent advances in mitochondria-targeting theranostic agents. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20230063. [PMID: 39175881 PMCID: PMC11335472 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
For its vital role in maintaining cellular activity and survival, mitochondrion is highly involved in various diseases, and several strategies to target mitochondria have been developed for specific imaging and treatment. Among these approaches, theranostic may realize both diagnosis and therapy with one integrated material, benefiting the simplification of treatment process and candidate drug evaluation. A variety of mitochondria-targeting theranostic agents have been designed based on the differential structure and composition of mitochondria, which enable more precise localization within cellular mitochondria at disease sites, facilitating the unveiling of pathological information while concurrently performing therapeutic interventions. Here, progress of mitochondria-targeting theranostic materials reported in recent years along with background information on mitochondria-targeting and therapy have been briefly summarized, determining to deliver updated status and design ideas in this field to readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchMolecular Imaging CenterShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Shu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchMolecular Imaging CenterShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhaoning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchMolecular Imaging CenterShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug DiscoveryBohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug DiscoveryYantaiShandongChina
| | - Qihang Ding
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Zhen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchMolecular Imaging CenterShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug DiscoveryBohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug DiscoveryYantaiShandongChina
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10
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Wang R, Hua S, Xing Y, Wang R, Wang H, Jiang T, Yu F. Organic dye-based photosensitizers for fluorescence imaging-guided cancer phototheranostics. Coord Chem Rev 2024; 513:215866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2024.215866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
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11
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Lem O, Gangurde P, Koivuniemi A, Keskinen A, Efimov A, Durandin N, Laaksonen T. Far-red light-triggered cargo release from liposomes b ound to a photosensitizer-cellulose nanofiber hydrogel. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 336:122134. [PMID: 38670761 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In our research we used the anionic nanofibrillar cellulose (ANFC) as a platform for far-red light-induced release of cargo from liposomes. In contrast to previous works, where photosensitizers are usually in the liposomal bilayers, we used a cellulose-binding dye. Our phthalocyanine derivative has been shown to bind very strongly to cellulose and cellulose nanofiber hydrogels, allowing us to place it outside of the liposomes. Both the sensitizer and cationic liposomes bind strongly to the ANFC after mixing, making the system easy to fabricate. Upon light activation, the photosensitizer generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the ANFC hydrogel, where the reactive oxygen species oxidize unsaturated lipids in the liposomal membrane, which makes the liposomes more permeable, resulting in on-demand cargo release. We were able to achieve ca. 70 % release of model hydrophilic cargo molecule calcein from the hydrogels with a relatively low dose of light (262 J/cm2) while employing the straightforward fabrication techniques. Our system was remarkably responsive to the far-red light (730 nm), enabling deep tissue penetration. Therefore, this very promising novel cellulose-immobilized photosensitizer liposomal platform could be used as a controlled drug delivery system, which can have applications in externally activated coatings or implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lem
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Puja Gangurde
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Artturi Koivuniemi
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksi Keskinen
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alexander Efimov
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Nikita Durandin
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Timo Laaksonen
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere, Finland; University of Helsinki, Faculty of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Helsinki, Finland.
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12
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Sanz-Villafruela J, Bermejo-Casadesús C, Martínez-Alonso M, Moro A, Lima JC, Massaguer A, Espino G. Towards efficient Ir(III) anticancer photodynamic therapy agents by extending π-conjugation on N^N ligands. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11393-11409. [PMID: 38899369 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00390j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In this work we disclose a new family of biscyclometallated Ir(III) complexes of the general formula [Ir(C^N)2(N^N)]Cl (IrL1-IrL5), where HC^N is 1-phenyl-β-carboline and N^N ligands (L1-L5) are different diimine ligands that differ from each other in the number of aromatic rings fused to the bipyridine scaffold. The photophysical properties of IrL1-IrL5 were thoroughly studied, and theoretical calculations were performed for a deeper comprehension of the respective variations along the series. All complexes exhibited high photostability under blue light irradiation. An increase in the number of aromatic rings led to a reduction in the HOMO-LUMO band gap causing a red-shift in the absorbance bands. Although all the complexes generated singlet oxygen (1O2) in aerated aqueous solutions through a photocatalytic process, IrL5 was by far the most efficient photosensitizer. Consequently, IrL5 was highly active in the photocatalytic oxidation of NADH. The formation of aggregates in DMSO at a high concentration (25 mM) was confirmed using different techniques, but was proved to be negligible in the concentration range of biological experiments. Moreover, ICP-MS studies proved that the cellular uptake of IrL2 and IrL3 is much better relative to that of IrL1, IrL4 and IrL5. The antiproliferative activity of IrL1-IrL5 was investigated in the dark and under blue light irradiation against different cancer cell lines. Complexes IrL1-IrL4 were found to be cytotoxic under dark conditions, while IrL5 turned out to be weakly cytotoxic. Despite the low cellular uptake of IrL5, this derivative exhibited a high increase of cytotoxicity upon blue light irradiation resulting in photocytotoxicity indexes (PI) up to 38. IrL1-IrL4 showed lower photocytotoxicity indexes ranging from 1.3 to 17.0. Haemolytic experiments corroborated the compatibility of our complexes with red blood cells. Confocal microscopy studies proved their accumulation in mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and ruled out their localization in lysosomes. Overall, the mitochondria-targeted activity of IrL5, which inhibits considerably the viability of cancer cells upon blue light irradiation, allows us to outline this PS as a new alternative to traditional chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sanz-Villafruela
- Universidad de Burgos, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
| | - Cristina Bermejo-Casadesús
- Universitat de Girona, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Maria Aurelia Capmany 40, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Marta Martínez-Alonso
- Universidad de Burgos, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
| | - Artur Moro
- Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João C Lima
- Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Anna Massaguer
- Universitat de Girona, Departament de Biologia, Facultat de Ciències, Maria Aurelia Capmany 40, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Gustavo Espino
- Universidad de Burgos, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
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Yang X, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang J, Lam JWY, Sun H, Yang J, Liang Y, Tang BZ. Donor-Acceptor Modulating of Ionic AIE Photosensitizers for Enhanced ROS Generation and NIR-II Emission. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402182. [PMID: 38663035 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Photosensitizers (PSs) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics are competitive candidates for bioimaging and therapeutic applications. However, their short emission wavelength and nonspecific organelle targeting hinder their therapeutic effectiveness. Herein, a donor-acceptor modulation approach is reported to construct a series of ionic AIE photosensitizers with enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) outcomes and fluorescent emission in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window. By employing dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole (DTP) and indolium (In) as the strong donor and acceptor, respectively, the compound DTP-In exhibits a substantial redshift in absorption and fluorescent emission reach to NIR-II region. The reduced energy gap between singlet and triplet states in DTP-In also increases the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation rate. Further, DTP-In can self-assemble in aqueous solutions, forming positively charged nanoaggregates, which are superior to conventional encapsulated nanoparticles in cellular uptake and mitochondrial targeting. Consequently, DTP-In aggregates show efficient photodynamic ablation of 4T1 cancer cells and outstanding tumor theranostic in vivo under 660 nm laser irradiation. This work highlights the potential of molecular engineering of donor-acceptor AIE PSs with multiple functionalities, thereby facilitating the development of more effective strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Thrust, System Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangdong, 511400, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Jinglei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yongye Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong, 518172, China
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14
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Liu X, Huang K, Zhang F, Huang G, Wang L, Wu G, Ren H, Yang G, Lin Z. Multifunctional nano-in-micro delivery systems for targeted therapy in fundus neovascularization diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:354. [PMID: 38902775 PMCID: PMC11191225 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Fundus neovascularization diseases are a series of blinding eye diseases that seriously impair vision worldwide. Currently, the means of treating these diseases in clinical practice are continuously evolving and have rapidly revolutionized treatment opinions. However, key issues such as inadequate treatment effectiveness, high rates of recurrence, and poor patient compliance still need to be urgently addressed. Multifunctional nanomedicine can specifically respond to both endogenous and exogenous microenvironments, effectively deliver drugs to specific targets and participate in activities such as biological imaging and the detection of small molecules. Nano-in-micro (NIM) delivery systems such as metal, metal oxide and up-conversion nanoparticles (NPs), quantum dots, and carbon materials, have shown certain advantages in overcoming the presence of physiological barriers within the eyeball and are widely used in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. Few studies, however, have evaluated the efficacy of NIM delivery systems in treating fundus neovascular diseases (FNDs). The present study describes the main clinical treatment strategies and the adverse events associated with the treatment of FNDs with NIM delivery systems and summarizes the anatomical obstacles that must be overcome. In this review, we wish to highlight the principle of intraocular microenvironment normalization, aiming to provide a more rational approach for designing new NIM delivery systems to treat specific FNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Keke Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Fuxiao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Ge Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Guiyu Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Zhiqing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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15
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Shapoval O, Patsula V, Větvička D, Engstová H, Oleksa V, Kabešová M, Vasylyshyn T, Poučková P, Horák D. Temoporfin-Conjugated PEGylated Poly( N, N-dimethylacrylamide)-Coated Upconversion Colloid for NIR-Induced Photodynamic Therapy of Pancreatic Cancer. Biomacromolecules 2024. [PMID: 38888278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has the potential to cure pancreatic cancer with minimal side effects. Visible wavelengths are primarily used to activate hydrophobic photosensitizers, but in clinical practice, these wavelengths do not sufficiently penetrate deeper localized tumor cells. In this work, NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+,Fe2+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were coated with polymer and labeled with meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC; temoporfin) to enable near-infrared light (NIR)-triggered PDT of pancreatic cancer. The coating consisted of alendronate-terminated poly[N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-2-aminoethylacrylamide]-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) [P(DMA-AEM)-PEG-Ale] to ensure the chemical and colloidal stability of the particles in aqueous physiological fluids, thereby also improving the therapeutic efficacy. The designed particles were well tolerated by the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines CAPAN-2, PANC-1, and PA-TU-8902. After intratumoral injection of mTHPC-conjugated polymer-coated UCNPs and subsequent exposure to 980 nm NIR light, excellent PDT efficacy was achieved in tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Shapoval
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vitalii Patsula
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Větvička
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Engstová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Viktoriia Oleksa
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kabešová
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Taras Vasylyshyn
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Poučková
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Nám. 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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16
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Mula S, Koli M. Helical BODIPY Dyes as Heavy-Atom-Free Triplet Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202400041. [PMID: 38359274 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Despite of having many advantages over the popular cancer therapies, photodynamic therapy still is not widely acceptable for clinical applications. Scarcity of efficient triplet photosensitizers (PSs) is one of the main bottlenecks for this. Although numerous heavy atom attached PSs are developed as PDT agents, but these are not suitable for clinical applications due to several reasons. Thus, development of heavy-atom-free organic PSs is urgently required. In this context, development of new type of helical BODIPYs as PSs for PDT is discussed. BODIPYs have rich photophysical properties and structural helicity further enhances their triplet conversion rates. This new concept of structural helicity to enhance the triplet conversion of BODIPYs is discussed with reported helical BODIPYs. Helical geometries of these dyes are checked by X-ray crystallography studies and their high triplet conversions as compared to planar BODIPYs are also confirmed. Importantly, these dyes have high triplet lifetimes and are capable of generating high singlet oxygens even in hypoxia condition as compared to conventional heavy atom attached BODIPYs. All these make the helical BODIPYs excellent candidates as PDT agents. Finally, their successful applications as PDT agents in killing of various types of cancer cells are also discussed. The results are encouraging which indicate that helical BODIPYs could be next generation heavy-atom-free PSs for PDT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyaditya Mula
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Mrunesh Koli
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
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17
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Sonokawa T, Fujiwara Y, Pan C, Komohara Y, Usuda J. Enhanced systemic antitumor efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with immunological response induced by photodynamic therapy. Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:1429-1436. [PMID: 38739102 PMCID: PMC11194119 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an antitumor therapy and has traditionally been regarded as a localized therapy in itself. However, recent reports have shown that it not only exerts a direct cytotoxic effect on cancer cells but also enhances body's tumor immunity. We hypothesized that the immunological response induced by PDT could potentially enhance the efficacy of programmed death-1 (PD-1) / programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade. METHODS The cytotoxic effects of PDT on colon 26 cells were investigated in vitro using the WST assay. We investigated whether the antitumor effect of anti-PD-1 antibodies could be amplified by the addition of PDT. We performed combination therapy by randomly allocating tumor-bearing mice to four treatment groups: control, anti-PD-1 antibodies, PDT, and a combination of anti-PD-1 antibodies and PDT. To analyze the tumor microenvironment after treatment, the tumors were resected and pathologically evaluated. RESULTS The viability rate of colon 26 cells decreased proportionally with the laser dose. In vivo experiments for combined PDT and anti-PD-1 antibody treatment, combination therapy showed an enhanced antitumor effect compared with the control. Immunohistochemical findings of the tumor microenvironment 10 days after PDT indicated that the number of CD8+ cells, the area of Iba-1+ cells and the area expressing PD-L1 were significantly higher in tumors treated with combination therapy than in tumors treated with anti-PD-1 antibody alone, PDT alone, or the control. CONCLUSIONS PDT increased immune cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. The immunological response induced by PDT may enhance the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Sonokawa
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryNippon Medical School HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Cheng Pan
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Jitsuo Usuda
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryNippon Medical School HospitalTokyoJapan
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18
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Sonokawa T, Ino M, Kera S, Tanaka M, Suzuki K, Tomioka Y, Machida Y, Kawasaki N, Usuda J. Long-term outcomes of PDT for centrally-located early lung cancers with tumor diameters > 2.0 cm. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 47:104200. [PMID: 38723757 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used for the treatment of centrally-located early lung cancers (CLELCs) and is recommended for tumors ≤ 1.0 cm in diameter. We previously reported that PDT using talaporfin sodium, second-generation photosensitizer, for tumors > 1.0 cm but ≤ 2.0 cm in diameter was able to achieve a therapeutic outcome comparable to that of tumors with a diameter of ≤ 1.0 cm. However, the effectiveness of PDT using talaporfin sodium for tumors > 2.0 cm in diameter remains unclear. We conducted a retrospective analysis of cases in which PDT was performed for flat-type CLELCs with tumor diameters of > 2.0 cm. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed seven cases (eight lesions) with tumor diameters > 2.0 cm and no evidence of extracartilaginous invasion or lymph node metastasis. RESULTS All the patients underwent multiple PDT sessions. The PDT treatment results over the study period were partial response in one case (14.3 %), stable disease (SD) in three cases (42.9 %), and progressive disease (PD) in three cases (42.9 %). At the time of writing this report, five of seven cases (71.4 %) are still undergoing treatment. The duration of SD-the time from the start of treatment until the criteria for PD were met (SD or better maintained)-ranged from 7 to 52 months (mean, 25.3 months). CONCLUSIONS "Maintenance PDT" for CLELCs > 2.0 cm in diameter has the potential to inhibit tumor progression in the long term while maintaining quality of life, rather than simply aiming only for a quick radical cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Sonokawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Mitsunobu Ino
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kera
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Mariko Tanaka
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Kento Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715 Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba 270-1694, Japan
| | - Yuuya Tomioka
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital, 1-383 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 211-8533, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Machida
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Norihito Kawasaki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Jitsuo Usuda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
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Jiang H, He K, Tan J, Zhu D, Yang N, Wang Y, Zhang J, Li X, Ren Y, Lu Y. In vitro modeling of recurrent Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: Assessment of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy efficacy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 47:104093. [PMID: 38641030 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, low-grade malignant tumor of the dermis with a high recurrence rate post-surgery. Current treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy, have limitations. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a promising non-invasive approach, but its efficacy in DFSP treatment remains underexplored. METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor efficacy of 5-ALA PDT using an in vitro model derived from a recurrent DFSP patient. The cells were treated with varying concentrations of 5-ALA and exposed to red light, followed by assessments of cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and expression of DFSP-related genes and proteins. RESULTS 5-ALA PDT significantly reduced DFSP cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis. It also effectively inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as suppressed angiogenic activity in conditioned media. Furthermore, 5-ALA PDT downregulated the expression of COL1A1 and PDGFRB, key genes in DFSP pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide the first evidence of 5-ALA PDT's in vitro anti-tumor efficacy against DFSP, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic approach for DFSP. Further studies are warranted to explore the clinical utility of 5-ALA PDT in preventing DFSP recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Kunqian He
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ding Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yuangang Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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20
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Cao Y, Qu Z, Sun X, Cui G, Wei H, Wang Z, Lin X. Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of Photodynamic Therapy in vulvar lichen sclerosus and impact on patient quality of life and sexual funtion. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024:104226. [PMID: 38825158 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is often associated with irritable symptoms of itching, burning pain and can lead to scarring, architectural changes and sexual dysfunction as well as a decline in quality of life.The etiology of the disease is unknown. This study sought to assess the therapeutic effects of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in VLS, and improvment of patient quality of life and sexual funtion. METHODS From January 2022 to April 2023, a total of 65 patients with vulvar sclerosi (VLS) were treated with PDT in our hospital. All 65 patients were divided into two groups: early-stage group and late-stage group. The Cattaneo scoring method, the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores were used to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the treatment on patients' symptoms and clincal signs, quality of life as well as sexual function before and at 6-month after treatment. RESULTS The total effective rate of early-stage patients was significantly greater than that of late-stage patients at 6-month after PDT treatment (90.91% [40/44] vs 76.19% [16/21], p <0.05). At 6-month follow-up, the symptoms and clinical signs of patients in early-stage group were significantly improved compared with baseline, the average scores of itching, skin elasticity, whitening and lesion range were significantly lower than the scores before treatment (p <0.05). In late-stage group, The decrease in scores of itching, whitening and lesion range at the 6-months follow-up is significant(p <0.05), but skin elasticity (p=0.0625). On post-treatment follow-up examination, FSFI score was seen to have significantly improved in early-stage patients(from a median score of 17.45 to 21.1, p<0.05); DLQI also significantly improved after treatment (from a median score of 7 to 4, p<0.05). In late stage patients, The DLQI score improved significantly after treatment (from a median score of 18 to 15, p<0.05). However, the improvement in sexual function is not statistically significant (pre-treatment: median=10.55, post-treatment: median=10, p=0.1865). CONCLUSION Photodynamic therapy can effectively improve most symptoms and clinical signs, as well as quality of life of patients with VLS, especially for earlly stage patients. Moreover, improvement in sexual function is observed in early stage patients after PDT treatment. This study suggests that early and timely PDT treatment are recommended to achieve better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Zhongyu Qu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xiangqin Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Guoying Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Hao Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xueyan Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
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21
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Cao Z, Liu C, Wen J, Lu Y. Innovative Formulation Platform: Paving the Way for Superior Protein Therapeutics with Enhanced Efficacy and Broadened Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403116. [PMID: 38819929 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Protein therapeutics offer high therapeutic potency and specificity; the broader adoptions and development of protein therapeutics, however, have been constricted by their intrinsic limitations such as inadequate stability, immunogenicity, suboptimal pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, and off-target effects. This review describes a platform technology that formulates individual protein molecules with a thin formulation layer of crosslinked polymers, which confers the protein therapeutics with high activity, enhanced stability, controlled release capability, reduced immunogenicity, improved pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, and ability to cross the blood brain barriers. Based on currently approved protein therapeutics, this formulating platform affords the development of a vast family of superior protein therapeutics with improved efficacy and broadened indications at significantly reduced cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chaoyong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA AIDS Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90066, USA
| | - Yunfeng Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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22
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Krupka-Olek M, Bożek A, Czuba ZP, Kłósek M, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A. Cytotoxic and Immunomodulatory Effects of Hypericin as a Photosensitizer in Photodynamic Therapy Used on Skin Cell Cultures. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:696. [PMID: 38931819 PMCID: PMC11207107 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Determination of the hypericin-photodynamic (HY-PDT) effect on the secretion of cytokines secreted by the skin cells, may be the basis for using the immunomodulatory effect of photodynamic action in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. The study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects of hypericin (HY) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) performed in vitro on cultures of selected skin cell lines. The study used two human cell lines, primary dermal fibroblast (HDFa) and primary epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa). The MTT test was used to define the metabolic activity of treated cells. Cell supernatants subjected to sublethal PDT were assessed to determine the interleukins: IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, IL-11, IL-19, IL-22, and metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1). The results confirm the destructive effect of HY-PDT and the immunomodulatory effects of sublethal doses on the selected skin cells, depending on the concentration of HY and the light doses. No statistically significant differences were noted in IL-2 and IL-10 concentration after HY-PDT for HEKa and HDFa lines. After using HY-PDT, the concentration of IL-8, MMP-1, IL-22, and IL-11 significantly decreased in the HEKa line. Moreover, the concentration of IL-19 and MMP-1 significantly decreased in the HDFa line. The concentration of IL-11 in the HDFa line after using only the HY, without the light, increased but decreased after HY-PDT. Our experiment confirmed that HY-PDT has not only a cytotoxic effect but, used in sublethal doses, also presents immunomodulatory properties. These may be an advantage of HY-PDT when used in the treatment of persistent skin inflammation, connected with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines resistant to conventional treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Krupka-Olek
- Doctoral School of the Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
- Clinical Department of Internal Diseases and Geriatrics, Chair of Internal Diseases, Dermatology and Allergology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Bożek
- Clinical Department of Internal Diseases and Geriatrics, Chair of Internal Diseases, Dermatology and Allergology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Zenon P. Czuba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (Z.P.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Kłósek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (Z.P.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
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23
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Girotti AW, Korytowski W. Upregulation of iNOS/NO in Cancer Cells That Survive a Photodynamic Challenge: Role of No in Accelerated Cell Migration and Invasion. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5697. [PMID: 38891885 PMCID: PMC11171770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a unique modality that employs a photosensitizer (PS), PS-exciting light, and O2 to generate cytotoxic oxidants. For various reasons, not all malignant cells in any given tumor will succumb to a PDT challenge. Previous studies by the authors revealed that nitric oxide (NO) from inducible NO synthase (iNOS/NOS2) plays a key role in tumor cell resistance and also stimulation of migratory/invasive aggressiveness of surviving cells. iNOS was the only NOS isoform implicated in these effects. Significantly, NO from stress-upregulated iNOS was much more important in this regard than NO from preexisting enzymes. Greater NO-dependent resistance, migration, and invasion was observed with at least three different cancer cell lines, and this was attenuated by iNOS activity inhibitors, NO scavengers, or an iNOS transcriptional inhibitor. NO diffusing from PDT-targeted cells also stimulated migration/invasion potency of non-targeted bystander cells. Unless counteracted by appropriate measures, all these effects could seriously compromise clinical PDT efficacy. Here, we will review specific examples of these negative side effects of PDT and how they might be suppressed by adjuvants such as NO scavengers or inhibitors of iNOS activity or expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert W. Girotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Witold Korytowski
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland;
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24
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Winslow M, Hazelby A, Robinson D. Spin-Restricted Descriptions of Singlet Oxygen Reactions from XMS-CASPT2 Benchmarks. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4128-4137. [PMID: 38739627 PMCID: PMC11129307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Reactions of singlet oxygen are numerous, some of which are desired but many are unwanted. Therefore, the ability to correctly predict and interpret this reactivity for complex molecular systems is essential to our understanding of singlet oxygen reactions. DFT is widely used for predicting many reactions but is not suited to degenerate electronic structures; application to isolated singlet oxygen often uses the spin-unrestricted formalism, which results in severe spin contamination. In this work, we demonstrate that spin-restricted DFT can correctly describe the reaction pathway for four prototypical singlet oxygen reactions. By careful benchmarking with XMS-CASPT2, we show that, from the first transition state onward, the degeneracy of the 1Δg state is broken due to differing interactions of the (degenerate) π* orbitals with the organic substrate; this result is well replicated with DFT. These findings demonstrate the utility of using spin-restricted DFT to explore reactions, opening the way to confidently use this computationally efficient method for molecular systems of medium to large organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Hazelby
- Department of Chemistry and
Forensics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United
Kingdom
| | - David Robinson
- Department of Chemistry and
Forensics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United
Kingdom
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25
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Campbell JW, Tung MT, Taylor BB, Beharry AA, Thompson A. A series of potent BODIPY photosensitisers featuring tellurophene motifs at boron. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4157-4162. [PMID: 38715527 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00546e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
This article describes the synthesis and photophysical properties of a series of BODIPY photosensitisers that feature tellurophene motifs appended at the boron centre. These compounds were obtained via nucleophilic substitution of various F-BODIPYs with lithiated tellurophene. The synthetic scope, photophysical characteristics and photosensitisation properties are discussed. Structural modifications around the BODIPY core resulted in an eight-fold improvement in light IC50 values compared to previous designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J3, Canada
| | - Matthew T Tung
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Breanna B Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J3, Canada
| | - Andrew A Beharry
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Alison Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J3, Canada
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26
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Timilsina S, Saad MA, Lang RT, Hasan T, Spring BQ. Methods for assessing and removing non-specific photoimmunotherapy damage in patient-derived tumor cell culture models. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38728432 DOI: 10.1111/php.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-targeted, activatable photoimmunotherapy (taPIT) has been shown to selectively destroy tumor in a metastatic mouse model. However, the photoimmunoconjugate (PIC) used for taPIT includes a small fraction of non-covalently associated (free) benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD), which leads to non-specific killing in vitro. Here, we report a new treatment protocol for patient-derived primary tumor cell cultures ultrasensitive to BPD photodynamic therapy (BPD-PDT). Based on free BPD efflux dynamics, the updated in vitro taPIT protocol precludes non-specific BPD-PDT by silencing the effect of free BPD. Following incubation with PIC, incubating cells with PIC-free medium allows time for expulsion of free BPD whereas BPD covalently bound to PIC fragments is retained. Administration of the light dose after the intracellular free BPD drops below the threshold for inducing cell death helps to mitigate non-specific damage. In this study, we tested two primary ovarian tumor cell lines that are intrinsically chemoresistant, yet ultrasensitive to BPD-PDT such that small amounts of free BPD (a few percent of the total BPD dose) lead to potent induction of cell death upon irradiation. The modifications in the protocol suggested here improve in vitro taPIT experiments that lack in vivo mechanisms of free BPD clearance (i.e., lymph and blood flow).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Timilsina
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mohammad Ahsan Saad
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan T Lang
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bryan Q Spring
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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27
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Acquah C, Pabis Z, Seth SK, Levi L, Crespo-Hernández CE. Low-cost, 3D printed irradiation system for in vitro photodynamic therapy experiments. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:530-540. [PMID: 37929322 DOI: 10.1111/php.13878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of a suitable irradiation setup is essential for in vitro experiments in photodynamic therapy (PDT). While various irradiation systems have been developed for PDT, only a few offer practical and high-quality setups for precise and reproducible results in cell culture experiments. This report introduces a cost-effective illumination setup designed for in vitro photodynamic treatments. The setup consists of a commercially available light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, a cooling unit, and a specially designed 3D-printed enclosure to accommodate a multiwell plate insert. The LED lamp is versatile, supporting various irradiation wavelengths and adjustable illumination fields, ensuring consistent and reliable performance. The study evaluates the setup through various parameters, including photon flux density, illumination uniformity, photon distribution across the multiwell plate, and temperature changes during irradiation. In addition, the effectiveness of the LED-based illumination system is tested by treating mouse mammary breast carcinoma cells (4T1) with Rose Bengal and LED irradiation at around 525 nm. The resulting IC50 of 5.2 ± 0.9 μM and a minimum media temperature change of ca. 1.2°C indicate a highly promising LED-based setup that offers a cost-effective and technically feasible solution for achieving consistent, reproducible, and uniform irradiation, enhancing research capabilities and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Acquah
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zachary Pabis
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sourav Kanti Seth
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Liraz Levi
- Celloram Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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28
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Komatsu N, Kosai A, Kuroda M, Hamakubo T, Abe T. Cetuximab-Toxin Conjugate and NPe6 with Light Enhanced Cytotoxic Effects in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro. Biomedicines 2024; 12:973. [PMID: 38790935 PMCID: PMC11117702 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer-targeted treatment that uses a photosensitizer (PS) and irradiation of a specific wavelength to exert cytotoxic effects. To enhance the antitumor effect against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we developed a new phototherapy, intelligent targeted antibody phototherapy (iTAP). This treatment uses a combination of immunotoxin (IT) and a PS for PDT and light irradiation. In our prior study, we demonstrated that an immunotoxin (IT) consisting of an anti-ROBO1 antibody conjugated to saporin, when used in combination with the photosensitizer (PS) disulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPcS2a) and irradiated with light at the appropriate wavelength, resulted in increased cytotoxicity against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. ROBO1 is a receptor known to be involved in the progression of cancer. In this study, we newly investigate the iTAP targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which is widely used as a therapeutic target for HNSCC. METHODS We checked the expression of EGFR in HNSCC cell lines, SAS, HO-1-u-1, Sa3, and HSQ-89. We analyzed the cytotoxicity of saporin-conjugated anti-EGFR antibody (cetuximab) (IT-Cmab), mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6 (NPe6, talaporfin sodium), and light (664 nm) irradiation (i.e., iTAP) in SAS, HO-1-u-1, Sa3, and HSQ-89 cells. RESULTS EGFR was expressed highly in Sa3, moderately in HO-1-u-1, SAS, and nearly not in HSQ-89. Cmab alone or IT-Cmab alone did not show cytotoxic effects in Sa3, HO-1-u-1, and HSQ-89 cells, which have moderate or low expression levels of EGFR protein. However, the iTAP method enhanced the cytotoxicity of IT-Cmab by the photodynamic effect in Sa3 and HO-1-u-1 cells, which have moderate levels of EGFR expression. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to report on the iTAP method using IT-Cmab and NPe6 for HNSCC. The cytotoxic effects are enhanced in cell lines with moderate levels of EGFR protein expression, but not in nonexpressing cell lines, which is expected to expand the range of therapeutic windows and potentially reduce complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Komatsu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8570, Japan; (N.K.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Azuma Kosai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8570, Japan; (N.K.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Mikako Kuroda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8570, Japan; (N.K.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
| | | | - Takahiro Abe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8570, Japan; (N.K.); (A.K.); (M.K.)
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29
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Turkmen Koc SN, Rezaei Benam S, Aral IP, Shahbazi R, Ulubayram K. Gold nanoparticles-mediated photothermal and photodynamic therapies for cancer. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:124057. [PMID: 38552752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the major causes of death globally, with one out of every six deaths attributed to the disease. The impact of cancer is felt on psychological, physical, and financial levels, affecting individuals, communities, and healthcare institutions. Conventional cancer treatments have many challenges and inadequacies. Nanomedicine, however, presents a promising solution by not only overcoming these problems but also offering the advantage of combined therapy for treatment-resistant cancers. Nanoparticles specifically engineered for use in nanomedicine can be efficiently targeted to cancer cells through a combination of active and passive techniques, leading to superior tumor-specific accumulation, enhanced drug availability, and reduced systemic toxicity. Among various nanoparticle formulations designed for cancer treatment, gold nanoparticles have gained prominence in the field of nanomedicine due to their photothermal, photodynamic, and immunologic effects without the need for photosensitizers or immunotherapeutic agents. To date, there is no comprehensive literature review that focuses on the photothermal, photodynamic, and immunologic effects of gold nanoparticles. In this review, significant attention has been devoted to examining the parameters pertaining to the structure of gold nanoparticles and laser characteristics, which play a crucial role in influencing the efficacy of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Moreover, this article provides insights into the success of PTT and PDT mediated by gold nanoparticles in primary cancer treatment, as well as the immunological effects of PTT and PDT on metastasis and recurrence, providing a promising strategy for cancer therapy. In summary, gold nanoparticles, with their unique properties, have the potential for clinical application in various cancer therapies, including the treatment of primary cancer, recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyma Nur Turkmen Koc
- Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Sanam Rezaei Benam
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Ipek Pınar Aral
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Reza Shahbazi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA; Tumor Microenvironment & Metastasis, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, USA; Brown Center for Immunotherapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA.
| | - Kezban Ulubayram
- Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye; Department of Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye.
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30
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Wijesinghe RE, Kahatapitiya NS, Lee C, Han S, Kim S, Saleah SA, Seong D, Silva BN, Wijenayake U, Ravichandran NK, Jeon M, Kim J. Growing Trend to Adopt Speckle Variance Optical Coherence Tomography for Biological Tissue Assessments in Pre-Clinical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:564. [PMID: 38793137 PMCID: PMC11122893 DOI: 10.3390/mi15050564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Speckle patterns are a generic feature in coherent imaging techniques like optical coherence tomography (OCT). Although speckles are granular like noise texture, which degrades the image, they carry information that can be benefited by processing and thereby furnishing crucial information of sample structures, which can serve to provide significant important structural details of samples in in vivo longitudinal pre-clinical monitoring and assessments. Since the motions of tissue molecules are indicated through speckle patterns, speckle variance OCT (SV-OCT) can be well-utilized for quantitative assessments of speckle variance (SV) in biological tissues. SV-OCT has been acknowledged as a promising method for mapping microvasculature in transverse-directional blood vessels with high resolution in micrometers in both the transverse and depth directions. The fundamental scope of this article reviews the state-of-the-art and clinical benefits of SV-OCT to assess biological tissues for pre-clinical applications. In particular, focus on precise quantifications of in vivo vascular response, therapy assessments, and real-time temporal vascular effects of SV-OCT are primarily emphasized. Finally, SV-OCT-incorporating pre-clinical techniques with high potential are presented for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchire Eranga Wijesinghe
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe 10115, Sri Lanka;
- Center for Excellence in Intelligent Informatics, Electronics & Transmission (CIET), Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe 10115, Sri Lanka
| | - Nipun Shantha Kahatapitiya
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; (N.S.K.); (U.W.)
| | - Changho Lee
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hwasun Hospital, 264, Seoyang-ro, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyeob Han
- ICT Convergence Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinheon Kim
- ICT Convergence Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sm Abu Saleah
- ICT Convergence Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Daewoon Seong
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhagya Nathali Silva
- Center for Excellence in Intelligent Informatics, Electronics & Transmission (CIET), Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe 10115, Sri Lanka
- Faculty of Computing, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe 10115, Sri Lanka
| | - Udaya Wijenayake
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; (N.S.K.); (U.W.)
| | - Naresh Kumar Ravichandran
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Mansik Jeon
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehyun Kim
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, College of IT Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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31
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Mendes de Almeida Junior A, Ferreira AS, Camacho SA, Gontijo Moreira L, de Toledo KA, Oliveira ON, Aoki PHB. Enhancing Phototoxicity in Human Colorectal Tumor Cells Through Nanoarchitectonics for Synergistic Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38652860 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Phototherapies are promising for noninvasive treatment of aggressive tumors, especially when combining heat induction and oxidative processes. Herein, we show enhanced phototoxicity of gold shell-isolated nanorods conjugated with toluidine blue-O (AuSHINRs@TBO) against human colorectal tumor cells (Caco-2) with synergic effects of photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic therapies (PDT). Mitochondrial metabolic activity tests (MTT) performed on Caco-2 cell cultures indicated a photothermal effect from AuSHINRs owing to enhanced light absorption from the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The phototoxicity against Caco-2 cells was further increased with AuSHINRs@TBO where oxidative processes, such as hydroperoxidation, were also present, leading to a cell viability reduction from 85.5 to 39.0%. The molecular-level mechanisms responsible for these effects were investigated on bioinspired tumor membranes using Langmuir monolayers of Caco-2 lipid extract. Polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) revealed that the AuSHINRs@TBO incorporation is due to attractive electrostatic interactions with negatively charged groups of the Caco-2 lipid extract, resulting in the expansion of surface pressure isotherms. Upon irradiation, Caco-2 lipid extract monolayers containing AuSHINRs@TBO (1:1 v/v) exhibited ca. 1.0% increase in surface area. This is attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their interaction with Caco-2 lipid extract monolayers, leading to hydroperoxide formation. The oxidative effects are facilitated by AuSHINRs@TBO penetration into the polar groups of the extract, allowing oxidative reactions with carbon chain unsaturations. These mechanisms are consistent with findings from confocal fluorescence microscopy, where the Caco-2 plasma membrane was the primary site of the cell death induction process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Satoshi Ferreira
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Aléssio Camacho
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gontijo Moreira
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil
| | - Karina Alves de Toledo
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Benites Aoki
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil
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Kim C, Mai DK, Lee J, Jo J, Kim S, Badon IW, Lim JM, Kim HJ, Yang J. Triphenylphosphonium-functionalized dimeric BODIPY-based nanoparticles for mitochondria-targeting photodynamic therapy. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38639449 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00694a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The dimerization of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) moieties is an appealing molecular design approach for developing heavy-atom-free triplet photosensitizers (PSs). However, BODIPY dimer-based PSs generally lack target specificity, which limits their clinical use for photodynamic therapy. This study reports the synthesis of two mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphonium (TPP)-functionalized meso-β directly linked BODIPY dimers (BTPP and BeTPP). Both BODIPY dimers exhibited solvent-polarity-dependent singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yields, with maximum values of 0.84 and 0.55 for BTPP and BeTPP, respectively, in tetrahydrofuran. The compact orthogonal geometry of the BODIPY dimers facilitated the generation of triplet excited states via photoinduced charge separation (CS) and subsequent spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) processes and their rates were dependent on the energetic configuration between the frontier molecular orbitals of the two BODIPY subunits. The as-synthesized compounds were amphiphilic and hence formed stable nanoparticles (∼36 nm in diameter) in aqueous solutions, with a zeta potential of ∼33 mV beneficial for mitochondrial targeting. In vitro experiments with MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cells indicated the effective localization of BTPP and BeTPP within cancer-cell mitochondria. Under light irradiation, BTPP and BeTPP exhibited robust photo-induced therapeutic effects in both cell lines, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of ∼30 and ∼55 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, Korea.
| | - Duy Khuong Mai
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Joomin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Jinwoong Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, Korea.
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, Korea.
| | - Isabel Wen Badon
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jong Min Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Ho-Joong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.
| | - Jaesung Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, Korea.
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Liu J, Yang X, Wu S, Gong P, Pan F, Zhang P, Lee CS, Liu C, Wong KMC. Iridium(III) complexes decorated with silicane-modified rhodamine: near-infrared light-initiated photosensitizers for efficient deep-tissue penetration photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3710-3718. [PMID: 38529668 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00075g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Meeting the demand for efficient photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT), a series of iridium(III) complexes decorated with silicane-modified rhodamine (Si-rhodamine) was meticulously designed and synthesized. These complexes demonstrate exceptional PDT potential owing to their strong absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum, particularly responsive to 808 nm laser stimulation. This feature is pivotal, enabling deep-penetration laser excitation and overcoming depth-related challenges in clinical PDT applications. The molecular structures of these complexes allow for reliable tuning of singlet oxygen generation with NIR excitation, through modification of the cyclometalating ligand. Notably, one of the complexes (4) exhibits a remarkable ROS quantum yield of 0.69. In vivo results underscore the efficacy of 4, showcasing significant tumor regression at depths of up to 8.4 mm. This study introduces a promising paradigm for designing photosensitizers capable of harnessing NIR light effectively for deep PDT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Siye Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ping Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Fan Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Chi-Sing Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chuangjun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, 463000 Zhumadian, China
| | - Keith Man-Chung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Naganawa R, Zhao H, Takano Y, Maeki M, Tokeshi M, Harashima H, Yamada Y. Investigation of the Nanoparticulation Method and Cell-Killing Effect following the Mitochondrial Delivery of Hydrophobic Porphyrin-Based Photosensitizers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4294. [PMID: 38673875 PMCID: PMC11050504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is expected to be a less invasive treatment, and strategies for targeting mitochondria, the main sources of singlet oxygen, are attracting attention to increase the efficacy of photodynamic therapy and reduce its side effects. To date, we have succeeded in encapsulating the photosensitizer rTPA into MITO-Porter (MP), a mitochondria-targeted Drug Delivery System (DDS), aimed at mitochondrial delivery of the photosensitizer while maintaining its activity. In this study, we report the results of our studies to alleviate rTPA aggregation in an effort to improve drug efficacy and assess the usefulness of modifying the rTPA side chain to improve the mitochondrial retention of MITO-Porter, which exhibits high therapeutic efficacy. Conventional rTPA with anionic side chains and two rTPA analogs with side chains that were converted to neutral or cationic side chains were encapsulated into MITO-Porter. Low-MP (MITO-Porter with Low Drug/Lipid) exhibited high drug efficacy for all three types of rTPA, and in Low-MP, charged rTPA-encapsulated MP exhibited high drug efficacy. The cellular uptake and mitochondrial translocation capacities were similar for all particles, suggesting that differences in aggregation rates during the incorporation of rTPA into MITO-Porter resulted in differences in drug efficacy.
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Grants
- 23H00541 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H01753 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21K19928 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Special Education and Research Expenses Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JPMJFR203X Japan Science and Technology Agency
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Naganawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hanjun Zhao
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Yuta Takano
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan (Y.T.)
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 010-0020, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Maeki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Manabu Tokeshi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuma Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Fusion Oriented Research for Disruptive Science and Technology (FOREST) Program, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Thiruppathi J, Vijayan V, Park IK, Lee SE, Rhee JH. Enhancing cancer immunotherapy with photodynamic therapy and nanoparticle: making tumor microenvironment hotter to make immunotherapeutic work better. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1375767. [PMID: 38646546 PMCID: PMC11026591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1375767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has made tremendous advancements in treating various malignancies. The biggest hurdle to successful immunotherapy would be the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and low immunogenicity of cancer cells. To make immunotherapy successful, the 'cold' TME must be converted to 'hot' immunostimulatory status to activate residual host immune responses. To this end, the immunosuppressive equilibrium in TME should be broken, and immunogenic cancer cell death ought to be induced to stimulate tumor-killing immune cells appropriately. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an efficient way of inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) of cancer cells and disrupting immune-restrictive tumor tissues. PDT would trigger a chain reaction that would make the TME 'hot' and have ICD-induced tumor antigens presented to immune cells. In principle, the strategic combination of PDT and immunotherapy would synergize to enhance therapeutic outcomes in many intractable tumors. Novel technologies employing nanocarriers were developed to deliver photosensitizers and immunotherapeutic to TME efficiently. New-generation nanomedicines have been developed for PDT immunotherapy in recent years, which will accelerate clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayalakshmi Thiruppathi
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy Medical Research Center (MRC), Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Veena Vijayan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Park
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Biomolecular Theranostics (BiT) Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Shee Eun Lee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy Medical Research Center (MRC), Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- National Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
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Bright SA, Erby M, Poynton FE, Monteyne D, Pérez-Morga D, Gunnlaugsson T, Williams DC, Elmes RBP. Tracking the cellular uptake and phototoxicity of Ru(ii)-polypyridyl-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's base conjugates. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:344-359. [PMID: 38576718 PMCID: PMC10989513 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00206c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium(ii) complexes are attracting significant research attention as a promising class of photosensitizers (PSs) in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Having previously reported the synthesis of two novel Ru(ii)-polypyridyl-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's base compounds 1 and 2 with interesting photophysical properties, where the emission from either the Ru(ii) polypyridyl centres or the naphthalimide moieties could be used to monitor binding to nucleic acids, we sought to use these compounds to investigate further and in more detail their biological profiling, which included unravelling their mechanism of cellular uptake, cellular trafficking and cellular responses to photoexcitation. Here we demonstrate that these compounds undergo rapid time dependent uptake in HeLa cells that involved energy dependent, caveolae and lipid raft-dependent mediated endocytosis, as demonstrated by confocal imaging, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Following endocytosis, both compounds were shown to localise to mostly lysosomal and Golgi apparatus compartments with some accumulation in mitochondria but no localisation was found to the nucleus. Upon photoactivation, the compounds increased ROS production and induced ROS-dependent apoptotic cell death. The photo-activated compounds subsequently induced DNA damage and altered tubulin, but not actin structures, which was likely to be an indirect effect of ROS production and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, by changing the concentration of the compounds or the laser used to illuminate the cells, the mechanism of cell death could be changed from apoptosis to necrosis. This is the first detailed biological study of Ru(ii)-polypyridyl Tröger's bases and clearly suggests caveolae-dependent endocytosis is responsible for cell uptake - this may also explain the lack of nuclear uptake for these compounds and similar results observed for other Ru(ii)-polypyridyl complexes. These conjugates are potential candidates for further development as PDT agents and may also be useful in mechanistic studies on cell uptake and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Bright
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8962596
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8963459
| | - MariaLuisa Erby
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8962596
| | - Fergus E Poynton
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8963459
| | - Daniel Monteyne
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM-DBM Université Libre de Bruxelles Gosselies Belgium
| | - David Pérez-Morga
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Moléculaire, IBMM-DBM Université Libre de Bruxelles Gosselies Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging CMMI Université Libre de Bruxelles Gosselies Belgium
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8963459
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), University of Limerick Ireland
| | - D Clive Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland +353 1 8962596
| | - Robert B P Elmes
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), University of Limerick Ireland
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland +353 1708 4615
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland
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Felčíková K, Hovan A, Polák M, Loginov DS, Holotová V, Díaz C, Kožár T, Lee O, Varhač R, Novák P, Bánó G, Sedlák E. Design of AsLOV2 domain as a carrier of light-induced dissociable FMN photosensitizer. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4921. [PMID: 38501448 PMCID: PMC10949324 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) is a highly efficient photosensitizer (PS) yielding singlet oxygen (1 O2 ). However, its 1 O2 production efficiency significantly decreases upon isoalloxazine ring encapsulation into the protein matrix in genetically encoded photosensitizers (GEPS). Reducing isoalloxazine ring interactions with surrounding amino acids by protein engineering may increase 1 O2 production efficiency GEPS, but at the same time weakened native FMN-protein interactions may cause undesirable FMN dissociation. Here, in contrast, we intentionally induce the FMN release by light-triggered sulfur oxidation of strategically placed cysteines (oxidation-prone amino acids) in the isoalloxazine-binding site due to significantly increased volume of the cysteinyl side residue(s). As a proof of concept, in three variants of the LOV2 domain of Avena sativa (AsLOV2), namely V416C, T418C, and V416C/T418C, the effective 1 O2 production strongly correlated with the efficiency of irradiation-induced FMN dissociation (wild type (WT) < V416C < T418C < V416C/T418C). This alternative approach enables us: (i) to overcome the low 1 O2 production efficiency of flavin-based GEPSs without affecting native isoalloxazine ring-protein interactions and (ii) to utilize AsLOV2, due to its inherent binding propensity to FMN, as a PS vehicle, which is released at a target by light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristína Felčíková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik UniversityKošiceSlovakia
| | - Andrej Hovan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik UniversityKošiceSlovakia
| | - Marek Polák
- Institute of Microbiology ‐ BioCeV, Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPragueCzech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Dmitry S. Loginov
- Institute of Microbiology ‐ BioCeV, Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPragueCzech Republic
| | - Veronika Holotová
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation ParkP.J. Šafárik UniversityKošiceSlovakia
| | - Carlos Díaz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation ParkP.J. Šafárik UniversityKošiceSlovakia
| | - Tibor Kožár
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation ParkP.J. Šafárik UniversityKošiceSlovakia
| | - One‐Sun Lee
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation ParkP.J. Šafárik UniversityKošiceSlovakia
| | - Rastislav Varhač
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik UniversityKošiceSlovakia
| | - Petr Novák
- Institute of Microbiology ‐ BioCeV, Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPragueCzech Republic
| | - Gregor Bánó
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik UniversityKošiceSlovakia
| | - Erik Sedlák
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation ParkP.J. Šafárik UniversityKošiceSlovakia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceP.J. Šafárik UniversityKošiceSlovakia
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Allison RR, Huang Z, Dallimore I, Moghissi K. Tools of clinical Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): A Mini Compendium. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 46:104058. [PMID: 38513811 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Unlike surgical instruments and endoscopic equipment, Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) devices are not readily available or accessible to the clinicians who may like to add this form of treatment modality for selected patients and on an ad hock basis. There is in fact a vacuum in finding the "tools" of PDT for those clinicians who are not part of a "Centre" with a built-in knowledge base and contacts for manufacturers. In this compendium the Yorkshire Laser Centre /YLC in the UK, (the Project of the Moghissi Laser Trust - (Charity number 326689) requested three experienced clinicians (RA, ZH, KM) to produce essential information on the use of and equipment for PDT in the clinic. The YLC also sponsored a researcher (ID) to search and compile a detailed but non-exhaustive list of approved photosensitizing agents, pharmaceutical companies, light sources and laser manufacturers with appropriate delivery devices for PDT. Thus, this Mini -Compendium is the end result of what is hoped to be a useful adjunct for practitioners, scientists and students of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron R Allison
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Federal Medical Center, NC, USA.
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Huynh M, Vinck R, Gibert B, Gasser G. Strategies for the Nuclear Delivery of Metal Complexes to Cancer Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311437. [PMID: 38174785 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The nucleus is an essential organelle for the function of cells. It holds most of the genetic material and plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. Since many antitumoral therapies target nucleic acids to induce cell death, tumor-specific nuclear drug delivery could potentiate therapeutic effects and prevent potential off-target side effects on healthy tissue. Due to their great structural variety, good biocompatibility, and unique physico-chemical properties, organometallic complexes and other metal-based compounds have sparked great interest as promising anticancer agents. In this review, strategies for specific nuclear delivery of metal complexes are summarized and discussed to highlight crucial parameters to consider for the design of new metal complexes as anticancer drug candidates. Moreover, the existing opportunities and challenges of tumor-specific, nucleus-targeting metal complexes are emphasized to outline some new perspectives and help in the design of new cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Huynh
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry, Paris, F-75005, France
- Gastroenterology and technologies for Health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Robin Vinck
- Orano, 125 avenue de Paris, Châtillon, 92320, France
| | - Benjamin Gibert
- Gastroenterology and technologies for Health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry, Paris, F-75005, France
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Gierke AM, Hessling M. Photoinactivation by UVA radiation and visible light of Candida auris compared to other fungi. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:681-692. [PMID: 38446403 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
In addition to the rising number of patients affected by viruses and bacteria, the number of fungal infections has also been rising over the years. Due to the increase in resistance to various antimycotics, investigations into further disinfection options are important. In this study, two yeasts (Candida auris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and a mold (Cladosporium cladosporioides) were irradiated at 365, 400, and 450 nm individually. The resulting log 1 reduction doses were determined and compared with other studies. Furthermore, fluorescence measurements of C. auris were performed to detect possible involved photosensitizers. A roughly exponential photoinactivation was observed for all three fungi and all irradiation wavelengths with higher D90 doses for longer wavelengths. The determined log 1 reduction doses of C. auris and S. cerevisiae converged with increasing wavelength. However, S. cerevisiae was more photosensitive than C. auris for all irradiation wavelengths and is therefore not a suitable C. auris surrogate for photoinactivation experiments. For the mold C. cladosporioides, much higher D90 doses were determined than for both yeasts. Concerning potential photosensitizers, flavins and various porphyrins were detected by fluorescence measurements. By excitation at 365 nm, another, so far unreported fluorophore and potential photosensitizer was also observed. Based on its fluorescence spectrum, we assume it to be thiamine.Graphic abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Gierke
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Mechatronics, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Martin Hessling
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Mechatronics, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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Rahman KMM, Kumbham S, Bist G, Woo S, Foster BA, You Y. Comparison of red and green light for treating non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in rats using singlet oxygen-cleavable prodrugs with PPIX-PDT. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38533776 DOI: 10.1111/php.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
It has been 30 years since Photofrin-PDT was approved for the treatment of bladder cancer in Canada. However, Photofrin-PDT failed to gain popularity due to bladder complications. The PDT with red light and IV-administered Photofrin could permanently damage the bladder muscle. We have been developing a new combination strategy of PpIX-PDT with singlet oxygen-cleavable prodrugs for NMIBC with minimal side effects, avoiding damage to the bladder muscle layer. PpIX can be excited by either green (532 nm) or red (635 nm) light. Red light could be more efficacious in vivo due to its deeper tissue penetration than green light. Since HAL preferentially produces PpIX in tumors, we hypothesized that illuminating PpIX with red light might spare the muscle layer. PpIX-PDT was used to compare green and red laser efficacy in vitro and in vivo. The IC50 of in vitro PpIX-PDT was 18 mW/cm2 with the red laser and 22 mW/cm2 with the green laser. The in vivo efficacy of the red laser with 50, 75, and 100 mW total dose was similar to the same dose of green laser in reducing tumor volume. Combining PpIX-PDT with prodrugs methyl-linked mitomycin C (Mt-L-MMC) and rhodamine-linked SN-38 (Rh-L-SN-38) significantly improved efficacy (tumor volume comparison). PpIX-PDT or PpIX-PDT + prodrug combination did not cause muscle damage in histological analysis. Overall, a combination of PpIX-PDT and prodrug with 635 nm laser is promising for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Md Mahabubur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Soniya Kumbham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ganesh Bist
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sukyung Woo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Barbara A Foster
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Youngjae You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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42
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Tsang CY, Zhang Y. Nanomaterials for light-mediated therapeutics in deep tissue. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2898-2931. [PMID: 38265834 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Light-mediated therapeutics, including photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy and light-triggered drug delivery, have been widely studied due to their high specificity and effective therapy. However, conventional light-mediated therapies usually depend on the activation of light-sensitive molecules with UV or visible light, which have poor penetration in biological tissues. Over the past decade, efforts have been made to engineer nanosystems that can generate luminescence through excitation with near-infrared (NIR) light, ultrasound or X-ray. Certain nanosystems can even carry out light-mediated therapy through chemiluminescence, eliminating the need for external activation. Compared to UV or visible light, these 4 excitation modes penetrate more deeply into biological tissues, triggering light-mediated therapy in deeper tissues. In this review, we systematically report the design and mechanisms of different luminescent nanosystems excited by the 4 excitation sources, methods to enhance the generated luminescence, and recent applications of such nanosystems in deep tissue light-mediated therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Yin Tsang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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43
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Oskroba A, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Myśliwiec A, Dynarowicz K, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Aebisher D. Photodynamic Therapy and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2974. [PMID: 38474220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the third most common cause of death in the world. The most common are heart attacks and stroke. Cardiovascular diseases are a global problem monitored by many centers, including the World Health Organization (WHO). Atherosclerosis is one aspect that significantly influences the development and management of cardiovascular diseases. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the therapeutic methods used for various types of inflammatory, cancerous and non-cancer diseases. Currently, it is not practiced very often in the field of cardiology. It is most often practiced and tested experimentally under in vitro experimental conditions. In clinical practice, the use of PDT is still rare. The aim of this review was to characterize the effectiveness of PDT in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, the most frequently used photosensitizers in cardiology are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Oskroba
- Science Club, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Rahman KMM, Bist G, Kumbham S, Foster BA, Woo S, You Y. Mitochondrial targeting improves the selectivity of singlet-oxygen cleavable prodrugs in NMIBC treatment. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38433310 DOI: 10.1111/php.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in cancer treatment by providing apoptotic signals. Hexyl aminolevulinate, an FDA-approved diagnosis for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, induces the production of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) preferentially by mitochondria in cancer cells. Photosensitizer PpIX upon illumination can release active chemotherapy drugs from singlet oxygen-activatable prodrugs. Prodrugs placed close enough to PpIX formed in mitochondria can improve the antitumor efficiency of PpIX-PDT. The preferred uptake of prodrugs by cancer cells and tumors can further enhance the selective damage of cancer cells over non-cancer cells and surrounding normal tissues. Mitochondriotropic prodrugs of anticancer drugs, such as paclitaxel and SN-38, were synthesized using rhodamine, a mitochondrial-targeting moiety. In vitro, the mitochondrial targeting helped achieve preferential cellular uptake in cancer cells. In RT112 cells (human bladder cancer cells), intracellular prodrug concentrations were 2-3 times higher than the intracellular prodrug concentrations in BdEC cells (human bladder epithelial cells), after 2 h incubation. In an orthotopic rat bladder tumor model, mitochondria-targeted prodrugs achieved as much as 34 times higher prodrug diffusion in the tumor area compared to the nontumor bladder area. Overall, mitochondria targeting made prodrugs more effective in targeting cancer cells and tumors over non-tumor areas, thereby reducing nonspecific toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Md Mahabubur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ganesh Bist
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Soniya Kumbham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Barbara A Foster
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sukyung Woo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Youngjae You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Hu Y, Wang D, Zhang T, Lei M, Luo Y, Chen Z, Li Y, Duan D, Zhang L, Zhu Y. Combined Photosensitive Gene Therapy Effective Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Mice Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1809-1825. [PMID: 38414523 PMCID: PMC10898360 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s449042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tumor hypoxia and invasion present significant challenges for the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study developed a mitochondrial targeting strategy that combined PDT and gene therapy to promote each other and address the challenges. Methods The positively charged amphiphilic material triphenylphosphine-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPP-TPGS, TPS) and the photosensitizer chloride e6 (Ce6) formed TPS@Ce6 nanoparticles (NPs) by hydrophobic interaction. They electrostatically condensed microRNA-34a (miR-34a) to form stable TPS@Ce6/miRNA NPs. Results Firstly, Ce6 disrupted the lysosomal membrane, followed by successful delivery of miR-34a by TPS@Ce6/miRNA NPs. Meanwhile, miR-34a reduced ROS depletion and further enhanced the effectiveness of PDT. Consequently, the mutual promotion between PDT and gene therapy led to enhanced anti-tumor effects. Furthermore, the TPS@Ce6/miRNA NPs promoted apoptosis by down-regulating Caspase-3 and inhibited tumor cell migration and invasion by down-regulating N-Cadherin. In addition, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the TPS@Ce6/miRNA NPs achieved excellent anti-tumor effects. These findings highlighted the enhanced anticancer effects and reduced migration of tumor cells through the synergistic effects of PDT and gene therapy. Conclusion Taken together, the targeted co-delivery of Ce6 and miR-34a will facilitate the application of photodynamic and genic nanomedicine in the treatment of aggressive tumors, particularly TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixue Hu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongna Wang
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Lei
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingnan Luo
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhimeng Chen
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Li
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Duan
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liefeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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46
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Peng Y, Da X, Zhou W, Xu Y, Liu X, Wang X, Zhou Q. A photo-degradable BODIPY-modified Ru(II) photosensitizer for safe and efficient PDT under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:3579-3588. [PMID: 38314620 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is promising for cancer treatment but still suffers from some limitations. For instance, PDT based on 1O2 generation (in a type-II mechanism) is heavily dependent on high oxygen concentrations and will be significantly depressed in hypoxic tumors. In addition, the residual photosensitizers after PDT treatment may cause severe side-effects under light irradiation. To solve these problems, herein a BODIPY (boron dipyrromethene)-modified Ru(II) complex [Ru(dip)2(tpy-BODIPY)]2+ (complex 1, dip = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, tpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) was designed and synthesized. Complex 1 exhibited both high singlet oxygen quantum yield (Φ = 0.7 in CH3CN) and excellent superoxide radical (O2˙-) generation, and thus demonstrated efficient PDT activity under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Moreover, complex 1 is photo-degradable in water, and greatly loses its ROS generation ability after PDT treatment. These novel properties of complex 1 make it promising for efficient PDT under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions with reduced side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xuwen Da
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Wanpeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunli Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiulian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qianxiong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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47
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Lin C, Zhang Y, Liao J, Cui S, Gao Z, Han W. Effect of photodynamic therapy mediated by hematoporphyrin derivatives on small cell lung cancer H446 cells and bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:65. [PMID: 38368311 PMCID: PMC10874342 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by hematoporphyrin derivatives (HPD) on the proliferation of small cell lung cancer H446 cells and bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. H446 cells and BEAS-2B cells were cultured in vitro with different concentrations of HPD(0, 5, 10, 12, 15, 20 μg/mL) for 4 h, and then irradiated with 630 nm laser with different energy densities (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mW/cm2). Cell viability of H446 cells and BEAS-2B cells were detected by CCK8 assay. The cell apoptosis was observed with Annexin V-FTTC/PI double staining and Hoechst 33258. The RT-PCR examination was applied to detect the transcriptional changes of the mRNA of Bax、Bcl-2, and Caspase-9. The results of CCK8 showed that when the HPD was 15 μg/mL and the laser power density reached 50 mW/cm2, the cell viability was significantly decreased compared with the black control group. Hoechst 33258 staining showed that with the increase of HPD concentration, the cell density was reduced, and apoptotic cells increased. Flow cytometry assay revealed that the apoptotic rates of the HPD-PDT group of H446 cells and BEAS-2B cells were significantly different from those of the blank control group. The RT-PCR examination showed that the expression levels of Bax and Caspase-9 mRNA in the HPD-PDT group were up-regulated, while the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA were down-regulated significantly. HPD-PDT can inhibit H446 cells and BEAS-2B cells growth. The mechanism may be related to up-regulating the expression levels of Bax and Caspase-9 mRNA and down-regulating the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunzhi Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yan Tai, 264001, China
| | - Jiemei Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, 411199, China
| | - Shichao Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhe Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Weizhong Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Aebisher D, Przygórzewska A, Myśliwiec A, Dynarowicz K, Krupka-Olek M, Bożek A, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Bartusik-Aebisher D. Current Photodynamic Therapy for Glioma Treatment: An Update. Biomedicines 2024; 12:375. [PMID: 38397977 PMCID: PMC10886821 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on the development of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of brain tumors has shown promise in the treatment of this highly aggressive form of brain cancer. Analysis of both in vivo studies and clinical studies shows that photodynamic therapy can provide significant benefits, such as an improved median rate of survival. The use of photodynamic therapy is characterized by relatively few side effects, which is a significant advantage compared to conventional treatment methods such as often-used brain tumor surgery, advanced radiotherapy, and classic chemotherapy. Continued research in this area could bring significant advances, influencing future standards of treatment for this difficult and deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Przygórzewska
- English Division Science Club, Medical College of the Rzeszów University, 35-025 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the Rzeszów University, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the Rzeszów University, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Magdalena Krupka-Olek
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Allergology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 10, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (M.K.-O.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrzej Bożek
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Allergology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 10, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (M.K.-O.); (A.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the Rzeszów University, 35-025 Rzeszów, Poland;
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Russu E, Arbanasi EM, Chirila TV, Muresan AV. Therapeutic strategies based on non-ionizing radiation to prevent venous neointimal hyperplasia: the relevance for stenosed arteriovenous fistula, and the role of vascular compliance. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1356671. [PMID: 38374996 PMCID: PMC10875031 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1356671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
We have reviewed the development and current status of therapies based on exposure to non-ionizing radiation (with a photon energy less than 10 eV) aimed at suppressing the venous neointimal hyperplasia, and consequentially at avoiding stenosis in arteriovenous grafts. Due to the drawbacks associated with the medical use of ionizing radiation, prominently the radiation-induced cardiovascular disease, the availability of procedures using non-ionizing radiation is becoming a noteworthy objective for the current research. Further, the focus of the review was the use of such procedures for improving the vascular access function and assuring the clinical success of arteriovenous fistulae in hemodialysis patients. Following a brief discussion of the physical principles underlying radiotherapy, the current methods based on non-ionizing radiation, either in use or under development, were described in detail. There are currently five such techniques, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), far-infrared therapy, photochemical tissue passivation (PTP), Alucent vascular scaffolding, and adventitial photocrosslinking. The last three are contingent on the mechanical stiffening achievable by the exogenous photochemical crosslinking of tissular collagen, a process that leads to the decrease of venous compliance. As there are conflicting opinions on the role of compliance mismatch between arterial and venous conduits in a graft, this aspect was also considered in our review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Russu
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Emil-Marian Arbanasi
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
- Centre for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research (CCAMF), George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Traian V. Chirila
- Centre for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research (CCAMF), George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
- Queensland Eye Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Adrian V. Muresan
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
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50
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Liu S, Sun T, Chou W, Zhao H, Zhao Y. A design strategy of pure Type-I thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline-based photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116059. [PMID: 38134744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Most photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) can generate singlet oxygen through transferring energy with oxygen, called Type-II PSs. However, the microenvironment of solid tumor is usually anoxic. Type-I PSs can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through transferring electron to substrate, showing more efficient in PDT. But pure Type-I PSs are very rare. The relationship between PSs' chemical structure and Type-I mechanism has not been explicitly stated. In this study, two thiadiazolo [3,4-g]quinoxaline (TQ) PSs (PsCBz-1 and PsCBz-2) are synthesized through introducing carbazole groups to the 4,9-position of TQ backbone. Comparing with their prototype PS, 4,9-dibrominated TQ (TQs-4), the introduction of carbazole groups reverses the reaction mechanism of PSs from pure Type-II to pure Type-I. Excitingly, the water-dispersible nanoparticles (NPs) of PsCBz-1 can achieve strong phototoxicity in vitro under both normoxia and hypoxia through Type-I mechanism. In addition, PsCBz-1 NPs also exhibits remarkable PDT antitumor effect in vivo. This study provides a feasible design strategy for pure Type-I PSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tianzhen Sun
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenxin Chou
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongyou Zhao
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Street, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yuxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 29 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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